Abstract:
Pedal assemblies and methods provide for signal control, such as for controlling audio and/or effects path signals used in generating audio from a musical instrument. The pedal assemblies may provide for simultaneous audio and effects control via electrical pathways dedicated to each. Rotation of the pedal about one or more axes of rotation results in modifying an electrical characteristic of devices of the pedal that control the audio and effects path signals. A particular axis of rotation that modifies the electrical characteristic of a device may be configured to produce a particular audio or effects path control based on which of the jacks are in use such that by changing the jacks that are in use, the function of a particular axis of rotation may change. Furthermore, a pedal assembly may provide for two axes of rotation where the centers of rotation of the two axes are non-coincident. The two axes of rotation may be better isolated as a result.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application 60/644,802 filed on Jan. 18, 2005, and entitled Multi-Axis Expression Pedal. 

   TECHNICAL FIELD 
   The present invention is related to pedals. More particularly, the present invention is related to pedal assemblies for providing signal control through rotation of a pedal about one or more axes. 
   BACKGROUND 
   Pedal assemblies provide an operator of equipment with a measure of control through movements of a foot of the operator. In the case of musical instruments as well as other equipment, a musician typically involves both hands in the playing of the instrument so that the musician&#39;s feet must be used to provide additional controls. A pedal assembly may be used by a musician to control an audio path, such as to vary the volume of an amplified instrument, or an effects path such as to modify the audio with an effect, by motion of the musician&#39;s foot. 
   An operator of equipment, and particularly a musician, may prefer a maximum degree of control for several parameters via use of pedals. However, the musician is limited in that there are at most two feet available to manipulate pedals, and if the musician is standing while performing, then using two feet for two pedals contemporaneously is difficult if not impossible. Therefore, providing a musician with control over various parameters of the audio being produced by the instrument through the use of multiple pedals is not optimal. 
   SUMMARY 
   Embodiments of the present invention address these issues and others by providing pedal assemblies and methods for signal control. One example of a pedal assembly may provide two axes of rotation where the centers of rotation of the axes are non-coincident so that the operator of the pedal may use each axis independently to control multiple parameters of operation of a musical instrument or other equipment. Furthermore, an example of a pedal assembly may provide for control of parameters via particular axes of rotation of the pedal based on how signal jacks of the pedal assembly are connected where altering how the signal jacks are connected alters which axes control which parameters. Additionally, in the context of a pedal assembly used in conjunction with a musical instrument, the pedal assembly may provide for an electrical pathway for control of an audio path signal while also providing for an electrical pathway for control of an effects path signal. 
   One embodiment is a pedal assembly for signal control that includes a pedal base and a pedal plate pivotally supported in relation to the pedal base. The pedal plate has a first center of rotation relative to the pedal base about a first axis and has a second center of rotation relative to the pedal base about a second axis. The first center of rotation is non-coincident with the second center of rotation. 
   Another embodiment is a pedal assembly for signal control that includes a pedal plate pivotably supported in relation to a pedal base such that the pedal plate has at least one axis of rotation relative to the pedal base. The pedal assembly includes a set of electrical connectors including an input electrical connector and first and second output electrical connectors, at least one of the output electrical connectors having a switching function. The pedal assembly further includes three devices mechanically coupled to the pedal plate, the three devices having an electrical characteristic altered by the rotation of the pedal plate relative to the pedal base. A first of the three devices is in an electrical pathway from the input electrical connector to the first output electrical connector while the second and third devices are out of the electrical pathway from the input electrical connector to the first output electrical connector when an electrical plug is present in the first electrical output connector but an electrical plug is not present in the second electrical output connector. The first of the three devices is in an electrical pathway from the input electrical connector to the first output electrical connector and in an electrical pathway from the input electrical connector to the second output electrical connector and the second of the three devices is in the electrical pathway from the input electrical connector to the first output electrical connector but not the electrical pathway from the input electrical connector to the second output electrical connector and the third of the three devices is in an electrical pathway from the input electrical connector to the second output electrical connector but not the electrical pathway from the input electrical connector to the first output electrical connector when an electrical plug is present in the first electrical output connector while another electrical plug is present in the second electrical output connector. 
