Abstract:
A method for operating an ignition interlock device installed in a vehicle comprises the steps of monitoring the level of a particular parameter associated with a user of the vehicle; generating an output signal when the sensed parameter exceeds a set value; and using the output signal to initiate a wireless signal to a remote receiver. The wireless signal may include user identity data and data reflecting the sensed parameter value. The remote receiver uses the identity data to determine if there exist official personnel associated with the user and if so to send a message to such personnel advising the personnel of the identity of the user and the sensed personnel value. The methodology may be employed with alcohol sensing units installed in a vehicle for monitoring the alcohol level of the driver. The official personnel advised may be dispatched to the location of the vehicle.

Description:
[0001]    The present application claims the benefit of provisional patent application 61/527,479 filed Aug. 25, 2011. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    This invention relates to a vehicle interlock devices, in particular to such a device that is responsive to an input signal, such as a signal derived from a measurement of an individual&#39;s breath alcohol level, to serve as a deterrent from operating a vehicle when in an alcohol-impaired state, and more particularly to a method for operating such a device with an interface to a remote monitoring system. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    It is well recognized that the consumption of alcoholic beverages resulting in intoxication constitutes a significant public health and safety risk. Blood alcohol level (BAC) is a well-recognized determinant for establishing liability under “driving while intoxicated” and “driving while impaired” statutes. It is also well appreciated that the degree of alcohol in the breath is an accurate determinant of blood alcohol level. Thus, there have been numerous devices developed to sense and measure breath alcohol levels, and particularly to serve as an analyzer or testing system in conjunction with an automotive ignition system interlock. Depending upon the breath alcohol level recorded, the vehicle may be prevented from starting, prevented from further operating, or caused to emit a warning or alarm. 
         [0004]    It is accordingly the purpose of the present invention to provide an ignition interlock device which is responsive to the alcohol level in a sensed breath sample which is of broad applicability, which provides an audible interface with the user/driver, and which is of accurate operation. 
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    In accordance with the foregoing and other objects and features, an ignition interlock device constructed in accordance with the present invention comprises a sensor head assembly and a control module. The sensor head includes a breath passageway and a gas sensor for generating an electrical output representative to the level of breath alcohol. The control module receives the electrical signal from the sensor head and contains a microprocessor and associated memory. The device uses audible indicators and messaging to communicate with the driver, allowing the driver to concentrate on the road without having to look at displays, and may include voice synthesis circuitry to provide voice messages during operation. The control module also includes inputs for other sensors whereby the system&#39;s operation may be coordinated with and subject to other inputs which relate to various vehicle operating parameters. 
         [0006]    In certain embodiments, the present invention is directed to an ignition interlock device, comprising a sensor head coupled to a control module having a microprocessor, the sensor head including a breath sample passageway and breath pressure and breath alcohol-responsive sensors for generating a respective output as a continuous function of the parameter sensed coupled to the passageway, and an audible output generator, said control module including means for control of vehicle operation as a function of signal outputs generated by the sensor head, and a switch for alternatively selectively passing one of the outputs of the breath pressure and the alcohol-responsive sensors to the control module. 
         [0007]    In other embodiments, the present invention is directed to an ignition interlock device, comprising a sensor head coupled to a control module having a microprocessor, the sensor head including a breath sample passageway and breath pressure and breath alcohol-responsive sensors for generating a respective output as a function of the parameter sensed coupled to the passageway and an audible output generator, said control module including means for control of vehicle operation as a function of signal output generated by the sensor head, and wireless means for real time reporting test results to a remote location during vehicle travel without otherwise affecting the operation of the vehicle. 
         [0008]    In other embodiments, the present invention is directed to an ignition interlock device, comprising a sensor head coupled to a control module having a microprocessor, the sensor head including a breath sample passageway and breath pressure and breath alcohol-responsive sensors for generating a respective output as a continuous function of the parameter sensed coupled to the passageway, and an audible output generator, said control module including means for control of vehicle operation as a function of signal outputs generated by the sensor head, and a switch for alternatively selectively passing one of the outputs of the breath pressure and the alcohol-responsive sensors to the control module, wherein the control module has the capability of contacting an emergency response 911 operator. 
