Abstract:
Provided is a smart garment for measuring a physiological signal which can improve comfort and convenience of wear and correctly measure a physiological signal. The smart garment for measuring physiological signals includes an electrode which is made of an electro-conductive fabric and detects a physiological signal, a physiological signal transmission line through which the detected physiological signal is transmitted, a physiological signal measuring unit which is connected to the transmission line, receives the physiological signal, and measures information regarding body conditions related to the physiological signal, and a pocket where the physiological signal measuring unit in inserted.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION 
     This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2005-0119297, filed on Dec. 8, 2005, and No. 10-2006-0018511, filed on Feb. 25, 2006, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a smart garment for measuring a physiological signal, and more particularly, to a smart garment which can improve the comfort and convenience of a user wearing it and correctly measure a physiological signal. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Recently, with the increase in the number of health-conscious people, and as the number of senior citizens living alone is rising due to an increase in since an average life expectancy, a need for developing a health monitoring system has increased. Also, public demand for acquiring biometric information in real time is growing. Accordingly, methods of measuring a physiological signal in everyday life by inserting a sensor or module for measuring the physiological signal into a normal garment are developing. 
     The following are examples of conventional garments used to measure physiological signals. First, a garment includes a wearable electrode/sensor which is selectively detachable/attachable. Specifically, a HI-MEG of Velcro co., is used to allow the electrode/sensor to be easily detached/attached, and an electro-conductive silicon is disposed on the electrode for better contact with the skin of a user and to provide conductivity. However, the garment is inconvenient to use because the electrode has to be detached/attached when the physiological signals are measured. 
     Second, a middle portion of a garment is folded so that an electrode is fixed. However, the garment has drawbacks in that the electrode may drop or slide from the skin due to motion of the user when the physiological signals are measured, and thereby be unable to correctly measure the physiological signals. 
     Third, an elastic band is used so that an electrode is fixed. In this case, while wearing the garment, a user feels less comfortable. 
     The garments in the above cases are uncomfortable to wear as a normal garment and the measured physiological signals are highly affected by motion. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a smart garment which can maximize comfort and convenience of wear and can maintain quality of a physiological signal for a correct measurement of the physiological signal. 
     According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a smart garment for measuring physiological signals, comprising: an electrode which is made of an electro-conductive fabric and detects a physiological signal; a physiological signal transmission line through which the detected physiological signal is transmitted; a physiological signal measuring unit which is connected to the transmission line, receives the physiological signal, and measures information regarding body conditions related to the physiological signal; and a pocket where the physiological signal measuring unit is inserted. 
     In addition, an adhesive silicon may be coated around the electrode to reduce a contact resistance between the electrode and skin, so as to reduce noise generated when the electrode detects the physiological signal. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a front view of a smart garment for measuring a physiological signal according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2A  is a cross-sectional view of an electrode of  FIG. 1 , which detects a physiological signal, and  FIG. 2B  is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the electrode of  FIG. 2A ; 
         FIG. 3A  is a front view of a tuck of  FIG. 1  which insulates a physiological signal transmission line, and  FIG. 3B  is a cross-sectional view of the tuck of  FIG. 3A ; 
         FIG. 4  is a plan view of a transmission line of  FIG. 1  made of an electro-conductive thread, and a connector; 
         FIG. 5  is a front view of a pocket of  FIG. 1  which is attached to an outer surface of a garment and can contain a physiological signal measuring unit; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a smart garment which is used for measuring a physiological signal and is dressed on a mannequin; and 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a way of communication between a physiological signal measuring unit and an external terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     For convenience, a technical feature of the present invention will be described in advance. In the present invention, an adhesive silicon is coated around a fabric electrode for detecting a physiological signal so that the electrode can strongly contact with skin and maintain a stable contact with the skin when a user dressed in a smart garment moves. Therefore, by reducing contact resistance between the skin and the electrode, a noise generated when the physiological signal is detected/monitored can be decreased. 
