Abstract:
An apparatus, system and method is provided for injecting a fluid additive into a viscous fluid food flow stream. A fluid additive injector device is utilized to inject the fluid additive which has structure to prevent or minimize the amount of fluid additive that contacts or pools along the periphery of the fluid food flow stream. A fluid additive delivery system is provided to deliver equal amounts of fluid additive to a plurality of fluid additive injectors using a single pump without adjustable flow control apparatus.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to introducing a fluid additive into a relatively more viscous fluid particularly when the fluid is a food composition extrudate. Specifically, in one aspect, the present invention relates to dividing a fluid food extrudate mass flow into a plurality of subflows each traveling through their own corresponding passageway. Each subflow is then cross-sectionally partitioned wherein a fluid additive is dispersed throughout each subflow. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Food products are commonly in some type of fluid form during and/or after processing. Extruders are often used to process various types of food products. Extruders are desirable because they can produce a large amount of a fluid food, which may be a food dough, for example, and more specifically a cooked food cereal dough in a short period of time. Moreover, it is advantageous to divide the fluid food extrudate or other mass food flow into a multiplicity of extrudate subflows by splitting the mass flow and directing these extrudate subflows into and through a plurality of corresponding separate passageways. This enables each extrudate substream to be further manipulated and processed. For example, an additive injection device can then incorporated into each passageway thereby enabling a suitable type and quantity of fluid additive to be introduced into the extrudate subflow. Additives can be introduced to enhance the flavor, color or texture of the final food product. Thus, either a single food product with one or more desired characteristics (i.e., a ready-to-eat cereal of a desired color or with an assortment of differently flavored and/or colored pieces, for example) or a variety of distinct food products (i.e., an array of distinct snack foods derived from the common extrudate mass flow) can be produced by dividing the extrudate mass flow into subflows. 
     However, obtaining a desired degree of mixing or a homogenous mixture after introducing a fluid additive into a relatively viscous fluid food extrudate subflow or other fluid food product is troublesome. Typical food dough extrudates may have a viscosity in the range of from about 200,000 to 1,000,000 centipoise, for example. Upon introduction into a fluid food extrudate, a typically less viscous fluid additive (such as a colorant or flavorant) has a tendency to migrate to the exterior periphery of the extrudate where the additive tends to pool without blending with the food extrudate. This pooling at the extrudate&#39;s periphery prevents adequate blending of the additive throughout the extrudate mass by static mixers or other mixers located downstream from the additive injection point leaving undesirable pockets or areas of relatively high additive concentration in the extrudate mass. 
     Dividing a fluid food extrudate mass flow into subflows and subsequently introducing a fluid food additive has inherent shortcomings in addition to pooling or insufficient mixing. Introducing an additive injection device into the cross-sectional flow of the extrudate substream can substantially increase the pressure drop along the length of the passageway where the injection device is present. This increases the overall resistance in the system. When the original extrudate mass flow is divided into a plurality or many subflows, each travelling through a corresponding separate passageway, the additional energy required to drive the highly viscous fluid food extrudate to system&#39;s end can be substantial. Moreover, providing an independent additive supply for each additive injection device incorporated within each passageway makes it difficult to obtain a uniform introduction of additive in each of a plurality of extrudate subflow passageways. 
     A need exists to more uniformly introduce the same amount of additive across a plurality of food extrudate subflows travelling through separate passageways. A need also exists to more effectively reduce pooling when additive is introduced. Finally, a need exists for an additive injector device that can be easily and readily cleaned and/or sanitized. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     To avoid peripheral pooling, fluid additives are introduced by inserting an additive injector into the passageway perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fluid food extrudate subflow. This partitions the subflow mass prior to the introduction of the additive. Splitting or partitioning has the advantage of reducing the amount of static mixing required to blend the additive in the passageway which consequently lowers the overall pressure drop of the device. In this configuration, the additive is dispersed in the center of the extrudate mass subflow thereby offsetting the tendency of the additive to migrate and pool on the extrudate&#39;s outer periphery. 
