Abstract:
Subscriber authorization information from a wireless communication device is identified. The subscriber authorization information indicates that an identity of a subscriber associated with the wireless communication device is authorized to be shared without sharing information that identifies a location of the wireless communication device. Subsequent to the subscriber authorization information being identified, the identity of the subscriber associated with the wireless communication device is received or retrieved without information that identifies the location of the wireless communication device.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/461,942, filed May 2, 2012, entitled “Location Blocking Service from a Wireless Service Provider,” now U.S. Pat. No. 8,509,813, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety; and which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/164,307, filed Jun. 30, 2008, entitled “Location Blocking Service from a Wireless Service Provider,” now U.S. Pat. No. 8,185,130, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety; and which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/406,881, entitled “Location Blocking Service from a Wireless Service Provider,” filed Apr. 19, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,509,133, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety; and which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/740,414, entitled “Location Blocking Service from a Wireless Service Provider,” filed Dec. 19, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,224,978, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention broadly relates to communication services, and more particularly, to a telecommunication service that offers information about the identity of a mobile subscriber to a third party without disclosing the location of the subscriber to the third party. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Telephone communication has seen a phenomenal growth since its inception because of its extreme usefulness in today&#39;s world. It is hard, and almost impossible, to conceive of a world without telephones. Telephones have become an integral part of a civilized society. Modern telephones include generic desk-top telephone units, cordless telephones and more advanced cellular telephones (or “cell phones”). In contrast to a cordless telephone unit, a cellular telephone allows portability in that a cell phone operator can use the cell phone many miles away from home and the use is supported by a sophisticated telecommunications system. 
     Because a cell phone imparts mobility to the user while on the phone, quick detection of the location of the cell phone is important in the event of fraud or when there is a need to locate a cellular telephone (and, hence, its user) that placed a phone call for emergency assistance, e.g., a “911 call.” It is also desirable to locate the cell phone operator or mobile subscriber (MS) for marketing reasons, e.g., for targeting location-specific advertisements to the cell phone operator upon determining the location of the cell phone operator. For example, one or more stores in a shopping complex (e.g., a mall) may wish to inform the cell phone operator about any current promotions or offers when the cell phone operator is found to be in the vicinity of the shopping complex. 
     In a cellular telephone network operated by a wireless service provider (SP), a mobile switching center (MSC) may serve more than one cell-site. Therefore, to locate a cellular phone within the network, a switch engineer may need to manually visit the MSC location and identify the cell-site within which the cellular phone is operative. Such a process may not be efficient when there are a large number of cell phone operators and in the event of frequent fraudulent or “911” calls. Further, it is also possible that the cell phone operator may swiftly change cells if the detection of the cell phone location takes more than a few minutes and especially when the cell phone operator is located near a cell boundary. In such an event, the earlier cell identification may prove wrong and the whole process may be repeated to identify the new cell site to which the cell phone operator has moved. 
     It is known to locate a cellular telephone having a predetermined telephone number by using time difference of arrival measurements (on signals transmitted from the specific cell phone) at a multiplicity of cell-phone base-stations. However, a GPS (Global Positioning System) antenna and a corresponding GPS receiver need to be added to each base station for use in locating the cell phone in this manner. 
     It is also known to locate the source of radio transmissions (including cellular phone transmissions) within a multipath signal environment. A hand-held sensor unit with a built-in non-directional or omnidirectional antenna can be used to capture signal transmissions from the source of radio transmissions to be located. Phase change measurements and other calculations are performed during processing of the captured signals and the signal-emitting source (e.g., a cell phone) is then located based on the outcome of the processing. 
     Furthermore, the identity of the cell phone operator may already be known to the wireless service provider serving the cell phone. For example, the wireless service provider may request information about the identity of the mobile subscriber (e.g., name, gender, age, employment information, etc.) when the mobile subscriber signs up to operate the cell phone in the wireless service provider&#39;s network. In another configuration, the identity of the cell phone operator may be available to an Internet world wide web advertiser with the help of, for example, cookies. The web advertiser may employ cookies to store information about and preferences of individual mobile subscribers who access particular websites on the Internet using web browser-equipped cell phones. It is known that cookies are digital text files placed in the cell phone&#39;s memory by a web server when the cell phone operator visits a web site served by the web server. Cookies are commonly used to store registration data such as the user&#39;s (here, the mobile subscriber&#39;s) name and address, the user&#39;s preferences, and so on. Cookies make it possible for web servers to personalize information to fit the user&#39;s specific needs and preferences when the user is visiting a web site on the Internet. 
     A wireless service provider may wish to supply a mobile subscriber&#39;s location information to a third party (e.g., a web advertiser) as part of the service provider&#39;s marketing activity. Also, a web advertiser (or any other marketing entity) may send location-specific advertisements to a mobile subscriber upon being informed of the current location of the subscriber. Because of various reasons (e.g., privacy concerns), it may be desirable that the wireless service provider not disclose the mobile subscriber&#39;s identity to the third party when sending the subscriber&#39;s location information to the third party. It may also be desirable that the web advertiser not transmit the mobile subscriber&#39;s identity information when communicating with the mobile subscriber over the Internet. 
     Alternatively, it may be desirable that the wireless service provider block the mobile subscriber&#39;s location information while supplying the subscriber&#39;s identity information to a third party. For example, a cell phone operator may wish to receive operator-specific advertisements over the cell phone from the third party without having the third party know of the physical location of the operator. Similarly, it may further be desirable that the web advertiser block any reference to the mobile subscriber&#39;s current physical location when sending any subscribe-specific advertisements to the mobile subscriber over the Internet. It may also be desirable for any other (i.e., non-Internet) advertiser to not disclose the cell phone operator&#39;s current location in or through the messages communicated between the advertiser and the cell phone. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention contemplates a method of providing an identity-blocking service, wherein the method comprises obtaining an identity of a user operating a wireless communication device; obtaining information about a location of the user; and transferring the information about the location of the user to a third party without disclosing the identity of the user to the third party. A wireless service provider (e.g., a cellular telephone service provider) may commercially offer the identity-blocking service to the user for a fee. The third party may be an advertiser (e.g., a web advertiser) that is desirous of sending advertisements, messages or data to the wireless communication device (and, hence, to the user of the wireless device). The identity of the user may be obtained from the user when the user signs up for a communication service that allows the user to operate the wireless communication device in the wireless service provider&#39;s telephone network. In one embodiment, the promoter of the identity-blocking service may charge a fee to the third party for supplying information about the location of the user. 
     The present invention further contemplates a method of sending an advertisement over a communication network to a user operating a wireless communication device, wherein the method comprises receiving first information about a location of the user; receiving second information about the identity of the user; searching a database containing a plurality of location-specific advertisements; selecting one of the plurality of location-specific advertisements based on one or more criteria pre-selected by the user; and sending the one of the plurality of location-specific advertisements to the wireless communication device over the communication network without transmitting the identity of the user therewith. The communication network may be one or more of the Internet, the PSTN (public switched telephone network), and a cellular telephone network. A web advertiser may commercially offer such an identity-blocking service to, for example, cellular phone operators (i.e., mobile subscribers). 
     The web advertiser may obtain identity and location information for the user by paying a fee to an information provider (e.g., a wireless service provider). Furthermore, the one of the plurality of location-specific advertisements may be sent over the communication network in the form of a TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) message. 
     The present invention further contemplates a method of providing a location-blocking service, wherein the method comprises obtaining identity information for a user operating a wireless communication device; obtaining location information for the user; and transferring the identity information for the user to a third party without disclosing the location information for the user to the third party. As mentioned hereinbefore, the third party user may be an advertiser (e.g., a web advertiser) who is desirous of sending advertisements, messages or data to the wireless communication device (e.g., a cell phone) and, hence, to the user. A wireless service provider may offer the location-blocking service for a fee to the user. The location of the user may be obtained by monitoring and then analyzing one or more signals transmitted by the wireless communication device operated by the user. In one embodiment, the wireless communication device may be configured to supply the location information to the wireless service provider. 