         [0009]    In other embodiments, the present invention is directed to an ignition interlock device, comprising a sensor head coupled to a control module having a microprocessor, the sensor head including a breath sample passageway and breath pressure and breath alcohol-responsive sensors for generating a respective output as a function of the parameter sensed coupled to the passageway and an audible output generator, said control module including means for control of vehicle operation as a function of signal output generated by the sensor head, and wireless means for real time reporting test results to a remote location during vehicle without otherwise affecting the operation of the vehicle, the remote location being an emergency response 911 call center. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0010]      FIG. 1  is a diagram of the sensor head of the invention. 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram of the circuitry of the sensor head. 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram of the control module. 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram of an enhancement to the invention to provide photographic records; and 
           [0014]      FIG. 5  is a block diagram of a cellular telephone interface for the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0015]    The present invention relates to an ignition interlock device for cars, commercial vehicles and other vehicles such as (but not limited to) motorcycles, airplanes, boats, trains, etc., and to an ignition interlock device that is intended to prevent an intoxicated driver from operating such a motor vehicle. The device is comprised of two parts, a sensor head assembly and a control module, which are interconnected by a cable. 
         [0016]    The sensor head  10  is depicted in  FIG. 1 . The sensor head in the form of a housing having six main components: an air sample tube  12 ; an air chamber  14 ; a moisture and spit trap  16 ; a pressure sensor  18 ; a gas sensor  20 ; and an audible transducer  22 . The air sample tube  12  may be approximately 2″ long with a 0.15″ inside diameter. A small orifice (0.02″ in diameter)  26  is located in the side of the air sample tube, approximately midway along its length, and connects the tube to the air chamber  14 , allowing a portion of a breath sample in the tube to enter the air chamber. The air chamber is designed to be self-evacuating. An exhaust port  28  having a cross-sectional area several times larger than that of the inlet orifice  26  is located on the side of the air chamber opposite the orifice, provides pressure equalization, and allows evacuation of the air chamber without developing significant backpressure in the air chamber. The exhaust port may be approximately 0.15″×0.075″. Gas sensor  20 , responsive to ethanol, is located in the air chamber. It may sit on a floor of the chamber, with a top sensing surface positioned just below the inlet orifice such that the incoming breath sample is directed over the sensing surface. Any one of a variety of sensors known in the art, such as the TGS line of Figaro USA, Inc. of Glenview, Ill., or sensors by FiS of Japan, distributed by Advanced Sensor Products of Canada, may be employed. The FiS SB31 sensor is particularly preferred. As known, the resistance of the sensor is a function of the concentration of the gas to which it is responsive. The air chamber is made large enough to accommodate the gas sensor (approximately 0.3″ in diameter). However, the chamber space above the sensor may be limited to provide a small volume that allows the air chamber contents to be exchanged several times during a breath sample. This may be accomplished by incorporating a small ridge  15  around a portion of an inside circumference of the air chamber which comes in contact with the top of the sensor, creating a baffle-like barrier and regulating the size of the space. 
         [0017]    Sensor head mouthpiece  24 , directs a breath into the sensor head, and is coupled to moisture/spit trap  16 , which in turn exhausts into Y-tube  30 . The air sample tube  12  is connected to the moisture/spit trap  16  through one leg of the Y-tube. The pressure sensor  18 , such as an 0-1.5 psi gauge, Motorola MPX5010GP, is connected to the other leg of the Y-tube. When a breath sample is provided a back pressure is created in the air sample tube. This pressure causes part of the sample to enter the air chamber  14  through the inlet orifice  26  due to the pressure differential resulting from the initially lower pressure in the air chamber. As previously indicated, the air chamber is limited in volume to allow its contents to be replaced several times during a breath sample. This prevents dilution of a current breath sample by residual air present in the air chamber. 
         [0018]    The breath pressure is also applied to the pressure sensor  18  through the Y-tube. This allows both the pressure and duration of the breath sample to be measured by monitoring pressure sensor output. Since the volume of air going through the air sample tube is related to the pressure and the duration of the flow, the total volume of air exhaled can be determined. This ensures that a deep lung breath sample, which is important for an accurate alcohol concentration measurement, has been provided. 
