Abstract:
A wind turbine station for generating electricity comprising a multi floor structure having open framing. The open framing comprising at least two spaced-apart, open, vertical frames, the frames each made primarily of uncovered beams and columns. The station has a plurality of vertically spaced, horizontal, interior platforms forming the floors of the structure, each interior platform extending between and joined to both of the frames over the length of the frames. Wind turbines are mounted on the structure about the outer periphery of each platform. The wind turbines face outwardly and are each operatively connected to a generator to produce electricity. In a preferred embodiment, the structure has an annular shape with an outer cylindrical or polygonal prism frame and an inner cylindrical or polygonal prism frame spaced from the outer frame. The interior platforms have a flat, ring shape. The invention includes a method for building the station.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Technical Field 
     The invention relates to a wind turbine station. The invention is more particularly directed toward a wind turbine station having an open frame, multi-story structure with many turbines on each floor using wind energy to produce electricity. 
     2. Background Art 
     Wind energy has been used for a long time since the 1200s in Europe, where it was used in mills to grind grain between millstones, then was used as drainage windmills by Dutch, oil mills to press oil from seeds, paint mills, hulling mills, and glue mills. The end of 20 th  century and the beginning of 21 st  century brought important advancement to wind turbines and wind becomes a possible energy source, an alternative to fossil fuel. 
     Sun radiation incident on the earth every year is 5.6×10 24  J. Sun energy is dispersed in atmosphere layers and on the earth&#39;s surface where it warms the air and generates wind. Primary energy use for the whole world is estimated at about 500 EJ that requires 16 TW capacity generators. The total consumed energy is less than 0.01% from the solar radiation captured in the Earth&#39;s atmosphere and surface, and about 0.2% of kinematical energy in wind. That means wind is a vast source of alternative, sustainable and clean energy. 
     Current state of the art comprises giant wind turbines that have three foil blades operate on an approximately 100-125 m high hub, where they rotate in the foil vertical plane. These giant or utility turbines have a maximum energy output that is reached when the wind speed is 10 to 14 m/s and maintain this maximum energy output until reaching a cut-out speed of 25-40 m/sec. 
     Current state of the art utility wind turbines use giant turbines which have approximately 1 MW average generated electrical capacity, throughout the year. However, the inherent disadvantages of utility wind turbines, prevent the current technology from being a feasible alternative to fossil fuel, nuclear and other conventional energies. The current state of the art wind turbines have many drawbacks. 
     Current wind turbines take up too large land areas in wind farms where land between turbines is deemed, usually, to be non-useful because of noise and shade flickers associated with operating large wind turbines. The space required by utility wind turbine averages between 8.5-33 hectare/MW, in Europe and The USA respectively where the output of fluctuating electricity is assumed to be completely useful as it&#39;s mixed with fossil fuel based electricity. Current state of the art wind turbines generate noise which is detrimental to human health within approximately 2 km from the turbines (Wind Turbine Syndrome). Wind Turbine Syndrome causes people living in the vicinity of 2 Km of wind farms to have headaches, loss of memory and other illnesses because of vibration and low-frequency noise. Current state of the art large wind turbines kill bird and bats. 
     Current state of the art wind turbines provide electricity voltage, frequency, current and output which fluctuate all the time as a normal result of wind speed variation over time and it&#39;s not feasible to store the energy in a chemical media and then regenerate the electricity consistent with demand, because the cost of electricity would have increased 4 times more than the present cost of wind electricity which is already too high. 
     According to EON Energy company in Germany, the current state of the art wind turbines generate electricity which has 4% capacity credit, (or firm capacity which is a fraction of wind installed capacity and which is in the grid or available all the time) when grid penetration (percentage of wind electricity in the grid) is 49 GW in the German grid. In other words, the 49 GW installed capacity wind turbines are able to displace only 2 GW of fossil fuel generators. That because of fluctuation in wind speed, then in the turbine output. 
     PRIOR ART 
