Abstract:
A rocket propelled grenade (RPG) simulation device usable with a laser detector is provided. The RPG simulation device comprises a laser transmitter, a switch, a controller, and a housing. The laser transmitter is capable of directing a laser signal to the laser detector, the laser signal comprising information readable by the laser detector, to simulate a launch of a rocket propelled grenade from the RPG simulation device to the laser detector. The switch permits a user to trigger a laser signal from the laser transmitter. The controller is in operable communication with the laser transmitter and the switch, and the controller is operable to respond to triggering of the switch and to simulate the launch of a rocket propelled grenade by directing the laser transmitter to generate and transmit a laser signal. The RPG simulation device can further comprise an anti-tank weapons effect systems simulator (ATWESS) in operable communication with the controller, the ATWESS generating an indicator replicating a physical effect (such as noise, a visual effect, a gaseous effect, muzzle flash, smoke, an audible effect, and/or a blast sound) that occurs when an RPG launches a grenade

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/643,701 entitled “Rocket Propelled Grenade, Variant II” filed Jan. 13, 2005, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
     
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH  
       [0002]     This invention was made with Government support under Contract N61339-00-D-0001 with the Department of the Navy. The Government has certain rights in this invention. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]     Embodiments of the invention generally relate to devices, systems, and methods for simulating the operation and effect of various weapons, especially explosive weapons, during military training exercises. More particularly, the invention relates to devices, systems and methods for simulating the operation and effect of weapons such as rocket propelled grenades (RPG&#39;s) in a laser-based battle simulation environment  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0004]     At present, in live battlefield military operations in areas such as the Middle East, opposing forces using weapons such as the rocket-propelled-grenade (RPG) are presenting a significant threat to U.S. military forces stationed there. In an RPG weapon, a relatively small rocket charge is mounted in a tube, together with a grenade, which can then be aimed and launched at a target. One example of a commercially available RPG device is the RPG-7, which has been manufactured in a number of countries, including Russia and various Eastern European countries such as Romania, over its forty-plus year history.  FIG. 1  is an illustration showing a prior art Russian-made RPG-7 antitank grenade launcher  2  (“RPG  2 ”). The RPG  2  is a recoilless, shoulder-fired, muzzle-loaded, reloadable weapon, capable of firing an 85-mm (PG-7) or 70-mm (PG-7M) rocket-assisted High Explosive Anti Tank (HEAT) grenade from a 40-mm smoothbore launcher tube. Features of the RPG  2  include a flared blast shield  3  (which also serves as the breech through which the charge can be loaded). The charge is provided to initially launch the grenade assembly from the firing tube.  3 , a telescope optical sight  4 , an iron sight  5 , a heat shield  6  (which in this illustration is made of an insulating material such as wood), a trigger  7 , a grenade  8 , such as the PG-7VM grenade, and include a pair of hand grips  9 A,  9 B. The RPG  2  is light enough (around 15 pounds) to be carried and fired by one person.  
         [0005]     With the RPG  2 , launch of the grenade  8  is typically via a gunpowder booster charge (not visible in  FIG. 1 ) at about 115 m/s, and this launch creates a cloud of light bluish grey smoke (which typically puffs out in the vicinity of the blast shield  3 . It is the sight of this smoke that is often the only warning (i.e., a visual indicator) that a potential target has alerting the target that the RPG  2  has been fired. After the grenade  8  such as the 70 mm PG-7M is fired from the RPG  2 , the PG-7M&#39;s internal rocket motor will ignite after the grenade  8  has traveled about 10-11 meters, giving the grenade  8  higher velocity, a relatively flat trajectory, and better accuracy. In addition, when the grenade round exits the tube of the RPG  2 , several sets of fins  8 A at the rear of the grenade round  8  unfold, to maintain direction and induce rotation. The maximum effective range of the RPG  2  is about 500 meters for stationary targets and 300 meters for moving targets, with a maximum overall range of about 920-1100 meters, at which point the grenade  8  will self destruct (typically about 4-5 seconds after it was launched). The fuse sets the maximum range of the grenade  8 . One way the timed detonation of the RPG  2  has been used is to create rough proximity airbursts against targets such as helicopters once the targets have passed the preferred 100 meter “head-on attack” zone. In addition, some grenades used with the RPG  2  can penetrate armor up to 330 millimeters.  
         [0006]     Although the RPG  2  generally won&#39;t travel as far as a larger rocket, the RPG  2  is far more portable (it can be held over a shoulder), lightweight, simple to use (literally “point and shoot”) and, unlike indirect weapons such as mortar, can be more directly aimed at a target, to produce damage essentially equivalent to a stick of dynamite detonated at the target location. Further, because the blast radius of anti-armor round fired by an RPG  2  is around 4 to 8 meters, personnel and/or equipment in proximity to an RPG blast will still experience significant negative effects from it. For example, personnel may experience effects such as temporary deafness and blindness from an RPG blast even if such persons are not permanently harmed or killed by the blast.  
