Abstract:
Presented herein are systems and methods for integrating secure identification logic into cell phones. A registration is received, wherein said registration includes an identifier identifying a mobile terminal. Information is transmitted to the mobile terminal, wherein a password is a function of the information.

Description:
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   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   Passwords are a commonly practiced security measure that prevents unauthorized users from accessing computer systems as well as identifying authorized users during an access. However, unauthorized users have used a variety of measures to ascertain the passwords of authorized users. 
   Once an unauthorized user has obtained an authorized user&#39;s password, the unauthorized user can access the computer system in the same manner as the authorized user. Often times, the unauthorized user accesses the computer system for malicious purposes. The activity of the unauthorized user is generally not detected until significant damage or disruptions have occurred. 
   Requiring authorized users to change their passwords at regular intervals can curtail, at least to some extent, the activities of unauthorized users. However, the regular interval time period is usually several weeks or months. During this time period, an unauthorized user can cause significant damage and disruption. Even if the user changes password daily, it could still not be effective to inhibit unauthorized user to do significant damage and disruption for that duration. 
   As a result, some computer systems use a time varying randomly generated password for each authorized user. The administrator of the computer system provides each authorized user with a device. The device includes a pseudo-random number generator that generates a code at relatively short time intervals, such as every minute. The computer system is also equipped to determine the pseudo-random number at a given time. When the authorized user seeks to access the computer system, the authorized user uses the code generated and displayed by the device as the password. 
   The foregoing provides for quickly changing passwords that are valid for short times. Accordingly, even if an unauthorized user does obtain a password, the password is valid for a very short time period. This significantly curtails the damage that an unauthorized user can do. 
   One of the well known disadvantages is associated with providing such device to an authorized user. Given the global reach of the internet, in many cases the device has to be delivered to the user via courier or mail. This can delay initial access by authorized users by several days. Additionally, when sending the device by mail, it is possible for an unauthorized user to intercept the device. 
   Further limitations and disadvantages of convention and traditional approaches will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art through comparison of such systems with the present invention as set forth in the remainder of the present application with reference to the drawings. 
   BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   Presented herein are systems and methods for integrating secure identification logic into mobile communication devices. 
   In one embodiment, there is presented a method for providing a password. The method comprises receiving a registration, wherein said registration includes a phone number associated with a mobile terminal; and transmitting information to the mobile terminal, the password being a function of the information. 
   In another embodiment, there is presented a mobile terminal comprising a transceiver, a pseudo-random number generator, a controller, and an output. The transceiver receives a seed from the remote communication device. The pseudo-random number generator generates pseudo-random numbers at regular time intervals based on the seed. The controller provides the seed to the pseudo-random number generator. The output provides passwords based on the pseudo-random numbers at regular time intervals. 
   In another embodiment, there is presented a communication system comprising a first node and a second node. The first node receives a seed. The second node transmits the seed, that is into a pseudo-random number generator at a predetermined mobile terminal over a paging channel. 
   These and other advantages and novel features of the present invention, as well as details of an illustrated embodiment thereof, will be more fully understood from the following description and drawings. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a communication system for configuring a mobile terminal to provide a time varying random password in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an exemplary Global System for Mobile Communication Public Land Mobile Network that can be used in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary mobile terminal in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 4  is a signal flow diagram for configuring a mobile terminal to provide a time varying random password in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and 
       FIG. 5  is a signal flow diagram for configuring a mobile terminal to provide a time varying random password in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   Referring now to  FIG. 1 , there is illustrated a block diagram of an exemplary communication system for configuring a mobile terminal to provide a time varying random password in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The system includes a computer network  100  and a wireless phone network  150 . 
   The communication system includes a server  105  that is accessible over a network  100  by a client terminal  115 . The network  110  can comprise any combination of a variety of communication media, such as, but not limited to, the internet, the public switched telephone network, a local area network (LAN), and a wide area network (WAN). 
   The server  105  may provide access to a database storing sensitive information or the like, or allow individuals to perform various transactions. Accordingly, it is important to control access to the server  105 . As a result, the server  105  requires a password from the client terminal  115  that validates the identity of the user at the client terminal  115 . 
