Abstract:
A rotary encoder including a code member having an annular plate-shaped portion and a plurality of tongues formed as a result of bending from the plate-shaped portion. The code member is formed of a metallic plate. The code member is mounted to the rotary member so that the tongues are positioned at the circumferential surface of the rotary member, and the plate-shaped portion is positioned at an end surface of the rotary member. This makes it possible to provide a low-cost rotary encoder of reduced size.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to rotary encoders that are used in, for example, computer terminal devices, portable communication devices, or sound devices. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     The structure of a conventional rotary encoder will be described with reference to FIGS. 51-55. As best seen in FIG. 53, an insulating base  51  molded out of synthetic resin includes a base portion  51   b  having a hole  51   a  in the center portion thereof, a pair of arms  51   c  which extend at right angles from opposite ends of the base portion  51   b,  and supporting portions  51   d  formed on the ends of the arms  51   c.  The supporting portions  51   d  have holes formed therein by cutting away portions thereof. 
     Contactors  52 , formed of metallic plates, have contact portions  52   a  and terminal portions  52   b.  Similarly, a common contactor  53 , formed of a metallic plate, has a contact portion  53   a  and a terminal portion  53   b.  The contactors  52  and the common contactor  53  are disposed in a row and are embedded into and mounted to the base portion  51   b.  The contact portions  52   a  and the contact portion  53   a  are positioned within the hole  51   a.  The terminals  52   b  and the terminal  53   b  protrude outwardly from the base portion  51   b.    
     As best seen in FIG. 54, a resilient plate  54 , formed of a metallic plate, is disposed in a row with the contactors  52  and the common contactor  53  and is also mounted to the base portion  51   b.    
     As best seen in FIGS. 52 and 55, a cylindrical rotary member  55  comprises a cylindrical portion  56  molded out of synthetic resin, and a code member  57  provided at the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical portion  56 . The code member  57  is formed of an electrically conductive material. In particular, the code member  57  is formed by molding electrically conductive resin twice. 
     A common pattern  57   a,  a comb-like code pattern  57   b,  and a clicking uneven portion  56   a  are formed at the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical portion  56  so as to be disposed in a row along the direction of the rotational axis. 
     Shafts  56   b  are provided at both ends of the cylindrical portion  56 . A noncircular hole  56   c  is formed in the center portion of the cylindrical portion  56 . 
     The rotary member  55  is rotatably mounted to the insulating base  51  by snapping the shafts  56   b  into the supporting portions  51   d  of the pair of arms  51   c.  When the rotary member  55  has been mounted, the contact portion  53   a  of the common contactor  53  is in contact with the common pattern  57   a,  the contact portions  52   a  of the contactors  52  are in contact with the code pattern  57   b,  and the resilient plate  54  is in resilient contact with the uneven portion  56   a.    
     A dome-shaped cover  58  is mounted to the insulating base  51  so as to cover the rotary member  55 , whereby the body E 2  of the encoder is constructed. 
     As shown in FIG. 53, the body E 2  of the encoder is mounted on a printed circuit board P 2  by placing the bottom surface of the insulating base  51  on the printed board P 2 . The terminal portions  52   b  of the contactors  52  and the terminal portion  53   b  of the common contactor  53  are inserted through a hole in the printed board P 2  and are soldered onto a wiring pattern (not shown). 
     The conventional rotary encoder having the above-described structure operates as follows. When an actuating shaft (not shown) is inserted in the hole  56   c  of the rotary member  55  and is rotated from the outside, the rotary member  55  is likewise rotated. When the rotary member  55  is rotated, the code member  57  is also rotated. Although the common contact  53  is always in contact with the common pattern  57   a,  the contactors  52  are only in intermittent contact with the code pattern  57   b.  This causes a pulse signal to be generated between the common contactor  53  and the contactors  52  as the rotary member  55  is rotated. 
     The rotation of the rotary member  55  causes the resilient plate  54  to engage and disengage with the uneven portion  56   a,  thereby generating a clicking of the rotary member  55 . 
     However, the conventional rotary encoder is formed by molding the code member  57  out of electrically conductive resin. Consequently, the molding of the code member  57  is difficult and expensive to produce. In addition, since the common pattern  57   a,  the code pattern  57   b,  and the clicking uneven portion  56   a  are disposed in a row along the outer circumferential surface of the rotary member  55 , the conventional rotary encoder is relatively large in the direction of the rotational axis of the rotary member  55 . 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a small, low-cost rotary encoder that overcomes the above-referenced problems. 
     To this end, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotary encoder comprising a rotary member which is formed of an insulating material and which has at least one of a columnar shape, a cylindrical shape, and a truncated conical shape; a code member mounted to the rotary member and formed of a metallic plate; and a plurality of contactors which contact the code member. In the rotary encoder, the code member comprises an annular plate-shaped portion and a plurality of tongues formed by bending the plate-shaped portion. The plate-shaped portion is disposed in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the rotational axis of the rotary member. The tongues are disposed so as to be exposed at a circumferential surface side of the rotary member. 