   Another embodiment is a pedal assembly for signal control that includes a pedal assembly for signal control. The pedal assembly includes a pedal plate pivotably supported in relation to a pedal base such that the pedal plate has two axes of rotation relative to the pedal base. The pedal assembly further includes a set of electrical connections corresponding to: a source input connection, a first source output connection that when connected provides for either a first axis volume controlled source output or a second axis first stereo channel source output volume, a second source output connection that when connected provides for either a second axis volume controlled source output or a second axis second stereo channel output volume, at least one of the electrical inputs having a switching function, a first effects loop connection that when connected provides for a first axis effects control, and a second effects loop connection that when connected provides for a second axis effects control. The pedal further includes four devices mechanically coupled to the pedal plate, the four devices having an electrical characteristic altered by the rotation of the pedal plate relative to the pedal base. A first of the four devices corresponds to the first axis volume controlled source output if the first effects loop connection is unplugged and otherwise corresponds to the first effects loop control. A second of the four devices corresponds to the second axis volume controlled source output if the first source output connection is unplugged and otherwise corresponds to the second axis second stereo channel output volume. A third of the four devices corresponds to the second axis first stereo channel output volume, and a fourth of the four devices corresponding to the second effects loop control. 
   Another embodiment is a method of using a pedal to control sound generation, where the pedal includes a pedal plate pivotably supported in relation to a pedal base such that the pedal plate has at least one axis of rotation relative to the pedal base. The pedal includes a set of at least three electrical connections including an input electrical connection and two control connections, and the pedal further includes at least two devices mechanically coupled to the pedal plate, the at least two devices having an electrical characteristic altered by the rotation of the pedal plate relative to the pedal base. The method involves plugging a signal source of the sound into the input electrical connection of the pedal to thereby create a circuit path from the signal input lead through a first of the at least two devices to a first control connection of the pedal. The method further involves plugging a signal lead of a sound altering device into the first control connection of the pedal and plugging an effects control lead into a second control connection of the pedal to thereby create a circuit path through the second of the at least two devices. Additionally, the method involves manipulating the pedal plate to alter an audio signal being received through the input electrical connection and output from the first control connection and manipulating the pedal plate to alter an effects signal being looped through the second control connection. 

   
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective rear left-side view of one embodiment of an assembled multi-axis foot pedal showing the back, side and top of the foot pedal. 
       FIG. 2  is a perspective rear left-side view of an exploded assembly of the embodiment of  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 3  is a perspective rear left-side view of a detailed exploded assembly of the embodiment of  FIG. 2 . 
       FIG. 4A  is a left side view of the assembled parts of the embodiment of  FIG. 2  showing rotation about a first axis and first center of rotation. 
       FIG. 4B  is a top view of the assembled parts of the embodiment of  FIG. 2  showing rotation about a second axis and second center of rotation. 
       FIG. 5  is a front side view showing the jacks of the embodiment of  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 6  is a wiring schematic of the electrical connection of jacks to potentiometers of an embodiment of the pedal assembly. 
       FIG. 7  is the wiring schematic of the electrical connection of jacks with a plug inserted into a left jack to configure the pedal assembly for up/down volume control. 
       FIG. 8  is the wiring schematic of the electrical connection of jacks with plugs inserted to configure the pedal assembly for up/down volume control with left/right panning. 
       FIG. 9  is the wiring schematic of the electrical connection of jacks with plugs inserted to configure the pedal assembly for up/down volume control with left/right midi control. 
       FIG. 10  is the wiring schematic of the electrical connection of jacks with plugs inserted to configure the pedal assembly for up/down volume control with left/right panning and left/right midi control. 
       FIG. 11  is the wiring schematic of the electrical connection of jacks with plugs inserted to configure the pedal assembly for up/down midi control with left/right midi control. 
       FIG. 12  is the wiring schematic of the electrical connection of jacks with plugs inserted to configure the pedal assembly for up/down midi control with left/right volume control. 
