Abstract:
A method of defining, creating, or editing a graphical user interface panel file. The graphical user interface panel contains a plurality of nested graphical objects. According to the disclosed method the end-user opens a graphical user interface source code file and operates on an object that contains at least further nested object. For example, the nesting object may be a box, and the nested objects may be pushbuttons. The nested object file is a linked list that includes an object start identifier, an object end identifier, and included object pointers therebetween for the included objects. Each included object has an included object pointer. The enables the end-user to perform an operation on the object start identifier, which initiates a search for included objects having pointers between the object start identifier and the object end identifier. This allows the same operation to be performed on the included objects.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to end-user tools for defining, creating, and editing graphical user interfaces. More particularly, the invention relates to copying attributes of one graphical user interface panel into another graphical user interface panel. 
     The end-user opens a first graphical user interface file and identifies a target object, as a graphical object, to be copied. The target object is stored as a linked list with an object start identifier, an object end identifier, and pointers between the start and end identifiers corresponding to the object attributes. 
     The end user copies the source object start identifier, the object end identifier, the pointers for the objects attributes, and the code corresponding to the attributes to the target graphical user interface file. The copied graphical user interface code file is stored in a PBI file. 
     CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is related to the commonly assigned, copending, United States patent applications, filed on even date herewith: 
     1. Application of Robert P. Hoffmann, Jerry W. Malcolm, John D. Montgomery, and Steve S. Stone, for Graphical User Interface Including Dynamic Sizing and Spacing, [Attorney File Number EN8910511] Ser. No. 07/864,766 filed Apr. 7, 1992. 
     2. Application of John P. Barrett, Robert P. Hoffmann, and John D. Montgomery for Graphical User Interface Including Group Actions on What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) Editor, [Attorney File Number EN8910512] Ser. No. 07/864,732 filed Apr. 7, 1992. 
     3. Application of John D. Montgomery and Scott A. Sylvester for Graphical User Interface Including Integration of What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) Editor and Compiler, [Attorney File EN8910513] Ser. No. 07/864,767 filed Apr. 7, 1992. 
     4. Application of John P. Barrett, David M. Dapkiewicz, Robert P. Hoffmann, Jerry W. Malcolm, John Montgomery, and Scott A. Sylvester for Graphical User Interface Including User Control of What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) Editor Objects, [Attorney File EN8910514] Ser. No. 07/863,819 filed Apr. 6, 1992. 
     5. Application of John P. Barrett, Robert P. Hoffmann, and John D. Montgomery for Graphical User Interface Including Updating of Multiple Panels Using What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) Editor, [Attorney File EN8910515] Ser. No. 07/864,770 filed Apr. 7, 1992. 
     6. Application of Scott A. Sylvester for Graphical User Interface Including What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) Creation of Action Bar, [Attorney File EN8910516] Ser. No. 07/864,775 filed Apr. 7, 1992. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The user interface is the most visible part of a computer. It is the link between the application software and the end-user. Historically, user interfaces have been alpha-numeric character based user interfaces. 
     Graphical user interfaces utilize graphical objects to replace and/or supplement alpha-numeric user interfaces. In this way, graphical user interfaces enhance the end-user&#39;s and/or application programmer&#39;s productivity. 
     Graphical User Interfaces use graphical images to represent real world objects. A graphical user interface panel is shown in FIG. 1, denominated &#34;Prior Art.&#34; The Graphical User Interface, 1, of FIG. 1 has a plurality of graphical images, 11, 21, and 31. These graphical images, 11, 21, and 31, also called icons, are smaller then the display size. This gives the graphical user interface panel, 1, the ability to simultaneously display multiple &#34;windows&#34; of text, 41, and images, 11, 21, and 31, on the same physical display, 1. 
     Graphical User Interfaces have the ability to employ both graphical inputs and alphanumeric inputs. Exemplary graphical inputs include &#34;point and click&#34; devices, mice, touch panels, &#34;light pens,&#34; and the like. Exemplary alphanumeric inputs are keyboard inputs. 
