Abstract:
An optical scanner for scanning various optical indicia uses one or more tunable optical components for noise reduction purposes. The scanner may include a narrow band-pass tunable optical filter for passing selected wavelengths of incoming light. The scanner may also have a tunable light source, such as a tunable laser source, whereby the wavelength of the generated laser light is sensed and controlled by the scanner&#39;s electronic sub-system.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    This invention relates to the field of optical scanners such as bar code scanners. More specifically, the invention relates to the use of tunable optical components for noise reduction within optical scanners.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Electro-optical scanners, such as bar code symbol scanners, are now quite common. Typically, a bar code symbol comprises one or more rows of light and dark regions, typically in the form of rectangles. The widths of the dark regions, i.e., the bars, and/or the widths of the light regions, i.e, the spaces between the bars, when partitioned into groups, indicate encoded information to be read.  
           [0003]    A bar code symbol reader illuminates the symbol and senses light reflected from the coded regions to detect the widths and spacings of the coded regions and derive the encoded information. Bar code reading type data input systems improve the efficiency and accuracy of data input for a wide variety of applications. The ease of data input in such systems facilitates more frequent and detailed data input, for example to provide efficient inventories, tracking of work in progress, etc.  
           [0004]    A variety of scanning systems are known. One particularly advantageous type of reader is an optical scanner which scans a beam of light, such as a laser beam, across the symbols. Laser scanner systems and components of the type exemplified by U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,387,297 and 4,760,248—which are owned by the assignee of the instant invention and are incorporated by reference herein—have generally been designed to read indicia having parts of different light reflectivity, i.e., bar code symbols, particularly of the Universal Product Code (UPC) type, at a certain working range or reading distance from a hand-held or stationary scanner.  
           [0005]    [0005]FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a prior art bar code symbol reader  10  implemented as a gun shaped device, having a pistol-grip type of handle  53 . A lightweight plastic housing  55  contains a light source  46 , a detector  58 , optics  57 , signal processing circuitry  63 , a programmed microprocessor  40 , and a power source or battery  62 . An exit window  56  at the front end of the housing  55  allows an outgoing light beam  51  to exit and an incoming reflected light  52  to enter. A user aims the reader at a bar code symbol  70  from a position in which the reader  10  is spaced from the symbol, i.e., not touching the symbol or moving across the symbol.  
           [0006]    As further depicted in FIG. 1, the optics may include a suitable lens  57  (or multiple lens system) to focus the scanned beam into a scanning spot at an appropriate reference plane. The light source  46 , such as a semiconductor laser diode, introduces a light beam into an optical axis of the lens  57 , and other lenses or beam shaping structures as needed. The beam is reflected from an oscillating mirror  59  which is coupled to a scanning drive motor  60  energized when a trigger  54  is manually pulled. The oscillation of the mirror  59  causes the outgoing beam  51  to scan back and forth in a desired pattern.  
           [0007]    A variety of mirror and motor configurations can be used to move the beam in a desired scanning pattern. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,251,798 discloses a rotating polygon having a planar mirror at each side, each mirror tracing a scan line across the symbol. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,387,297 and 4,409,470 both employ a planar mirror which is repetitively and reciprocally driven in alternate circumferential directions about a drive shaft on which the mirror is mounted. U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,660 discloses a multi-mirror construction composed of a generally concave mirror portion and a generally planar mirror portion. The multi-mirror construction is repetitively reciprocally driven in alternative circumferential directions about a drive shaft on which the multi-mirror construction is mounted.  
           [0008]    The light  52  reflected back by the symbol  70  passes back through the window  56  for transmission to the detector  58 . In the exemplary reader shown in FIG. 1, the reflected light reflects off of mirror  59 , passes through an optical filter  47  and impinges on the light sensitive detector  58 . The filter is typically designed to have a band-pass characteristics in order to pass the reflected (return) laser light and block the light coming from other light sources. The detector  58  produces an analog signal proportional to the intensity of the reflected light  52 .  
           [0009]    The signal processing circuitry includes a digitizer  63  mounted on a printed circuit board  61 . The digitizer processes the analog signal from detector  58  to produce a pulse signal where the widths and spacings between the pulses correspond to the widths of the bars and the spacings between the bars. The digitizer serves as an edge detector or wave shaper circuit, and a threshold value set by the digitizer determines what points of the analog signal represent bar edges. The pulse signal from the digitizer  63  is applied to a decoder, typically incorporated in the programmed microprocessor  40  which will also have associated program memory and random access data memory. The microprocessor decoder  40  first determines the pulse widths and spacings of the signal from the digitizer. The decoder then analyzes the widths and spacings to find and decode a legitimate bar code message. This includes analysis to recognize legitimate characters and sequences, as defined by the appropriate code standard. This may also include an initial recognition of the particular standard to which the scanned symbol conforms. This recognition of the standard is typically referred to as autodiscrimination.  