         [0007]     Because the RPG  2  is so simple to use, effective, damaging, and widely available, it has become the weapon of choice for many forces around the world, including many guerilla armies and insurgents hostile to U.S. interests. Consequently, the U.S. military has great interest in training its personnel to deal with military combat situations in which RPGs may be used.  
         [0008]     One way that the U.S. military trains its forces to deal with various military combat situations is using laser-based combat simulation systems. Such laser-based systems have been developed to simulate military combat situations without actually having to fire live ammunition. These systems use relatively low power lasers and matched detectors for indicating when a “hit” has occurred. One such system is the Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement Systems, referred to as the MILES system. Military forces in the U.S. and around the world have found MILES to be an important tool to help soldiers and others learn combat survival skills and evaluate battle outcomes, and MILES training has been proven to dramatically increase the combat readiness and fighting effectiveness of military forces.  
         [0009]     An illustrative implementation of MILES uses so-called eye-safe “laser bullets,” combined with the use of laser sensitive detectors, to simulate battlefield situations. Each individual and vehicle in the training exercise has a detection system to sense hits and perform casualty assessment. For example, as part of an exemplary MILES event, some soldiers are equipped with one or more laser detectors (e.g., an optical detector) capable of receiving a coded laser signal or pulse that has been fired, and these laser detectors can be attached to the soldier himself, to a vehicle the solder is riding on or in, or to any other location proximate to a target of interest. Other soldiers are equipped with laser transmitters capable of “shooting” coded laser signals and/or pulses of infrared energy. These laser transmitters can be readily attached to and detached from any location, person, or thing (e.g., vehicle mounted weapons, hand carried weapons, vehicles, tanks, etc.). In some implementations, one or more of the coded laser signals and/or pulses are modulated to indicate the type of weapon that is the source of the laser beam; and a soldier identification number may also be included in the transmitted signal.  
         [0010]     When the laser sensitive detectors receive the coded laser signal/pulse(s), one or more MILES decoders determine whether the target was hit and, if so, whether the “laser bullet” was accurate enough to cause damage (e.g., a casualty). This determination can be made in various ways, such as by whether the coded signals/pulses exceed a threshold, whether the coded signals/pulses actually hit its intended target, and the like. In some implementations, the target (and/or the shooter) can be made aware almost instantly of the accuracy of a simulated shot, such as by audible alarms, visible displays, pyrotechnics, and the like, where these indicators can designate a hit or near miss and also help to provide realism for the soldiers.  
         [0011]     In more recent implementations of MILES, all action by shooters and targets (deemed “players”) is recorded during a simulated event, so that a so-called After Action Review (AAR) can occur later, to review the effectiveness of the weapons and/or of the defenses against them. For example, one implementation of AAR allows commanders to process, format and view engagement data collected during an exercise, for review after the exercise. In addition, exercise data can be archived for future use, such as to provide additional training for military forces.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0012]     The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of one or more aspects of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention, and is neither intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention, nor to delineate the scope thereof. Rather, the primary purpose of the summary is to present some concepts of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.  
         [0013]     In one embodiment, to help mitigate the threat of devices such as RPGs, the invention provides a surrogate training device simulating an RPG, where the training device is usable with a laser-based system such as the MILES system. The surrogate training device, which simulates the RPG (minus the launch of an actual grenade at a target) provides a simulation of predetermined characteristics of the RPG, such as the aesthetics (e.g., “look and feel”), weight, appearance, and physical features, such as the muzzle flash (e.g., an incandescent flash at a weapon muzzle following departure of the arms being used, which can be caused be the ignition of oxygen, the expulsion of burning powder grains and the expansion of powder gasses), smoke trail and sounds that occur when a grenade is launched from an actual RPG.  
         [0014]     In one embodiment, the invention provides a rocket propelled grenade (RPG) simulation device usable with a laser detector, the RPG simulation device comprising a laser transmitter, a switch, a controller, and a housing. The laser transmitter is capable of directing a laser signal to the laser detector, the laser signal comprising information readable by the laser detector, to simulate a launch of a rocket propelled grenade from the RPG simulation device to the laser detector. The switch permits a user to trigger a laser signal from the laser transmitter. The controller is in operable communication with the laser transmitter and the switch, and the controller is operable to respond to triggering of the switch and to simulate the launch of a rocket propelled grenade by directing the laser transmitter to generate and transmit a laser signal. The housing simulates at least one predetermined characteristic of an actual RPG device. The housing is constructed and arranged to house at least one element selected from the group consisting of the laser transmitter, the switch, and the controller.  
         [0015]     The laser signal can comprise a pulse of laser energy. The RPG simulation device can further comprise an anti-tank weapons effect systems simulator (ATWESS) in operable communication with the controller, the ATWESS generating an indicator replicating a physical effect that occurs when an RPG launches a grenade. When the switch is triggered, the controller can command the ATWESS to generate the indicator replicating the physical effect. For example, the indicator can comprise at least one physical effect selected from the group consisting of a noise, a visual effect, a gaseous effect, muzzle flash, smoke, an audible effect, and a blast sound.  
