Abstract:
A melt processable pseudointerpenetrating network of silicones in thermoplastic matrices and a method of producing same is provided by vulcanizing the silicones within the matrices. In a preferred embodiment a two part silicone comprising silicon hydride groups and silicon vinyl-containing groups are reacted in the presence of a platinum complex. Depending on certain parameters chain-extended (thermoplastic) or cross-linked (thermosetting) compositions are produced.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention concerns compositions which can be described as melt processable pseudointerpenetrating networks of silicones in thermoplastic matrices. This invention also relates to methods for the formation of these compositions. 
     Previous investigations have demonstrated that silicones may be incorporated into thermoplastic resins at low levels in order to enhance wear friction and release properties. These silicones, however, are low molecular weight resins which are readily extractable from the matrix resins. Incorporation of silicone at levels above 2% and in some cases even between about 0.1% and 2% can cause catastrophic reductions in mechanical properties and melt rheology. The present invention reveals that judiciously selected silicone systems which are vulcanized within a thermoplastic matrix to form pseudointerpenetrating polymer networks will not adversely affect polymer properties. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     There have now been discovered new compositions comprising a silicone component vulcanized within a polymeric thermoplastic matrix to form a pseudointerpenetrating polymer. 
     This invention is also directed to methods of producing pseudointerpenetrating silicone polymers by curing or vulcanizing a silicone within a polymeric thermoplastic matrix at elevated temperatures. 
     Advantageous characteristics of the compositions of this invention are surface and dielectric properties which approach those of silicones and mechanical properties which approach those of the thermoplastic matrices. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The compositions of this invention are formed by the catalyzed curing or vulcanization of a silicone in a compatible polymeric thermoplastic matrix at elevated temperature. A silicone is any of a large group of siloxane polymers based on a structure comprising alternate silicon and oxygen atoms with various organic radicals attached to the silicon. 
     The amount of silicone in the resultant compositions of the present invention can range from between about 1 weight percent and about 40 weight percent. 
     Vulcanization (curing) can be defined as any treatment that decreases the flow of an elastomer, increases its tensile strength and modulus, but preserves its extensibility. These changes are generally brought about by the cross-linking reactions between polymer molecules, but for purposes of this invention vulcanization is used in a broader sense to include chain extension as well as cross-linking reactions. 
     The polymeric thermoplastic matrices of this invention are conventional thermoplastic resins including, but not limited to polyamides, thermoplastic polyurethanes, bisphenol A polycarbonates, styrenics, polyacetals, etc. 
     In a particular embodiment of this invention a two part vulcanizing silicone which, depending on molecular structure will undergo predominantly chain extending or cross-linking reactions, is vulcanized in a suitable thermoplastic matrix. One polymeric silicone component of the two part silicone contains silicone hydride (Si--H) groups. The other polymeric component contains unsaturated groups, preferably vinyl. Non-limiting examples of other unsaturated groups that can be employed include allyl--CH 2  CH═CH 2  and hexenyl--(CH 2 ) 4  CH═CH 2 . Alternatively, both the hydride and unsaturated group can be part of one polymeric silicone. In the presence of a catalyst, generally a platinum complex, silicon hydride adds to the unsaturated group, e.g., a vinyl group, to create an ethylene linkage as follows: ##STR1## The principles of this chemistry are well-known to those skilled in the art. 
     Vinyl containing polymers that can be employed in the present invention have viscosity ranges of betwen about 500 and about 100,000 ctsk, with polymers having viscosities of between about 1000 and about 65,000 ctsk preferred. Hydride containing polymers that can be utilized in the present invention have viscosities of between about 35 and about 10,000 ctsk, with a preferred viscosity range of between about 500 ctsk and about 1,000 ctsk. Molecular weights are correlated to viscosity. Thus a vinyl terminated polymer having a viscosity of 1,000 ctsk has a molecular weight of 28,000. 