           [0010]    To scan the symbol  70 , the user aims the bar code reader  10  and operates movable trigger switch  54  to activate the light source  46 , the scanning motor  60  and the signal processing circuitry. If the scanning light beam  51  is visible, the operator can see a scan pattern on the surface on which the symbol appears and adjust aiming of the reader  10  accordingly. If the light beam  51  produced by the source  46  is marginally visible, an aiming light may be included. The aiming light, if needed, produces a visible-light spot which may be fixed, or scanned just like the laser beam  51 . The user employs this visible light to aim the reader at the symbol before pulling the trigger.  
           [0011]    The reader  10  may also function as a portable data collection terminal. If so, the reader would include a keyboard  48  and a display  49 , such as described in the previously noted U.S. Pat. No. 4,409,470.  
           [0012]    In electro-optical scanners of the type discussed above, the laser source, the optics, the mirror structure, the drive to oscillate the mirror structure, the photodetector, and the associated signal processing and decoding circuitry can all be packaged in a “scanning module”, which in turn is placed into the scanner&#39;s, or terminal&#39;s housing.  
           [0013]    One of the factors which can affect scanner&#39;s performance is it&#39;s signal-to-noise ratio. The signal-to-noise ratio can be separated into two components, optical and electrical. The optical signal-to-noise ratio depends upon the amount of the reflected diffused laser light detected by the sensor  58 , verses the amount of parasitic light impinging upon the sensor  58  which comes from other light sources such as an ambient light. In order to increase the optical signal-to-noise ratio, the band-pass filter is designed to transmit in the spectrum of the laser source and to block the light in other optical spectrums. A typical bandwidth of the optical filter used in bar code scanners is approximately 70 nanometers. In comparison, a typical bandwidth of a laser beam generated by a laser diode is on the order of few nanometers. The large difference between the filter bandwidth and the laser beam bandwidth is due to a number of variables.  
           [0014]    The optical filter has to accommodate laser wavelength variations, as well as the laser wavelength changes due to temperature. In addition sufficient bandwidth must be allocated for filter variations and filter slope roll-off.  
           [0015]    Therefore, a need exists for a scanner having very narrow optical band-pass filter. This would increase the scanner&#39;s signal-to-noise ratio and improve the system&#39;s performance in high optical noise environments.  
           [0016]    The need also exists for a method of making a scanner having a narrow optical band-pass filter which would accommodate laser wavelength variations.  
           [0017]    There is also a need for a scanner having a narrow band-pass optical filter which is capable of adjusting its filtering characteristics in order to track the laser wavelengths variations.  
           [0018]    There is a further need for a scanner capable of controlling laser wavelengths, thus allowing the use of a non-tunable or partly tunable narrow band-pass optical filter.  
           [0019]    Solutions for the above objects of the invention are fully disclosed in the drawings and the following pages of the specification.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0020]    These and other objects of the present invention are achieved in accordance with the present invention by a barcode reader and a method for reading barcodes in accordance with the present invention.  
           [0021]    The barcode reader in one embodiment comprises a light source for generating a barcode illuminating beam and a detector for detecting return light reflected from a barcode illuminated by the illuminating beam and producing a signal corresponding thereto. A tunable optical filter is disposed before the detector to filter the return light. The tunable optical filter has an adjustable filtering characteristic that is adjustable to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the detector and thereby the barcode reader.  
           [0022]    The light source is preferably a monochromatic light source, and most preferably, a laser light source. The tunable optical filter can be an interference type optical filter and preferably has a light collimator located in front of the filter to provide a collimated return light to the optical filter.  
           [0023]    The filtering characteristic of the filter can be adjusted by changing an angle of incidence of the return light with respect to the optical filter. The optical filter is most preferably a band-pass tunable optical filter with a band-pass filtering characteristic, and in a preferred embodiment, the interference type optical filter includes interference coating layers preferably having a plurality of coating layers on one side of the optical filter.  
           [0024]    In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of interference coating layers is separated into sets of layers, and one set of layers is located on one side of the optical filter, and another set of layers is located on the other side of the optical filter.  
           [0025]    In one embodiment, the angle of incidence of return light is changed by an adjuster, which can be either passive or active. The passive adjuster is preferably a temperature sensitive bimetallic spring, and a preferred embodiment of an active adjuster is a sensor for sensing the temperature of the light source and an actuator for positioning the optical filter at an angle that increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the barcode reader.  
           [0026]    The active adjuster can further include a lookup table for correlating a set of angular positions of the optical filter to a set of temperatures for the light source. The active adjuster can be an analog electromechanical adjuster.  
           [0027]    In another embodiment, the active adjuster can sense the wavelength of the laser beam, and an actuator positions the optical filter at an angle that increases the signal-to-noise ratio based on the sensed wavelength. This can also be carried out by using a lookup table for correlating a set of angular positions to a set of wavelengths.  
           [0028]    The tunable optical filter can also be an LCD type optical filter, an acoustic type optical filter, or a diffractive type optical filter.  
           [0029]    In another embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the light source, detector and an optical filter, the reader has a controller for adjusting the wavelength of the illuminating beam to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal produced by the detector. In this embodiment, the optical filter has a static characteristic, whereas the wavelength of the light source is modulated by varying the temperature or the current to the light source. Alternatively, both the current and the temperature to the light source can be varied to adjust the wavelength of the beam.  