     Graphical User Interfaces are more intuitive and easier to learn and use then keyboard alphanumeric inputs. This results in higher end-user productivity. 
     Notwithstanding their wide end-user acceptance and ease of use, graphical user interfaces have problems. Most significantly, Graphical User Interfaces are complex to program, i.e., they are difficult to define, create, and edit. Graphical user interface programming requires a high level of skill with a long learning curve. 
     Thus, a need exists for a Graphical User Interface editor that enables an end-user to define, create, or edit a Graphical User Interface. In order for an end-user to define, create, or edit a Graphical User Interface, the end-user needs the ability to use a What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get (WYSIWYG) editor and/or a text editor interchangeably and compile and save the resulting (edited or created) Graphical User Interface panel. This ability to define (create or revise a GUI panel) is lacking in the prior art. This is because the prior art graphical user interface editors do not maintain the integrity of the source file once manual updates are made with a text editor. 
     OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     A primary object of the invention is to provide a Graphical User Interface editor that enables an end-user to define, create, or edit a Graphical User Interface. 
     A further object of the invention is to provide a user-friendly Graphical User Interface editor, that is, a Graphical User Interface editor that interchangeability utilizes a What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get (WYSIWYG) editor and/or a text editor interchangeably. 
     A further object of the invention is provide the end-user with the ability to compile and save the resulting (edited or created) GUI panel. 
     A still further object of the invention is provide the end-user with the ability to save the edited source code corresponding to the edited GUI panel. This enhances the ability of the end-user to further modify or edit, or even copy, the Graphical User Interface File. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     These and other objects are obtained by the method of the invention. The invention provides end-user tools for defining, creating, and editing graphical user interfaces. 
     The invention provides a method for copying an object and all of its attributes from one graphical user interface panel into another graphical user interface panel. 
     The end-user opens a first graphical user interface file and identifies a target object, as a graphical object, to be copied. The target object is stored as a linked list with an object start identifier, an object end identifier, and pointers between the start and end identifiers corresponding to the object attributes. 
     The end user copies the source object start identifier, the object end identifier, the pointers for the objects attributes, and the code corresponding to the attributes to the target graphical user interface file. The copied graphical user interface code file is stored in a PBI file. 
     In the method of defining, creating, or editing a target graphical user interface panel file, the target graphical user interface panel file contains at least one object. The end-user opens a source graphical user interface file and identifies an object, as a graphical object, to be copied. 
     The target object is stored as a linked list with an object start identifier, an object end identifier, and pointers between the start and end identifiers corresponding to the object attributes. The end user copies the source object start identifier, the object end identifier, the pointers for the objects attributes, and the code corresponding to the attributes to the target graphical user interface file. 
    
    
     THE FIGURES The invention may be understood by reference to the FIGURES appended hereto. 
     FIG. 1 is a representation of a Graphical User Interface. This FIGURE is denominated &#34;Prior Art.&#34; 
     FIG. 2 is a graphical overview of a flow chart of the Graphical User Interface Editor of the invention. 
     FIG. 3 is a representation of the modules and their relationship for the Graphical User Interface Editor of the invention. 
     FIG. 4 is a listing of a portion of a user accessible tag file (.PDF). 
     FIG. 5, including FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C a representation of the modules and the process of the invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     According to the method of the invention User Interface (UI) panels are created and maintained using either a &#34;What You See Is What You Get&#34; (WYSIWYG) editor including panel definition (tag) language or a text editor. 
     System overview 
     As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a software interface is established between the Graphical User Interface Editor (GUIE) and the User Interface Compiler (UIC) joint by an Application Program Interface rather then a process call. The use of an Application Program Interface instead of a process call reduces overhead. 
     Using the Graphical User Interface Editor (GUIE) or a text editor, the end-user can create compilable and storable GUI source files. These source files contain tag language which defines Graphical User Interface (GUI) panels. The tag language files are the only input to and output of the GUIE. Tag language files can be generated by the GUIE, modified with a text editor, read back to the GUIE, and then compiled in the user interface compiler (UIC). Any such modifications will be preserved (by the software link between the GUIE and the UIC) and contained in the tag language file that is created by GUIE. This maintains the integrity of the source file regardless of how it is edited. This process can be repeated as many times as necessary, providing maximum flexibility to the user in creating and modifying panels. 