     Accordingly, since the code member comprising an annular plate-shaped portion and the plurality of tongues are formed of a metallic plate, it is possible to provide a low-cost rotary encoder which can be easily produced with high productivity as compared to the conventional device wherein a molded electrically conductive resin is used. 
     In addition, since the plate-shaped portion is disposed in a direction perpendicular to the rotational axial direction of the rotary member, and the tongues are disposed so as to be exposed at the circumferential surface side of the rotary member, a proper spacing along the rotational axis is obtained for the plate-shaped portion, thereby permiting the manufacture of a small rotary encoder. 
     The tongues of the code member may be formed by bending from an outer peripheral portion of the plate-shaped portion. This structure is therefore effective when the tongues need to be made long. 
     The tongues of the code member may alternatively be by bending from an inner peripheral portion of the plate-shaped portion. This enables material from the metallic plate to be eliminated, making it possible to provide a small, low-cost rotary encoder. 
     The tongues of the code member may be disposed at an outer circumferential surface side of the rotary member. Accordingly, the contactors can be freely disposed, making it possible to provide a rotary encoder adapted to various forms. 
     The rotary member may have a cylindrical shape, and the tongues of the code member may be disposed at an inner circumferential surface side of the rotary member. Accordingly, the code member can be made small, making it possible to provide a small rotary encoder. 
     When a rotary encoder comprises a rotary member, a code member, and a plurality of contactors, the code member may be embedded into the rotary member in order to be mounted to the rotary member. Accordingly, the manufacturing process can be simplified, and improved productivity is achieved, making it possible to provide a low-cost rotary encoder. 
     When a rotary member comprises a rotary member, a code member, and a plurality of contactors, the tongues of the code member may be fitted into a groove formed in the circumferential surface side of the rotary member in order to mount the code member to the rotary member. Accordingly, it is possible to easily adapt to various forms of the code member, so that an adaptable rotary encoder can be provided. 
     When the code member is embedded into the rotary member, the plate-shaped portion may be disposed at an end surface side of the rotary member, which extends perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotary member. Accordingly, the plate-shaped portion can be supported by a die during the manufacturing process. This makes it possible to provide a rotary encoder of improved quality. 
     When a rotary member comprises a rotary member, a code member, and a plurality of contactors, the contactors may be brought into contact with the plate-shaped portion and the tongues, the plate-shaped portion may be a common contact, and the tongues may be change-over contacts. Accordingly, the amount of space in the direction of the rotational axis can be reduced, making it possible to provide a rotary encoder of reduced size. 
     According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotary encoder comprising a rotary member which is formed of an insulating material and which has at least one of a columnar shape, a cylindrical shape, or a truncated conical shape; a code pattern provided at an external surface of the rotary member; and a contactor which contacts the code pattern. The code pattern is formed at a circumferential surface of the rotary member. A common pattern, which is electrically conductive with the code pattern, is formed at an end surface of the rotary member. A common contactor is in contact with the common pattern. 
     Accordingly, since the code pattern is formed at the circumferential surface of the rotary member, and the common pattern which is electrically conductive with the code pattern is formed at an end surface of the rotary member, the code pattern can be made long, and the length of the rotary member in the direction of the rotational axis can be made smaller than that of a rotary member of a conventional rotary encoder. Therefore, a reduced size rotary encoder can be provided. 
     The code pattern may be formed at an outer circumferential surface of the rotary member. Accordingly, the code pattern can be made long, and the contactors can be freely disposed, making it possible to provide a rotary encoder which can adapt to various forms. 
     When a rotary encoder comprises a rotary member, a code pattern, and a contactor, the rotary member may have a cylindrical shape, and the code pattern may be formed at an inner circumferential surface of the rotary member. Accordingly, the height of the contactor can be reduced, making it possible to provide a smaller rotary encoder. 
     When a rotary encoder comprises a rotary member, a code pattern, and a contactor, a plurality of the contactors may be disposed opposite each other, with the circumferential surface of the rotary member being disposed therebetween, and the common contactor may be disposed so as to oppose the end surface of the rotary member. Accordingly, they are not disposed in a row along the rotational axis with respect to each other, so that a proper space factor along the rotational axis can be obtained, making it possible to provide a rotary encoder of reduced size. 
     When a plurality of the contactors are disposed opposite each other, with the circumferential surface of the rotary member being disposed therebetween, and the common contactor is disposed so as to oppose the end surface of the rotary member, the contactors and the common contactor may be mounted to an insulating base formed of an insulating material, and may be provided so as to extend in the direction of the rotary member with the insulating base as a reference surface. Accordingly, the reference of the contactors and the common contactor in the height direction is the insulating base, so that the precision with which they are mounted relative to each other is increased. Therefore, it is possible to provide a highly precise rotary encoder. 
