Abstract:
The present invention relates to a solution for handling customer activity when connecting to a wireless communication network and in particular for statistics of customer activity using the network. This is provided in a number of aspects such as methods, node, and system for reporting user profile statistics from deep packet inspection of data packets in a packet data network ( 100 ) to a policy and charging rules function entity ( 104 ) which in turn informs a subscriber usage profile repository ( 106 ), i.e. SUPR. The SUPR provides access to external application servers ( 108 ) to the subscriber usage profile information after access control.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a 35 U.S.C. §371 National Phase Entry Application from PCT/EP2009/062942, filed Oct. 6, 2009 (published as WO 2011042046), and designating the United States. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a solution for handling customer activity when connecting to a wireless communication network and in particular for statistics of customer activity using the network. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The use of packet based communication in wireless networks extends the use of wireless devices into packet based networks such as Internet or operator specific networks and services available in these networks. There is an interest from operators or service providers to provide increasingly better service to the users and to offer added functionality and ease the use of services and increase availability of the networks for the users. 
     With state-of-the-art technology such as Evolved Packet Core, SIM based authentication, Deep Packet Inspection and Policy and Charging Control (PCC), mobile operators can gather potentially extensive information about each subscriber, e.g. protocols they use, URI&#39;s or sites on Internet they visit, their identity. This information can with some limitations be transformed into end-user interest profiles. The mobile operator may also have other information of its subscribers, e.g. interest profiles gathered through end-user surveys or queries, which may complement in building the end-user interest profiles. 
     So far operators have been able to use the information about the usage of services to differentiate the subscriber&#39;s charging or to control the access in different ways (e.g. stop access to certain sites or services, control the bandwidth etc). 
     PCC is defined to work in this direction only. It has however been difficult to address the growing market for subscriber usage and behavior analysis and extend the business beyond traditional use cases and find new business opportunities, e.g. sell usage/behavior information to third party companies. 
     SUMMARY 
     It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide solutions that addresses these problems. 
     The solution according to the present invention enables mobile operators to take advantage of having authenticated users and being able to monitor what users do by Deep Packet Inspection (DPI). The gathered information is processed and stored in a new entity Subscriber Usage Profile Repository (SUPR), which is indexed by IMSI and currently used IP address(es). The IP address(es) in the SUPR are updated whenever changes occur from user activities, i.e. attach/detach, bearer activations/deactivations, or IP address changes for other reasons. If the user is connected to Internet via an IPv4 NAT or Firewall, the assigned public IP address and optionally port number may also be stored in the SUPR. 
     Service providers on Internet may then in real-time access the SUPR. When, for example, someone is accessing a web-server, the web-server may by using the source IP address in the HTTP-request, retrieve user profile information from the SUPR and assemble an HTTP-response with content based on the user&#39;s interest profile. This may be as simple as adding advertisements on the HTML page according to the interest of the user, or it may be any kind of personalization or content tailoring based on the user profiles. 
     An alternative for the operator to use the SUPR information, is to sell subscriber interest profiles to service providers. For example: “provide me with a list of persons (name, address, email address) which have accessed any of these 10 motor-web-sites on Internet the last 6 months”. The provisioning of the information may be manual and offline, but it may also be automated and provided to the service provider in a similar way as for the real-time alternative above, e.g. XML based request/response to the SUPR server. 
     The mobile operator may then charge service providers for the information they have received. This is a new revenue stream for the mobile operator which may increase the ARPU even for “bit pipe providers”. 
     The revenue for a specific user is also to some extent related to total bandwidth used by the user. That is, a user consuming more bandwidth is likely to visit more web-sites on Internet and hence may give the mobile operator a bigger income from usage profiles. 
     In short, thanks to the possibility of selling usage profiles, even for a mobile broadband subscriber paying a flat monthly fee−higher usage=higher revenue! 
     This is provided in a number of aspects in which a first is a method in a core part of a wireless communication network. The method comprises the steps of:
         receiving user statistics from deep packet inspection;   storing user information comprising user statistics together with user identity information;   receiving a request from an application server, relating to an IP address and requesting user information; and   providing at least part of stored user information to the application server.       

