Abstract:
A biocidal, aqueous composition for killing bacteria, spores, fungi, and viruses on nonabsorbent surfaces comprises at least one quaternary ammonium compound, at least one aliphatic dialdehyde having from two to six carbon atoms, and at least one aliphatic hydroxyl compound having form one to eight carbon atoms. 
     This sterilant is stable for weeks, is especially useful between pH 4 to 9, and may additionally comprise a chelating agent.

Description:
RELATED U.S. APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation under rule 62 of application Ser. No. 07/866,010, filed Apr. 9, 1992, now abandoned, and said application is a continuation of 758,400, Aug. 27, 1991, (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,124,359); which is a continuation-in-part of 210,626, Jun. 23, 1988 (now U.S. Pat. No. 4,923,899); which is a continuation-in-part of 139,166, Dec. 22, 1987 (now abandoned); which is a continuation of 906,557, Sep. 8, 1986 now abandoned; which is a continuation of 776,479, Sep. 16, 1985, now abandoned; which is a continuation of 692,776, Jan. 18, 1985 (now abandoned). 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a broad-spectrum biocidal composition effective for the rapid killing of a wide variety of bacteria, spores, fungi, and viruses on a wide variety of nonabsorbent surfaces such as metals, plastics, resins, woods, rubbers, ceramics, and glasses. The composition of the present invention kills so many organisms on such a wide variety of surfaces that it may be termed a sterilant. 
     Some of the articles which may be sterilized by the composition of the present invention are counters, floors, sheets, catheters, dialysis machine tubing, anesthetic breathing bags, surgical instruments, dental bite blocks, saliva-draining tubes, respirator equipment, and environmental surfaces in general. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In the past in medical and dental circles, steam sterilization or treatment with ethylene oxide in a closed apparatus have been considered ideal ways of sterilizing equipment. But for many types or parts of apparatus, steam sterilization is impractical because of the size or number of items to be sterilized. For parts of equipment which actually come in contact with the patient, such as dental bite blocks, anesthetic breathing bags, respirators, etc. it is impermissible for ethylene oxide to be used because residual trace amounts might harm the patient. 
     Hence, a stable, benign, broad-spectrum sterilant effective at a wide range of pH&#39;s is greatly desired by the medical/dental profession for environmental use, especially on nonabsorbent surfaces. 
     A disinfectant is generally considered to be an agent which destroys bacterial organisms which are growing, but not bacterial spores. Germicide and bactericide are approximately synonymous with disinfectant. An antiseptic inhibits the growth of microorganisms. A sporicide kills spores of fungi molds, and bacteria. Since spores are more resistant than bacteria, sporicides are generally considered sterilizing agents. Biocides kill all living microorganisms, hence also are sterilizing agents. A virucide kills viruses; a fungicide kills fungi. The novel sterilant of this invention kills bacteria, spores, fungi and viruses. Hence, it may be termed a biocide or a sterilant. 
     The Hamilton U.S. Pat. No. 3,208,936, discloses combining a broad range of quaternary amines as germicides and foaming agents in recirculation type toilets. 
     The Halley U.S. Pat. No. 3,785,971, is directed to a waste treatment material for a storage holding tank in which paraformaldehyde and an alkali carbonate or hydroxide are combined. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 2,998,390, granted Aug. 29, 1961 to Hamilton and U.S. Pat. No. 3,107,216, granted Oct. 15, 1963 to Hamilton, disclose a recirculating toilet fluid which contains a quaternary ammonium salt. 
     &#34;Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Germicidals. Nonacylated Quaternary Ammonium Salts Derived from Aliphatic Amines,&#34; Shelton, R. S. et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 68, pp. 753-55 (1946), reported that alkyl quaternary ammonium salts have germicidal powers and N-benzyl substitutes do not affect this germical activity. 
     It was reported in Gardner, J. Disinfection, Sterilization &amp; Preservation, p. 900, S. S. Block, ed., Lea &amp; Febiger, 2nd ed. (1977) to include chelating agents with phenols and certain quaternary ammonium salts for enhanced activity against Gram-negative bacteria. 
     The Schattner U.S. Pat. No. 4,103,001 discloses an aqueous mixture of phenol, sodium tetraborate, and sodium phenate solution to which is added aqueous glutaraldehyde in order to kill some bacteria and bacterial spores. This mixture cannot be used against fungi or viruses. 
     The Stonehill U.S. Pat. No. 3,282,775 discloses a mixture of dialdehydes and a cationic surface active agent, plus a lower alcohol, which kills four spore-forming bacteria, but not fungi or viruses. 
     The Pepper U.S. Pat. No. 3,016,328 discloses that simple dialdehydes plus a lower alkanol to the extent of about 60 to 70% and an alkalinizing agent to yield a pH range of about 8 to 9.5 kill four spore-forming bacteria, two of which are the same as in U.S. Pat. No. 3,282,775. 
     Borick, et al in the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 53, No. 10 at p. 1273 disclose that glutaraldehyde alkalinized with sodium bicarbonate kills eight nonspore-forming bacteria, four spore-forming bacteria, one fungus, and nine viruses, but that this alkaline solution was stable only for about two weeks. 
     French Patent 2,321,300 discloses that a mixture of aldehyde and quaternary ammonium compound has antiseptic properties by reducing the growth of five bacteria of interest to the food industry. 
     British Patent 1,443,786 discloses that a mixture of glutaraldehyde, a lower alcohol, and a highly ionizable salt at acidic pH ranges kills four sporulating bacteria by ion-exchange with the calcium in the walls of the bacterial spores. 
     The Wagner U.S. Pat. No. 4,107,312 discloses a disinfectant mixture of a strong formaldehyde solution, plus minor amounts of glyoxal and glutaraldehyde, plus a quaternary ammonium salt, methanol to stabilize the formaldehyde, a nonionic wetting agent, optionally some alcohol or glycol, and a scent, all at a neutral pH in order to avoid corrosion of aluminum toilets (or minimize corrosion of magnesium toilets) in aircraft. 
     The Mandt U.S. Pat. No 4,444,785 discloses a disinfecting solution for soft contact lenses against two nonsporulating bacteria comprising a very low concentration of 1,5 pentanedial at neutral pH compatible with the human eye. 
     The Schaeufele U.S. Pat. No. 4,320,147 discloses a germicidal composition comprising quaternary ammonium chlorides, plus builder salts, which are useful for disinfection against bacteria. 
     Canadian Patent No. 1,154,555 discloses a bactericide composition containing formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and a quaternary ammonium ingredient. 
     French Patent No. 2,145,444 discloses a bactericide composition containing formaldehyde and a quaternary ammonium compound. 
     The Lockwood U.S. Pat. No. 3,505,690 relates to a disinfectant dispersing system. 
     The Buchalter U.S. Pat. No. 3,983,252 discloses a chemical disinfecting composition comprising a dialdehyde and an alkali metal salt of a hydrocarbon carboxylic acid and optionally an alcohol. 
     The Goldhaft U.S. Pat. No. 4,022,911 discloses a disinfectant composition comprising three essential active ingredients, namely a dimethyl quaternary ammonium halide salt, a phenol or derivative thereof, and formaldehyde. 