     The components of the system include the User Interface Editor (UIE), the build time tools including a panel definition language, a panel language compiler and linker, and a run time support package. The build time tools include a What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) panel creation editor. A WYSIWYG panel creation editor allows fast panel creation through the use of direct user manipulation of panel objects represented by icons. This assists the application builder, that is, the end-user, with the layout of the panel, allowing the end-user to concentrate on the panel layout instead of panel formatting details. 
     The panel definition language is the method of creating the panel definitions. As utilized herein, the panel definition language is tag language. 
     The panel language compiler and linker is a tool that reads and writes panel definition files, so that these files can be created and/or updated with a text editor and read back into the WYSIWYG tool. The compiler and linker works by integrating the WYSIWYG panel creation editor and Panel definition language, converting the panel definition language files to a set of intermediate files which allow the separation and isolation of panel text. The compiling and linking function is the key to enabling support of various graphical user interface platforms. The panel language linker combines groups of platform independent intermediate files into platform specific run time panel definitions. 
     The run time support is a client-server architecture where one copy of the UI server is loaded onto each UI display node. Application programs can request UI support services concurrently from local and remote UI servers through the use of a single, high function Application Program Interface (API). The UI operational parameters, such as the destination UI server name and the panel library names are contained in a UI control block located on the same node as the UI client application. The control block allows run time modification of the client application UI parameters without modification to the application. 
     The UI run time object set includes panels (windows) and message boxes, and any of the controls such as list boxes and entry boxes that can be placed in a panel. Each object is characterized by one or more attributes, such as display properties, text, entry characteristics, and user data. 
     The panel Action UI request enables the client application to perform data exchange actions (set, query, update) on all objects as well as immediate control actions such as lock/unlock and hide/show on panel objects. 
     The UI API contains a Connection Group-connect/disconnect function. This is because a client application can concurrently use the display services of more then one UI server, a client application first establishes a unique session with a destination UI server. 
     The User Interface Application Program Interface (UI API) also includes a Display Group- get panel, display panel, panel action, display message box function. This function enables an application to request that a panel be loaded into memory by a UI server, perform data exchange and immediate control actions on the objects, display the panel, and display message services. 
     The User Interface Application Program Interface (UI API) also includes a User Exit Group. This function sets the user exit, and processes the user exit event. The user exits enable the application program to be notified immediately of user initiated panel actions. This request sets a user exit at the panel or control object level. Using user exits, the UI portion of the application can be constructed in a modular fashion maximizing code reuse. 
     The method of the invention utilizes a tag language source code file to define a Graphical User Interface (GUI) panel. A source code tag language file, that is a .PDF file, that the WYSIWYG editor produces is shown in FIG. 4. To be noted is that each entry from the colon, &#34;:&#34;, to the period, &#34;.&#34; is a single tag. 
     These tag files (.PDF files) are internally joined together in the form of a linked list. An exemplary linked list is shown in Table I. 
     
                       TABLE I______________________________________Linked List                                   Pointer             Size    Location      To NextAddress  Object Type             (x, y)  (x, y) Text   Object______________________________________1      Windowdef  50, 50   0, 0  Panel A                                   22      Checkbox    2, 7   10, 10 Option A                                   33      Checkbox    2, 7   20, 10 Option B                                   44      Ewindowdef  0, 0    0, 0         0______________________________________ 
    
     Looking at Table I, it is seen that the a window is defined, Windowdef, as Panel A, it is of size 50 by 50, and is located at 0,0. The tag file defining the window is Panel A. The next item in the linked list is at address 2 of the list. It is the Checkbox of size 2 by 7 at 10, 10, having the tag file Option A. The next item on the linked list is at address 3. This is another checkbox, of size 2 by 7, located at 20,10, and defined by text file Option B. The next item on the linked list is the Ewindowdef. 
