Abstract:
An integrated data collection system which automates the collection of timber cruise data. A navigation system is integrated with a data collection system so that real-time positional data is fed directly into the data collection system. The invention guides a forester along a pre-defined cruise route and alerts the forester when a destination point is reached. The forester is then prompted to initiate a data collection cycle. Position data, cruise grid data (such as plot number), and other information is then automatically transferred from the navigation system to the data collection system. When the forester then inputs tree data (such as height, diameter, etc.), that data is automatically linked to the positional and cruise grid data transferred from the navigation system.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention. 
     This invention relates to the field of forestry. More specifically, the invention comprises an integrated data collection system for use in sampling the timber characteristics within a predefined survey region. 
     2. Description of the Related Art. 
     Good timber management requires the periodic evaluation of the timber within a predefined region. Since a forest may contain a hundred or more trees per acre, it is impractical to measure every tree. Statistical sampling techniques have been developed to allow an accurate evaluation based on actual measurements of a small percentage of the trees. FIG. 1 shows a representative survey region  10 . A forester has created a cruise grid  12 , which may correspond to the outline of a piece of property or other factors. Cruise grid  12  has been subdivided into a series of plots  14 . Typically, 5-20 trees and other vegetative and descriptive measures are taken within each plot. These measurements represent only a small percentage of the growth within the plot. Thus, it is important to appropriately size the plots in order to obtain a statistically reliable sample. Numerous prior art techniques are used to create plots and cruise grids. Those skilled in the art will know that plots need not be rectangular. They may be circular. Thus, the plots illustrated are merely representative of the possibilities. 
     Each plot  14  contains a destination point  16 . Destination point  16  is a position at which data will be collected for a particular plot  14 . In the view as shown, each destination point  16  lies in the center of its respective plot  14 . It need not always be centered. Numerous prior art techniques are used to determine the appropriate position for a particular destination point  16 . However, simply centering the destination point within the plot is common. Data will typically be collected in a fixed radius circle proximate each destination point  16 . 
     FIG. 2 shows a plan view of cruise grid  12 . Since the forester must move between destination points—often by walking or using an ATV—it is desirable to map the shortest route which will cover all the points. One such route is shown as cruise route  20  in the view. Planning the route must often consider ingress/egress points, such as access road  18 . 
     In order to survey cruise grid  12 , a forester would move along cruise route  20 , stopping at each destination point  16 . At a particular destination point, the forester takes data samples of a specific number of trees. Data collected might include diameter, height, and some indication of overall quality. All these techniques were employed using old methods. The forester typically had a paper map. He or she would estimate distances walked or occasionally measure them using standard ropes or chains. A compass was typically used for navigation. The data collected would then be manually recorded in a notebook or similar article. It is obviously important to know the forester&#39;s position relative to the desired destination point. The manual techniques were somewhat inaccurate in this regard, but an experienced forester was able to cope well enough to produce useful results. 
     The wide availability of computer and Global Positioning System (“GPS”) technology has changed the timber cruising process. Recent GPS systems, especially those equipped with the Wide Area Augmentation System (“WAAS”) can obtain positional accuracy of about 3 meters. Such a system allows a forester to know his or her position without resorting to survey-type navigational aids. The forester can use a hand-held GPS to precisely navigate to a series of destination points within a cruise grid. 
     Portable computers have likewise replaced paper notebooks for data collection. The forester can carry one of these computers along while conducting the timber cruise. Data can then be typed into the computer and stored on a disk drive for subsequent downloading to a conventional computer. The prior art thus contemplates that a timber cruise such as the one depicted can be carried out in the following fashion: 
     1. The forester uses computer software and data links to obtain a map of the region and define the region of timber that is to be surveyed; 
     2. The forester uses computer software to divide the area into a series of plots, thereby creating a cruise grid; 
     3. The forester defines an appropriate destination point within each plot and stores the coordinates (latitude/longitude) of each such point; 
     4. The forester defines a cruise route to cover the destination points; 
     5. The forester physically goes to the scene and navigates to the first destination point using a GPS unit; 
     6. The forester collects data at the first destination point; 
     7. The forester manually enters the location of the first destination point, the plot number, other identifying information, and the tree data collected into a portable computer; and 
     8. The forester repeats this process for each destination point until the cruise route is completed. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention comprises an integrated data collection system which automates the collection of timber cruise data. A navigation system is integrated with a data collection system so that real-time positional data is fed directly into the data collection system. The invention guides a forester along a pre-defined cruise route and alerts the forester when a destination point is reached. The forester is then prompted to initiate a data collection cycle. Position data, cruise grid data (such as plot number), and other information is then automatically transferred from the navigation system to the data collection system. When the forester then inputs tree data (such as height, diameter, etc.), that data is automatically cross-linked to the positional and cruise grid data transferred from the navigation system. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is an isometric view, showing a survey region. 
     FIG. 2 is a plan view of the survey region. 
     FIG. 3 is an isometric view, showing typical hardware used by the present invention. 
     FIG. 4 is an isometric view, showing details of the hardware used by the present invention. 
    
