Abstract:
An apparatus for enabling simultaneous multimedia content and user data streaming from a handheld device to a display device is disclosed. The apparatus enables power charging of the handheld device while streaming the multimedia content and the user data from the handheld device. The apparatus comprises a data-multimedia-power interface (DMPI) connector installed in the handheld device and designed to enable the transport of at least high definition multimedia signals, data signals, a power signal, and control signals between the handheld device and the display device; and a DMPI circuit for multiplexing the high definition multimedia signals with the data signals, to enable simultaneous streaming of the respective multimedia content and the user data to the display device, wherein the DMPI circuit further extracts a power signal from the display device for power charging of the display device.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention generally relates to the connectivity of handheld devices and electronic display devices, and more particularly to an apparatus for enabling the simultaneous charging of a handheld device by a display device and streaming of multimedia content as well as user data from a handheld device to a display device. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A number of standards that define digital display interfaces of a digital audio/video interconnect are discussed in the related art. One example for such a standard is the high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) which is a compact audio/video connector interface for transmitting uncompressed digital streams. The HDMI connects a digital multimedia (or audio/video) source (e.g., a set-top box, a DVD player, a personal computer, a video game console, etc.) to a compatible digital sink, such as a digital television. 
     DisplayPort™ (or DP) is another example for a standard that defines a digital display interface of a digital audio/video interconnect. The DP is intended to be used primarily between a computer and its display monitor, or a computer and a home-theater system. The DP interface is facilitated using a proprietary cable and connectors, each of which includes 20 pins. The DP cable is a cross cable, i.e., each of the source and sink connectors has a different configuration. 
     In a typical configuration, transport channels of a DP interface include a main link, an auxiliary (AUX) channel, and a hot plug detect (HPD) channel. The main link is a unidirectional channel that allows data transfers over up to 4 lanes; the lanes carry clock signals in addition to the video/audio streams. Each lane is an AC-coupled differential pair. The auxiliary channel is a bi-directional half-duplex channel that carries control and management information, and the HPD channel is used by a sink device to interrupt a source device when a plug is connected or disconnected. 
     Recently, interface standards that define the digital display interfaces of a digital audio/video interconnect for portable devices (such as smart phones, tablet computers, and the like) have been defined, one example of which is the mobile high-definition link (MHL). The MHL is a proposed industry standard for a mobile audio/video interface for the direct connection of mobile phones and other portable consumer electronics (CE) devices to high-definition televisions (HDTVs) and displays. Specifically, the MHL is an interface protocol that provides for the connection of a mobile device to an HDMI display device. A current implementation of an MHL connector is a 5-pin MHL-USB connector, which is based on a micro-USB type connector. However, the MHL connectivity does not support data transfer according to the USB protocols, but rather only MHL signaling through the connectors and over the cable that are used. 
     The MHL signaling includes a single transition minimized differential signaling (TMDS®) channel utilized to transfer video, audio, and auxiliary data encapsulated in TMDS characters. Such transmission is synchronized using a high-frequency clock signal running as a common mode for the TMDS channel. The TMDS channel is a differential pair channel. A MHL cable also includes a control BUS (C BUS ) for sign HPD, which also carries control information. 
     The MHL interface supports video and digital audio while simultaneously charging the connected mobile device. With this aim, the MHL interface includes a V BUS  signal originated at the sink device (e.g., digital TV) through which the mobile device is being charged. The MHL connector is the mobile device while at the sink device an HDMI connector having 19 pins is utilized. 
     Mobility DisplayPort™ (or MyDP) is another standard that defines an audio/video interconnect interface for mobile devices. The MyDP standard is based on the DisplayPort™. Current implementation of a MyDP connector is a 5-pin proprietary connector. The MyDP connectivity includes a main link, an auxiliary channel with a hot plug detect (AUX_HPD) channel, and a DP_PWR signal for charging a source device (e.g., a smart phone) by a sink device (e.g., a digital TV). The main link is a unidirectional channel that carries clock signals in addition to the video/audio streams. The main link is an AC-coupled differential pair (i.e., includes 2 wires). The AUX_HDP channel is a bi-directional half-duplex channel that carries control and management information. The AUX_HDP channel is also used by a sink device to interrupt a source (handheld) device when a plug is connected or disconnected. 
     The Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard is primarily utilized to establish communication between devices and a host controller of a PC. The USB can connect computer peripherals, such as mice, keyboards, digital cameras, printers, personal media players, flash drives, network adapters, external hard drives, and the like. The USB was designed for personal computers, but it has become commonplace on handheld devices, such as mobile phones, smartphones, PDAs, tablet computers, camcorders, and video game consoles. The USB can also serve as a power cord for charging such devices. For many types of handheld devices, the USB is the only standard interface. The various USB protocols support different transmission rates for data. For example, data transmission rates of USB 2.0 can be 1.5 Mbps (Low speed), 12 Mbps (Full Speed), and High speed (480 Mbps). The USB 3.0 standard defines a higher speed data transmission rate of 5 Gbps, and therefore can be utilized as a database for mass storage devices, and the like. 
     There are several types of USB connectors. The most common connectors for handheld devices are micro USB 5-pin Standard-AB plugs and receptacles. Typically, the USB connectors in the Standard-AB plug are recessed in the plug, thereby allowing the power to be connected first, thus preventing data errors by allowing the device to power up first and then transfer data. The pin out of a standard-micro USB 2.0 AB plug and receptacle is detailed in Table 1: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Pin Number 
                 Pin Name 
                 Function 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 1. 
                 VBUS 
                 Power 
               