     The end-user can edit this tag language source code file with a graphical What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get (WYSIWYG) editor and/or a text editor interchangeably. The method of the invention compiles and saves the resulting (edited or created) GUI panel, providing both a source code GUI panel file and an object code GUI file. This maintains the integrity of the GUI source code file after manual updates have been made with a text editor. 
     The User Interface Compiler-Linker 
     The User Interface Compiler compiles the panel defining tag files to yield PBI files. Exemplary pseudo-code is: 
     Compiler reads the file. 
     Compiler parses the tags and calls the tag method to build to build the object lists. 
     Compiler writes the object lists to the PBI file. 
     The ability to create, define, edit, and modify panels in tag language, and then compile the source code Tag files to object code, saving both the source code and the object code, is made possible by fully integrating the GUIE and the UIC through the software link therebetween. 
     Utilizing this software link, when a tag language file is read in to GUIE, it invokes UIC. The UIC converts the source tags to a binary representation, and writes it to a file. The GUIE then reads this binary file into a structure in memory and uses it to keep track of all panel updates made by the user. When all desired modifications have been completed, UIE creates source tags from the binary data structure and writes them to a user-specified file. 
     The resulting system, supporting text and graphical images, is an easy to learn and easy to use client-server graphical user interface function. It provides a highly productive environment for developing and maintaining GUI&#39;s and user interface application panels and software through the full life cycle of an application program. The Graphical User Interface system of the invention is a graphical user interface supporting an asynchronous, event driven style of programming. 
     The Graphical User Interface Source Code File and Graphical User Interface Editor 
     The Graphical User Interface Editor (GUIE) is a visual interface where windows, message boxes, and controls are represented by icons. By using a mouse, touch panel, or arrow keys, the user moves controls into windows and message boxes. After moving the controls, attributes are assigned to the controls. This action results in the definition, creation, or modification of a Panel Definition File (.PDF). It should also be noted that the end-user can also use the User Interface editor to display or modify any source tags stored in a .PDF file that was built using a text editor. The user can use any text editor to build windows, message boxes, and controls. For example, the end-user can create a window or a message box by typing: windowdef or: message, as appropriate. In this way, the user can use a text editor to display or modify any source tags store in a Panel Definition File (.PDF) using either the User Interface Editor or a text editor. 
     The next step is saving the Panel Definition File (.PDF), e.g., a panel definition file containing a window or a message box. The save action automatically converts the window or message box being saved into source tag that contain the definitions needed by the UI tools to create a window or message box. 
     When the user then opens a Panel Definition File (.PDF) that was built using either the User Interface Editor or the text editor, the &#34;open&#34; action cause the source tags stored in the Panel Definition File (.PDF) to be compiled and displayed as a window or message box. 
     The panels are defined using tags. Tags are one or more characters attached to a set of data that contain information about the set, including its identification. A tag can be a lexical unit that names a language object; for example, the names of variables, arrays, records, labels, and procedures. Alternatively, a tag can be a set of bits or characters that identifies various conditions about data in a file. These bits or characters, when present, are often found in the header records of such files; a name-label, mnemonic--assigned to a data structure, such as a file, field, paragraph, or other object. 
     A &#34;tag&#34; consists of a specific tag name along with any required or optional parameters. The user can add controls to a window or message box by typing control control tags within window definition tags or message box definition tags. 
     TAG Types include: 
     Compiler Tags--Compiler Tags specify information to the compiler. This information can be used either to control the compiler or to specify information that is referenced by other tags. Compiler tags include help text definition tags, help text tags, label definition tags, resource definition tags, text string definition tags, and user interface definition file identifiers. 
     Message Box and Window Definition Tags--Message Box and Window Tags specify the beginning and end of either a message box or a window. 
     Layout Tags--Layout tags specify the column and row arrangement or other layout information for the controls in a window definition. Layout tags include column, division, line mode, window scale factor, space, and subitem tags. 