     The attached drawings for illustrating exemplary embodiments of the present invention are referred to so as to gain a sufficient understanding of the present invention, the merits thereof, and the objectives accomplished by the implementation of the present invention. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by explaining exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the attached drawings. Like reference numerals in the drawings denote like elements. 
       FIG. 1  is a front view of a smart garment for measuring a physiological signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     A smart garment  10  includes an electrode  101  which detects a physiological signal, a adhesive silicon  103  which fixes the electrode  101  to skin so it does not drop from a skin surface, a transmission line  104  which transmits the physiological signal to a physiological signal measuring unit  30 , a tuck  105  which insulates the transmission line  104  and fixes the transmission line  104  to the smart garment  10 , and a pocket  106  which can contain the physiological signal measuring unit  30 . 
       FIG. 2A  is a cross-sectional view of the electrode  101  which detects a physiological signal.  FIG. 2B  is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the electrode  101  of  FIG. 2A . 
     The electrode  101  is made of an electro-conductive fabric to detect a physiological signal, is more pleasant to touch than a knitted electrode, and is washable. The electro-conductive fabric may be made of Ni/Cu polyester, Ni/Cu polyester taffeta, Ni/Cu nylon, or Ni/Cu polyester mesh. In addition, the electro-conductive fabric may be made of a thin layer such as tin, Ag/AgCl film, or stainless steel. Although an electrolyte gel is present in most electrodes for detecting physiological signals, in the present invention, a dry electrode is formed without using an electrolyte gel. 
     A cushion sheet  102  is disposed between the garment  10  and the electrode  101 , and is pressed by the garment  10  and the electrode  101 , so that the electrode  101  can tightly contact skin. 
     The adhesive silicon  103  is coated around the electrode  101  approximately with a size of 10˜20 mm and a width of 0.5˜1 mm. Thus, the electrode  101  can be strongly attached to the skin surface, and thus the electrode  101  is less likely to drop or slide from the skin surface when motion occurs. That is, by reducing a contact resistance between the skin surface and the electrode  101 , noise generated when physiological signals are detected/monitored can be decreased. 
       FIG. 3A  is a front view of a tuck which insulates a physiological signal transmission line.  FIG. 3B  is a cross-sectional view of the tuck of  FIG. 3A . 
     The tuck  105  is formed by folding and sewing a garment  10  by around 2˜4 mm. The transmission line  104  made of an electro-conductive thread is inserted into the tuck  105 , and is insulated from outside in the form of a corded tuck. Since the tuck is sewn forming a curved line, the transmission line  104  inside the tuck can easily move along with the motion of the user without having to deform the shape of the garment  10 . 
     The tuck  105  is formed such that the transmission line  104  can be disposed in any position in the garment  10 . Although the tuck  105  is formed on a surface of the garment  10 , and the transmission line  104  which transmits physiological signal data is inserted therein in the present embodiment, when the garment  10  is made of a non-elastic material, the transmission line  104  can be re-disposed after the surface of the garment  10  is glued with an adhesive fiber material  22  by using a heat-fusion tape or adhesive used for seam sealing. 
       FIG. 4  is a plan view of the transmission line of  FIG. 1  made of an electro-conductive thread, and a connector. 
     A physiological signal detected by the electrode  101  is transmitted to the physiological signal measuring unit  30  connected to a connecter  21  by the transmission line  104  made of an electro-conductive thread. The transmission line  104  is made of an electro-conductive thread VN 12/2x275/175S produced by BEKAERT Co., of Belgium. The thread is made of tens of threads using 100% pure stainless steel a few μm in diameter. Since the thread has an extremely small electrical resistance of 0.2 ohm/cm, the thread can be used for transmitting data. Although the electro-conductive thread VN 12/2x275/175S by BEKAERT is used in the present embodiment, the transmission line  104  may be made of other flexible electro-conductive threads. 
     In addition to the tuck  105 , in order to insulate the electro-conductive line  104 , a string  22  fabricated of an insulation fiber material such as nylon or polyester is inserted inside an electro-conductive thread used as the transmission line  104 . A narrow width fabric is made of an insulation thread by inserting an end of the string having one or more threads inside the electro-conductive thread. 