               
                 2. 
                 D− 
                 USB 2 Diff pair 
               
               
                 3. 
                 D+ 
               
               
                 4. 
                 ID 
                 Allows distinction of host 
               
               
                   
                   
                 connection from slave 
               
               
                   
                   
                 connection 
               
               
                 5. 
                 GND 
                 Ground for power return 
               
               
                   
                 Shield 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Another popular connector is a standard AB micro USB 3.0 10-pin connector, the pin out of which is provided in Table 2: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Pin Number 
                 Pin Name 
                 Function 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1. 
                 VBUS 
                 Power 
               
               
                 2. 
                 D− 
                 USB 2 Diff pair 
               
               
                 3. 
                 D+ 
               
               
                 4. 
                 ID 
                 Keying 
               
               
                 5. 
                 GND 
                 Ground for power return 
               
               
                 6. 
                 MicB_SSTX− 
                 Super speed RX diff pair 
               
               
                 7. 
                 MicB_SSTX+ 
               
               
                 8. 
                 GND_Drain 
                 Ground for signal return 
               
               
                 9. 
                 MicB_SSRX− 
                 Super speed TX diff pair 
               
               
                 10. 
                 MicB_SSRX+ 
               
               
                   
                 Shield 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     USB specifications provide a 5V±5% supply on a single wire from which connected USB devices may draw power between the positive and negative bus power lines. A unit load is defined as 100 mA in USB 2.0 and 150 mA in USB 3.0. A maximum of 5 unit loads (500 mA) can be drawn from a port in USB 2.0 and 6 unit loads (900 mA) can be drawn from a port in USB 3.0. 
     As mentioned above, the new mobile connectivity interfaces, such the MHL and MyDP, enable streaming of multimedia content (video/audio), while charging the device. However, these mobile connectivity interfaces introduce some limitations. For example, higher video resolution cannot be transferred when charging the mobile device. In addition, user data (e.g., data files, images, etc.) stored in the handheld device or in the sink device cannot be transferred using these mobile connectivity interfaces. 
     For example, as noted above the MHL connector is a micro USB 5-pin type connector. However, the MHL standard does not support USB signaling and data transferring. Thus, a MHL-type cable is used to stream multimedia connect, while another USB cable is required to transfer USB data. 
     Thus, it would be advantageous to provide a solution that would enable simultaneous power charging as well as streaming of data and multimedia signals through a single cable having a single connector in handheld devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     Certain embodiments disclosed herein include an apparatus for enabling simultaneous multimedia content and user data streaming from a handheld device to a display device, the apparatus further enables power charging of the handheld device while streaming the multimedia content and the user data from the handheld device. The apparatus comprises a data-multimedia-power interface (DMPI) connector installed in the handheld device and designed to enable the transport of at least high definition multimedia signals, data signals, a power signal, and control signals between the handheld device and the display device; and a DMPI circuit for multiplexing the high definition multimedia signals with the data signals, to enable simultaneous streaming of the respective multimedia content and the user data to the display device, wherein the DMPI circuit further extracts a power signal from the display device for power charging of the display device. 
     Certain embodiments disclosed herein also include a data-multimedia-power interface (DMPI) circuit integrated in a handheld device for enabling at least simultaneous multimedia content and user data streaming from the handheld device to a display device. The display device comprises a recognition circuit for detecting a type of a connectivity interface at the display device connected to the handheld device; a DMPI physical layer circuit connected to a video processor and a memory unit, wherein the DMPI physical layer circuit is configured to at least multiplex the high definition multimedia signals with the data signals; a plurality of physical layer circuits of a plurality of mobile connectivity interfaces for processing multimedia signals according to their respective mobile connectivity interface standards, wherein each of the plurality of physical layer circuits is connected to the video processor; and a data interface physical layer is connected to the memory unit and is configured to process data signals according to a data interface standard. 