     The method may further comprise the steps of:
         receiving an attachment request from a user equipment, i.e. UE, and assigning at least one IP address to the UE;   updating a policy and charging rules function, i.e. PCRF, with at least one IP address assigned for the UE;   updating a subscriber usage profile repository, i.e. SUPR, with information relating to the UE;   enabling deep packet inspection of data relating to the UE and assigned IP address and retrieving user statistics using a Policy and Charging Enforcement Function, i.e. PCEF;   reporting user statistics information to the PCRF;   forwarding user statistics information to the SUPR;   providing user information deducible from the user statistics information and/or the user identity information to at least one application server requesting such information; and   storing identity information relating to application servers.       

     The user statistics may comprise at least one of visited URI&#39;s by the UE, application used by the UE, protocols used by the UE, and type of services used by the UE. The SUPR may store information related to an identifiable UE. The deducible user information may be provided in an XML format. A network address translation unit provides information about relation between public and private IP addresses to the SUPR. 
     The method may further comprise a step of authenticating the application server before providing user information to the application server. The method may further comprise a step of updating the PCRF and SUPR if IP address is changed for the UE. The method may further comprise a step of handling multiple IP addresses. 
     Another aspect of the present invention is provided, a node in wireless communications network. The node comprising a processor, a computer readable storage medium, and a communication interface. The processor may be arranged to execute instructions sets stored in the storage medium, using the communication interface, for:
         receiving an attachment request from a user equipment, i.e. UE, and assigning at least one IP address to the UE;   updating a policy and charging rules function, i.e. PCRF, with at least one IP address assigned for the UE;   updating a subscriber usage profile repository, i.e. SUPR, with information relating to the UE;   enabling deep packet inspection of data relating to the UE and assigned IP address and retrieving user statistics using a Policy and Charging Enforcement Function, i.e. PCEF;   reporting user statistics information to the PCRF;   forwarding user statistics information to the SUPR;   providing user information deducible from the user statistics information and/or the user identity information to application servers requesting such information; and   storing identity information relating to application servers.       

     Yet another aspect of the present invention is provided, a business method related to a communications network. The business method may comprise the steps of:
         storing user information relating to an identifiable user and user usage profile;   receiving a request relating to the user information from an external application server comprising an IP address;   providing at least past of the user information to the external application; and   charging for the providing of the user information.       

     The business method may further comprise a step of comparing user ID connected to IP address with recent requests. 
     Still another aspect of the present invention is provided, a core network in a wireless communication network. The core network may comprise a gateway and a policy and charging rules function entity. The gateway may be arranged to provide communicative connection with a user equipment, i.e. UE, to provide access to a packet data network for the UE, provide deep packet inspection, i.e. DPI, of data packets passing through the gateway, determine user statistics from the DPI, and provide user statistics to the policy and charging rules function entity, i.e. PCRF. The network may further comprise a subscriber usage profile repository receiving user statistics information from the PCRF and providing access to the subscriber usage information to application servers requesting such information. The gateway may be one of a PGW or a GGSN and the network may further comprise at least one of network address translation entity and/or firewall. 
     The invention enables mobile operators to take advantage of having authenticated users and being able to monitor what users do by Deep Packet Inspection (DPI). A new revenue stream can be created by offering this information in form of user interest profiles and/or user identities to third party enterprises. The third party enterprise retrieves this information in real time using the IP address of the user. 
