Abstract:
The invention relates to a nucleic acid fragment derived from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome, characterized in that it contains one of the sequences I, II, III and IV, defined in the following manner: 
     I: a sequence chosen from one of the sequences A to H: 
     A: 5&#39;-CCCGCGGCAAAGCCCGCAGGACCACGATCG-3&#39; (SEQ ID NO. 1) 
     B: 5&#39;-CGACCCGCCAGCCCAGGATCCTGCGAGCGT-3&#39; (SEQ ID NO. 2) 
     C: 5&#39;-GGCGGGTCCAGATGGCTTGCTCGATCGCGT-3&#39; (SEQ ID NO. 3) 
     D: 5&#39;-GTTGGCGGGTCCAGATGGCTTGCTCGATCG-3&#39; (SEQ ID NO. 4) 
     E: 5&#39;-TCAAAGGGTTTGACAAATTAATGATTGGTC-3&#39; (SEQ ID NO. 5) 
     F: 5&#39;-TCGTGTACAAAATGTGGACAAGTA-3&#39; (SEQ ID NO. 6) 
     G: 5&#39;-TCGACGGACGTCGTGACCAGAAGTC-3&#39; (SEQ ID NO. 7) 
     H: 5&#39;-GTCGACACGCCTTCTGCACGGGAAGTCCTT-3&#39; (SEQ ID NO. 8) 
     II: a sequence containing at least 10 consecutive bases of one of the sequences A to F And having a total length of approximately 20 to 40 bases; 
     III: a sequence having a length of 20 to 40 bases which hybridizes with the sequence I or with the sequence II, and which preferably displays at least 80% homology with these sequences; 
     IV: a sequence complementary to one of the sequences I, II and III.

Description:
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/983,552, filed as PCT/FR91/00457, Jun. 7, 1991 published as WO91/19004, Dec. 12, 1991, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to a specific nucleic acid sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as to particular fragments of this sequence capable of playing the role of nucleic acid primers in the amplification of DNA originating from Mycobacterium in a biological sample. The invention also relates to a method for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a biological sample, this method making use of the said nucleic acid primers. 
     The mycobacteria correspond to the genus Mycobacterium which comprises at least 54 different species. 
     Among the latter, about 10 are pathogenic or opportunistic pathogens for man or animals. M. tuberculosis is the agent responsible for tuberculosis. 
     2. Description of the Related Art Including Information Discussed Under 37 C.F.R. §§1.97-1.99 
     It is known that this disease represents a major problem for Public Health; in fact, there are at present between 15 and 60 million individuals suffering from tuberculosis in the world and 2 to 3 million people die each year as a result of this disease. In the developed countries, M. tuberculosis is the most common cause of mycobacterial infection. In France, about 10 new cases of tuberculosis appear each year. Vaccination by means of BCG (the Calmette-Guerin Bacillus, an attenuated strain of M. bovis) is far from being efficacious for all populations. This efficacy varies from about 80% in Western countries such as England to 0% in India (results of the last vaccination trial at Chingleput). Furthermore, the appearance of M. tuberculosis strains resistant to the usual antitubercular drugs and the existence of a correlation between tuberculosis and AIDS adds to the urgency of the need to develop a rapid method for the detection and identification of the mycobacteria. 
     For example, an epidemiological study carried out in Florida has shown that 10% of patients infected with AIDS were suffering from tuberculosis at the time when AIDS was diagnosed or 18 months before that. In 60% of these patients, tuberculosis appears in a disseminated form, hence not detectable by the standard diagnostic criteria such as pulmonary radiography or the analysis of sputum. 
     Finally, the diagnosis of tuberculosis and of other related mycobacterioses is difficult to carry out for various reasons: the pulmonary diseases caused by different mycobacteria cannot be clinically, radiologically or histologically distinguished; the mycobacteria are often present in small quantities and when they are present in quantities detectable by the methods classically used, the disease is already well developed and the patients present a risk of contagion to their close relatives; furthermore, on account of the very long generation time of these bacteria (24 h in the case of M. tuberculosis compared with 20 min for E. coli), the culture of these organisms is difficult. Thus 6 to 8 weeks are required to identify the microbes and even longer to obtain an antibiogram which can be used for adequate treatment of the patients. The need for a detection test not requiring the culture of the microbes and which can be used directly on pathological samples, even when the microbes are present in them in low concentrations, is thus essential. 