   However, unauthorized users have been known to use a variety of measures to obtain the password of an authorized user. With the password, the unauthorized user often proceeds to access the server  105  for malicious purposes. 
   To curtail this, the server  105  uses a time-varying pseudo-random password. A pseudo-random number generation algorithm generates the time-varying pseudo-random password at relatively short intervals, such as every minute or even less depending on the granularity required for the desired password security. Accordingly, even if an unauthorized user succeeds in obtaining an authorized user&#39;s password, the password is only valid for the remainder of the short interval. 
   The pseudo-random number generation algorithm can be implemented at the server  105  in one of a number of ways. For example, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) can also be incorporated into the server  105  that continuously runs the pseudo-random number generation algorithm. Alternatively, the pseudo-random number generation algorithm can be incorporated as software at the server  105 . 
   The authorized user receives the time varying pseudo-random password from a mobile terminal  120 . The logic that implements the pseudo-random number generation algorithm is integrated into the mobile terminal  120 . This logic could either be an ASIC or a part of an ASIC present in the mobile terminal  120  or part of a software program running at the mobile terminal  120 . The mobile terminal  120  displays the current time-varying pseudo-random password on its display screen. Therefore, when an authorized user seeks access to the server  105 , via client  115 , the authorized user provides the time-varying pseudo-random password displayed by the mobile terminal  120 . The server  105  then compares the time-varying pseudo-random password provided by the authorized user to the pseudo-random number generated by the pseudo-random number generation algorithm at the server  105 . The server  105  allows access, if there is a exact match. 
   In order for the pseudo-random number generation algorithm at the server  105  to provide the same pseudo-random numbers as the mobile terminal  120  at the same times, the pseudo-random number generation algorithms are the same and synchronized. 
   The pseudo-random number generation algorithm requires an input called ‘seed’ to generate the pseudo-random numbers. The seed can be provided by an external source to the pseudo-random number generation algorithm. The pseudo-random number generation algorithm generates the first pseudo-random number from that seed, then generates the second pseudo-random number from the first pseudo-random number thereafter, etc. 
   As can be seen, the sequence of pseudo-random numbers generated by the pseudo-random number generation algorithm is dependent on the seed. Additionally, different seeds to the same pseudo-random number generation algorithms result in different sequences of pseudo-random numbers. In fact, the same pseudo-random number generation algorithm can provide different time-varying pseudo-random passwords to any number of users, by assigning each user with a different seed. In order to ensure uniqueness of the sequence of pseudo-random numbers to each user, the size of the pseudo-random number generated also plays a significant role. 
   When a user at the client terminal  115  initially registers to access the server  105 , the registration can include either a phone number or any other identification number associated with the user&#39;s mobile terminal  120 . The server  105  can select a seed for the user. As an added security measure, the server  105  can select the seed based on the time of registration. The server  105  can then use a terminal  125  with access to a cellular phone network  130 . The terminal  125  transmits the seed to the mobile terminal  120  using the cellular phone network  130 . The terminal  125  can access the cellular phone network  130 , either directly, or via a public switched telephone network. 
   For example, in one embodiment, the terminal  125  establishes a phone call to the mobile terminal  120 . When the phone call is established, the terminal  125  can transmit audible signals over the cellular phone network  130  representing the seed. The mobile terminal  120  can accordingly, load the seed into the pseudo-random number generator at a predetermined time in synchronization with the server  105 . The predetermined time is preferably proximate to the time of transmission, such as at the next minute interval, taking into consideration the path delay time of communication from server  105  to mobile terminal  120 . 
   In another embodiment, the terminal  125  can cause the cellular phone network  130  to transmit control signals indicating the seed to the mobile terminal  120 . The mobile terminal  120  can accordingly load the seed into the pseudo-random number generator at a predetermined time in synchronization with the server  105 . 