     Certain embodiments disclosed herein also include a data-multimedia-power interface (DMPI) connector for connecting a handheld device to a display device. The connector comprises a housing and a plurality of contact pins arranged in the housing, wherein the plurality of contact pins are arranged to provide at least: a VBUS channel for receiving a power signal from the display device, a high-speed receive (HSRX) channel for receiving at least control signals and data signals from the display device, at least one high-speed transmit (HSRX) channel for transmitting multiplexed high definition multimedia signals and the data signals to the display device, and a ground connection. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The subject matter that is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection between a handheld device and a sink device using a data-multimedia-power interface according to an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIGS. 2A and 2B  are schematic diagrams illustrating the wiring of different types of Y-type cables utilized for simultaneous transmission of data and multimedia as well power charging, according to certain embodiments disclosed herein. 
         FIG. 3  is a flowchart illustrating a sink interface type recognition process in accordance with one embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram of a DMPI connectivity circuit integrated in a handheld device and constructed according to one embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     It is important to note that the embodiments disclosed herein are only examples of the many advantageous uses of the innovative teachings herein. In general, statements made in the specification of the present application do not necessarily limit any of the various claimed inventions. Moreover, some statements may apply to some inventive features but not to others. In general, unless otherwise indicated, singular elements may be in plural and vice versa with no loss of generality. In the drawings, like numerals refer to like parts through several views. 
       FIG. 1  shows an exemplary and non-limiting diagram of a handheld device  100  configured to include a data-multimedia-power interface (DMPI) designed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The DMPI is realized through a DMPI connector  110  and a DMPI circuit  120 . The handheld device  100  typically includes a memory unit (e.g., flash memory)  130  to maintain user data files, such as documents, image files, and audio/video files. The memory unit  130  may be a memory card, such as a SD card, universal flash storage (UFS), a multi media card (eMMC), and the like. Typically, such memory cards include an interface, a flash memory, and a controller. The memory cards, hence memory unit  130 , are defined by their different classes, each of which has a different bandwidth for outputting data stored therein. For example, the maximum bandwidth for eMMC is 1.6 Gbps (bi-directional), for SDcard is 1.56 Gbps (bi-directional), and for UFS is 5.8 Gbps. 
     The handheld device  100  also includes a video processor  180  that generates video streams to be transmitted to an external display, through a sink device  150 , to the DMPI connector  110  and a cable  160 . The video processor  180  can also provide such streams to the display  140 . The device  100  also includes a rechargeable battery  170 . It should be noted that the handheld device  100  typically includes other circuitries, such as a processor, a wireless transceiver, and the like, which are not shown in  FIG. 1  merely for the sake for simplicity. The handheld device  100  may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a camcorder, and the like. 
     The DMPI connector  110  and circuit  120  enable transmission of high-definition multimedia data and data concurrently on the cable  160  that connects the device  100  to the sink device  150  (e.g., a high-definition TV, or a display). Furthermore, through the DMPI connector  110  and circuit  120 , the sink device  150  can charge the battery  170 . The power charging can be performed simultaneously with the transmission of data and multimedia signals from the device  100  to the sink device. 
     In one embodiment, the DMPI connector  110  is structured to include a plurality of contact pins and a housing (chassis) in which the pins are arranged. The pins, at one end, are connected to the DMPI circuit  120 , and at another end are connected to a contact plate into which a receptacle connector is inserted. In another embodiment, the DMPI connector  110  is structured to include a housing where the pins are arranged. The pins, at one end, are connected to a cable (e.g., cable  160 ), and at another end, to the receptacle connector (not shown in  FIG. 1 ). The housing may be formed from a conductive material covered by a plastic cover. 
     The DMPI connector  110  is designed to transfer high definition multimedia signals, data signals, a power signal, as well clock and control signals synchronizing the transmission of at least the user data and high-definition multimedia signals. The DMPI connector  110  is also compatible with other mobile connectivity interfaces, such as MHL, MyDP, a digital connectivity interface, such as DisplayPort™, and the USB. Therefore, in an embodiment of the invention, the DMPI connector  110  supports the connectivity defined at least by these standardized connectivity interfaces. Specifically, each pin in the DMPI connector  110  serves a different function depending on the type of the connectivity to which the device  110  is connected. That is, the device  100  with the DMPI connector  110  and circuit  120 , at one end, can be connected at the other end to a MHL connector (interface), a MyDP connector (interface), a USB 2.0 connector (interface), a USB 3.0 connector (interface), a DP connector, a HDMI connector and the like. With this aim, the cable  160  includes, at one end, the DMPI connector  110 , and at the other end of the cable, a connector  165 . The connector  165  may be, for example, a MHL-type connector, a MyDP-type connector, a micro-USB type connector, an HDMI connector, a DP connector, and the like. 
     In accordance with one embodiment, the DMPI connector  110  includes 6 pins. An exemplary and non-limiting pin out of the DMPI connector  110  having 6 pins is listed in Table 3. 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Pin 
                   
