Abstract:
A system and method of maintaining community safety standards within an Internet community. A balance is achieved between open communication and costly supervision of an immersive online community by use of automated algorithms, human supervision and peer monitoring. An automated filtering process is used in conjunction with an evaluation and penalty process. The filter is enhanced over time. A peer-to-peer control and peer-to-administrator reporting scheme complete the system and methods to synergistically to maintain safety and set standards within the community.

Description:
[0001]    This application claims priority from Provisional U.S. patent application Ser. No. 60/288,888, filed May 3, 2001, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The present application is related to U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 10/022,795 entitled “Graphical Interactive Interface for Immersive Online Communities” filed Dec. 20, 2001, the teaching of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     
         [0002]    This application includes material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.  
           [0003]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0004]    The present invention relates to a system and methods for maintaining safe and appropriate behavior in chat communities on the Internet.  
           [0005]    2. Background of the Invention  
           [0006]    With the evolution of increasingly sophisticated Internet tools and the advent of broadband connections, the world-wide web (Web) experience is moving steadily beyond the passive dissemination of information, towards real-time interaction between simultaneous users. Virtual communities exist for groups that share every conceivable interest, hobby, or profession. Increasingly more people of all ages use the Internet as a place to meet other people for work and for play. As a consequence, chat rooms are ubiquitous on the Internet, and accordingly, the maintenance of behavioral standards and safety, especially for young people and minors, is becoming a huge societal concern.  
           [0007]    How should the administrators of a chat site maintain standards and prevent it from degenerating into a forum for types of discussion that were never intended? How can standards be maintained within an environment like the Internet where the participants are anonymous and therefore cannot be held accountable with traditional methods? Around-the-clock real-time monitoring is not economically feasible for most Internet businesses. Some sites use basic word filters to eliminate offensive words from the chat conversation. Unfortunately such simplistic black list approaches can never be exhaustive and are easily outwitted by creative alternate spellings. Other sites use the more extreme form of white list filtering, which only allows the use of approved words. However, not only does this stifle the natural process of language evolution within a community, it is also easy to imagine how extremely offensive phrases can be composed using words that are completely innocent in and of themselves. There are also a number of companies that employ neural network filters to try to determine offensive material. While intellectually interesting, these automated self-learning algorithms have thus far not yet proven themselves to be effective and responsive enough to be widely applicable to chat communities on the Internet. At present, when it comes to understanding and keeping up with the subtleties of language, some degree of human monitoring is still necessary. Microsoft has made some developments into this area that involve users filing complaints and monitors meting out penalties. The Microsoft system can help users and monitors in a community set and maintain community standards, but the turn-around time is dependent upon monitor availability, and response is therefore never immediate. Without any immediately effective mechanisms in place, critical situations within a chat community can degenerate quickly into general mayhem.  
           [0008]    In the face of these inadequacies, many users of the Internet, especially parents, choose to protect themselves and their children using client-side applications like NetNanny and SurfWatch that block out entire Web sites that may contain potentially offensive language. Unfortunately, these systems often render inaccessible, for example, all sites containing medical information on breast cancer, simply because of the occurrence of the word “breast”. Other Internet Service Providers offer their users the ability to disallow chat capabilities. These methods choose to sacrifice content and interaction, the Internet&#39;s two reasons for being, in favor of safety.  
           [0009]    Given these current trends, needs, and difficulties, what can be done to ensure a safe, clean chat environment? What tools and procedures can be implemented that can set and maintain standards within a community without making users feel oppressed or excessively controlled? 
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0010]    Accordingly, the present invention is directed to the maintenance of community safety standards within an Internet community, with the intention of striking a healthy balance between community safety and open communication, while remaining cost effective to administer and maintain.  
           [0011]    To this end, the resulting system integrates automated algorithms, human supervision, and peer monitoring to effectively set and maintain community standards, while minimizing the need for constant real-time human supervision.  