           [0030]    The present invention also relates to methods for reading barcodes which include the steps of adjusting the filtering characteristic of a tunable filter to maximize signal-to-noise ratio, adjusting the filtering characteristic of the optical filter by changing the angle of incidence of the return light in order to increase the signal ratio, or controlling the wavelength of the illuminating beam to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the reader.  
           [0031]    These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of the invention taken with the attached drawings, wherein: 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0032]    [0032]FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art optical scanner;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 2 illustrates filtering characteristics of a tunable band-pass filter;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 3 illustrates an optical scanner having a tunable band-pass optical filter according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 4 illustrates a shift in special transmission characteristic of an interference filter as a function of an angle of incidence of the incoming light;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 5 illustrates an optical subsystem utilizing a tunable interference band-pass filter;  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 6 illustrates an optical scanner having a tunable laser source according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 7 illustrates an electro-optical subsystem for controlling the wavelength of a laser source. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0039]    Referring now to FIG. 2, the filtering characteristics of a tunable band-pass filter in accordance with the present invention is shown. For barcode scanners, the bandwidth of the optical band-pass filter is a critical parameter to limit the amount of ambient noise getting into the electric optical system, which significantly impacts scanner performance. For conventional optical band-pass filters, the determination of the bandwidth will be based on the laser wavelength variation of the laser diode, the laser wavelength shift due to temperature range, the numerical aperture of collection optics and the tolerances of either front or back slope of the filter. To cover all of these major variables, the bandwidth of the optical band-pass filter is very difficult to be reduced.  
         [0040]    Since the laser diode is a very good coherent light source, this means that the optical spectrum of the laser wavelength is very narrow, usually less than a nanometer. The optical band-pass filter, according to the present invention, has dielectric coatings coated on both sides of the optical transparent substrate, for example, float glass, to compose the optical spectrum bandwidth. The bandwidth is measured by the laser coherency plus the numerical aperture of collection optics. The spectrum location of such bandwidth can be tuned to cover the actual laser wavelength. Thus, as shown in FIG. 2, the filtering characteristic  70  of the band-pass filter can be tuned to vary from a center wavelength  74  to a characteristic  72  having a center wavelength  76 .  
         [0041]    The tuning method can be either mechanical or optical. For example, changing the incident angle of the laser beam to the optical band-pass filter can shift the bandwidth spectrum location. This shift is illustrated in FIG. 4, which shows the characteristic of an interference filter as a function of an angle of incidence of the incoming light. Reference numeral  90  points to a location on the filter transmission curve where a change if 40 degrees in the angle of incidence produces approximately 60% reduction in the filter transmission characteristic at a particular wavelength.  
         [0042]    Alternatively, the dielectric coding layer structure materials can be changed to achieve the same optical spectrum temperature shift for the optical band-pass filter as for the laser wavelength of laser diode. This shift is shown in FIG. 2.  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 3 illustrates the scanner having the tunable band-pass optical filter  80  controlled by a controller  82  for changing the angle of the filter. The tunable band-pass filter of FIG. 3 is shown in more detail in FIG. 5.  
         [0044]    As shown therein, a collimator  96  is preferably placed in front of the interference filter  81  to provide a collimated return light to the optical filter. The collimated light  95  is passed to the filter  81 , which can be shifted by an angle a from the position  98  to the position  97 , which shifts the filtering characteristic of the filter and thus maximizes the light returned to detector  58 , which produces an electrical signal  102  having a maximized signal to noise ratio.  
         [0045]    The filter  81  shown in FIG. 5 preferably has layers of interference coating on at least one side thereof. The adapter  82  changes the angle of incidence of the filter either passively or actively. For example, the adapter  82  can be a temperature sensitive bimetallic spring and passively adjusts the angle. Adapter  82  can be an active adjuster, and for example, be a sensor for sensing the temperature of the light source and an actuator for moving the filter between the positions shown. The sensor can also sense the wavelength of the laser beam and alter the position of the filter as shown. The adapter  82  can also include a lookup table for correlating angular positions to temperatures or wavelengths as described above.  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein the light source  120  is tunable and has an apparatus for controlling the wavelength of the light source.  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 7 illustrates the subsystem  130  for controlling the wavelength of the laser source.  
         [0048]    In the system shown in FIG. 7, the wavelength of the laser  120  is modified by a combination of temperature and current modulation by maximizing the output of a first monitoring photodiode  131 , which receives its light through an optical filter  132 , which is identical to the filter  47  placed before the detector  58 . The maximizing of the output of photodiode  131  is subject to maintaining a safe level of output radiation through a second monitoring photodiode  133 . Drive circuitry  134  receives the signals from diodes  131  and  133  and controls the current to laser  120  and controls the temperature of the laser via a heater/cooler  135  in contact with the laser  120 .  
         [0049]    It is understood that the embodiments described hereinabove are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It is realized that various changes, alterations, rearrangements and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without substantially departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.