     Several procedures are presently used in the clinic to identify a mycobacterial infection. 
     First of all, the direct detection of the microorganism with the microscope should be mentioned: this procedure is rapid but does not permit the identification of the mycobacterial species observed and lacks sensitivity in as much as a large number of microorganisms must be present in the sample (&gt;104/ml) for reliable detection (BATES J., CHEST, 1979, 76, (suppl.), 757-763). 
     When they are positive, the cultures have a specificity approaching 100% and permit the identification of the mycobacterial species isolated; nonetheless, as explained above, the growth of the mycobacteria in vitro requires from 3 to 6 weeks and when few mycobacteria are present at the site of the infection, repeated cultures are necessary in order to ensure a positive result (BATES J., 1979 and BATES J., et al., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1986, 134, 415-417). The serological procedures may prove to be useful under certain conditions but their use is limited by their low sensitivity and/or their low specificity (DANIEI. T. M. et al., Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1987, 135, 1137-1151). 
     The presence or absence of mycobacteria can also be determined by hybridization with DNA or RNA by using specific probes of the DNA sequences (KIEHN T. E. et al., J. Clin. Microbiol., 1987, 25, 1551-1552; ROBERTS M. C. et al., J. Clin. Microbiol., 1987, 25, 1239-1243; DRAKE T. A. et al., J. Clin. Microbiol., 1987, 25, 1442-1445). However, these methods are based on the polymorphism of the nucleotide sequences of the fragments used or on the polymorphism of the neighbouring regions and also require the culture of the microorganisms. 
     THIERRY et al. (Nucl. Acid Res., Vol. 18 No. 1, p. 188) have described a specific sequence from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and designated it as IS 6110. The authors propose to use this sequence as a nucleotide probe for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, the amounts of mycobacterial DNA present in most of the biological samples are insufficient to give a positive signal; the hybridization technique using a nucleotide probe has thus been shown to be unsuitable for the identification of mycobacterial DNA extracted directly from biological samples. 
     In order to surmount this problem, some researchers have suggested amplifying specifically the DNA originating from the mycobacterium by using nucleotide primers in an amplification method such as the polymerase chain reaction (P.C.R.). PATEL et al. (J. Clin. Microbiol., Mar. 1990, 513-518) have described the use of several nucleotide primers selected from a sequence known to be a probe in the identification of M. tuberculosis. However, the length of the fragments obtained by using these primers was different from the expected theoretical length, and several fragments of variable size were obtained. Furthermore, the researchers observed no hybridization of the amplified products with the plasmid which was used to define the primers. These results indicate that these primers would not be suitable for the detection of the presence of M. tuberculosis in a biological sample and confirm the crucial nature of the choice of the primers. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the present invention is to provide a method of detection of M. tuberculosis which is both specific, sensitive and reliable, and which does not require prior culture of the mycobacteria. The invention relates to a nucleic acid fragment derived from the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, characterized in that it includes one of the sequences I, II, III and IV, defined in the following manner: 
     I: a sequence  SEQ ID NOS: 1-8! selected from one of the sequences A to H: 
     A: 5&#39;-CCCGCGGCAAAGCCCGCAGGACCACGATCG-3&#39; 
     B: 5&#39;-CGACCCGCCAGCCCAGGATCCTGCGAGCGT-3&#39; 
     C: 5&#39;-GGCGGGTCCAGATGGCTTGCTCGATCGCGT-3&#39; 
     D: 5&#39;-GTTGGCGGGTCCAGATGGCTTGCTCGATCG-3&#39; 
     E: 5&#39;-TCAAAGGGTTTGACAAATTAATGATTGGTC-3&#39; 
     F: 5&#39;-TCGTGTACAAAATGTGGACAAGTA-3&#39; 
     G: 5&#39;-TCGACGGACGTCGTGACCAGAAGTC-3&#39; 
     H: 5&#39;-GTCGACACGCCTTCTGCACGGGAAGTCCTT-3&#39; 
     II: a sequence including at least 10 consecutive bases of one of the sequences A to H and having a total length of about 20 to 40 bases; 
     III: a sequence having a length of 20 to 40 bases which hybridizes with sequence I or with sequence II, and which preferably exhibits at least 80% homology with these latter; 
     IV: a sequence complementary to one of the sequences I, II or III. 