     Oshchepkova and Kochkin in the Proceedings of the First All-Union Conference on Biocorrosion, Biodamage, and Marine Encrustation (1975), C.A.91:69799p report that a mixture of organotin fumarates or acryloyloxy stannate mixed with N-alkyl pyridinium salts or tetraalkylammonium salts protect wood samples in water from two common bacteria - A. niger and P. purpureum. 
     OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of this invention to provide a stable, benign, nonodorous, solution which kills a broad-spectrum of bacteria, spores, fungi, and viruses rapidly at a wide range of pH. 
     It is a further object of this invention to provide a broad-spectrum sterilant which will remain an active solution for at least several weeks. 
     It is yet another object of this invention to provide a sterilant which is effective on hard, nonabsorbent, &#34;environmental&#34; surfaces such as anesthetic breathing bags, dialysis tubing, respirators, dental bite blocks, saliva-draining tubes, and the like for which sterilization by steam or ethylene oxide is either impractical or physiologically disfavored. 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a sterilant composition effective for killing rapidly individual microorganisms or a combination of several different kinds of microorganisms, such as bacteria, spores, fungi and/or viruses. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide a sterilant for a wide variety of hard surfaces such as metals, plastics, resins, rubbers, ceramics, and glasses. 
     Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a sterilant which is effective in the presence of high concentrations of blood, sputum, feces, urine, vomitus, and other animal exudates. 
     Other objects of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Surprisingly, a broad-spectrum sterilant capable of rapidly killing bacteria, sporulating bacteria, spores, fungi, and viruses can be achieved by combining in an aqueous solution an effective amount of at least one quaternary ammonium compound, at least one aliphatic dialdehyde having from two to six carbon atoms, and at least one aliphatic hydroxyl compound having from one to eight carbon atoms. 
     Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the novel sterilant on &#34;hard&#34; or &#34;environmental&#34; surfaces (nonabsorbing) such as medical or dental equipment for which previously steam sterilization or treatment with ethylene oxide were employed. 
     The sterilant of the present invention relates to a liquid composition which is effective for rapidly killing at least one microorganism or any combination of two or more different microorganisms such as bacteria, spores, fungi and viruses. 
     For still another aspect of the invention, the novel sterilant is employed over a wide range of pH and is stable for several weeks after having been compounded. 
     Yet another aspect of the present invention arises from its efficacy in the presence of high concentrations of blood, sputum, urine, feces, vomitus or other bodily liquids or suspensions. 
     A further aspect of the present invention is its efficacy in sterilizing hard surfaces of metals, plastics, rubbers, resins, wood, ceramics, or glasses. 
     A typical embodiment of the invention comprises: 
     
         ______________________________________Component               Weight %______________________________________Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride                   0.1Cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide                   0.1Glutaraldehyde          2.6Isopropyl alcohol       0.2Propylene glycol        0.16Sodium nitrite          0.11Tetrasodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate                   0.015Water                   balance______________________________________ 
    
     Processes for employing these sterilant compositions are also disclosed herein. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     As discussed above, the prior art discloses individual compounds or mixtures of compounds which kill or inhibit the growth of a narrow range of organisms such as some bacteria, spores, fungi, or viruses. The synergistic combination of the seven components of the present invention unexpectedly kills all types of the names organisms, hence it is a sterilant. Among the classes of organisms killed by the composition of the present invention alone or admixed together are Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, algae, protozoa, Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria, fungi, and many types of viruses. 
     Among the many typos of viruses killed by the composition of the present invention are: orbiviruses, orthomyxoviruses, papovaviruses, paramyxoviruses, parvoviruses, picornaviruses, poxviruses, coronaviruses, flaviviruses, herpesviruses, adenoviruses, arenaviruses, bunyaviridae, caliciviruses, reoviruses, retioviruses, rhabdoviruses, rotaviruses, togaviruses, and various unclassified viruses, plus plant viruses. 
     In addition to the bacteria, spores, protozoa, algae, fungi, and viruses categorized above, the composition of the present invention can kill alone or in combination with the other organisms typified above various miscellaneous organisms from the Chlamydia Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, Rochalimaea, Wolbachia, and Thai tick typhus. 
     It is to be emphasized that the composition of the present invention is a sterilant which can kill any or all of the types of organisms described here alone or in any combination. 
     At the end of the Examples of this specification and before the claims, several hundred representative specific organisms are listed in Tables I to VII on which the synergistic composition of the present invention is effective. 
     The cationic, quaternary salts useful in the present invention may contain either or both of aliphatic and aromatic moieties. Although quaternary ammonium salts are preferred, cationic phosphonium, or sulfonium, or any other positive nonmetallic nuclei may be selected. Some of the aliphatic or alicyclic substituents for the quaternary ions are alkyl groups containing one to 30 carbon atoms both linear and branched, alkoxy groups also containing one to 30 carbon atoms both linear and branched, alicyclic groups such as cyclohexyl and its alkylated or alkyloxylated derivatives, and halogenated alkyl, halogenated alicyclic, or halogenated alkyloxy derivatives. 
     Aromatic moieties, which may themselves be substituted by aliphatic, alicyclic, alkyloxy groups, useful as substituents for the quaternary cationic salts of the present invention are benzyl, tolyl, xylyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, benzal, quinolyl and the like. 
     More specifically, some aliphatic quaternary ammonium salts which are useful in the present invention are: tetramethyl ammonium halide, trimethylethyl ammonium halide, dimethyldiethyl ammonium halide, methyltriethyl ammonium halide, tetraethyl ammonium halide, cetyldimethylethyl ammonium halide, trimethyln-propyl ammonium halide, dimethyldin-propyl ammonium halide, methyltrin-propyl ammonium halide, tetran-propyl ammonium halide, methylethyln-propyln-butyl ammonium halide, ethyln-propyln-pentyl ammonium halide, trimethylallyl ammonium halide, dimethyldiallyl ammonium halide, methyltriallyl ammonium halide, tetraallyl ammonium halide, N,N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;,N&#39;-hexaethyl-1,2-ethylene diammoniumhalide, N,N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;,N&#39;-hexaethyl-1,4-butylenediammonium halide, N,N,N&#39;-dibenzyl-N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;, tetramethyl-1,2-ethylene diammonium halide, N,N&#39;-di(4-chlorobenzyl)-N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;-tetramethyl-1,2-ethylene diammoniumhalide, N,N,N&#39;-tetraethyl-N,n&#34;-dioctadecyl-1,2-ethylene diammonium halide, N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;-tetraethyl-N,N&#39;-dihexadecyl-1,4-butylene diammonium halide, octadecyltrimethyl ammonium halide, dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium halide, trioctadecylmethyl ammonium halide tetraoctadecyl ammonium halide, hexadecyltriethyl ammonium halide, hexadecyldimethylethyl ammonium halide, hexadecyldiethylmethyl ammonium halide, didecyldioctyl ammonium halide, didecyldihexyl ammonium halide, and hexyloctyldecyldodecyl ammonium halide. 
