Abstract:
A powder-form composition of fats, proteins, lactose and other carbohydrates, in which the ratio by weight of proteins to lactose is from 1:3.5 to 1:5. The particles of the composition have cavities containing gaseous contents which, upon reconstitution to prepare a beverage, are released and a froth is formed on the surface of the beverage.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a continuation of co-pending application Ser. No. 700,198, filed on Feb. 11, 1985, now abandoned, which is also the parent application of co-pending application Ser. No. 06/899,252, filed Aug. 21, 1986. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a composition for a beverage, more particularly in powder form. The composition according to the invention is intended to be mixed with a liquid to prepare a beverage which may be frothy at its surface, for example, with hot water and soluble coffee or with hot liquid coffee to obtain a kind of &#34;cappuccino&#34;, or with a cocoa-flavoured beverage. 
     There are several powder-form products for whitening coffee, from powdered milk to products containing few, if any, fats and/or lactic proteins. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,438,147 in particular describes a process for making a powder-form composition comprising a non-lactic fat, a non-lactic carbohydrate and a foam stabilizer containing proteins, such as sodium caseinate. 
     The manufacture of products of this kind necessitates particular precautions to ensure thorough mixing with a liquid. They have to show good wettability, high solubility and high stability to heat so that they do not flocculate, particularly in the presence of hot coffee which is slightly acidic. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is based on the surprising observation that these requirements are satisified particularly well when a powder-form composition of which the principal constituents are 0.2 to 28% of fats, 5 to 16% of proteins, 16 to 62% of lactose and, optionally, up to 60% of other carbohydrates has a ratio by weight of proteins to lactose of from 1:3.5 to 1:5. 
     By way of comparison, this ratio is of the order of 1:1.4 for cow&#39;s milk. 
     Experience has shown that, from the point of view of heat stability, there is no advantage in deviating too far from 1:4 for the protein:lactose ratio of lactic compositions whereas compositions containing some non-lactic ingredients are less sensitive to heat. 
     If necessary, the particles of the composition may have small cavities of which the gaseous contents are intended to be released during mixing with a liquid, producing a froth. 
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Providing the characteristic protein:lactose ratio of from 1:3.5 to 1:5 is obtained in the powder-form product, the process for making the composition according to the invention is no different in principle from the process used for making powdered milk, repeatedly described in the literature, or a coffee whitener of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,438,147. To a solution of proteins (milk, caseinate) are added a stabilizing salt and, as required, lactose, sweet whey (from the coagulation of casein with rennet), lactic and/or vegetable fats, a carbohydrate such as sucrose, starch syrup, and if necessary, flavourings. 
     In aqueous solution, the stabilizing salt forms a buffer which neutralizes the mild acidity of the coffee during dissolution of the product in an aqueous medium, which contributes towards preventing flocculation of the proteins. The stabilizing salt may be, for example, a citrate or a phosphate, preferably sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na 2  HPO 4 ), which is added in aqueous solution, for example in a quantity of from 0.6 to 1% by weight, based on dry matter, in the case of a citrate or preferably in a quantity of from 0.3 to 0.5% by weight, based on dry matter, in the case of sodium hydrogen phosphate. 
     The aqueous composition thus obtained, which has a solids content of from 16 to 20% by weight, is preheated and then heated in a plate heat exchanger or by injection of steam with a dwell period and concentrated by evaporation to a solids content of from 46 to 60%. This concentration step may be followed by another heating step with a dwell period. 
     Finally, the concentrate is dried by spraying in a tower and post-dried in a fluidized bed, for example. 
     In cases where it is desired to obtain a composition intended for the preparation of a frothy beverage, a preferably inert gas, such as nitrogen, is injected into the concentrate before it is spray-dried which produces small cavities in the particles. 
     The gas is preferably injected into the concentrate under a low pressure, for example, of 3-4 bars, immediately ahead of a mixing pump and the concentrate/gas mixture is taken up by a high-pressure pump situated near the mixing pump which delivers the gasified concentrate, preferably under a pressure of from 40 to 80 bars, to the nozzle of the spray-drying tower. 
     To avoid premature bursting of the small cavities produced in the particles during the initial phase of the drying process, it is important to ensure that the stream of hot air in the drying tower is not too vigorous. The hot air stream is preferably broken up in the manner of a jet deflector by a suitable device, for example, a screen or grille fixed to the end of the air feed pipe at the head of the drying tower so that the air pressure decreases by about half at the spray nozzle for the concentrate, the vigorous primary air stream thus being converted into a plurality of small turbulent secondary air streams. 
     Because of the risk of coagulation, it is difficult to dry all the lactic proteins and the liquid coffee by spraying. To obtain a mixture thereof in powder form, the acid in the liquid coffee has to be neutralized before mixing with the milk and drying or alternatively the milk and the coffee both have to be mixed in powder form. The same precautions have to be taken with the composition according to the invention as with the milk. If it is desired to make a mixed composition with soluble coffee or soluble coffee substitute on an industrial scale, instant coffee in powder or agglomerate form is preferably used for mixing with the powder-form composition according to the invention by introduction into the spray-drying tower. In one preferred process, the instant coffee or soluble coffee substitute is introduced through the pipe which returns to the tower the fine particles recovered by cyclones, for example. The proportion by weight of instant coffee or soluble coffee substitute is preferably 18 to 30% of the total. In cases where the components are mixed in powder form, it may be of advantage to colour the composition according to the invention with coffee, for example, to give the powder-form mixture a more uniform colour. 
     The powder-form composition according to the invention preferably has a density of the order of 300 g per liter so that three spoons of 3 g each are suitable for preparing a 140 ml cup of beverage. One spoon of instant coffee may then be added to obtain a cup of light coffee of the type known as white coffee. If the powder-form composition has small cavities, the addition of instant coffee and, if required, a small quantity of cocoa will give a beverage of the &#34;cappuccino&#34; type covered by an 8 to 15 mm thick layer of froth which retains the heat and produces a creamy sensation in the mouth. 
    