       FIG. 13  is the wiring schematic of the electrical connection of jacks with plugs inserted to configure the pedal assembly for up/down midi control with left/right panning. 
       FIG. 14  is the wiring schematic of the electrical connection of jacks with plugs inserted to configure the pedal assembly for up/down midi control with left/right midi control and with left/right panning. 
       FIG. 15  is a perspective rear left-side view of an exploded pedal plate support assembly of a pedal of an alternative embodiment. 
       FIGS. 16A and 16B  are perspective rear left-side views of detailed exploded assemblies of the alternative embodiment of  FIG. 15 . 
       FIG. 17  shows one connection configuration of the pedal assembly in the musical instrument context. 
       FIG. 18  shows an alternative connection configuration of the pedal assembly in the musical instrument context. 
       FIG. 19  shows a bill of materials for the embodiment of  FIGS. 2 and 3 . 
       FIG. 20  shows a bill of materials for the embodiment of  FIGS. 15 ,  16 A, and  16 B. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   Embodiments of the present invention provide for pedal assemblies that allow for signal control. Certain embodiments provide for multiple axes of rotation of a pedal plate of the pedal assembly thereby allowing individual control of at least two parameters of signal control. Certain embodiments provide for configuration of the pedal assembly for controlling various parameters through rotation of the pedal plate by having electrical plugs inserted into particular jacks of the pedal assembly. Furthermore, in the context of audio signal control, certain embodiments provide for the control of an audio path signal as well as an effects path signal through the same pedal and at the same time. 
     FIG. 1  is a perspective rear left-side view of a fully assembled multi-axis pedal assembly  100  according to one illustrative embodiment. The pedal assembly  100  includes a pedal plate  3  that is pivotably attached to a pedal base  1 . As shown, a rotational assembly  50  acts as a support for the pedal plate  3  and provides the pivotal attachment of the pedal plate  3  to the pedal base  1  such that the pedal plate  3  can rotation about two different axes relative to the pedal base  1 . In this example, the rotational assembly  50  includes a support plate  2  as well as various other components discussed below in relation to  FIGS. 2 and 3 . The rotation about the two different axes, where the centers of rotation of the two axes are non-coincident, is discussed below and specifically shown in  FIGS. 4A and 4B . 
     FIG. 2  is a perspective rear left-side view of the multi-axis pedal assembly embodiment as an exploded assembly. An expression pedal base, pedal base, or base  1  is shown with a plurality of holes for mounting the parts to the base  1 . A rotational assembly  50  is attached to the pedal base  1  by means of a shoulder screw  29 . The longitudinal axis is the center of rotation of the pedal plate  3  in one axis relative to the pedal base  1 . A thrust bearing assembly or thrust bearing  9  with a bearing washer on both sides of the thrust bearing  9  is between the rotational assembly  50  and the base  1 . The thrust bearing  9  is centered on an axis of rotation of the shoulder screw  29 . A pilot spacer  11  is concentric and interior to the trust bearing assembly  9 . A shim is assembled around the shoulder screw  29  to bear against the rotational assembly  50 . As discussed below in relation to an alternative embodiment as shown in  FIGS. 15 and 16 , the bearings may be replaced by various polymer based bushings. 
   A pedal plate  3  is bolted, welded, or otherwise attached to the rotational assembly  50  through holes in the pedal plate  3 . A rubber stop  26  is adhered to an interior surface of the pedal base  1  and aligned with the most prominent edge of the rotational assembly  50  at extreme left and right positions. A device with a mechanically modifiable electrical characteristic such as a slider potentiometer or slider pot  24  is used at three places on a slider potentiometer bracket or slider pot bracket  23  and attached with bracket screw  32 . The number of places to include a device such as a potentiometer, and thus the number of devices, is a matter of design choice dependent upon the number of functions to be performed by the rotation of the pedal plate  3  about each axis. Additionally, the device may be of other types besides a resistive potentiometer, such as a variable inductor or variable capacitor. Returning to this example, the slider pot bracket is screwed to the bottom of base  1  with bracket screw  32 . A cover  6  is assembled to the interior of base  1  with sheet metal screw  33 . Input and output jacks (shown in  FIGS. 5-14 ) are mounted through the front of the cover  6 . 