     The invention may increase the market potential for CPG&#39;s equipped with the proposed functionality. It may also increase the potential for Fixed Mobile Convergence and using DPI enabled GWs also for fixed accesses. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the following the invention will be described in a non-limiting way and in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the enclosed drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates schematically a network according to the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates schematically a method according to the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates schematically in a block diagram a device according to the present invention; and 
         FIG. 4  illustrates schematically in a signaling diagram an overall process according to the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In  FIG. 1  reference numeral  100  denotes a core network configuration according to the present invention. The network comprises a gateway  103 , e.g. a Packet Data Network GW (PGW) connected to a Policy and Charging Rules function (PCRF) entity  104 . The gateway is also connected to an access network  102  in turn communicating wirelessly  110  with user equipment  101 . Furthermore, the network comprises a Subscription Profile Repository (SPR)  105  and a Subscriber Usage Profile Repository (SUPR)  106 . Both the SPR and the SUPR are connected to the PCRF and furthermore connected to each other. Both the PGW and the SUPR are connected to a packet data network  107  (PDN), e.g. Internet. Optionally a Network Address Translation (NAT) entity  111  is located between the PGW and the PDN. It should be noted that the core network  100  comprise further nodes not shown such as support gateway, e.g. SGSN, mobility node, e.g. Mobility Management Entity (MME), and so on. Furthermore, routers, switches, cabling, and other network communication enabling devices are used to maintain physical links between nodes in the network(s). A firewall (FW)  112  may be located between the SUPR and the PDN in order to provide a secure location of the SUPR. Application Servers (APS)  108  may be connected to the PDN and provide services to UEs connected to the PDN via the access network. 
     In the present invention it is provided a solution for handling user statistics and providing information about these statistics to application servers connected to the PDN. The process according to the present invention may be described as follows with reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 : 
       201 . A new user attaches to the mobile operators network and one or more IP addresses are assigned to the UE. The PCRF is updated with the assigned IP address(es) as part of the ‘Create IP-CAN Session’ or ‘IP-CAN Session Modification’. The SUPR is immediately updated by the PCRF when it becomes aware of any changes of IP addresses for the UE. For operators assigning IPv4 addresses to their subscribers, but not using public IPv4 addresses, a NAT or Firewall doing address translations may be placed at the boarder to Internet. The NAT/Firewall would then update the SUPR each time a mapping is created or deleted between private and public IPv4 addresses. The IPv4 port number may also be part of and significant in this mapping and updated to the SUPR. 
       202 . Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) is enabled for configured PDNs, e.g. Internet. A Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) in the PGW has an extended function for collecting usage statistics e.g. URI&#39;s, sites visited on Internet, protocols used, or anything else that can be deduced from inspecting the IP packets generated by the user, and associated to a specific interest. The usage statistics is reported over a suitable interface, e.g. an extended Gx interface  113 , to the PCRF, which forwards the information to the SUPR together with the IMSI for subscriber identity. The information in processed and stored in the SUPR as ‘user profiles’, searchable by the users currently used IP address(es), and for convenient use by service provider&#39;s application servers on Internet. 
       203 . The UE starts to access a web-server on Internet; the web-server where the provider has an agreement with one or more mobile operators. From the source IP address in the HTTP-request the web-server knows which and if the request originates from a mobile operator which it has an agreement on user profiles with. 
       204 . If a web-server receives a request from an IP address belonging to an operator with which the web-server company has an agreement, a ‘user profile request’ is sent to the SUPR server of that operator. Parameters in the request include user identity of the web-server company and its password according to business agreement between the Service Provider and the Mobile Operator. Parameters may also include parameters which indicate different levels of requested information, different interest areas etc, e.g. user profiles of “type A” or “type B” or with/without the users identity (MSISDN, Name, Address, e-mail address etc). A ‘user profile response’ is returned to the web-server with requested information if any information was found. The information is preferably provided on XML-format. The SUPR-node maintains charging information what profiles have been provided to the service provider for later charging of the service provider. 
       205 . The web-server receives the user profiles and uses the information to process the HTTP-request and assemble an HTML page which is returned to the UE in a HTTP-response. Advertisement targeting the users special interest may e.g. be included in the HTML-page. If requested and received, the web-server may also use the identity of the user of its web-site for any later relational marketing campaigns or any statistical purposes. 
     Regularly, e.g. on a monthly basis, the mobile operator bills the service providers it has agreements with. 
     The user interest profiles that are stored in the SUPR, does in this description above originate from DPI. However they may also originate from customer inquiries, i.e. forms directly filled in by subscribers. The identity information such as name, address, e-mail address, phone numbers, etc, should originate from the subscription information the mobile operator has from each subscriber. 