     There is no prior art close to this invention. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The wind turbine station is a multi-floor structure having open framing By ‘open framing’ it is meant a structure having posts or columns and beams which define the shape of the structure without having walls closing in the structure. The structure preferably is an annulus-shaped tower having a central vertical axis, the tower defining radially disposed, at least, inner and outer frames made primarily of beams and columns. The tower has a plurality of vertically spaced horizontal interior platforms extending between beams of said inner and outer frames over the length of the frames, the interior platforms forming the floors in the structure. Exterior platforms extend outwardly from each interior platform with a turbine on each exterior platform. Wind turbines are mounted at each interior platform about the outer periphery of the platform, the turbines facing outwardly. Each wind turbine is operatively connected to a generator to produce electricity. The tower may reach a height of 1000-2000 m and has a close or open ring-shaped horizontal cross section. The tower, preferably, has a ring shape in a horizontal cross-section which has outer and inner circular peripheries. The outer and inner peripheries, in cross-section, can also be square, polygon such as hexagon, octagon, or the like. Every floor in the multi floor structure is typically an interior platform in the form of a horizontal, flat, ring 8-25 m wide which defines the perimeter of the tower. Every interior platform is connected to adjacent top and bottom level interior platforms by means of ramps which are adjacent to the inner frame of the tower structure in the close horizontal cross-section structure and about the middle distance between the inner and outer frames in the open horizontal cross section structure. The ramps are about 4 m wide. Each story has a typical height of about 10 m. Typical diameter or width of the tower structure is 125-500 m, typical height 500-2000 m, and typical number of levels is 50-200 stories. The height to width ratio of the tower is normally about 4. The higher the seismic forces in a region of the wind station, the less height to diameter ratio. 
     Every few floors may be served by a truck mounted crane with an accompanying team of service and maintenance personnel, around 3-5 people in every shift, who perform continuous maintenance of the turbines on their floors. The whole structure might be served by about four elevators, two to carry people and two or more to carry equipment and wind turbines to the required floors. Washrooms are built on each floor under the ramps, one washroom under each ramp. All equipment for generating hydrogen, storing it, and generating electricity from it, might be installed on the ground floor of the structure. Additional space can be added to accommodate required hydrogen tanks and other equipment needed to generate hydrogen, store it safely and reuse it in fuel cells. 
     Wind turbines are installed and distributed about the outer frame perimeter of each floor of said multi-floor framing or on exterior platforms, one turbine on a platform. The exterior platforms protrude intermittently or continuously outside the outer frame all around the outer perimeter of each interior platform. The tower frames are built typically from high yield structural steel, while the platforms are made from light steel floor sheets or other light, stiff and strong materials, and installed on primary and secondary beams made of moderate to high yield steel. The wind turbine station typically averages an annual output capacity of 50-1000 MW regular electricity and 175-3,750 MW of fluctuating electricity, at 6 m/sec average annual wind speed. 
     The frame structure supports pluralities of individual Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT), Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) or a combination thereof, where said individual wind turbines harvest wind energy and generate electricity by the electricity generators connected thereto. Generally, in an annulus section tower structure, one half of the installed wind turbines which face wind, rotate to generate electricity, while the other half, on the leeward side are stationary and inoperable. Each turbine is almost equal in size to the length of the gaps between columns in the exterior frames and to the height between two adjacent interior platforms or floors. 
     The electricity generated may be supplied directly to a grid after transformation to current and voltage compatible with the grid. Preferably however, the electricity generated is used to generate hydrogen that chemically stores a large part of the harvested energy temporarily, by using the required equipments such as known transformers, water supply, electrolyzers, pumps and hydrogen tanks on the ground floor. Hydrogen is stored in highly pressurized or liquefied form in tanks on the ground floor, and then the stored hydrogen volumes are used in fuel cells. Fuel cell capacity is calculated by multiplying the average annual fluctuating electricity generated by the wind turbine station, by electrolysis efficiency which is approx. 0.61 and by the fuel cell efficiency which is approx. 0.41. Fuel cells regenerate electricity with regular characteristics of current, frequency and potential and then the regular characteristic electricity is fed to a grid after it has undergone transformation to compatible voltage and current of the grid by using sufficient transformers, generally on the ground floor level. The average possible output obtained is proportional to annual average wind speed in a region. To speed up the electrolysis process and avoid wasting of energy, supplied potential to electrolyzers should be around known 2.06 v. Supplied current is known to be high. Current might range between 100,000-1000,000 amperes. Highly fluctuating generated electricity by the wind turbines may be stored in other chemical means and restored later on demand. 