     FIG. 3  is a perspective rear left-side view of an exploded assembly of the rotational assembly  50  of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2 . A pedal pivot mount  4  is attached to a pivot fixture  2  with a pivot screw  15  in two places. The pedal pivot mount  4  provides an extension on each end that is substantially perpendicular to the plate of the pedal plate  3  where each end extension includes a hole that aligns with a hole in the pivot fixture  2 . The pivot screw  15  is fastened to the pivot fixture  2  with a nut  21 . A pivot bearing  12  is inserted in the two large holes in the extensions of the pedal pivot mount  4 . A nylon washer or washer  13  is located between the pivot fixture  2  and the pedal pivot mount  4  on both sides. The longitudinal center of the pivot screw  15  is the center of rotation of the pedal plate  3  about another axis relative to the pedal base  1 , and it will be appreciated from the figures and the discussion below with reference to  FIGS. 4A and 4B  that this center of rotation at screw  15  is non-coincident with the center of rotation at screw  29  of  FIG. 2 . 
   On the left side of the pedal pivot mount  4  a pedal drive gear or drive gear  17  is located. On the right side of the pedal pivot mount  4  a pivot washer  14  is located between the pivot screw  15  and the pedal pivot mount  4 . The drive gear  17  has the same rotational motion as the pedal pivot mount  4 . The drive gear  17  engages a shaft drive gear  18  that is pressed on a shaft  28 . A shaft gear  20  is pressed on to the shaft  28  and located interior to the pivot fixture  2 . The shaft  28  has a shaft bearing  27  between the shaft drive gear  18  and the shaft gear  20 . This shaft bearing  27  engages a slot  80  in the pivot fixture  2 . A shaft bearing  27  is located on the shaft  28  between the shaft gear  20  and a mounting bracket  22 . The shaft bearing  27  engages a hole in the mounting bracket  22 . 
   A device with a mechanically modifiable electrical characteristic such as a rotational pot, rotary pot or rotational potentiometer  16  is mounted through a hole in the mounting bracket  22 . Again, the number of devices to be used is dependent upon the number of functions to be performed by the rotation of the pedal plate  3  about the particular axis of rotation. Additionally, the device(s) for this axis of rotation may be of other types besides a resistive potentiometer, such as a variable inductor or variable capacitor. A potentiometer gear or pot gear  19  is pressed on the rotational potentiometer  16  once mounted in the mounting bracket  22 . The pot gear  19  engages the shaft gear  20 . The gearing system including the drive gear  17 , drive gear  18 , shaft gear  20 , and pot gear  19  provide an amplification of the rotation of the pedal plate  3  in the up/down axis so as to provide more rotation of the shaft of the rotational potentiometer  16  for a given amount of rotation of the pedal plate  3  so that a broader range of electrical characteristic variation can be provided by the up/down axis movement of the pedal plate  3 . 
   The mounting bracket  22  is attached to the pivot fixture  2  with a shaft bracket screw  31  at two places. A front plate  25  is welded or otherwise attached to the front of the pivot fixture  2 . A hole is provided in the front plate  25  to engage each of the three slider pots  24  in  FIG. 2 . A roller bearing  7  is attached to the front plate  25  with a roller bearing screw  8  at two locations, and it may be desirable in some embodiments for these two locations to be as far apart as possible. As discussed below in relation to  FIGS. 15 and 16 , the roller bearing  7  may be replaced by a polymer based bushing. 
     FIG. 4A  is a left-side view of the pedal plate  3  mounted to the rotational assembly  50  engaged with the three stacked slider pots  24 . A stop pad  34  is adhered along the length of the top of the front plate  25 . A rubber bumper  5  is screwed to the rear and bottom of the pedal plate  3  on center. As can be seen, in this particular embodiment the pedal plate  3  has an up/down rotational axis that provides a range of motion of  21  degrees. This range of motion is a matter of design choice. 
