Abstract:
The claimed invention provides an apparatus and system for mounting a wheelchair arm pad to a wheelchair that provides a high degree of support and adjustability such that it can be used with wheelchairs from a wide variety of different manufacturers. In order to provide this custom fit, the claimed invention provides for a single point mounting system having elevation, articulation, depth, and width adjustability.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates generally to wheelchairs and more specifically to adjustable wheelchair arm pads. In even more detail, the present invention relates to an apparatus and system for mounting a wheelchair arm pad to the horizontal or vertical tube of a wheelchair armrest that provides adjustability in four dimensions. The mounting apparatus and system of the present invention is also adjustable so as to precisely fit a wide variety of existing wheelchairs. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    People using a wheelchair are affected by many conditions including cerebral palsy, quadriplegia, paraplegia, stroke, kyphosis, scoliosis, old age, multiple sclerosis and head injuries, among other debilitating physical conditions. These individuals often suffer from edema (pooling of fluid in areas of poor vascular flow), loss of memory, subluxation of the shoulder, trunk control, limited range of motion, and many safety concerns. 
         [0003]    One of the most common complaints of wheelchair occupants is that of pain that is directly related to their use of a wheelchair. Unfortunately, at least some of the problems faced by wheelchair users are further exacerbated by the failure of current designs of wheelchair armrest pads and armrest pad systems to properly position a wheelchair occupant. An armrest pad that can be adjusted to meet the individual needs of people that have a variety of disabilities is needed. 
         [0004]    For example, some stroke patients need to have an armrest pad adjusted to maintain the correct pressure on the shoulder joint to prevent subluxation of the humeral head, which can lead to irreversible damage and shoulder pain. Stroke patients may need their arm to be in their field of view as a cognitive reminder of its existence, which can help prevent them from hitting their arm on door frames or from falling into the wheels of a wheelchair. Depending on the user&#39;s post-stroke stage, whether flaccid or spastic, a properly adjusted armrest will help maintain shoulder integrity and prevent the spine from flexing laterally by compensating for loss of righting muscles. 
         [0005]    Proper arm support also improves shoulder girdle stability. Stability of the shoulder girdle allows for an upright trunk which facilitates an upright and vertical head position. Armrests can help many cerebral palsy patients and others without trunk and head control perform activities of daily living. For example, it is very difficult to maintain one&#39;s head in the correct position, as it is a large mass connected with a series of intricate structural and muscular systems. When a person has any type of structural, muscular or nervous system disability, frequently, proper head position is difficult to maintain, which can cause further health problems. Maintaining proper shoulder girdle alignment is the first step to maintaining proper head alignment. 
         [0006]    Proper positioning of an armrest can also help maintain upper extremity range of motion and prevent contracture. Many quadriplegic, paraplegic, and other disabled patients may have limited or no use of their arms and shoulders. An armrest can help prevent contracture, that is, prevent the muscles in the arm and hand from contracting. It is imperative to treat patients at risk of contracture early and to maintain a regimented schedule of therapy. Once the arm is in contracture, it is difficult to restore the arm to a “normal” position. 
         [0007]    An additional problem exists relative to hand position. An open hand position is important for two reasons: hygiene and protection of the hand muscle and tissue. If the hand is permitted to close, it will often overheat and cause other hygiene issues. Additionally, it is difficult for care givers to open and clean a hand in contracture. Further, when the hand is closed tightly, finger nails will often dig into the palm thereby damaging or degrading the muscle and or tissue in the palm. Contracture and an open hand position can be controlled when the arm is properly positioned with an armrest. 
         [0008]    Yet another problem is edema, which is pooling of the fluid in the body, often as a result of surgery or trauma. Elevating the hand above the elbow can help prevent fluid build up. However, effective edema prevention requires elevation of the entire extremity above the heart. Simply elevating the hand provides only temporary protection. In such cases, the fluid will most likely remain in the arm, not the hand, where circulation is typically better. 
         [0009]    An additional problem users face is that of safety. Door frames and other obstacles can pose significant hazards to wheelchair users who are unable to move their arms out of harm&#39;s way during wheelchair movement. 
         [0010]    A further problem with current wheelchair armrest systems is the variability between commercially available wheelchairs. In particular, the armrest tubes of the wheelchair, often differ in configuration between wheelchairs. Specifically, in the inventor&#39;s experience, the diameter of the wheelchair armrest tubes may vary from between ⅝″ to 1.0″. 
         [0011]    Problems with existing armrests also include excessive stack height between the wheelchair armrest tube and the armrest pad. As the armrest tube height is a fixed distance, increasing that height of the armrest tube by adding a bulky mechanism increases the stack height, which, for smaller users, can raise the armrest beyond a useable range. Additionally, if the armrest hardware elevates the pad, it may push the shoulder girdle out of alignment causing structural asymmetries and potential loss of head and trunk control. 