     The invention also relates to a couple of nucleic acid fragments derived from the genome of Mycobaterium tuberculosis, capable of playing the role of nucleotide primers in the amplification of the DNA originating from the said Mycobacterium in a biological sample, characterized in that it consists of two sequences selected from the sequences I to IV. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1A depicts a stained and electrophoresed agarose gel including multiple lanes corresponding to amplified DNAs of various bacterial species belonging to the genus Mycobacterium, one lane corresponding to a size marker and one lane corresponding to a TE buffer; 
     FIG. 1B depicts the results obtained by use of plasmid pMT02 as a probe on the amplified DNAs of various bacterial species belonging to the genus Mycobacterium; 
     FIG. 2 depicts a gel verifying the specificity of the primers with respect to DNA originating from E. coli or human cells; 
     FIG. 3 depicts the results of an agarose gel analysis after PCR on biological samples obtained from 11 different persons; 
     FIG. 4 depicts an agarose gel of M. tuberculosis DNA amplified with different oligonucleotide primer couples; 
     FIG. 5 depicts a Southern blot demonstrating the specificity of plasmid pMT02 as a probe for verification of various amplified and digested mycobacterial DNAs; 
     FIG. 6 depicts the complete sequence including the primers A to H; and 
     FIG. 7 depicts the restriction map of the sequence shown in FIG. 6. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The inventors have identified this series of nucleic acid fragments capable of playing the role of primers starting from the sequence IS 6110 (Nucl. Acid. Res. Vol 18 No. 1, 1990) and sequences which are next to the sequence IS 6110 in the genome of M. tuberculosis. These latter have been identified in the framework of this invention by the inventors. The sequence IS 6110 described in Nucl. Acid. Res., Vol. 18 No. 1, 1990 forms part of the sequence shown in FIG. 6. More particularly, the sequence IS 6110 extends from base 327 to base 1687 of the sequence shown in FIG. 6. 
     The primers of the invention exhibit characteristics essential for their use in the selective amplification of DNA from M. tuberculosis, namely the absence of homology with the human genome and the absence of amplification of related sequences likely to be present in the biological sample (for example the E. coli sequence IS 3411). Furthermore, the inventors have observed that the results obtained by using the primers of the invention are very reliable in as much as the length of the fragments obtained corresponds to the expected, theoretical length and are a constant length which does not vary. This is true even for the primer couples which lead to the amplification of very long fragments (of the order of 1000 to 1500 bases) where the risk of interruption of the polymerization is very high on account of the effects of the secondary structure of the sequence. Furthermore, a check of the amplification products by means of hybridization with a nucleotide probe containing the sequence shown in FIG. 6 or a fragment of this sequence confirms the reliability of the method. These results could not have been foreseen. Starting from the sequence IS 6110, it would be possible to prepare a large number of nucleotide primers, but few of them would be efficient and/or specific. 
     FIG. 6 illustrates the positions of the primers A to H with respect to the entire sequence. 
     FIG. 7 shows the restriction map of the sequence shown in FIG. 6. 
     According to an embodiment of the invention, the primer couple is selected from the sequences I to IV such that the product of amplification has a length of between 100 and 300 nucleotides, for example between about 100 and 200 nucleotides. Couples in which the positive primer is constituted of the sequence A and the negative primer is constituted of one of the sequences B, C and D, are particularly preferred. Another particularly preferred primer couple is that in which the positive primer is constituted of the sequence H and the negative primer is constituted of the sequence complementary to the sequence G. 
     The primers of the invention can also be constituted of a sequence II which has a length of 20 to 40 bases and which includes at least 10 consecutive bases of one of the sequences A to H. As an example of this type of primer, mention may be made of fragments of one of the sequences A to H having between 20 to 30 bases and also of one of the sequences A to H to which linkers have been added, for example a EcoRI linker, GAAT. It is particularly preferred to use primers in which the first 5 nucleotides at the 3&#39; end are 100% homologous to those present in the corresponding part of the sequence to be amplified. It is also possible to use as primer a sequence III having a length of 20 to 40 bases which hybridizes under stringent conditions with the sequence I or II. This type of sequence usually exhibits at least 80% homology with the sequence with which it hybridizes. In this manner, it is possible to replace some bases of the sequences A to H with other bases or to add bases to the ends of the sequences A to H. The stringent conditions are those normally used in the art. 