         [0019]    As depicted in  FIG. 2 , the outputs of both pressure sensor  18  and gas sensor  20  are coupled through electronic analog switch  32  to an A/D converter in the control unit by a shielded wire. The position of the switch is controlled by the microprocessor in the control unit. The output of the gas sensor is buffered by amplifier  34 . 
         [0020]    The sensor head  10  also contains audible transducer  22 , which can be an electronic buzzer, used to provide information to the user/driver without requiring the driver to look at a display, allowing the driver to concentrate on the road. In a preferred embodiment, the audible transducer provides a first indication, such as a continuous tone, during a breath sample input so long as the breath sample is of the correct pressure and is continuing towards the proper duration. This provides feedback to the user, allowing the user to continue providing the sample. Once a breath sample of the correct pressure is received for the specified duration the transducer provides a second indication, such as two short duration tones, indicating to the user that the breath sample is valid. A similar indication can be generated prior to the start of a breath sample to indicate that the system is ready to accept a breath sample. All indications are under microprocessor control. Other components and circuitry that may be required to drive the transducer and sensors, and buffer or condition their outputs, are conventional in nature and are not shown. 
         [0021]    Preferably, the system defines and recognizes upper and lower limits for the breath sample pressure to assist in validating the sample. These limits are changed midway through the breath sample. The limit change can be indicated to the user by another indication, such as three short tones with a shorter duration than the initial two tones. The user is required to blow with a moderate pressure during the first interval of the breath sample, and then with a stronger pressure during the second interval of the breath sample. The pressure readings from pressure sensor  18  are compared to values stored in nonvolatile RAM located in the control unit for both intervals of the breath sample. An acceptance window, bounded by the upper and lower limits pressure values, allows rejection of pressure readings that are either too high or too low. This “two blow” method prevents mechanically-generated air samples from being accepted as valid breath samples, as it is difficult to provide and regulate such an air source, particularly in the context of the driver&#39;s seat of an automobile or other vehicle. Attempted circumvention attempts, such as by use of a balloon to generate an airflow, are thus minimized, while still providing ease of use for an individual. Such an approach can be contrasted with other systems that require a hum tone, for example, or other input forms that can be awkward to provide. With a tube construction having the foregoing dimensions, sensed maximum (?) pressure levels of 0.16 psi and 0.41 psi, (are this maximums? What are the minimums?) respectively, have been found to provide suitable results. The durations for each breath interval may be on the order of 3 seconds. 
         [0022]    The provision of spit trap  16  in conjunction with the removes water from the breath air stream. This allows for a simple spit trap design that is washable and reusable. The spit trap, located at the central entrance arm of the Y-tube, adjacent the mouthpiece, may consist of a fine mesh screen that prevents excess moisture from entering the air sample tube and eventually the air chamber. The spit trap may be made part of a mouthpiece assembly  38 . The mouthpiece assembly is preferably designed so that it is to be used with the mouthpiece portion touching only the outside of the user&#39;s lips. This reduces the quantity of moisture accumulation that can occur with other designs that require the user to put a tube in his or her mouth. The mouthpiece assembly preferably removably attached to the Y-tube through a header assembly  40 , allowing the mouthpiece assembly to be easily removed for washing and to allow interchange of personalized mouthpieces. The Y-tube can be formed as an integral part of the header assembly to reduce production costs. 
         [0023]    The small diameter of orifice  26  in the air sample tube further reduces the amount of moisture entering air chamber  14 . The distal end of the air sample tube  12  is provided with flexible tube  42 , the open end of which is positioned adjacent vent aperture  44  in the sensor head. The momentum of remaining moisture is the air stream tends to be carried past the orifice  26 , and is carried by the continuing air stream in the sample tube through flexible tube  42  and out through vent aperture  44 , allowing the moisture in the air sample tube to be vented to the outside atmosphere and preventing condensation in the sensor head. As shown, the end of the tube  42  may be kept a small distance from the vent aperture hole to prevent the user&#39;s hand from blocking the air flow, whereby in such situations the tube  42  can still vent into the interior of the sensor head. The tube  42  is flexible so that it can be bent to conform to the inner construction of the sensor head, allowing the vent aperture  44  to be located as desired and appropriate. 