     In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for injecting a fluid additive into a viscous fluid food flow stream is provided. The apparatus includes a passageway having an interior and an exterior, including an interior wall, which passageway is suitable to accommodate a fluid food flow, which may be a cooked cereal dough, for example, or other material, through the interior of the passageway. Structure is disposed in the passageway for injecting a fluid additive into the fluid food flow in the passageway. The structure in accordance with the invention for injecting the fluid additive can be streamlined to minimize the pressure drop across the injecting structure. In addition, the injecting device may include structure to preventing fluid injected by the injector from contacting the interior wall of the passageway. Such action prevents unwanted pooling or accumulation of additive fluid at the outer portions of the fluid food stream, which can result in an unacceptable or undesirable product. 
     The fluid additive can be any fluid additive as desired, and may include a colorant, flavor, food supplement or any other desired fluid food additive. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the structure for injecting the fluid additive into the relatively viscous fluid food stream includes a fluid additive manifold located within the passageway, which manifold may be mounted within the passageway. The manifold may be contained within an annular body or other shaped body or portion thereof as desired. A plurality of elongated ribs extend from the manifold and extend transversely across at least a portion of the passageway. Each of the ribs may have a downstream surface and a streamlined upstream surface to minimize pressure loss across the injector device. Generally, the manifold will have an internal fluid additive supply channel, with each of the ribs having an internal fluid additive or extending along an axial length of the rib that is in fluid communication with the channel and with the interior of the passageway. Communication between the channel and the interior of the passageway is achieved through a suitably configured aperture located along a central portion of the downstream portion of the rib and spaced transversely from the interior wall of the passageway. The aperture may be configured as an elongated slot. 
     Downstream-extending fins can be located between the interior wall of the passageway and the ends of the aperture or slot aperture. Typically, a pair of such fins will be provided for each elongated slot aperture for preventing fluid injected through the opening or slot and into the viscous fluid food flow within the passageway from contacting the interior wall of the passageway. In this manner, unwanted pooling or accumulation of the fluid additive along the wall of the passageway is prevented. Such pooling or migration to the interior wall of the passageway is undesirable because it is very difficult to properly mix, thereby creating undesirable concentrations of the additive fluid in such areas. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the passageways in the fluid injector device are straight and have an exterior line of sight access to permit such passages to be readily cleaned. This is particularly advantageous for various types of food materials that become hardened and have a strong adherence to metal parts, including cooked and dried cereal dough. 
     Preferably, the ratio of the interior diameter of the passageway to fin width is in the range of from about 6 to about 10 and the ratio of the interior diameter of the passageway to the fin length is in the range of from about 3 to about 15. 
     Typically, the ribs have an internal passageway or bore that extends along an axial length of each rib that is relatively large in volume compared with the area of the aperture through which the fluid additive can be injected into the passageway. Such an arrangement facilitates the relatively uniform discharge of fluid throughout the length of the aperture or apertures located in the rib. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a system is provided for dispersing a fluid additive into a relatively viscous fluid food flow stream. The system comprises a passageway having an interior and an exterior and including an interior wall. The passageway is suitable to accommodate a fluid food flow through the interior of the passageway. A fluid additive injection device is associated in an operative relation with the interior of the passageway for injecting a fluid additive into a fluid food flow in the passageway. The fluid additive injection device includes a fluid additive manifold, a plurality of elongated ribs extending from the manifold and which extend transversely across at least a portion of the passageway. The manifold has an internal fluid additive supply channel and each of the ribs has an internal fluid additive bore extending along an axial length of the rib in fluid communication with the channel and with the interior of the passageway through a rib aperture preferably located along a central portion of the downstream surface of the rib, face or portion, which aperture is spaced transversely from the interior wall of the passageway. A fluid additive supply source is in fluid communication with the fluid additive manifold. A pump is provided for supplying a constant amount of fluid additive from the supply source to the manifold without utilizing a flow control valve. This can be accomplished in a number of ways, including utilizing piping of equal length and diameter from the pump to each of a plurality of injection devices that may be utilized. Finally, a fluid food mixer is disposed in the passageway downstream of the food additive injection device for mixing the additive to a desired degree. In accordance with the present invention, incomplete mixing is contemplated to provide a swirled or marbled effect or varied concentration of the fluid food additive, which may be a colorant. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a fluid food flow stream, which may be obtained from the outlet of a food extruder, is directed to the system in accordance with the invention which can include structure for splitting the main flow stream into a plurality of substreams for further processing, including the introduction of a desired fluid additive. In connection with this aspect of the invention, a plurality of passageways can be provided with each passageway having one of the fluid additive injection devices. Structure is provided for supplying an equal amount of the fluid additive to each of the additive injection devices without a flow control valve or other adjustable flow control structure or mechanism. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the structure for supplying the fluid additive to each of the additive injection devices includes a piping system and a single pump. The piping system is in fluid communication with each of the manifolds of the fluid additive injection devices, including a separate delivery pipe to each manifold, with the piping system being configured so that the flow rate of the fluid additive at a given pump output is the same to each manifold. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a plurality of passageways, each containing a fluid additive injection device, is provided, which may be an even number of passageways with a separate pump and piping system supplying a single pair of fluid additive injection devices. 