     The present invention further contemplates a method of sending an advertisement over a communication network to a user operating a wireless communication device, wherein the method comprises receiving first information about the identity of the user; receiving second information about a location of the user; searching a database containing a plurality of user-specific advertisements; selecting one of the plurality of user-specific advertisements based on one or more criteria pre-selected by the user; and sending the one of the plurality of user-specific advertisements to the wireless communication device over the communication network without transmitting the second information about the location of the user therewith. A web advertiser may commercially offer such a location-blocking service to, for example, cellular phone operators (i.e., mobile subscribers). The web advertiser may send the one of the plurality of user-specific advertisements over the communication network in the form of a TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) message. 
     The present invention also contemplates an unblocking option where the user may access on Internet a website for one or more service promoters to “unblock” disclosure of the user&#39;s identity and/or location information. In alternative embodiments, various identity-blocking and location-blocking services may “unblock” transmission of respective identity and/or location information when the user (or the mobile subscriber) dials an emergency phone number (e.g., “911”) or indicates a desire to access an emergency service provider (e.g., a fire station, a hospital, or the police). 
     Blocking of a user&#39;s identity or location information may be desirable for privacy reasons, to comply with a government regulation, or to implement a telecommunication service option selected by the user. Information blocks may be implemented in hardware and/or software, and at various places in a communication arrangement. Various identity-blocking and location-blocking services require an advertiser to not disclose the user&#39;s identity and current location, respectively, in or through the messages communicated between the advertiser and the wireless communication device operated by the user. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       Further advantages of the present invention may be better understood by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates interaction between a wireless device, such as a cell phone, and a wireless network to determine the cell phone location when the cell phone operator approaches a location; 
         FIG. 2  shows an arrangement wherein the cell phone operator receives queried information or unsolicited advertisements over a combination of the wireless network and the Internet from a remote content server; 
         FIG. 3  is an exemplary block diagram showing circuit blocks constituting a web browser-equipped cell phone; 
         FIG. 4  depicts an exemplary flowchart for an identity-blocking service provided by a cellular service provider; 
         FIG. 5  shows an exemplary flowchart for an identity-blocking service provided by an Internet or web advertiser; 
         FIG. 6  is an exemplary flowchart for a location-blocking service provided by a cellular service provider; and 
         FIG. 7  illustrates an exemplary flowchart for a location-blocking service provided by an Internet or web advertiser. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  illustrates interaction between a wireless device, such as a cell phone  10 , and a wireless network (or a cellular telephone network)  12  to determine the cell phone location when the cell phone operator approaches a location  14 . The location  14  may be, for example, a shopping mall. It is to be understood that the cell phone  10  is powered on and is being carried by a cell phone operator or mobile subscriber (MS) approaching the location  14 . It is also noted that the arrangement shown in  FIG. 1  is for illustrative purpose only. In practice, the cell phone operator may visit a number of different locations (including, but not limited to, the location  14 ) carrying the cell phone  10 . The location of the cell phone  10  may then be tracked at appropriate cell sites (not shown) in the wireless network  12  that the cell phone operator visits. 
     As discussed in more detail hereinbelow with reference to  FIG. 3 , the cell phone  10  may include a display screen  28 , a keyboard  30 , a microphone  34  and an RF (radio frequency) antenna  66 . Additional circuit blocks constituting the cell phone  10  are shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     The location of the cell phone  10  may be determined periodically (i.e., at predetermined time intervals, e.g., every 30 seconds) by the wireless service provider or the cellular service provider (SP)  16 . Through the arrangement shown in  FIG. 1 , the SP  16  may transmit user-specific or location-specific voice and/or data advertisements to the cell phone  10  as discussed hereinbelow with reference to  FIG. 4 . For cell phone location determination, the SP may employ one or more of the methods discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,512,908 (“the &#39;908 patent”)(issued on Apr. 30, 1996) and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,625,364 (“the &#39;364 patent”) (issued on Apr. 29, 1997), both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     In the &#39;908 patent, a cellular telephone having a predetermined telephone number is located by using time difference of arrival measurements (on signals transmitted from the specific cell phone) at a multiplicity of cell-phone base-stations. The &#39;364 patent discusses locating the source of radio transmissions (including cellular phone transmissions) within a multipath signal environment. In the &#39;364 patent, a hand-held sensor unit with a built-in non-directional or omnidirectional antenna is used to capture signal transmissions from the source of radio transmissions to be located. Phase change measurements and other calculations are performed during processing of the captured signals and the signal-emitting source (e.g., a cell phone) is then located based on the outcome of the processing. 
     Alternatively, the location determination may be made, for example, when the cell phone  10  registers with a particular cell site in the service provider&#39;s cellular network. The location data may be updated when the mobile subscriber is roaming as is known in the art. 
     The subscriber (carrying the cell phone  10 ) may, for example, park the subscriber&#39;s vehicle near the location  14  and may approach the location  14  on foot. In that case, an interpretation of the location data from the periodic location determination may imply that the subscriber has decided to visit the location  14 . A third party advertiser (e.g., a web advertiser as discussed hereinbelow or a store in a shopping mall) or the service provider  16  itself may thus appropriately target advertisements to the cell phone  10  based on such indication of a stable location. 
     Alternatively, the MS may just drive around the location  14  and may not intend to park the car and visit the location  14 . In that event, an interpretation of the periodic location data may imply that the cell phone  10  (and, hence, the mobile subscriber) is in continuous motion near or around a specific location (e.g., a mall) and the cell phone operator may not visit the location  14  at all. It may therefore be desirable for the third party advertiser or the service provider  16  not to send advertisements related to the location  14  because of the high probability that the cell phone operator may not visit the location  14 . 
       FIG. 1  illustrates that the cell phone  10  is in wireless communication with the wireless network  12  using, for example, radio channels for voice and/or data communication. It is noted that the term “wireless network”, as used herein, is contemplated to include analog or digital cellular mobile networks irrespective of the underlying transmission technology, e.g., CDMA (code division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), etc., and any other radio network that employs intersystem messaging (e.g., the IS-41 based messaging scheme) as part of mobile wireless communication. The wireless network  12  may include a combination of one or more of, for example, an analog wireless network (e.g., the AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) network), a digital wireless network including cellular networks (e.g., TDMA or CDMA-based wireless networks), a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) and a WLL (Wireless Local Loop) configuration. A portion of the wireless network  12  may include one or more microwave links for satellite-based communication. 
     Furthermore, the SP  16  is shown as being part of the wireless network  12  because it is well known in the art that the wireless service provider  16  may operate in one or more of the cell sites (not shown) in the wireless network  12 . In fact, the SP  16  may operate in almost all cell sites within the wireless network  12  (e.g., in the case of a national service provider) or, alternatively, the SP  16  may have operations within a select group of cell sites within the network  12  (e.g., in the case of a regional service provider). 
     In addition to the determination of the MS&#39;s location, the service provider  16  may also ascertain the identity of the mobile subscriber through, for example, the cell phone data (e.g., the mobile identification number or MIN) received by the SP  16  (e.g., through a mobile switching center operated by the SP  16 ) when the SP  16  authenticates the cell phone  10  as part of the cell phone registration process as is known in the art. The identity of the mobile subscriber (e.g., the subscriber&#39;s name, address, contact phone number, employment status, etc.), along with the associated MIN, may already have been previously stored in a database (e.g., the subscriber&#39;s home location register or HLR) maintained by the SP  16 . Alternatively, the mobile subscriber identity information may temporarily reside in a visitor location register (VLR) associated with the serving MSC (mobile switching center) for a roaming MS. Such identity information may be obtained by the SP  16 , for example, when the MS initially signs up for the cellular service offered by the SP  16 . 
     In the discussion given hereinabove, the mobile subscriber&#39;s location and identity information may be considered to reside “in the network” as opposed to “in the cell phone.” In the latter situation, a GPS (global positioning system) receiver-equipped cell phone (discussed hereinbelow with reference to  FIG. 3 ) may monitor and record/update the cell phone location in a memory unit inside the cell phone  10 . The user of the cell phone  10  may decide whether to release the stored location information to, for example, a web advertiser. If the user decides to block the user&#39;s current location information as part of the user&#39;s query to a web advertiser for certain information (as discussed hereinbelow with reference to  FIG. 2 ), the web advertiser may “know” the identity of the user requesting information, but may not know where the user is located. Such an action may be necessary, for example, when the user wants to receive general information from the web advertiser on a topic of the user&#39;s choice, but without receiving location-specific advertisements. 