     Some representative useful quaternary ammonium salts containing an aromatic moiety include: benzylodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, o-tolyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, m-tolyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, p-tolyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2,3-xylyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2,4-xylydodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2,5-xylyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3,4-xylyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3,5-xylyldodecyldimethyl ammoniuim halide, 2-chlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3-chlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 4-chlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2,3-dichlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2,4-dichlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2,5-dichlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2,6-dichlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3,4-dichlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3,5-dichlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2-nitrobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3-nitrobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 4-nitrobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2,4-dinitrobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3,5-dinitrobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2-sulfobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3-sulfobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 4-sulfobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2-carboxybenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3-carboxybenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 4-carboxybenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, benzylhexyldimethyl ammonium halide, benzyloctyldimethyl ammonium halide, benzyldecyldimethyl ammonium halide, benzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, benzyltetradecyldimethyl ammonium halide, benzylhexadecyldimethyl ammonium halide, benzyloctadecyldimethyl ammonium halide. 
     Some representative, useful quaternary ammonium salts containing heterocyclic, aromatic moieties include: n-hexylpyridinium halide, n-octylpyridinium halide, n-decylpyridinium halide, n-dodecylpyridinium halide, n-tetradecylpyridinium halide, n-hexadecylpyridinium halide, n-hexyllutidinium halide, n-octyllutidinium halide, n-decyllutidinium halide, n-dodecyllutidinium halide, n-tetradecyllutidinium halide, n-hexadecyllutidinium halide, n-hexylpicolinium halide, n-octylpicolinium halide, n-decylpicolinium halide, n-dodecylpicolinium halide, n-tetradecylpicolinium halide, n-hexadecylpicolinium halide, n-hexylquinolinium halide, n-octylquinolinium halide, n-decylquinolinium halide, n-dodecylquinolinium halide, n-tetradecylquinolinium halide, n-hexadecylquinolinium halide, n-hexylisoquinolinium halide, n-octylisoquinolinium halide, n-decylisoquinolinium halide, n-dodecylisoquinolinium halide, n-tetradecylisoquinolinium halide, n-hexadecylisoquinolinium halide, n-hexylquinazolinium halide, n-octylquinazolinium halide, n-decylquinazolinium halide, n-dodecylquinazolinium halide, n-tetradecylquinazolinium halide, n-hexadecylquinazolinium halide, n-hexylquinoxalinium halide, n-octylquinoxalinium halide, n-decylquinoxalinium halide, n-dodecylquinoxalinium halide, n-tetradecylquinoxalinium halide, n-hexadecylquinoxalinium halide, n-hexylpyridopyridinium halide, n-octylpyridopyridinium halide, n-decylpyridopyridinium halide, n-dodecylpyridopyridinium halide, n-tetradecylpyridopyridininum halide, and n-hexadecylpyridopyridinium halide. 
     The preferred counter ions for the quaternary cationic salts are halides, especially chloride and bromide. Particularly useful for practicing the present invention are alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chlorides, wherein the alkyl groups contain between 10 and 18 carbon atoms, and cetyldimethylethyl ammonium bromide. The useful range of quaternary cationic salts in an effective amount of sterilant is from about 0.05% to 3% in actual use by weight. 
     Other counter ions, anions, useful in the practice of the present invention to neutralize the positive charge of the ammonium, phosphonium, sulfonium, or other positive moieties can be found in the following list bicarbonate, bisulfite, fluoride, borate, carbonate, nitrite, nitrate, phosphite, phosphate, sulfite, sulfate, chloride, hypochlorite, chlorite, chlorate, perchlorate, hydroxide, fluoborate, iodide, iodate, periodate, and bromate. 
     The solubility of the various solutes in the novel sterilant of the instant invention is improved by using small amounts of alkanols having from one to six carbon atoms and/or glycols having from two to four carbon atoms. These alkanols and glycols also have concomitant and peripheral biocidal effect. Especially useful alkanols are methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol. Especially useful polyols are glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, as well as glycerine. In the diluted solution for actual use, the effective amount for the alkanol is from about 0.1% to 3% by weight, and the effective amount for the polyol or glycol is from about 0.1% to 3% by weight. 
     Other alcohols having eight or less carbon atoms useful in the practice of the present invention are: 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, 2-methyl-3-butanol, 2-methyl-4-butanol, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol, 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, 2,2-dimethyl-3-butanol, 2,2-dimethyl-4-butanol, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butanol, 2-methyl-l-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-methyl-3-pentanol, 2-methyl-4-pentanol, 2-methyl-5-pentanol, 3-methyl-1-pentanol, 3-methyl-2-pentanol, 3-methyl-3-pentanol, 2,2-diethyl-1-ethanol, 1-heptanol, 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 4-heptanol, 2,2,3-trimethyl-3-butanol, 2,3-dimethyl-3-pentanol, 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol, 3-ethyl-1-pentanol, 3-ethyl-2-pentanol, 3-ethyl-3-pentanol, 4-ethyl-1-pentanol, 4-ethyl-2-pentanol, 4-ethyl-3-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-hexanol, 2-methyl-2-hexanol, 2-methyl-3-hexanol, 2-methyl-4-hexanol, 3-methyl-1-hexanol, 4-methyl-1-hexanol, 5-methyl-1-hexanol, 3-methyl-2-hexanol, 4-methyl-2-hexanol, 3-methyl-3-hexanol, 3-methyl-4-hexanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 3-octanol, 4-octanol, 2-methyl-1-heptanol, 3-methyl-1-heptanol, 4-methyl-1-heptanol, 5-methyl-1-heptanol, 5-methyl-1-heptanol, 6-methyl-1-heptanol, 2-methyl-2-heptanol, 3-methyl-2-heptanol, 4-methyl-2-heptanol, 5-methyl-2-heptanol, 6-methyl-2-heptanol, 2-methyl-3-heptanol, 3-methyl-3-heptanol, 4-methyl-3-heptanol, 5-methyl-3-heptanol, 6-methyl-3-heptanol, 2-methyl-4-heptanol, 3-methyl-4-heptanol, 4-methyl-4-heptanol, 5-methyl-4-heptanol, 6-methyl-4heptanol, 2,2-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 3,3-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 4,4-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 5,5 -dimethyl-1-hexanol, 2,3-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 2,4-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 2,5-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 3,4-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 3-ethyl-1-hexanol, 4-ethyl-1-hexanol, and 5-ethyl-1-hexanol. 
     Other glycols having eight or less carbon atoms useful in the practice of the present invention are: 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol, 2,methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,3-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-1,2-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-2,3-butanediol, 2-methyl-3,4-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,3-hexanediol, 1,4-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-methyl-1,2-pentanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-pentanediol, 2-methyl-1,4-pentanediol, 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2,3-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2,3-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-3,4-pentanediol, 2-methyl-3,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-4,5-pentanediol, 2,3-dimethyl-1,2-butanediol, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butanediol, 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-butanediol, 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol. 