   As further shown in  FIG. 4A , a plane  74  of the center of rotation about the up/down axis is spaced by a significant distance from a plane  72  of the center of rotation about the left/right axis such that the centers of rotation of the up/down axis and the left/right axis of the pedal plate  3  are non-coincident. As a result, the movement in one axis of rotation is better isolated from the movement in the other axis of rotation. 
   Furthermore, the center of rotation of the left/right axis, which is the longitudinal center of screw  29 , is centered with the heel of the user rather than being at the same front-to-rear location as the up/down center of rotation which is the longitudinal center of screw  15 . As can be seen, the up/down center of rotation is proximate to a middle point along the front to rear length of the pedal plate  3 . By positioning the left/right center of rotation at the center of the heel position rather than proximate the middle of the length, the user is able to more naturally pivot the pedal about the left/right axis as human anatomy allows for the foot to naturally pivot left and right about the center of the heel. It is unnatural for the foot to pivot left and right about the mid-point of the foot and requires significant leg movement which may be undesirable and may result in unintended motion in the up/down axis. 
     FIG. 4B  shows a top view showing the left/right rotation of the pedal plate  3 . In this particular embodiment, the range of motion from the center position to a left or right extreme is 12.5 degrees for a stop-to-stop travel of 25 degrees. However, as with the up/down axis, this range of motion is a matter of design choice. Furthermore,  FIG. 4B  also illustrates the separation of the planes  72  and  74  through the centers of rotation of the left/right and up/down axes, respectively, to further illustrate the non-coincident relationship of these centers of rotation. As can be seen in  FIG. 4B , the center of left/right rotation is at a point of the pedal plate  3  that is the mid-point of the width of the pedal plate  3  and is spaced from the rear of the pedal plate  3  by an amount substantially the same as one-half of the width. This location places the center of left/right rotation at the center of the heel. 
     FIG. 15  shows a perspective view of a detailed exploded assembly view of an alternative embodiment of a rotational assembly  90 . This rotational assembly  90  may be substituted for the rotational assembly  50  and the three slider pots  24  discussed above in order to pivotably support the pedal plate  3  relative to the pedal base  1 . The rotational assembly  90  includes a pivot fixture  202  which includes front extensions  94  where teeth are provided across the front edge of the pivot fixture  202 . As shown, the teeth are laser cut or otherwise directly formed on the pivot fixture  202  but it will be appreciated that the teeth may be a separate piece rigidly attached to the pivot fixture  202 . The pivot fixture  202  further includes perpendicular extensions where one of the perpendicular extensions has an L-shaped slot  98  that receives the shaft  224  ( FIG. 16A ). 
   To mount the rotational assembly  90  to the pedal base  1 , a washer  234  and a polymeric bushing  232  are included where screw  29  is used to create the attachment to the pedal base  1 . On the opposite end of the pivot fixture  202 , another polymeric pad or bushing  231  is places between the pivot fixture  202  and the pedal base  1 . These polymeric bushings may be constructed of nylon, Teflon® material, and other polymeric substances. The pedal plate is attached to the rotational assembly  90  via pedal pivot mount  207  which includes perpendicular extensions where one of those extensions includes teeth  93  that are laser cut or otherwise formed on the extension of mount  207  to form a gear that meshes with drive gear  217 . 
   Rather than including the bracket  23  and slider pots  24 , a different support bracket  230  is included that mounts directly to the pedal base  201 . Upon the bracket  230 , devices such as potentiometers  99  are positioned. Three potentiometers, including  99 ′,  99 ″, and  99 ′″ are shown. Furthermore, it is shown that there is a single potentiometer  99 ′″ and there is also a double-ganged potentiometer that includes potentiometers  99 ′ and  99 ″. The number of devices, and whether to use individual devices or ganged devices, is a matter of design choice. To manipulate the potentiometers  99 , pot gears  229  mesh with the teeth  94  of the pivot fixture  202 . 