   The cellular phone network  130  can comprise a variety of wireless telecommunications networks, such as, but not limited to, the Global System for Mobile (GSM) Communications, or the Personal Communication Services (PCS) network, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network, IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN network, Bluetooth network etc. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 2  there is illustrated a block diagram of a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)  210 . The PMLN  210  is composed of a plurality of areas  212 , each with a node known as a Mobile Switching Center (MSC)  214  and an integrated Visitor Location Register (VLR)  216  therein. The MSC/VLR areas  212 , in turn, include a plurality of Location Areas (LA)  218 , which are defined as that part of a given MSC/VLR area  212  in which a mobile terminal  120  may move freely without having to send update location information to the MSC/VLR area  212  that controls the LA  218 . Each Location Area  212  is divided into a number of cells  222 . The mobile terminal  120  is the physical equipment, e.g., a car phone or other portable phone, used by mobile subscribers to communicate with the cellular network  210 , each other, and users outside the subscribed network, both wireline and wireless. 
   The MSC  214  is in communication with at least one Base Station Controller (BSC)  223 , which, in turn, is in contact with at least one Base Transceiver Station (BTS)  224 . The BTS is a node comprising the physical equipment, illustrated for simplicity as a radio tower, that provides radio coverage to the geographical part of the cell  222  for which it is responsible. It should be understood that the BSC  223  may be connected to several base transceiver stations  224 , and may be implemented as a stand-alone node or integrated with the MSC  214 . In either event, the BSC  223  and BTS  224  components, as a whole, are generally referred to as a Base Station System (BSS)  225 . At least one of the MSCs  214  are connected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). 
   The PLMN Service Area or wireless network  210  includes a Home Location Register (HLR)  226 , which is a database maintaining all subscriber information, e.g., user profiles, current location information, International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) numbers, and other administrative information. The HLR  226  may be co-located with a given MSC  214 , integrated with the MSC  214 , or alternatively can service multiple MSCs  214 , the latter of which is illustrated in  FIG. 2 . 
   The VLR  216  is a database containing information about all of the mobile terminals  120  currently located within the MSC/VLR area  212 . If a mobile terminal  120  roams into a new MSC/VLR area  212 , the VLR  216  connected to that MSC  214  will request data about that mobile terminal  120  from the HLR database  226  (simultaneously informing the HLR  226  about the current location of the mobile terminal  120 ). Accordingly, if the user of the mobile terminal  120  then wants to make a call, the local VLR  216  will have the requisite identification information without having to re-interrogate the HLR  226 . In the afore-described manner, the VLR and HLR databases  216  and  226 , respectively, contain various subscriber information associated with a given mobile terminal  120 . 
   In one embodiment, the terminal  125  can establish a phone call with the mobile terminal  120  over the GSM PLMN  210 , either directly or via the PSTN. Upon establishing the phone call, the terminal  125  transmits audio signals to the mobile terminal  120  causing the mobile terminal  120  to load a particular seed to the pseudo-random number generator. Alternatively, the terminal  125  can cause one of the MSCs  214  to transmit a control signal, via a base station  224  to the mobile terminal  120 , causing the mobile terminal  120  to load a particular seed to the pseudo-random number generator. These are few of the many possible techniques of loading the seed to the psuedo-random number generation logic in the mobile terminal  120 . 
   Transmitting the seed during an established call can be facilitated by the establishment of a predetermined communication protocol for secured communication between the terminal  125  and the mobile terminal  120 . Such predetermined protocol can include transmission of an arbitrary control signal indicating to the mobile terminal  120  that the seed will be transmitted subsequently. Upon receipt of the foregoing arbitrary control signal, the mobile terminal  120  prepares to receive the seed and loads the seed into the pseudo-random number generator. The communication between terminal  125  and mobile terminal  120  can be made secured by employing secured communication protocols such as but not limited to, the protocols using digital certificates like Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol etc. 
   Transmitting a control signal from a particular one of the MSCs  214  to the mobile terminal  120  may be facilitated by adapting the preexisting protocol to define commands that cause the mobile terminal  120  to load a particular seed to a pseudo-random number generator incorporated therein. For example, the MSC  214  can transmit a command to load a seed at a particular predetermined time, along with the seed, to the mobile terminal  120  over a paging channel. For added security, a secure paging channel can be used. Upon receiving the foregoing signal, the mobile terminal  120  loads the seed into the pseudo-random number generator at the predetermined time. After receiving the seed, the mobile terminal  120  can transmit an acknowledgement to the MSC  214  using a random access channel. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 3 , there is illustrated a block diagram describing an exemplary mobile terminal  120  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. For purposes of clarity, the block diagram is not intended as an exhaustive illustration, and certain components may be omitted. 