     Certain salts with anions at less than full oxidation state, such as nitrite, bisulfite, or chlorite, may be optionally employed in the novel sterilant solution of the instant invention to prevent corrosion, as well as for their biocidal activity. 
     Also useful in the practice of the present invention are cations wherein the metal oxidation state is lower than its chemically possible maximum. 
     Some useful compounds with less than full oxidation states are found in the following salts first some with reduced anions and then some salts with less oxidized cations, as follows: sodium phosphite, sodium sulfite, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, sodium chlorate, sodium selenite, sodium arsenite, sodium hypobromite, sodium bromite, sodium bromate, sodium stannite, sodium antimonite, sodium tellurite, sodium ferrocyanide, sodium manganite, sodium manganate, potassium phosphite, potassium, sulfite, potassium hypochorite, potassium chlorite, potassium chlorate, potassium selenite, potassium arsenite, potassium hypobromite, potassium bromite, potassium bromate, potassium stannite, potassium antimonite, potassium tellurite, potassium ferrocyanide, potassium manganite, potassium manganate, lithium phosphite, lithium sulfite, lithium hypochlorite, lithium chlorite, lithium chlorate, lithium selenite, lithium arsenite, lithium hypobromite, lithium bromite, lithium bromate, lithium stannite, lithium antimonite, lithium antimonite, lithium tellurite, lithium ferrocyanide, lithium manganite, lithium manganate, rubidium nitrite, rubidium phosphate, rubidium sulfite, rubidium hypochlorite, rubidium chlorite, rubidium chlorate, rubidium selenite, rubidium arsenite, rubidium hypobromite, rubidium bromite, rubidium bromate, rubidium stannite, rubidium antimonite, rubidium tellurite, rubidium ferrocyanide, rubidium manganite, rubidium manganate, cesium nitrite, cesium phosphite, cesium sulfite, cesium hypochlorite, cesium chlorite, cesium chlorate, cesium selenite, cesium arsenite, cesium hypobromite, cesium bromite, cesium bromate, cesium stannite, cesium antimonite, cesium telurite, cessium ferrocyanide, cesium manganite, cesium manganate, ferrous ferrocyanide, ferrous ferricyanide, cuprous chloride, ferrous phosphate, stannous chloride, ferrous sulfate, manganous sulfate, plumbous sulfate, and chromous chloride. 
     Particularly useful are sodium, potassium, lithium, and ammonium salts of nitrite, bisulfite, and chlorite; especially useful is sodium nitrite. These optional salts may be employed in the range from 0.05% to about 2.0% by weight of the actual solution employed. 
     A chelating agent may be optionally employed in the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention from 0% to 0.025% by weight to aid in solubility of the other components, to counteract any deleterious effects from diluting concentrated commercial strengths with hard water for use, and to help break down the coatings of spores, which have a high concentration of multivalent ions. The preferred chelating agent to practice the current invention may range from 0% to 0.025% by weight and is ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Partial esters or salts of EDTA may also be used. An example of a salt of EDTA is tetrasodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate. 
     Other useful chelating agents may be found in the following acids, full salts, or partial salts of: oxalic acid, malonic acid, oxaldihydrixamic acid, diaminoglyoxime, dithiomalonic acid, glyoxime, maleic acid, fumaric acid, oxalacetic acid, diglycolic acid, tartaric acid, oxalenediuramidoxime, thiodiglycolic acid, iminodiacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, dimethylglyoxime, hydrazine-N,N&#39;-diacetic acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, 2,4-pentanedione, glutaric acid, N-methyliminodiacetic acid, glutamic acid, aconitric acid (trans), gluconic acid, 1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N&#39;-tetraacetic acid (cis&amp;trans), 1,2-ethylenediamine-N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;-tetraacetic acid, N&#39;-benzylethylene-diamine-N,N,N&#39;-triacetic acid, diethylenetriamine-N,N,N&#39;,N&#34;,N&#34;-pentaacetic acid, hexamethyldiamine-N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;-tetraacetic acid, 2,2&#34;-ethylenedioxybis(ethyliminodiacetic acid), 2,2&#39;-oxybis (propyliminodiacetic acid), triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid, 1,3,5-triaminocyclohexanehexaacetic acid, and ethyl acetoacetate. 
     A dialdehyde containing up to six carbon atoms is a component of the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention. Dialdehydes include malonaldehyde, succinaldehyde, oxaldehyde (glyoxal), adipaldehyde, and preferably glutaraldehyde. Alternatively, these compounds may be termed aliphatic dials, e.g. 1,5 pentanedial. By themselves, these compounds are effective germicides to some degree, at high pH, but they fail to have the wide breadth and speed of killing of the mixture of the current invention. This is especially true for the killing of the sporulent bacteria, where the dialdehydes alone can take up to ten hours to kill spores, and for many viruses, where dialdehydes are ineffective. In the final dilution as used, in the present invention, an effective amount of the dialdehyde is from about 0.5% to about 7% by weight. A concentration of dialdehyde of about 2.6 to 5 weight % is preferred and a concentration of dialdehyde of 3.2  weight % is especially preferred. 
     Some useful dialdehydes in the practice of the present invention are the following compounds and their mixtures: 1,2-ethanedial, 1,3-propanedial, 1,4-butanedial, 1,5-pentanedial, 2-methyl-1,4-butanedial, 2-methyl-1,3-propanedial, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanedial, 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-butanedial, 2,2-dimethyl-1,4-butanedial, 1,6 hexanedial, 2-methyl-1,5-pentanedial, 3-methyl-1,5pentanedial, 2-ethyl-1,3-propanedial, and 2-n-propyl-1,3-propanedial. Some examples of heterocyclic dialdehydes are furan-2,5-dialdehyde, furan-3,4-dialdehyde, thiophene-2,5-dialdehyde, thiophene-3,4-dialdehyde, pyrrole-2,5-dialdehyde, pyrrole-3,4-dialdehyde, imidazole-4,5-dialdehyde, pyrazole-3,4-dialdehyde, 1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dialdehyde, pyrazine-2,3-dialdehyde, pyrimidine-4,5-dialdehyde, pyridazine-3,4-dialdehyde, pyridazine-4,5-dialdehyde. Aliphatic dialdehydes are preferred, but heterocyclic dialdehydes such as those named above may also be employed. 
     As a practical matter, it is preferred to produce the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention in the form of one or more concentrated solutions prior to transport and storage. The concentrations of these solutions would be 50 to 100-fold higher strength than the actual use-strengths given above. After transport and storage, the user, normally a medical or dental technician, will dilute the concentrate to produce an effective amount at the ultimate dilution and then add the dialdehyde. 
     In concentrated form, a preferred embodiment of the sterilant concentrate of the present invention would have the following approximate concentrations by weight: 
     
         ______________________________________                  Weight %______________________________________Alkyl*benzyldimethylammonium chloride                    7*50% C-12, 30% C-14, 17% C-16, 3% C-18Cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide                    7Isopropyl alcohol        14Propylene glycol         12Sodium nitrite           7EDTA                     1.5Water, balance up to 100%______________________________________ 
    
     In actual practice, the user will have prepared a desired quantity of the diluted sterilant concentrate by diluting the sterilant concentrate with distilled or tap water. This resulting solution will serve, further, as the diluent for the dialdehyde concentrate then to be added thereto. 