         [0012]    Another problem with existing armrests is the location of the axis of rotation. The axis of rotation for the elevating and articulating functions should be anatomically correct, that is, variable to accommodate the various users of wheelchairs to prevent unwanted side effects during the treatment process. 
         [0013]    Accordingly, what is required is an arm pad and mounting apparatus that can elevate the hand about the elbow axis, articulate about the humerus axis, slide forward to accommodate varying chest trunk thicknesses, and adjust to accommodate varying chest trunk widths. The arm pad and mounting apparatus should be adjustable while the user is seated and from the outside of the wheelchair, thereby helping to protect the patient by reducing transfers into and out of the wheelchair. Providing for adjustability while the user is seated also expedites the fitting process and allows the therapist to spend more time fine tuning the fit. 
         [0014]    Further requirements include a wheelchair armrest and mounting apparatus that is adaptable to wheelchairs having an armrest tube, having a wide variety of different diameters configurations. There is also a need to provide a wheelchair arm mounting apparatus and system that provides a wide variety of adjustability so that it can fit all shapes and sizes of people. Lastly, such an armrest mounting apparatus must help accommodate patients with a wide variety of disabilities. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0015]    The claimed invention provides an apparatus and system for mounting a wheelchair armrest that provides a high degree of support and adjustability such that it can be used with wheelchairs from a wide variety of different manufacturers. This adjustability is also beneficial to the occupant of the wheelchair, as the adjustability can provide a wide variety of people with a more custom fit. In order to provide this custom fit, the claimed invention provides for elevation, articulation, depth, and width adjustability. 
         [0016]    The claimed mounting device and system also provides for an effective single point mounting system. Therefore, the mounting device of the present invention provides a high degree of adjustability with respect to the angle that it can be inclined or declined with respect to prior systems. Additionally, use of a single point mounting system is particularly important with wheelchairs having short armrests and other designs as it allows for a single assembly to fit the majority of wheelchair styles. 
         [0017]    The foregoing and other features of the device and system of the present invention will be apparent from the description that follows. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0018]      FIG. 1  is an exploded view of the apparatus for mounting a wheelchair arm pad. 
           [0019]      FIG. 2A  is a top plan view of the armrest back clamp. 
           [0020]      FIG. 2B  is a side elevational view of the armrest back clamp. 
           [0021]      FIG. 3A  is a bottom plan view of the armrest clamp. 
           [0022]      FIG. 3B  is a side elevational view of the armrest clamp. 
           [0023]      FIG. 3C  is a side and top perspective view of the armrest clamp. 
           [0024]      FIG. 4A  is a perspective view showing the inside of the depth adjustment bracket. 
           [0025]      FIG. 4B  is an elevational view showing the inside of the depth adjustment bracket. 
           [0026]      FIG. 5A  is a side elevational view of the angle adjustment base. 
           [0027]      FIG. 5B  is a perspective view of the inside face of the angle adjustment base. 
           [0028]      FIG. 6A  is a top and side perspective view of the angle adjustment bracket. 
           [0029]      FIG. 7  is a top and side elevational view of the sliding nut used to attach the depth adjustment bracket to the angle adjustment base. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0030]    Now referring to the drawings in detail wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout,  FIG. 1  shows an exploded view of the armrest pad  9  and the armrest attachment hardware  1  used to attach the armrest pad  9  to the wheelchair armrest tube  3 . 
         [0031]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , the armrest hardware  1  is attached to the wheelchair armrest tube  3  via an armrest clamp back  11  and an armrest clamp  21 . As seen in more detail in  FIG. 2 , the armrest back clamp  11  has a radius surface  13  and a pair of apertures  15  through the armrest back clamp  11  on either side of the radius surface  13 . 
         [0032]    The armrest back clamp  11  mates with the armrest clamp  21  which is shown in more detail in  FIG. 3 . The armrest clamp  21  has a radius surface  23  that is similar to the radius surface  13  of the armrest clamp  11 . On either side of the radius surface  23  are threaded apertures  25 . Bolts  17 , preferably socket head screws, are inserted through the apertures  13  in the armrest back clamp  11  and into the threaded apertures  25  of the armrest clamp  21  and tightened to clamp the armrest back clamp  11  to the armrest clamp  21  around a wheelchair armrest tube  3 . The armrest hardware  1  can be moved along the armrest tube  3  to obtain a proper fit for the wheelchair occupant. 