   The mobile terminal  120  comprises a controller  305 , non-volatile memory  307 , a keypad  310 , a transceiver  315 , a speaker  317 , a microphone  318 , an output such as a visual screen  320  or interface port  321 , and a pseudo-random number generator  325 . The pseudo-random number generator  325  generates a pseudo-random number at regular intervals that are controlled by a system clock  330 . The controller  305  causes the current time varying pseudo-random password to be displayed on the screen  320 . 
   The time varying pseudo-random password can be the pseudo-random number generated by the pseudo-random number generator  325 . Alternatively, the time varying pseudo-random password  305  can be derived from the pseudo-random number generated from the pseudo-random number generator  325 . For example, in cases where the pseudo-random number is lengthy, the controller  305  may truncate a portion of the pseudo-random number or perform other types of mathematical operations for reducing its length. 
   The time-varying pseudo-random password as well as a user identification can be provided in a variety of ways. In one embodiment, the time varying pseudo-random password can be output to the interface port  321 . The interface port  321  can be connected to a computer such as the client terminal  115 . Connecting the interface port  321  to the client terminal  115  ca cause the time varying pseudo-random password to be displayed on a screen associated with the client terminal  115 . In another embodiment, the time-varying pseudo-random password can continuously be displayed on the screen  320 . In another embodiment, the user may request the current time-varying pseudo-random password using the keypad  310  with the assistance of a graphical user interface provided on the screen  320 . 
   The pseudo-random number generator  325  can comprise, for example, a circuit, such as a linear feedback shift register (LFSR), that generates pseudo-random numbers. Alternatively, the pseudo-random number generator can be implemented by a processor executing a set of instructions, wherein execution of the sets of instructions causes implementation of the pseudo-random number generation algorithm. 
   Additionally, there can be varying levels of integration between the pseudo-random number generator  325  and the controller  305 . For example, the controller  305  and the pseudo-random number generator  325  can be separate integrated circuits that are fused together at board level. Alternatively, the controller  305  and the pseudo-random number generator  325  can be integrated together in an integrated circuit. 
   As noted above, the seed for the pseudo-random number generator  325  is provided by the cellular phone network  130 . The mobile terminal  120  receives radio signal from the cellular phone network  130  via the transceiver  315 . Various demodulation, signal processing and deciphering can be performed to recover the seed. 
   The mobile terminal  120  generally operates in one of two modes—a paging mode and an active mode. Generally, the paging mode is associated with the times that the mobile terminal  120  is not engaged in a phone call, while the active mode is associated with the times that the mobile terminal  120  is engaged in a phone call. 
   During the paging mode, the mobile terminal  120  scans a paging channel at regular time intervals for any communications from the cellular phone network  130 . The communications can include for example, a request for a phone connection, a time indicator, quality of service signaling, and roaming notifications, just to name a few. 
   The paging channel is made secured by employing security protocols based on Public Key Cryptography technique. The example of such protocols are TLS, SSL etc. These protocols exchange digital certificates for authentication, and at the end of the authentication process a unique session key is derived which is used to encrypt the seed at the transmitter end and decrypt the seed at the mobile terminal  120 . 
   In one embodiment of the present invention, a command is defined and an MSC  214  transmits the command, a seed, and a time over the paging channel to the mobile terminal  120 . Receipt of the command by the mobile terminal  120  causes the mobile terminal  120  to load the seed into the pseudo-random number generator  325  at the provided time. Additionally, the mobile terminal  120  transmits an acknowledgment via the transceiver  315 . 
   Accordingly, the non-volatile memory  307  can include instructions for detecting and performing the foregoing actions responsive to receiving the command. The foregoing instructions can be incorporated as part of a paging mode program. 
