Abstract:
A method of utilizing color photoresist to form black matrix and spacers on a control circuit substrate is described. Utilizing the character of the red and the blue photoresist having a non-overlapping transmittance region in the visible light region, a black matrixes consisting of overlapping red and blue photoresist on control devices are used to prevent the photo current occurring in the off state of the control devices. In addition, three different color photoresist plus another-color photoresist are overlapped to form spacers on metal lines.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of Invention 
     The present invention relates to a structure of a color liquid crystal display (LCD) and a method of producing the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of utilizing color photoresist to form black matrix and spacers on a control circuit substrate and the LCD structure fabricated by the same method. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Liquid crystal is a material having properties between those of crystal and liquid. The alignment of the liquid crystal molecules varies with external stimulation such as an electrical field generated by an applied voltage. Hence, this feature of the liquid crystal molecules can be utilized to create a display unit. 
     Liquid crystal material was discovered in 1888, and applications thereof first appeared in 1963. However, the value of the commercial application was not proved until Sharp in Japan developed a liquid crystal display applied in a calculator. Japanese companies have continued to develop the technology and improve the product&#39;s function. Development and improvement have made the liquid crystal display widely applicable. 
     Liquid crystal display (LCD) has many advantages over other conventional types of displays including high display quality, small volume occupation, light weight, low voltage drive and low power consumption. Hence, LCDs are widely used in small portable televisions, mobile telephones, video recording units, notebook computers, desktop monitors, projector televisions and so on. Therefore, the LCD has gradually replaced the conventional cathode ray tube (CRT) as a mainstream display unit. In particular, the thin film transistor (TFT) LCD has the lion&#39;s share of the market for its high display quality. 
     The color filter on array (COA) technique is the most common in color TFT LCD production. Black matrix, which separates pixels, is located on the color filter and which prevents photo current, is located on the TFTs, and spacers on the metal lines are usually made of black resin. The black matrix and the spacers are usually formed after the color photoresist and the pixel electrodes are formed. The black resin of the photoresist type is patterned by photolithography. However, the light transmittance and sensitivity of the photoresist-type black resin is very poor. Therefore, the exposure time has to be increased to obtain ideal patterns, and the throughput of the stepper is seriously affected. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is therefore an objective of the present invention to provide a method of utilizing color photoresist to form black matrix and spacers on a control circuit substrate. 
     It is another objective of the present invention to provide a LCD structure fabricated by the same method of utilizing color photoresist to form black matrix and spacers on a control circuit substrate. 
     In accordance with the foregoing and other objectives of the present invention, a method of utilizing color photoresist to form black matrix and spacers on a control circuit substrate Is provided. A control circuit, made of control devices and a chessboard-like circuit, is formed on the control circuit substrate. The chessboard-like circuit has first openings, second openings, third openings and supporting areas, and the control devices are formed on corners of the first, the second and the third openings, respectively. The method comprises the following steps. A first-color photoresist is formed on the control circuit substrate, and then the first-color photoresist is patterned to form first-color filters on the first openings, the control devices and the supporting areas, respectively, and form contact windows in the first-color filters is to expose electrodes of the control devices, respectively. A second-color photoresist is formed on the control circuit substrate, and then the second-color photoresist is patterned to form second-color filters on the second openings and the supporting areas, respectively. A third-color photoresist is formed on the control circuit substrate, and then the third-color photoresist is patterned to form third-color filters on the third openings and the supporting areas, respectively. A first transparent conductive layer is formed on the control circuit substrate. Next, the first transparent conductive layer is patterned to form pixel electrodes on the first openings, the second openings, the third openings and partial areas of the control devices, and the pixel electrodes electrically connect to the electrodes of the control devices through the contact windows, respectively. A fourth-color photoresist is formed on the control circuit substrate, and then the fourth-color photoresist is patterned to form fourth-color filters on the supporting areas and the control devices, respectively. 
     According to a preferred embodiment, the first-color photoresist, the second-color photoresist, the third-color photoresist and the fourth-color photoresist are red-color photoresist, green-color photoresist, blue-color photoresist and blue-color photoresist, respectively, or blue-color photoresist, green-color photoresist, red-color photoresist and red-color photoresist, respectively. The method of patterning the first-color photoresist, the second-color photoresist, the third-color photoresist and the fourth-color photoresist comprises photolithography. 
     In accordance with the foregoing and other objectives of the present invention, a color liquid crystal display is provided. The color liquid crystal display comprises a first transparent substrate, a control circuit on the first transparent substrate, first-color filters, second-color filters, third-color filters, pixel electrodes, fourth-color filters, a second transparent substrate, a common electrode, and a liquid crystal layer. The control circuit, comprises of control devices and a chessboard-like circuit, is on the first transparent substrate. The chessboard-like circuit has first openings, second openings, third openings and supporting areas, and the control devices are located on corners of the first, the second and the third openings, respectively. The first-color filters are located on the first openings, the control devices and the supporting areas, respectively, and each of the first-color filters located on the control devices has a contact window to expose electrodes of the control devices, respectively. The second-color filters are located on the second openings and the supporting areas, respectively. The third-color filters are located on the third openings and the supporting areas, respectively. The pixel electrodes are located on the first openings, the second openings, the third openings and partial areas of the control devices, and the pixel electrodes electrically connect to the electrodes of the control devices through the contact windows, respectively. The fourth-color filters are located on the supporting areas and the control devices, respectively, whereby the first-color filters, the second-color filters, the third-color filters and the fourth-color filters on the supporting areas are stacked to form spacers. The common electrode is on a surface, which faces the first transparent substrate, of the second transparent substrate. The liquid crystal layer is located between the first and the second transparent substrates. 
     According to a preferred embodiment, the first-color photoresist, the second-color photoresist, the third-color photoresist and the fourth-color photoresist are red-color photoresist, green-color photoresist, blue-color photoresist and blue-color photoresist, respectively, or blue-color photoresist, green-color photoresist, red-color photoresist and red-color photoresist, respectively. 
     In conclusion, the invention utilizes the lack of overlap between the light transmittance wave bands of the red-photoresist and the blue-photoresist. Hence, the black matrix is formed on the control devices only by the red-photoresist and the blue-photoresist to avoid photocurrent occurring during the “off” state of the control devices. Moreover, the invention allows the spacers to be formed by stacking four layers of color filters of the color of the red, green, blue, and blue or the blue, green, red, and red on the supporting areas on the metal lines. Since the light transmittance and sensitivity of the color photoresists are much better than those of the black resin, the exposure time can be greatly reduced to increase the throughput of the stepper. 
     It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are by examples, and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings, 
     FIG. 1 is a plane view of a control circuit substrate according to one preferred embodiment; and 
     FIGS. 2-6 are cross-sectional diagrams of forming black matrix and spacers by color photoresists on the control circuit substrate in FIG. 1 according to the preferred embodiment of this invention. The labels A, B, and C in FIGS. 2-6 indicated the cross-sectional views of the cross-sectional lines AA′, BB′ and CC′, respectively. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts. 
     As stated above, this invention provides a method of utilizing color photoresist to form black matrix and spacers on a control circuit substrate and a LCD structure fabricated by the same method to increase the product throughput. 
     FIG. 1 is a plane view of a control circuit substrate according to one preferred embodiment. In FIG. 1, a control circuit , such as a thin film transistor (TFT) array, is formed on a transparent substrate  100 . Each TFT in the TFT array comprises gate  110 , source  120  and drain  130 . Each gate  110  electrically connects a gate line  115  made by a first metal layer. Each source  120  electrically connects a data line  125  made by a second metal layer. The data lines  125  cross over the gate lines  115  to define pixels  135 . Red (R), green (G) and blue (B) color filters are respectively formed on each pixel  135  later, and each TFT is respectively located in a corner of each pixel  135 . 
     The black matrixes are formed on the areas  150  above the TFTs to prevent photocurrent occurring during the “off” state of the TFTs. The spacers are formed on areas that are not penetrable by light such as supporting areas  140  on the gate lines  115 . The material of the gate lines  115  and the data lines  125  is metal, which is an opaque material. Therefore, black matrixes do not need to be formed on the gate lines  115  and the data lines  125  to compartment adjacent pixels  135 . In FIG. 1, the relative positions of the pixel electrodes  190  formed later and the TFT are also displayed. 
     FIGS. 2-6 are cross-sectional diagrams of forming black matrix and spacers by color photoresists on the control circuit substrate in FIG. 1 according to the preferred embodiment of this invention. The labels A, B, and C in FIGS. 2-6 indicate the cross-sectional views of the cross-sectional lines AA′, BB′ and CC′, respectively. The TFT structures are not drawn on the A parts in FIGS. 2-6 to simplify the pictures. 
     In FIG. 2, a red-color photoresist (not shown in FIG. 2) is formed on the TFT substrate  105  (i.e. the transparent substrate  100  having the TFT array). The red-color photoresist is pattered to form red-color filters  160  on areas  150  (Part A), the supporting areas  140  (Part B), and the pixel  135  (Part C), respectively. The patterning method is, for example, photolithography. A contact window  165  is also formed in the red-color filter  160  on areas  150  (Part A) to expose the drain  130  of the TFT. 
     In FIG. 3, a green-color photoresist (not shown in FIG. 3) is formed on the TFT substrate  105  and then is patterned to form green-color filters  170  on the supporting areas  140  (Part B) and pixel  135  (Part C), respectively. The patterning method is, for example, photolithography. 
     In FIG. 4, a blue-color photoresist (not shown in FIG. 3) is formed on the TFT substrate  105  and then is patterned to form blue-color filters  180   a  on the supporting areas  140  (Part B) and pixel  135  (Part C), respectively. The patterning method is, for example, photolithography. 
     In FIG. 5, a transparent conductive layer (not shown in FIG. 5) is formed on the TFT substrate  105 . Next, the transparent conductive layer is patterned to form pixel electrodes  190  respectively on the red-color filters  160 , green-color filters  170 , and blue-color filters  180   a  on pixels  135  (Part C), in which a portion of the pixel electrodes  190  overlap with drain  130  (please refer to FIG.  1  and part A in FIG. 5) to electrically connect the drain  130  through the contact window  165 . The material of the transparent conductive layer is, for example, indium tin oxide or the like. 
     In FIG. 6, a blue-color photoresist (not shown in FIG. 6) is formed on the TFT substrate  105  and then is patterned to form blue-color filters  180   b  respectively on the supporting areas  140  (Part B) and the areas  150  (Part A). The patterning method is, for example, photolithography. Therefore, the red-color filters  160  and the blue-color filters  180   b  are stacked on the areas  150  (Part A), and the red-color filters  160 , green-color filters  170 , blue-color filters  180   a  and the blue-color filters  180   b  are stacked on the supporting areas  140  (Part B) to form stacked spacers. 
     According to another preferred embodiment, the colors of the red-color filters  160  and the blue-color filters  180   b  are exchanged, and the colors of the green-color filters  170  and the blue-color filters  180   a  are exchanged. According to yet another preferred embodiment, the color of the red-color filters  160  is changed to blue, and the blue-color filters  180   a  and  180   b  are changed to red. 
     The subsequent fabrication processes are well known by persons skilled in the art. Hence, the cross-sectional diagrams of the fabrication processes are omitted here, and subsequent fabrication processes are described verbally, only. 
     Next, another transparent conductive layer is formed on another transparent substrate to be a common electrode. These two transparent substrates are parallel assembled, and the pixel electrodes  180  and the common electrode face each other. The periphery of the two transparent substrates is sealed, and only one opening is left for pouring liquid crystal into the space between the two transparent substrates. After pouring in the liquid crystal to fill the space between the two transparent substrates, the opening is sealed to accomplish the fabrication process of a TFT LCD. 
     In conclusion, the invention utilizes a lack of overlap between the light transmittance wave bands of the red-photoresist and the blue-photoresist. Hence, the black matrix is formed on the control devices only by the red-photoresist and the blue-photoresist to avoid photocurrent occurring during the “off” state of the control devices. Moreover, the invention allows the spacers to be formed by stacking four layers of color filters of the color of red, green, blue, and blue or blue, green, red, and red on the supporting areas on the metal lines. Since the light transmittance and sensitivity of the color photoresists are much better than those of the black resin, the exposure time can be greatly reduced to increase the throughput of the stepper. 
     It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the structure of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the present invention cover modifications and variations of this invention provided they fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.