               
               
                 Number 
                 DMPI 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 1. 
                 V BUS   
               
               
                 2. 
                 HSRX− 
               
               
                 3. 
                 HSRX+ 
               
               
                 4. 
                 HSTX− 
               
               
                 5. 
                 GND 
               
               
                 6. 
                 HSTX+ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The function of the V BUS  is to transfer a power signal from the sink device  150  to the handheld device  100 . In an exemplary embodiment, the charging current is 500 mA. Pins  2  and  3  (HSRX−; HSRX+) of a 6-pin DMPI connector  110  are comprised of a receive channel (which is a differential pair) for receiving at the handheld device  100 , both user data (USB-like data) and control signals, sent from the sink device  150 . 
     The pins  4  and  6  (HSTX−; HSTX+) are of a transmit channel (which is a differential pair) for transmitting high speed multimedia signals (e.g., uncompressed high-definition video streams) multiplexed with user data (e.g., USB-like data) and control signals to the sink device  150 . The user data is saved in the memory unit  130 . A USB-like data refers to data typically transmitted over the USB. 
     In one embodiment, the bandwidth on the HSTX channel is fixed. The fixed bandwidth is determined based on the resolution of video and type of the memory unit  130  (e.g., eMMC, SDCard, USF, etc.). Typically, the bandwidth for transmitting high-definition video signals is 3.5 Gbps and 1.6 Gbps for user data. Exemplary bandwidths of the DMPI in a 6-pin connector configuration for different video streams resolutions and types of memory units are provided in Tables 4A and 4B: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 4A 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 BW 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 of 
                 required to 
               
               
                   
                 bits 
                 transfer 
                 SDcard 
                 SDcard 
                 SDcard 
               
               
                   
                 per 
                 video 
                 SDR12 
                 SDR104 
                 UHS156 
               
               
                   
                 pixel 
                 [Gbps] 
                 [Gbps] 
                 [Gbps] 
                 [Gbps] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Bandwidth for user 
                   
                   
                 0.1 
                 0.832 
                 1.56 
               
               
                 data [Gbps] 
               
               
                 720p@60 Hz 
                 24 
                 1.78 
                 2.975 
                 3.890 
                 4.800 
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 1.18 
                 2.235 
                 3.150 
                 4.060 
               
               
                 3D720p@30 Hz Or 
                 24 
                 3.56 
                 5.205 
               
               
                 1080P@60 Hz 
                 16 
                 2.37 
                 3.720 
                 4.635 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 4B 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 BW 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 No. 
                 required 
               
               
                   
                 of 
                 to 
                   
                 eMMC 
               
               
                   
                 bits 
                 transfer 
                 eMMC 
                 HS 
                 eMCC 
                 UFS 
               
               
                   
                 per 
                 video 
                 Legacy 
                 DDR 
                 HS200 
                 Gear 1 
               
               
                   
                 pixel 
                 [Gbps] 
                 [Gbps] 
                 [Gbps] 
                 [Gbps] 
                 [Gbps] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Bandwidth for 
                   
                   
                 0.104 
                 0.832 
                 1.6 
                 1.25 
               
               
                 user data [Gbps] 
               
               
                 720p@60 Hz 
                 24 
                 1.78 
                 2.980 
                 3.890 
                 4.850 
                 4.413 
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 1.18 
                 2.240 
                 3.150 
                 4.110 
                 3.673 
               
               
                 3D720p@30 Hz 
                 24 
                 3.56 
               
               
                 Or 1080P@60 Hz 
                 16 
                 2.37 
                 3.725 
                 4.635 
                   
                 5.158 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The column “BW required to transfer video” represents the video resolution bandwidth for transmission of only uncompressed video (without any data) as defined by standard multimedia interfaces. As shown in Tables 4A and 4B, the fixed bandwidth (throughput) of the HSTX channel of the DMPI is higher than the video resolution bandwidth even when simultaneously transferring data from the memory unit  130  to the sink device over the cable  160 . 
     For example, as depicted in Table 4A, the video resolution bandwidth required to transfer video at 720p@60 Hz is 1.78 Gbps and the bandwidth required for transferring user data when type of the memory unit  130  is an SDcard USC 156 is 1.56 Gbps. In such configurations, the fixed bandwidth (throughput) of the HSTX channel of the DMPI is 4.8 Gbps. As another example, the video resolution bandwidth required to transfer video at 1080P@60 Hz is 2.37 Gbps and the bandwidth for transfer of user data when the type of the memory unit  130  is an SDcard SDR 12 type is 100 Mbps. In such configurations, the fixed bandwidth (throughput) of the HSTX channel of the DMPI is 5.205 Gbps. Thus, the DMPI can support efficient transmission of video and data saved in an SDcard. 
     As illustrated in Table 4B, the DMPI in its 6-pin connector configuration supports video streams at resolutions of 720p@60 Hz with transmission of data retrieved from eMMC types Legacy, High-Speed (HS) DDR, and HS 200, and UFS type Gear 1. The DMPI in its 6-pin connector configuration also supports video streams at resolutions of 3D720p@30 Hz or 1080p@60 Hz for memory transmission of data retrieved from SDcard types SDR 12 and SDR 104, eMMC types Legacy and High-Speed (HS) DDR as well as UFS type Gear 1. 
     The mechanical characteristics (e.g., shape, size, etc.) may be the same as the 6-pin standard micro USB connector. However, it should be noted that the DMPI connector  110  can be defined using mechanical characteristics different than those of a standard AB micro USB connector. 
     In accordance with another embodiment, the DMPI connector  110  includes 10 pins. An exemplary pin out of the DMPI connector  110  having 10 pins is listed in Table 5. 
     