     Operating wind speed range of the turbines in the wind turbine station for known small HAWT or VAWT is about 3-175 m/s. Generating electricity for electrolizers provides for lower cost and more durable generators, because there is no need for constant frequency. Then there is no need for high speed gears, or for gears all together. 
     Maintenance of the wind turbine station is an important feature of the present invention. The construction and size of the turbine station allows continuous ongoing maintenance of the station. The continuous maintenance of the wind turbines is possible because accessibility to any wind turbine is always possible, easy and fast. Continuous maintenance leads that most of the windward turbines, operate all the time. That is, because the maintenance staff, continuously, observe the turbines using monitors and computers on each interior platform. Monitors tell when any turbine needs maintenance, while all other wind turbines are operating. Most probably 99.33% of turbines will be operating the whole year around, assuming every single turbine is maintained once a year which is considered reasonable and little conservative because the industry of wind turbines is very advanced. As a result, the average of annual operation hours for each turbine is 0.9933×8760=8701 hours/year. In cost analysis, the total number of all turbines is considered. In energy calculation, only half the number of the turbines is considered because only half number of the wind turbines work at a time. 
     Wind turbine station is the first fixed structure capable of reaching unprecedented heights up to approximately 2000 m and the first structure to harvest wind energy continuously at high altitudes over 200 m above the ground surface and on large scale. Wind turbine station has output for a unit area of wind turbines is several times higher than current large wind turbines in 6 m/sec wind speed environment and becomes tenths of times higher with higher wind speeds. 
     Wind turbine station is normally constructed using conventional steel has yield stress up to 600-700 MPa. Wind turbine station requires only about 0.2% of average land required for large wind turbines of similar capacities. Required space for fluctuating electricity of wind turbine stations ranges between 0.03-0.04 hectare/MW, and the required space for regular electricity, and proportional with demand, is 0.10-0.15 hectare/MW. Noise generated by small HAWT and VAWT in the wind turbine station is much lower than noise generated by utility wind turbines because tip velocity of the wind turbines are proportional to blade lengths. Blade length ratio of the large to the small wind turbines is normally about 10-15 times. Then wind turbine station may not be dangerous to birds and bats because of 10-15 times tip velocities. 
     Output of the wind turbine station, described herein, may have constant current, frequency and potential. Then the wind turbine station may displace conventional electricity generators have similar capacities. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a top view of a typical large size wind turbine station, about 500 m dia.×2000 m height, with horizontal axis wind turbines; 
         FIG. 1A  is a detail of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 2  is a front view of the station shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3 , is a partial, enlarged front view of the station shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4 , is a partial, front enlarged front view showing a single horizontal axis wind turbine in the station; 
         FIG. 5 , is a partial top view of the turbine shown in  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a enlarged back view showing a single horizontal axis wind turbine in the station; 
         FIG. 7  is a side view of a single turbine in the station; 
         FIG. 8  is a top view of a typical small size wind turbine station, about 125 m dia.×500 m high, with vertical axis wind turbines; 
         FIG. 9  is a partial top view of a VAWT turbine from the station in  FIG. 8  showing it mounted on an exterior platform; 
         FIG. 10  is a partial front view of the station shown in  FIG. 8 ; 
         FIG. 11  is a side view of a single turbine in the station shown in  FIG. 8 ; 
         FIG. 12  is a front view of a single turbine in the station shown in  FIG. 8 ; 
         FIG. 13  is a front view of another form of the wind turbine station; 
         FIG. 14  is a top view of the station shown in  FIG. 13 ; 
         FIG. 15  is a detail top view of part of the station shown in  FIG. 14 ; 