   In another mode, receipt of the command by the mobile terminal  120  can cause an interrupt in the paging mode program. The interrupt handler for the interrupt can cause the seed to be loaded into the pseudo-random number generator  325  at the provided time. 
   In another embodiment, the mobile terminal  120  can receive the seed during establishment of a phone call from the cellular phone network  130 . As noted above, a predetermined communication protocol for communication between the terminal  125  and the mobile terminal  120  can include transmission of an arbitrary control signal indicating to the mobile terminal  120  that the seed will be transmitted subsequently. The non-volatile memory  307  can include instructions for detecting the arbitrary control signal and acting on the arbitrary control signal. Upon detecting the arbitrary control signal, the mobile terminal  120  prepares to receive the seed and a time. Upon receiving the seed and the time, the mobile terminal  120  loads the seed into the pseudo-random number generator  325  at the given time. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 4 , there is illustrated a signal flow diagram for providing a seed and time to a pseudo-random number generator in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. During the initial registration (signal  405 ), the user provides the phone number associated with their mobile terminal. Responsive thereto, the server  105  allocates a seed for the user and determines a synchronization time. 
   The server  105 , via the terminal  125  transmits the phone number, a seed, and a synchronization time (signal  410 ) over the cellular phone network  130 . The infrastructure of the cellular phone network  130  identifies and locates the mobile terminal  120  associated with the phone number, and routes the phone number, seed and synchronization time to an MSC  214  in proximity to the mobile terminal  214 . The MSC  214  causes a base station to transmit the seed and the synchronization time and a command to load the seed at the synchronization time (signal  415 ) to the mobile terminal  120  using a paging channel. 
   Upon receipt of the seed and the synchronization time, the mobile terminal  120  sends an acknowledgement (signal  420 ) to the MSC  214  using a random access channel, that is relayed back to the server  105 . The mobile terminal  120  waits for the synchronization time ( 425 ). At the synchronization time, the mobile terminal  120  and the server  105  load the seed into their respective pseudo-random number generators ( 430 ). 
   After the seed is loaded into the pseudo-random number generator, the mobile terminal  120  screen can display a time varying pseudo-random password. An authorized user at client terminal  115  establishes a client server connection by providing the time varying pseudo-random password (signal  435 ) displayed on the mobile terminal  120  screen. The server  105  compares ( 440 ) the password received from the client terminal  115  to a pseudo-random number generator at the server  105 . If the foregoing match, the server grants access (signal  445 ) to the client terminal  115 . 
   Referring now to  FIG. 5 , there is illustrated a signal flow diagram for providing a seed and time to a pseudo-random number generator in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. During the initial registration (signal  505 ), the user provides the phone number associated with their mobile terminal. Responsive thereto, the server  105  allocates a seed for the user and determines a synchronization time. 
   The server  105  via terminal  125  requests an outgoing phone call (signal  510 ) to the phone number provided during the registration. The infrastructure of the cellular phone network  130  identifies and locates the mobile terminal  120  associated with the phone number. An MSC  214  in proximity to the mobile terminal  214  pages (signal  515 ) the mobile terminal  120  using a paging channel. 
   Upon receiving the page, the mobile terminal  120  alerts the user to answer the call. Upon the user&#39;s answer, a phone call is established between the server  105 /terminal  125  and the mobile terminal  120 . The server  105 /terminal  125  transmits audio signals indicating a command (signal  525 ) to load the subsequent seed at the indicated time (signal  530 ). 
   The mobile terminal  120  waits ( 535 ) until the provided synchronization time  535  and loads ( 540 ) the seed into the pseudo-random number generator. Likewise the server  105  loads ( 540 ) the seed into a pseudo-random number generator, thereat. 
   After the seed is loaded into the pseudo-random number generator, the mobile terminal  120  screen can display a time varying pseudo-random password. An authorized user at client terminal  115  establishes a client server connection by providing the time varying pseudo-random password (signal  545 ) displayed on the mobile terminal  120  screen. The server  105  compares ( 550 ) the password received from the client terminal  115  to a pseudo-random number generator at the server  105 . If the foregoing match, the server grants access (signal  555 ) to the client terminal  115 . 
   While the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the present invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the present invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the present invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.