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Pin Number 
                 DMPI 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1. 
                 V BUS   
               
               
                 2. 
                 HSRX− 
               
               
                 3. 
                 HSRX+ 
               
               
                 4. 
                 HSTX0− 
               
               
                 5. 
                 GND 
               
               
                 6. 
                 HSTX0+ 
               
               
                 7. 
                 HSTX1− 
               
               
                 8. 
                 GND 
               
               
                 9. 
                 HSTX1+ 
               
               
                 10. 
                 Not-Connected 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The function of the V BUS  is to transfer a power signal from the sink device to the handheld device  100 . In an exemplary embodiment, the charging current can be up to 3 A. The 10-pin connector also includes two transmit channels, pins  4 ,  6  (HSTX0−; HSTX0+); and pins  7 ,  9  (HSTX1−; HSTX1+). Each HSTX channel is a differential pair. The 10-pin DMPI connector also includes a receive channel at pins  2 ,  3  (HSRX−; HSRX+) which is also a differential pair. In one embodiment, the 10-pin DMPI connector includes only two HSTX (transmit) channels. 
     In the 10-pin DMPI connector, the receive channel (HSRX) is utilized to receive both user data (USB-like) and control signals sent from the sink device  150 . Furthermore, over each transmit channel (HSTX0, HSTX1), high speed multimedia signals multiplexed with user data (USB like) and control signals are transmitted to the sink device  150 . The user data is saved in the memory unit  130 . As more channels are available, the throughput of the DMPI is increased. Specifically, higher bandwidth (relative to the 6-pin configuration) of high speed multimedia signals and user data can be transmitted to the sink device  150 . In one embodiment, the bandwidth on the HSTX channels is fixed and is determined based on the resolution of video streams and type of the memory unit  130 . Exemplary bandwidths of the DMPI in a 10-pin connector configuration for different video streams resolutions and types of memory units are provided in Tables 6A, 6C and 6B: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 6A 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 BW 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 required 
               
               
                   
                 No. of 
                 to 
               
               
                   
                 bits 
                 transfer 
                 SDCard 
                 SDCard 
                 SDCard 
               
               
                   
                 per 
                 video 
                 SDR12 
                 SDR104 
                 UHS156 
               
               
                   
                 pixel 
                 [Gbps] 
                 [Gbps] 
                 [Gbps] 
                 [Gbps] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 BW for user data 
                   
                   
                 0.1 
                 0.832 
                 1.56 
               
               
                 3D720p30 Hz Or 
                 24 
                 3.56 
                   
                 6.120 
                 7.030 
               
               
                 1080P60 Hz 
                 16 
                 2.37 
                   
                   
                 5.545 
               
               
                 3D1080P60 OR 
                 24 
                 7.13 
                 9.663 
                 10.578 
               
               
                 4K2KP30 
                 16 
                 4.75 
                 6.688 
                 7.603 
                 8.513 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 6B 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 BW 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 required 
               
               
                   
                 No. of 
                 to 
               
               
                   
                 bits 
                 transfer 
                   
                 eMMC 
               
               
                   
                 per 
                 video 
                 eMMC 
                 HS 
                 eMMC 
               
               
                   
                 pixel 
                 [Gbps] 
                 Legacy 
                 DDR 
                 HS200 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 BW for user data 
                   
                   
                 0.104 
                 0.832 
                 1.6 
               
               
                 3D720p30 Hz Or 
                 24 
                 3.56 
                 5.210 
                 6.120 
                 7.080 
               
               
                 1080P60 Hz 
                 16 
                 2.37 
                   
                   
                 5.595 
               
               
                 3D1080P60 OR 
                 24 
                 7.13 
                 9.668 
                 10.578 
               
               
                 4K2KP30 
                 16 
                 4.75 
                 6.693 
                 7.603 
                 8.563 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 6C 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 BW 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 required 
               