         FIG. 16  is a graph showing the Rayleigh Distribution of Wind Speed, where assumed average wind speed=6 m/sec.; 
         FIG. 17  is a graph shows the harvested energy by small HAWT (or VAWT) and Utility HAWT during long term, assuming random Rayleigh distribution of wind speeds; 
         FIG. 18  is a graph showing the required energy to be stored in hydrogen relative to average monthly consumption, E ave    
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The wind turbine tower  1 , as shown in  FIGS. 1-7 , comprises an annular, open frame, structure  3  having at least an inner circular frame  5  and an outer circular frame  7 . Each frame  5 ,  7  is composed mainly of vertical columns  9  and connected to horizontal main beams  13 , Cross beams  17 , extending between the frames  5 ,  7  and fastened to opposing main beams  13  in the frames and are the main elements connect the frames  5 ,  7  together. Cross elements in vertical planes, might be used to stiffen the connected frame by cross beams in vertical plans contain the cross beams, and may be used in the interior frame  5  to stiffen the interior frame and subsequently the whole frame structure. The open structure  3  has a plurality of levels or floors  19 . Each floor  19  comprises a flat, ring-shaped, interior platform  21  extending between the inner and outer frames  5 ,  7  and supported on the cross beams  17  and the main beams  13 . The height between adjacent floors  19  in the tower generally ranges between 7-12 m. The distance between adjacent columns  9 , in the outer frame  7 , is generally equal to the height between adjacent floors. 
     Sizes of main beams, columns and cross elements are determined by structural analysis of the whole frame structure. Structural analysis is based on, mainly, the weight of all columns, beams, and dead loads of turbines. Platform material is light with high strength. Average total distributed live load is estimated approximately 0.15 KPa. However, the design of interior platforms and beams must take into account the concentrated live loads from weight of vehicle mounted crane loaded anywhere on the interior platforms. Seismic forces add a small fraction to stresses which resulted mainly from gravity loads. The small effect is because of comparatively light self weight of the structure, dead loads and live loads in a unit area, in comparison with a similar material building of conventional construction. The smaller loads are because the number of floors in the wind turbine station is about 3 times less than conventional construction and because there is no finishing and there are no partitions except the partial inner walls in the frame  5 . Aspect ratio of the frame structure which means height to diameter ratio, is low and generally is about 4 which provide sufficiently large stiffness of the whole frame structure to sustain seismic loads without considerable increase in frame section areas. Frame columns are made usually from high yield steel. Steel columns are designed using structural analysis of the whole frame structure due to self weight, dead loads and live loads, and verified for wind and seismic loads. Most of wind energy, approximately 90% are absorbed by turbines, even during design wind speeds which might be several hundreds KM/h in some countries. That because the wide range of operational wind speeds of small HAWT and VAWT. Most of the times, design wind speed is less than cut-out speed of the wind turbines and effects of wind might be negligible. 
     The structure  3  includes a plurality of small exterior platforms  23  extending outwardly from each interior platform  21  past the outer frame  7  and about the outer frame  7 . An exterior platform  23  is preferably to be centrally located between each pair of adjacent columns  9  about the outer periphery of each interior platform  21 . The exterior platforms  23  are preferably vertically aligned over the height of the tower  1 . A wind turbine  25  is mounted on each exterior platform  23 . The wind turbine  25  shown is a known horizontal axis wind turbine but it can also be a known vertical axis wind turbine. The turbine  25  has a width slightly less than the width between two adjacent columns  9  in the outer frame  7  and has a height slightly less than the height between adjacent floors  19 . 
     Each turbine  25  is mounted on track means for movement between an operating position on the outer end of its exterior platform,  23  and an inoperative, servicing position on the interior platform  21  near the outer frame  7 . The track means, as shown in  FIGS. 5 ,  6  and  7 , can comprise a lower track  31  extending radially outwardly from the interior platform  21  to near the outer end of the exterior platform  23 . The track means includes an upper track  33  overlying the bottom track  31 . Both tracks can be made from a wide flange steel I beam or steel T beam. The tracks are welded to secondary or/and main beams in both the interior and exterior platforms. The upper track  33  for example could be attached to the bottom of a cross beam  17  which supports the adjacent upper interior platform  21 A and adjacent upper exterior platform  23 A as shown in  FIG. 7 . 