     FIGS. 16A and 16B  show exploded views of this alternative embodiment. As can be seen, pot gears  229  for each of the pot  99 ′″, and the ganged pot  99 ′,  99 ″ attach to the shaft of the potentiometer and then mesh with the teeth  94  of the pivot fixture  202 . Further details of each item of these figures are set forth in a bill of materials of  FIG. 20 . 
     FIG. 5  shows a view of the front of the cover  6  of an embodiment of the pedal assembly  100  where the jacks are located. As shown for this embodiment, these jacks are phone jacks. Other types of jacks are also suitable depending upon the type of plug that is intended to be inserted into each of the jacks being provided. In this illustrative embodiment, five jacks are provided. The purpose of each of these jacks is discussed below in relation to  FIGS. 6-14 . It will be appreciated that the number of jacks is a matter of design choice dependent upon the number of functions that the pedal should perform. 
     FIG. 6  is a wiring schematic showing the electrical connections between the jacks and the devices with variable electrical characteristics, or potentiometers in the particular examples shown. The wiring schematic of  FIG. 6  represents a state where no plugs have been inserted into any of the jacks of the pedal assembly. The wiring schematics of  FIGS. 7-14  represent various states where plugs have been inserted in some combination to configure the pedal assembly so that each axis has a particular type of signal control. The wiring schematics of  FIGS. 6-14  are provided for purposes of illustration. It will be appreciated that the number of jacks to include, the number of devices with variable electrical characteristics that are included, and the particular wiring configurations shown are all a matter of design choice that are dependent upon the particular functions desired. 
   In the example shown, the embodiment of the pedal assembly provides for volume control, left-right panning, and midi (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) control for a parallel effects loop to be individually or collectively controlled by one or more axes of the pedal assembly. It will be appreciated that these parameters are examples of use of the pedal assembly for musical instrument applications. However, it will also be appreciated that the pedal assembly may provide for other parameters in other contexts, such as providing for acceleration, braking, steering, etc. for real or virtual vehicles. Thus, while the schematic is discussed in relation to a musical instrument context, this discussion is provided only for purposes of illustration and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure to only the musical instrument context. 
   As shown in  FIG. 6 , an input jack  40  is connected to an up/down (U/D) Midi jack  42 . The U/D Midi  42  is an isolated double pole double throw switching jack, where the two switches  52  and  54  are shown. The U/D axis rotational potentiometer  16  is also wired to the U/D Midi jack  42  subject to operation of switch  54 . 
   A left jack  46  is connected to the slider pot  24 ″ or rotational pot  99 ″. A right jack  48  is wired to the second slider pot  24 ′ or rotational pot  99 ″. The right jack  48  is also an isolated double pole double throw switching jack, where the two switches  56  and  58  are shown. A left/right (L/R) Midi jack  49  is connected to a third slider potentiometer  24 ′″ or rotational pot  99 ′″. Opposite poles of the first and second slider pots  24 ′,  24 ″ or the first and second rotational pots  99 ′,  99 ″ are wired to the right switching jack  48  which is in turn wired to the to the U/D Midi switching jack  42 . All the negative terminals of all the jacks are grounded as are all negative terminals of the slider pots  24 ′,  24 ″,  24 ′″ or rotational pots  99 ′,  99 ″, and  99 ′″ as well as rotational pot  16 . 
   In operation one uses the expression pedal in a normal manner with a source signal from an instrument or midi device, in the musical context, or with source signals from other devices in other contexts. The foot pedal in  FIG. 1  is placed on the floor and the user&#39;s foot is placed on the pedal  3 . The pedal  3  will rock back and forth and rotate left to right as shown in  FIGS. 4A and 4B . The back and forth motion controls the rotational potentiometer  16  while the left to right motion controls the three slider pots  24 ′,  24 ″, and  24 ′″ or three rotational pots  99 ′,  99 ″, and  99 ′″. 