     The invention also relates to sequences IV which are sequences complementary to one of the sequences I, II or III, for example complementary to one of the sequences A to H. 
     The invention also relates to a method for the detection of the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a biological sample, characterized by the following steps: 
     i) the placing of the biological sample in contact with a couple of nucleic acid fragments, so-called primers, according to the invention, the DNA contained in the sample having been, if necessary, made accessible to hybridization beforehand and under conditions leading to hybridization of the primers with the DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis; 
     ii) amplification of the DNA of Mycobaterium tuberculosis; 
     iii) detection of the amplification of DNA fragments corresponding to the fragment flanked by the primers, for example by means of gel electrophoresis; 
     iv) confirmation, if necessary, of the sequence of the amplified fragment, for example, by means of hybridization with a specific probe, by sequencing or by analysis of restriction sites. The biological sample may be any sample likely to contain M. tuberculosis, for example sputum, urine, blood. Usually, the samples are subjected to a treatment in order to extract the DNA and to make it accessible to hybridization. These treatments are known to the art. The conditions used for the amplification are the following: 
     
         ______________________________________ 1st cycle  i)    about 94° C. 5 minutes                                 1 X      ii)   about 60° C. 1 minute subsequent       i)   about 94° C. 15 seconds                                  20 tocycles     ii)   about 60° C. 1 minute                                 40 X last       i)    about 94° C. 15 seconds                                 1 Xcycle      ii)   about 60° C. 5 minutes______________________________________ 
    
     The demonstration that amplification has occurred may be performed by means of gel electrophoresis, for example on an agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide. After having carried out the amplification it is possible, in the framework of the invention, to verify the sequence of the amplified fragment, for example by means of hybridization with a nucleotide probe, the said probe comprising at least a part of the sequence. Such probes are the plasmids pMT01, containing the bases 1 to 1152 of the sequence shown in FIG. 6 and the plasmid pMT02, containing the bases 309 to 1219 of the said sequence. Other suitable probes would be any probe having a length of at least 20 bases, capable of hybridizing under stringent conditions with a part of the sequence IS 6110 situated between the two primers selected. Particularly preferred probes are the following sequences J, K, L, M: 
     J: 5&#39;-CTGATCCGGCCACAGCCCGTCCCGCCGATC-3&#39;(SEQ ID NO: 9) 
     K: 5&#39;-AGGCGTCGGTGACAAAGGCCACGTAGGCGA-3&#39;(SEQ ID NO: 10) 
     L: 5&#39;-CGAGGACCATGGAGGTGGCCATCGTGGAAG-3&#39;(SEQ ID NO: 11) 
     M: 5&#39;-TGCCCTCATTGGCAACGTTTGCGCCCTGCC-3&#39;(SEQ ID NO: 12) 
     The hybridization conditions used for such a check might be the following: 
     
         ______________________________________hybridization: about 65 to 68° C.            6 × SSC            10% dextran sulfate            5 × Denhardt&#39;s            10 mM EDTA            0.5% SDS            100 μg/ml of salmon sperm DNAwashing: about 65° C.            2 × SSC (twice for 10 min)            2 × SSC + 0.1% SDS            (once for 30 mn)            0.1 × SSC (once for 10 min)______________________________________ 
    
     1×SSC corresponds to 0.15M NaCl and 0.05M Na citrate and a 1×Denhardt&#39;s solution corresponds to 0.02% Ficoll, 0.02% polyvinylpyrrolidone and 0.02% bovine serum albumin. 
     Other means to check the identity of the amplification products consists in the direct sequencing of the fragment or in an analysis of restriction sites. However, this check is not an obligatory step of the method, since the primers of the invention lead to very faithful amplification of the sequence. 
     It is to be noted that the amplification according to the invention is specific for the DNA of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (see, for example FIGS. 1A and 1B). The amplification observed with the DNA of M. bovis-BCG, M. bovis and M. microti does not lessen the usefulness of the method in as much as these mycobacteria are not likely to be present in a sample of human origin. M. bovis is responsible for tuberculosis in cattle and M. microti is the causal agent of tuberculosis in rodents. The primers of the invention do not lead to any amplification of DNA originating from other types of Mycobacteria such as M. fortiutum, M. gordonae, M. avium, etc. 