     The turbine  25 , shown as a horizontal axis turbine, is mounted on a vertical stationary axel  35  which has track guides  37 ,  39  at its lower and upper ends  41 ,  43  cooperating with the lower and upper tracks  31 ,  33  respectively to guide the movement of the turbine between the operative and inoperative positions. The track guides  37 ,  39  can comprise short channel sections welded horizontally on the top and bottom of the axel  35 , the guides  37 ,  39  fitting snugly and able to move smoothly over the tracks  31 ,  33 . A maintenance frame  42  is connected to the ends of the stationary axel  35  of the turbine for use in moving the turbine between operative and inoperative positions. The frame  49  has parallel upper and lower horizontal arms  45 ,  47  rigidly connected at one end to a vertical post  49 . The other ends of the arms  45 ,  47  are connected to the top and bottom of the axel  35  by short tubes  51 ,  53 . The other ends of the arms  45 ,  47  can be pivotally connected to the tubes  51 ,  53  if desired. The other ends of the arms  45 ,  47  can also be rigidly fastened to the track guides  37 ,  39  if it is desired to connect the track guides indirectly to the axel  35 . The maintenance frame  42  can be used to manually or mechanically pull the turbine  25  back from the exterior platform  23  onto the interior platform  21  for servicing, sliding it along the upper and lower tracks  31 ,  33 , and then returning it along the tracks to its operative position on the exterior platform  23  after servicing. The vertical post  49  can have handles to be able to manually pull the maintenance frame  42  and thus the turbine  25  on the tracks  31 ,  33 . 
     Locking means are provided for locking the turbine  25  in an operative position. The locking means, as shown in  FIG. 7 , can comprise top and bottom locks  54  connecting the rear of the maintenance frame  42  to the top and bottom cross beams  17  or main beams  13 . The top and bottom locks are the same so only one will be described in detail. The top lock  54  comprises first aligned plates  55  fixed to the sides of cross beam  17  and a second plate  57  fixed to the ends of post  49  and aligned with plates  55 . Plates  55  each have a threaded bolt hole (not shown). Second plate  57  has a slot (not shown) aligned with the bolt hole in each first plate  55 . Bolts  59  are passed through the aligned slots in plate  57  and threaded though the holes in first plates  55 . A nut  61  can be placed on each bolt to retain it in position. The bolts  59  are tightened to move the maintenance frame  42  and thus the turbine  25  tight against stop plates  63  on the cross beams  17  at the end of the tracks  31  and  33  to securely lock the turbine in the operative position. The bolts are removed to allow the turbine to be moved back off the exterior platform for servicing. 
     Each interior platform  21  is wide enough, 8-25 m, to allow a vehicle mounted crane  65  to be driven about the platform to replace or service individual turbines. The platform  21  preferably has at least one traffic lane  67 , as shown in  FIG. 1A , adjacent the inner frame  5  in the close cross section frame structure and adjacent the middle of the interior platform  21  in the open cross-section or serpentine frame structure in the wind turbine station, for use by the vehicle  65  with servicing space  69  adjacent the traffic lane  67  for receiving the turbine when it is moved back from the exterior platform for servicing, and with track space  71  for the guide tracks  31 ,  33  for the turbines to move on the outer portion of the interior platform adjacent the outer frame  7 . Each interior platform  21  has a first ramp  73  adjacent its inner side leading up to the platform above and a second ramp  75  adjacent its inner side and spaced from the first ramp  73 , leading down to the platform below. This will allow the vehicle carrying a crane to service turbines on a number of floors in the tower. 
     Passenger elevators  77  and freight elevators  79  can be provided in the tower passing through the interior platforms  21  or adjacent the inner edge of the platforms. The freight elevators  79  are about 5×10 m. with about 10 metric ton capacity sufficient to carry a truck mounted crane or a complete wind turbine for installation, or steel beams and columns. The elevators are built simultaneously with the frame structure construction, so they can be used during the construction stage to supply construction materials to the platforms. The passenger elevators  77  have capacity to lift about 20 people at a time to their corresponding platforms where they work to monitor operation and maintain the wind turbines. 