       FIG. 2  shows an arrangement wherein the cell phone operator receives queried information or unsolicited advertisements over a combination of the wireless network  12  and the Internet  18  from a remote content server (“content server”)  20 . The content server  20  is shown connected to the Internet  18  and may include a database  22  that stores varied information (e.g., news, weather information, shopping information, map directions, etc.). The database  22  may be physically located within the content server  20  or, alternatively, the database  22  may be located away from the content server  20 . In the latter case, the content server  20  may query the remote database  22  for the requisite information. In one embodiment, some or all of the information in the database  22  may be in a digital audio file format so as to allow the cell phone operator to listen to the information content over the speaker  32  ( FIG. 3 ). The data in audio file format may include file extensions such as, for example, “.WAV” (wave file), “.AIFF” (Audio Interchange File Format), “.AU” (audio file), etc. Alternatively, a portion of the information in the database  22  may be in a digital text file format, e.g., in the HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) format, in the ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) format, etc. The digital text files may be sent over the Internet  18  to the web browser residing in the cell phone  10  so as to display the user-requested information on the display screen  28  for the cell phone  10 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the cell phone operator may access the Internet  18  to request information from the content server  20 . The cell phone  10  may include a web browser (e.g., the web browser module  48  in  FIG. 3 ) to access the Internet  18  via the wireless network  12 . The information request may be sent (by the web browser module  48 ) as a query message to the remote content server  20 . The content server  20  may, in turn, forward the query to the database  22  to search and access the requested information. Upon retrieving pertinent information, the content server  20  may send the information to the cell phone  10  (i.e., to the web browser in the cell phone  10 ) via a response message over the Internet  18  as illustrated in  FIG. 2 . The query and response messages may include TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) data packets for propagation over the Internet  18 . 
     A WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) proxy/server  24  is also shown as part of the data transfer arrangement in  FIG. 2 . The WAP proxy/server  24  may facilitate access to the Internet  18  using the cell phone  10 . The WAP proxy/server  24  translates WAP requests/queries transmitted by the web browser module  48  ( FIG. 3 ) into WWW (World Wide Web) or Internet requests supported by the content server  20 . The data packets (including information queries sent to the content server  20 ) generated or received by the web browser module  48  (using the WDP layer  50 ) may be in a WAP-supported format, e.g., the WML (Wireless Markup Language) format. The WAP proxy/server  24  receives the WAP requests sent by the web browser module  48  in the form of WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol) datagram adapted to be transmitted over the underlying physical carrier networks, e.g., the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) (not shown), the Internet  18 , etc. The WAP proxy/sewer  24  then sends appropriate WWW requests, e.g., in the HTML format, to the content server  20 . 
     It is noted that the term “Internet”, as used herein, may be construed to include portions of traditional wireline telephone networks, e.g., the POTS (plain old telephone system) or the PSTN. Additionally, other networks, e.g., a LAN (local area network), a WAN (wide area network), etc., may also form part of the Internet  18 , as is known in the art, to propagate the query and response messages between the cell phone  10  and the content server  20 . 
     The content server  20  may provide the requested data or information in a specific format, e.g., in the HTML format, in the WML format, etc., depending on its design and implementation. 
     If the content server  20  provides information in WAP content (e.g., in the WML format), then the WAP proxy/server  24  may retrieve the information directly from the content server  20  via the Internet  18  and forward the retrieved information to the web browser module  48  ( FIG. 3 ). However, if the content server  20  provides information in WWW content (e.g., in the HTML format), then a filter may be used to translate the WWW content into WAP content. For example, an HTML filter (not shown) placed between the WAP proxy/server  24  and the content server  20  may translate information or data received in the HTML format into that in the WML format. The WAP proxy/server  24  may receive this translated data from the HTML filter and deliver it to the web browser module  48  via the Internet  18 . 
     In one embodiment, the WAP proxy/server  24  may itself contain the data and information requested by the web browser module  48  ( FIG. 3 ). In that embodiment, instead of the content server  20 , the WAP proxy/server  24  may itself provide the requisite data and information to the web browser module  48 . Thus, the WAP proxy/server  24  may not access another content server, e.g., the content server  20 , and may, instead, directly supply the requested information in a WAP-supported format, e.g., the WML format, to the web browser module  48  via the Internet  18 . In this configuration, the WAP proxy/server  24  may function as an origin or gateway server (instead of a proxy) that responds to requests from the WAP client, i.e., the web browser module  48 , directly. 
     Instead of the WAP browser discussed hereinbelow with reference to  FIG. 3 , the web browser module  48  may include an HTML browser (not shown). In a data transfer arrangement with the HTML browser, the WAP proxy/server  24  and the HTML filter (not shown) may not be necessary. Further, the content server  20  may be configured to transfer data in the HTML format so as to be compatible with the data format supported by the HTML browser in the web browser module  48 . All other components in the data transfer arrangement may remain the same as that illustrated in  FIG. 2 . Thus, in view of the foregoing discussion of remote data transfer with a WAP browser, additional discussion of data transfer using an HTML browser is omitted to prevent repetition. 
     It is noted that one or more of the WAP proxy/server  24 , the content server  20  and the database  22  (if separate from the content server  20 ) may be owned or operated by the cellular service provider  16 . Alternatively, an independent third party (e.g., a web banner advertiser) may own or operate these servers to store and provide various information to users or subscribers. 
     In one embodiment, the cell phone operator may send a query over the Internet  18  to the content server  20  by first accessing (with the help of the cell phone  10 ) the web page for the content server  20  and entering the query therein. As part of the query, the cell phone operator may supply the operator&#39;s current physical location to the content server  20 . However, the operator may not supply the operator&#39;s identity to the content server  20 . In other words, the content server  20  may “know” where the operator is, but not who the operator is. For example, the cell phone operator may access the content server&#39;s  20  web site from a location on a highway to request information about nearby attractions, locations of food establishments, directions for further travel, etc. The cell phone operator may not specify his/her identity or personal choices (e.g., food preferences) to the content server  20 . Thus, the content server  20  may not supply user-specific information to the cell phone operator. Instead, the cell phone operator may receive general location-specific information from the content server  20 . 
       FIG. 3  is an exemplary block diagram showing circuit blocks constituting a web browser-equipped cell phone, e.g., the cell phone  10 . The cell phone  10  includes a display screen (or “display”)  28 , a keypad or keyboard (“keyboard”)  30 , a speaker  32  and a microphone  34 . The keys or “buttons” on the keyboard  30  may be provided as, for example, push-button keys or computer keyboard-type keys or membrane keys or any other suitable design configuration. The choice of the type of keys on the keyboard  30  may thus depend on design and aesthetic considerations including, for example, the size, the weight and the desired physical contours for the cell phone  10 . The display screen  28  may display text or graphic messages thereon. For example, when the mobile subscriber (MS) browses the Internet  18 , the display screen  28  may display the content of web pages for the MS to look at. In one embodiment, the display screen  28  may be an LCD (liquid crystal display) display. In alternative embodiments, the display screen may be, for example, a TFT (thin film transistor) active matrix display or a touch-sensitive screen. 
     Additional circuit elements include an audio logic unit  40 , a display logic unit  42 , a keypad interface logic unit  44 , a memory or storage unit (“memory unit”)  46 , a web browser module  48  and a network interface unit (NIU)  60 . These circuit elements are shown coupled to a processing and control unit (PCU)  52  that manages and controls various operations performed by these circuit elements. The NIU  60  may include a wireless modem  62 , an RF (radio frequency) transceiver unit  64  and an RF antenna unit (“antenna”)  66  so as to enable the web browser module  48  to transmit and receive digital information over the Internet  18  as discussed hereinbelow. 
