Abstract:
A vehicle-attached, task-associated excavation implement with interchangeable rotational excavation apparatuses is conceptualized in this application. The implement is similar to McGee&#39;s Tractor-Mounted Excavation Implement, but is conceptualized in a new way of combing parts or portions of the implement with vehicles currently existing in the prior art, without the need for a tractor equipped with power-take-off. This vehicle-attached implement can be supported by a variety of motorized vehicles, utilizing a variety of apparatus-powering options. An assortment of steering options could be used, and movements of the apparatuses, either with or separate from the implement, provide diverse functionality. Tasks supported by the rotational excavating apparatuses include Foundation footings, trenches, rounded ditches, shallow V-shaped ditches, landscape or garden beds, and shallow graded depressions for sidewalks or simple slabs. Excavating apparatuses have claws or cutting elements attached to surface at angles to propel soil directionally.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO PRIOR APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims benefit of Provisional Patent Application No. 62/388,601 entitled “Vehicled Rotary Excavator” and dated Feb. 2, 2016. 
         [0002]    This application is partially related to previously awarded patent, awarded Nov. 24, 2015 to Bruce Wade McGee, and assigned U.S. Pat. No. 9,194,103 B2. This application delineates a new combination of parts or portions of McGee&#39;s Tractor Mounted Excavation Implement with alternative vehicles commonly found in the prior art. 
         [0003]    A regular patent application for Tractor Mounted Excavation Implement Enhancements and Extensions was submitted on Feb. 25, 2017, and assigned application Ser. No. 15,415,811. The present application is related to, and claims benefit to, portions of the Enhancements and Extensions presented in application Ser. No. 15,415,811. Application Ser. No. 15,415,811 claimed benefit to the following Provisional Patent Applications:
       Provisional Patent Application No. 62/388,350 entitled “Rotational Bedder Apparatus” and dated Jan. 25, 2016.   Provisional Patent Application No. 62/388,393 entitled “Improved Rotator and Axle for Excavation Implement” and dated Jan. 28, 2016.   Provisional Patent Application No. 62/390,517 entitled “Excavation Implement Improvements” dated Mar. 31, 2016.       
 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0007]    This proposed embodiment relates to excavation or earth loosening and moving equipment, including backhoes, trenchers, ditchers, and rotary equipment used in excavation. The proposed vehicle-attached excavation implement will be useful in small-scale construction, hobby farming or gardening, landscaping, irrigation, utilities and pipe laying, roadside or city development and maintenance in some areas, land-owner maintenance, and possibly firefighting with rapid excavation needs in some less dense forests. This application delineates a new combination use of the previously patented Tractor Mounted Excavation Implement, awarded to the present applicant in 2015, wherein the implement and apparatuses are attached to, powered and maneuvered by, a vehicle, rather than pulled behind a tractor as in the previously patented embodiment. 
         [0008]    Discussion of the Prior Art 
         [0009]    This application is primarily relevant as relates to the present inventor&#39;s previous patent for a Tractor-Mounted Excavation Implement, awarded Nov. 24, 2015 to Bruce Wade McGee, and assigned U.S. Pat. No. 9,194,103 B2. The patent has been assigned to McGee Innovation, LLC. A re-issue application has since been submitted to broaden several of the claims in the awarded patent, assigned Ser. No. 14/999,506, and dated May 17, 2016. 
         [0010]    McGee&#39;s Tractor Mounted Excavation Implement is power-take-off driven and attaches to a tractor&#39;s 3-point-hitch, with multiple interchangeable rotational excavation apparatuses, described as task-associated. The implement is presented with three interchangeable apparatuses addressing four tasks, including apparatuses for foundation footers/trenches, rounded ditches, or shallow V-shaped ditches. Later improvements have been conceptualized and patents are pending, including the addition of two apparatuses, one for creating landscape or garden beds and one for shallow graded excavations for sidewalks or slabs. Additionally, several other enhancements have been conceptualized, including the addition of adjustable and extendable tines or cutting elements to increase range of usefulness, and additions to the axle of certain apparatuses to improve the movement of excavated soil onto the banks of the excavated depression. 
         [0011]    McGee&#39;s implement has the potential to revolutionize small-scale excavation. The unique value of McGee&#39;s implement is it&#39;s propensity toward usefulness in multiple small-scale applications, but where speed and precise excavations are important requirements. Even so, the implement&#39;s main drawback is that it must be pulled behind a tractor, with somewhat difficult transportation and maneuvering. It is also limited to power-take-off attachment for rotational power. 
         [0012]    Concrete filled foundation footings are constructed around the perimeter of a building for structural support, and are typically dug by backhoes or track hoes. These machines are hefty and require heavy, large trucks and trailers for transport; transport itself can be dangerous and expensive. Backhoes and track hoes have awkward, slow, and erratic motions. Their resulting evacuated areas are not precise with clean sides, and often require significant backfill. Backhoes and track hoes are capable of deep, large excavations, and are appropriate in some instances and certain geographical locations. However, in the Deep South of the US, and in many other locations worldwide, small-scale excavation of shallower footings with lighter-weight equipment is appropriate. 