         [0016]     The RPG simulation device can further comprise a display in communication with the controller, wherein the display is constructed and arranged to display information related to operation of the RPG to an operator of the RPG. For example, the displayed information can comprise at least one piece of information selected from the group consisting of round count, player identification number, laser power level, rounds remaining, weapon type, and battery level. In addition, the RPG simulation device can include indicators capable of indicating to a user that a laser signal has been transmitted and/or capable of enabling alignment of the laser transmitter.  
         [0017]     In one embodiment, the laser transmitter can transmit a laser signal encoded with a MILES code, such as a code recognizable by a MILES-type detector. In one embodiment, the controller can perform additional operations, such as one or more of tracking number of rounds fired; tracking a player identification number, tracking a power level of a laser signal emitted by the laser transmitter; tracking a battery level; generating a programmable hit and near miss word, adjusting a power level of the laser signal emitted by the laser transmitter; adjusting an alignment of the laser signal emitted by the laser transmitter; generating a signal to control the laser signal where the laser signal further comprises a MILES code; tracking MILES code related information in a laser signal that comprises a MILES code; receiving an instruction from an external system via a USB port; providing data to an external system via a USB port; providing information to a display; providing reverse voltage protection; responding to a controller key; responding to a push to read switch; responding to a magnetic switch; responding to a trigger switch; and responding to a safety switch.  
         [0018]     In another embodiment, the invention provides a method for simulating operation of a rocket propelled grenade (RPG). A physical structure having at least one predetermined characteristic in common with an actual RPG is provided. A laser transmitter is coupled to the physical structure, the laser transmitter operable to direct a laser signal to a laser detector. A user-accessible control is provided on the physical structure. The laser transmitter is coupled to the user-accessible control so as to enable a user to transmit a laser signal towards a target to simulate launching an RPG at that target. In a further aspect, an anti-tank weapons effect system simulator (ATWESS) is provided, where the ATWESS is capable of generating an indicator simulating a physical effect that occurs when an actual RPG launches a grenade. In still a further aspect, the laser signal can be encoded with a MILES code.  
         [0019]     In one aspect, a physical effect is generated when the laser signal is transmitted, the physical effect comprising at least one physical effect selected from the group consisting of sound, muzzle flash, smoke, visual effect, audio effect, and gaseous effect.  
         [0020]     In another embodiment, the invention provides a system usable with a detector responsive to a laser signal for simulating the operation of a rocket propelled grenade (RPG) device. The system comprises means for enabling a user to trigger a simulated launch of a grenade from the RPG device; means for directing a laser signal to the detector in response to the simulated launch trigger; and means for generating a physical indicator of the launch. In a further embodiment, the system further comprises means for simulating at least one predetermined characteristic associated with the operation of the RPG device, the at least one predetermined characteristic selected from the group consisting of sound, muzzle flash, smoke, weight, color, shape, housing material, length, range, visual effect occurring when weapon is fired, audio effect occurring when weapon is fired, and gaseous effect occurring when the weapon is fired.  
         [0021]     Details relating to this and other embodiments of the invention are described more fully herein. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0022]     The advantages and aspects of the present invention will be more fully understood in conjunction with the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, wherein:  
         [0023]      FIG. 1  is a prior art image of a rocket-propelled grenade (RPG) launcher and its grenade, as viewed from the right side;  
         [0024]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a rocket propelled grenade (RPG) simulation device, without the sighting attachment, as viewed from the left side, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;  
         [0025]      FIG. 3A  is a left side view of the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0026]      FIG. 3B  is a bottom side view of the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0027]      FIG. 4  is a first exploded perspective view of the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 , as viewed from the right side;  
         [0028]      FIG. 5  is a second exploded perspective view of the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 , as viewed from the left side and also including the sighting attachment;  
         [0029]      FIG. 6A  is an enlarged perspective view of the grenade portion of the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0030]      FIG. 6B  is an enlarged exploded view of the grenade portion of the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0031]      FIG. 7  is partial cross-sectional enlarged view of the grenade portion of the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 , showing the grenade mounting and circuit card assembly (CCA) housing cover;  
         [0032]      FIG. 8  is an enlarged view of the CCC housing assembly of the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0033]      FIG. 9A  is a first enlarged view showing the mounting of the CCA housing to the front tube, for the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0034]      FIG. 9B  is a second enlarged view showing the mounting of the CCA housing to the front tube, for the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0035]      FIG. 10  is a perspective view showing the front and rear tubes of the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0036]      FIG. 11A  is an enlarged perspective view showing the rear tube and its blast shield mounting holes, for the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0037]      FIG. 11B  is an enlarged perspective view showing the ATWESS assembly and blast shield mounted to the rear tube, for the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0038]      FIG. 12A  is an enlarged perspective view showing the front grip assembly, including finger guard, for the RGP simulation device of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0039]      FIG. 12B  is an enlarged side view of the front grip assembly of  FIG. 11A , without the finger guard;  
         [0040]      FIG. 13  is an enlarged perspective view of the rear grip assembly of the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0041]      FIG. 14A  is an enlarged exploded perspective view of the liquid crystal display (LCD) housing assembly for the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0042]      FIG. 14B  is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the controller key receptacle switch for the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0043]      FIG. 15  is a wiring harness interconnection diagram for the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0044]      FIG. 16  is a functional block diagram of the CCA inputs and outputs, used with the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0045]      FIGS. 17A and 17B  are front and side views, respectively, of the dual function laser tube used with the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ; and  
         [0046]      FIGS. 17C and 17D  are front and side views, respectively of a the first laser tube used with the dual function laser tube of  FIGS. 17A and 17B ; and  
         [0047]      FIGS. 17E and 17F  are front and side views, respectively, of the second laser tube used with the dual function laser tube of  FIGS. 17A and 17B . 