         [0024]    The gas sensor  20  itself is operated and controlled in a manner so as to reduce the amount of time before a test result is generated. Typically, sensors such as the Figaro line of sensors include an integral heating element, and require a stabilization/oxidation interval before an accurate gas level reading can be obtained. The present invention provides for overlap between the required stabilization/oxidation and the breath sample interval. That is, sensor output is allowed to continue stabilizing during the initial portion of a breath sample, in contrast to waiting for the output to completely stabilize prior to receipt of a breath sample. If the breath sample has no alcohol present, the sensor output will continue to decrease during the breath sample interval. However, if there is alcohol present the sensor output will stop decreasing and remain constant or start increasing, depending on the alcohol concentration. By the end of the sample period stabilization will have occurred, allowing a reading to be obtained in a relatively short amount of time, improving the ease of use of the device. 
         [0025]    As set forth above, sensor  20  includes a heater that raises the temperature of the active sensor element, typically a metal oxide, to a certain temperature to generate a space charge layer from adsorbed oxygen, and the stabilization period is associated with this required heating. As shown in  FIG. 2 , the heater in the sensor is controlled by voltage  46 , which in turn is controlled by the microprocessor and is kept off to conserve power until just prior to a request for a breath sample. The heater is then turned on by the microprocessor and a small delay period is initiated. This allows the sensor the opportunity to start to stabilize (referred to as “initial action”). This delay is small, and is typically 5 to 10 seconds. The request for a breath sample is then provided. The heater remains on during sample reception and continues to heat and stabilize as the breath sample is started. At the end of the breath sample the heater remains energized through a small following delay period which allows the sensor enough time to fully react to the received sample but is short enough that the concentration of the sample in the air chamber remains unchanged (as the user has stopped providing a breath), subject to leakage through the exhaust port  28 . This delay may be approximately 5 to 8 seconds. After this delay the heater is turned off and the sensing period terminated. As may be recognized, any sensor used should have a relatively small sensing element to provide a fast response time to allow this type of operation. 
         [0026]    During the interval when the breath sample is being provided, the pressure sensor  18  is selected and activated by analog switch  32  and its output signal fed to the microprocessor in the control unit. When the microprocessor determines that the end of a proper breath sample has been received, with a correct pressure contour and duration as described above, an output signal from the pressure sensor is no longer required. The switch  32  selects the output from the gas sensor  20  and delivers it to the control unit. The selective switching reduces the number of shielded wires required to couple the sensor head to the control unit. The wires may be part of a sensor head cable  48  depicted in  FIG. 1 , connected to the sensor head by a connector  50  mounted on a circuit board  52  upon which sensor head components are mounted within the head  10 . 
         [0027]    The control unit or module is depicted in  FIG. 3 , and contains a microprocessor  54 , such as a Texas Instruments TM5320OC203PZ, conventional storage RAM  56 ; ROM  58  and nonvolatile RAM  60  for storage of event and setup data. A/D converter  62 , such as a Texas Instruments TLC1550IFN, converts analog signals passed by the sensor head analog switch  32  to digital form for processing by the microprocessor. Speech processor/generator  64 , such as an ISD model 2575S also under microprocessor control, generates speech commands and instructions; its output is fed to audio amplifier  66  and an attached speaker (not shown). A multiple line interface  68  is provided for receipt of signals from the vehicle; while relay driver/interface  70 , driving multiple relay outputs  72 , allows switched control of vehicle systems. Sensor head interface  74  provides necessary control and operation signals to the sensor head. An RS-232 interface  76  is also provided for interconnecting the control module to other equipment. 
         [0028]    The relay outputs  72  can control vehicle systems, such as the vehicle&#39;s lights and/or horn, to provide a variety of functions, including a visual or audible warning in the event a rolling retest, which is a breath test given after the vehicle engine has been started, is failed; control of the vehicle&#39;s starter motor to prevent the vehicle from being started if the driver&#39;s breath alcohol level is over the breath alcohol limit set point; and muting of the vehicle&#39;s radio (among other devices) during generated voice messages or sensor head control signal issuance. The output of audio amplifier  66  may be fed to an external speaker (not shown), but can alternatively be connected to the vehicle&#39;s speaker system using a set of the relay outputs  72  to switch between the vehicle&#39;s radio/audio system output and the audio amplifier. 