    
     The following Examples, in which the percentages are by weight, describe some suitable processes and possible compositions. 
     EXAMPLES 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     (Lactic composition) 
     To obtain 100 kg of end product, 460 kg of standardised milk containing 17.3 kg of lactic fat and 40.28 kg of non-fat solids are used. 0.4 kg of Na 2  HPO 4  in the form of a 10% aqueous solution is mixed therewith, followed by the addition of 39.7 kg of lactose dissolved in 150 kg of lukewarm water. The whole is preheated to 80° C. in a plate heat exchanger and then heated to 115° C. by injection of steam for 5 seconds and concentrated by evaporation to a solids content of 51%. After a dwell time of about 10 minutes at 43° C., the concentrate is reheated to 75° C. by injection of steam and left for about 5 minutes. The throughput of the 50% solids concentrate is 670 liters/hour. 4 liters/minute of nitrogen under a pressure of about 3 bar are then injected into the concentrate which is then pumped under a pressure of 68 bar to the nozzle of a spray-drying tower where it is dried by spraying with air at 330° C. under a pressure of 15.7 kPa (1600 mm of water) on entry, the primary air stream being broken up into small secondary turbulent streams under a pressure of about 7.9 kPa (800 mm of water) by a screen at the spraying nozzle for the concentrate. 
     112 kg/h of agglomerated soluble coffee are introduced through the pipe which returns the fine particles recovered by cyclones to the tower, after which the product issuing from the tower is dried in a fluidized-bed. 
     The analysis of the powder-form composition according to the invention, excluding the soluble coffee, is as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________      % by weight______________________________________Lactic fat   17.3Proteins     15.3Lactose      61.2Minerals     3.7Moisture     2.5______________________________________ 
    
