Abstract:
A radiation director is coupled to move under the control of a piezoelectric element. The director directs electromagnetic radiation from a radiation source under the control of the piezoelectric element. In a scanning station embodiment, an electrical signal source is connected to cause the piezoelectric element to vibrate, and a radiation detector is positioned to detect radiation from an object scanned by the radiation. In a radiation scanning method, a piezoelectric element is caused to move in a reciprocating fashion, and the movement of the piezoelectric element is used to direct an electromagnetic radiation beam in a scanning motion.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    This invention relates to electromagnetic radiation scanning apparatus and methods, and more particularly to radiation director apparatus and method using piezoelectric movement.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0004]    Most scanning bar code readers use a spinning motor to rotate a multi-faceted mirror; hexagonal mirror facets are typical. Less commonly, other bar code readers use a voice coil to deflect a flat mirror. A laser beam is reflected off the mirror to a scanning area, where it reflects off the bar code carried by an object to be identified and is sensed by an optical detector. The mirror&#39;s rotation causes the laser beam to scan across the area, with the scan repeated as the beam strikes each successive mirror facet.  
           [0005]    Scanning stations of this type provide a very convenient mechanism for identifying objects, such as in a retail checkout station or on a production line. However, motors employed are relatively bulky and heavy, and consume significant amounts of power.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    In one embodiment of the invention, a radiation director is coupled to move under the control of a piezoelectric element, and a radiation source is configured to direct electromagnetic radiation towards the radiation director. The radiation director directs the radiation under the control of the piezoelectric element.  
           [0007]    In another embodiment of the invention, a scanning station comprises a piezoelectric element, an electrical signal source connected to cause the piezoelectric element to vibrate, a radiation director coupled to move under the control of the piezoelectric element, a radiation source configured to direct electromagnetic radiation towards the radiation director, with the director directing the radiation, under the control of the piezoelectric element, toward an object, and a radiation detector positioned to detect radiation from an object scanned by the radiation.  
           [0008]    In a radiation scanning method embodiment of the invention, a piezoelectric element is caused to move in a reciprocating fashion, and the movement of the piezoelectric element is used to direct an electromagnetic radiation beam in a scanning motion.  
           [0009]    These and other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, taken together with the accompanying drawings.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0010]    [0010]FIG. 1 is a simplified partial block diagram of a scanning station consistent with the teachings of the invention;  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an exemplary piezoelectric bender, configured to be employed in the invention, with some of the dimensions exaggerated; and  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 3 is a plan view of a piezoelectric bender with an alternate light reflector according to another embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0013]    Embodiments of the invention employ an electromagnetic radiation director that is moved by a piezoelectric element, rather than a voice coil or rotary motor in combination with a rotating mirror, to produce a repetitive beam scanner that can be used to read a bar code or for other scanning purposes. The employment of a piezoelectric element results in a smaller and lighter system with a thin profile, a reduction in power consumption, instant starting with no power surge, and almost no heat dissipation. While the invention can be generalized to a unique technique for directing electromagnetic radiation, in its preferred embodiment it is employed as a bar code reader in which the piezoelectric element is used to scan a light beam across the bar code of an object to be scanned.  
         [0014]    An example of such a system is illustrated in FIG. 1. The piezoelectric element, generally indicated by reference number  2 , is implemented as a piezoelectric “bender” in which a flexible blade  4 , which may be a Mylar® film, is caused to vibrate back and forth by a piezoelectric-induced force. An elongate piezoelectric member  6 , which may be formed from any desired piezoelectric material, is sandwiched between a pair of thin film electrodes  8  and  10 , with the blade  4  running along the outer surface of one of the electrodes and extending a distance beyond the piezoelectric assembly. The electrodes  8 ,  10  are configured to be connected across an alternating electrical signal source, such as AC voltage source  12 . The alternating electric field established through the piezoelectric member between the opposed electrodes causes the member to move in a reciprocating fashion, contracting first in one direction and then in the other, as the electrical source alternates. The alternate contractions are illustrated in exaggerated form by dash lines  14  and  16 . This reciprocating motion causes the blade  4 , which is bonded to one of the electrodes, to vibrate as indicated by arrow  18 . Piezoelectric benders are known, and can be obtained for example in the form of a Piezo Fan Blade produced by Piezo Systems, Inc. of Cambridge, Mass. As an alternate to providing a separate blade member, the piezoelectric member itself may extend beyond the electrodes so that the extension functions as a blade.  