     According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotary encoder comprising a rotary member which is formed of an insulating material and which has at least one of a columnar shape, a cylindrical shape, and a truncated conical shape; a code pattern formed at an external surface of the rotary member; and a plurality of contactors which contact the code pattern. In the rotary encoder of this embodiment, the code pattern is formed at a circumferential surface of the rotary member. A clicking uneven portion is formed at one of the end surfaces of the rotary member. An engaging member is made to engage and disengage the uneven portion in order to form a click mechanism. 
     Accordingly, since the code pattern is formed at the circumferential surface of the rotary member, and the clicking uneven portion is formed at one end surface of the rotary member to allow the engaging member to engage and disengage the uneven portion so as to construct a click mechanism, the code pattern can be made long, and the length of the rotary member in the direction of the rotational axis can be made smaller than that of a rotary member of a conventional rotary encoder. Therefore, it is possible to provide a rotary encoder of reduced size. 
     A common pattern which is electrically conductive with the code pattern may be formed at the other end surface of the rotary member which opposes the one end surface of the rotary member, and a common contactor may be in contact with the common pattern. Accordingly, the space in the rotational axial direction at the common pattern can be reduced, making the size in the rotational axial direction even smaller. Therefore, it is possible to provide a rotary encoder of reduced size. 
     When a common pattern which is electrically conductive with the code pattern is formed at the other end surface of the rotary member that opposes the one end surface of the rotary member, and a common contactor is in contact with the common pattern, the plurality of contactors may be disposed opposite each other, with the circumferential surface of the rotary member being disposed therebetween, the engaging member may be disposed so as to oppose the one end surface of the rotary member, and the common contactor may be disposed so as to oppose the other end surface of the rotary member. Accordingly, these components are not disposed in a row along the rotational axis with respect to each other, so that a proper space factor can be obtained. This makes it possible to provide a rotary encoder of reduced size. 
     When the plurality of contactors are disposed opposite each other, with the circumferential surface of the rotary member being disposed therebetween, the engaging member is disposed so as to oppose the one end surface of the rotary member, and the common contactor is disposed so as to oppose the other end surface of the rotary member, the contactors and the common contactor may be mounted to an insulating base formed of an insulating material, and the contactors, the common contactor, and the engaging member may be provided so as to extend in the direction of the rotary member, with the insulating base as a reference surface. Accordingly, the reference of the contactors, the common contactor, and the engaging member in the height direction is the insulating base, so that the precision with which they are mounted relative to each other can be increased. Therefore, it is possible provide a highly precise rotary encoder. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a front view of a rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a back view of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 3 is a top view of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 6 is a sectional side view of the main portion of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 7 is a sectional front view of the main portion of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an insulating base and a rotary member that are assembled together in the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 9 is a front view of a first example of an insulating base of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 10 is a side view of the first example of the insulating base of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the first example of the insulating base of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the first example of the insulating base and a contactor of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 13 illustrates a method of producing the insulating base of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 14 is a front view of a second example of an insulating base of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 15 is a side view of the second example of the insulating base of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 16 is a bottom view of the second example of the insulating base of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 17 shows the relationship between the second example of the insulating base and a contactor of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 18 is a front view of a first example of a rotary member of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 19 is a side view of the first example of the rotary member of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 20 is a back view of the first example of the rotary member of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 21 is a sectional side view of the first example of the rotary member of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 22 illustrates a method of producing the first example of the rotary member and a code member of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 23 illustrates the method of producing the first example of the rotary member and the code member of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 24 is a sectional view taken along line XXIV—XXIV in FIG.  23 . 
     FIG. 25 illustrates the method of producing the first example of the rotary member and the code member of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 26 is a perspective view of the code member of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 27 is a front view of a second example of a rotary member of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 28 is a side view of the second example of the rotary member of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 29 is a back view of the second example of the rotary member of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 30 is a sectional side view of the second example of the rotary member of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 31 is a perspective view showing a method of mounting the second example of the rotary member and a code member of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 32 is a front view showing a state in which the second example of the rotary member and the code member are assembled together in the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 33 is a side view showing the state in which the second example of the rotary member and the code member are assembled together in the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 34 is a front view of an engaging member of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 35 is a top view of the engaging member of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 36 is a bottom view of the engaging member of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 37 is a sectional view taken along line XXXVII—XXXVII in FIG.  34 . 