     In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, a method of injecting a fluid additive into a relatively viscous fluid food stream traveling in a passageway is provided. The passageway has an interior wall in which the injected fluid additive avoids contact on the interior wall of the passageway. In accordance with the method, a fluid additive injection device is provided and associated in operative relation with the passageway for injecting the fluid additive into the fluid food flow. The injection device can be as previously described and may include a fluid additive manifold, a plurality of elongated ribs extending from the manifold and which extend transversely across at least a portion of the passageway. The manifold may have an internal fluid additive supply channel, with each of the ribs having an internal fluid additive bore that extends along an axial length of the rib in fluid communication with the channel and with the interior of the passageway through a rib aperture located along a central portion of the downstream portion of the rib and spaced transversely from the interior wall of the passageway. In addition, a pair of elongated fins may be associated with each rib and disposed between the interior wall and the end of a rib aperture, which fins extend downstream of their respective rib for preventing fluid injected through the slot from the manifold and into the passageway from contacting or pooling along the interior wall of the passageway. The method further includes passing the relatively viscous fluid food through the passageway and injecting a fluid additive into the fluid additive injection device, through the rib apertures of the injection device and into the viscous fluid food, the fins preventing the fluid additive from contacting or pooling along the wall of the passageway. 
     In addition, the present invention provides for a system and method of introducing a uniform amount of additive across a plurality of subflow passageways. A positive displacement pump capable of generating pressure in excess of each subflow passageway is connected between the additive source and each additive injection cartridge located in the subflow passageways. Tubing or piping between the pump and each subflow passageway may include a suitable restriction or fixed diameter for adjusting the pressure drop between the pump and each additive injection cartridge. For example, a narrow diameter tube diameter could be used to connect the pump to a subflow passageway that is located closer to the pump than another subflow passageway located further from the pump wherein a wider diameter tube or pipe could be used to connect the pump to the longer subflow passageway. Consequently, the additive flow rate into each additive injection cartridge can be uniform without a flow control valve. This ensures that the amount of additive dispersed throughout each extrudate subflow is the same, thereby producing a uniform food product yield from the plurality of subflow passageways. 
     Alternatively, the fluid additive delivery system can consist of a relatively large diameter pipe that supplies the individual injector cartridges. Preferably, any piping that connects the large diameter pipe with the individual injector cartridge is of relatively the same length and diameter. 
     Alternatively, when a uniform additive blend across all extrudate subflows is not desired, one embodiment of the present invention provides for a plurality of pumps wherein the number of pumps is at most one less than the number of subflow passageways. Here, the pressure drop across each additive injection cartridge need not be uniform. With this arrangement, one pump can provide additive to two or more subflow passageways. Thus, different additives may be introduced to different subflow passageways or varying amounts of the same additive may be introduced to different subflow passageways. 
     The present invention further provides for an additive injection cartridge that uniformly disperses additive throughout each corresponding extrudate subflow. The additive injection cartridge may be disk-shaped and partitions the extrudate subflow by means of a plurality of parallel ribs which are positioned perpendicular to the direction of the extrudate subflow in each passageway. In a preferred embodiment, the upstream surface of each rib comes to a point wherein the apex of the point partitions the oncoming subflow. This apex reduces the friction between the ribs and the subflow during partitioning, thereby assisting to reduce the pressure drop across the additive injection cartridge. 