           [0012]    The system and methods include a sophisticated filtering process that effectively blocks undesired words and phrases and evolves along with the language of the community. Aside from software implementations, the design of the system is also based on the assumption that any system of community standards and control will be much more effective if it is designed to educate the users themselves concerning what is acceptable behavior and what is inappropriate behavior. The tools included in this system make the expected standards of behavior clear to all users and share the responsibility of the enforcement between users and administrators. This system has been applied to an existing on-line community and the results suggest that this approach leads to two important outcomes: first, users who do not respect behavioral expectations leave the site quickly, and those that stay quickly learn and stay in compliance with set standards. Incidence of inappropriate behavior dropped by 73% during the first month of implementation. The result is a self-regulated community largely free of inappropriate behavior. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0013]    The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.  
         [0014]    In the drawings:  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 1 is a diagram providing an overview of the multi-tiered nature of the system including the community, the automated processes, and how the administrators function interactively to monitor, maintain, and improve the safety and standards of the community.  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 2 is a flow chart that shows the decisions applied to a given chat phrase which are first evaluated by automated processes and may be passed on to an administrator for evaluation.  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting the automated filtering processes that is applied to each chat phrase.  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting the feedback process that allows for the improvement of the automated filtering processes via human intervention.  
         [0019]    [0019]FIGS. 5A, 5B, &amp;  5 C show possible interfaces for the peer control tools supported by the present system.  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 6 is a flow chart that maps the logical process of the warn tool which is one of the three peer control tools of the present invention.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 7 is a flow chart which shows the procedure of the reporting tool that allows community users to report incidents to system administrators. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0022]    The approach to safety implemented by the present invention for Internet communities that allow chat involves the integration of multiple software tools and processes as well as the collaborative interaction between software components, users of the community, as well as the administrators of the community.  
         [0023]    Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.  
         [0024]    With reference to FIG. 1, chat phrases uttered by the users of the community are processed immediately by the automated filtering processes  31 . Selected chat phrases are passed on to human administrators for further evaluation  32 . Administrators feed back upon the automated processes  33 , so that the word and phrase lists that make up the filters may evolve along with the language of the community. Standards of acceptability are communicated from administrators to community users  34  via a penalty system. Users of the community also help set safety standards using a suite of peer control tools  35  to communicate to the administrators  36 . The following description will elaborate upon the details of each of these five main components of this system.  
         [0025]    The automated filtering processes of this invention detect occurrences of previously defined inappropriate words and phrases before they become public in the community. A given chat phrase  40  follows a strict procedure through the system as depicted in FIG. 2. First, it is analyzed by a set of automated filters  41  that catches not only exact matches to pre-defined words and phrases, but also popular close spellings and other alterations on the theme (to be described in more detail in following sections). If a match is found, the given phrase is rejected, and the user is asked to rephrase  42  the communication. A chat phrase is not made public to the community until it is found to be acceptable  43  by this initial filtering process. Acceptable phrases  43  are then passed through a second filtering process that involves a list of flagged words and phrases that may be objectionable or not, depending upon the context in which it was used step  44 . Phrases flagged by this process are passed on to a human administrator step  45 , who accesses a Web page tool that shows the flagged phrase and the surrounding conversation as well as the behavioral history of the offender. The administrator reviews this information and makes a judgment about the offense and metes out a penalty corresponding to the seriousness of the offense  46 . For the community in which this system has been implemented and tested, the penalties include fines  47  and suspension of chat privileges by muting  48 . For repeated offenders and the most serious offenses, the user may be permanently banished  49  from the community. In any case, the penalties can be applied using the same Web page tool.  
         [0026]    The special characteristic of the automated filtering processes employed in this invention is their ability to detect words and phrases that are less-than-exact matches to items on a pre-defined list. FIG. 3 illustrates the procedure. Each chat phrase  50  is first analyzed for matches against two lists of words and phrases that can be personalized by each individual user  51 :  
         [0027]    [0027] 1 . words and phrases that the user do not wish to say (send)  
         [0028]    [0028] 2 . words and phrases that the user do not wish to see (receive)  
         [0029]    The personal list for outgoing chat phrases is a useful safety feature for preventing personal information such as family names, street addresses, etc. from being communicated unwittingly. The personal list for incoming chat phrases allows users to tailor their on-line environments to their own personal standards.  