               
                   
                 No. of 
                 to 
               
               
                   
                 bits 
                 transfer 
                 UFS 
                 UFS 
                 UFS 
               
               
                   
                 per 
                 video 
                 Gear 1 
                 Gear 2 
                 Gear 3 
               
               
                   
                 pixel 
                 [Gbps] 
                 [Gbps] 
                 [Gbps] 
                 [Gbps] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 BW for user data 
                   
                   
                 1.25 
                 3 
                 5.8 
               
               
                 720p60 Hz 
                 24 
                 1.78 
                   
                 6.600 
                 10.100 
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 1.18 
                   
                 5.860 
                 9.360 
               
               
                 3D720p@30 Hz Or 
                 24 
                 3.56 
                 6.643 
                 8.830 
               
               
                 1080P@60 Hz 
                 16 
                 2.37 
                   
                 7.345 
                 10.845 
               
               
                 3D1080P@60 Hz 
                 16 
                 4.75 
                 8.125 
                 10.313 
               
               
                 OR 4K2KP30 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The column “BW required to transfer video” represents the video resolution bandwidth for transferring only uncompressed video (without any data) as defined by standard multimedia interfaces. Table 6A lists the bandwidth of the HSTX channels in the 10-pin configuration for SDcard types SDR 12, SDR 104, UHS 156; Table 6B lists the bandwidth of the HS TX channels for eMMC type Legacy, High-Speed (HS) DDR, and HS 220; and Table 6C lists the bandwidth of the HS TX channels for UFS types Gear 1, Gear 2, and Gear 3. 
     As shown in Tables 6A, 6B, and 6C, the throughput of the DMPI is higher than the video resolution bandwidth even when simultaneously transferring data from the memory unit  130  to the sink device  150  over the cable  160 . For example, the video resolution bandwidth required to transfer video at 4K2KP30 is 7.13 bps and the bandwidth for user data when the memory unit  130  is an SDcard SDR 104 type of storage is 0.83 Gbps. In such configurations, the bandwidth of the HSTX channels of the DMPI is 10.578 Gbps. 
     The mechanical characteristics (e.g., shape, size, etc.) may be the same as the 10-pin standard AB micro USB connector. However, it should be noted that the DMPI connector can be defined using mechanical characteristics different that those of a 10-pin micro USB connector. 
     In accordance with one embodiment, the 10-pin DMPI connector can be connected to a “Y-type” cable having, at one end, the 10-pin DMPI connector and, at the other end of the cable two connectors. In one embodiment shown in  FIG. 2A , a handheld device  200  includes a DMPI 10-pin connector  210  that allows connectivity through a Y-type cable  201  to a USB host (not shown) having a USB connector  220  and a sink device (not shown) having a MHL connector  230 . The MHL connector  230  serves as the sink connector for a MHL source device and it is realized as a 19-pin HDMI connector. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2A , the V BUS  (pin number  1 ) at a DMPI connector  210  is connected to a V BUS  pin at the USB connector  221 ; and the HSTX0 channel&#39;s pins (pins  4  and  6  at the connector  210 ) are respectively wired to the pins of the data channel at the USB connector  220 . Further, the HSTX1 channel&#39;s pins (pins  7  and  9  at the DMPI connector  221 ) are connected the pins of the MHL channel in the HDMI connector  230 . The MHL channel is utilized to transfer video, audio, and auxiliary data encapsulated in TMDS characters. The C BUS  channel of the MHL connector  230  is connected to a circuit that detects an existence of a CBS channel at the DMPI circuit, through pin  6  or  7  at the DMPI connector  210 . 
     In another embodiment shown in  FIG. 2B , a handheld device  200  includes a DMPI 10-pin connector  210  that allows connectivity through a Y-type cable  202  to a USB host (not shown) having a 5-pin USB connector  220  and a sink device (not shown) having a DP connector  240 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 2B , the V BUS  at a DMPI connector  210  is connected to a V BUS  pin at the USB connector  220 ; and the HSTX0 channel&#39;s pins (pins  4  and  6  at the DMPI connector  210 ) are respectively wired to pins of the data channel at the USB connector  220 . Further, the HSTX1 channels&#39; pins at the DMPI connector  221  are connected to the DP lane pins (pins  10  and  12 ) at the DP connector  241 . The DP connector  241  is a 20-pins DP connector. 
     In another embodiment, the DMPI connector  110  includes 5 pins. An exemplary and non-limiting pin out of the DMPI connector  110  having 5 pins is listed in Table 7. 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Pin 
                   
               
               
                 Number 
                 DMPI 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 1. 
                 VBUS 
               