     Another aspect of the invention provides fins on the downstream surface of each rib. These fins are important in restricting the migration or flow of the additive fluid to the exterior of the food stream before the extrudate-additive combination reaches the static mixers. 
     According to a further aspect of the present invention, bores within the ribs extend through the disk with orifices on each end. This allows for easy maintenance and cleaning of the rib interior. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a sectional side view of an apparatus for adding a fluid additive into a viscous fluid food stream in accordance with the invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a sectional plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 along line  2 — 2 ; 
     FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram for injection of a fluid additive; 
     FIG. 4 is an alternative schematic flow diagram for injection of a fluid additive; 
     FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a fluid additive injector device in accordance with the invention; 
     FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the injector device along line  6 — 6  of FIG. 5; 
     FIG. 7 is a rear elevation view, partly in section, of the injector device of FIG. 5; 
     FIG. 8 is a front elevation view of the injector device of FIG. 5; 
     FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the injector device along line  9 — 9  of FIG. 7; 
     FIG. 10 is a fragmentary sectional view of the injector device along line  10 — 10  of FIG. 8; and 
     FIG. 11 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the portion of the injector device shown in FIG.  10 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring now to the drawings generally, and in particular to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a food processing device  10  in accordance with the present invention. Device  10  is ideally suited for processing cooked cereal dough, which is typically a relatively viscous fluid. Such doughs typically are in the viscosity range of from about 200,000 to about 1,000,000 centipoise. The dough is processed to form a ready to eat (RTE) cereal. 
     Upstream of device  10  is an extruder cooker (not shown) of standard construction. Such devices are well known in the art. The extruder cooker produces a viscous, plastic cooked cereal dough which is fed to food processing device  10 . 
     Food processing device  10  includes an adapter plate  12  for interfacing device  10  with the extruder cooker, an inlet transition plate  14 , a fluid additive, injector cartridge flange  16 , fluid additive injector cartridge  18 , a static mixer assembly  20 , an outlet transition plate  22 , breaker plates  24  and a die plate  26 . A suitable cutter assembly (not shown) can be utilized downstream of die plate  26  to divide the extruded food as it exits die plate  26  into desired lengths which may be subjected to further processing, such as formation into flakes, sheets or puffed pieces. 
     Inlet transition plate  14  provides a constricted diameter for fluid food leaving the extruder cooker at the inlet to food processing device  10 . A constricted diameter increases the pressure in food stream  5  which in this embodiment is split into six food substreams  5 ′, as indicated by arrows A, for ease of processing, in which the streams  5 ′ travel in the direction indicated by arrows B in FIG.  1 . The split into six streams  5 ′ occurs as the fluid food dough travels into fluid additive cartridge flange  16 . Flange  16  includes a center cone section  28  which facilitates the flow of dough into the six separate substreams  5 ′, helping to prevent the formation of any void spaces. 
     Inlet transition plate  14  is secured to adapter plate  12  by means of a suitable fastener, which may be threaded fasteners  30 . Similarly, inlet transition plate  14 , fluid additive cartridge flange  16 , static mixer assembly  20 , transition plate  22  and die plate  26  are also secured together, as illustrated in FIG. 1 by means of suitable fasteners such as threaded fasteners  32 ,  34  and  36 . 
     Fluid additive cartridge flange  16  is disc-shaped and includes recesses  38  adapted for mounting fluid additive injector cartridges  18  therein, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. A fluid additive supply line  40  is provided for each injector cartridge  18 . Supply lines  40  in flange  16  are preferably straight to readily permit cleaning, which may include cleaning by drilling or boring through any accumulated material or residue in supply lines  40 . Flange  16  defines six passageways  42  in conjunction with injector cartridge  18  and static mixer assembly  20 . 