    
     REFERENCE NUMERALS IN THE DRAWINGS 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 10 
                 survey region 
                 12 
                 cruise grid 
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 plot 
                 16 
                 destination point 
               
               
                   
                 18 
                 access road 
                 20 
                 cruise route 
               
               
                   
                 22 
                 data collection set 
                 24 
                 harness 
               
               
                   
                 26 
                 shoulder strap 
                 28 
                 GPS antenna 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 GPS unit 
                 32 
                 power supply 
               
               
                   
                 34 
                 data cable 
                 36 
                 computer 
               
               
                   
                 38 
                 display 
                 40 
                 keypad 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIGS. 1 and 2, along with the preceding descriptions, describe the general timber cruising process. FIG. 3 shows a hardware set used in the present invention. Timber cruising is typically done on a small ATV or on foot. Thus, the hardware employed must be portable. It is convenient to house the hardware in a user-wearable harness. FIG. 3 shows one such harness  24 . Harness  24  includes a belt attached to two shoulder straps  26 . The user wears the device by slipping the two shoulder straps  26  over the shoulders and fastening the belt around the waist. A buckle is provided. Adjustment features would also ordinarily be provided. These have been omitted in the view for purposes of visual clarity. 
     Data collection set  22  includes harness  24  plus the attached hardware. Power supply  32 , typically a rechargeable battery, is attached to harness  24 . An alternative would be to supply each of the components with its own power supply, but the use of a unified source simplifies recharging. 
     GPS unit  30  is also attached to harness  24 . It is electrically connected to power supply  32 . GPS antenna  28  is also connected to GPS unit  30 . This antenna, which can assume many forms known in the art, increases the accuracy of the GPS data. 
     Computer  36  is of the hand-held variety. It is connected to GPS unit  30  via data cable  34 . When not in use, computer  36  can be attached to harness  24  so that the user need not carry it. The reader should appreciate that the particular type of harness shown is merely representative. A vest can be used in the same way (such as a photographer&#39;s or hunter&#39;s vest). The components could likewise be stored in a jacket or many other types of clothing modified to suit the purpose. The term “harness” is intended to refer generally to any type of clothing that attaches to a user and supports the various components described. 
     FIG. 4 shows computer  36  in more detail. There are presently many types of hand-held, portable computers. The particular model shown runs WINDOWS/CE, a presently common operating system. A large LCD display  38  is provided. A keypad  40  is also provided. Data cable  34  attaches to a port in the upper portion of the computer, as shown. The user need not leave data cable  34  attached. It is only needed during actual operations. 
     An understanding of how the invention is used is best presented in the full context of timber cruising operations. Returning to FIG. 1, the reader will recall that a forester typically creates a cruise grid  12  before actually surveying a site. Cruise grid  12  is divided into a plurality of plots  14 , each of which contains a destination point  16 . Turning now to FIG. 2, the reader will recall that the forester defines a cruise route  20  which will efficiently pass through each of the destination points  16 . These operations are now typically done using computer software, such as SOLO (a presently available GPS/GIS example). 
     The routes and points shown in FIG. 2 can be created directly using the portable computer  36 . As an alternative, they can be created using another computer—such as a desktop—and downloaded to computer  36 . Computer  36  preferably uses a windows-style interface. Color graphical and text data are preferably displayed to the user on display  38 . Thus, once the user goes into the field, he or she can see terrain data, destination points, the cruise route, and associated textual information on display  38 . User interface devices—such as a stylus—are also provided. These allow the user to interact with the WINDOWS menus. 