         [0029]    The microprocessor and control module also controls the operation of the sensor head components as described above through interface  74 , including control of the analog switch  32 , the gas sensor  20 &#39;s heater, and audio transducer  22 . The output of the analog switch  32  is directed to A/D converter  62  through a shielded wire in the sensor head cable. The sensor head cable may be connected to a mating cable from the control module through a small quick-disconnect inline connector. Such a construction allows the sensor head to be easily removed from the vehicle while providing a vehicle anti-theft feature, particularly if a relay output  72  is connected to the vehicle&#39;s starter circuit as described above, since the interlock device will not allow the engine to be started without a proper output from the sensor head. 
         [0030]    The control module, through the microprocessor, further controls all aspects of the system&#39;s operation, including providing instructions to the driver through voice messages. The methodology is conventional in nature. The messages allow the driver to concentrate on the road rather than watching a display. The messages may include, but are not limited to, reporting the result of a breath test, providing a warning to stop the vehicle if a rolling retest has been failed, providing information whether the vehicle may be started, and generating an alert message to the driver several seconds prior to the request for a breath sample. An optional parental keyswitch can be attached to vehicle input interface  68  to allow an authorized individual, such as a parent of a child for whom the unit was purchased, to override the system. 
         [0031]    All features of the control module are programmable through the RS-232 interface  76 , which may have two levels of programming access. A first level is intended for the installation for the system and may include, but need not be limited to, a selection of the language for voice messages, and entry of the current date and time. A second, higher level of programming is intended for factory use and may include, but need not be limited to, establishment of setpoints for the initial breath test and subsequent rolling retests; limits for the breath pressure and duration; the scheduling and duration of rolling retests; the intended use of the system, such as voluntary, mandate, bus, truck, etc., which may have differing operating and data storage criteria; as well as the features accessible through the first programming level. 
         [0032]    In the case of bus use, for example, the bus brake pedal is monitored for activity through vehicle input interface  68 . The following description of operation of a motion sensing element using the brake pedal is not limited to only brake pedal operation. This motion sensing can also be accomplished using a motion sensor; either a mechanical or solid state acceleration sensor; or a sensor, either mechanical or electrical, that monitors rotation of the drive shaft or wheel rotation or operation of the throttle, clutch or transmission shift lever. When the bus is in normal operation and motion, brake pedal usage (or other sensing element as previously described) will occur at an expected frequency. The expected frequency can be monitored such that the driver will not be required to give a sample during such normal operation. If the bus is stopped for a long period of time with the engine running, such as when the driver is having lunch, the system can detect the next time the brake pedal is used and require the driver to provide a breath sample. This prevents the embarrassing situation of requiring the driver to provide a breath sample while there are passengers aboard the bus. Another time the driver can be required to provide a breath sample is prior to starting the bus&#39;s engine. An override keyswitch can be connected to the interface  68  input to allow a supervisor to start the bus&#39;s engine without the requirement for a breath sample. After the bus&#39;s engine has been started in this manner and the override switch is returned to off, the next time the brake pedal is used the driver will be required to provide a breath sample. The override keyswitch can also allow the bus to be driven by a mechanic for maintenance purposes without the requirement for a breath sample if the keyswitch override is in the “on” position. Although the above description mentions buses as an example, this (and all other descriptions of vehicles in the present disclosure) is intended only as a non-limiting example, and is not limited to buses, but may also include other vehicles such as, e.g., trucks, automobiles, heavy equipment and any other vehicles. 
         [0033]    When the system is installed in a school bus a buzzer or other sounder can be installed at the front of the bus and connected to one of the relay outputs  72 , and a pushbutton safety switch installed at the rear of the bus and connected to one of the interface  68  inputs. When the bus&#39;s engine is shut off the sounder will sound. The driver must then go to the rear of the bus to press the pushbutton to stop the sound and reset the system. The travel of the driver from front to rear of the bus allows inspection of the seats, and prevents children who may have fallen asleep from being left on the bus. The sounder can be interfaced with an override keyswitch to disable operation when appropriate. 