     Static mixer assembly  20  is composed of an elongated tubular structure  44  in which is disposed static mixer flights  46 , shown schematically in FIG.  1 . Tubular structure  44  is jacketed with jacket  48  to permit heating or cooling as desired with an appropriate fluid through inlet ports  50  and outlet port  52 . A sufficient length of mixer flights  46  are provided to achieve the desired degree of mixing for a particular product, which may range from light mixing to complete mixing. Less than complete mixing can produce a marbled or swirled effect, which can be an appearance (if colorant is utilized as the fluid additive) and/or a concentration gradient. Assembly  20  also includes appropriate mounting flanges  54  and  56 . 
     Mounted at the discharge end  20 ′ of mixer assembly  20  is transition plate  22 , which slightly expands passageways  42  from an upstream to downstream direction. The mixed fluid food with the injected fluid additive then travels through breaker plate  24  which is composed of a plurality of apertures, after which the fluid food travels through die plate  26  for division into individual lengths or ropes, which can then be divided into discrete lengths or pellets, to be processed further as desired, such as by flaking, sheeting or puffed pieces. 
     Referring to FIGS. 5-11, various aspects of fluid additive injector cartridge  18  are illustrated in detail. Cartridge  18  includes a fluid additive manifold  58  which is a straight bore having an external line of sight access  58 ′ to readily permit cleaning such as by boring or drilling, for example. Manifold  58  is aligned with its respective fluid additive supply line  40  in cartridge flange  16 . Such alignment is facilitated by locator pins or dowels  60  in cartridge  18  and complementary holes (not shown) of recess  38  of flange  16 , so that when cartridge  18  is in position as shown in FIG. 1 in flange  16 , pins  60  are contained in the complementary holes of flange  16 . 
     Injector cartridge  18  may have an annular body  62  in which manifold  58  is located. Grooves  64  and  66  extend around the outer periphery of annular body  62  to contain O-rings  68  and thereby provide a fluid-tight seal when mounted in flange  16  as hereinafter described. 
     A plurality of ribs  70 ,  72 ,  74  and  76  extend from one side of the annular opening to the other as shown in FIGS. 5, and  7 - 9 . Each rib has a longitudinally extending bore  78 ,  80 ,  82  and  84 , respectively, each of which communicates with manifold  58  and extends through the opposite side of annular body  62 , as shown in FIGS. 5-8. Bores  78 ,  80 ,  82  and  84  are straight and provide an external line of sight access where bores  78 ,  80 ,  82  and  84  extend through annular body  62  as shown in FIG. 5 to readily permit cleaning, including by drilling or boring, for example. O-rings  68  provide a fluid-tight seal to prevent any fluid in bores  78 ,  80 ,  82  and  84  from entering passageway  42  when injector cartridges  18  are installed in cartridge flange  16 . 
     Ribs  70 ,  72 ,  74  and  76  preferably have an upstream streamlined shape as shown in FIG. 6 so that a viscous fluid food (which may be a cereal dough) readily passes around and past ribs  70 ,  72 ,  74  and  76 . In this case, the streamlined shape is a wedge shape with the upstream leading edge  70 ′,  72 ′,  74 ′ and  76 ′ of ribs  70 ,  72 ,  74  and  76  being wedge-shaped having an angle of about 90°. For the illustrated embodiment and recited dimensions, the point of the wedge shape has a radius of curvature that is about 0.060 inches, as indicated by R in FIG.  10 . In addition, ribs  70 ,  72 ,  74  and  76  have a height H R  as shown in FIG. 10 of about 0.313 inches. 
     The downstream side of ribs  70 ,  72 ,  74  and  76  each have an elongated slot aperture  86 ,  88 ,  90  and  92 , respectively, that communicate with bores  78 ,  80 ,  82  and  84 , respectively. The volume of bores  78 ,  80 ,  82  and  84  is relatively large compared to the area of slot apertures  86 ,  88 ,  90  and  92 . 
     Each slot aperture  86 ,  88 ,  90  and  92  is elongated and extends longitudinally of respective rib  70 ,  72 ,  74  and  76 , and extends along a central portion of the downstream facing side of such ribs. In one embodiment, for an inner diameter annular body  62  of about 3 inches, each of slot apertures  86 ,  88 ,  90  and  92  is about 0.020 centimeters wide and the diameter of each of bores  78 ,  80 ,  82  and  84  is about 0.188 inches. Ribs  70 ,  72 ,  74  and  76  have a spacing therebetween of about 0.219 inches with the maximum spacing between end ribs  70  and  76  and the interior of annular body  62  as indicated by arrows C being about 0.472 inches. 