         [0030]    If a positive match is found, the phrase is immediately rejected as shown in block  52 A. Otherwise, it is subjected to a series of string manipulations  53  that result in a group of phrases and words. These alternate versions and derived components of the original phrase represent stripped down versions of the original phrase. The purpose of these manipulations is to detect target words even if they have been disguised by extra inserted spaces, periods, and/or other symbols. For the community in which this system has been implemented and tested, the group of phrases  54  includes:  
         [0031]    all-lowercase version of original phrase  
         [0032]    1. all-lowercase version where all non-letters are substituted by periods  
         [0033]    2. all-lowercase version where all non-letters and non-spaces are substituted by periods  
         [0034]    3. all-lowercase version where all consecutive periods are coalesced into one  
         [0035]    4. all-lowercase version where all consecutive spaces coalesced into one  
         [0036]    The group of words  55  includes:  
         [0037]    1. words in the original phrase split based on spaces  
         [0038]    2. words in the original phrase split based on non-letters  
         [0039]    3. words in which all non-letters are converted into periods  
         [0040]    4. words in which all consecutive periods are coalesced into one  
         [0041]    The group of phrases is then matched to a list of patterns  56  that contain target patterns that include real words (typical curse words, for example), close spellings of these words, as well as permutations of these words with periods and spaces inserted between letters. The group of phrases is also matched to a list of longer, less typical offensive words as well as phrases. The group of words is processed for exact matches to a list of words and for start-of-word matches to another list of words that are often used with suffixes, block  57 .  
         [0042]    If a positive match emerges from any part of the above procedure as shown in the summing or comparison step  58 , the chat phrase is rejected  52 B. The user is asked to rephrase the communication, and the rejected phrase is never made public to the community. Only if the phrase is accepted, a shown in step  59 , is the phrase presented to the community.  
         [0043]    It should be emphasized that the words and phrases to be included in these lists should be determined from analysis of the chat phrases used within the given community. The list of rejected phrases  52 B, for instance, should comprise of the most popular offensive words in the community, words for which the users will spend considerable time and effort attempting to bypass the filter by using alternate spellings, substituting letters with symbols, inserting spaces between letters, etc. These lists should also be continually updated and improved in order to keep up with the natural evolution of language in a community.  
         [0044]    The methodology for this improvement process for this system is depicted in FIG. 4. Even after a chat phrase has passed successfully through the processes illustrated in FIG. 3 and is made public, the analysis continues. This chat phrase  60  is analyzed first by filter list I in step  61 , then using yet another set of filters that determine if it should be passed on to a human evaluator using filter list II in step  62 . The filter lists for this part of the process consist of words and phrases that may or may not be offensive, depending upon its context. A human evaluator  63  is therefore the best judge. If the administrators notice that a given word or phrase is by and large used in an offensive manner and would therefore be more efficiently dealt with by the initial automated filtering process  61 , this word or phrase can then be added to the appropriate pattern lists or phrases lists, step  64 . Analysis shows also that a good indicator of offensive words and phrases in a conversation is the presence of other offensive words or phrases. By forwarding suspected offensive communications together with the surrounding conversation to the administrators, the system also allows the administrators to notice potential new offensive words and phrases to be included in the analysis and be apprised of new developments in the language of the community.  
         [0045]    One of the main components of this system is a set of user tools that allow users of the community to protect themselves, alert others in the community of inappropriate situations, and consequently help define the standards of behavior in the community. These peer control safety tools include warn, silence, vaporize, permanent silence, and permanent vaporize. The system supports two types of user-side interface, as depicted in FIG. 5. One is a graphical interface (FIG. 5A) for use in a graphical chat environment where users are represented by avatars. A drop-down menu is invoked when the user double-clicks on an avatar on the screen. The drop-down menu gives a list of the peer control tools available to the user, and the user simply clicks on the desired tool. The textual interface can be used in both graphical chat environments (FIG. 5B) as well as traditional textual chat environments (FIG. 5C). In each of these cases, the user simply types in the name of the tool followed by the name of the user on which the tool should be applied. Both the textual and the graphical interface have been tested, and both prove to be intuitive and easy to use even for young users between the ages of 8 to 12.  