     FIG. 38 is a perspective view of a first example of a mounting plate of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 39 is a front view of the first example of the mounting plate of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 40 is a side view of the first example of the mounting plate of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 41 is a bottom view of the first example of the mounting plate of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 42 is a perspective view showing a state in which the first example of the mounting plate is mounted to the body of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 43 is a sectional view showing the main portion of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention where the first example of the mounting plate is mounted to the body of the rotary encoder. 
     FIG. 44 is a perspective view showing the first example of the mounting plate mounted to the body of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 45 is a front view of a second example of a mounting plate of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 46 is a side view of the second example of the mounting plate of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 47 is a back view of the second example of the mounting plate of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 48 is a perspective view showing a state in which the second example of the mounting plate is mounted to the body of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 49 is a back view showing the state in which the second example of the mounting plate is mounted to the body of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 50 is a side view showing the state in which the second example of the mounting plate is mounted to the body of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 51 is a perspective view of a conventional rotary encoder. 
     FIG. 52 is an exploded perspective view of the conventional rotary encoder. 
     FIG. 53 is a sectional view showing a state in which a contactor resiliently presses a rotary member of the conventional rotary encoder. 
     FIG. 54 is a sectional view showing a state in which a resilient plate resiliently presses the rotary member of the conventional rotary encoder. 
     FIG. 55 is a perspective view of the rotary member of the conventional rotary encoder. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring to FIGS. 1-50, the structure of the rotary encoder in accordance with the present invention will be described. In the preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-11, an insulating base  1  comprises a rectangular main base portion  2 , a side wall  3  provided vertically at right angles to the main base portion  2 , and a pair of auxiliary base portions  5  connected at both sides of the main base portion  2  by thin portions  4 . The insulating base  11  is molded out of an insulating material. 
     The main base portion  2  includes recesses  2   a  formed in both end surfaces thereof, a columnar protrusion  2   b  formed on the center of the front end surface thereof, and a pair of catching portions  2   c  having tapering bottom surfaces. 
     The side wall  3  extends vertically from the corners of the top surface of the main base portion  2  (as viewed in FIG.  6 ). It includes a circular hole  3   b  which is formed at the center portion thereof and which has a flange  3   a  formed thereat, a pair of clearance holes  3   c  which extend from both sides of the hole  3   b  to the main base portion  2 , a pair of top walls  3   d  which extend at right angles from the top portion thereof, a groove  3   e  formed between the pair of top walls  3   d,  stepped catching portions  3   f  formed on the top surfaces of the pair of top walls  3   d,  and protrusions  3   g.    
     The pair of auxiliary base portions  5  each comprise a protrusion  5   a  whose edge is rounded, and a small protruding linear portion  5   b  formed on the bottom surface of its corresponding protrusion  5   a  (see FIG.  11 ). 
     As shown in FIG. 8, the insulating base  1  is formed into a rectangular shape by bending the thin portions  4  from the state shown in FIG.  5  and forcibly inserting the protrusions  5   a  of the auxiliary base portions  5  into the corresponding recesses  2   a  in the main base portion  2 . The protruding linear portions  5   b  of the auxiliary base portions  5  make it possible to easily and reliably forcibly insert the auxiliary base portions  5  into their corresponding recesses  2   a.    
     A plurality of contactors  6 , which are formed of metallic plates, comprise contact portions  6   a  and terminal portions  6   b.  The plurality of contactors  6  are embedded into and mounted to the auxiliary base portions  5 . The contact portions  6   a  protrude upward from the top surface of the insulating base  1 . The terminal portions  6   b  protrude downward from the bottom portion of the insulating base  1 . Flat ends of the terminal portions  6   b  are bent so as to be disposed at one end of the insulating base  1 , that is, near the location of and parallel with the side wall  3 . 
     A common contactor  7 , which is formed of metal, comprises a pair of contact portions  7   a  and a terminal portion  7   b.  The common contactor  7  is mounted to the portion of the main base portion  2  close to the side wall  3 . The contact portions  7   a  protrude upward from the top surface of the insulating base  1 , and are disposed in the clearance holes  3   c  of the side wall  3 . The terminal portion  7   b  protrudes downward from the bottom surface of the insulating base  1 . A flat end of the terminal portion  7   b  is bent so as to be disposed at an end of the insulating base  1 , that is, near the location of and parallel with the side wall  3 . Thus, with reference to the plane of the side wall  3 , the common contactor  7  is mounted facing downward. 
     In the preferred embodiment, portions of the plurality of contactors  6  are embedded in the main base portion  2  and the auxiliary base portions  5  so as to be connected between these components (see FIG.  5 ). The thin portions  4 , which connect the main base portion  2  to the auxiliary base portions  5 , are formed on portions of the corresponding contactors  6 . 
     The thin portions  4  may be formed by using metallic plates which are different from those used to form the contactors  6  and which are embedded in the insulating base  1 . In addition, the thin portions  4 , which connect the main base portion  2  to the auxiliary base portions  5 , may be formed of the insulating material used to form the insulating base  1 . 