     Each turbine  25 , in the operative position, rotated by the wind, generates electricity through a generator  81  on the turbine, where the electricity fluctuates with wind speeds and varies considerably over time. The electricity generated is conducted via a conductor (not shown) common to all the turbines vertically aligned in one column to the base  83  of the tower. Preferably, the electricity is conducted to a hydrogen unit  85  which includes known inverters, transformers; electrolizers filled with electrolyte, pure water tanks, hydrogen purifiers, hydrogen storage tanks, fuel cell generators and pressurized pumps as is known. The hydrogen unit  85  provides a consistent electrical supply with stable electricity characteristics of frequency, current and potential. Alternatively, if the electricity is generated with aimed fixed frequency as known, the electricity can be directly connected to an electrical grid. Moving core of the generator  81 , with or without a gear box, transfers motion from the rotating axel of the turbine  25  to the electricity generator  81 . There is no necessity to have a high speed axel to increase the frequency of generated electricity if the generated electricity will be used for hydrolysis. That reduces wear and tear, maintenance costs of the generators and fabrication costs. 
     Each turbine also has a nacelle  86  covering the generator  81 . The nacelle  86  is mounted on the middle of a stationary axel  35 , on top of a steel base plate  87  welded to middle of the stationary axel  35 . The top of the nacelle is connected to the top part of the stationary axel with a pipe connection  88  which is threaded from inside and can be loosened to free the bottom of the top part of stationary axel. The nacelle  86  is fixed in place on the steel base plate  87 , the bottom part of the top stationary axel can be inserted in the hole located at the top of the nacelle, as the bottom art of the stationary axel above the nacelle, is little shorter than the distance between bottom point of the stationary axel top part and the bottom of the nacelle hole. The minimum length of the pipe connection  88  is generally 5″-8″ (125 mm-200 mm) As known, the yaw system of a nacelle directs the blades towards wind and can be active or passive depending on the chosen individual turbines. 
       FIGS. 8-12  show the tower with vertical axis wind turbines  91 . Each turbine  91  has a rotatable, vertical post  93  rotatably mounted about a stationary axle  35 . Top and bottom bearings rotatably mount the post  93  on the axle  35 . The post  93  carries curved vanes  95 . The stationary axle  35  is connected to the lower and upper tracks  31 ,  33  on the exterior platform  23  and the interior platform  21  as above using track guides  37 ,  39  fixed to the ends of the axle  35  and mounted over the tracks. A maintenance frame  42  is connected to the ends of the stationary axle  35  and locking means  54  are provided for locking the frame  42  and thus the turbine  91  tight against stop means on the ends of the tracks  31 ,  33 . The locking means can be unlocked and the turbine moved for servicing along the tracks  31 ,  33  from the exterior platform to the interior platform. The turbine  91  is generally sized to fit between adjacent columns  9  in the exterior frame  7  and between adjacent beams  13  in the frame  7  as shown in  FIG. 12 . Rotation of the turbine by the wind while on the exterior platform will generate electricity in a generator  96  at the bottom of the post  93  and known means will transmit the electricity electrical cables run from top to bottom of the structure  83  to electrolizers at the base of the tower. 
       FIGS. 13-15 . show the tower  101  being of a serpentine shape. The open frame structure  103  has at least two alternating half loops of the frames  5 ,  7 . The first half loop  109  has a first convex outer frame section  111  forming half a circle or polygon and a first concave inner frame section  113  spaced from the first outer frame section  111  also forming a half a circle or polygon. The frame sections  111  and  113  are connected by mainly main  13  and cross beams  17  (not shown). A series of vertically spaced apart interior platforms  114  in the shape of a wide, flat half ring connected to the main and cross beams and form the floors in the structure. Turbines are mounted on exterior platforms extending outwardly, preferably from both the first convex outer frame section  111 , and interior section  113 . Exterior platforms extend outwardly from each interior platform  114  and track means extend over each exterior platform and part of the associated interior platform so a turbine can be moved between an operating position on the exterior platform and a servicing position on the interior platform. The second half loop  115  is connected at one end to the end of the first half loop  109  and has a second convex outer frame section  117  forming a half circle or polygon, facing in the opposite direction of the first convex outer frame section  111  of the first half loop  109 . The second half loop  115  includes a second concave inner frame section  119  spaced from the second convex outer frame section  117  and also forms a half circle or polygon. The frame sections  117  and  119  are connected by mainly main  13  and cross beams  17 , (not shown). Another set of vertically spaced apart interior platform  120  in the shape of a wide, flat, half ring connected to the main and cross beams along the half loop  115 . The interior platforms  120  are