               
                 2. 
                 HSTX− 
               
               
                 3. 
                 HSTX+ 
               
               
                 4. 
                 HSRX 
               
               
                 5. 
                 GND 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     In this configuration, the HSRX channel is not a differential pair, but rather a single line utilized to transfer data and control signals from the sink device to the handheld device. The mechanical characteristics (e.g., shape, size, etc.) may be the same as a 5-pin standard AB micro USB connector. However, it should be noted that the DMPI connector  110  can be defined using mechanical characteristics different than those of a standard AB micro USB connector. 
     It should be further noted that the indicated pin numbers in Tables 3, 5, and 7 and in reference to  FIGS. 2A and 2B  are only examples used for ease of understanding. One of ordinary skill in the art recognizes that the pin assignments may be designed to be in any location based on design expediency. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 1 , the sink device  150  also includes an interface connective circuit  155  which may compliant with one of the MHL, MyDP, DisplayPort™, USB 2.0, and USB 3.0 devices. The circuit  155  can also provide connectivity interface according to the DMPI disclosed herein below. Therefore, in order to configure the handheld device  100  to send signals that would be properly processed by the sink device  150 , the DMPI circuit  120  automatically recognizes the type of interface connectivity supported by the circuit using a recognition method. The DMPI circuit  120  is a physical layer interface capable of processing DMPI, USB, MHL, and MyDP signals. Thus, the DMPI circuit  120  recognizes the type of the mobile connectivity interface connected at the other end of the cable  160 , and configures the handheld device  100  accordingly. 
     For example, if the sink device  150  supports a MHL connectivity interface, the DMPI circuit  120  recognizes that a MHL type of interface is connected at the other end of the cable  160 , and sets the handheld device  100  to process MHL signals. This includes, for example, setting analog circuits of an analog front-end of the DMPI circuit  120  to a mode of operation compliant with the source device. The DMPI circuit  120  also recognizes when a charging current flows from the sink device  150 , and enables the recharging the battery  170 . 
       FIG. 3  shows an exemplary and non-limiting flowchart  300  describing the recognition method according one embodiment. The method is performed during the initialization of the devices and or the circuits  120  and  155 . At S 310 , the HSRX channel in the DMPI connector  110  is sensed to detect a signal sent from the sink device  150  over the HSRX channel. 
     At S 320 , it is determined if such a signal is received on the HSRX channel. If so, at S 325  it is checked if the received signal matches a predefined pattern; otherwise, execution proceeds to S 335 . If the received signal matches a predefined pattern, then, at S 330 , it is determined that the connectivity interface of the sink device is DMPI. 
     At S 335 , one of the pins, e.g., pin  4  of the DMPI connector  110  is sensed to detect if a termination resistor is connected at the other end of the cable in the corresponding pin. If a termination resistor is detected, then at S 340  the resistance value of the termination is measured. 
     At S 345 , a check is made to determine if the measured resistance value is the termination value defined for a USB interface. If so, at S 350  a USB discovery process is performed to determine the type the USB type interface. Specifically, S 350  includes sensing the signal at one of the HSRX channels at the DMPI connector  110 . This allows recognizing the speed mode and the port type of the USB interface connected at the other end of the cable. The speed mode may be one of: Low Speed, Full Speed, and High Speed. The mode of the USB interface is recognized as defined by the USB 2.0 specification. If the speed mode is detected as High Speed, it is further checked to determine if the low frequency periodic signals (LFPS) are transmitted on the HSRX channel from the sink device. If such signals are transmitted, it is determined that the sink device  150  operates in a USB 3.0 mode. 
     As discussed with references to  FIGS. 2A and 2B , the DMPI connector  110  in its 10-pin configuration can also support connectivity interfaces of USB 2.0 and MHL, or USB 2.0 and DisplayPort. In such a configuration, the 5 higher pins ( 1 - 5 ) are used for the USB 2.0 signaling and the lower pins ( 6 - 10 ) are used for the MHL or DP signaling. Therefore, in a 10-pin configuration, if it is determined that the USB type is USB 2.0, another check is made, by sensing, one of the lower pins of the DMPI connector to determine if either a MHL or a DP connectivity interface is connected at the other end of the cable. For example, pin  8  is sensed to check if a control signal received on this pin is related to the MHL or DP. 
     At S 355 , as a result of the USB discovery process, the DMPI circuit  120  sets the handheld device  100  to operate according to the detected USB mode. If the dual-mode is detected, i.e., USB 2.0 and MHL or USB 2.0 and DP, then the DMPI interface circuit  120  is configured accordingly. 
     If S 345  results in a No answer, then at S 360  a check is made to determine if the measured resistance value is the same as the termination value defined for a MHL connectivity interface. If so, at S 365 , the DMPI circuit  120  sets the handheld device  100  to operate in a MHL mode, i.e., to transmit high definition multimedia signals as defined by the MHL connectivity interface. Otherwise, at S 370  the DMPI circuit  120  sets the handheld device  100  to operate in a MyDP mode, i.e., to transmit high definition multimedia signals as defined by the MyDP connectivity interface. 