   As shown in  FIG. 7 , with an analog input plugged into an input jack  40 , which is wired to the U/D midi switching jack  42 , and a line out plugged into the left vol only jack  46 , the foot pedal assembly  100  controls the volume (or other non-musical parameter related to signal amplitude) in back and forth or up/down motion. As can be seen in  FIG. 7 , in this plug-in configuration where no plugs are present in the U/D midi jack  42 , right jack  48 , or L/R midi jack  49 , only the potentiometer  16  is in the electrical pathway between the input jack  40  and the left jack  46  such that potentiometer  16  controls the amplitude of the signal, while the pots  24 ′,  24 ″,  24 ′″ or pots  99 ′,  99 ″,  99 ′″ for the l/r motion are isolated from the signal path such that l/r motion has no effect on the signal of the left jack  46 . 
   As shown in  FIG. 8 , with an analog input plugged into the input jack  40  and a line out plugged into the left jack  46  and another line out plugged into the right jack  48 , the foot pedal assembly  100  works as a volume pedal in back and forth or up/down motion and pans left and right with left/right motion. As can be seen in  FIG. 8 , in this plug-in configuration where no plugs are present in the U/D mid jack  42  or L/R midi jack  49 , the pot  16  is present in the electrical circuit path. Furthermore, from pot  16 , pot  24 ′ or  99 ′ is also present in the electrical pathway to the right jack  48  while pot  24 ″ or  99 ″ is present in the electrical pathway to the left jack  46 . Thus, the pot  16  controls the volume for both the right jack  48  and the left jack  46  via the up/down motion of the pedal plate  3  while pot  24 ′ or  99 ′ in conjunction with pot  24 ″ or  99 ″ serves to pan the audio signal between the right jack  48  and left jack  46  via the left/right motion of the pedal plate  3 . 
   As shown in  FIG. 9 , with a midi signal input plugged into the L/R Midi jack  49 , the left/right motion of the pedal plate  3  controls the midi signal by passing the midi signal entering the L/R midi jack  49  through the pot  24 ′″ or  99 ′″. As further shown in  FIG. 9 , the audio input is plugged into the input jack  40  while the left jack  46  is plugged into for audio output such that the electrical pathway between the input jack  40  and left jack  46  continues to include pot  16  such that the up/down motion of the pedal plate  3  controls the signal amplitude, which is representative of volume in this musical context. Thus, left/right motion may control the midi effects while the up/down motion independently and simultaneously controls the volume. 
   As shown in  FIG. 10  with a midi signal input plugged into the L/R midi jack  49 , the left/right motion of the pedal plate  3  controls the midi signal by passing the midi signal through pot  24 ′″ or  99 ′″. However, with the input plugged into input jack  40  and output plugged into left jack  46  and right jack  48 , the pot  16  is present in the electrical circuit path so that volume is controlled by the up/down motion of the pedal plate  3 . Furthermore, from pot  16 , pot  24 ′ or  99 ′ is also present in the electrical pathway to the right jack  48  while pot  24 ″ or  99 ″ is present in the electrical pathway to the left jack  46 . Thus, pot  24 ′ or  99 ′ in conjunction with pot  24 ″ or  99 ″ serves to pan the audio signal between the right jack  48  and left jack  46  via the left/right motion of the pedal plate  3 . Therefore, up/down motion independently and simultaneously controls the volume while the left/right motion controls both the left/right panning as well as the effects control. 
   As shown in  FIG. 11 , with a midi signal input plugged into the U/D midi jack  42 , the back and forth or up/down motion controls the midi signal due to the midi signal electrical pathway passing through the pot  16 . Furthermore, with another midi signal plugged into the L/R midi jack  49 , the left/right motion controls this other mid signal due to this midi signal electrical pathway passing through the pot  24 ′″ or  99 ′″. 
   As shown in  FIG. 12 , with a midi signal input plugged into the UD midi jack  42  and with an input plugged into input jack  40  and an output plugged into right jack  48 , the up/down motion can be used to control the midi effects while the left/right motion controls the signal amplitude out of the right jack  48 . The midi effects electrical pathway passes through pot  16  while the electrical pathway between the input jack  40  and output jack  48  passes through pot  24 ′ or  99 ′. 