     The method of manufacturing the insulating base  1 , the contactors  6 , and the common contactor  7  will be described with reference to FIG. 13. A plurality of holes  22  are formed in a metallic plate  21  (formed of a hoop material) so as to form a top frame  21   a  and a bottom frame  21   b.    
     The holes  22  are formed in the center of the metallic plate  21  to form a looped portion  21   c  (used to form the contact portions  7   a  of the common contactor  7 ) and a terminal portion  7   b  (of the common contactor  7 ) connected to the bottom frame  21   b  by a connecting portion  21   d.    
     On both sides of the looped portion  21   c  and the connecting portion  21   d,  the contact portions  6   a  of the contactors  6  are connected to the top frame  21   a  by corresponding connecting portions  21   e.  The terminal portions  6   b  of the contactors  6  are connected to the bottom frame  21   b  by corresponding connecting portions  21   f.  The contact portions  6   a  and the terminal portions  6   b  are connected by connectors  21   g  (which become the thin portions  4 ). In order to reliably hold the contact portions  6   a  during the molding operation, the bottom portions of the contact portions  6   a  are connected to the bottom frame  21   b  by connecting portions  21   h.    
     The metallic plate  21  having the above-described structure is clamped in a die (not shown). When resin is poured into the die, the main base portion  2 , the side wall  3 , and the auxiliary base portions  5  of the insulating base  1  are formed as shown by the dashed lines (one long and two short alternating dashes) shown in FIG.  13 . Then, cuts are formed along lines  23  in order to sever the contactors  6  and the common contactor  7  from portions of the metallic plate  21 , and to sever the contact portions  7   a  of the common contactor  7  from portions of the looped portion  21   c,  whereby the pair of contact portions  7   a  are formed in a cantilever arrangement. the resulting insulating base  1  is produced as shown in FIG.  9 . 
     FIGS. 14 to  17  illustrate a second emobodiment of an insulating base  1 , contactors  6 , and common contactor  7 . In the second embodiment, only the forms of terminal portions  6   b  of the contactors  6  and a terminal portion  7   b  of the common contactor  7  differ from those of the first embodiment. The other structural features are the same as those of the first embodiment so that corresponding parts are given the same reference numerals, and are not described below. 
     In the second embodiment, the terminal portions  6   b  and  7   b  protrude from the bottom side of the insulating base  1 , and have their ends bent into an L shape. 
     As shown in detail in FIGS. 18-21, a first embodiment of a rotary member  8 , molded out of an insulating material, comprises a shaft  8   a  formed at one end thereof, a holding portion  8   b  formed so as to be connected to the shaft  8   a  and having a larger diameter than the shaft  8   a.  A clicking uneven portion  8   d  is provided at an end surface  8   c  extending perpendicular to the rotational axis of the rotary member  8  at one side of the holding portion  8   b.  An end surface  8   e  is disposed between the shaft  8   a  and the holding portion  8   b  and extends perpendicular to the rotational axis. At the other side of the holding portion  8   b,  a noncircular, hexagonal hole  8   f  is formed in the center of the rotary member  8 , and a stopper  8   g  is formed at an outer peripheral end of the shaft  8   a.    
     As shown particularly in FIG. 26, a first embodiment of a code member  9  comprises an annular, plate-shaped portion  9   a  which forms a common pattern, and a plurality of tongues  9   b  which form a code pattern. andCode member  9  is formed of a metallic plate. The plurality of tongues  9   bh  are formed by bending portions of the metallic plate from the inner periphery of the plate-shaped portion  9   a.    
     The code member  9  is embedded into and mounted on the rotary member  8 . The annular, plate-shaped portion  9   a  which forms a common pattern is positioned at the end surface  8   e.  The tongues  9   b  which form a code pattern are exposed at the outer circumferential surface of the holding portion  8   b.    
     A method of producing the rotary member  8  and the code member  9  will be described with reference to FIGS. 22 to  26 . As shown in FIG. 22, a comb-like hole  26  is formed in the center of a hoop-shaped metallic plate  25  in order to form the tongues  9   b.  The ends of the tongues  9   b  have shapes formed by chamfering so that they can be made longer. As shown in FIG. 23, holes  27  are then formed at locations bordering the plate-shaped portion  9   a  to form a frame  25   a  connected to the plate-shaped portion  9   a  by a connecting portion  25   b.  As shown in FIG. 24, the tongues  9   b  are bent upwardly from the plate-shaped portion  9   a.    