     
    
       [0048]     In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate like elements. The drawings are not to scale, emphasis instead being on illustrating the principles of the invention.  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0049]     Throughout this document, the term “rocket propelled grenade” (RPG) is used to describe a particular type of weapon being simulated. However, those of skill in the art will recognize that at least some embodiments of the invention are equally applicable to weapons such as rifle-propelled grenades, light anti-tank weapons (LAWs), artillery, mortar, grenades, and rockets. For example, the physical appearance of the RPG simulation device can readily be adapted to match the physical appearance of a weapon such as rifle propelled grenade, light anti-tank weapon, etc., and the physical effects (e.g., sights and sounds) that occur when the respective weapon is used can also be incorporated as part of the simulation device. In addition, note that the term “rocket propelled grenade” is a term of art that refers at least to a weapon that launches a grenade using a rocket, and not merely to the grenade itself that is being launched.  
         [0050]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a rocket propelled grenade (RPG) simulation device  10  as viewed from the left side, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.  FIGS. 3A-5  provide additional views of the RPG simulation device  10 , including a left side view ( FIG. 3A ), a bottom side view ( FIG. 3B ), a first, exploded, right perspective view ( FIG. 4 ), and a second, exploded, left perspective view ( FIG. 5 ), the latter of which also shows an optional field viewing scope  19 . In one embodiment, the field viewing scope  19  is a Model Red Dot 30, from BSA Optics, Inc. of Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. Because the Picatinny mounting rail  70  (described further herein) is used as the mounting bracket for the field viewing scope  19 , a variety of different scopes may be mounted, if desired.  
         [0051]     Referring now to  FIGS. 2-5 , the RPG simulation device  10  has aesthetics (e.g., the look and feel) designed to closely simulate an actual RPG, such as the RPG  2  of  FIG. 1 . The RPG simulation device  10  also includes MILES technology that enables it to produce a MILES signal  11  usable in a MILES environment to enable, for example, instrumented training events for After Action Review (AAR) training at both military home stations and at combat training centers. The RPG simulation device  10 , in one embodiment, weighs approximately fifteen (15) pounds and has a length of about fifty-one (51) inches. The RPG simulation device  10  is constructed to be water-resistant and has an effective range of 300 to 1000 meters. The RPG simulation device  10  is capable of firing signals that include one or more of selectable MILES codes, a word count, and a player identification number or code. In addition, the RPG simulation device  10  provides a programmable rounds count.  
         [0052]     The RPG simulation device  10  includes a simulated grenade  12 , a circuit card assembly (CCA) housing assembly  14  (which itself contains the CCA  80 , described further herein), and a trigger switch  34 . The embodiment of the RPG simulation device  10  as shown in  FIGS. 2-5  also includes a housing implemented via a CCA housing assembly  14 , a rear tube assembly  20 , a front tube assembly  16 , a front grip assembly  18 , rear grip assembly  30 , an LCD assembly  32 , field viewing scope  19  and sighting attachment mounting rail  70 , safety switch  53 , an anti-tank weapons effect system simulator (ATWESS) assembly  24 , a blast shield  26 , and a shoulder stop bracket  22 . Each of these elements is described further herein.  
         [0053]     As those of skill in the art will appreciate, a housing for the RPG simulation device  10  can be implemented in many different ways. For example, it could be made using a single tube, rather than front and back tubes, with multiple tubes, in fewer or more pieces than illustrated, etc.  
         [0054]      FIG. 6A  is an enlarged perspective view of the simulated grenade  12  of the RPG simulation device  10  of  FIG. 2 , and  FIG. 6B  is an enlarged exploded view of the simulated grenade  12 , showing where the CCA  80  is disposed (the CCA  80  is disposed within the tubular housing shown in the figure). In one embodiment, the simulated grenade  12  is formed from two symmetrical pieces  12 A,  12 B of a substantially rigid and rugged material, such as polypropylene thermal plastic, and has a color (e.g., olive drab) to mimic the color of an actual grenade. As those of skill in the art will appreciate, however, the simulated grenade  12  can be formed of virtually any material (e.g., metals, composite, plastics, etc.), in any color, which is able to be formed into a grenade-like shape (or the shape of any other warhead being simulated) and able to withstand the rigors of the application and environment where the RPG simulation device  10  is being used, such as operation in an environment with temperatures that can range from 35° C. (−31° F.) to 62° C. (144° F.)  