     The audio logic unit  40  may be connected to the microphone  34  and the speaker  32 . The speaker  32  may be activated by the audio logic unit  40  when, for example, the PCU  52  informs the audio logic unit  40  that the MS has initiated a telephone conversation. Voice messages may first be received by the PCU  52  (via the NIU  60 ) and the PCU  52  may transmit these signals to the audio logic unit  40  to be sent to the speaker  32  for generating audible sound. Alternatively, any digital audio files (e.g., from the content server  20 ) received by the cell phone  10  (using the NIU  60 ) over the Internet  18  may first be sent to the web browser module  48  to retrieve the audio file data therefrom. The web browser module  48  may then send the audio data to the PCU  52 , which, in turn, forwards the audio data to the audio logic unit  40  and eventually to the speaker  32  for audible playback. 
     The user of the cell phone  10  may speak into the microphone  34  to transmit the user&#39;s voice during, for example, a telephone conversation. The audio logic unit  40  receives the electrical audio signals from the microphone  34  and sends them to the PCU  52 , which, in conjunction with the NIU  60  transmits the user&#39;s voice to the wireless network  12 . In one embodiment, the PCU  52  may generate digital audio files from the analog audio signals received from the microphone  34 . The web browser module  48  may send TCP/IP messages over the Internet  18  containing these digital audio files so as to allow the MS to carry out voice communication over the Internet  18 . The digital audio file formats may include file extensions such as, for example, “.WAV” (wave file), “.AIFF” (Audio Interchange File Format), “.AU” (audio file), etc. 
     The display logic unit  42  monitors and manages display functionality for the cell phone  10 . The PCU  52  may generate proper commands and signals for the display logic unit  42 , which, in turn, may control the display of visual information on the display screen  28 . The display screen  28  may display various information such as, for example, an e-mail message received over the Internet  18 , any data entered via the keyboard  30  or an intimation of which action is being performed by the cell phone  10 . For example, a message such as “ACCESSING THE INTERNET” may also be sent to the display logic unit  42  (to be displayed on the display screen  28 ) by the PCU  52  once the PCU  52  receives an indication from the web browser module  48  that Internet access is in progress. Other messages may also be conveniently displayed on the display screen  28 . For example, as soon as the user presses a key on the keyboard  30 , the corresponding digit, symbol or command may be displayed on the display screen  28  by the display logic unit  42 . 
     The keypad interface logic unit  44  is coupled to the keyboard  30  and receives signals sent from the keyboard  30  when the user presses one or more keys thereon. The user may enter data such as, for example, a telephone number, a web address (e.g., the web address of the content server  20 ), an e-mail message, etc., using various keys on the keyboard  30 . The web browser module  48  may need a portion of such data to determine how to access the content server  20  over the Internet  18 . Furthermore, the user may also prefer to enter personal information about the user, e.g., the user&#39;s name, the address of the user&#39;s contact location, any known medical condition, etc., using keys on the keyboard  30  and store that personal information in the memory unit  46 . 
     The keypad interface logic unit  44  transmits the signals received from the keyboard  30  to the PCU  52  for further processing. The PCU  52  decodes the received signals and accordingly instructs the appropriate circuit elements for necessary action. For example, when the user enters the user&#39;s personal information, the keypad interface logic unit  44  may send all the data to the PCU  52 , which may instruct the memory unit  46  to store the received data therein. The PCU  52  may store the user&#39;s personal identification information in the memory unit  46  using one of a number of digital text formats, e.g., HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) format, ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) format, XML (Extensible Markup Language) text file format developed by W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), etc. 
     In one embodiment, the cell phone  10  may include a text-to-speech (TTS) converter (not shown). The TTS conversion functionality may be implemented with appropriate software residing in the PCU  52 . The TTS converter may work with an SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) format-based ITS markup language. The SGML format may be based on the ASCII text format. An example of an SGML-based TTS markup language includes the STML (Spoken Text Markup Language) developed by Lucent Technologies of Murray Hill, N.J., USA. In that embodiment, the cell phone  10  may be configured to receive an e-mail or other messages in the SGML format over the Internet  18 . The TTS converter may convert the received text file (in the SGML format) into an STML file that can be audibly played back by the audio logic unit  40 . The user of the cell phone  10  can thus hear, in a synthesized voice, the content of the message sent in a digital text format. 
     The memory or memory unit  46  provides memory for storage of data, such as the user&#39;s personal information as discussed hereinbefore. The data stored locally in the memory unit  46  may be text, audio or video data and may include a number of digital file formats as described hereinbefore. For example, data that may be sent over the Internet  18  may be in the HTML or the WML (Wireless Markup Language) formats. The memory unit  46  may be located inside the cell phone  10  or, alternatively, may be supplied as a memory cartridge (not shown) that may be attached to the cell phone  10  at an appropriate adapter slot (not shown) provided on the housing for the cell phone  10 . 
     The memory unit  46  may include volatile and/or non-volatile memory, such as RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) or similar memory units. A volatile memory may lose the data stored therein if the power applied thereto is removed. The personal information about the user (as an audio file or as a text file) may be stored in the non-volatile portion of the memory unit  46 . On the other hand, the content of a web page accessed through the web browser module  48  may be stored in the volatile portion (or temporary storage) of the memory unit  46 . 
     The web browser module  48  may include software code or routines which, when executed by the PCU  52 , perform web browser functions upon execution. In one embodiment, the web browser module  48  may be implemented using a combination of software and hardware elements. The web browser software may include, for example, an HTML browser or a WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) browser because of the small size and portable nature of the cell phone  10  and because of the smaller display screen  28  and limited memory space (in the memory unit  46 ) available for the cell phone  10 . The HTML browser may “read” information received or stored in the HTML format, whereas the WAP browser may be able to “mad” information having WAP content (e.g., information in the WML (Wireless Mark-up Language) format). In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the web browser module  48  includes a WAP browser that wirelessly connects the cell phone  10  to the Internet  18 . 
     The web browser module  48  may be activated using one or more keys on the keyboard  30  and may be used for surfing the world wide web portion of the Internet. The web browser module  48  interacts with the PCU  52  to execute necessary software routines for Internet access. The software routines, upon execution, activate the wireless modem  62  in the NIU  60  to accomplish dialed Internet access via the wireless network  12 . In one embodiment, the web browser module  48  (including its hardware and/or software elements) may be a part of the PCU  52  and the PCU  52  may directly perform web browsing or information delivery over the Internet  18 . 
     Inclusion of the web browser module  48  within the cell phone  10  may result in a standardized information interface for the cell phone  10  because it dispenses with the need to have a proprietary format for information transmission, storage and display. The messages to and from the cell phone  10  need not have to be in a proprietary format, but, instead, may be in a generally available text format, e.g., the HTML format or the WML format. This allows for ease of Internet communication with the cell phone  10  because of the use of TCP/IP data packets over the Internet  18  for information exchange. 
     As noted hereinbefore, the web browser module  48  includes the WAP browser software represented as a WAP stack  49 . The WAP architecture provides a scalable and extensible environment for application development for mobile communication devices such as, for example, the cell phone  10 . The WAP protocol is designed in the form of a layered architecture wherein each of the layers is accessible by the layers above, as well as by other services and applications running on the WAP platform. The WAP stack  49  has the application layer (not shown) at its top, which is successively followed by the session layer (not shown), the transaction layer (not shown), the security layer (not shown) and the transport layer, which is referred to as a WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol) and Adaptation layer  50  in  FIG. 3  (and interchangeably referred to hereinbelow as “the WDP layer” or “the adaptation layer” for the sake of clarity). 
     The WDP layer  50  is the lowest layer in the WAP stack that is in direct contact with a physical network carrying the WAP data. The WDP layer  50  operates above the data-capable bearer services supported by various physical networks. A bearer service is a data transport mechanism that carries the WDP protocols between two devices. Some examples of bearer services include, for example, SMS (Short Message Service), circuit switched data and packetized data. Examples of some physical networks that early the bearer data include a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) or another TDMA-based (Time Division Multiple Access) wireless network, a wireline network (e.g., the PSTN or the Internet), etc. The WDP protocol can be mapped onto different bearers, with different characteristics. The adaptation layer  50  is the layer of the WDP protocol that maps the WDP protocol functions directly onto a specific bearer. Thus, operationally, the WDP layer  50  provides convergence between a given bearer service and the rest of the WAP stack  49 . The content of the adaptation layer  50  may be different for each bearer depending on, for example, specific capabilities and characteristics of that bearer service. 