         [0013]    Trenches for the laying of pipe and other applications are typically dug with revolving chain cutters. Their width of cut is not easily adjustable. They require extensive and expensive maintenance. Small scale applications often use a portable trencher, and even though these are smaller and lighter, they require separate transport to the site. 
         [0014]    Small ditches for drainage are typically dug and shaped with hand tools or tractor-mounted ditchers. The shape and cutting depth of these implements are limited and they are dependent on large equipment. 
         [0015]    Grades for sidewalks, slabs, or flat surfaces are typically shaped by a boxblade attached to a tractor or by large grading equipment. These boxblade implements cannot easily excavate or penetrate into undisturbed ground, sod, roots or similar obstacles. Small-scale applications are often accomplished by hand with simple tools, perhaps with the assistance of a tiller or sod remover. 
         [0016]    Bedding for landscapes or gardening are typically shaped by hand tools, or by using agricultural equipment geared toward large farming outfits. Agricultural implements are most often dependent on tractors, and require significant room for storage when not in use. 
         [0017]    Each of the aforementioned excavation tasks are addressed by equipment found in the prior art. Excavators, chain-type trenchers, ditchers of various shapes and sizes, box blades, scrapers, and landscape bed or farm row creators are readily available in commercial use. Many of these are attached to heavy equipment and are geared toward large construction operations. However, no one machine is found that can perform all, or a combination of, these tasks on a small scale, with speed, flexibility and preciseness, while dispersing soil evenly on banks of excavated area. 
         [0018]    Bruce Wade McGee&#39;s Tractor Mounted Excavation Implement solves many of these issues. However, the implement, in its initial embodiment, is limited to being pulled behind, and powered by, a tractor. It is not suited to function with multiple vehicles, or to using various methods of powering the implement&#39;s apparatuses. It does not easily extend or adjust depth to accommodate excavation needs. Later patent application for enhancements have included many of these upgrades. However, the implement still is dependent on tractors, which are not as maneuverable as modern day skid steer vehicles, zero-turn vehicles, or tracked vehicles. Many tractors are not equipped with hydraulic support for implement functioning. The three-point-hitch of tractors is typically in the rear, leaving it difficult for the operator to see the apparatuses and follow lines on the ground. These challenges with use of the tractor-mounted version of the implement are addressed in the current application. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0019]    The objective of this application is to present a conceptualization of McGee&#39;s implement, along with its interchangeable apparatuses for excavation tasks, in a new combination, attached to any of a variety of vehicles for propelling the implement. This application pairs the implement with alternative vehicles currently found in the prior art and in commercial applications, and provides for alternative powering sources and maneuvering mechanisms for the implement. 
         [0020]    A first embodiment is a vehicle-attached excavation implement, with interchangeable task-associated rotational excavation apparatuses. Excavation tasks that can be accomplished include foundations, trenches, rounded ditches and shallow V-shaped ditches, excavation of landscape or garden beds, and shallow graded areas for sidewalks or simple slabs. Excavated spoils are deposited on the banks of the newly excavated depression. The implement will be attached to or within a vehicle for movement along the ground, using a frame, booms or arms. The apparatuses are mounted to the implement on an axle or hub appropriate for the task and the selected apparatus. The apparatuses are rotatable, around an axle or hub axis that is horizontal to the ground. 
         [0021]    Any number of vehicle types could be used for attachment of the implement. The vehicle itself is not considered an element of this invention, but rather is an exploited mechanism to utilize the attached implement. Many vehicles are present in the prior art that would suffice as a delivery mechanism for the implement. For example, the vehicle-attached implement can be propelled using wheels or continuous tracks. The implement can be guided or maneuvered by skid steer, zero-turn steering, remote control, computer-assisted steering, conventional steering, or hand-guided steering wherein the operator walks behind or beside the unit, or the operator sits or stands on a platform. 
         [0022]    Power is diverted from the vehicle to the apparatuses, and may employ a variety of sources, depending on the type, size and features of the vehicle utilized. Hydraulic power will be an option on many of the potential vehicles. Alternatively, an independent power source may be utilized. 
         [0023]    The vehicle-attached implement, supported within or near the motorized vehicle by one or more arms or booms, or a frame, has multiple movable apparatuses. Movement can be accomplished by moving the implement&#39;s frame, booms or arms, or by moving the axle of the selected apparatus independently. The arms or booms can extend away from or contract back toward the vehicle. The implement&#39;s apparatuses are able to pivot, tilt, and raise and lower vertically. These movements are meant to accommodate inclines in ground or in the excavation task, but also the depth of the excavation. Footings that step-down in increments, such as for masonry installation, can be guided by computer or other means. Depth of excavation can additionally be assisted by laser, which beams to a marked depth indicator on the implement. 