         [0055]     The simulated grenade  12  includes one or more ribs  12 C that help to strengthen the structure of the simulated grenade  12  and to also conform around the CCA housing assembly  14  portion of the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 6B . In addition, the simulated grenade  12  includes a plurality of fins  12 D to help mimic the appearance of the actual grenade.  
         [0056]      FIG. 7  is partial cross-sectional enlarged view of the simulated grenade  12  of the RPG simulation device  10  of  FIG. 2 , showing the simulated grenade mounting and circuit card assembly (CCA) housing cover  18 . In this embodiment, the CCA housing cover  18  is mounted to the CCA housing  14  using four hex socket head screws  17 , and the simulated grenade  12  is secured to the CCA housing assembly  14  using eight Philips screws  21 . The method of mounting, as well as the particular configuration and arrangement of mounting screws is merely illustrative and not intended as limiting. Using screws helps to enable the simulated grenade  12  and/or the CCA  80  (contained within the CCA housing  14 ) to be more easily serviceable.  
         [0057]      FIG. 8  is an enlarged view of the CCC housing assembly  14  of the RPG simulation device  10  of  FIG. 2 ,  FIG. 9A  is a first enlarged view showing the mounting of the CCA housing to the front tube, for the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 , and  FIG. 9B  is a second enlarged view showing the mounting of the CCA housing  14  to the front tube  16 , for the RPG simulation device  10  of  FIG. 2 . Referring to  FIGS. 8-9 , the CCA housing assembly  14  is constructed of a substantially rigid material, such as aluminum 6061-T6 material, and has an appearance and color (e.g., anodized olive drab) to further mimic the appearance of an actual RPG. The CCA housing assembly  14  is shaped so as to house the CCA  80  ( FIG. 16 ) and also a laser tube assembly  120  ( FIG. 17 ), and includes an opening  15  in which the CCA  80  is mounted, as well as a CCA housing cover  18 . The CCA housing assembly  14  is secured to the front tube  16  with six screws  21 . In addition, an alignment screw  23  (which helps serve as an alignment indicator) is used for orientation and helps to ensure that the CCA housing assembly  14  is installed into the front tube  16  in the same orientation both during production and in later follow on field repairs.  
         [0058]      FIG. 10  is a perspective view showing the front and rear tubes  16 ,  20 , respectively, of the RPG simulation device  10  of  FIG. 2 , coupled together. The front tube  16  and rear tube  20  are each made of a substantially rigid material, such as aluminum 6061-T6. The front tube  16  is inserted into the rear tube  20  and secured by six screws. To simulate the appearance of an actual RPG, the front tube  16  is anodized black and the rear tube  20  is anodized brown. The shoulder stop bracket  22  can be provided in various ways. In one embodiment, the shoulder stop bracket  22  is molded out of a substantially rigid material, such as brown polycarbonate plastic or anodized brown metal and secured to the rear tube  20 , such as by screws, welding, soldering, adhesives, or any other attachment method. In another embodiment, the shoulder stop bracket  22  can be formed integrally with the rear tube  20 .  
         [0059]      FIG. 11A  is an enlarged perspective view showing the rear tube  20  and its blast shield mounting holes  25 , for the RPG simulation device  10  of  FIG. 2 , and  FIG. 11B  is an enlarged perspective view showing the ATWESS assembly  24  and blast shield  26  mounted to the rear tube  20 , for the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 . The ATWESS assembly  24  uses an ATWESS cartridge (not shown) and is able to provide on or more indicators or physical effects, such as a realistic weapon signature, including muzzle flash, noise, and backblast smoke, appropriate for the simulation of a grenade launched from an RPG. The ATWESS breech lock lever  49  locks the ATWESS cartridge into place.  
         [0060]     ATWESS simulation devices are available from various vendors, including Cubic Defense Systems of San Diego, Calif. In one embodiment, the ATWESS assembly  24  and blast shield  26  are substantially the same as those used on the simulated VIPER device used with the MILES system.  
         [0061]     The ATWESS assembly  24  includes an ATWESS breech lock lever  49  (to lock the ATWESS cartridge cover) and an ATWESS safety lever  46  that must be pulled to arm the ATWESS. The blast shield  26  is provided to protect the operator and to collimate the blast from the ATWESS assembly  24  to reduce the likelihood injury to nearby personnel.  