       FIG. 3  shows a node in the infrastructure network operating parts of the method according to the present invention. This node may be for instance a gateway node, e.g. PGW or GGSN. The node comprises a processing unit  301 , e.g. a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP), arranged to execute instruction sets stored in a memory unit  302  of volatile and/or non-volatile type. The memory unit is arranged as a computer readable storage medium. Furthermore, the node comprises at least one communication interface  304  and optionally a user interface  303 . The instruction sets are configured to execute parts of the method of the present invention and the role of the node is shown in relation to  FIG. 2  but will also be described in relation to  FIG. 4  below. It should be appreciated that alternatively the processing unit may be arranged to execute hardware instructions sets: the processing unit may be an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or similar device. 
       FIG. 4  shows an example of the signaling process for a UE attaching to the network, the core network monitoring with DPI the activities of the UE, and providing information to Application Server(s) located on the PDN. The UE and PGW communicate bearer establishment messages  401 , via the access network. The PGW in turn transmits  402  IP-CAN Session establishment communications to the PCRF with IMSI and IP address information; the PCRF in turn forwards  403  this information to the SUPR. The SUPR communicates a Subscriber Info Request  404  with the Subscriber database (SPR) with information relating to IMSI; the SPR in turn responds with a Subscriber Info Response  405  with information relating to at least one of IMSI, MSISDN, name, address, email address, phone number, user provided interest profile, user statistics profile, and any other information that may be of interest. 
     The setup part is now basically done and the session continues with user plane traffic  406  between the UE and the PDN via the PGW and optionally via a NAT and/or FW. If NAT is used, triggered by IP packets sent from the UE, mapping update  407  may be performed; e.g. mapping private IP address with public IP address and port number. 
     During the IP session the PGW continually obtains statistics of the user activity through DPI and transmits  408  repeatedly  410  to the PCRF which in turn updates  409  the SUPR with relevant information. 
     When a UE makes a request  411  to an application server (APS), e.g. a HTTP request or similar, the APS may make a user profile request  412  to the SUPR and if the APS is allowed to connect to the SUPR, the SUPR may respond  413  with a user profile response comprising user profile information and the APS may respond  414  to the UE request in accordance with the user profile information. 
     If the IP session is timed out or the public/private IP address of the UE is changed a mapping update  415  may be performed. If a time out event triggers a mapping update, the mapping of the private to public IP address/port number is removed. The SUPR may optionally hold a register with historical mappings for some time in order to being able to control if a user re-attaches shortly in time. This may be useful for instance if the APS is charged for information relating to a UE; if the UE re-attaches shortly in time, the APS may not be interested in being charged again since this may be seen as a double charging of the information. If the UE is located in an environment with less optimal connection quality, the connection may be renewed quite often and thus possibly given new IP addresses often. 
     If the UE or core/access network actively terminates the connection, bearer termination communications  416  will be exchanged between the UE and PGW. The PGW will send a message indication IP-CAN session termination  417  to the PCRF which in turn will inform  418  the SUPR about this together with information of IMSI and IP address. 
     It should be noted that the word “comprising” does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps than those listed and the words “a” or “an” preceding an element do not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. It should further be noted that any reference signs do not limit the scope of the claims, that the invention may be at least in part implemented by means of both hardware and software, and that several “means” or “units” may be represented by the same item of hardware. 
     The above mentioned and described embodiments are only given as examples and should not be limiting to the present invention. Other solutions, uses, objectives, and functions within the scope of the invention as claimed in the below described patent claims should be apparent for the person skilled in the art. 
     ABBREVIATIONS 
     
         
         DPI Deep Packet Inspection 
         EPC Evolved Packet Core 
         GW GateWay 
         HTML HyperText Markup Language 
         HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol 
         IP Internet Protocol 
         IP-CAN Internet Protocol Connectivity Access Network 
         MS Mobile Station 
         PCC Policy and Charging Control 
         PCEF Policy Control Enforcement Function 
         PCRF Policy Control Rules Function 
         PDN Packet Data Network 
         PDN-GW Packet Data Network Gateway 
         PGW Packet Data Network Gateway 
         SPR Subscription Profile Repository 
         SUPR Subscriber Usage Profile Repository 
         UE User Equipment 
         URI Uniform Resource Identifier, e.g. URL: Uniform Resource Locator 
         XML eXtensible Markup Language