     The diluted sterilant solution after combination is an exceptionally broad-spectrum sterilant on a wide variety of metal, plastic, cross-linked resin, rubber, composite, coated, painted or natural wood, ceramic, or glass non-adsorbent surfaces, exemplified by but not limited to the following: stainless steels (various), steels, not stainless (various), galvanized iron, copper, brass, aluminum, chromium plated metals, tinned plating metals, enameled metals, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylics, polyacetals, nylons, &#34;epoxy resin&#34;-coated wood, polyurethane-coated wood, alkyd resin painted wood, alkyd resin-coated metal, oil-based painted wood, phenol-formaldehyde resin laminates (&#34;Formica&#34; type), polyvinyl chloride-based furniture surfaces (&#34;Naugahyde&#34; type), gum rubber surgical/dental adjuncts (dental dam, tubing, catheters, gloves), hard rubber devices (bite blocks), water-based, latex-painted wood, glazed porcelain and other ceramics and various types of glass such as lime, flint, and borosilicates. 
     The present invention will now be described by reference to the following examples, which are not to be deemed limitative of the present invention in any manner thereof. 
     EXAMPLE A 
     This example illustrates the preparation of an effective sterilizing amount of a final user solution of the sterilant composition of the invention. 
     A 15 ml ampule of the above sterilant concentrate was diluted with distiled water to a final volume of 1 liter. This was a dilution ratio of about 66.7:1. To this solution was added 50 ml of an aqueous 50% by weight solution of glutaraldehyde concentrate. On a weight basis, the concentration of glutaraldehyde will be about 2.6% in the final user solution. 
     Thus in the final user solution, the concentrations of the various components in the diluted sterilant will be as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________                 Wt. %______________________________________Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride                   0.1Cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide                   0.1Isopropyl alcohol       0.2Propylene glycol        0.16Sodium nitrite          0.1EDTA                    0.02Dialdehyde, esp. glutaraldehyde                   2.6Water                   balance______________________________________ 
    
     The diluted sterilant composition of the present invention may be employed over a wide, useful pH range from about pH 4 to about pH 9. The preferred range for use is from about pH 5 to about pH 8. This is in marked contrast to the use of alkalinized dialdehydes alone, which are effective only from about pH 7 to about pH 8.5. Although buffers may optionally be employed to keep the sterilant of the instant invention within a narrow pH range, no buffer is necessary to practice this invention. 
     EXAMPLE B 
     This example illustrates the preparation of an effective sterilizing amount of a final user solution of the sterilant composition of the invention. 
     A 15 ml ampule of the above sterilant concentrate was diluted with distilled water to a final volume of 750 ml. This was a dilution ratio of about 50: 1. To this solution was added 50 ml of an aqueous 50% by weight solution of glutaraldehyde concentrate. On a weight basis, the concentration of glutaraldehyde will be about 3.2% in the final user solution. 
     Thus, in the final user solution, the concentrations of the various components in the diluted sterilant will be as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________                 Wt. %______________________________________Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride                   0.15Cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide                   0.15Isopropyl alcohol       0.25Propylene glycol        0.20Sodium nitrite          0.15EDTA                    0.025Dialdehyde, esp. glutaraldehyde                   3.2Water                   balance______________________________________ 
    
     The diluted sterilant composition of the present invention may be employed over a wide, useful pH range from about pH 4 to about pH 9. The preferred range for use is from about pH to about pH 8. This is in marked contrast to the use of alkalinized dialdehydes alone, which are effective only from about pH 7 to about pH 8.5. Although buffers may optionally be employed to keep the sterilant of the instant invention within a narrow pH range, no buffer is necessary to practice this invention. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     This example illustrates the effectiveness of the sterilant composition of EXAMPLE A for nonsporulating bacteria. 
     The novel sterilant of the present invention was prepared with 400 ppm hard water as the diluent for test purposes: 
     
         ______________________________________                 Wt. %______________________________________Alkylbenzldimethylammonium chloride                   0.1Cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide                   0.1Isopropyl alcohol       0.2Propylene glycol        0.16Sodium nitrate          0.11EDTA                    0.02Glutaraldehyde          2.60Water                   balance______________________________________ 
    
     Employing the Use-Dilution Method of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) 60 ring carriers were tested on three batchs each for efficacy against the following organisms (US EPA Procedure DIS/TSS-1 and 2 of January 1982 ); Salmonella choleraesius ATCC 10708 (Gram-negative) , Staphllococcs aureus ATCC 6538 (Gram-positive), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 (Gram-positive, nosocomial pathogen). 
     All these microorganisms were killed within 10 minutes at 20 degrees C. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     This example illustrates the efficacy of the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention for killing sporulating bacteria. 
     The novel sterilant solution was prepared as in EXAMPLE 1 for testing against Gram-positive, sporulating bacteria Bacillus subtilus ATCC 19659 and Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 3584 employing US EPA Procedure DIS/TSS-9 of April 1981 (AOAC Sporicidal Test). Sixty carriers for each type of surface, porcelain penicylinders and silk suture loops, for each of three samples for each of three batches involved a total of 720 carriers. 
     As required, all microorganisms were killed on all carriers in about 5 hours, less than e hours at 20 degrees C. 
     In a similar test alkalinized glutaraldehyde can meet this standard only after 10 hours of contact. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     This example illustrates the efficacy of the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention for killing fungi and fungal spores. 
     The novel sterilant solution was prepared as in EXAMPLE 1 for testing against pathogenic fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 27289 according to the AOAC Fungicidal Test by EPA procedure DIS/TSS-6 of August 1981. For this fungus two batches were used for two samples each killing all organisms within 10 minutes at 20 degrees C. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     This example illustrates the efficacy of the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention in killing viruses, some of which none of the components of the novel sterilant can kill individually under the same conditions. 
     The novel sterilant solution was prepared as in EXAMPLE 1 for testing against the following viruses: Herpes Simplex I and II, Coxsackie virus B1, Coxsackie virus A9, Vaccinia Virus, Influenza virus A, Adenos virus II, Poliovirus I, Rhino virus, Cytomegalo virus, and Corona virus, all according to EPA procedure DIS/TSSD-7. For two batches each, four replicates were carried by ten-fold dilution and measured to three-log diminution. After incubation, the samples were recovered after adsorption time on mammalian cell monolayers. 
     The novel sterilant inactivated all the viruses within 10 minutes at 20 degrees C. It is known that alkalinized glutaraldehyde fails to inactivate at least Coxsackie virus and Poliovirus I under these conditions. 
     This example illustrates the effectiveness of the sterilant composition of EXAMPLE B for nonsporulating bacteria. 