     In the embodiment of  FIG. 3 , the WDP and adaptation layer  50  in the WAP stack  49  may map WDP protocol functions onto the packetized data (i.e., the bearer service) supported by the wireless network  12  to facilitate communication between the web browser module  48  and the remote source of data (i.e., the content server  20 ). The WDP layer  50  may thus adapt the datagrams transmitted and received thereby to conform to the data transmission protocol specified by the physical data carrier network, i.e., the wireless network  12 . As noted hereinbefore, the WAP browser in the web browser module  48  may communicate with the remotely-located source of data (e.g., the content server  20 ) using a WAP-supported data format, e.g., the WML format. For bearer services supporting IP (Internet Protocol), the WDP protocol may be UDP (User Datagram Protocol) that provides port-based addressing (e.g., source port, destination port, etc.) which may be combined with the segmentation and reassembly features of IP-based routing to implement a connectionless datagram service between two devices. 
     The PCU  52  manages and controls various operations performed by different circuit elements connected thereto, The PCU  52  functions as a centralized location to send and receive various commands and information. For example, the PCU  52  may receive a signal from the keypad interface logic unit  44  when the MS wishes to access the Internet  18 . In response, the PCU  52  may execute the web browser software in the web browser module  48  to initiate an Internet connection. The PCU  52  may receive content of a web page or an e-mail over the Internet  18  and may, in turn, instruct the display logic unit  42  to display the received web page or e-mail on the display screen  28 . Alternatively, the PCU  52  may instruct the TTS converter (not shown) to audibly “play” a message text using the audio logic unit  40  and the speaker  32  as described hereinbefore. During web browsing, the PCU  52  may also execute audio and video data files received from the Internet  18  using the web browser module  48  and send appropriate audio and video signals to the audio logic unit  40  and the display logic unit  42  respectively. 
     The cell phone  10  may include some additional optional circuit elements such as, for example, a user location identifier  54  including a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver  56  and a GPS receiver antenna  58 . The GPS receiver antenna  58  may be provided on the cell phone  10  to continuously receive location signals from geo-stationary satellites and transfer those signals to the GPS receiver  56  to identify the current location of the cell phone  10  and, hence, the location of the user carrying the cell phone  10 . Instead of a built-in version of the user location identifier  54 , the cell phone  10  may be provided with a port (not shown) to receive an external location identifier (with or without the receiver antenna  58 ) that may be attached to the port when needed. A GPS embodiment of the user location identifier  54  may perform better in an outdoor environment, e.g., when the user is on the road. In one embodiment, the user location identifier  54  may supply the PCU  52  with the requisite location information and the PCU  52 , with the help of the web browser module  48  and the network interface unit  60  (described hereinbelow), may send the user location information over the Internet  18  to the content server  20 . Alternatively, the PCU  52  may send the MS&#39;s location information to the cellular service provider  16  via the wireless network  12 . 
     The network interface unit  60  provides an electrical interface for signals traveling between various circuit elements inside the cell phone  10  and a wireless carrier network, e.g., the wireless network  12  in  FIG. 3 . Data communication signals (including the TCP/IP messages) transmitted and/or received by the web browser module  48  may pass through the NIU  60  prior to reaching their appropriate destinations. The NIU  60  may provide signal amplification in, for example, a noisy signal environment. 
     The network interface unit  60  employs wireless devices to transfer data and information from the cell phone  10  over the Internet  18 . An antenna, e.g., an RF (radio frequency) antenna  66 , may be provided on the cell phone  10  to allow wireless data communication. Data communication may be accomplished via a wireless modem  62  using the wireless network  12 . When the wireless network  12  is a cellular network (e.g., a TDMA-based wireless network or a CDMA-based wireless network), the wireless modem  62  may be capable of data transfer using the message format supported by the given cellular network. 
     The web browser module  48  in the cell phone  10  may be configured to transfer data over the wireless network  12  and, hence, the web browser module  48  may be connected to the NIU  60 . The web browser module  48  in  FIG. 3  includes a WAP browser, as described hereinbefore. However, a web browser module  48  with an HTML browser may be similarly configured to perform data transmission and reception operations using wireless devices. The cell phone  10  may also include a web browser module  48  with browser software that supports a content format that is different from HTML or WML such as, for example, the JavaScript scripting language. A cell phone may be conveniently designed to include such a web browser module for data communication. 
     The RF transceiver unit  64  sends RF signals to the RF antenna  66  for transmission to the wireless network  12  and receives RF signals from the RF antenna  66  and forwards them to the wireless modem  62  for further processing. The RF antenna  66  provides the necessary signaling interface between the wireless network  12  and the web browser module  48  that needs to access the wireless network  12 . 
     The wireless modem  62  may perform necessary data encoding for the data received from the WAP browser in the web browser module  48  to prepare the data (e.g., a query message) to be sent to the wireless network  12  and eventually to the content server  20  over the Internet  18 . A corresponding decoding may be performed by the wireless modem  62  upon receipt of data (e.g., a response message from the content server  20 ) from the RF transceiver unit  64  prior to sending the decoded data to the WAP browser (in the web browser module  48 ) for further processing. The RF transceiver unit  64  modulates data received from the wireless modem  62  to be transmitted over an RF transmission channel linking the cell phone  10  with the wireless network  12 . This modulated data is then wirelessly transmitted to the wireless network  12  (and, hence, to the Internet  18 ) by the RF antenna  66 . Upon reception of any data or information from the wireless network  12  (e.g., an e-mail message received over the Internet  18 ), the RF antenna  66  forwards the W-modulated data to the RF transceiver unit  64 , which demodulates the data and sends it to the wireless modem  62  for further processing and transfer to the WAP browser in the web browser module  48 . 
       FIG. 4  depicts an exemplary flowchart for an identity-blocking service provided by a cellular service provider (e.g., the service provider  16  in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ). Initially, at block  70 , the cellular service provider  16  may periodically receive (or track) the location information for the cell phone  10  using one of the methods mentioned hereinbefore. Here, the location information can be considered to be “in the network.” Alternatively, the location information may be “in the cell phone” as discussed hereinbefore. For example, a cell phone with a built-in location identifier (e.g., the cell phone  10  with the built-in GPS receiver  56  as shown in  FIG. 3 ) may transmit its location information to the wireless network  12  (and, hence, to the service provider  16 ) periodically, for example, every 30 seconds after the cell phone  10  is activated (or powered up) by the MS. In another embodiment, the MSC (mobile switching center) (not shown) serving the cell phone  10  may be programmed to periodically “query” the cell phone  10  to extract current location information therefrom. In both cases, the PCU  52  may be configured with appropriate software which, when executed, transmits the cell phone location information via the NIU  60  to the MSC (not shown) operated by the service provider  16 . 
     The service provider  16  may also receive the MS&#39;s identity information (e.g., name, address, services subscribed to, etc.) at block  72  when, for example, the MS first signs up for the cellular services provided by the SP  16 . Alternatively, the MS may store subscriber&#39;s identity information in the memory unit  46  of the cell phone  10 . The browser software in the web browser module  48  may be configured to transmit MS&#39;s stored identity information to the wireless network  12  whenever, for example, the MS initially accesses the Internet  18 . The identity information received from the cell phone  10  may be temporarily stored in the MSC or any other convenient location within the cellular service provider&#39;s network. 
     The cellular service provider  16  may offer the cellular phone operator&#39;s location information to a third party advertiser (e.g., a web banner advertiser) for a fee, which may be fixed or based on per-delivery (of location information). In the identity-blacking service illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the service provider  16  first determines at block  74  whether any third party is qualified to receive the MS&#39;s location information. The third party, as discussed hereinbefore, may be a web advertiser who is desirous of sending web banner advertisements to the web browser module  48  to be displayed on the display screen  28 . The contact data (e.g., web address, e-mail address, etc.) regarding each qualified third party receiver of location information may be stored by the SP  16  in an appropriate database maintained thereby. The SP  16  may then transmit (at block  76 ) the MS&#39;s location information to the third party advertiser without disclosing the MS&#39;s identity to the third party. In other words, the web advertiser operating the content server  20  may only know the location of the MS, but may not know the identity of the MS, i.e., who the MS is. The SP  16  may also charge a fee to the MS for blocking MS&#39;s identity from being disclosed. 