         [0024]    Operators and nearby bystanders are protected from excavated debris by guards strategically located. The guards&#39; location, material, and use will be guided by the type and size of the vehicle chosen for attachment of the implement. 
         [0025]    The axle of certain apparatuses are equipped with ‘fins’ or continuous blades, attached to exposed sections of the axle. The fins or blades can be welded in place in some instances, and secured in place prior to the task in other instances. Fins are principally perpendicular to body of the apparatuses, but angle laterally or extend spirally around exposed axle to move excavated soil to outer banks of the resulting excavated depression. 
         [0026]    A second embodiment includes a plurality of rotational excavation apparatuses, each shaped and designed for a different excavation task. The apparatuses are each equipped with claws or cutting elements attached to the face of the apparatus, at lateral angles to propel soil outward, or medial angles to propel soil toward center. There are additionally a set of tines attached vertically, extending past depth of claws, to break up soil for ease in excavation. A second set of tines is attached horizontally to extend width of excavation area on certain apparatuses. These tines are adjustable and may be expanded and locked or bolted in place based on the need for excavation task. 
         [0027]    Advantages of the proposed embodiments in this application include those seen in the McGee Tractor Mounted Excavation Implement, such as its practicality and straightforward operation, and its safety, economy and convenience compared to larger, bulkier equipment. Its most unique features include its speed, effectiveness and flexibility. Its excavated depressions are ‘cleaner’ and more precise than those of larger, clumsier equipment, and are created in significantly less time. Lastly, but most importantly, its multiple interchangeable apparatuses provide solutions to numerous excavation tasks. 
         [0028]    In the proposed embodiments herein, added advantages include improved versatility, with potential attachment to any number of vehicles, and various powering sources and maneuvering options. The need for a tractor with power-take-off capability is eliminated, and hydraulic control is one more effective option for powering implement apparatuses. Transporting various machines to the job site is replaced by one vehicle-attached implement with multiple apparatuses. Enhancements in accommodating excavation needs include methods to adjust and extend depth of cut and width or area excavated. In most vehicle-attached circumstances, the operator will have improved line of vision of the implement and apparatus operation. 
         [0029]    Compared to larger, bulkier equipment such as backhoes, speed and precision in digging foundation footings is enhanced. Compared to chain-type trenchers, adjustable width of excavation and less extensive maintenance are key features. Compared to large ditchers, bedding equipment and boxblades, the need for transporting, storing and maintaining heavy equipment is reduced. Tillers and sod removers perform a portion of the work for creating sidewalks and slabs, but do not fulfill the whole task. Having the versatility of the McGee implement extended to applications other than tractor-pulled with power-take-off rotational power will provide solutions previously unrealized. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL DRAWINGS 
         [0030]      FIG. 1  shows a rear sectional view of a substantially cylindrical trencher apparatus, with outer sections of foundation apparatus removed, extending from the vehicle on one arm, and the resulting trench. 
           [0031]      FIG. 2  shows a rear sectional view of a substantially cylindrical, drum-shaped apparatus for foundational footings with three interconnected sections in place, extending from the vehicle on one arm, and the resulting foundation footer excavation. 
           [0032]      FIG. 3  shows a different rear sectional view of a substantially cylindrical, drum-shaped apparatus for foundational footings with two interconnected sections in place, extending from the vehicle on one arm, with laterally extending tines secured to widen the width of cut, and the resulting foundation footer excavation. 
           [0033]      FIG. 4  shows a rear view of a substantially spherical apparatus for shallow rounded ditches, extending from the vehicle on one arm, and the resulting U-shaped ditch. Laterally angled claws or cutting elements are visible on the face of the apparatus. 
           [0034]      FIG. 5  shows a rear sectional view of a substantially prolate ellipsoidal apparatus for parabolic or shallow V-shaped ditches, extended from the vehicle on two arms. 
           [0035]      FIG. 6  shows a rear sectional view of a substantially cylindrical, drum-shaped apparatus for foundational footings with three interconnected sections in place, extending from the vehicle on two arms, on a square axle with centrifugal sweepers, and the resulting foundation footer excavation. 
           [0036]      FIG. 7  shows rear sectional view of a substantially cylindrical, roller apparatus for shallow graded excavations, extending from the vehicle on two arms, and the resulting sidewalk excavation. Vertically extended tines for breaking apart the soil are seen in profile; laterally angled claws or cutting elements are not shown. 
           [0037]      FIG. 8  shows rear sectional view of a substantially cylindrical, hourglass-shaped apparatus for mounded landscape or garden bed excavations, extending from the vehicle on two arms, and the resulting mound of soil in center of excavation. Medially angled claws or cutting elements for harvesting the soil directionally toward the center are seen in profile. 
           [0038]      FIG. 9  shows an oblique view of a directional harvester ‘claw’ or cutting element that is attached at intervals to the face of each apparatus. Laterally angled, soil is directed to lateral banks of the excavation, and medially angled, soil is directed toward the center and mounded between two excavated depressions. 
           [0039]      FIG. 10  shows an oblique view of a square axle, fit into a pocket that attaches to rotational power source, and equipped with centrifugally extended sweeper blades, for cleaning sides or banks of excavated area. Axle can be used alone for cleaning, or to rotate narrower apparatuses and assist in moving soil up and out. 
           [0040]      FIG. 11  shows a perspective view of the cylindrical, drum-shaped apparatus, shown in one potential configuration, extending from a tracked vehicle with attached frame, on an adjustable boom, and the resulting foundation footer excavation. Spiral sweeper blade is seen on exposed axle. 
           [0041]      FIG. 12  shows a perspective view of the spherical apparatus, shown in one potential configuration, extended from a stump-grinder vehicle with attached frame, and the resulting rounded-U ditch. 
           [0042]      FIG. 13  is a perspective view of the prolate ellipsoidal apparatus, shown in one potential configuration, extended from a zero-turn vehicle with attached frame, on two arms, and the resulting parabolic or shallow V-shaped ditch. 
           [0043]      FIG. 14  is a perspective view of the cylindrical, drum-shaped apparatus, shown in one potential configuration, extending from a skid-steer vehicle with attached frame, on two arms, and the resulting foundation footer excavation. 
           [0044]      FIG. 15  is a perspective view of the cylindrical, roller apparatus, shown in one potential configuration, extending from a rough-terrain forklift type vehicle with attached frame, on two arms, and the resulting sidewalk/slab excavation. 
           [0045]      FIG. 16  is a perspective view of the substantially cylindrical, hourglass-shaped apparatus, shown in one potential configuration, extending from a tractor equipped with a front end loader mechanism with attached frame on two arms, and the resulting mounded bed excavation. 
           [0046]      FIG. 17  is a perspective view of the cylindrical, drum-shaped apparatus, shown in one potential configuration, extending from a reversed zero-turn vehicle on an expanding boom, attached on one arm, and the resulting foundation footer excavation. Also shown is one potential configuration for depth control using a laser-assisted mechanism in a step-down approach. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION 
       [0047]    This embodiment combines vehicles from the prior art with an implement and apparatuses set forth in the previously patented Tractor Mounted Excavation Implement, and later Enhancements and Extensions to the implement. While the vehicles themselves are not claimed herein, multiple combinations are presented to show how the implement could exploit various delivery platforms. Additionally, various mechanisms providing rotational power to the apparatuses are shown, as are numerous methods of directing and maneuvering the apparatus for increased versatility. 
         [0048]    Rather than a tractor-mounted implement, presented herein is a vehicle-attached excavating implement for multiple excavating tasks, referred to as the task-associated excavations of depressions in the earth. These interchangeable task-associated rotational excavating apparatuses can address numerous tasks including, but not limited to, forming foundation footings, ditches, trenches, landscape or gardening beds, or shallow graded excavations for sidewalks or simple slabs. Using the rotational excavating apparatuses allows excavated spoils to be easily deposited on banks of a newly formed depressions. 
         [0049]      FIGS. 1 through 8  illustrate the various apparatuses as they might be viewed when attached to a vehicle. In the previously embodied implement, all apparatuses were interchangeable within a heavy perimetrical frame that was dragged behind a tractor, with the power-take-off unit of the tractor supplying rotational power to the apparatuses. This embodiment suggests an implement that can vary in shape and form depending on the vehicle for which it is manufactured to attach. A frame, booms or arms attached to or within a motorized vehicle will support the apparatuses, which are mounted on a rotatable axle or hub horizontal to the earth.  FIGS. 9 and 10  show specific elements of the embodiment in more detail. 
         [0050]    Regardless of the vehicle selected, the implement will provide a means of harvesting and directing soil. Most apparatuses direct soil up, outside, and laterally away from the excavated depression, while one is designed to direct soil medially, toward the center area of two excavated depressions. A task-associated rotational excavating apparatus is chosen for a designated task. Each apparatus is formed in a practical width and shape for its designated excavation task. The vehicle selected will determine the most effective rotational power system for the apparatus, either relating power from the motorized vehicle or providing an independent source to operate selected rotational excavating apparatus. 
         [0051]      FIGS. 11 through 17  pair various apparatuses with several vehicles that could serve to mobilize and power the implement. While the vehicles themselves are not claimed herein, it is necessary to illustrate the versatility of the implement when considering its attachment to a vehicle. Selecting a vehicle for propulsion the implement along the ground along the ground may consider several options. Vehicles utilizing wheels or continuous tracks, either of steel or re-enforced rubber, could be selected as a means of reducing traction and slippage while improving stability and steadiness in propulsion of the implement. Several types of vehicles, including those with conventional steering, skid steer or zero-turn steering, remote or computer-assisted steering, or hand-guided steering such as walking, behind or beside, standing or sitting on platform, can be considered to navigate or maneuver the implement along the ground. Such steering mechanisms can either integrated into the vehicle or independent from the vehicle. A powering mechanism for the task-associated rotational excavating apparatuses must either integrated into the vehicle or an independent source must be implemented. Options include hydraulics, power-take-off connection, or direct electro-mechanical connection. There is a slight risk of airborne soil and debris when the apparatuses are in use, so any vehicle attachment must consider how the operator will be protected. The type of protection will vary with the type of vehicle chosen and the manner in which the implement attaches. 
         [0052]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , the ‘trencher’ apparatus, indicated by numeral  101 , is cylindrical and relatively narrow compared to ‘footer’ apparatus, not shown in  FIG. 1 , with lateral sections of footer apparatus removed for a narrower apparatus. Trencher  101  attaches to or within the vehicle via a frame, or one or more arms or booms.  FIG. 1  shows the trencher  101  in one potential configuration, extended from the vehicle on one arm, indicated by numeral  102 . The rotational power source, indicated by numeral  104 , is powered from the vehicle, pathway not shown, or independently. The rotational power source attaches to an axle or, as shown in  FIG. 1 , a hub, indicated by numeral  106 , which provides an axis around which apparatus rotates, mounted parallel to the ground, and lowered and raised using the arm  102 . The cylindrical apparatus  101  rotates toward vehicle, and tines, indicated by numeral  108 , extend out from the body, indicated by numeral  110 , are utilized to initially break apart soil for easier excavation. The face of the apparatus, indicated by numeral  112 , is equipped with ‘claws’ or cutting elements, which harvests and directs soil forward, up and out onto banks of excavation, indicated by numeral  114 . The resulting trench, indicated by numeral  116 , has a flat base and relatively ‘clean’ sides. Depth can be adjusted by moving the arm  102  up and down, with maximum depth determined by the location of the axle or hub  104 . 
         [0053]      FIG. 2  shows a ‘footer’ apparatus, indicated by numeral  201 , also cylindrical and drum-shaped. The footer apparatus  201  is shown with two lateral sections in place. Footer  201  attaches to or within the vehicle via a frame, or one or more arms or booms. The footer apparatus  201  is shown in  FIG. 2  in one potential configuration, configured in a similar manner to the trencher apparatus  101  in  FIG. 1 . The footer apparatus  201  is shown attached to the vehicle, not shown, via one arm, indicated by numeral  102 , but could also be attached with two arms, a boom, or a frame. The rotational power source, indicated by numeral  104 , is powered from the vehicle, not shown, or independently. The rotational power source  104  attaches to an axle or, as shown in  FIG. 2 , a hub, indicated by numeral  106 , which is mounted parallel to the ground, and is lowered and raised using the arm  102 . The cylindrical apparatus  201  rotates toward vehicle, and tines, indicated by numeral  108 , extend out from the body, indicated by numeral  210 , are utilized to initially break apart soil for easier excavation. The face of the apparatus, indicated by numeral  212 , is equipped with laterally angled ‘claws’ or cutting elements, indicated by numeral  114 , which harvest and direct soil forward, up and out onto banks of excavation. The resulting footer, indicated by numeral  216 , has a flat base and relatively ‘clean’ sides, with spoils deposited on banks of depression. Depth can be adjusted by moving the arm  202  up and down, with maximum depth determined by the location of the axle or hub  204 . 
         [0054]      FIG. 3  shows a different configuration of the ‘footer’ apparatus, indicated by numeral  301 , yet cylindrical and drum-shaped as in  FIG. 2 . The footer apparatus  301  is shown with one lateral section in place. The footer apparatus  301  is shown configured in a similar manner to the trencher apparatus  101  in  FIG. 1  and the footer apparatus  201  in  FIG. 2 . Vertically protruding tines  108  from the body, indicated by numeral  312 , are still used to break the soil apart. Additionally, horizontally adjustable tines, indicated by numeral  310 , are shown extending from the face, indicated by numeral  314 , of the apparatus  301 . The footer apparatus  301  is shown similarly to  FIG. 2 , attached to the vehicle via one arm  102 , with the axle&#39;s rotational power source  104  powered from the vehicle or independently. The axle or hub mounting  106 , rotational power source  104 , and depth control are similar to  FIG. 2 , and the apparatus may also be raised and lowered using the arm  102 . Rotation and presence of ‘claws’ or cutting elements, not shown in this configuration, on face  314 , allow excavation of a footer, indicated by numeral  316 , with a horizontal base and relatively ‘clean’ sides. 
         [0055]      FIG. 4  shows a ‘rounded-U ditcher’ apparatus, indicated by numeral  401 , which is spherical in shape. The rounded-U ditcher apparatus  401  is shown in one potential configuration, attached to the vehicle, not shown, via one arm, indicated by numeral  102 , but could also be attached with two arms, a boom, or a frame. The axle&#39;s rotational power source, indicated by numeral  104 , is powered from the vehicle, not shown, or independently. The rotational power source  104  is mounted to an axle or hub, not shown, is parallel to the ground, and is lowered and raised using the arm  102 . The spherical rounded-U ditcher apparatus  401  rotates toward vehicle, and the face of the apparatus, indicated by numeral  412 , is equipped with ‘claws’ or cutting elements, indicated by numeral  414 , which harvest and direct soil forward, up and out onto banks of excavation. The resulting excavated ditch has a rounded-U shape, indicated by numeral  416 . Depth can be adjusted by moving the arm  102  up and down, with maximum depth determined by the location of the axle or hub. 
         [0056]      FIG. 5  shows a top sectional view of a ‘shallow-V ditcher’ apparatus, indicated by numeral  501 , which is a prolate ellipsoidal shape. The shallow-V ditcher apparatus  501  is shown in one potential configuration, attached to the vehicle or frame on two arms, indicated by numerals  502 . The shallow-V ditcher apparatus  501  could also be attached with one arm, a boom, or a frame. The axle&#39;s rotational power source, indicated by numeral  504 , is powered from the vehicle, not shown, or independently. The axle, not visible in  FIG. 5 , extends from the rotational power source  504  through the body of the apparatus  501  to a connecting hub, indicated by numeral  506 . The shallow-V ditcher apparatus  501  is mounted parallel to the ground, and is lowered to ground level using the arms  502 . The prolate ellipsoidal shallow-V ditcher apparatus  501  rotates toward vehicle, and the face of the apparatus, not seen, is equipped with laterally angled ‘claws’ or cutting elements  414 , which harvest and direct soil forward, up and out onto banks of excavation. The resulting excavated ditch has a shallow-V shape, indicated by numeral  516 . Depth can be adjusted by moving arms  502  up and down, with maximum depth determined by the location of the axle at ground level. 
         [0057]      FIG. 6  shows a top sectional view of a ‘foundation footer’ apparatus, indicated by numeral  601 , which is a cylindrical drum shape. The foundation footer apparatus  601  is shown in one potential configuration, attached to the vehicle or frame on two arms, indicated by numerals  502 . The foundation footer apparatus  601  could also be attached with one arm, a boom, or a frame. The axle&#39;s rotational power source, indicated by numeral  504 , is powered from the vehicle, not shown, or independently. The axle, indicated by numeral  508 , extends from the rotational power source  504  through to a connecting hub, indicated by numeral  506 . The axle shown in  FIG. 6  is a square pocketed axle, with centrifugally extended sweeper blades, indicated by numeral  10 . This type of axle is further described in  FIG. 10 . The foundation apparatus  601  is mounted parallel to the ground, and is lowered to ground level using the arms  502 . The foundation apparatus  601  rotates toward vehicle, and the face of the apparatus, not seen, is equipped with ‘claws’ or cutting elements, which harvest and direct soil forward, up and out onto banks of excavation. The resulting excavated foundation, indicated by numeral  616 , has a smooth base and relatively ‘clean’ sides. Depth can be adjusted by moving the arms  502  up and down, with maximum depth determined by the location of the axle at ground level. 
         [0058]      FIG. 7  shows a top sectional view of a ‘shallow grader sidewalk/slab’ apparatus, indicated by numeral  701 , which is a cylindrical roller shape. The sidewalk/slab apparatus  701  is shown in one potential configuration, attached to the vehicle on two arms, indicated by numerals  502 . The sidewalk/slab apparatus  701  is wider than other apparatuses, not lending itself to one-arm attachment, but could also be attached on a frame. The axle&#39;s rotational power source, indicated by numeral  504 , is powered from the vehicle, not shown, or independently. The axle, not visible in  FIG. 7 , extends from the rotational power source  504  through the sidewalk/slab to a connecting arm, indicated by numeral  506 . The sidewalk/slab apparatus  701  is mounted parallel to the ground, and is lowered to ground level using the arms  502 . The cylindrical roller sidewalk/slab apparatus  701  rotates toward vehicle, and the face of the apparatus is equipped with ‘claws’ or cutting elements, indicated by numeral  414 , which harvest and direct soil forward, up and out onto banks of excavation. The resulting excavation has a shallow graded shape, as indicated by numeral  716 . Depth can be adjusted by moving the arms  502  up and down, with maximum depth determined by the location of the axle at ground level. 
         [0059]      FIG. 8  shows a top sectional view of a mounded ‘bedder’ apparatus, indicated by numeral  801 , which is substantially cylindrical, but with a concave body of hourglass shape. The bedder apparatus  801  is shown in one potential configuration, attached to the vehicle on two arms, indicated by numerals  502 . The bedder apparatus  801  is wider than other apparatuses, not lending itself to one-arm attachment, but could also be attached on a frame. The axle&#39;s rotational power source, indicated by numeral  504 , is powered from the vehicle, not shown, or independently. The axle, not visible in  FIG. 8 , extends from the rotational power source  504  through the sidewalk/slab apparatus body to a connecting hub, indicated by numeral  506 . The bedder apparatus  801  is mounted parallel to the ground, and is lowered to ground level using the arms  502 . The cylindrical hourglass bedder apparatus  801  rotates toward vehicle, and the face of the apparatus, is equipped with medially angled ‘claws’ or cutting elements, indicated by numeral  414 , which harvest and direct soil forward and medially toward center of excavation. The resulting excavation has a mounded bed shape, indicated by numeral  816 . Depth can be adjusted by moving the arms  502  up and down, with maximum depth determined by the location of the axle at ground level. 
         [0060]      FIG. 9  shows an oblique view of a directional harvester ‘claw’ or cutting element, indicated by numeral  901 , that is attached at intervals to the face of each apparatus. Each claw has a flat base, indicated by numeral  902 , for attachment to the face of apparatuses. Claws are bolted in place for easy removal if needed for maintenance. Each claw extends out from the base on the face of the apparatus, vertically away from the base, as shown by numeral  904 . The claw has a knuckle, permanently bent at approximately a 90-degree angle, as shown by numeral  906 . Lastly, the claws have an angled cutting element, shown by numeral  908 , parallel to the face of the apparatuses, which are responsible for cutting into, harvesting and dispersing soil. Laterally angled, soil is directed to lateral banks of the excavation, and medially angled, soil is directed toward the center and mounded between two excavated depressions. 
         [0061]      FIG. 10  shows an oblique view of an alternative axle, indicated by numeral  1001  which may be used to support narrower apparatuses, or independently to clean out an excavated area. The axle  1001  is square and fits into a pocket, shown by numeral  1002  that can be secured to a rotational power source, not shown. Hinged ‘sweeper blades’ are attached at intervals to axle  1001 , and are indicated by numeral  1004 . Sweeper blades  1004  extend away from base of axle  1001  by centrifugal force, when axle  1001  is rotated. The axle is designed to sweep away small particles of soil for further cleaning of an excavated area. 
         [0062]      FIG. 11  shows a perspective view of the cylindrical, drum-shaped apparatus for foundation footings  201 , as previously described. As an example of how apparatuses might be vehicle-attached, the foundation apparatus  201  is shown attached to a tracked vehicle, indicated by numeral  1101 . Tracks propel the vehicle across the earth, indicated by numeral  1102 . The tracked vehicle  1101  is shown in one potential configuration, with a standing platform  1104  for ease of operation, with controls at elbow level, shown by numeral  1106 , but other methods of operation could be configured. A boom extends from the vehicle, indicated by numeral  1108 , and the boom can be raised or lowered by a telescoping power shaft, indicated by numeral  1110 . A curved arm extends from the boom to the axle or hub of the apparatus, indicated by numeral  1112 . Power is diverted from vehicle  1101  the apparatus  201 , with several options for diversion, not shown. A rotational power source, not shown, is used to rotate axle  1114 , and thus foundation apparatus  201 , to create a foundation footer, indicated by numeral  1116 . A continuous sweeper blade is shown in a spiral configuration around axle  1114 , indicated by numeral  1118 , to further move excavated soil away from foundation excavation. A metal plate as shown as one means of protecting operator from excavated debris, indicated by numeral  1120 . 
         [0063]      FIG. 12  shows a perspective view of the spherical apparatus for rounded-U ditches  401 , as previously described. As an example of how apparatuses might be vehicle-attached, the rounded-U ditcher apparatus  401  is shown attached to a stump-grinder vehicle, indicated by numeral  1201 . The vehicle  1201  is shown propelled on wheels, indicated by numeral  1202  and utilizes hand-controlled mechanism, indicated by numeral  1204 , to be operated by a stand-beside operator. Depth of excavation is controlled by a metal plate, indicated by numeral  1206 , which extends forward at an incline, notched into frame and secured. The frame, has two vertical bars, notched and bent inward, indicated by numeral  1208 . An arm, indicated by numeral  1210 , extend forward for attachment of the apparatus  401 . Power in this configuration is diverted from vehicle  1201  to rotational power source of apparatus, pathway not shown. As shown, the axle of apparatus  401  is held above the ground level, as shown by arrow  1212 , resulting in a relatively shallow rounded-U shape ditch, indicated by numeral  1216 . 
         [0064]      FIG. 13  shows a perspective view of the prolate ellipsoid apparatus for shallow-V ditches  501 , as previously described. As an example of how apparatuses might be vehicle-attached, the shallow-V ditcher apparatus  501  is shown attached to a zero-turn vehicle, indicated by numeral  1301 . The vehicle  1301  is shown propelled on wheels, indicated by numeral  1202  with hand-controlled mechanism, indicated by numeral  1302 , to be worked by a seated operator. The attached frame, has a metal plate extending forward from the vehicle, indicated by numeral  1304 . The frame  1304  is beneath the foot-rest platform, indicated by numeral  1306 , and serves a dual purpose, providing a frame for the apparatus and a metal guard to protect the operator. Two arms, indicated by numeral  1308 , extend down vertically, for attachment of the apparatus  501 . Power in this configuration is diverted from vehicle  1201  through hydraulics, shown by numeral  1310 . As shown, the resulting in a relatively shallow-V shape ditch, indicated by numeral  1316 . 
         [0065]      FIG. 14  shows a perspective view of the cylindrical, drum-shaped apparatus for foundation footings  201 , as previously described. As an example of how apparatuses might be vehicle-attached, the foundation apparatus  201  is shown attached to a skid-steer vehicle, indicated by numeral  1401 . The vehicle  1401  is shown propelled on wheels, indicated by numeral  1202  with cabin for operator, indicated by numeral  1402 . Depth of excavation is controlled by a bars, indicated by numeral  1404 , that raise and lower frame, indicated by numeral  1406 . Frame  1406  has a vertical metal plate that has the dual purpose of providing a frame and a guard to protect the operator. Two arms, indicated by numeral  1408 , supported by angled braces, indicated by numeral  1410 , extend forward for attachment of the apparatus  201 . Power in this configuration is provided by hydraulics, indicated by numeral  1310 , to rotational power source of apparatus, not shown. As shown, the axle of apparatus  201  is held parallel at ground level, with the resulting foundation footer indicated by numeral  1416 . 
         [0066]      FIG. 15  shows a perspective view of the cylindrical, roller apparatus for sidewalks/slabs  701 , as previously described. As an example of how apparatuses might be vehicle-attached, the foundation apparatus  701  is shown attached to a rough-terrain forklift type vehicle, indicated by numeral  1501 . The vehicle  1501  is shown propelled on wheels, indicated by numeral  1202  with cabin for operator, indicated by numeral  1502 . Depth of excavation is controlled by elevator bars, indicated by numeral  1504 , that raise and lower frame, indicated by numeral  1506 . Frame  1506  has two arms that extend forward, indicated by numeral  1508 , attaching to a perpendicular bar, indicated by numeral  1510 . From the perpendicular bar  1510 , two additional arms, indicated by numeral  1512 , extend forward for attachment of the apparatus  701 . Power in this configuration is diverted from vehicle  1501  through hydraulics, indicated by numeral  1310  to rotational power source of apparatus, not shown. As shown, the axle of apparatus  701  is held parallel to but above the ground level, resulting in a relatively shallow sidewalk excavation indicated by numeral  1516 . 
         [0067]      FIG. 16  shows a perspective view of the cylindrical hourglass-shaped apparatus for mounded beds  801 , as previously described. As an example of how apparatuses might be vehicle-attached, the bedder apparatus  801  is shown attached to a tractor equipped with a front end loader mechanism, indicated by numeral  1601 . The vehicle  1601  is shown propelled on wheels, indicated by numeral  1202 , with conventional tractor-loader mechanisms, indicated by numeral  1602 , to be controlled by a seated operator. Depth of excavation is controlled by tow hydraulic lifts, indicated by numeral  1604 . Two booms, indicated by numeral  1606 , extend forward and down for attachment to the frame, indicated by numeral  1608 . Frame  1608  consists of two perpendicular metal plates that extend down vertically and forward from the booms  1606 . Two arms, indicated by numeral  1610 , extend down from forward plate of frame  1608 . Power in this configuration is diverted from vehicle  1601  through hydraulics or other means, not shown, to rotational power source of apparatus, not shown. As shown, the axle of apparatus  801  is held at ground level, resulting in a mounded bed of soil, indicated by numeral  1616 . 
         [0068]      FIG. 17  shows a perspective view of the cylindrical drum-shaped apparatus for foundation footings  201 , as previously described. As an example of how apparatuses might be vehicle-attached, the foundation apparatus  201  is shown attached to a reversed zero-turn vehicle, indicated by numeral  1701 . The vehicle  1701  is shown propelled on wheels, indicated by numeral  1202 , with operator standing or seated, indicated by numeral  1702 , or walking beside unit. Control could be by hand-assisted control or by remote control, not shown. Depth of excavation is controlled by hydraulic lift, indicated by arrow and numeral  1704 , and laser beam from tripod, indicated by numeral  1706 , to vertical measuring rod, indicated by numeral  1708 . A boom, indicated by numeral  1710 , extends forward as shown by arrows for attachment to apparatus  201 . Boom  1710  also tilts in either direction to accommodate inclines, as shown by curved arrows, indicated by number  1712 . One arm, indicated by numeral  1714 , extends down from boom  1710  to apparatus  201 . Power in this configuration is diverted from vehicle  1701  through boom  1710  and arms  1714  to rotational power source of apparatus, not shown. Alternatively, power and control could be accomplished through remote control, hydraulics, or other means, not shown. As shown, the axle of apparatus  201  is held at ground level, and adjusted at intervals, resulting in a foundation footing formed in a step-down approach, indicated by numeral  1716 .