     In a preferred embodiment of this invention pellets are formed of the compositions of this invention. These pellets can be readily utilized for injection molding or extrusion. The pellets may either contain silicones which have been vulcanized or contain all the materials necessary to form the vulcanizate during injection molding or extrusion. 
     The silicones of this invention will generally undergo one of two types of mechanisms, namely, chain-extension or cross-linking. The silicones which during vulcanization undergo primarily chain-extension yield thermoplastic components (plastics capable of being repeatedly softened by increases in temperature and hardened by decreases in temperature). Silicones which undergo primarily cross-linking during vulcanization yield compositions that have thermosetting properties (resins which cure by chemical reaction when heated and, when cured, cannot be resoftened by heating). 
     In the case of the predominantly chain-extended or thermoplastic compositions of this invention, a thermoplastic resin is combined with silicone components including a hydride-containing silicone and a vinyl silicone. The vinyl silicone generally contains from about two to about four vinyl groups, preferably with two such groups in terminal postions. The hydride-containing silicone contains 1 to 2 times the equivalent of the vinyl functionality. The two silicones are mixed in a ratio so that the hydride groups to vinyl groups is between about 1.2:1 and about 6:1. 
     Theoretically only a 1:1 ratio is necessary, but it has been found that a higher ratio as indicated above is required. The silicone hydride polymers are not as stable as the silicone vinyl polymers. In the presence of amines or hydroxyls, the silicone hydrides can react and liberate hydrogen thus yielding SiN.tbd. or Si--OR. Thus the simplest practical solution to this problem is to maintain hydride levels higher than stoichiometric requirements. 
     The typical remaining substituents on the silicones are methyl groups. However, in order to insure compatatility with the thermoplastic matrix resin other groups such as phenyl, longer chain alkyl or cyanopropyl groups may replace some of the methyl groups. 
     A platinum complex preferably derived from chloroplatinic acid and a vinyl siloxane is added to the mixture just prior to meltmixing so that the amount of platinum is equal to 1-15 ppm. The vinyl siloxane forms an active complex with the platinum which is soluble in the silicones to be cross-linked. The mixture is meltmixed by a process such as extrusion and is then pelletized. 
     A predominantly cross-linked structure in which the resulting composition has thermosetting properties is achieved by extruding the vinyl and hydride containing silicones separately into two portions of the base polymer. The vinyl-containing silicone contains from about two to about thirty vinyl groups and the hydride-containing silicone contains from two to ten times the equivalent of the vinyl functionality. In this case the hydride functional silicone is the cross-linker since it contains a relatively higher number of sites per chain for cross-linking. The relationship of these two materials can, however, be reversed. The ultimate ratio of the silicones is adjusted in either case so that the ratio of the hydride groups to the vinyl groups in the composition is between about 1.2:1 and about 6:1. 
     Once the separate extrusions are prepared, a physical blend of the pellets is made. A platinum complex is then tumbled into the mixture. When the pellets are melted together the silicones react. Most of the thermosetting reaction takes place during injection molding or extrusion of the mixture and may be completed during a post-cure. A number of permutations of the above are evident to those skilled in the art. One component pellet could contain for example predominantly vinyl silicone with some of the hydride silicone. In some instances the two polymers do not have to be isolated prior to melt mixing. In fact, vinyl groups and hydride groups can be on the same chain. Having the materials on separate pellets reduces (or eliminates) surface cure of the pellets. Another solution to this problem would be to use a fugitive inhibitor of the platinum catalyst. 
     The invention is further described by reference to the following specific, non-limiting examples. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     A homogeneous physical blend of the following materials was prepared: 
     
         ______________________________________nylon 6/6, Monsanto molding grade pellets                      9000 gpolydimethylsiloxane, vinyldimethylsiloxy                      400 gterminated, 10,000 ctsk.polydimethylsiloxane, hydrodimethylsiloxy                      600 gterminated, average of 1 hydromethylsiloxygroup per chain, 10,000 centistokes (ctsk)______________________________________ 
    
     Within one hour of extrusion, 1 g of a platinum complex in methylvinylcyclosiloxane containing 3.5% Pt was added to the mixture. The platinum complex utilized throughout the examples were the methylvinyl cyclic siloxane analogs of the Karstedt U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,715,334 and 3,775,452. The mixture was extruded at 340°-355° C. and chopped into pellet form. The pelletized composition was molded into standard ASTM specimens. The ASTM testing protocol was used for flexural strength, tensile strength and water absorption. Properties of the resultant composition are tabulated in the Table hereinbelow. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Utilizing the same silicones as described in Example 1 a moldable thermoplastic urethane/silicone composition was prepared. 
     
         ______________________________________polyester urethane, Mobay Texin 55D                      9250 gpolydimethylsiloxane, vinyl terminated                      300 gpolydimethylsiloxane, hydride containing                      450 gfumed silica, Cabot MS-7   5 gplatinum complex (added after extrusion)                      1 g______________________________________ 
    
     Fumed silica served both as a reinforcing agent and a process aid. In this example, feed problems were observed and the fumed silica absorbed the silicone making it easier to process. The properties of specimens prepared from the above described pelletized extruded material are tabulated in the Table hereinbelow. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     The following composition was extruded and molded: 
     
         ______________________________________polyester urethane Mobay Texin 480A                      9000 gpolydimethylsiloxane- 3% diphenylsiloxane                      400 gcopolymer, vinyldimethylsiloxy terminatedpolydimethylsiloxane, hydride containing                      600 gplatinum complex (added after extrusion)                      1 g______________________________________ 
    
     Properties of the composition formed according to Example 3 are given in the Table hereinbelow. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     The following composition was extruded and molded: 
     
         ______________________________________bisphenol A polycarbonate, Mobay M-50                      9500 gpolydimethylsiloxane- 10% phenylmethylsiloxane copolymer, vinyldimethylsiloxy                      200 gterminatedpolydimethylsiloxane, hydride containing                      300 gplatinum complex (added after extrusion)                      1 g______________________________________ 
    
     Properties of the composition formed according to Example 4 are given in the Table hereinbelow. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     The following mixtures were extruded then pelletized: 
     
         ______________________________________Part Apolyester urethane, Mobay Texin 480A                       9000 gpolydimethylsiloxane- 15% methylhydrosiloxane                       500 gcopolymer, trimethylsiloxy terminated10,000 ctskpolydimethylsiloxane, vinyldimethylsiloxy                       500 gterminated 65,000 ctskamorphous silica, Minusil   50 gPart Bpolyester urethane, Mobay Texin 480A                       8800 gpolydimethylsiloxane, vinyl terminated                       1200 g65000 ctskamorphous silica            25 g______________________________________ 
    
     Part A and Part B were extruded separately. A 1:1 (weight ratio) physical blend of two different extrusions was made. 2.5 g of platinum complex and 5 g of 3-methylbutynol, a fugitive inhibitor of hydrosilylation (hydrosilylation is the process of adding Si-H across a double bond) were tumbled into the mixture and prior to hermetically sealing it in a can. 
     The mixture was molded under normal conditions and post-cured an additional 1 hour at 80° C. 
     The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims, rather than to the foregoing specification, as indicating the scope of the invention. 
     
                                           TABLE__________________________________________________________________________      ExamplesProperties 1       2       3       4       5__________________________________________________________________________Thermoplastic base      Nylon 6/6              Urethane 55D                      Urethane 80A                              Polycarbonate                                      Urethane 80APredominant Melt      Thermoplastic              Thermoplastic                      Thermoplastic                              Thermoplastic                                      ThermosetCharacteristics% Silicone 10      7.5      10     10       11Flexural Strength,      15,900  730              11,000psiFlexural modulus,      390,000 --              325,000psiIzod impact strength,ft-lb/innotched    0.8     &gt;40             &gt;40unnothched 21.3    &gt;40             16Water absorption %      1.2     .03     .04     .15     .04(24 hours)Tear Strength (&#34;C&#34;),              750      450             500pliTensile Strength,       9,600          6200            6,000psi__________________________________________________________________________