     The novel sterilant of the present invention was prepared with 400 ppm hard water as the diluent for test purposes: 
     
         ______________________________________                 Wt. %______________________________________Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride                   0.15Cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide                   0.15Isopropyl alcohol       0.25Propylene glycol        0.20Sodium nitrite          0.15EDTA                    0.025Glutaraldehyde          3.2Water                   balance______________________________________ 
    
     Employing the Use-Dilution Method of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) 60 ring carriers were tested on three batchs each for efficacy against the following organisms (US EPA Procedure DIS/TSS-1 and 2 of January 1982 ); Salmonella choleraesius ATCC 10708 (Gram-negative), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (Gram-positive), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 (Gram-positive, nosocomial pathogen). 
     All these microorganisms were killed within 10 minutes at 20 degrees C. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     This example illustrates the efficacy of the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention for killing sporulating bacteria. 
     The novel sterilant solution was prepared as in EXAMPLE 5 for testing against Gram-positive, sporulating bacteria Bacillus subtilus ATCC 19659 and Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 3584 employing US EPA Procedure DIS/TSS-9 of April 1981 (AOAC Sporicidal Test) . Sixty carriers for each type of surface, porcelain penicylinders and silk suture loops, for each of three samples for each of three batches involved a total of 720 carriers. 
     As required, all microorganisms were killed on all carriers in about 5 hours, less than 6 hours at 20 degrees C. 
     In a similar test alkalinized glutaraldehyde can meet this standard only after 10 hours of contact. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     This example illustrates the efficacy of the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention for killing fungi and fungal spores. 
     The novel sterilant solution was prepared as in EXAMPLE 5 for testing against pathogenic fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 27289 according to the AOAC Fungicidal Test by EPA procedure DIS/TSS -6 of August 1981. For this fungus two batches were used for two samples each killing all organisms within 10 minutes at 20 degrees C. 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     This example illustrates the efficacy of the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention in killing viruses, some of which none of the components of the novel sterilant can kill individually under the same conditions. 
     The novel sterilant solution was prepared as in EXAMPLE 5 for testing against the following viruses: Herpes Simplex I and II, Coxsackie virus B1, Coxsackie virus A9, Vaccinia Virus, Influenza virus A, Adenos virus II, Poliovirus I, Rhino virus, Cytomegalo virus, and Corona virus, all according to EPA procedure DIS/TSSD-7. For two batches each, four replicates were carried by ten-fold dilution and measured to three-log diminution. After incubation, the samples were recovered after adsorption time on mammalian cell monolayers. 
     The novel sterilant inactivated all the viruses within 10 minutes at 20 degrees C. It is known that alkalinized glutaraldehyde fails to inactivate at least Coxsackie virus and Poliovirus I under these conditions. 
     The sterilant composition of the present invention has the advantages of being effective to kill a broad spectrum of microorganisms very rapidly with low concentrations of the active ingredients. The sterilant composition as a combination of ingredients is more effective against several microorganisms together at the same time than would be possible by using each active ingredient separately against the combination of microorganisms. 
     The sterilants of the disclosure above exemplified by the preferred embodiments of the various Examples are effective against a wide variety of microorganisms such as those of Tables I throuqh VII. 
     
                       TABLE I______________________________________VIRUSES______________________________________ADENOVIRUSES      Feline stomatitisAvian adenovirus Types 1-10             CORONAVIRUSESMarble spleen disease virusBovine adenovirus Types 1-8             Calf diarrheal coronavirusCanine adenovirus Canine coronavirusInfectious canine hepatitis             Feline infectiousHuman adenovirus Types 1-41             peritonitisMouse adenovirus  HemagglutinatingSwine adenovirus  encephalomyelitisBaboon adenovirus Human coronavirusChimpanzee adenovirus             Infectious bronchitisSimian adenovirus Mouse hepatitis virusTypes 1-39        Rabbit coronavirus             Rat coronavirusARENAVIRUSES      Sialodacryoadenitis virus             TransmissibleAmapari           gastroenteritisJunin             Turkey enteritisLatino            coronavirusLymphocyticchoriomeningitis  FLAVIVIRUSESBolivian Hemorrhagic FeverParana            BanziPichinde virus    BukalasaTacaribe virus    BussuquaraTamiami virus     Cowbone ridge             Dakar batBUNYAVIRIDAE      Dengue Types 1-4             Edge HillAnopheles Group   Entebbe batBunyamwera Super Group             IlheusBwamba Group      Japanese encephalitisCalifornia Group  KokoberaCapim Group       KyasanurGamboa Group      Louping IIIGuama Group       ModocKoongol Group     Montana myotisPatois Group      leukoencephalitisSimbu Group       Murray Valley encephalitisTete Group        NtayaTurlock Group     PowassanPhleboviruses     Rio BravoNairoviruses      Russian spring-summerHantaviruses      encephalitis             SepikCALICIVIRUSES     Simian hemorrhagic fever             St. Louis encephalitisFeline conjunctivitis             StratfordFeline picornavirus             TenbusuCganda S          Blue tongue all typesWest Nile         ChanguinolaYellow fever      Colorado tick feverZika              Corriparta             Epizootic hemorrhagicHERPESVIRUSES     disease of deer             IeriAvian laryngotracheitis             IrituiaDuck enteritis    LebomboFalcon herpesvirus             TribecLake Victoria cormorant             Wad MedaniMarek&#39;s diseaseParrot herpesvirus             ORTHOMYXOVIRUSESPigeon herpesvirusTurkey herpesvirus             Avian InfluenzaBovine herpesvirus             Horse Influenza AInfectious bovine Human Influenzarhinotracheitis   A, B &amp; CCanine herpesvirus             Swine InfluenzaEquine cytomegalovirus             ThogotoEquine herpesvirusFeline herpesvirus             PAPOVAVIRUSESFeline rhinotracheitis virusChannel catfish   Human polyomaHerpesvirus salmonis             Bovine papillomaGuinea pig herpes-like virus             Human papillomaGuinea pig salivary gland             JC virusvirus             K-virusGuinea pig X virus             Lymphotropic PapovavirusBurkitt&#39;s lymphoma             PapillomaCytomegalovirus   PolyomaHerpes simplex Types 1 &amp; 2             Simian PapovavirusVaricella         SV-40Varicella-ZosterB Virus           PARAMYXOVIRUSESHepatitis A, B &amp; C virusHerpesvirus aotus BluegillHerpesvirus ateles             Bovine morbillivirus-likeHerpesvirus saguinus             Bovine respiratoryHerpesvirus saimiri             syncytial virusMonkey cytomegalovirus             Canine distemperSimian herpesvirus 2 &amp; 3             Canine parainfluenzaSquirrel monkey   Fer de Lance viruscytomegalovirus   