         [0033]    Referring again to  FIG. 3 , the armrest clamp  21  has a geared face  29  generally opposite the radius surface  23  and a central aperture  27 . The geared face  29  of the armrest clamp  21  is attached to the geared face  49  of the depth adjustment bracket  41 . As seen in  FIG. 1 , the geared face  29  of the armrest clamp  21  is attached to the geared face  49  of the depth adjustment bracket  41  using a toggle assembly  51 . The toggle assembly  51  comprises a nut  53  and washer  55  used to secure the geared face  29  of the armrest clamp  21  to the geared face  49  of the depth adjustment bracket  41  by inserting the threaded stud  57  of the toggle assembly  51  through the aperture  47  in the geared face  49  of the depth adjustment bracket  41  and the aperture  27  in the geared face  29  of the armrest clamp  21 . A spring  59  is used to bias the geared face  29  of the armrest clamp  21  away from the geared face  49  of the depth adjustment bracket  41 . The toggle assembly  51  then provides a toggle  63  that, when disengaged, permits the spring  59  to bias the geared face  49  of the depth adjustment bracket  41  away from the geared face  29  of the armrest clamp  21  such that the angle of the depth adjustment bracket  41  can be changed relative to the wheelchair armrest tube  3 , such as when it is desired to elevate the hand of a wheelchair occupant. Engaging the toggle switch  63  operates a cam  65 , as shown in  FIG. 1 , in the toggle to effectively secure the depth adjustment bracket  41  to the armrest clamp  21  at the appropriate angle. 
         [0034]    In order to accommodate the various wheelchairs on the market, many of which have varying diameter armrest tubes, the radius surface  13  of the armrest back clamp and the radius surface  23  of the armrest clamp  21  are designed with a “double hump” fixture that permits variance in the size of the wheelchair armrest tube  3 . 
         [0035]    As shown in  FIG. 4 , the depth adjustment bracket  41  is provided primarily to accommodate individuals of varying trunk sizes so that the armrest  9  can be positioned precisely for a particular user. As shown in more detail in  FIG. 4 , the geared face  49  of the depth adjustment bracket  41  gives way to a depth adjustment section  43  having a depth adjustment slot  45 . 
         [0036]    An angle adjustment base  81  is attached to the depth adjustment bracket  41  via sliding nut  71 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , and in more detail in  FIG. 7  the sliding nut  71  comprises a longitudinal ridge  73  and a threaded aperture  75 . A bolt  77  is used to secure the angle adjustment base  71  to the sliding nut  71  via an aperture  82  in the angle adjustment base  81 . Other attachment means are possible, but socket head cap screws are preferred. The longitudinal ridge  73  fits within the depth adjustment slot  45  on the depth adjustment bracket  41 . 
         [0037]    As seen in more detail in  FIG. 5 , the angle adjustment base  81  further comprises a geared face  83 , the geared face having an aperture  85  therethrough. The geared face  83  of the angle adjustment base  81  interfaces with the geared face  93  of the angle adjustment bracket  91 . As seen in more detail in  FIG. 6 , the angle adjustment bracket  91  comprises a geared face  93 , the geared face  93  having an aperture  95  therethrough. The geared face  83  of the angle adjustment base  81  is attached to the geared face  93  of the angle adjustment bracket  91  via a toggle assembly  101  comprising a toggle  103 , a threaded stud  105  attached to the toggle  103 , a washer  107  and a nut  109 . The threaded stud  105  is inserted through the aperture  85  in the angle adjustment base  81  and the aperture  95  in the angle adjustment bracket  91  and secured by the washer  107  and nut  109 . A spring  106  is provided to bias the geared face  83  of the angle adjustment base  81  away from the geared face  93  of the angle adjustment bracket  91 . As such, when the toggle  103  is engaged, it actuates the cam  111  to press the geared faces  83 ,  93  of the angle adjustment base  81  and the angle adjustment bracket  91  to secure them together at an appropriate angle. When the toggle  103  is disengaged, the spring  106  separates the geared faces  83 ,  93  enough such that angle adjustment of the armrest is possible. 
         [0038]    Users of inventions such as that claimed herein come in a wide range of shapes and sizes and adjustability is a key concern. As seen in  FIG. 6 , the angle adjustment bracket  91  provides for adjustment in an additional dimension, that is, trunk width, in the form of width adjustment slots  97 . The arm pad  9  is secured to the width adjustment slots  97  by a pair of bolts, preferably socket head cap screws (not shown), although other attachment means are possible. 
         [0039]    Although I have very specifically described the preferred embodiments of the invention herein, it is to be understood that changes can be made to the improvements disclosed without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not to be overly limited by the specification and the drawings, but is to be determined by the broadest possible interpretation of the claims.