     Upon recognition of the type of the interface connectivity of a sink (host) device (e.g., device  150 ), the DMPI connectivity circuit  120  is set to be compliant with the interface type of the recognized connectivity. This includes, for example, setting analog circuits of an analog front-end of the DMPI circuit  120  to a mode of operation compliant with the source device. 
       FIG. 4  shows an exemplary block diagram illustrating the DMPI circuit  120  integrated in a handheld device and constructed according to one embodiment. The DMPI circuit  120  includes a recognition circuit  410 , a DMPI physical (PHY) layer circuit  420 , a plurality of physical (PHY) layer circuits  430 - 1  through  430 -N of a plurality of mobile connectivity interfaces, and a USB physical layer  440 . The DMPI PHY layer circuit  420  is connected to a video processor  180  to receive video streams to be transmitted to a sink device. 
     The DMPI PHY layer circuit  420  is also connected to the memory unit  130  to retrieve user data to be transmitted to a sink device. As noted above, the memory unit  130  may be, for example, a memory flash card, such as SDcard, eMMC, and UFS. The DMPI PHY layer circuit  420  multiplexes the video streams with the user data and control signals. The multiplexed signals are transmitted at a fixed bandwidth on the HSTX channel or channels of the DMPI. The bandwidth on the HSTX channel(s) is determined based on the video resolution and the type of the memory card. The DMPI PHY layer circuit  420  also outputs a power signal (PWR) received on the V BUS  channel; such a power signal allows for the charging of the battery of the handheld device. In one embodiment, the DMPI PHY layer circuit  420  can be configured to process signals compliant with the DP connectivity interface. 
     The PHY layer circuits  430 - 1  through  430 -N are of mobile connectivity interfaces, such as MHL, MyDP, and the like. Each PHY layer circuit  430  is connected only to the video processor  180  to receive the video streams, as such PHY layer circuits  430  cannot transfer user data simultaneously with the video streams to the sink device. A PHY layer circuit of a mobile connectivity interface also outputs a power signal (PWR) received from a sink device; such a power signal allowing for the charging the battery of the handheld device. 
     The USB PHY layer circuit  440  can support both USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 modes. The USB PHY layer circuit  440  transmits user data (from the memory unit  130 ) to a sink device or receives user data from the sink device to be stored in the memory unit  130 . 
     The automatic recognition circuit  410  detects the type of the connectivity interface at the sink device and sets the DMPI circuit  120  to operate accordingly. For example, if the connectivity type of the sink device is MHL then a PHY layer circuit  430  that supports the MHL is set and enabled; if the connectivity type of the sink device is DMPI, the DMPI PHY layer circuit  420  is set and enabled; and so on. 
     The automatic recognition circuit  410  implements the automatic recognition process discussed in detail above. In one embodiment, the circuit  410  includes a detector and a logic unit (both are not shown). The detector implements the sensing of the use of HSRX pins of a DMPI connector, and a termination pin at the other end of the cable identifies a pattern and a resistance value of the termination. The logic unit generates a decision regarding the type of the connectivity interface of the sink device based on the detected pattern and/or the resistance value of the termination. The decision making process is described in detail above with respect to  FIG. 3 . 
     Certain embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof. Moreover, the software is preferably implemented as an application program tangibly embodied on a program storage unit or computer readable medium consisting of parts, or of certain devices and/or a combination of devices. The application program may be uploaded to, and executed by, a machine comprising any suitable architecture. Preferably, the machine is implemented on a computer platform having hardware such as one or more central processing units (“CPUs”), a memory, and input/output interfaces. The computer platform may also include an operating system and microinstruction code. The various processes and functions described herein may be either part of the microinstruction code or part of the application program, or any combination thereof, which may be executed by a CPU, whether or not such computer or processor is explicitly shown. In addition, various other peripheral units may be connected to the computer platform such as an additional data storage unit and a printing unit. Furthermore, a non-transitory computer readable medium is any computer readable medium except for a transitory propagating signal. 
     While the present invention has been described at some length and with some particularity with respect to the several described embodiments, it is not intended that it should be limited to any such particulars or embodiments or any particular embodiment. Furthermore, the foregoing describes the invention in terms of embodiments foreseen by the inventor for which an enabling description was available, notwithstanding that insubstantial modifications of the invention, not presently foreseen, may nonetheless represent equivalents thereto. All examples and conditional language recited herein are intended for pedagogical purposes to aid the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and the concepts contributed by the inventors to furthering the art, and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions.