Abstract:
A method for manufacturing dielectric titanate fine powder having the formula Ba 1-x  Sr x  TiO 3  wherein 0&lt;x&lt;1 is disclosed, which includes the steps of preparing a hydrolysis product of an inorganic titanium compound TiO 2 .xH 2  O by dissolving the inorganic titanium compound in a neutral or alkaline aqueous solution, reacting the hydrolysis product with a water soluble salt of Ba and a water soluble salt of Sr in an aqueous alkaline solution having a pH no less than 13.0 to thereby obtain the dielectric fine powder having the formula Ba 1-x  Sr x  TiO 3  wherein 0&lt;x&lt;1, and filtering the fine powder from the remaining solution.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing barium-strontium titanate fine powder which is known as one of dielectric materials. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     Recently, a method for forming ceramic material, which is a functional electronic material, into fine powder has been studied from various angles. As one of the applications of such fine powder of the ceramic material, there is such application that the fine powder is used to produce a capacitor. As electronic products are made small in size and high in density, the capacitor is also requested to be made small in size, light in weight, large in capacitance and improved in high frequency characteristic similarly to other electronic parts. For this reason, in a ceramic capacitor, in order to make its thickness thin and uniform, the ceramic material must be formed into fine powder. 
     As one of such ceramic materials, there is known barium-strontium titanate Ba 1-x  Sr x  TiO 3  (0&lt;x&lt;1). As a prior art method for manufacturing such fine powder, there is a solid phase reaction method which uses BaCO 3 , SrCO 3  and TiO 2  as the raw material. In this solid phase reaction method, BaCO 3 , SrCO 3  and TiO 2  are weighted so as to make a desired composition, ground in a ball mill and then mixed to one another. Thereafter, the product is subjected to pressmolding, calcined at high temperature of 1300° to 1500° C., ground in the ball mill and the like and then subjected to to the sieving or screening treatment, thus fine powder being obtained. However, according to this solid phase reaction method, it takes a long time to grind the materials in the ball mill and in addition impurity and powder of large size are inevitably mixed to the product. Further, there is a defect that a particle size distribution grows worse and so on. As other synthesizing method, there is an oxalate method. In this method, complex metal oxalate is synthesized and then roasted to thereby make fine powder of Ba 1-x  Sr x  TiO 3 . According to this method, a process for synthesizing uniform complex metal oxalate is complicated and in addition, organic compound is used so that the manufacturing cost becomes high. Further, although the desired fine powder is obtained, the powder is essentially succeeding the original oxalate powder. To avoid the formation of the powder having the original oxalate structure a problem of the sintering between the powders occurs so that this method does not yet reach the industrial production stage at present. Furthermore, a method in which metal alkoxide is used to produce complex metal titanate fine powder of barium-strontium titanate Ba 1-x  Sr.sub. x TiO 3  has recently been studied and developed. This method must use special organic compound such as metal alkoxide so that the manufacturing cost thereof becomes considerably high as compared with the oxalate method. 
     OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide an improved method for manufacturing dielectric fine powder of Ba 1-x  Sr x  TiO 3  wherein 0&lt;x&lt;1. 
     Another object of this invention is to provide a method for manufacturing dielectric fine powder of Ba 1-x  Sr x  TiO 3  which can produce a fine powder which is very small in diameter and uniform in particle size. 
     A further object of this invention is to provide a method for manufacturing dielectric fine powder of Ba 1-x  Sr x  TiO 3 , by which dielectric fine powder can be manufactured at low cost and with ease. 
     A yet further object of this invention is to provide an improved method for manufacturing dielectric fine powder of Ba 1-x  Sr x  TiO 3  capable of producing a dielectric material having the maximum value of the dielectric constant with respect temperature at a desired temperature (not higher then 135° C.). 
     According to one aspect of this invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing dielectric titanate fine powder having the formula Ba 1-x  Sr x  TiO 3  wherein 0&lt;x&lt;1 comprising the steps of: 
     preparing a hydrolysis product of an inorganic titanium compound TiO 2  .xH 2  O by dissolving said inorganic titanium compound in a neutral or alkaline aqueous solution; 
     reacting said hydrolysis product with a water soluble salt of Ba and a water soluble salt of Sr in an aqueous alkaline solution having a pH not less than 13.0 to thereby obtain said dielectric fine powder having the formula Ba 1-x  Sr x  TiO 3  wherein 0&lt;x&lt;1; and 
     filtering said fine powder from the remaining solution. 
     The other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings through which the like references designate the same elements and parts. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIGS. 1 and 2 are respectively diagrams showing X-ray diffraction patterns of barium-strontium titanate fine powder made in accordance with a manufacturing method of this invention; 
     FIG. 3 is photograph of the fine powder manufactured by the method of this invention taken by a transmission electron microscope; 
     FIG. 4 is a characteristic graph showing the measured capacitance of a disc made of fine powder manufactured by this invention; 
     FIG. 5 is a characteristic graph showing a relation between a lattice constant and content of Sr; and 
     FIG. 6 is a characteristic graph showing a relation between Curie temperature and content of Sr. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In accordance with the manufacturing method of this invention, a hydrolyzed compound of Ti compound, a water soluble salt of Ba and a water soluble salt of Sr are reacted with one another in a strong alkaline aqueous solution at a temperature of approximately the boiling point thereof. The resultant precipitate is filtered, rinsed by water and then dried, thus complex metal titanate fine powder of barium-strontium titanate Ba 1-x  Sr x  TiO 3  (0&lt;x&lt;1) being made. 
     As the hydrolyzed compound of Ti compound, there can be used such one which is provided by hydrolyzing an aqueous solution such as TiCl 4 , Ti(SO 4 ) 2  and the like by an alkaline solution such as NH 4  OH, NaOH and so on. However, when Ti(SO 4 ) 2  is used, it is necessary that the hydrolyzed solution is repeatedly subjected to decantation and filtering so as to remove therefrom a sulfate group SO 4   2- . 
     As the water soluble salt of Ba, there can be used Ba(NO 3 ) 2 , Ba(OH) 2 , BaCl 2 , Ba(CH 3  COO) 2  and so on. Also, the hydrolyzed product of them can be used. 
     As the water soluble salt of Sr, there can be used SrO, Sr(OH) 2 , Sr(OH) 2 .8H 2  O, SrCl 2 , Sr(NO 3 ) 2 , Sr(CH 3  COO) 2  and the like. 
     As the reaction conditions for synthesizing barium-strontium titanate fine powder, pH is selected to be not less than 13.0, the molar ratio of (Ba+Sr)/Ti is selected in a range from 0.5 to 5.0 and the reaction temperature is selected in a range from 15° C. to the boiling point thereof. 
     As described above, according to this invention, the complex metal titanate fine powder of barium-strontium titanate can be synthesized directly by a wet synthesizing method under normal pressure. The fine powder made by this invention has the following excellent features that the diameter of the powder is very small and uniform and in addition this fine powder has less impurity mixed thereto. As compared with the dry method such as the solid phase reaction method, the method of this invention is superior in that a better fine powder can be obtained and that the manufacturing process thereof is very simple. Further, as compared with the oxalate method and the metal alkoxide method, in addition to the fact that the size of the fine powder thus made is substantially the same as those of the above oxalate and metal alkoxide methods, no organic compound is used and hence the fine powder can be manufactured by the simple manufacturing process. As a result, the present invention is further superior in decreasing the manufacturing cost by two to three digits. Furthermore, when the fine powder made by this invention is used as the dielectric material, it is possible to make the dielectric material having Curie temperature, namely, the maximum value of the dielectric constant at a desired temperature. 
     The present invention will hereinafter be described with reference to examples. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     50 g of TiCl 4  was dissolved into 50 ml of an iced water while being stirred so as to make a Ti aqueous solution. Then, water was added thereto to prepare the Ti aqueous solution of 500 ml. Next, 55.11 g of Ba(NO 3 ) 2  and 11.16 g of Sr(NO 3 ) 2  were added and dissolved into this aqueous solution. Thereafter, the aqueous solution was adjusted to have pH 14 by adding a KOH solution thereto and then added with water so as to be 1 l in total volume. While being stirred, this solution was reacted at 100° C. for four hours. After the reaction, the resultant precipitate was rinsed by water by decantation treatment, filtered and further rinsed by water. Thereafter, the resultant product was dried at 100° C. for all day long, to thereby obtain fine powder. 
     FIG. 1 shows the results in which the fine powder made by the above treatment was analyzed by an X-ray analysis (Cu target and Ni filter). From this X-ray diffraction pattern, it was confirmed that this fine powder was a single phase Ba 0 .8 Sr 0 .2 TiO 3  of cubic perovskite structure (x=0.2 is based on the result of chemical analysis). The lattice constant a 0  of this fine powder was 4.004 Å. 
     FIG. 3 shows a photograph of this fine powder taken by a transmission electron microscope. From this photograph, it was understood that this powder was made of fine powders which have a diameter of about 500 Å and were very uniform in size. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     50 g of TiCl 4  was dissolved into 50 ml of an iced water while being stirred so as to make a Ti aqueous solution. Thereafter, water was added thereto so as to prepare the aqueous solution of 500 ml. Next, 45.92 g of Ba(NO 3 ) 2  and 18.59 g of Sr(NO 3 ) 2  were added and dissolved into this aqueous solution. Then, the aqueous solution was adjusted to have a pH 14 by adding a KOH solution thereto and water was further added thereto to prepare the aqueous solution of 1 l. While being stirred, this aqueous solution was reacted at 100° C. for four hours. The resultant precipitate was rinsed by water by decantation, filtered, further rinsed by water and then dried at 100° C. for all day long. 
     The X-ray diffraction pattern of the fine particle powder obtained by the above treatment was substantially the same as that shown in FIG. 1 and it was confirmed that this fine powder was Ba 2/3  Sr 1/3  TiO 3 . Further, according to the transmission electron microscope, the fine powder of substantially the same shape as that in FIG. 3 was observed. The lattice constant a 0  of the fine powder was 3.981 Å. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     50 g of TiCl 4  was dissolved into 50 ml of an iced water while being stirred so as to make a Ti aqueous solution. Then, water was added thereto to prepare the aqueous solution of 500 ml. Then, 34.44 g of Ba(NO 3 ) 2  and 27.89 g of Sr(NO 3 ) 2  were added and dissolved into this aqueous solution. Thereafter, the aqueous solution was adjusted to have a pH 14 by adding a KOH solution thereto and water was added thereto to prepare the aqueous solution of 1 l. While being stirred, this aqueous solution was reacted at 100° C. for four hours. The resultant precipitate was rinsed by water by decantation, filtered, further rinsed by water and then dried at 100° C. for all day long. 
     The X-ray diffraction pattern of the fine powder obtained by the above treatment was substantially the same as that of FIG. 1, and it was confirmed that this fine powder was Ba 0 .5 Sr 0 .5 TiO 3  of cubic perovskite structure. According to the transmission electron microscope, the fine powder of substantially the same shape as that of FIG. 3 was observed. In this case, the lattice constant a 0  thereof was 3.968 Å. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     50 g of TiCl 4  was dissolved into 50 ml of an iced water while being stirred so as to make a Ti aqueous solution. Then, water was added thereto to prepare the aqueous solution of 500 ml. Next, 22.96 g of Ba(NO 3 ) 2  and 37.18 g of Sr(NO 3 ) 2  were added and dissolved into this aqueous solution. Thereafter, this aqueous solution was adjusted to have a pH 14 by adding a KOH solution thereto and water was further added thereto to prepare the aqueous solution of 1 l. While being stirred, this aqueous solution was reacted at 100° C. for four hours. The resultant precipitate was rinsed by water by decantation, filtered, further rinsed by water and then dried at 100° C. for all day long. 
     The X-ray diffraction pattern of the fine powder made by the above treatment was substantially the same as that of FIG. 1, and it was confirmed that this fine powder was Ba 1/3  Sr 2/3  TiO 3  of cubic perovskite structure. Further, according to the transmission electron miscroscope, the fine powder of substantially the same shape as that of FIG. 3 was observed. In this case, the lattice constant a 0  thereof was 3.948 Å. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     50 g of TiCl 4  was dissolved into 50 ml of an iced water while being stirred so as to make a Ti aqueous solution. Then, water was added thereto to prepare the aqueous solution of 500 ml. Then, 13.78 g of Ba(NO 3 ) 2  and 44.63 g of Sr(NO 3 ) 2  were added and dissolved into this aqueous solution. Thereafter, this aqueous solution was adjusted to have a pH 14 by adding a KOH solution thereto and water was further added thereto to prepare the aqueous solution of 1 l. While being stired, this aqueous solution was reacted at 100° C. for four hours. The resultant precipitate was rinsed by water by decantation, filtered, further rinsed by water and then dried at 100° C. for all day long. 
     The X-ray diffraction pattern of the fine powder obtained by the above treatment was as shown in FIG. 2 and it was confirmed that this fine powder was Ba 0 .2 Sr 0 .8 TiO 3  of cubic perovskite structure. Comparing the X-ray diffraction patterns of the fine powders of five kinds in Examples 1 to 5, it was made clear that as the value x becomes large, namely, in accordance with the sequential order from Example 1 to Example 5, the diffraction peak was shifted in the order. Further, according to the transmission electron microscope, the fine powder of substantially the same shape as that of FIG. 3 was observed in this example. In this case, its lattice constant a 0  was 3.936 Å. 
     Regarding the Ba 1-x  Sr x  TiO 3  fine powders obtained in Examples 1 to 5, a characteristic graph showing a relation between the lattice constant a 0  and the value x is shown in FIG. 5. From this graph of FIG. 5, it was clear that a curve A substantially follows Vegard&#39;s law. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     50 g of TiCl 4  was dissolved into 50 ml of an iced water while being stirred so as to make a Ti aqueous solution. Then, water was added thereto to prepare the aqueous solution of 500 ml. Next, this aqueous solution was adjusted to have pH 7 by adding an NaOH solution thereto. 66.52 g of Ba(OH) 2 . 8H 2  O and 14.01 g of Sr(OH) 2 .8H 2  O were added and dissolved into this aqueous solution. Thereafter, this aqueous solution was adjusted to have pH 13.5 by adding an NaOH solution thereto and water was added thereto to prepare the aqueous solution of 1 l. While being stirred, this aqueous solution was reacted at 100° C. for four hours. The resultant precipitate was filtered, rinsed by water and then dried at 70° C. for two days long. 
     The X-ray diffraction pattern of the fine powder obtained by the above treatment is completely the same as that of FIG. 1 except for that the diffraction intensity is very slightly lowered as compared with that of FIG. 1. And, it was confirmed that this fine powder was barium-strontium titanate of cubic perovskite structure. In this case, the lattice constant a 0  thereof was 4.002 Å. Further, according to the transmission electron misroscope, the fine powder of substantially the same shape as that of FIG. 3 was observed. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     The respective fine powders synthesized in Examples 1 to 5 were used and subjected to heat treatment at 800° C. for 2 hours in the atmosphere. Thereafter, they are pressed at 1500 kg/cm 2  and molded so as to make disc-shape products. After the respective disc-shape products were fired at 1300° C. (the rising speed of temperature was 100° C./hour) for two hours in the atmosphere, the change of temperature of dielectric constant ε (the temperature change of electrostatic capacitance) thereof were measured at 1 kHz. By way of example, a characteristic graph showing the results in which the capacitance of the disc-shape products made of Ba 0 .8 Sr 0 .2 TiO 3  fine powder was measured was shown in FIG. 4. Since no additives to improve sintering property was used, the density did not reach the vicinity of 100% of the theoretical density so that the true dielectric constant can not be obtained. However, it may be considered that the temperature where the peak value was obtained is substantially equal to Curie temperature Tc. 
     FIG. 6 is a characteristic graph showing a relation between Curie temperature Tc and the value x of Ba 1-x  Sr x  TiO 3 . This characteristic graph of FIG. 6 makes it clear that according to this invention, it is possible to obtain the dielectric material in which the maximum value of the dielectric constant is set at a desired temperature (not higher than 135° C.). 
     The above description is given on the preferred embodiments of the invention, but it will be apparent that many modifications and variations could be effected by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirits or scope of the novel concepts of the invention, so that the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims only.