aligned with the interior platforms  114  and connected to them. Turbines are mounted, preferably, on both exterior platforms facing outwardly from the second convex outer frame section  117  and from concave interior fame section  119 . The second convex outer frame section  117  is connected to the end of the first concave inner frame section  113  and the second concave inner frame section  119  is connected to the end of the first convex outer frame section  111 . The pattern is repeated for the length of the structure. Both ends of the structure can be anchored with cables  121 . The cables  121  are usually steel cables or carbon fiber cables and can be fixed to ground from one end of a corner column at a level higher than middle of the height of an open frame structure unit. The cables  121  usually fix 2 end corners of the serpentine tower, each corner fixed with 2 cables which make normally 90 degrees between each other. The unit can have a height from 200-1000 m, diameter 50-500 m and length varies 1-10 half loops. Each interior platform  21  is wide enough, 8-25 m, to allow a vehicle mounted crane  65  to be driven about the platform to replace or service individual turbines. The interior platforms  114  and  120  each has preferably at least one traffic lane  104 , as shown in  FIG. 15 , in the middle of the platform to use by the vehicle  65  with servicing space  110  adjacent the traffic lane  104  for receiving the turbine when it is moved back from the exterior platform for servicing, and with track space  112  for the tracks  31 ,  33  on the outer portion of the interior platform adjacent the outer frame  7  or inner frame  5 . Each interior platform  114  and  120  has preferably both first ramp  106  leading up to the platform above and a second ramp  108  spaced from the first ramp  106  and leading down to the platform below. 
     The simple way to build a tower is to use several truck mounted cranes  65  on the ground floor to build the first floor including, columns, beams and interior platform  21  and install freight elevators  79  and passenger elevators  77  simultaneously from the ground floor to the first floor. Then finish building the first floor internal platform  21  and external platforms  23  by moving the cranes  65  to the first floor platform  21  by the ramps  73  that connects ground floor to the first floor  21  and using the elevators which built up to 1 st  floor to move the construction materials, from the ground floor to the 1 st  floor. Then building the columns, beams and internal platform of the second floor and extending the elevators to the second floor. The cranes  65  can move up to the second floor via ramps connecting the first floor to the second floor to complete the second floor and to build the third floor. Then those steps are repeated until the end of the tower. Construction materials are lifted to the floors as the internal platforms are completed, by freight elevators  79 . The exterior platforms  23  are pre-made or are built on site, then installed using four lifting rings  87 , cranes  65  to weld it to the main beams  13  or cross beams  17  by using at least 4 steel plates connect between the top and bottom the beams  13  and cross beams  17  if needed and top and bottom of the exterior platform. 2 or more plates at the top and two or more at the bottom of the platform common edges with the outer frame beams  13 . Wind turbine  25  or  91  installation can be started after construction cranes move two or three floors ahead and by using several other truck mounted cranes  65  and the freight elevators  79 . Installation of the hydrogen units  85  can be started after finishing construction of ground floor and first floor. Electrical work might be started when part of the electrolyzers  85 , and hydrogen storage tanks which have total capacity proportional to the capacity of installed wind turbines  25  or  91  which are ready to operate. Electricity might start to be generated from this stage, including generating hydrogen, storing it under pressure and starting fuel cell generators to run and supply electricity to grid or/and for construction processes. The inventors, prove theoretically that if know small HAWT and VAWT have similar efficiency, with utility HAWT in a 6 m/sec (13.4 mph) average wind speed environment, and for 4 m/sec (8.95 mph) cut in speed for all turbines, and 12 m/sec (26.84 mph) rating wind speed of utility HAWT, the small HAWT and VAWT will be give 11% more output that the utility wind turbines. 
     The higher the average wind speed, the greater the output ratio 
               E   SmallH       E   LargeH           
which increases to about 3.0 for 12 m/sec and to 50.0 for 30 m/sec average wind speeds which available at certain heights. The proof example is illustrated in  FIGS. 16 and 17  graphs. This is proved by integrating areas under energy graphs in  FIG. 17 .  FIG. 17  shows that total harvested energy in long term such as a year is:
 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 Utility 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                     
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 HAWT 
               