     This method of insulating prevents metal from minutely dropping due to friction with a fabric material or skin caused by motion of a human body, thereby solving problems stemming from the use of metal threads. In order to attach the connector  21  which connects the narrow width fabric with the physiological signal measuring unit  30 , the electro-conductive thread constituting the narrow width fabric are spaced apart from each other by 2.54 mm. 
     To transmit a physiological signal to the physiological signal measuring unit  30  through the transmission line  104 , the connecter  21  which connects the transmission line  104  with the physiological signal measuring unit  30  is attached to an end of the transmission line  104 . The connecter  21  includes a contact which is connected to the transmission line  104  by an electro-conductive string  22  and a housing which is an external insulating material covering the contact. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , the transmission line  104  has a bulk shape because physiological signals are detected from several body portions, and are transmitted to the physiological signal measuring unit  30 . 
       FIG. 5  is a front view of a pocket of  FIG. 1  which is attached to an outer surface of a garment and can contain a physiological signal measuring unit. The physiological signal measuring unit  30  may be fixed by using an elastic fabric material, or a Velcro band  23  inside a pocket  106 . Since the physiological signal measuring unit  30  is fixed, normal motion does not affect its operation. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a smart garment which is used for measuring a physiological signal and is dressed on a mannequin. The garment does not look different from a normal dress. Furthermore, an aesthetic effect of the garment  10  can be emphasized by a curved line of the tuck  105  and by a disposition of the pocket  106 . 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a way of communication between a physiological signal measuring unit and an external terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     A physiological signal measurement data extracting unit  301  extracts analog data such as electrocardiogram, breathing, acceleration, and temperature data from a physiological signal transmitted through the transmission line  104 . Here, since the transmitted physiological signal has an extremely low amplitude, the physiological signal has to be amplified in order to be measured. For this reason, the physiological signal measurement data extracting unit  301  includes an amplifying circuit, and the analog data is extracted after the transmitted physiological signal is amplified to have a sufficient intensity to be detected. 
     The A/D converter  302  converts the extracted analog data into digital data. A body condition value calculating unit  303  calculates a body condition value (e.g. heart rate, respiratory rate, quantity of motion, distance of motion, calories, or body temperature) from the digital data, and transmits the body condition value to the external terminal by wire or wireless transmission. 
     Although it has been described that data regarding electrocardiogram, breathing, acceleration, and temperature are processed in the present invention, a circuit for detecting other physiological signals such as blood pressure and oxygen saturation may be additionally provided. When the electrocardiogram, breathing, acceleration, and temperature need to be separately monitored for a specified monitoring group, the circuit for detecting other physiological signals may be removed. 
     According to the present invention, a physiological signal can be detected by attaching an electrode to an inner surface of a normal garment, and noise that may produced due to motion of a user can be removed by coating the electrode with an adhesive silicon. In addition, a tuck is formed in the garment, a physiological signal transmission line is inserted therein, and the tuck is sewn forming a curved line so that the transmission line with non-elongation can cope with elongation and bending of the garment, thereby achieving a wearable garment. In addition, the transmission line is insulated by using an insulation thread, to transmit the physiological signal in a safe manner. 
     An apparatus combined with a garment for detecting a physiological signal and wirelessly transmitting data of a measured physiological signal can monitor the physiological signal while an electrode can maintain a stable contact with skin in everyday life. As a result, the physiological signal can be monitored for a long time, and thus a current health condition can be checked and stored in a database, thereby achieving systematical health management and disease protection. In addition, changes in the physiological signal can be analyzed according to an exercise load, so that athletes can improve their athletic ability. Furthermore, workers exposed to highly dangerous conditions, for example, firefighters, policemen, and military personnel, may wear the garment so that emergency situations can be monitored for saving a life. 
     While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The exemplary embodiments should be considered in descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Therefore, the scope of the invention is defined not by the detailed description of the invention but by the appended claims, and all differences within the scope will be construed as being included in the present invention.