   As shown in  FIG. 13 , with a midi signal input plugged into the UD midi jack  42  and with an input plugged into input jack  40 , an output plugged into right jack  48 , and another output jack plugged into left jack  46 , the up/down motion can be used as a midi continuous controller while the left/right motion controls the panning between the right jack  48  and left jack  56 . The midi effects electrical pathway passes through pot  16  providing for the up/down control. The electrical pathway between the input jack  40  and right jack  48  passes through pot  24 ′ or  99 ′ while the electrical pathway between the input jack  40  and the left jack  46  and passed through pot  24 ″ or  99 ″. 
   As shown in  FIG. 14 , adding a midi plug into the L/R midi jack  49  in addition to the configuration of  FIG. 13  adds a midi signal control through the left/right motion in addition to the midi signal control through the up/down motion. Furthermore, the left/right motion controls both the midi signal and the left/right panning. 
   As noted above, there are many possibilities with regard to type of displacement transducers or other devices with modifiable electrical characteristics that are applicable. The embodiment shown and described uses potentiometers but this embodiment is disclosed for purposes of illustration and is not intended to be limiting. For example, a single optical electrical transducer can be applied to each axis to provide signal control. In addition, two of the slide potentiometers  24  can be replaced with one ganged dual slider potentiometer. Furthermore, as shown in  FIG. 15 , these slide potentiometers  24 ′,  24 ″, and  24 ′″ can be replaced with rotational potentiometers  99 ′,  99 ″, and  99 ′″. There are also alternate possibilities with regard to the roller bearings  7  and the thrust bearing assembly  9  used with the left to right motion. Here the bearings can be eliminated as noted above, and a low friction material can be applied between the pedal base  1  and the pivot fixture  2 . 
   There are also alternate possibilities with regard to the gears used in  FIG. 3 . Here a cable and pulley type system could be implemented and connected to the transducers or other devices. In addition, two gears could be eliminated by extending the length of the pivot fixture  2  and connecting a rack type gear forward of the vertical pivot axis, similar to that shown in  FIG. 15 , albeit  FIG. 15  utilizes a rotary gear. Another alternate embodiment would be to have an enclosed base housing the connection jacks. In this fashion, the pivot fixture  2  would mount to the top of the enclosed box type base and the left to right control could be located interior to the box type base. 
     FIG. 17  shows one configuration of connections between equipment in the context of musical instruments. Here, a musical instrument  202  such as a guitar outputs an audio signal via a signal lead. The audio signal is received at an effects processor  204 . The effects processor has one or more parallel effects loop signals output via signal leads, where one lead connects to jack  42  of the pedal assembly  100  while another lead connects to jack  49 . Thus, the pedal assembly controls the application of these effects to the audio signal. The audio signal as modified by these effects is output from the effects processor  204  to input jack  40  of the pedal assembly. 
   The pedal assembly  100 , in this illustrative configuration, outputs a right audio signal from jack  48  and a left audio signal from jack  49 , where the pedal assembly allows for panning between the two. The right audio signal is provided via lead to a right channel amplifier  206  which drives a right channel speaker  210 . Likewise, the left audio signal is provided via a lead to a left channel amplifier  208  which drives a left channel speaker  212 . 
     FIG. 18  shows an alternative configuration of connections. Here, the instrument  202  outputs an audio signal via a signal lead. The audio signal is received at the input jack  40  of the pedal assembly  100 . The pedal assembly  100  outputs right audio via jack  48  and left audio via jack  46 , where these audio signals are provided via leads to the effects processor  204 , such that the pedal assembly  100  provides for left/right panning. The effects processor  204  provides parallel effects loop signals to jacks  42  and  46  so that the pedal assembly provides effects loop control. 
   The effects processor  204  outputs a right audio signal with effects to the right channel amplifier  206  driving the right speaker  210 . Likewise, the effects processor  204  outputs a left audio signal with effects to the left channel amplifier  208  driving the left speaker  212 . 
     FIGS. 19 and 20  each show a bill of materials for the embodiments of  FIGS. 2 and 3  and  FIGS. 15 ,  16 A, and  16 B, respectively. The materials are provided for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting. It will be appreciated that other materials may be substituted in place of those shown. 
   While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to various embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes in the form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.