               ⇒ 
               
                 E 
                 LargeH 
               
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   E 
                   tot 
                 
                 
                   E 
                   6 
                 
               
               = 
               
                 1.69 
                 ⇒ 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Average real expected harvested energy in one year period=1.69×E 6 ×0.30=0.507 E 6   
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 Small 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                     
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 HAWT 
               
               ⇒ 
               
                 E 
                 SmallH 
               
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   E 
                   tot 
                 
                 
                   E 
                   6 
                 
               
               = 
               
                 1.88 
                 ⇒ 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Average real expected harvested energy in one year period=1.88×E 6 ×0.30=0.564 E 6   
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 E 
                 SmallH 
               
               
                 E 
                 LargeH 
               
             
             = 
             
               
                 0.564 
                 0.507 
               
               = 
               1.11 
             
           
         
       
     
     Where: E6 is average harvested energy assuming wind speed is constant and equal to annual average wind speed 6 m/sec. 
     The reason for the higher output is that HAWT has smaller tip speeds proportional to the ratio of rotor diameters. Giant or utility HAWT reach their cut-off speed for 10-12 m/sec, and cut-out speed at 25-40 m/sec which means part if wind energy is not cultivated by large wind turbine while small HAWT cut-off speed is generally higher than 175 m/sec which means maximizing wind energy cultivation. Fluctuation in wind energy generated electricity supplied to electrolyzers affects short term generated quantities of hydrogen which pumped to hydrogen tank storages which are either pressurized, liquefied, or temporarily combined with other known solid or liquid materials. However, total quantity of generated hydrogen, in a long term such as a year, is affected mainly by annual average wind speed in the wind turbine site, and related to consumption demand average and fluctuation and capacity of the wind turbine station. Capacity of hydrogen storage is estimated by calculating a relative energy ratio of monthly need or excess to average generated energy, E i /E ave , where E i  (KWH) is monthly consumed energy which exceeds demand or energy needed to be supplied from stored hydrogen to meet average demand. This ratio depends on actual existing or predicted consumption charts, where E ave (KWH) is monthly average demand that equals monthly average generated electricity by fuel cells. Then calculate relative cumulative energy ratio. Then total energy required to be stored in hydrogen is the difference between largest positive excess and largest absolute negative number in the cumulative chart.  FIG. 20  shows that 0.90 E ave +0.06 E ave =0.96 E ave . The hydrogen tanks should have capacity to store hydrogen needed to generate 0.96 E ave  in order to have supply consistent with demand all year around in the chosen site in the example. Then hydrogen storage weight can be calculated by dividing 0.96 E ave  by normally known 36 kwh that is medium Hydrogen Heating Value. Then required stored Hydrogen weight (Kg H 2 )=0.96×E ave /[36(KWH/Kg)×0.41]=0.0678×0.96 E ave =0.65 E ave (KWH). Where, 0.41 is efficiency factor of fuel cells. The Hydrogen weight can be converted to a volume capacity according to the pressure used in storage or liquefaction technique. In addition, monthly average consumption of energy equals to monthly regular generated electricity by the wind station which is: E ave =E avew ×0.61×0.41 where E avew  is average monthly generated fluctuating electricity, 0.61 is efficiency of electrolysis process, 0.41 is efficiency of fuel cells. 
     The wind turbine station can also mass produce hydrogen for industrial purposes, and for transportation. In addition, using wind station reduces heavy burdens of managing wind electricity output balance that is normally very difficult and costly with current state of the art wind turbines. 
     The wind turbine station provides the following improvements over the current wind energy.
         a) Increases operational height up to 2000 m, wherein wind speed increases considerably.   b) Higher capacity up to 1000 MW of regular, not fluctuating electricity generated in a 6 m/sec average wind speed at 10 m height environment.   c) Allows large capacity wind turbine station to be built very close to urban areas. This is the reason why it&#39;s first named Economical Urban Wind Turbine Station for Continuous Electricity Generation.   d) Supply wind electricity consistent with demand and has constant current, frequency and potential.   e) Smaller volumetric size in comparison with totally built same shape and size building which highly increases stiffness and reduces costs.   f) Wind turbine station allows continuous maintenance or more operational hours and higher efficiency.   g) Reduces noise from HAWT wherein small wind turbines have lower tip speeds at greater heights.   h) Decreases hundred times horizontal land space required for 1 MW which further reduces electricity costs and adverse social impact on wind energy and makes wind energy more competitive.   i) Reduces costs of generating wind energy several times than utility wind turbines.   j) Produce hydrogen on large scale for industry uses and with cheaper costs.   k) There is no need to have normal constant frequency of wind generator output when electricity is supplied to hydrogen units to generate hydrogen. Then there is no need for gears which further reduce electricity costs and elongate the generator life cycle.   l) Reduces environmental impact on birds because small HAWT and VAWT turbines which have small tip speeds are by far less dangerous to birds.       

     To avoid incidental crashes with air crafts, known flashing warning lights are installed around the exterior tower frame  7  and along height. 
     A known lightning protection system is installed to save staff in the wind turbine station.