     Upon receiving the location information about the MS, the third party advertiser may search the database  22  to obtain advertisements for business establishments at or near the MS&#39;s current physical location. For example, when the cell phone operator approaches the location  14 , e.g., a shopping mall (as shown in  FIG. 1 ), the web advertiser may select advertisements for various shops in the mall. Thereafter, at block  78 , the web advertiser may send over the Internet  18  (and via the wireless network  12 ) location-specific advertisements to the web browser module  48  in the cell phone  10 . The advertisements may be displayed as Internet banner advertisements on the display screen  28 . Alternatively, one or more of the advertisements may be in a digital audio format and may be heard by the cell phone operator when the digital audio file (e.g., a streaming audio file) carrying the respective advertisement is executed by the PCU  52  and the resulting audio is played through the speaker  32 . The web advertiser may continue sending different location-specific advertisements to the cell phone  10  as long as the cell phone  10  is “connected” to the Internet  18  (i.e., as long as the MS is surfing or accessing the Internet  18 ). The web advertiser may discontinue further advertisement transmission once the cell phone  10  is “disconnected” from the Internet  18  as indicated by block  80  in  FIG. 4 . 
     Protection of unnecessary dissemination of identity information of the cell phone operator may be desirable to prevent misuse or to preserve privacy of the operator. When the identity information is stored in the cell phone  10 , the web browser module  48  or the PCU  52  may be configured with appropriate software that gives the cell phone operator an option whether to block the transmission of the operator&#39;s stored identity information to a remote web server (e.g., the content server  20 ) when the cell phone operator queries or accesses the remote server for information. In such a case, the mobile subscriber may provide an indication to the SP  16  during or prior to a phone call that the identity information may not be forwarded over the Internet  18  to the content server  20 . In one embodiment, the SP  16  may not have mobile subscriber&#39;s identity information pre-stored therewith. Here, the cell phone  10  (through, e.g., the PCU  52 ) may supply the identity information to the SP  16  on a per-call basis and instruct the SP  16  to block further transmission of the identity information unless indicated otherwise by the MS. 
     The SP  16  decides at block  82  whether it wishes to send location-specific messages to the cell phone  10 . In one embodiment, there may not be any third party receiver of location information, but the cellular service provider  16  itself may utilize the received mobile subscriber&#39;s location information to target location-specific advertisements to the cell phone  10 . Alternatively, the SP  16  may also send location-specific advertisements or messages to the cell phone  10  even when there is a third party advertiser. For example, the content server  20  may send textual messages to the cell phone  10 , whereas the service provider  16  (through the corresponding mobile switching center) may send audio messages to the cell phone  10 . Both types of messages may be sent intermittently to the cell phone  10 . This is depicted by block  84  in  FIG. 4 . When the SP  16  identifies the cell phone  10  operating in its system, the service provider  16  may target location-specific advertisements to the cell phone  10  according to a method disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,588,042 (issued on Dec. 24, 1996), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. It is noted that the service provider  16  may not transmit any location-specific advertisements or messages to the cell phone  10 . In any event, the process ends at block  80 . 
     In the discussion given hereinabove with reference to  FIG. 4 , it is noted that instead of the service provider  16  initiating transmission of location-specific messages to the cell phone  10 , the MS may “query” the SP  16  for location-specific information. For example, the MS may send a query message to a special mobile number assigned by the SP  16 . The query message may be a textual or a voice message. In case of a voice message, appropriate speech recognition software may be provided at the location processing the MS&#39;s query to identify the content of the MS&#39;s request. The SP  16  may, in response, send pre-recorded location-specific data in, for example, synthesized voice messages to the cell phone  10 . Alternatively, the query message may contain no data, but the origination of the query message to the dedicated mobile number may indicate to the SP  16  that the MS has requested location-based information. The SP  16  may offer such request-response service to mobile subscribers for additional fees. 
       FIG. 5  shows an exemplary flowchart for an identity-blocking service provided by an Internet or web advertiser (e.g., the web advertiser operating the content server  20 ). In the identity-blocking service illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the web advertiser or any other third party advertiser blocks the mobile subscriber&#39;s identity information (if available) whenever the advertiser sends any location-specific message or advertisement to the cell phone  10 . As discussed hereinbefore, the term “web advertiser” may include any third party (i.e., other than the wireless service provider  16 ) advertiser or message distributor over a communication network (e.g., the Internet  18 ) including, for example, the web advertiser operating the content server  20 . The message from the web advertiser may be in a text form or in a digital audio file format—both with or without images. Further, the advertisement may appear on the display screen  28  as a web banner advertisement. 
     At block  86 , the web advertiser receives current physical location information of the cell phone  10 . The web advertiser may purchase the location information from the SP  16  for each web access by the MS. Alternatively, the web advertiser may pay a flat sum of money to receive the MS&#39;s location information during a fixed duration (e.g., six months). In one embodiment, the web advertiser may receive the location information directly from the MS. Here, the MS may transmit the MS&#39;s current physical location information to the web advertiser&#39;s server (e.g., the content server  20 ) prior to or along with the query message (as shown in  FIG. 2 ) from the cell phone  10 . The web advertiser may also receive the IP (Internet Protocol) address for the cell phone  10  as part of the location information (from the SP  16  or from the MS). The IP address may be used to identify the MS as discussed hereinbelow. In an alternative embodiment, the web advertiser may even obtain the MS&#39;s current physical location information from another web advertiser. 
     The web advertiser may offer a service that provides location-specific advertisements, information or messages to the service&#39;s subscribers. In one embodiment, the MS operating the cell phone  10  may subscribe to this service, which may require the subscriber to provide its location information to the content server  20  and receive the requested location-specific data in return. For example, the MS may send a message (using the cell phone  10 ) to the content server  20  informing the content server  20  of the MS&#39;s current location and asking the server to provide information about nearby movie theatres and directions thereto. 
     It is noted that the web advertiser may require each new visitor (e.g., the MS) to its web site to register and provide basic identity information (e.g., name, address, e-mail, etc.) for the visitor. Further, the web advertiser may “capture” the IP (Internet Protocol) address of the visitor&#39;s computer (here, the IP address for the cell phone  10 ) when the visitor initially visits the advertiser&#39;s website. The web advertiser may correlate the MS&#39;s IP address with the MS&#39;s identity information and store them in, for example, the database  22 . Thereafter, upon receiving the cell phone location information (block  86 ) containing the MS&#39;s IP address, the web advertiser determines (at decision block  88 ) whether any identity information about the MS (and associated with the received IP address) is available therewith. The determination may be performed by appropriate software in, for example, the content server  20 . The software may receive the IP address from the web browser module  48  when the cell phone  10  accesses the content server  20  over the Internet. Thereafter, the software may search the database  22  to identify the MS associated with the received IP address. In one embodiment, the web advertiser may receive the MS&#39;s identity information and associated IP address for the cell phone  10  from another web advertiser under, for example, an information-sharing agreement between the web advertisers. 
     The software in the content server  20  may also determine whether any advertisement preferences have been stored for the MS in the database  22  (decision block  90 ). At the time of registering or at any time thereafter, the MS may enter or update the MS&#39;s identity profile to include one or more preferences. For example, the MS may indicate a preference not to receive any advertisement from an automobile dealer even when the advertisement from the automobile dealership is a qualified location-specific advertisement. In other words, using the preference option, the MS may instruct the content server  20  to not transmit any automobile-related advertisement even when the automobile merchant is in the physical vicinity of the MS. Such preferences may be specified on the web advertiser&#39;s website for selection by the user (here, the MS). Alternatively, the content server  20  may provide the MS with an option to specify a limited number (e.g., five) of preferences that the content server  20  may take into account while selecting which location-specific advertisements to be sent to the cell phone  10 . In one embodiment, the web advertiser (through the content server  20 ) may transmit a questionnaire to the MS to request input from the MS regarding what type of advertisements or messages the MS would like to receive from the web advertiser. 