MeaslesPseudorabies      MumpsCaprine herpesvirus             NarivaFrog Virus 4      Newcastle diseaseMouse Salivary Gland Virus             ParainfluenzaRabbit herpesvirus             Pneumonia virus of mice             Respiratory syncytialORBIVIRUSES       Simian paramyxovirus             Subacute sclerosingpanencephalitis   Swine poxYucaipa           Tanapox             VacciniaPARVOVIRUSES      Yabu tumor poxvirusAdeno-associated virus             REOVIRUSESAleutian diseaseAvian adeno-associated             Avian reovirus, all typesBovine parvovirus Feline reovirusCanine parvovirus Reovirus, all typesFeline panleukopenia             Turkey enteric reovirusHemorrhagic encephalopathyPorcine parvovirus             RETROVIRUSESPICORNAVIRUSES    Avian leukosis-sarcoma             complexPoliovirus 1, 2 &amp; 3             Avian reticuloendotheliosisCoxsackievirus, all types             groupEchovirus, all types             Feline leukemia groupEnterovirus, all types             Murine leukemia-sarcomaHuman rhinovirus, all types             groupAvian encephalomyelitis             Bovine syncytial virusBaboon enterovirus             Caprine arthritis-Bovine enterovirus,             encephalitis virusall types         Feline syncytia-formingBovine rhinovirus,             Human T-cell lukemia virusall types         Human immunodeficiencyEncephalomyocarditis             virusMouse encephalomyelitis             Mouse mammary tumorPorcine enterovirus,             Simian foamyvirusall types         Squirrel monkey retrovirusRat encephalomyelitis             Syncytium-forming virusSimian picornavirus,             of Marmosetsall types         Visna virusPOXVIRUSES        RHABDOVIRUSESAlastrim (Variola minor)             AruacBovine papular stomatitis             Bovine paralytic rabiesCanary pox        ChacoCotia             ChandipuraCowpox            Cocal virusEmbu              Hart virusFibroma           Infectious hematopoieticFowlpox           necrosisMilker&#39;s nodule virus             JuronaMonkeypox         Kern CanyonMyxoma            KlamathRabbit fibroma    KwattaRabbitpox         Lagos batRaccoonpox        MarchSmallpox          MokolaMossuril          VenkatapuramMount Elgon bat   WanowrieNavorro           PLANT VIRUSESPiry virus        Agropyron MosaicRabies            Alfalfa MosaicSawgrass          Apple ChloroticTimbo             Apple MosaicVesicular stomatitis             Artichoke Latent             Barley Stripe MosaicROTAVIRUSES       Barley Yellow Dwarf             Bean Common MosaicBovine rotavirus  Bean Golden MosaicCalf rotavirus    Bean Pod MottleHuman rotavirus   Bearded Iris MosaicPorcine pararotavirus             Beet Curly TopPorcine rotavirus Beet MosaicRhesus rotavirus  Beet Western YellowsSimian rotavirus  Belladonna Mottle             Bidens MottleTOGAVIRUSES       Broad Bean             Broccoli NecroticAlphavirus group  Carnation MottlePestiviruses      Cherry Leaf RoolRubeviruses       Chrysanthemum Aspermy             Citrange StuntUNCLASSIFIED VIRUSES             Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle             Desmodium Yellow MottleAnaplasma marginale             Elm MosaicCreutzfeldt-Jakob Glycine MottleDuck hepatitis    Grapevine FanleafEretmapodites     Henbane MosaicEquine infectious anemia             Lettuce Mosaicvirus             Lychnis RingspotFrog virus 3      Maize rough DwarfGolden shine virus             Myrobalan Latent RingspotGrunt fin agent   Nasturtium RingspotHepatitis A virus Oat Blue DwarfHepatitis B virus Onion Yellow DwarfIchampadi         Pangola StuntInfectious bursal disease of             Panicum Mosaicchickens          Passionfruit WoodinessInfectious pancreatic             Peanut Stuntnecrosis of trout Plantago MottleInfectious pancreatic             Poa Semilatentnecrosis virus    Pokeweed MosaicKuru              Prunus Necrotic RingspotLymphocystis      Raspberry Bushy DwarfMatucare          Scophularia MottleNodamura virus    Tobacco MosaicQuaranfil         Tomato AspermyTadpole edema virus             Tulip BreakingTembe             Watermelon MosaicWhite Clover MosaicWound Tumor______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE II______________________________________MISCELLANEOUS ORGANISMS______________________________________     Chlamydia psittaci     Chlamydia trachomatis     Coxiella burneti     Ehrlichia risticii     Rickettsia akari     Richettsia canada     Rickettsia conori     Rickettsia montana     Rickettsia mooseri     Rickettsia prowazeki     Rickettsia rickettsii     Rickettsia sennetsu     Rickettsia tsutsugamushi     Rochalimaea quintana     Rochalimaea vinsonii     Thai tick typhus     Wolbachia persica______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE III______________________________________GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA______________________________________Acetobacter acet   FlavobacteriumAcholeplasma laidlawii              meningosepticumAchromobacter viscosus              Francisella tularensisAcidiphilium cryptum              Fusobacterium necrophorumAcinetobacter calcoaceticus              Gardnerella vaginalisAcinetobacter anatratus              Haemophilus aegyptiusAcinetobacter lwoffii              Hafnia alveiActinomyces bovis  Klegsiella oxytocaActinomyces israelii              Klebsiella pneumoniaeActinomyces pyogenes              Legionella cherriiActinoplanes violaceus              Legionella feeleiAeromonas hydrophila              Legionella pneumophilaAeromonas salmonicida              Leptospira biflexaAgrobacterium tumefaciens              Moraxella phenylpyruvicaAlcaligenes denitrificans              Morganella morganiiAlcaligenes faecalis              Mycoplasma canisAnaerorhabdus furcosus              Mycoplasma hyorhinisAquaspirillum anulus              Mycoplasma pneumoniaeArachnia propionica              Neisseria gonorrhoeaArthrobacter ilicis              Neisseria meningitidisAzotobacter beijerinckii              Oligella urethralisBacteroides bivius Pasteurella multocidaBacteroides fragilis              Proteus mirabilisBacteroides levii  Proteus vulgarisBdellovibrio solpii              Providencia rettgeriBeggiatoa alba     Providencia rustigianiiBeijerinckia indica              Providencia stuartiiBifidobacterium boum              Pseudomonas aeruginosaBordetella bronchiseptica              Pseudomonas avenaeBordetella pertussis              Pseudomonas cepaciaBorrrelia burgdorferi              Pseudomonas pseudomalleiBrucelia abortus   Pseudomonas putidaCampylobacter coli Salmonella choleraesuisCampylobacter jejuni              Salmonella typhiCampylobacter pylori              Salmonella typhimuriumChlamydia psittaci Serratia liquefaciensChlamydia trachomatis              Serratia marcescensChromobacterium violaceum              Shigella boydiCitrobacter freundii              Shigella dysenteriaeComamonas terrigena              Shigella flexneriDeleya aesta       Shigella sonneiDeleya venusta     Thiobacillus thiooxidansDermatophilus congolensis              Treponema hyodysenteriaeEdwardsiella tarda Treponema pallidumEikenella corrodens              Ureplasma galloraleEnterobacter aerogenes              Veillonella caviaeEnterococcus avium Vibrio choleraeEnterococcus faecalis              Wolinella succinogenesEnterobacter cloacae              Xanthobacter flavusErwinia citreus    Xanthomonas campestrisEscherichia coli   Yersinia pestisEwingella americana              Zymomonas mobilis______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE IV______________________________________GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA______________________________________Deinococcus