     Control Tags--Control tags specify the actual contents that appear in a window definition, and specify the controls that appear in a message box. Window definition control tags include check box, column heading, column heading group, combination box, drop down combination box, drop down list, entry field, group, icon, list, list item, menu item group, menu item, output field, function key area push button, push button, radio button, and static text. Message box definition tags include message box push button and message text. 
     A window or message box is defined by a series of tags. A tag consists of the specific tag name plus any required and optional parameters. One tag structure is: 
     
         :tagname parameter=value parameter=value parameter=value 
    
     The Panel Definition File (.PDF), and the tags that make it up have certain characteristics. First, each new tag starts on a separate line. Second, blank lines are ignored. Third, tags and parameters are not case sensitive. Fourth, each tag starts with a leading colon. Fifth, each tag line can wrap to multiple lines in a panel definition file, .PDF. Sixth, leading spaces on the tag line are ignored, even if the source line is split in the middle of a quoted string. Seventh, the tag line is always terminated with a period. 
     Block tags are used in pairs. They are typically used to enclose a collection of other tags. The end tag is defined the same as the start tag but with a preceding forward slash. That is, if &#34;WINDOWDEF&#34; is the start tag for a block, e.g., a window definition block, then &#34;/WINDOWDEF&#34; is the end tag for the block. 
     An existing window or message box is made up of source tags that are stored in a .PDF file. &#34;Opening&#34; the .PDF file causes the source tags residing in the .PDF file to be compiled and displayed as a window or message box. A &#34;Save&#34; action causes the source tags to be written to a .PDF file. The .PDF file must include an entry for the total panel, an entry for each object within the panel, and a linked list connecting the entries for each sub-object nested within a larger object. In the linked list each entry has a field containing the next entry in the list. 
     According to the method of the invention, objects can be moved and copied between panels without an intermediate &#34;Save&#34; or a &#34;Clipboard&#34; type function that cuts and pastes through a clipboard to another panel. The method of the invention provides a true exchange between panels. 
     UIE allows the user to construct or modify a panel definition by using the mouse to move objects into, out of, or within a panel. The multiple panel function allows the user to work on more than one panel at a time. Each panel being edited is displayed within UIE&#39;s primary application window. Using the mouse, the user can move or copy objects from one panel to another. This makes the process of creating a set of panels for an application much more efficient, since common objects or groups of objects only need to be defined once. 
     As an example, assume that all the panels in an application are required to have a set of three pushbuttons at the bottom with the words &#34;OK&#34;, &#34;Cancel&#34; and &#34;Help&#34; on them. The UIE user could create one panel containing a LINE object with the three pushbuttons inside. Leaving that panel on the screen, the user could continue to create the other application panels, copying the line of pushbuttons into each one. This not only makes the panel creation process much faster, but encourages a common appearance for all the panels within an application. 
     This is accomplished by maintaining a binary structure in UIE which contains an entry for the panel and for each object within the panel. This structure is a linked list, where each entry contains a field, also known as a pointer, which contains the address of the next entry in the list. A separate linked list is maintained for each panel being edited by the user. When the user uses the mouse to indicate that he/she wants to move or copy an object or group of objects from one panel to another, UIE manipulates the entries and pointers in the linked list to accommodate the desired changes. This is accomplished by the following logic: 
     Receive the action message from the graphical user interface input (mouse, touch panel sensor). 
     Translate the action message: 
     Action (move or copy), 
     Identify the object acted upon, 
     From (Panel Identifier and x,y co-ordinates) 
     To (Panel Identifier and x,y co-ordinates) 
     Perform the action by adjusting the pointer fields in the two binary linked lists in memory which represent the definition of the two panels. 
     Get new size and location information. 
     Paint panels and updated information on the screen. 