     The proteins:lactose ratio is 1:4. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     (Composition based on skimmed milk) 
     To obtain 100 kg of end product, 451.5 kg of skimmed milk containing 0.4 kg of lactic fat and 40.2 kg of non-fat solids are used. 0.4 kg of Na 2  HPO 4  in the form of a 10% aqueous solution and then 39.7 kg of lactose dissolved in 150 kg of lukewarm water are mixed with the skimmed milk. The mixture is then preheated to 80° C. and 16.9 kg of coconut fat are continuously injected therein. The remaining procedure is as in Example 1 (heating to 115° C. by injection of steam for 5 seconds, concentration, etc.). The analytical composition is the same as in Example 1 except that the coconut fat replaces the lactic fat as to 16.9% of the mixture. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     (Non-lactic composition) 
     To obtain 100 kg of end product, 0.4 kg of Na 2  HPO 4  in the form of a 10% aqueous solution and then 12.8 kg of powder-form sodium caseinate, 47.1 kg of powder-form lactose and 10.0 kg of sucrose are added to 50 kg of water at 50° C. The mixture is then introduced into a colloid mill in which another 30 kg of water at 60° C. are added. After preheating to 70° C., 27.5 kg of coconut fat are continuously injected, after which the mixture is heated to 115° C. by injection of steam for 5 seconds, flashed and then homogenized in two stages (200 and then 50 bar). After cooling to 30° C. with a dwell period, the mixture is reheated to 75° C. by injection of steam. After another dwell period of 5 minutes, the remaining procedure is as in Example 1 (injection of nitrogen, spray-drying, etc.). 
     The analytical composition of the product, excluding the coffee, is as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________      % by weight______________________________________Fats         27.6Proteins     11.6Lactose      46.9Sucrose      10.0Minerals     0.9Moisture     3.0______________________________________ 
    
     The proteins:lactose ratio is 1:4. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     (Flavoured lactic composition) 
     The procedure is as in Example 1, except that a small quantity of cinnamon powder and vanilla-flavoured sugar are added. 
     This addition may be made in three ways: 
     1. to the concentrate before drying 
     2. with the soluble coffee through the tube for returning the fines 
     3. to the fluidized bed following the tower 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     (Lactic composition with whey powder) 
     For 100 kg of end product, 283 kg of standardized milk containing 17.3 kg of fats and 23.8 kg of non-fat solids are used. 0.4 kg of Na 2  HPO 4  in the form of a 10% aqueous solution are added to the milk. 23.8 kg of powdered sweet whey (pH at least 6.2), 15.3 kg of lactose and 17.0 kg of sucrose are dissolved in 120 kg of hot water at 60° C. When the mixture is free from clumps, it is added to the standardized milk. The remaining procedure is as described in Example 1. The analytical composition of the product less the coffee is as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________      % by weight______________________________________Fats         17.5Proteins     11.9Lactose      46.8Sucrose      17.0Minerals     4.3Moisture     2.5______________________________________ 
    
     The proteins:lactose ratio is 1:3.9. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     (Composition with vegetable fat and whey powder) 
     To obtain 100 kg of end product, 264 kg of skimmed milk containing 0.2 kg of fats and 23.8 kg of non-fat solids are used. 0.4 kg of Na 2  HPO 4  in the form of a 10% aqueous solution is added to the skimmed milk. 23.8 kg of sweet whey powder (pH at least 6.2), 15.3 kg of lactose and 17.0 kg of sucrose are dissolved in 120 kg of hot water at 60° C. and, when the mixture is free from clumps, it is added to the standardized milk. 17.3 kg of coconut fat preheated to 60° C. are then continuously injected in the mixture immediately before preheating the whole to 80° C. The remaining procedure is as in Example 1. The analytical composition of the product less the coffee is as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________      % by weight______________________________________Fats         17.5Proteins     11.9Lactose      46.8Sucrose      17.0Minerals     4.3Moisture     2.5______________________________________ 
    
     The proteins: lactose ratio is 1:3.9.