         [0062]      FIG. 12A  is an enlarged perspective view showing the front grip assembly  28  for the RPG simulation device  10  of  FIG. 2 , with the finger guard  50 , and  FIG. 12B  is an enlarged side view of the front grip assembly  28  of  FIG. 11A , without the finger guard  50 . The front grip assembly  28  includes several user accessible controls, including a trigger switch  34 , as well as an internal magnetic switch  47  (not visible in the figures). The magnetic switch  47  communicates with the CCA  80  to activate a Helium Neon Laser Tube located within a so-called dual function laser tube  120  ( FIG. 15 ) that also is in communication with the CCA  80  for alignment purposes. Placing a magnet near the bottom of the front grip assembly  28  can trigger the magnetic switch  47 . The front grip assembly  28  can include a removable finger guard  50  and a cover  51 . To help simulate the appearance of an actual RPG, the front grip assembly  28  is anodized black and the cover  51  is anodized brown and mounted to the rest of the front grip assembly  28  via four counter-sunk screws. The front grip assembly  28  couples to the front tube  16  via screws mounted through a plurality of screw holes  53 .  
         [0063]      FIG. 13  is an enlarged perspective view of the rear grip assembly  30  of the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 . The rear grip assembly  30  houses a battery  65  (e.g., a 9 volt battery) (not visible in this Figure) that is held in place via battery door  64  and battery door knob  66 , which advantageously has a low profile. The rear grip assembly  30  includes a user accessible control, such as the safety switch  42 . During operation, in one embodiment, the safety switch  42  must be engaged prior to engaging the trigger switch  34 . The rear grip assembly  30 , like the front grip assembly  28 , is anodized black, with a brown cover  60 , to simulate the appearance of an actual RPG. The cover  60  is mounted to the rear grip assembly  30  using four counter-sunk screws, and the rear grip assembly couples to the front tube  16  via screws mounted through a plurality of screw holes  63 .  
         [0064]     Although the functions of the front grip assembly  28  and rear grip assembly  30  could be implemented in a single grip, it is advantageous if they are provided as part two separate grips to ensure that an operator has both hands on the RPG simulation device  10  when using it, to improve safe use of the RPG simulation device  10 .  
         [0065]      FIG. 14A  is an enlarged exploded perspective view of the liquid crystal display (LCD) housing assembly  32  for the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 . The LCD housing assembly  32  includes a liquid crystal display (LCD)  78 , an indicator LED  81  (which illuminates when the RPG simulation device  10  is fired), a reset push button switch  82  (used to reset the RPG simulation device  10 , reset round count, etc.), an LCD housing assembly cover  74 , and LCD cover  76 , and a controller key receptacle switch  36  (also referred to herein as a weapon switch), which is usable with a controller key switch, explained further herein.  
         [0066]     In at least some embodiments, the LCD housing assembly  32  includes a so-called Picatinny mounting rail  70  (i.e., a bracket used on some firearms to provide a standardized mounting for accessories such as the field viewing scope  19 ; such a bracket can be provided in accordance with MIL-STD-1913, first published by the U.S. Picatinny Arsenal). Picatinny rails are available from numerous suppliers, including Centurion Tactical Systems of Layton Utah.  
         [0067]      FIG. 14B  is a cross sectional view of the controller key receptacle switch  36 . As  FIG. 14B  illustrates, the controller key receptacle switch  36  has four positions and is used to set the RPG simulation device  10  in one of several operating modes. In at least one embodiment, a controlling operator has a first key (i.e., a so-called “green” master key) capable of putting the RPG simulation device  10  into either a so-called “Dry Fire” mode (a mode with no ATWESS, e.g., no smoke) or an ATWESS mode (a mode in which an ATWESS cartridge is used as part of the simulation), and the RPG simulation device operator has a second key (i.e., a so-called “yellow” weapon key).  
         [0068]     The following modes of operation are provided by way of example and are not limiting.  
         [0069]     To put the RPG simulation device  10  in “Dry Fire” mode, assuming a battery  65  is installed into the rear grip  30 , the green master key is then inserted into the controller key receptacle switch  36  and turned to the “set” position  36 A, and then the green master key is then turned to position  3  ( 36 B in  FIG. 14B ). The green master key is then removed from controller key receptacle switch  36 , and the RPG simulation device  10  will be in “Dry Fire mode”. The operator of the RPG simulation device  10  can then press the push to read switch  82  to see an indication of the “Rounds Remaining” on the LCD display  78  (e.g., four rounds remaining). To fire the RPG simulation device  10 , an operator inserts his yellow operator key into the controller key receptacle switch  36 , presses the safety switch  42  ( FIG. 13 ), then the trigger switch  34  ( FIG. 12 ), and the LED  81  illuminates when the laser signal  11  is emitted, when the laser transmitter  206  ( FIG. 16 ) is fired by the trigger switch  34 . The laser transmitter  206  sends a laser signal, such as a pulse of laser energy and/or eye-safe, invisible laser (light) beams, toward the target. If the laser beam hits the target, detector assemblies on the target sense the beam and cause an alarm to sound. In addition, if the target is a vehicle, an externally-mounted light on the vehicle will flash.  