         [0034]    The present invention provides for great flexibility in use, with simplified and economical production of a control module, as only one version of the board needs to be produced. The intended use; voluntary, mandate, bus, school bus, etc. is determined by a setting of the appropriate configuration through the RS-232 interface as described above. The configuration setting, a level 2 function, is intended to be set during production, and would not normally be available to field personnel. Connections to the vehicle are made through appropriate interface cables that connect to the input interface  68  and the relay outputs  72  by means of connectors on or associated with a printed circuit board on which the microprocessor and other components are mounted, as known in the art. Since different models and functionality may require connections and wires with different functions in the interface cables, it may be advantageous to provide contacts for wires for all configurations can be included in the connectors. During production only those wires needed for the intended end use can be included in the interface cables. This eliminates the need to stock a wide variety of boards, and also results in the ability to provide custom configurations using the same board. Functionality may be changed either by re-programming ROM  58  or by changing the ROM to one having the appropriate instruction set. 
         [0035]    Another embodiment of the invention is a version particularly adapted for automobile use. This version uses two smaller control modules instead of one; the first, a Central Processor Unit (CPU), would incorporate the microprocessor  54 , RAM  56 , ROM  58 , nonvolatile RAM  56  for storage of events and setup information, the A/D converter  62 , the speech processor  64  and the RS-232 interface  76 . The second module, the car control module (CCM) would incorporate the relays  72  necessary to control vehicle functions; the relay interface  70 ; the vehicle signal input interface circuitry  68 ; and the audio amplifier  66 . The two modules would include connectors for connection of the sensor head  10  to the CPU, an interconnecting cable from the CPU to the CCM (CPU/CCM interconnect cable) and a connector to allow the CCM to be connected to various circuits in the vehicle (vehicle interface cable). This design can provide for an easier installation in cars with limited space under the dashboard, since the two modules do not have to be installed in the same location. All features of the CPU would be programmable through the RS-232 interface including, but not limited to, the selection of all languages for the voice messages, setpoint setting, limits for breath pressure and duration, the number of rolling retests and their duration, and the current date and time. 
         [0036]    An enhancement that can be included in either version of the control module is the addition of a form of positive identification to deter circumvention of the system. The most common type of circumvention occurs when someone other than the driver provides a breath sample to start the vehicle. The driver then proceeds to drive, possibly with a breath alcohol limit over the setpoint. The enhancement comprises means to record a preferably digital picture of the user taken during the first breath sample when the vehicle is started. This picture serves to identify the “driver”. Subsequent pictures would also be taken during rolling retests. If a retest result is satisfactory, the picture may or may not be saved. The pictures can be saved on a random basis to prevent the driver from knowing when a picture is to be saved while minimizing memory needed to save the images. If the rolling retest is failed, the picture of the first breath sample would be available, along with the picture of the failed test taker. With reference to FIG.  4 , this enhancement can be implemented in the form of an infrared video camera  78  mounted facing the driver&#39;s position; an infrared light source  80 ; a video processor  82 ; and memory  84  in the form of a hard drive or solid state devices. The foregoing may all form an integrated system, provided by third-party suppliers, such as VerifEye Technologies of Ontario, Canada. The video processor may comprise microprocessor  86 ; RAM  88 ; ROM  90 ; video interface  92 , a memory interface  94 ; and an interface  96  to the microprocessor in the control module. The camera is connected to the video processor, while the external memory is connected to the processor as known in the art using a memory controller. As known in the art, the type of controller may be dependent on the type of memory used. The video processor  82  can be located in the control module or can be located in a separate case. Operating software, for processing and storing the picture data can be stored in the ROM, while the video processor interfaces to the microprocessor in the control module, whereby camera operation is controlled. Any circumvention attempts would be recorded by the nonvolatile RAM in the control module. In addition, recognition/comparison software can be utilized to provide “on the fly” analysis of the photographs to immediately determine if the same individual appears in compared photographs. Appropriate outputs can be generated in the event a discrepancy is found. 