     In the absence of identity information for the MS or in the absence of any preferences registered for the MS, the web advertiser may select, at block  92 , location-specific advertisements for the MS based on the cell phone location information received at block  86 . In one embodiment, the selection of the location-specific data, messages or advertisements may be performed by specific software in the content server  20 . The software may search the database  22  and compare the received location data with the location information stored in the database  22  to identify or select appropriate messages to be sent over the Internet  18  to the cell phone  10 . When the MS has registered one or more preferences with the web advertiser, the web advertiser may optionally select location-specific advertisements based on the MS&#39;s preferences as depicted by dotted block  94 . Thus, the web advertiser may send location-specific advertisements that are also user-specific (or, user-preference-based). Alternatively, the web advertiser may send user-specific advertisements (whether based on user preferences or not) that are also location-specific. 
     Finally, at block  96 , the web advertiser (i.e., the content server  20  operated by the web advertiser) may send one or more of the selected location-specific advertisements to the cell phone  10  without sending any indication of the mobile subscriber&#39;s identity therewith. Similarly, the web advertiser may also send user-specific advertisements to the cell phone  10  without sending any indication of MS&#39;s identity therewith. In other words, the content server  20  may block any MS identity information from further transmission over the Internet  18 . Any interception of the location-specific advertisement or message sent from the content server  20  may serve to identify the present location of the receiver of the message, but not the identity of the receiver (i.e., who the receiver is). Protection of identity information of the MS may be useful when data packets get misdirected or intercepted over the Internet  18 . Additionally, assurance of the protection of the MS&#39;s private information may allow the MS to frequently access the web advertiser&#39;s website, thereby generating more “hits” (and, hence, more advertising revenue) to the website. The web advertiser may even charge a fee to the MS for blocking MS&#39;s identity information from further dissemination. The identity-blocking process illustrated in  FIG. 5  terminates at block  98 . 
     As mentioned hereinbefore, the SP  16  may periodically send the MS&#39;s location information to the web advertiser (i.e., to the content server  20 ). However, in one embodiment, the SP  16  may send an indication (e.g., a pre-designated digit or code) to the content server  20  when the location of the MS is continuously changing, i.e., when the MS is in motion or driving a car. Here, the MS may not intend to stop by at a particular location  14  (e.g., a shopping mall) and, therefore, it may not be desirable for the web advertiser to initiate any location-specific advertising. However, the web advertiser may still send location-specific advertisements (without MS identity information) to the cell phone  10  in response to any queries initiated by the MS. 
     As noted hereinbefore, the MS may be moving from one location to another (e.g., from one shopping mall to another). In one embodiment, the frequency with which the web advertiser may update or change the location-specific advertisements being sent to the cell phone  10  may depend on the frequency with which the web advertiser receives updated location information from the SP  16  serving the MS. Due to limited radio frequency bandwidth, the MS location determination by the SP  16  may not be continuous. Furthermore, the frequency of location determination may depend on the number of cellular phone operators active within the cellular service provider&#39;s network and for whom location determination has to be made by the SP  16 . 
     In one embodiment, the identity blocking service provided by the cellular service provider  16  (as illustrated in  FIG. 4 ) or a similar service provided by the web advertiser (as depicted in  FIG. 5 ) may offer identity-blocking as a default option. However, the MS may be given an activation code (e.g., *25) that the MS may transmit from the cell phone  10  to remove the identity-blocking option. The SP  16  may even allow the MS to enter the activation code over the Internet  18  by visiting SP&#39;s website. Thus, the cellular service provider  16  may receive the activation code from the cell phone  10  at any time after the cell phone  10  is active (or, “turned ON”). Thereafter, the SP  16  may not block the MS&#39;s identity information and send the identity information along with the location information to the third party advertiser. Similarly, the web advertiser may also receive the activation code from the cell phone  10  instructing the content server  20  to release the MS&#39;s identity information with the location-specific messages. In one embodiment, the user (here, the MS) may need to enter the activation code on a per message or per website access basis. In another embodiment, the activation code may permanently remove the identity blocking option until the user revokes the user&#39;s choice. 
     In alternative embodiments of identity-blocking services by the cellular service provider  16  ( FIG. 4 ) or by the web advertiser ( FIG. 5 ), the identity-blocking option may be initially absent or disabled. In other words, the SP  16  or the web advertiser may not block MS&#39;s identity as a default service option. Instead, in these embodiments, the MS may be given a deactivation code (e.g., *34) that the MS may send to the SP  16  or the web advertiser to “enable” the identity-blocking option. Thus, after the MS “enables” the identity-blocking option, the SP  16  or the web advertiser may start blocking the MS&#39;s identity information as discussed hereinbefore with reference to  FIGS. 4 and 5  respectively. 
       FIG. 6  is an exemplary flowchart for a location-blocking service provided by a cellular service provider (e.g., the service provider  16  in  FIG. 2 ). In the location-blocking service, the SP  16  may prevent transmission of the MS&#39;s location information to the third party advertiser, but may not block the transmission of the MS&#39;s identity information. Thus, the third party may “know” who is the receiver of the advertisements, but may not know where that receiver is located. A location-blocking option may be desirable for the MS who wants to receive only a selected group of messages regardless of the MS&#39;s location (e.g., messages informing the MS of the prices of stocks held by the MS). Here, the data, messages or advertisements to be sent to the MS may not depend on the MS&#39;s physical location. 
     At block  100 , the cellular service provider  16  may receive physical location information for the cell phone  10  operated by the MS. The cellular service provider  16  may receive the location information as discussed hereinbefore with reference to block  70  in  FIG. 4 . Also, the SP  16  may also receive MS&#39;s identity information at block  102  in a manner similar to that described hereinbefore with respect to block  72  in  FIG. 4 . Therefore, further discussion for blocks  100  and  102  is omitted for the sake of brevity. 
     At decision block  104 , the SP  16  determines whether the SP  16  has implemented the option of blocking the MS&#39;s identity (e.g., to comply with a government regulation) or whether the MS has indicated to the SP  16  (using, e.g., a pre-assigned code or symbol) to block the MS&#39;s identity information from being sent to a third party receiver. he determination function at block  104  may be performed by the content server  20  or by the MSC (not shown) serving the cell phone  10 . Appropriate program code may be executed in the content server  20  or the MSC to make the determination at block  104 . The SP  16  may also determine, at block  106 , whether any third party advertiser or receiver of identity information has signed up or subscribed to receive the MS&#39;s identity information. As noted hereinbefore, the third party advertiser (e.g., a web banner advertiser) may pay predetermined fees on a per-user basis, i.e., for each new user identity information sent by the SP  16 . Alternatively, the third party advertiser may pay a fixed amount of money for a given duration (e.g., six months) irrespective of the number of user whose identity information is received thereby. Further, the SP  16  may charge a fee to the MS for blocking MS&#39;s location information from further transmission. The process depicted in  FIG. 6  terminates at block  108  in the event that there is no third party receiver of the MS&#39;s identity information or when the transmission of the MS&#39;s identity information is blocked (by the MS or by the SP  16  itself). 
     In the absence of any blocks placed on transmission of the MS&#39;s identity information and when a third party advertiser is available to receive the MS&#39;s identity information, the SP  16  may send, at block  110 , the MS&#39;s identity information to the third party advertiser without disclosing to the third party advertiser the current physical location of the cell phone  10  being operated by the MS, thereby preventing the third party advertiser from knowing the physical location of the MS. In case of an arrangement similar to that in  FIG. 2 , the SP  16  may provide the identity information to a web advertiser (i.e., to the content server  20  operated by the web advertiser) as one or more TCP/IP data packets sent over the Internet  18 . Alternatively, the SP  16  may send MS&#39;s identity information to the third party advertiser over a phone (e.g., as a voice mail) when a telephone connection (e.g., a wireline or a wireless telephone connection) exists between the SP  16  and the third party advertiser. 
     As noted hereinbefore, the MS&#39;s identity information may include, among other things, the MS&#39;s name, gender, age, profession, education, mailing address, etc. This information may then be used by the third party advertiser to select which advertisements or messages are to be sent to the MS. However, as noted hereinbefore, the MS may request specific information (e.g., prices of stocks held by the MS) from the third party advertiser and may also instruct the SP  16  not to disclose the MS&#39;s physical location while sending the MS&#39;s identity information to the third party advertiser. Here, the third party advertiser does not need to make any decision as to which advertisements to send to the MS. Instead, the third party advertiser may simply send the requested information from the database  22 . 
     Thus, upon receiving the MS&#39;s identity information, the third party advertiser (e.g., a web advertiser) may optionally send user-specific advertisements, messages or data to the cell phone  10  as indicated by the dotted block  112 . The web advertiser may have the MS&#39;s user profile stored in the database  22  when, for example, the MS initially signed-up for user-specific message delivery service offered by the web advertiser. In the absence of a stored user profile, the content server  20  may search the database  22  with certain pre-determined criteria (e.g., age, gender, profession, etc.) present in the identity information received from the SP  16  to select appropriate advertisements or messages to be sent to the MS. For the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the third party advertiser (here, a web advertiser) may deliver advertisements or messages to the MS as TCP/IP data packets sent over the Internet  18 . In one embodiment, the third party advertiser may dial the mobile number for the cell phone  10  and deliver audio messages to the cell phone  10 . The location-blocking service may terminate at block  108  as illustrated in  FIG. 6 . 
     The third party advertiser may continue delivering user-specific messages, data or commercial advertisements in the location-blocking service illustrated in  FIG. 6  for a fixed duration (e.g., two minutes). The length of the duration may be predetermined or may vary with user traffic. Thus, if the number of users the third party advertiser has to cater to increases, the rate at which old advertisements are replaced and new advertisements are sent to the users may decrease. In one embodiment, the third party advertiser may continue delivering user-specific advertisements to the MS until the MS turns off or deactivates the cell phone  10 , or until the cell phone  10  is “disconnected” from the Internet  18 . 
       FIG. 7  illustrates an exemplary flowchart for a location-blocking service provided by an Internet or web advertiser. The web advertiser receives MS&#39;s identity information at block  114 . The web advertiser may receive this identity information in one of many ways (e.g., through purchase from the SP  16  or from any other web advertiser, or from MS when MS initially signs-up or subscribes to the location-blocking message delivery service from the web advertiser, etc.) discussed in detail hereinbefore with reference to block  88  in  FIG. 5 . Additional discussion therefore is omitted for the sake of brevity. 
     At decision block  116 , the web advertiser determines (using, e.g., the content server  20 ) whether any current location information for the MS (i.e., for the cell phone  10  operated by the MS) is available in the database  22 . The web advertiser may receive the MS&#39;s current physical location information in one or many ways (e.g., from the SP  16  on a subscription-basis, from the MS&#39;s cell phone  10 , from another web advertiser, etc.) discussed in detail hereinbefore with reference to block  86  in  FIG. 5 . Therefore, further discussion for block  116  is omitted for the sake of brevity. Similarly, detailed discussion for decision block  118  (regarding the web advertiser&#39;s determination whether one or more preferences are stored in the database  22  for the MS) is omitted in view of discussion hereinbefore with reference to block  90  in  FIG. 5 . However, it is noted that the MS may register location-specific preferences with the web advertiser. For example, the MS may prefer to receive advertisements only from boat rental companies when the MS is present at or near a beach. Thus, the MS may qualify the MS&#39;s user preferences for specific regions or locations. In this situation (i.e., when the MS is at or near a beach), the web advertiser may not send advertisements from the restaurants on the beach even if the MS generally accepts advertisements from restaurants when in other locations. 
     When the cellular phone operator&#39;s (i.e., the MS&#39;s) location information is not available with the web advertiser or when no preference for the MS is registered with the web advertiser, the web advertiser may select, at block  120 , user-specific (i.e., MS-specific) advertisements based on the identity information for the MS. Appropriate software in the content server  20  may search the database  22  to identify MS-specific advertisements. The software may use parameters such as, for example, age, employment status, gender, etc., to determine which advertisements to select from the database  22  for a given user. However, if one or more preferences for the MS are registered with the web advertiser (in, e.g., the database  22 ), then the web advertiser may select (from the database  22 ) MS-specific advertisements, messages or data based on those MS preferences as depicted by block  122 . In one embodiment, the preference-based message selection may be optional as indicated by the dotted block  122 . In other words, the web advertiser may ignore MS preferences in selecting user-specific advertisements from the database  22 . A similar discussion for location-specific advertisements based on MS&#39;s preferences is given hereinbefore with reference to block  94  in  FIG. 5 . 
     At block  124 , the web advertiser sends user-specific (i.e., MS-specific) advertisements, messages or data to the cell phone  10  without sending any indication of the MS&#39;s location therewith. The function at block  124  is similar to that described hereinbefore with reference to block  96  in  FIG. 5 , except that in the identity-blocking service depicted in  FIG. 5 , the identity information for the MS is blocked by the web advertiser instead of the location information as at block  124  in  FIG. 7 . Blocking of a cell phone operator&#39;s location information may be desirable, for example, for privacy reasons and for preventing unsolicited advertisements or messages from business establishments in the vicinity of the MS&#39;s current physical location. The web advertiser may even charge a fee to the MS for blocking MS&#39;s location information from further dissemination. The location-blocking service depicted in  FIG. 7  terminates at block  126 . 
     It is noted that the discussion given hereinbefore (with reference to  FIGS. 4 and 5 ) about user-controlled activation or deactivation of identity-blocking option (using a code or a symbol) may equally apply to the location-blocking option (i.e., to block or to allow the transmission of the user&#39;s location information) described hereinbefore with reference to  FIGS. 6 and 7 . Therefore, further elaboration of user-controlled activation or deactivation of location-blocking option for  FIGS. 6 and 7  is not provided herein. 
     In one embodiment, blocking of the MS&#39;s identity and/or location may be performed by the WAP proxy/sewer  24  instead of the SP  16 . Here, the WAP proxy/server  24  may be configured with appropriate software that can detect and block relevant information (received from the SP  16  or from the cell phone  10 ) from being transmitted to the third party advertiser. The SP  16  or the cell phone  10  may not block any MS-specific identity or location information from further transmission. Instead, the SP  16  may send an appropriate numerical code, symbol or any other indication to identify to the WAP proxy/server  24  which of the message(s) originating from the SP  16  or from the cell phone  10  contains MS&#39;s identity and/or location information. The WAP proxy/server  24  may identify the information to be blocked and prevent that information from being sent to the third party advertiser (e.g., a web advertiser). 
     It is noted that various identity-blocking and location-blocking services described hereinbefore with reference to  FIGS. 4-7  may “unblock” transmission of respective identity and/or location information when the MS dials an emergency phone number (e.g., “911”) or indicates a desire to access an emergency service provider (e.g., a fire station, a hospital or the police). For example, the SP  16  may not block the MS&#39;s identity (e.g., as shown at block  76  in  FIG. 4 ) when the MS dials “911”. Here, the SP  16  may send location as well as identity information for the MS to the emergency service provider (e.g., police) as indicated by the dialed digits (i.e., digits “9”, “1”, “1”). Similarly, the WAP proxy/server  24  or the web browser module  48  ( FIG. 3 ) may not block the MS&#39;s identity and/or location information when the MS places an emergency phone call. 
     The foregoing describes exemplary embodiments of various location-blocking and identity-blocking services that may be commercially offered by a cellular service provider or by an advertiser (e.g., a web advertiser). In the identity-blocking service, the service promoter may disclose the current physical location of a mobile subscriber (i.e., a cellular phone operator) to a third party (e.g., a web advertiser) subscribing to the identity-blocking service. However, the service promoter may not send any identity information for the mobile subscriber to the third party. On the other hand, in the location-blocking service, the service promoter may disclose the mobile subscriber&#39;s identity information to the third party, but not the current physical location of the mobile subscriber. Blocking of the mobile subscriber&#39;s identity or location information may be desirable for privacy reasons, to comply with a government regulation, or to implement a telecommunication service option selected by the mobile subscriber. Information blocks may be implemented in hardware and/or software, and at various places in a communication arrangement. However, in the case of the mobile subscriber requesting emergency help, the service promoter may not block identity and/or location information. Instead, the service promoter may send all such information to the emergency service provider (e.g., the police or a hospital). 
     While several embodiments of the invention have been described, it should be apparent, however, that various modifications, alterations and adaptations to those embodiments may occur to persons skilled in the art with the attainment of some or all of the advantages of the present invention. It is therefore intended to cover all such modifications, alterations and adaptations without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.