         [0015]    Electromagnetic radiation, preferably in the form of a laser light beam  20  from a laser  22 , is directed onto a mirror reflector  24  which is carried by the blade  4 , preferably spaced from the dielectric element. The movement of reflector  24  due to the vibration of blade  4  causes the laser beam to scan back and forth in a repetitive fashion, as indicated by arrow  26 .  
         [0016]    The piezoelectric bender  2  thus serves to redirect the laser beam. This mechanism can be used not just in the context of bar code reading, but whenever it is desired to cause an electromagnetic radiation beam to traverse a linear path; the electrical signal applied to the electrodes on either side of the piezoelectric member control the beam path. If desired, mechanisms other than reflection may be used, such as diffraction, to redirect the beam, with a diffraction element held by and moving with the blade.  
         [0017]    Returning to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the beam  20  is directed by the reflector  24  to scan an area in which bar codes will be presented. For example, this could be a supermarket checkout counter in which an item of merchandise  28  displaying a bar code  30  is moved past the beam. Alternately, the piezoelectric bender and laser could be packaged in a hand-held device used to scan a bar code.  
         [0018]    The laser beam scans across the bar code  30  and is reflected back to a radiation detector  32 , typically a photodiode or phototransistor. This element converts the received laser beam, as modulated by the bar code, to an electrical signal which is delivered to conventional output circuitry  34  that identifies the bar code and performs any desired output functions.  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a piezoelectric bender as provided by Piezo Systems, Inc., with reflector  24  added by bonding it at one end of the mylar blade  4 . The piezoelectric mechanism is provided along the opposite end of the blade, with the lower thin film electrode  10  bonded to the blade and extending somewhat beyond its end, the upper thin film electrode  8  having its outer surface exposed, and the ceramic piezoelectric member  6  sandwiched between the two electrodes. A dielectric circuit board  36  is bonded to the underside of electrode  10  in the area not covered by blade  4 , and extends beyond the end of the piezoelectric element. Wires  38 ,  40  from the electrical signal source  12  (not shown in FIG. 2) are connected to respective conductive traces  42 ,  44  on the upper surface of circuit board  36 , and from there to the upper and lower electrodes  8 ,  10 , respectively. This is shown more clearly in FIG. 3, in which both the wires  38 ,  40  and the conductive traces  42 ,  44  are shown separated from each other. Trace  44  can extend along the surface of the circuit board to directly contact the lower electrode  10 , while trace  42  can be connected to the upper electrode  8  by a wire  46 . Alternate connection mechanisms can also be used, such as feedthroughs or vias that extend through the piezoelectric element from one side to the electrode on the opposite side.  
         [0020]    The bender illustrated in FIG. 3 is similar to that shown in FIG. 2, but employs a different reflection mechanism. Instead of the discrete mirror reflector  24  employed in FIG. 2, in FIG. 3 the end of the mylar blade itself in area  48  is polished to serve as a reflector.  
         [0021]    When implemented as a bar code reader scanning station, the piezoelectric bender can be operated at many different possible oscillation frequencies and scan angles. One such an oscillation frequency range is 60 to 500 Hz (dictated largely by the mass of the mirror), with the beam traversing a scan angle of up to 60 degrees. Any suitable voltage and waveform, such as a sinusoidal, square wave or pulsed waveform, can be used to deflect the mirror, although a sinusoidal waveform is generally preferred.  
         [0022]    While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, numerous variations and alternate embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art. For example, the scanning beam may be in other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum than visible, such as ultraviolet or infrared. While a piezoelectric bender is preferred, other mechanisms such as a reciprocating piezoelectric diaphragm may be used to produce a mechanical motion for the reflector, or even to impart a reciprocating motion to the beam source itself. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention be limited only in terms of the appended claims.