     Next, as shown in FIG. 25, the plate-shaped portion  9   a  is clamped between two dies  28  and  29 . While the tongues  9   b  are held in grooves  29   a  in the die  29 , resin is poured into hollows  30  formed in the two dies  28  and  29  in order to form the rotary member  8 . The code member  9  is consequently embedded in the rotary member  8  as shown in FIG.  21 . After the formation of the rotary member  8 , as shown in FIG. 23, cuts are formed along lines  31  to remove the assembly from the frame  25   a,  whereby the production of the assembled rotary member  8  and code member  9  is complete. 
     In the step shown in FIG. 25, the grooves  29   a  in the die  29  are slightly smaller in dimension than the tongues  9   b.  The entrance-side openings of the grooves  29   a  are formed so that they are wider in order to accommodate the tongues  9   b  in the grooves  29   a  so that no gaps are formed therebetween. Since resin is poured into the grooves  29   a  while the tongues  9   b  are accommodated in the groove  29   a  with no gaps therebetween, no resin film is formed on the outer surfaces of the tongues  9   b.  It should be noted that some of the recesses of the clicking uneven portion  8   d  are formed where the die  29  holds the tongues  9   b.    
     FIGS. 27-33 illustrate a second embodiment of a rotary member  8  and a second embodiment of a code member  9 . In the second embodiments, the code member  9  is fitted and mounted to the rotary member  8 . 
     In addition to the structural features of the first embodiment, the rotary member  8  of the second embodiment comprises a plurality of grooves  8   h  in the rotational axis direction in the outer circumferential surface of the holding portion  8   b.  The other structural features are the same, so that corresponding parts are given the same reference numerals, and are not described below. 
     As shown in FIG. 31, the code member  9  comprises an annular, plate-shaped portion  9   a,  which forms a common pattern, and tongues  9   b,  which form a code pattern. 
     As shown in FIG. 31, while the code member  9  is disposed at an end surface  8   e  side of the rotary member  8 , chamfered portions of ends of the tongues  9   b  are used as guides to forcibly insert and fit the tongues  9   b  into the grooves  8   h.  When this is done, as shown in FIGS. 32 and 33, the plate-shaped portion  9   a  is disposed at the end surface  8   e,  and, with the tongues  9   b  being exposed at the outer circumferential surface of the holding portion  8   b,  the code member  9  is mounted to the rotary member  8 . 
     In both of the above-described embodiments of rotary members  8  and the code members  9 , the shafts  8   a  of the rotary members  8  are inserted into the corresponding holes  3   b  of the side walls  3  so as to be rotatably held thereby. 
     When the rotary member  8  is mounted to its corresponding insulating base  1 , the stopper portions  8   g  protrude from holes  3   b  so as to prevent the rotary member  8  from getting dislodged. In addition, the pairs of contact portions  7   a  of the common contactor  7  is placed so as to oppose the corresponding end surface  8   e  so as to be in contact with the corresponding plate-shaped portion  9   a  used to form common patterns of code member  9 . 
     When the rotary member  8  is mounted to its corresponding insulating base  1 , the plurality of contactors  6  are disposed at opposite sides with respect to each other, with the circumferential surface of the rotary member  8  being disposed therebetween. In addition, they are disposed so as to come into intermittent contact with the tongues  9   b  (which forms the code pattern of the code member  9 ). Further, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 17, the contact portion  6   a,  which extends from the insulating base  1 , resiliently contacts the rotary member  8  at locations beyond the rotational center of the rotary member  8 . 
     In both of the above-described embodiments, the pairs of contact portions  6   a  contact the corresponding code patterns with corresponding phase differences. 
     Although the example rotary members  8  are described as being cylindrical in shape, they may have columnar or truncated conical shapes. 
     Since the code member  9  has its tongues  9   b  formed by bending from the inner peripheral portions of the plate-shaped portion  9   a,  the connecting portions  25   b  can be disposed at any outer peripheral location thereof, so that a continuous series of processing operations using hoop materials can be carried out even if the gaps between the tongues  9   b  are made narrow. Alternatively, the tongues  9   b  may be formed by bending from the outer peripheral portions of the corresponding plate-shaped portion  9   a.    
     Although the tongues  9   b  of the example code members  9  are formed at the outer circumferential surfaces of their corresponding cylindrical rotary members  8 , the tongues  9   b  may be formed at the inner circumferential surfaces of the corresponding cylindrical rotary members  8  so that they contact the contact portions  6   a  of the corresponding contactors  6 . 
     Although metallic plates are used to form the example code members  9 , the code patterns and the common patterns may be formed by plating or using electrically conductive powder of turned metallic materials. 
     As shown with particularly in FIGS. 34-37, an engaging member  10 , formed of a metallic plate, comprises a rectangular plate-shaped base portion  10   a,  an engaging portion  10   b  which is bent into a C shape at the center portion of the base portion  10   a  and which has a protruding end, a circular hole  10   c  formed in the bottom portion of the base portion  10   a,  a pair of side plates  10   d  which are formed by bending from both sides of the base portion  10   a,  cut-and-raised portions  10   e  formed at both side plates  10   d,  a T-shaped top side plate  10   g  which is formed by bending from the top side of the base portion  10   a  and which has a stopper portion  10   f  at an end thereof, and a C-shaped bottom side plate  10   j  which is formed by bending from the bottom side of the base portion  10   a  and which has a rectangular hole  10   h  formed in the center thereof. 