erythromyxa              Mycobacterium bovisDeinococcus proteolyticus              Mycobacterium fortuitumErysipelothrix insidiosa              MycobacteriumErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae              intracellulareEubacterium aerofaciens              Mycobacterium lepraeEubacterium angustum              Mycobacterium tuberculosisEubacterium combessi              Norcardia asteroidesEubacterium eligens              Norcardia brasiliensisEubacterium fosser Paracoccus denitrificansJonesia denitrificans              Pediococcus dextrinicusKurthia gibsonii   PeptostreptococcusLactobacillus agilis              asaccharolyticusLactobacillus brevis              Peptostreptococcus microsLactobacillus buchneri              Phormidium spLactobacillus carnis              Planococcus citreusLactobacillus casei              Propionibacterium acnesLactobacillus divergens              PropionibacteriumLactogacillus helveticus              freudenreichiiLactobacillus jensenii              Rhodococcus equiLactobacillus kefir              Rhodococcus erythropolisLactobacillus xylosis              Sarcina maximaLactococcus garviae              Staphylococcus aureusLactococcus lactis Staphylococcus epidermidisLactococcus plantarum              Staphylococcus hominisLeptothrix buccalis              Staphylococcus warneriLeuconostoc lactis StomatococcusLeuconostoc mesenteroides              muchilaginosusLeuconostoc oenos  StreptobacillusListeria grayi     moniliformisListeria innocua   Streptococcus dysgalactiaeListeria monocytogenes              Streptococcus equiMicrococcus agilis Streptococcus equisimilusMicrococcus cryophilus              Streptococcus faecalisMicrococcus halobius              Streptococcus pyogenesMicrococcus luteus Streptomyces albulusMycobacterium aurum              Streptomyces vulgarisMycobacterium avium______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE V______________________________________GRAM POSITIVE SPORE FORMING BACTERIA Bacillus             Clostridium______________________________________acidocaldarius       acetobutylicumalcaophilus          acidiuricialvei                aerotoleransaminoglucosidicus    barkerianeurinolyticus      beijerinckiianthracis            bifermentansbadius               botulinumbrevis               cadaveriscapitovalis          carniscereus               cellulolyticumchitinosporus        chauvoeicirculans            clostridiiformecirroflagellosus     coccoidescoagulans            collagenovoransepiphytus            cylindrosporumfastidiosus          difficilefilicolonicus        durumfirmus               flavumfreudenreichii       formicoaceticumfructosus            haemolyticumglobiggi             hastiformeglobisporus          histolyticumgordonae             indolisimplexus             kaneboiinsolitus            kluyverilaevolacticus        lentoputrescenslarvae               limosumlaterosporus         lortetiilentimorbus          perfringenslentus               putrificumlicheniformis        septicummegaterium           sordelliimycoides             sporogenespumilus              tetanischlegelii           tetanomorphumstearothermophilus   thermocellumsubtilis             thermolacticumthuringiensis        tyrobutyricumxerothermodurans     villosum______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE VI______________________________________FUNGI______________________________________Absidia blakesleeana             Entonaema liquescensAchaetomium luteum             Epidermophyton floccosumAchlya hypogyna   Filobasidiella neoformansAciculoconidium aculeatum             Fonsecaea pedrosoiAcladium castellanii             Fusarium solaniAcemoniella lutzi Geotrichum candidumAcrodontium salmoneum             Gibberella baccataActinodendron verticillatum             Gymnosporangium globosumActinomucor elegans             Histoplasma capsulatumAcytostelium elipticum             Kluyveromyces wickerhamiiAqaricus abruptibulbus             Madurella mycetomiAgaricus campestris             Melampsora medusaeAkenomyces costatus             Microsporum canisAlternaria alternata             Mucor hiemalisAlternaria citri  Nectriella pironiiArmillaria limonea             Neurospora tetraspermaArthrobotrys oligospora             Paecilomyces lilacinusArthroderma benhamiae             Penicillium aurantiogriseumArthroderma gypseum             Phialophora richardsiaeArthroderma incurvatum             Phycomyes nitensArticulospora tetracladia             Pichia membranaefaciensAspergillus carneus             Pityrosporium ovaleAspergillus fischeri             Pseudallescheria boydiiAspergillus fumigatus             Puccinia graminisAspergillus niger Pyrenophora trichostomaAureobasidium mansonii             Rhizoctonia repensBasidiobolus haptosporus             Rhizomucor pusillusBlastobotrys aristata             Rhizopus microsporusBlastomyces dermatitidis             Rhodotorula rubraBlastoschizomyces capitatus             Rhynchosporium secalisBotrytis squamosa Saccharomyces cerevisiaeByssochlamys fulva             Sclerotium rolfsiiCandida albicans  Sporothrix schenckiiCandida tropicalis             Sporotrichum thermophileCephalosporium deformans             Stemphylium botryosumCeratocytis ulmi  Torula thermophilaChaetomium globosum             Torulopsis pintolopesiiChrysosporium pannorum             Trichoderma polysporumCladosporium carpophilum             Trichophyton mentagrophytesCladosporium resinae             Trichophyton rubrumCoccidioides immitis             Ulocladium botrytisCronartium fusiforme             Uromyces phaseoliCryptococcus neoformans             Verticillium nigrescensCurvularia prasadii             Xylohypha bantianaDictyostelium discoideum             Yarrowia lipolytica             Zygosaccharomyces bailii______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE VII______________________________________PROTISTS- ALGAE/PROTOZOA______________________________________Acanthamoeba astronyxis             Leishmania hertigiA. castellanii    Leishmania mexicanaA. culbertsoni    Leishmania tropicaA. hatchetti      Leptomonas pyrrhocorisA. lenticulata    Lingulamoeba leeiA. polyphaga      Lohomonas piriformisA. royreba        Monocercomonas colubrorumBabesia microti   Muriella aurantiacaBotrydium cystosum             Naegleria australiennsisCephaleuros virescens             Naegleria fowleriChalamydomonas dorsoventralis             Naegleria gruberiChlorella protothecoides             Naegleria jadiniChlorella saccharophilia             Nosema necatrixChlorella sorokiniana             Ochromonas malhamensisChlorella variegata             Paramecium primaureliaChlorella xanthella             ParameciumChlorella zopfingiensis             multimicronucleatumChlorogonium elongatum             Pentatrichoimonas hominisCrithidia fasciculata             Plasmodium brasilianumDiethamoeba fragilis             Plasmodium coatneyiDunaliella tertiolecta             Plasmodium cynomolgiEntamoeba coli    Plasmodium falciparumEntamoeba gingivalis             Plasmodium vivaxEntamoeba histolytica             Prototheca wickerhamiiEuglena gracilis  Tetracystis disociataGiardia intestinalis             Tetrahymena borealisGiardia lamblia   Tetrahymena thermophilaHaematococcus lacustris             Trichomonas gallinaeHartmannella limax             Trichomonas vaginalisHerpetomonas mariadeanei             Tritrichomonas foetusLeishmania braziliensis             Trypanosoma bruceiLeishmania donovani             Trypanosoma cruzi______________________________________