         [0037]    In a further embodiment an interface to a cellular telephone or similar communication may be incorporated into the system. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the cellular telephone  98  is connected to an interface unit  100 . If a startup test or rolling retest is failed the phone automatically dials a number stored in software. A recorded message transmitted by the telephone may state that a breath test had been failed, and provides information about the driver and the vehicle&#39;s make, model and license number. This information may also be sent in the form of encoded data. Alternatively, the telephone number of the cellular telephone may be used to identify the driver and/or vehicle. The vehicle&#39;s location can be determined through the cellular network or a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver  116 . The interface may consist of a microprocessor  102 ; RAM  104 ; ROM  106 ; a speech processor/generator  108 ; a dial tone and ring detector  110 , an interface  112  to the telephone&#39;s keypad; and an interface  114  to the GPS unit and to the microprocessor in the control module, Software associated with the interface  112  turns the telephone on, obtains a dial tone, and dials a number stored in the software. The software then waits for a ring tone, repeating the entire process (wait for dial tone, dial and wait for ring tone) until the ring tone is detected. Once the ring tone is detected, the system awaits connection. This can be accomplished, for example, though a counter in the software counting, for example, ten rings. If the full number of rings is counted, signifying a failure of pick-up at the dialed number, the entire process (wait for dial tone, dial, wait for ring tone, count number of rings) would then be repeated. This would continue until the ring tone count ended before ten rings, indicating that the call has been answered. A recorded message from speech generator  108  would then be played or encoded data transmitted. The software would keep the phone active until the connection at the other end was broken. The stored number could be 911 or that of a central dispatch location. The message played or the data sent can be dependent on what event had occurred, i.e., start up test failed, rolling retest failed, etc. Those skilled in the art can readily recognize that in place of the cellular telephone other transmitters or transmitter/receiver combinations can be employed, to access a satellite link for example, which could communicate with a central dispatch location. 
         [0038]    The cellular telephone or satellite link could also be used to transmit (download) data that is stored in the control module&#39;s nonvolatile RAM upon receipt of a command from a central dispatch location. This function can be used to satisfy requirements for periodic downloads for mandatory installed units without requiring the driver to return to a download center. Such a link can also provide the ability to monitor and repot vehicle usage and events at any time. 
         [0039]    In another embodiment of the present invention, a 911 feature may be available (as shown, for example, in  FIG. 5 ). With the addition of the 911 feature  117 , a message may be sent to a remote server when the operator of the vehicle fails a rolling retest. Activation of the 911 routine as referenced at  117  can be done immediately after the failure occurs or after the emergency mode is engaged and the driver fails to pull the vehicle over and/or stop the vehicle when directed to do so by the voice prompt. In such a situation, the server will receive a message that provides driver identification and the BAC level. The server will first determine whether the BAC exceeds a preset level (for example, 0.60 or 0.80). If the BAC level exceeds this preset level, the server will compare the driver&#39;s identification with information stored in a database. When the driver&#39;s information is found, the server may determine the identity of the driver&#39;s probation officer. Through the transmission of position location data generated by GPS  116 , the location information may be used to determine whether there is a local  911  response center, and if so, the emergency phone number for that response center. This information can then be passed onto another server, which contains a telephone dialer and a voice synthesizer. 
         [0040]    The second server may then dial the stored emergency phone number and wait for the remote telephone to be answered. When the telephone is answered, the server may repeat a message, for example, “Interceptor alert, code number 101.” In the case of multiple servers, the first digit may determine which server originated the event. This code number information will then be used to direct the call recipient to the proper website, where the recipient of the call may enter the code, as described below (in the case where multiple servers are present, and wherein each of the multiple servers hosts a distinct site). 
         [0041]    In certain embodiments, the telephone message will keep repeating until the telephone is hung up. The recipient of the call, such as for example, the emergency response operator, may then access an input interface (for example, by maximizing a formally minimized web page) and enter the transmitted code number. The code number will correspond to the incident, including the driver&#39;s information, which triggered the telephone call, and may then cause coordinate data from the vehicle to be passed to an active map on the operator&#39;s screen, along with the current BAC level and photograph and/or other identifying information of the driver. The operator will then be able to follow the vehicle&#39;s position on the screen, which is updated periodically (for example, once every 10 seconds). The screen may automatically display the updated coordinate data until either a “Stop” button is pressed, or a certain time period has elapsed (for example, 10 minutes, 20 minutes). When either of these events occurs, the screen may then revert back to the original screen where the incident number was entered, and the operator may then minimize the screen in preparation for any subsequent telephone messages. The operator may contact field personnel as needed to take such measures as appropriate in connection with the incident.