         [0070]     Optionally, the operator of the RPG simulator device  10  may wear a harness or vest equipped with a laser detector assembly and alarm and which also includes a similar controller key receptacle switch  36 . The laser detector can, for example, be a detector usable with a MILES-type of system. If a MILES-equipped weapon fires a laser signal at the operator of the RPG simulator device  10 , one of two results may occur: if it is a “near miss” the alarm on the harness sounds for one second; if it is a “hit”, the alarm sounds continuously and the operator has been “killed”. The operator&#39;s yellow weapon key can be removed from the RPG simulator device  10  and inserted into the controller key receptacle switch  36  (on the harness) to shut off the alarm. In one embodiment, only the green master key can perform a system reset on the RPG simulator device  10  (which provides for a new set of rounds).  
         [0071]     To put the RPG simulation device  10  in “ATWESS” mode, assuming a battery  65  is installed in the rear grip  30 , the green master key is then inserted into the controller key receptacle switch  36  and turned to the “set” position  36 A, and then the green master key is then turned to position  4  ( 36 C in  FIG. 14B ). The green master key is then removed from controller key receptacle switch  36 , and the RPG simulation device  10  will be in “ATWESS Mode.” The operator of the RPG simulation device  10  can then press the push to read switch  82  to see an indication of the “Rounds Remaining” on the LCD display  78  (e.g., four rounds remaining).  
         [0072]     Operation of the RPG simulator device  10  in ATWESS mode is similar to operation in DRY FIRE mode, except that in ATWESS mode, an operator cannot fire the laser transmitter unless an ATWESS cartridge is loaded and the ATWESS safety lever  46  is in the ARMED position. The operator ensures that the backblast area near the blast shield  26  is clear, and centers the target (e.g. via field viewing scope  19 ). The target is tracked, and the operator then fires at the target, pressing and holding the safety switch  42  first and then the pressing the trigger switch  34 . In one embodiment, the operator can fire a round every 10 seconds, for up to four rounds, with each round using its own ATWESS cartridge. After the firing, an operator can check the “Rounds Remaining” by depressing the push to read switch  82 , and a displayed rounds counter will show rounds remaining. When the round is fired, the ATWESS provides an audible sound equivalent to the sound a real round would make, as well as a blast of smoke similar to that produced during the firing of a “real” rocket propelled grenade.  
         [0073]      FIG. 15  is a wiring harness interconnection diagram for the RPG simulation device  10 , of  FIG. 2 , showing internal interconnections amongst some of the elements shown in  FIGS. 2-14 . All of the components shown in  FIG. 15  are interconnected to at least the CCA  80 . In at least one embodiment, the CCA  80  acts as a controller for one or more functions of the RPG simulation device  10 . The CCA  80  couples to a laser tube  120  (which contains one or more lasers, such as a 904 nm Infrared wavelength laser tube, to generate, direct, and control the MILES laser signals that are emitted by the RPG simulation device  10  and to also control the laser alignment signal  11 B (which helps serve as an alignment indicator) used to align the MILES laser signals  11  ( FIG. 2 ) emitted by the RPG simulation device  10 . The laser alignment signal  11 B is activated via a magnetic switch (not visible in  FIG. 15 ) that is switched when a magnet is placed in proximity to the bottom  28 A of the front grip assembly  28 .  
         [0074]     The CCA  80  is further interconnected with (and responsive to) the trigger switch  34  on the front grip assembly  28 , as well as to a safety switch  42  on the rear grip assembly  30 . The trigger switch  34  and safety switch  42  can be used independently of each other or in conjunction with each other, depending on the mode of operation of the RPG simulation device  10 , as described above. In one embodiment, the RPG simulation device  10  will only fire (in either mode) if the safety switch  42  is pressed and held first and then the trigger switch  34  is pressed. The mode of operation of the RPG simulation device  10  is set via the weapon switch  36 , which, in one embodiment, can be controlled or set via a removable weapon switch key  36 A (e.g., the controller green key described previously). The CCA  80  communicates with and controls the ATWESS assembly  24 , in response to inputs at the trigger switch  34  and safety switch  42 .  
         [0075]     The CCA  80  monitors the terminals  44  of battery  65 , to monitor the battery voltage and provide a “low battery” indicator on LCD display  78  of the LCD assembly  32 . The CCA  80  is responsive to the push to read switch  82  and provides a signal to the LED indicator  81 .  
         [0076]      FIG. 16  is functional block diagram of the CCA  80  and its inputs and outputs, as used with the RPG simulation device  10  of  FIG. 2 . In one embodiment, the CCA  80  is sized to fit in the opening  15  on the CCA housing assembly  14  and is about 3.5 inches by 1 inch in size. The inputs to the CCA  80  include the settings of/signals from the safety switch  42  and main trigger switch  34 , signals monitoring the power/voltage level of the battery  65 , the setting of the controller key receptacle switch  36 , the setting of the push to read switch  82 , the setting of the magnetic switch  47 , the setting of the ATWESS safety arming switch  46 , and inputs from a USB programming interface  55  (USB port).  