     The engaging portion  10   b  of the engaging member  10  is aligned with the insulating base  1  so as to oppose the end surface  8   c  of the rotary member  8  having the uneven portion  8   d  formed thereat. Then, the protrusion  2   b  is inserted into the hole  10   c.  Thereafter, the top side plate  10   g  is positioned on and pushed into the top wall  3   d.  After pushing the top side plate  10   g  into the top wall  3   d,  the engaging portion  10   f  is caught by the catching portion  3   f,  and the top plate  10   g  is positioned in the groove  3   e  so as to mount the top side plate  10   g  to the side wall  3 . 
     At the same time that the top side plate  10   g  is mounted, the bottom side plate  10   j  is positioned at and pushed onto the bottom surface of the main base portion  2 . After pushing the bottom side plate  10   j  into the main base portion  2 , the catching portion  2   c  is positioned at the hole  10   h  in order to catch the bottom side plate  10   j  by the catching portion  2   c,  whereby the bottom side plate  10   j  is mounted to the main base portion  2 . 
     In this way, the engaging member  10  is mounted at the top and bottom portions of the rotary member  8 , and the side plates  10   d  are disposed at the left and right portions of the rotary member  8 . 
     When the engaging member  10  is mounted, the protruding portion of the engaging portion  10   b  is engageably and disengageably mounted to the uneven portion  8   d  at the end surface  8   c  of the rotary member  8  in order to form a clicking mechanism. 
     The engaging member  10 , the contactors  6 , and the common contactor  7  extend in the direction of the rotary member  8 , with the insulating base  1  as a reference surface. Such a structure is used to form a body E 1  of the encoder. 
     As shown in FIGS. 38-44, a first embodiment of a mounting plate  11  is formed of a solderable metallic plate and comprises a flat portion  11   c  having a large circular hole  11   a  formed in the center thereof and a small hole  11   b  formed in the lower portion thereof, a pair of arms  11   d  formed by bending from both sides of the flat portion  11   c  so as to oppose each other, rectangular holes  11   e  formed in the centers of the arms  11   d,  and mounting portions  11   f  formed by bending from ends of the corresponding arms  11   d.    
     As shown in FIGS. 42 to  44 , the mounting plate  11  is positioned at the engaging member  10  side of the body E 1  of the encoder in order to insert the protrusion  2   b  of the first embodiment of the insulating base  1  into the small hole  11   b.    
     Then, the arms  11   d  are pushed onto the side plates  10   d  of the engaging member  10 . The cut-and-raised portions  10   e  are positioned at the corresponding holes  11   e  in order to catch the arms  11   d  by the cut-and-raised portions  10   e.  This causes the mounting plate  11  to be snappingly stopped by the engaging member  10 , whereby the mounting plate  11  is mounted to the engaging member  10 . 
     As shown in FIG. 43, when the mounting plate  11  is mounted, the flat portion  11   c  is placed upon an outer side of the plate-shaped base portion  10   a  of the engaging member  10 . In addition, the arms  11   d  are mounted to the side plates  10   d  of the engaging member  10 , at the left and right horizontal portions of the rotary member  8 . Further, the bottom surfaces of the mounting portions  11   f,  which are formed by bending the ends of the arms  11   d  extending in the rotational axis of the rotary member  8 , are positioned at one end of the insulating base  1 , that is, at a location near to and parallel with the side wall  3 . 
     As shown in FIG. 43, side wall  3  side of the body E 1  of the encoder, in which the mounting plate  11  is mounted, is placed on a printed board P 1 . At this time, the protrusions  3   g  are inserted into holes  13  in the printed board P 1  in order to position the body E 1  of the encoder. The terminals  6   b  of the contactors  6 , the terminal  7   b  of the common contactor  7 , and the mounting portion  11   f  of the mounting plate  11  are disposed on a wiring pattern (not shown) formed on the top surface of the printed board P 1 . 
     The contactors  6 , the common contactor  7 , and the mounting plate  11  having the above-described structures are mounted to the surface of the wiring pattern on the printed board P 1  by cream soldering. This causes the body E 1  of the encoder to be mounted to the printed board P 1  in a direction perpendicular to the rotational axis of the rotary member  8 . The body E 1  of the encoder is therefore mounted to the printed board P 1  in a laid down state. 
     The operation of the rotary encoder having the above-described structure will now be described. An operating member (not shown) engages the hole  8   f  in the rotary member  8  as a result of passing it through the engaging member  10  and the hole  11   a  in the mounting plate  11 . Alternatively, the operating member engages the hole  8   f  in the rotary member  8  as a result of passing it through a hole (not shown) in the printed board P 1 . When the operating member is rotated, the rotary member  8  and the code member  9  rotate with the shaft  8   a  as a support. 
     The uneven portion  8   d  of the rotary member  8  is made to intermittently engage the engaging portion  10   b  to perform a clicking operation. In addition, the tongues  9   b  are configured to intermittently contact with (and separate from) the contactors  6 , and the common contactor  7  is configure to continuously contact the plate-shaped portion  9   a,  so that a two-phase pulse signal is generated between the contactors  6  and the common contactor  7  as the rotary member  8  is rotated. 
     FIGS. 45-50 illustrate a second embodiment of a mounting plate  12 . The second embodiment of the mounting plate  12  is formed of a solderable metallic plate, and comprises a flat portion  12   c  having a large circular hole  12   a  formed in the center portion thereof and a small hole  12   b  formed in the lower portion thereof, a pair of arms  12   d  formed by bending from both sides of the flat portion  12   c  so as to oppose each other, rectangular holes  12   e  formed in the center portions of the arms  12   d,  mounting portions  12   f  bent from the side end portions of the arms  12   d,  and protrusions  12   g  formed adjacent to the mounting portions  12   f  at the flat portion  12   c.    
     As shown in FIGS. 48-50, the mounting plate  12  is positioned at the engaging portion  10  side of a body E 1  of the encoder (as in the first embodiment) in order to insert the protrusion  2   b  of the second embodiment of the insulating base  1  into the small hole  12   b.    
     Thereafter, the arms  12   d  are placed on and pushed onto the side plates  10   d  of the engaging member  10 . The cut-and-raised portions  10   e  are positioned at the holes  12   e  in order to catch the arms  12   d  by the cut-and-raised portions  10   e.  This causes the mounting plate  12  to be snappingly stopped by the engaging member  10 , whereby the mounting plate  12  is mounted to the engaging member  10 . 
     As shown in FIGS. 48-50, when the mounting plate  12  is mounted, the flat portion  12   c  is placed upon an outer side of the plate-shaped base portion  10   a  of the engaging member  10 . In addition, the arms  12   d  are mounted to the side plates  10   d  of the engaging member  10 , at the left and right horizontal portions of the rotary member  8 . Further, the bottom surfaces of the mounting portions  12   f  (formed by bending from the side end portions of the arms  12   d ) extending in the rotational axis of the rotary member  8  are disposed at almost the same locations as the L-shaped terminal  7   b  of the common contactor  7  and the L-shaped terminal portions  6   b  of the contactors  6 , which extend from the bottom surface of the insulating base  1 . 
     As shown in FIGS. 49 and 50, regarding the body E 1  of the encoder in which the mounting plate  12  is mounted, the bottom side of the main base portion  2  and the bottom sides of the auxiliary base portions  5  are made to oppose a printed board P 1  in order to insert the protrusions  12   g  into the holes of printed board P 1 . This causes the body E 1  of the encoder to be positioned at the printed board P 1 , and the terminals  6   b  of the contactors  6 , the terminal portion  7   b  of the common contactor  7 , and the mounting portions  12   f  of the mounting plate  12  to be disposed on a wiring pattern (not shown) formed on the top surface of the printed board P 1 . 
     The contactors  6 , the common contactor  7 , and the mounting plate  12  having the above-described structures are mounted to the surface of the wiring pattern of the printed board P 1  by cream soldering. This causes the body E 1  of the encoder, which extends in a direction parallel to the rotational axis of the rotary member  8 , to be mounted to the printed board P 1 . The body E 1  of the encoder is therefore mounted in a standing manner. 
     The operation of the rotary encoder having the above-described structures will be described. An operating member (not shown) engages the hole  8   f  of the rotary member  8  by passing it through the hole  12   a  of the mounting plate  12 . Alternatively, the engaging member  10  (or the operating member) engages the hole  8   f  of the rotary member  8  from the opposite side. When the operating member is rotated, the rotary member  8  and the code member  9  are rotated with the shaft  8   a  as a support. 
     The uneven portion  8   d  of the rotary member  8  is made to intermittently engage the engaging portion  10   b  to perform a clicking operation. In addition, the tongues  9   b  are configured to intermittently contact with (and separate from) the contactors  6 , and the common contactor  7  is configured to continuously contact the plate-shaped portion  9   a,  so that a two-phase pulse signal is generated between the contactors  6  and the common contactor  7  as the rotary member is rotated. 
     Although in the above-described examples, a common pattern is used, the common contactor is not needed if one contactor has a plurality of contact portions, and at least one of the contact portions is made to contact the code pattern at all times.