         [0046]    The process involved with using the Warn Tool is illustrated in FIG. 6. This tool allows users to indicate proactively to another user that he/she is behaving in an unacceptable manner  70 . A clear visual cue that is visible to all members in the chat environment appears, calling all users to alert immediately. In a graphical environment, this visual cue may be a large X marked across the face of the user being warned  73 . In a textual environment, this visual cue may be a change in color or on-off blinking of the name of the user being warned for the first time  78 . If a user is warned a second time  76  in the same chat area, the visual cue changes to indicate the escalation of the situation  77 . For example, the X marked across the user&#39;s face changes from yellow to red. If the user is warned a third time  72 , he/she is ousted from the chat area for a certain amount of time  74 . To prevent abuse of this tool, each user is only allowed to use the Warn Tool once in a given chat area during the course of a chat session  71 .  
         [0047]    The Silence Tool allows users to decide themselves when they no longer want to listen to an offensive or annoying user. When User A applies this tool on User B, chat phrases submitted by User B is no longer transmitted to User A while they are in the same chat area during the current session. User B is still able to communicate with all other users. The Vaporize Tool allows users to stop seeing another user. When User A applies this tool on User B, User B disappears from User A&#39;s screen for the duration of User A&#39;s stay in this chat area during the current session. User B is still seen by all other users and is still able to see User A. The permanent versions of both the Silence Tool and the Vaporize Tool allow the term of silence and disappearance to be extended beyond the current session. User B remains silent/invisible to User A until User A decides otherwise and makes the corresponding changes via a separate Web tool.  
         [0048]    Lastly, the system in this invention allows users of the community to report directly to the administrators of the community, alerting them to the most serious safety situations on the site. It also allows administrators to be kept apprised of the constantly evolving standards in the community, so that the filtering processes of the system may be adjusted and improved to match the standards desired by the community. This is done via the Report Tool, the process of which is illustrated in FIG. 7. Users are asked to file reports  80  as close as possible to the time of the incident, from the same chat area where the incident occurred. When making a report, the reporter is asked to include the time and location of the incident, as well as the reason for the report  81 . Upon submittal, the report is inserted into the database of the system and system administrators are notified via email  82 . An administrator uses an online Web tool to view the report  83 . The report shows the actual time and location of the report, all chat phrases submitted by the perpetrator during this session, and all chat phrases submitted in this chat area from a certain amount of time prior to the arrival of the reporter in the chat area to the time of the report. The report also includes the behavioral history of both the perpetrator and the reporter. The administrator makes a decision regarding the validity of the report based on this information  84 . If the report is judged false or frivolous, the reporter is penalized  85 , so as to maintain the standards of use of this tool. If the perpetrator is judged guilty  86 , the perpetrator is penalized  87 . The perpetrator receives also a notice that indicates the incident in question, the penalty applied, and an explanation of why the behavior is unacceptable. In all cases, the reporter is sent a Report Decision notifying him/her of the decision result. This notification may also suggest that the reporter make use of the other community safety tools such as silence and vaporize. If a penalty was not applied, the reporter also receives an explanation. The online Web tool used by the administrators includes a set of drop-down menus and buttons that trigger pre-defined penalties, explanations, and suggestions that aid in the standardization of decisions and responses.  
         [0049]    The five components described above (the automated filtering process, the evaluation and penalty process, the filter improvement process, the peer-to-peer control tools, and the peer-to-administrator report tool) make up the system in this invention. These processes, methodologies, and tools allow users and the administrators of an online chat community to act synergistically to maintain safety and set standards within a community. The implementation of this system in an existing online community has resulted in a 73% reduction of inappropriate and/or offensive chat incidents within one month.  
         [0050]    While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.