     The corresponding linked lists are shown in Tables II and IIA below in which a listbox is moved from Panel A to Panel B: 
     
                       TABLE II______________________________________Panel Before Switching Listbox                                  PointerAd-             Size    Location       To NextdressObject Type           (x, y)  (x, y) Text    Object______________________________________1    Windowdef  50, 50   0, 0  Panel A 22    Listbox    10, 10  10, 10 Listbox A                                  33    Line        5, 15  20, 10         44    Pushbutton  2, 2   30, 10 OK      55    Pushbutton  2, 5   30, 20 Cancel  66    Eline       0, 0    0, 0          77    Ewindowdef  0, 0    0, 0          08    Windowdef  40, 40  60, 60 Panel B 99    Line        5 ,15  10, 10         1010   Pushbutton  2, 2   20, 10 OK      1111   Pushbutton  2, 5   20, 20 Cancel  1212   Eline       0, 0    0, 0          1313   Ewindowdef  0, 0    0, 0          0______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE IIA______________________________________Panel After Switching Listbox                                  PointerAd-             Size    Location       To NextdressObject Type           (x, y)  (x, y) Text    Object______________________________________1    Windowdef  50, 50   0, 0  Panel A 33    Line        5, 15  20, 10         44    Pushbutton  2, 2   30, 10 OK      55    Pushbutton  2, 5   30, 20 Cancel  66    Eline       0, 0    0, 0          77    Ewindowdef  0, 0    0, 0          08    Windowdef  40, 40  60, 60 Panel B 22    Listbox    10, 10  10, 10 Listbox A                                  99    Line        5, 15  10, 10         1010   Pushbutton  2, 2   20, 10 OK      1111   Pushbutton  2, 5   20, 20 Cancel  1212   Eline       0, 0    0, 0          1313   Ewindowdef  0, 0    0, 0          0______________________________________ 
    
     After the updates are made to the linked lists, both panels are &#34;re-painted&#34; on the screen. 
     COMPILING THE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE SOURCE CODE FILE TO OBTAIN A GRAPHICAL 
     User Interface Object Code File 
     The relationship of the file types and the steps of the invention is shown with particularity in FIG. 5, including FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C. 
     The .PDF files are created by the end-user using the Graphical User Interface Editor or a text editor. The UI compiler converts the Panel Definition Files (.PDF) into into Panel Binary Intermediate Files (.PBI). The User Interface Linker is then called. The User Interface Linker creates files containing panel definition information. These include the following file types: 
     BIN For each .PBI file a .BIN file is created containing binary instructions for building the panel. 
     PDI One .PDI--Panel Definition Intermediate--file is created containing an &#34;include&#34; statement for each of the .BIN files and resource files defined in the .PDF files. 
     .H One .H file is created containing #DEFINE statements for all of the controls, text strings, help panels, etc. defined in the panel. This file is used in subsequent build process steps. The .H file is included in the application used with the UI component. 
     .PMI One .PMI (Panel Machine Readable Information) file, which is machine readable, is created containing all of the text for all of the panels. 
     .PHI One .PHI (Panel Help Intermediate) file is created containing all of the help panel text for all of the help panels. 
     .DEF Two temporary .DEF (Definition) files are created foruse in subsequent build process steps. 
     In FIG. 5B, the .DEF files and the STUB file are linked with the LINKER, and the .BIN file output, the .PDI file, and the .H file are compiled, to create a .PDL (panel definition library) file. 
     In FIG. 5C the .DEF files and the STUB file are linked with the LINKER, and the .PMI file output, and the .H file are compiled, to create a .PML (panel message library) file. 
     The resulting output is then stored in a suitable file. 
     Thus, according to the invention there is provided a Graphical User Interface editor that enables an end-user to define, create, or edit a Graphical User Interface. This is accomplished by a user-friendly Graphical User Interface editor, that is, a Graphical User Interface editor that interchangeability utilizes a What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get (WYSIWYG) editor and/or a text editor interchangeably. 
     The graphical user interface editor of the invention provides the end-user with the ability to compile and save the resulting (edited or created) GUI panel, including the end-user with the ability to save the edited source code corresponding to the edited GUI panel. This enhances the ability of the end-user to further modify or edit, or even copy, the Graphical User Interface File. 
     While the invention has been described and illustrated with respect to certain preferred embodiments and exemplifications, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention thereby, but solely by the claims appended hereto.