     Each rib  70 ,  72 ,  74  and  76  on the downstream side thereof has a pair of fins  94 ,  96 ,  98  and  100 , respectively, that extend downstream from the ribs and longitudinally of annular body  62  and thus of passageway  42  when mounted in food processing device  10 . 
     Preferably, each end of slot apertures  86 ,  88 ,  90  and  92  terminates about {fraction (3/32)} inch before each of fins  94 ,  96 ,  98  and  100 . 
     Fins  94 ,  96 ,  98  and  100  preferably are slightly curved and thus are concentric to inner diameter curvature  62 ′ of annular body  62 . In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 5-10, fins  94 ,  96 ,  98  and  100  have a width of about 0.375 inches as indicated by arrow D and a height from the tip of rib  72  where aperture  88  is located of about 0.25 inches, indicated by arrow H in FIG.  10 . Fins  94 ,  96 ,  98  and  100  should have sufficient thickness for the desired structural rigidity for the intended operating environment. 
     In addition, fins  94 ,  96 ,  98  and  100  are radially inwardly located approximately 0.20 inches from the inner surface of annular body  62 , for annular body  62  having a diameter of about 3 inches. 
     Fins  94 ,  96 ,  98  and  100  have a rectangular profile as shown in FIG. 10, which is preferred compared to other profile shapes, such as the triangular profile shown in FIG. 11, where like reference numerals represent like elements. The rectangular profile functions more effectively in keeping fluid injected out of bore  80  and slot aperture  88  from reaching the wall of passageway  42 . 
     Preferably, for the illustrated embodiment, the ratio of the interior diameter of passageway  42  (and also interior annular diameter of annular body  62 ) to fin width D is in the range of from about 6 to 10 and the ratio of passageway  42  diameter to fin length H is in the range of from about 8 to about 15, as shown in FIG.  10 . 
     Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, there is illustrated various fluid additive delivery systems in accordance with the invention. More specifically, a fluid additive delivery system  102  in FIG. 3 includes a pump and pump manifold  104  (shown schematically), piping segments  106   a-f , and six injector cartridges  18   a-f . Pump  104  preferably is a positive displacement pump to reduce the chance that fluid food in passageway  42  would travel into any of injector cartridges  18   a-f . In one embodiment, the length of piping segments  106   a-f  are of the same length, geometry and diameter, so that uniform fluid additive flow rates are achieved without the use of any flow control valves or other adjustable flow control devices. Alternatively, for different lengths of piping segments  106   a-f  longer segments can be of larger diameter, or shorter segments can be of smaller diameter or otherwise have fixed restrictions  108   a-e  therein to provide the same flow rate at a given pump output. 
     Alternatively, different flow rates may be provided by providing for different pressure drops between pump  104  and injectors  18   a-f  as desired without an adjustable flow control valve or other adjustable flow controller. 
     Referring to FIG. 4, an alternate fluid additive delivery system is illustrated composed of three pumps and pump manifolds  110   a-c , piping segments  112   a-f  and six injector cartridges  18   a-f . Each of pumps  110   a-c  supplies a fluid additive to two separate injector cartridges  18   a-f . The additive supplied by each pump may be the same or different as desired. Uniform or different flow rates can be provided as described with respect to FIG.  3 . 
     Referring to FIG. 2, an alternate fluid delivery system is illustrated in which a pump (not shown) supplies the additive fluid under a desired pressure to a relatively large diameter pipe  114  (shown in fragmentary view) which is used to supply each of fluid additive delivery lines  40 . Pipe  114  should preferably have a diameter of at least about two to four or more times the diameter of one of delivery lines  40 . 
     While the invention has been described with respect to certain preferred embodiments, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, it is to be understood that the invention is capable of numerous changes, modifications and rearrangements and such changes, modifications and rearrangements are intended to be covered by the following claims.