     Furthermore, the primers of the invention do not amplify DNA of human or bacterial origin (for example E. coli). This is illustrated in FIG. 2. 
     The invention also relates to a kit for the detection of the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a biological sample, characterized in that it contains the following elements: 
     a couple of nucleic acid fragments according to any one of the claims 1 to 5; 
     the reagents necessary to carry out an amplification of DNA; 
     possibly a component making it possible to check the sequence of the amplified fragment, more particularly a nucleotide probe according to any one of the claims 8 to 10. 
     The invention also relates to the entire sequence shown in FIG. 6. The inventors have observed that this sequence contains two open reading frames, one of which resembles a gene coding for a transposase. 
     The invention will be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Example 1 
     selection and synthesis of the oligonucleotide primer couples. 
     Starting from the complete sequence illustrated in FIG. 6, several oligonucleotide primer couples were selected and synthesized. These primer couples are illustrated below. For some of these primer couples, the sequences of the oligonucleotide probes likely to be used to detect the amplification products are indicated: 
     Primer Couple No. 1 
     positive primer  SEQ ID NO: 1!: 5&#39;-CCCGCGGCAAAGCCCGCAGGACCACGATCG-3&#39; 
     negative primer  SEQ ID NO: 2!: 5&#39;-CGACCCGCCAGCCCAGGATCCTGCGAGCGT-3&#39; 
     length of the amplified fragment excluding primers: 141 
     probes for the primer couple No. 1 
      SEQ ID NO: 9! 1) 5&#39;-CTGATCCGGCCACAGCCCGTCCCGCCGATC-3&#39; 
      SEQ ID NO: 10! 2) 5&#39;-AGGCGTCGGTGACAAAGGCCACGTAGGCGA-3&#39; 
     Primer Couple No. 2 
     positive primer  SEQ ID NO: 1!: 5&#39;-CCCGCGGCAAAGCCCGCAGGACCACGATCG-3&#39; 
     negative primer  SEQ ID NO: 3!: 5&#39;-GGCGGGTCCAGATGGCTTGCTCGATCGCGT-3&#39; 
     length of the amplified fragment excluding primers: 201 
     probes for the primer couple No. 2 
      SEQ ID NO: 9! 1) 5&#39;-CTGATCCGGCCACAGCCCGTCCCGCCGATC-3&#39; 
      SEQ ID NO: 11! 2) 5&#39;-CGAGGACCATGGAGGTGGCCATCGTGGAAG-3&#39; 
     Primer Couple No. 3 
     positive primer  SEQ ID NO: 1!: 5&#39;-CCCGCGGCAAAGCCCGCAGGACCACGATCG-3&#39; 
     negative primer  SEQ ID NO: 4!: 5&#39;-GTTGGCGGGTCCAGATGGCTTGCTCGATCG-3&#39; 
     length of the amplified fragment excluding primers : 204 
     probes for the primer couple No. 3 
      SEQ ID NO: 9! 1) 5&#39;-CTGATCCGGCCACAGCCCGTCCCGCCGATC-3&#39; 
      SEQ ID NO: 13! 2) 5&#39;-CGTCGAGGACCATGGAGGTGGCCATCGTGG-3&#39; 
     Primer Couple No. 4 
     positive primer  SEQ ID NO: 1!: 5&#39;-CCCGCGGCAAAGCCCGCAGGACCACGATCG-3&#39; 
     negative primer  SEQ ID NO: 5!: 5&#39;-TCAAAGGGTTTGACAAATTAATGATTGGTC-3&#39; 
     length of the amplified fragment excluding primers 740 
     Primer Couple No. 5 
     positive primer  SEQ ID NO: 1!: 5&#39;-CCCGCGGCAAAGCCCGCAGGACCACGATCG-3&#39; 
     negative primer  SEQ ID NO: 6!: 5&#39;-TCGTGTACAAAATGTGGACAAGTA-3&#39; 
     length of the amplified fragment excluding primers: 770 
     Primer Couple No. 6 
     positive primer  SEQ ID NO: 7!: 5&#39;-ICGACGGACGTCGTGACCAGAAGTC-3&#39; 
     negative primer  SEQ ID NO: 2!: 5&#39;-CGACCCGCCAGCCCAGGATCCTGCGAGCGT-3&#39; 
     length of the amplified fragment excluding primers : 980 
     Primer Couple No. 7 
     positive primer  SEQ ID NO: 7!: 5&#39;-TCGACGGACGTCGTGACCAGAAGTC-3&#39; 
     negative primer  SEQ ID NO: 3!: 5&#39;-GGCGGGTCCAGATGGCTTGCTCGATCGCGT-3&#39; 
     length of the amplified fragment excluding primers: 1040 
     Primer Couple No. 8 
     positive primer  SEQ ID NO: 7!: 5&#39;-ICGACGGACGTCGTGACCAGAAGTC-3&#39; 
     negative primer  SEQ ID NO: 6!: 5&#39;-TCGTGTACAAAATGTGGACAAGTA-3&#39; 
     length of the amplified fragment excluding primers : 1550 
     Primer Couple No. 9 
     positive primer  SEQ ID NO: 8!: 5&#39;-GTCGACACGCCTTCTGCACGGGAAGTCCTT-3&#39; 
     negative primer  SEQ ID NO: 14!: 5&#39;-GACTTCTGGTCACGACGTCCGTCGAA-3&#39; 
     length of the amplified fragment excluding primers : 219 
     probe for the primer  SEQ ID NO: 12! couple No. 9 
      5&#39;-TGCCCTCATTGGCAACGTTTGCGCCCTGCC-3&#39; 
     Example 2 
     verification of the specificity of the primers with respect to other types of Mycobacteria 
     The specificity of the primers was verified by using the DNA of various bacterial species belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. 
     The total DNA isolated from samples of different types of Mycobacteria is subjected to amplification by means of the &#34;Polymerase Chain Reaction&#34; (P.C.R.) procedure by using the primer couple No. 1 mentioned in Example 1. 
     The parameters of the P.C.R. steps were selected in the following manner: 
     
         ______________________________________ 1st cycle  i)    about 94° C. 5 minutes                                 1 X      ii)   about 60° C. 1 minute subsequent       i)    about 94° C. 15 seconds                                  20 tocycles     ii)   about 60° C. 1 minute                                 40 X last       i)    about 94° C. 15 seconds                                 1 Xcycle      ii)   about 60° C. 5 minutes______________________________________ 
    
     The products of amplification are analysed by means of electrophoresis on agarose gel and staining with ethidium bromide. 
     FIG. 1A shows the results. The lanes indicated in FIG. 1A correspond to the following samples: 
     
         ______________________________________1 Size markers        7 M. gordonae2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis                 8 M. intracellularae3 M. bovis-BCG        9 M. paratuberculosis4 M. bovis           10 M. scrofulaceum5 M. microti         11 M. avium6 M. fortiutum       12 TE buffer______________________________________ 
    
     FIG. 1B shows the results obtained when the plasmid pMT02 (labelled by means of the AAF according to Kourilsky et al., French patent application 8124131) was used as probe on the amplification products obtained in this example. The construction of the plasmid pMT02 is described in Example 6. 
     Example 3 
     verification of the specificity of the primers with respect to DNA originating from Escherichia Coli or human cells. 
     Human DNA may contaminate the samples to be analysed. The amplification procedure described in Example 2 is applied to samples of total DNA in the presence of the primer couple No. 1. 
     The amplification products are analysed by means of electrophoresis on agarose gel and staining with ethidium bromide. FIG. 2 shows the results, the different lanes corresponding to the following samples: 
     1-Mycobaterium tuberculosis 
     2-Human DNA 
     3-Mycobacterium tuberculosis+human DNA 
     4-DNA of Escherichia coli 
     5-TE buffer 
     Example 4 
     use of the probes on DNAs present in biological samples 
     10 μl of amplified samples taken from the sputum of patients with tuberculosis are loaded onto a 2% agarose gel in TAE buffer (0.04M Tris-acetate, 0.001M EDTA) and 1 pg/ml EtBr. The amplification is performed by means of the polymerase chain reaction (P.C.R.) procedure according to Saiki et al. (Science 1988, 239, 487-491) by using 12.5 pmoles of oligonucleotides (primer couple No. 1) and the DNA of biological samples with 2 U of Taq polymerase in a buffer 50 mM KCl, 10 mM Tris HCl, pH 8.3, 2.4 mM MgCl 2 , 300 μM of deoxyribonucleotides and 100 μg/ml of gelatin. The final volume of the reaction mixture is 100 μl. The parameters of the P.C.R. steps were selected in the following manner: 1 mn at 94° C., 1 mn at 50° C., 1 mn at 72° C. for 40 cycles. 
     FIG. 3 shows the results of the analysis on agarose gel after P.C.R. of these samples. The lanes 1 to 11 correspond to biological samples obtained from 11 different persons. These results were verified by direct reading in the microscope and confirmed the results obtained by amplification: 
     negative biological samples by direct reading : lanes 1-3-4-5-6-9-10; 
     positive biological samples by direct reading : lanes 2-7-8-11; 
     the amplified bands are visualized under UV. 
     Example 5 
     analysis on agarose gel of M. tuberculosis DNA amplified with different oligonucleotide primer couples. 
     10 μl of the amplified samples are loaded onto a 2% agarose gel. The amplification is performed according to the procedure already described by using several primer couples described in Example 1. 
     FIG. 4 shows these results: 
     
         ______________________________________    lane 1:          primer couple No. 8    lane 2:          primer couple No. 7    lane 3:          primer couple No. 6    lane 4:          primer couple No. 5    lane 5:          primer couple No. 4    lane 6:          primer couple No. 2    lane 7:          primer couple No. 1    lane 8:          negative control______________________________________ 
    
     M=marker 
     The amplified bands are visualized under UV. 
     These results confirm that the amplified fragments are of a length corresponding to the theoretical length, calculated from the distance between each primer. It is surprising that in spite of the use of some primer couples leading to the amplification of very long fragments, no interruption of the polymerization resulting from a secondary structure of the sequence is observed. 
     The results were verified by hybridization with the plasmid pMT01 (CNCM I-900 deposited on Aug. 25, 1989) which contains the bases 1 to 1152 of the sequence illustrated in FIG. 6. 
     Example 6 
     construction of the plasmid pMT02 
     The plasmid pMT02 was constructed by cloning a Hind III/Bam HI fragment of 900 base pairs derived from the sequence IS 6110 into the vector pUC18 (fragment which corresponds to the bases 309 to 1219 of the sequence illustrated in FIG. 6). 
     The plasmid pMT02 can serve as probe for the verification of the amplified sequences. The specificity of pMT02 was determined by Southern blot after complete digestion of various mycobacterial DNAs by means of Bam HI. 
     The results are shown in FIG. 5. 
     The different lanes shown in FIG. 5 have the following meanings: 
     
         ______________________________________1 M. tuberculosis2 M. bovis-BCG3 M. bovis               tuberculosis complex4 M. microti5 M. paratuberculosis6 M. intracellularae7 M. scrofulaceum        avium complex8 M. avium______________________________________ 
    
     
         __________________________________________________________________________SEQUENCE LISTING(1) GENERAL INFORMATION:(iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 15(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:CCCGCGGCAAAGCCCGCAGGACCACGATCG30(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:CGACCCGCCAGCCCAGGATCCTGCGAGCGT30(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:GGCGGGTCCAGATGGCTTGCTCGATCGCGT30(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4:GTTGGCGGGTCCAGATGGCTTGCTCGATCG30(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:TCAAAGGGTTTGACAAATTAATGATTGGTC30(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 24 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:TCGTGTACAAAATGTGGACAAGTA24(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 25 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7:TCGACGGACGTCGTGACCAGAAGTC25(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8:GTCGACACGCCTTCTGCACGGGAAGTCCTT30(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9:CTGATCCGGCCACAGCCCGTCCCGCCGATC30(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:10:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:10:AGGCGTCGGTGACAAAGGCCACGTAGGCGA30(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:11:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:11:CGAGGACCATGGAGGTGGCCATCGTGGAAG30(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:12:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:12:TGCCCTCATTGGCAACGTTTGCGCCCTGCC30(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:13:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 30 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:13:CGTCGAGGACCATGGAGGTGGCCATCGTGG30(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:14:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 26 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:14:GACTTCTGGTCACGACGTCCGTCGAA26(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:15:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 1886 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:15:GTCGACACGCCTTCTGCACGGGAAGTCCTTCTGCGGCCATCGTTGCTATGGCCGCTTACT60GCCTTCTAGTCCGTGCGGCTCTCGCAACAGCTCACGGGACCTTTTTGAGGATCGCCACTT120CAGGTCTTCAACTCGCGGATGCCCTCATTGGCAACGTTTGCGCCCTGCCTTGGGGCGGCC180GGCAGCCACCAAGTCGAGCACTTTGCGGCGGAACTACTCGGGGTAACACTTCGGCACGGA240CACGGCTCGTTCGACGGACGTCGTGACCAGAAGTCGAGCAAACCGACTCCACTCTAGCTA300GTGATACAAGCTTTTTTGTAGCCGCGCGATGAACCGCCCCGGCATGTCCGGAGACTCCAG360TTCTTGGAAAGGATGGGGTCATGTCAGGTGGTTCATCGAGGAGGTACCCGCCGGAGCTGC420GTGAGCGGGCGGTGCGGATGGTCGCAGAGATCCGCGGTCAGCACGATTCGGAGTGGGCAG480CGATCAGTGAGGTCGCCCGTCTACTTGGTGTTGGCTGCGCGGAGACGGTGCGTAAGTGGG540TGCGCCAGGCGCAGGTCGATGCCGGCGCACGGCCCGGGACCACGACCGAAGAATCCGCTG600AGCTGAAGCGCTTAGCGGCGGGACAACGCCGAATTGCGAAGGGCGAACGCGATTTTAAAG660ACCGCGTCGGCTTTCTTCGCGGCCGAGCTCGACCGGCCAGCACGCTAATTAACGGTTCAT720CGCCGATCATCAGGGCCACCGCGAGGGCCCCGATGGTTTGCGGTGGGGTGTCGAGTCGAT780CTGCACACAGCTGACCGAGCTGGGTGTGCCGATCGCCCCATCGACCTACTACGACCACAT840CAACCGGGAGCCCAGCCGCCGCGAGCTGCGCGATGGCGAACTCAAGGAGCACATCAGCCG900CGTCCACGCCGCCAACTACGGTGTTTACGGTGCCCGCAAAGTGTGGCTAACCCTGAACCG960TGAGGGCATCGAGGTGGCCAGATGCACCGTCGAACGGCTGATGACCAAACTCGGCCTGTC1020CGGGACCACCCGCGGCAAAGCCCGCAGGACCACGATCGCTGATCCGGCCACAGCCCGTCC1080CGCCGATCTCGTCCAGCGCCGCTTCGGACCACCAGCACCTAACCGGCTGTGGGTAGCAGA1140CCTCACCTATGTGTCGACCTGGGCAGGGTTCGCCTACGTGGCCTTTGTCACCGACGCCTA1200CGCTCGCAGGATCCTGGGCTGGCGGGTCGCTTCCACGATGGCCACCTCCATGGTCCTCGA1260CGCGATCGAGCAAGCCATCTGGACCCGCCAACAAGAAGGCGTACTCGACCTGAAAGACGT1320TATCCACCATACGGATAGGGGATCTCAGTACACATCGATCCGGTTCAGCGAGCGGCTCGC1380CGAGGCAGGCATCCAACCGTCGGTCGGAGCGGTCGGAAGCTCCTATGACAATGCACTAGC1440CGAGACGATCAACGGCCTATACAAGACCGAGCTGATCAAACCCGGCAAGCCCTGGCGGTC1500CATCGAGGATGTCGAGTTGGCCACCGCGCGCTGGGTCGACTGGTTCAACCATCGCCGCCT1560CTACCAGTACTGCGGCGACGTCCCGCCGGTCGAACTCGAGGCTGCCTACTACGCTCAACG1620CCAGAGACCAGCCGCCGGCTGAGGTCTCAGATCAGAGAGTCTCCGGACTCACCGGGGCGG1680TTCACGATTGGGCCGCCGTAAGGAATGCGTCATGAGCGACTTCGCATCACGGGCGACCAA1740TCATTAATTTGTCAAACCCTTTGAGATGCACTACTTGTCCACATTTTGTACACGAAATAC1800CTAACACACTATGGTGCACATCACGCACTTCCACGTTCCGTATTCGGTGTACGATTTGTC1860ACGCAACTAAGCGTTCAAGAGGGAGT1886__________________________________________________________________________