     Computer  36  can also run a timber data collection package such as TCRUISE. SOLO and TCRUISE are typically run simultaneously on computer  36 . An interface module between these two pieces of software is also provided. 
     Once the user is ready to travel over the cruise route  20  shown in FIG. 2, he or she switches on all the components of data collection set  22 . Computer  36  runs both the GPS/GIS software (such as SOLO) and the timber data collection software (such as TCRUISE). For purposes of clarity, the following descriptions will refer to SOLO and TCRUISE. However, the reader should bear in mind that other GPS/GIS systems could be substituted for SOLO and other data collection systems could be substituted for TCRUISE. The user typically brings up a graphical map data on display  38 . The user then moves in the direction of the first destination point  16 . 
     Real-time positional data is fed from GPS unit  30  to computer  36 . This data is fed into the SOLO software. The user&#39;s heading, location, bearing to target, and other common navigation features are typically displayed on display  38 . One goal of the process is to collect data near each of the destination points. The user sets a tolerance distance. This distance represents the maximum error between the position where data is actually collected and the desired destination point. This tolerance distance is entered into SOLO. 
     Once the user comes within the tolerance distance from a destination point, the software causes an alert signal to be produced. The purpose of this alert signal is to inform the user that the destination point has been reached. It can be an audible signal, a visual signal (such as a flashing light or a message on display  38 ), or other conventional means of alerting a human operator. Once the signal is produced, the software asks the user whether he or she wants to collect timber data. If the user responds affirmatively, the aforementioned interface module opens TCRUISE. 
     TCRUISE provides an input screen which asks for typical timber data. The user surveys the trees within a region surrounding the destination point. A typical survey would measure all trees with in a fixed radius circle centered on the destination point. Typical values measured include tree height, diameter, product, species, and strata (an industry-specific term referring to the general quality and type of the tree). 
     The interface module automatically cross-links the data entered by the user to the positional and navigational data. As an example, when the user enters a particular plot&#39;s measurements in TCRUISE, the user&#39;s latitude, longitude, and plot number will be automatically transferred from SOLO into TCRUISE and cross-linked with the entered data. The data is often entered in a spreadsheet format. For a particular plot or point, the user might type in data as to tree species, diameters, appropriate product uses, and heights, to name a few. In the spreadsheet, the plot&#39;s latitude, longitude, and plot number would also appear. This additional data is entered into the spreadsheet automatically; i.e., the user does not have to enter it. 
     Once the survey at a specific destination point is complete, the user exits out of TCRUISE. SOLO then displays navigational information directing the user to the next destination point. The process is then repeated for each destination point. Once the cruise route is completed, the user will have compiled a large set of tree data. The present invention will have automatically cross-linked position data, plot data, and stratum data to the measurements taken. Thus, the reader will appreciate that the present invention allows the user to focus on those activities which can best be carried out by the user (tree measurement and evaluation), while automating those activities which can be carried out by the navigation system and computer. 
     The preceding description contains significant detail regarding the novel aspects of the present invention. It is should not be construed, however, as limiting the scope of the invention but rather as providing illustrations of the preferred embodiments of the invention. Thus, the scope of the invention should be fixed by the following claims, rather than by the examples given.