         [0077]     The outputs of the CCA  80  include a signal controlling the ATWESS  24 , signals to the display  80  and the LED fire indicator  81 , data to the USB port  55 , and the signals directed to the dual function laser tube  120  to energize a laser diode (not visible in the Figure) in the dual function laser tube  120 , so as to cause the RPG simulation device  10  to emit a laser beam (either the MILES laser  106  or an alignment laser  114 ) towards a given target.  
         [0078]     The CCA  80  itself includes functionality providing weapons effect simulation control  200  (to control the ATWESS  24 ), weapon round count  202  (where the round count can relate to a specific weapon type via the weapon type control  204 ), signals to control the laser diode  206 , signals to control the laser power level adjustment  208  (including hit and near miss laser power level adjustment), signals to control alignment  210 , signals to control the display  212  (including display of PID, rounds remaining, weapon type, and battery low indicators), capability to track up to 5280 player identification codes (PID) (e.g., Enhanced MILES PID), encoding all existing MILES codes  216 , providing reverse voltage protection  216 , monitoring battery power  220 , and tracking player identification (PID) (e.g., via a 5280 Enhanced PID).  
         [0079]      FIGS. 17A and 17B  are front and side views, respectively, of the dual function laser tube  120  used with the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 .  FIGS. 17C and 17D  are front and side views, respectively of a first laser tube  100  used with the dual function laser tube of  FIGS. 17A and 17B .  FIGS. 17E and 17F  are front and side views, respectively, of the second laser tube  110  used with the dual function laser tube of  FIGS. 17A and 17B . As  FIG. 17  illustrates, both the MILES laser tube  110  and the alignment laser tube  110  are disposed within the dual function laser tube  120 .  
         [0080]     The first laser tube  100  is the MILES laser tube and includes laser transmitter/laser diode that emits a laser beam when energized (such as when an operator presses the trigger switch  34  to cause the CCA  80  to generate a signal to energize the laser transmitter). In one embodiment, the laser transmitter uses a so-called MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition) type of laser, which is an infra-red, non-visible laser, available from Laser Diode, Inc., of Edison, N.J.  
         [0081]     The second laser tube  110  includes a laser transmitter (not visible in  FIG. 18 ) capable of generating a read laser “pointer” type beam for alignment purposes.  
         [0082]      FIGS. 19A and 19B  are front and side views, respectively, of the dual function laser tube  120  used with the RPG simulation device of  FIG. 2 ,  FIGS. 19C and 19D  are front and side views, respectively, showing connection of the first laser tube  100  of  FIGS. 17A-17C  and the second laser tube  110  of  FIGS. 18A-18C  to the dual function laser tube  120  of  FIGS. 19A and 19B . As  FIGS. 19A-19D   
         [0083]     In describing the embodiments of the invention illustrated in the figures, specific terminology (e.g., language, phrases, product brands names, etc.) is used for the sake of clarity. These names are provided by way of example only and are not limiting. The invention is not limited to the specific terminology so selected, and each specific term at least includes all grammatical, literal, scientific, technical, and functional equivalents, as well as anything else that operates in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose. For example, although particular materials (e.g., aluminum, polycarbonate, etc.) are described as being used in various embodiments to construct aspects of the RPG simulation device, those of skill in the art will recognize that numerous other materials could work equally well. Furthermore, in the illustrations, Figures, and text, specific names may be given to specific features, processes, military programs, etc. Such terminology used herein, however, is for the purpose of description and not limitation.  
         [0084]     Although the invention has been described and pictured in a preferred form with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of the preferred form, has been made only by way of example, and that numerous changes in the details of construction and combination and arrangement of parts may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.  
         [0085]     In the Figures of this application, in some instances, a plurality of system elements may be shown as illustrative of a particular system element, and a single system element or may be shown as illustrative of a plurality of a particular system elements. It should be understood that showing a plurality of a particular element is not intended to imply that a system or method implemented in accordance with the invention must comprise more than one of that element, nor is it intended by illustrating a single element that the invention is limited to embodiments having only a single one of that respective elements. In addition, the total number of elements shown for a particular system element is not intended to be limiting; those skilled in the art can recognize that the number of a particular system element can, in some instances, be selected to accommodate the particular user needs.  
         [0086]     In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be modified to accommodate and/or comply with changes and improvements in the applicable technology and standards referred to herein. Variations, modifications, and other implementations of what is described herein can occur to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as claimed.  
         [0087]     The particular combinations of elements and features in the above-detailed embodiments are exemplary only; the interchanging and substitution of these teachings with other teachings in this and the referenced patents/applications are also expressly contemplated. As those skilled in the art will recognize, variations, modifications, and other implementations of what is described herein can occur to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as claimed. Accordingly, the foregoing description is by way of example only and is not intended as limiting. The invention&#39;s scope is defined in the following claims and the equivalents thereto.  
         [0088]     Having described and illustrated the principles of the technology with reference to specific implementations, it will be recognized that the technology can be implemented in many other, different, forms, and in many different environments. The technology disclosed herein can be used in combination with other technologies. Having described the preferred embodiments of the invention, it will now become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that other embodiments incorporating their concepts may be used. These embodiments should not be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but rather should be limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims.