Abstract:
Vertical mount package assemblies and methods for making the same are disclosed. A method for manufacturing a vertical mount package assembly includes providing a base substrate having electrical connections for affixing to external circuitry, and providing a package having a mounting region configured to receive a device therein. Flexible electrical leads are formed between the base substrate and the package. The flexible leads can include a plurality of aligned grooves to guide bending. After forming the flexible electrical leads, the package is rotated relative to the base substrate. The aligned grooves can constrain the relative positions of the substrates during rotation, and the beveled edges of the base substrate and package can maintain a desired angular relationship (e.g., perpendicular) between the base substrate and the package after rotation.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     Embodiments of the invention relate to vertical mount packages for integrated circuits or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices can include one or more of mechanical elements, sensors, and actuators formed on a substrate, such as a silicon substrate, through micro fabrication technology. Such MEMS devices in a state before packaging can also be referred to as a “MEMS die” in the context of this document. In this document, “dies” is used as a plural form of “die,” but “dice” can also be used as a plural form. 
     MEMS dies are typically placed in a package (hereinafter, referred to as “MEMS package”) to protect the MEMS dies and facilitate electrical connection to larger electronic devices. Such MEMS packages are often designed to be mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) or similar interface for larger devices. A MEMS package can be encapsulated or overmolded, but often will instead include a casing defining a cavity to contain a MEMS die, bond pads for electrical connection to the MEMS die, leads for electrical connection to a larger device, and interconnects for electrical connection between the bond pads and the leads. A MEMS die is attached to a mounting surface of the MEMS package, and can be electrically connected to the bond pads, e.g., via bond wires. The cavity can be defined in various ways, such as a substrate (e.g., PCB) and metal “can” or three-dimensional lid, a molded package with integrated substrate and walls with a planar lid, etc. 
     Other devices, such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for processing MEMS signals and/or memory chips, can be similarly packaged for protection and to facilitate electrical connection of devices to larger electrical circuits. Such IC dies can be independently packaged or packaged together with MEMS devices. 
     Most packages are designed to mount onto larger boards with the die parallel to the mounting board. Dies that are to be mounted vertically with respect to the mounting surface, such as gyroscopes and other MEMS motion sensors, present additional challenges for efficient component manufacturing and assembly of packages. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In one embodiment, a vertical mount package assembly comprises a base substrate having electrical connections for affixing to external circuitry, a package having a device region configured to receive at least one device, and a plurality of flexible electrical leads between the base substrate and the package. The flexible leads can include aligned grooves. 
     In some embodiments, the package can be fixed in a position substantially perpendicular to the base substrate. In some embodiments, the base substrate and the package each include beveled edges configured to mate. In some embodiments, the package is fixed with an adhesive between the base substrate and the package. 
     In some embodiments, the vertical mount package assembly can further include a MEMS die on the device region of the package. In some embodiments, the plurality of flexible electrical leads can provide electrical communication between the MEMS die and the electrical connections of the base substrate. In some embodiments, the base substrate can further include an integrated circuit communicating with the flexible electrical leads and the electrical connections. In some embodiments, the MEMS die can include at least one of an accelerometer and a gyroscope. 
     In another embodiment, a vertical mount package assembly includes a base substrate having electrical connections for affixing to external circuitry, a package having a device region configured to receive at least one device, and a plurality of flexible electrical leads between the base substrate and the package. Each of the base substrate and the package can include beveled edges configured to mate when the base substrate and package are substantially orthogonal to one another. In some embodiments, the vertical mount package assembly can further include a MEMS die on the device region of the package. In some embodiments, the MEMS die comprises at least one of: an accelerometer and a gyroscope. 
     In another embodiment, a method of manufacturing a vertical mount package assembly is provided. The method can comprise providing a base, wherein the base includes electrical connections for affixing to external circuitry. A package can be provided, wherein the package includes a device region configured to receive at least one device. Flexible electrical leads between the base and the package can be provided, wherein the flexible leads include aligned grooves. The method can further include rotating the package relative to the base substrate, such that the package is substantially perpendicular to the base substrate. The aligned grooves can constrain the relative positions of the substrates during rotation, and wherein the flexible electrical leads maintain the connection between the base substrate and the package after rotation. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS. 1A and 1B  are schematic side views of a vertical mount package assembly before and after rotation of the package. 
         FIGS. 2A-4B  are schematic cross-sections of various embodiments of a vertical mount package assembly before and after rotation of the package. 
         FIG. 5A  is a perspective top view of a vertical mount package assembly prior to rotation of the package, according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 5B  is an enlarged detail view showing the flexible electrical leads of  FIG. 5A . 
         FIG. 6A  is a perspective front view of a vertical mount package assembly after rotation of the package. 
         FIG. 6B  is a perspective rear view of a vertical mount package assembly after rotation of the package. 
         FIG. 6C  is an enlarged detail view of the connection between the package and the base shown in  FIGS. 6A and 6B . 
         FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of making a vertical mount package assembly according to one embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     The following detailed description of certain embodiments presents various descriptions of specific embodiments of the invention. However, the invention can be embodied in a multitude of different ways as defined and covered by the claims. In this description, reference is made to the drawings where like reference numerals indicate identical or functionally similar elements. 
     Two-Axis Vertical Mount Package Assembly 
     A MEMS package is designed to protect a MEMS device and facilitate electrical connection to larger electronic devices. In some applications, a MEMS package can be mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) or other interface with an external device such that a MEMS device therein is oriented substantially parallel to a mounting surface of the external device. In other applications, a MEMS package desirably has a MEMS device therein oriented at an angle, e.g., substantially perpendicular, to the mounting surface because of the operation of the MEMS device. 
     For example, in some automotive applications, such as vehicle stability control devices, rotation or angular sensors (alternatively, referred to as “gyroscopes”) and/or MEMS static motion sensors (alternatively, referred to as “accelerometers”) are oriented vertically on a horizontally mounted part inside a vehicle. In the context of this document, the term “vertical” can refer to the orientation approximately perpendicular to the package mounting plane (e.g., on a motherboard), which can be, but is not necessarily, parallel to ground. Rotation sensors and motion sensors can be collectively referred to as “inertial sensors.” 
     Such inertial sensors can be oriented vertically using a vertical mount package, which is configured to mount a sensor die vertically and make electrical connections to a horizontal mounting surface. However, known schemes for vertical mount packages can be expensive and have several limitations. Many vertical mount packages rely on pre-molded packages or ceramic, both of which are expensive. Additionally, vertical mount packages can be more susceptible to vibration and package tilt than horizontal mount packages. Accordingly, there is a need for providing a vertical mount package that can incorporate mature packaging technologies to reduce overall cost. Among other attributes, vertical mount packages should have low height and low manufacturing costs while maintaining or improving overall performance. 
     In one embodiment, a vertical mount package assembly can include a package and a base substrate. The base substrate can include electrical connections for affixing to external circuitry. The package can include one or more of device regions. The package further includes a plurality of flexible electrical leads extending between the base and the package. The package can take the form of a cavity package in which the device regions are positioned within the cavity and are configured to receive MEMS or IC dies. The MEMS or IC dies can be separately formed, diced, and mounted onto the device regions. In some embodiments, the package can take the form of an overmolded leadframe package. In some embodiments, the package can take the form of a laminate substrate having a die mounted thereon, encapsulated with glob top or other material. Electrical connections between the device regions and the flexible leads can be provided, such that the dies of the package can be in electrical communication with the base substrate. 
     The base substrate can serve to make electrical connections between the device(s) of the package and the external circuitry. The base substrate can additionally serve as a second package in the package assembly, e.g., for an ASIC that processes signals from an inertial motion sensor in the vertical package. 
       FIGS. 1A and 1B  are schematic side views of a vertical mount package assembly  1 , before and after rotation. As illustrated, the vertical mount package assembly  1  includes a base substrate  3  and a package  7 . The base substrate  3  includes a plurality of leads  5  for providing electrical connection to an external device. For example, the leads  5  can include a plurality of bond pads on the bottom surface of the base substrate  3 . In some embodiments, solder bumps can be attached to the bond pads. In other embodiments, the leads  5  can be exposed portions of a leadframe extending laterally from the sides of the base substrate  3 . In other embodiments, the leads  5  can electrically communicate with contacts or wire-bond pads arranged on an upper surface of the base substrate for connecting to die(s) mounted thereupon. The base substrate  3  can take any number of forms. For example, in various embodiments, the base substrate  3  can be made of ceramic, plastic, molding compound, or PCB. 
     Flexible electrical leads  9  connect the base substrate  3  to the package  7 . As illustrated in  FIG. 1A , the flexible electrical leads  9  include a crease or groove  11  formed therein. In the illustrated embodiment, the groove  11  is substantially rectangular in cross-section. However, in other embodiments the groove can take any number of shapes, for example triangular, curved, or trapezoidal. In some embodiments, the groove  11  may be omitted. The groove  11  can be formed by a variety of methods. For example, the groove  11  can be stamped into a pre-formed leadframe. In other embodiments, the groove  11  can be formed by standard photolithography followed by a half-etch of the flexible electrical leads  9 . Alternatively, a laser drill can be used to form the groove  11 . Moreover, as will be clear from the discussion of  FIGS. 5A-5B  below, multiple leads between the base substrate  3  and the package  7  have aligned grooves  11  to facilitate controlled bending during assembly. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1B , the package  7  can be rotated with respect to the base substrate  3 . The flexible leads  9  remain intact following rotation of the package  7 . The groove  11  can be configured to facilitate aligned bending of the flexible electrical leads  9  during rotation of the package  7 . 
     The package  7  can include therein a device region configured to receive a device thereon. For example one or more MEMS or IC dies may be enclosed within the package  7 . The package  7  is illustrated schematically, but may take any number of forms. For example, the package  7  can be a cavity package housing the device within the cavity and an optical lid for environmental protection. In some embodiments, the package  7  can be an overmolded leadframe package. In other embodiments, the package  7  can comprise a laminate substrate, with glob top or other adhesive encapsulating an IC or MEMS device. Various other types of packages can be employed, so long as flexible electrical leads  9  can be provided that extend between the package  7  and the base substrate  3 , and wherein the flexible electrical leads  9  are in electrical communication (whether direct or indirect) with the die enclosed within the package  7 . 
     In some embodiments, the package  7  can be rotated to be aligned with a plane substantially perpendicular to the plane of the base substrate  3 . In other embodiments, the alignment of the package can vary. For example, the package can be rotated with respect to the base substrate to form an angle of intersection ranging from 45 to 135 degrees. Following rotation of the package  7  with respect to the base substrate  5 , the relative orientations of the two can be externally fixed. For example, epoxy (not shown) can be applied to the joint between the package  7  and the base substrate  3 . Various other adhesives may alternatively be used to fix the position of the package  7  with respect to the base substrate  3 , and may also encapsulate the flexible electrical leads  9 . As discussed in more detail below, in some embodiments the sides of the package and the base substrate can be beveled so as to form a joint at a specified angle. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1B , the rotated package  7  is positioned substantially vertically, while the base substrate  3  remains substantially horizontal. The leads  5  on the base substrate  3  can provide for electrical connection to external devices. For example, the base substrate  3  can be mounted onto the mounting board of an external device or system, and electrically connected thereto through leads  5 . Upon mounting, the package  7  is aligned vertically, while the base substrate  3  provides both mechanical and electrical connection to the external system, for example a PCB. Internal electrical connections are provided between the leads  5  of the base substrate and the flexible electrical leads  9 . Similarly, as noted above, the flexible electrical leads  9  can be internally connected to a device within the interior of the package  7 . In some embodiments, the base substrate  3  may itself comprise a package housing a device therein. In other embodiments, the base substrate  3  may be a simple substrate, such as PCB or a molded leadframe, having electrical connections therein but containing no devices therein. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 2A and 2B , one embodiment of the vertical mount package assembly  1  is shown in cross-section, both before and after rotation of the package. Similar to the embodiment described above with respect to  FIGS. 1A and 1B , a base substrate  3  is connected via flexible electrical leads  9  to a package  7 . The base substrate  3  includes leads  5  for external electrical connection. In the illustrated embodiment, the leads  5  comprise exposed portions of a leadframe extending laterally from the side of the base substrate  3 . As with  FIG. 1A , the flexible electrical leads  9  include a crease or groove  11  formed therein. In various embodiments, the groove  11  can be formed by stamping the leadframe, by chemical etching, laser drilling, or mechanical drilling. The groove can be aligned across a plurality of flexible electrical leads so as to ensure the proper alignment between the base substrate  3  and the package  7  during and after relative rotation during assembly. 
     The base substrate  3  itself comprises an overmolded leadframe package. For example, the base substrate  3  can be a thin quad-flat package (TQFP) with an exposed die pad  19  on the bottom surface. An IC die  17  or other device, particularly an ASIC for processing signals from a MEMS device, can be mounted onto the die pad  19 . In some embodiments, the IC die can be replaced with a MEMS device. Wire bonds  13  provide electrical connection between the IC die  17  and both the leads  5  and the flexible electrical leads  9 . A molding compound  23  covers the IC die  17 , wire bonds  13 , die pad  19 , and portions of the leads  5  and flexible electrical leads  9 . The bottom portion of the die pad  19  is exposed, allowing thermal conduction away from the encapsulated IC die  17 . 
     The package  7  can also comprise an overmolded leadframe package. The die attach pad  21  includes a device  14  mounted therein. The die attach pad  21  is one example of a “device region” in which a device is configured to be mounted. As noted previously, the device  14  can be a MEMS or IC die. For example, a MEMS die can be separately fabricated, singulated, and attached to the die attach pad  21  of the package  7 . Wire bonds  15  provide electrical connection between the device  14  and the flexible electrical leads  9 . Similar to the base substrate  3 , a molding compound  23  covers the die attach pad  21 , device  14 , wire bonds  15 , and a portion of the flexible electrical leads  9 . As will be understood, in some embodiments the leadframe can comprise the die attach pad  21  and the flexible electrical leads  9 . After mounting the device  14 , the molding compound  23  can be molded thereover. 
     Both the base substrate  3  and the package  7  can include beveled edges  25 . The angle of the beveled edges  25  can define the relative orientation of the base substrate  3  and the package  7  following rotation of the package  7 . For example, in the illustrated embodiment the beveled edges  25  are angled at approximately 45 degrees. When the package  7  is rotated vertically, the two beveled edges  25  meet, restraining the package  7  in a position substantially orthogonal to the base substrate  3 . With the base substrate  3  mounted horizontally, therefore, the package  7  is aligned vertically. Having one bevel of 30 degrees and the other bevel of 60 degrees can also provide an orthogonal orientation. As noted above, angles other than 90 degrees are possible. 
     In the illustrated vertical mount package assembly  1 , the device  14  is in electrical communication with the IC die  17  through a series of wire bonds  13  and  15 , and the flexible electrical leads  9 . The IC die  17  in turn is in electrical communication with the external leads  5 , which can then be physically mounted and electrically connected to another surface, for example the mounting board of an external system or device. The IC die  17  can be, for example an application-specific IC (ASIC) configured to function in concert with the device  14 . Alternatively, the IC die  17  can be a general purpose processor. The device  14 , as noted above, can be a MEMS device or an IC die. Some examples of possible MEMS devices include gyroscopes and accelerometers. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 3A and 3B , another embodiment of the vertical mount package assembly  1  is shown in cross-section, both before and after rotation of the package. Similar to the embodiments described above, a base substrate  3  is connected via flexible electrical leads  9  to a package  7 . The base substrate  3  includes leads  5  for external electrical connection. In the illustrated embodiment, the leads  5  comprise exposed portions of a leadframe extending laterally from the side of the base substrate  3 . As with  FIG. 1A , the flexible electrical leads  9  include a crease or groove  11  formed therein. In various embodiments, the groove  11  can be formed by stamping the leadframe, by chemical etching, laser drilling, or mechanical drilling. The groove can be aligned across a plurality of flexible electrical leads so as to ensure the proper alignment between the base substrate  3  and the package  7  during and after relative rotation during assembly. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the base substrate  3  itself comprises an overmolded leadframe, but no IC or other device is enclosed therein. Accordingly, the external leads  5  can be directly connected to the flexible electrical leads  9 . As will be understood, in this simplified cross-section only one external lead  5  and one flexible electrical lead  9  are shown. In practice, arbitrary numbers of leads can be used. For example, in some embodiments there may be 10 or more separate flexible electrical leads  9  can extend between the base substrate  3  and the package  7 . A molding compound  23  covers portions of the leads  5  and flexible electrical leads  9 . As noted previously, the external leads  5  can provide for electrical connection to external surfaces, such as PCB. 
     The package  7  can be similar to that described above with respect to  FIGS. 2A and 2B . The die attach pad  21  includes a device  14  mounted thereon, with wire bonds  15  providing electrical connection between the device  14  and the flexible electrical leads  9 . Similar to the base substrate  3 , a molding compound  23  covers the die attach pad  21 , device  14 , wire bonds  15 , and a portion of the flexible electrical leads  9 . 
     Both the base substrate  3  and the package  7  can include beveled edges  25  to define the relative orientation of the base substrate  3  and the package  7  following rotation of the package  7 . When the package  7  is rotated vertically, the two beveled edges  25  meet, restraining the package  7  in a position substantially orthogonal to the base substrate  3 . With the base substrate  3  mounted horizontally, therefore, the package  7  is aligned vertically. As noted above, bevels can be angled at other than 45 degrees, and the base substrate  3  and package  7  can be oriented at other than 90 degrees. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 4A and 4B , another embodiment of the vertical mount package assembly  1  is shown in cross-section, both before and after rotation of the package. Similar to the embodiments described above, a base substrate  3  is connected via flexible electrical leads  9  to a package  7 . The base substrate  3  includes leads  5  for external electrical connection. In the illustrated embodiment, the leads  5  comprise exposed portions of a leadframe extending laterally from the side of the base substrate  3 . The flexible electrical leads  9  include a crease or groove  11  formed therein. In various embodiments, the groove  11  can be formed by stamping the leadframe, by chemical etching, laser drilling, or mechanical drilling. The groove can be aligned across a plurality of flexible electrical leads so as to ensure the proper alignment between the base substrate  3  and the package  7  during and after relative rotation during assembly. 
     As with the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 2A , the base substrate  3  itself comprises an overmolded leadframe package. The base substrate  3  can include an exposed pad  19  on the bottom surface, an IC die  17  mounted onto the exposed pad  19 , and wire bonds  13  providing electrical connection between the IC die  17  and both the leads  5  and the flexible electrical leads  9 . A molding compound  23  covers the IC die  17 , wire bonds  13 , die pad  19 , and portions of the leads  5  and flexible electrical leads  9 . The bottom portion of the die pad  19  is exposed, allowing for thermal communication from the encapsulated IC die  17 . 
     The package  7  can comprise a cavity package. A cavity  27  is formed within the package  7 , with a lid  29  mounted over the top surface of the cavity  27 . Within the cavity  27 , a die attach pad  21  includes a device  14  mounted thereon. The die attach pad  21  is one example of a “device region” in which a device is configured to be mounted. As noted previously, the device  14  can be a MEMS or IC die. For example, a MEMS die can be separately fabricated, singulated, and attached to the die attach pad  21  of the package  7 . Wire bonds  15  provide electrical connection between the device  14  and the flexible electrical leads  9 . A molding compound  23  defines the structure of the package  7  surrounding the cavity  27 . A portion of the flexible electrical leads  9  extends into the cavity  27 , allowing for a point of connection (via wire-bonds  15 ) between the flexible electrical leads  9  and the device  14 . 
     As noted previously, the beveled edges  25  on each of the base substrate  3  and the package can define the relative orientation of the base substrate  3  and the package  7  following rotation of the package  7 . Accordingly, when the package  7  is rotated vertically, the two beveled edges  25  meet, restraining the package  7  in a position substantially orthogonal to the base substrate  3 . With the base substrate  3  mounted horizontally, therefore, the package  7  is aligned vertically. As noted above, bevels can be angled at other than 45 degrees, and the base substrate  3  and package  7  can be oriented at other than 90 degrees. 
     In the illustrated vertical mount package assembly  1 , the device  14  is in electrical communication with the IC die  17  through a series of wire bonds  13  and  15 , and the flexible electrical leads  9 . The IC die in turn is in electrical communication with the external leads  5 , which can then be physically mounted and electrically connected to another surface, for example PCB. The IC die  17  can be, for example an application-specific IC (ASIC) configured to function in concert with the device  14 . Alternatively, the IC die  17  can be a general purpose processor. The device  14 , as noted above, can be a MEMS device or an IC device. Some examples of possible MEMS devices include gyroscopes and accelerometers. 
     As noted above, in some embodiments, wire bonds may be used to provide connections between the device and the flexible electrical leads, as well as between the flexible electrical leads and an ASIC within the base substrate. In other embodiments, electrical connection may be provided using flip-chip methods, as is known in the art. For example, the flexible electrical leads may extend into the device region of the package. The device can then be affixed directly onto the flexible electrical leads with a conductive adhesive, such as solder. In some embodiments, anisotropic conducting film or nonconducting paste may be used to provide electrical and mechanical connection between the device and the flexible electrical leads. 
       FIG. 5A  is a schematic perspective top view of a vertical mount package assembly prior to rotation of the package, according to one embodiment. In the illustrated embodiment, the package  7  comprises a cavity package, having a cavity  27  exposed to a top surface. The device and the cavity lid have been omitted in  FIG. 5A . As discussed previously, flexible electrical leads  9  extend between the base substrate  3  and the package  7 , and extend partially into the cavity  27 . A plurality of external leads  5  are arranged around each of the sides of the base substrate  3 , except for the side directly adjacent the package  7 . A crease is defined by grooves  11  is formed along the center of the flexible electrical leads  9 , in the exposed portion between the base substrate  3  and the package  7 . Beveled edges  25  on each of the base substrate  3  and package  7  can provide for a fixed relative orientation, as described in more detail herein. 
       FIG. 5B  is an enlarged detail view of the flexible electrical leads shown in  FIG. 5A . As noted previously, the grooves  11  can be substantially aligned to facilitate proper rotation of the package  7  with respect to the base substrate  3 . The grooves can be formed by stamping a leadframe, by chemical etching, laser drilling, or mechanical drilling. In some embodiments the flexible electrical leads  9  can be spaced with an approximately 1 mm pitch, and each flexible electrical lead  9  can have a width of approximately 0.5 mm. 
     The cavity in the package can take a number of forms. In some embodiments, similar to that illustrated in  FIGS. 5A and 5B , a recess is formed in a package substrate, and a lid is positioned thereover to define an enclosed cavity. In other embodiments, a planar package substrate can have arranged thereover a three-dimensional cap or lid that defines a cavity therebetween. In other embodiments, a flat lid may be arranged over a flat substrate, with intermediate printed circuit board (PCB) or other material disposed between the lid and the substrate, defining the cavity therebetween which can encapsulate a device. In various embodiments, the package substrate and/or lid can be made of ceramic or molded plastic. 
       FIGS. 6A and 6B  are a perspective front and rear views, respectively, of a vertical mount package assembly after rotation of the package.  FIG. 6C  is an enlarged detail view of the connection between the package and the base substrate shown in  FIGS. 6A and 6B . The package  7  illustrated after relative rotation and fixing, and a lid  29  enclosing the cavity  27 . A device (not shown), such as a MEMS accelerometer or gyroscope, is mounted within the cavity  27  and electrically connected to the flexible electrical leads  9 . Upon rotation, the beveled edges  25  of the package  7  and the base substrate  3  join such that the package  7  is aligned substantially perpendicular to the base substrate  3 . Upon attaching the base substrate  3  to a horizontal surface, the package  7  is then vertically aligned. As noted previously, adhesive, such as epoxy (not shown) may be applied to the adjacent beveled edges to fix the relative positions of the package  7  and the base substrate  3  after rotation. 
     The exposed die pad  19  is shown on the bottom surface of the base substrate  3  in  FIG. 6B . The base substrate  3  can be mounted to an external surface, such as PCB, by solder or other connection between the plurality of external leads  5  and optionally the exposed die pad  19 . As noted above, the device (not shown) mounted within the package  7  is in electrical communication with the external leads  5  through the plurality of flexible electrical leads  9 . 
     Turning now to  FIG. 7 , a flow diagram illustrates a method for manufacturing a vertical mount package assembly in one embodiment. The method need not be performed in the illustrated sequence. A base substrate is provided in block  71  that includes a electrical connections for affixing to external circuitry. The base substrate can take the form of an overmolded leadframe package, in one embodiment. In some embodiments, the base substrate can comprise a package configured to receive a device within the cavity. In other embodiments, the base substrate can comprise an overmolded leadframe with no device enclosed therein. 
     A package is provided in block  72  that includes a device region configured to receive at least one device. The devices can include MEMS or ICs, and can be separately manufactured and then mounted onto the device regions. The devices, particularly IC&#39;s, can be sealed onto the device regions by covering them with epoxy or standard deposited passivation layers used in semiconductor fabrication, such as SiON layers. MEMS devices, particularly motion sensors, are preferably not encapsulated to avoid stress. Rather, a cavity package can be provided in block  72  and a separate lid can be mounted over the device region, thereby sealing the devices on the device regions within sealed cavities and allowing free MEMS beam or membrane movement, either by individual planar or shaped three-dimensional lids. 
     Flexible electrical leads between the base substrate and the package are formed in block  73 . In some embodiments, the flexible electrical leads can be integral to the leadframes of both the base substrate and the package. In other embodiments, the flexible electrical leads can be integral only to the leadframe of one or the other of the base substrate and the package. As described elsewhere herein, electrical connections internally within the package and/or base substrate can be provided between the flexible electrical leads and packaged devices by wire-bonds. In other embodiments, other electrical connections can be provided, for example direct or indirect physical contact in flip-chip arrangements. 
     The package is rotated in block  74  relative to the base substrate. The package can be rotated such that it is oriented substantially perpendicular to the base substrate. In other embodiments, the package can be rotated to a different orientation with respect to the base substrate. As noted above, beveled edges on each of the base substrate and the package can join cooperatively to form an orthogonal configuration. In some embodiments, each substrate can have a beveled edge angled at approximately 45 degrees. 
     In some embodiments, all processing steps—e.g., mounting devices, wire-bonding connections, placing a lid over the cavity, and affixing the base substrate to external circuitry, can take place prior to block  74 , while the package is substantially coplanar with the base substrate. In such embodiments, the package can be rotated after each of these processing steps has been performed. Epoxy or other adhesive may then be applied to fix the vertical orientation of the package. In other embodiments, the package may be rotated prior to one or more of the processing steps mentioned above. For example, in some embodiments the package may be rotated and fixed with adhesive prior to mounting the base substrate onto external circuitry. 
     Applications 
     The embodiments described above can be adapted for various types of MEMS devices, including, but not limited to: optical sensors, RF MEMS, inertial sensors (for example, gyroscopes and accelerometers), MEMS thermal sensors, microphone, and pressure sensors. The packages have particular utility for packaging vertically mounted sensors, such as gyroscopic angular motion sensors, to achieve the detection at a certain orientation. For such applications, the devices can be hermetically sealed within package cavities, and the simple construction is particularly robust for environments (e.g., automobiles) subject to high vibrations. 
     More generally, “vertical” packages employing the above described configurations can be used for various electronic devices. Examples of the electronic devices can include, but are not limited to, consumer electronic products, parts of the consumer electronic products, electronic test equipments, etc. The consumer electronic products can include, but are not limited to, vehicles (for example, stability control devices), a mobile phone, cellular base stations, a telephone, a television, a computer monitor, a computer, a hand-held computer, a netbook, a tablet computer, a digital book, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a game controller, a GPS, a stereo system, a cassette recorder or player, a DVD player, a CD player, a VCR, a DVR, an MP3 player, a radio, a camcorder, a camera, a digital camera, a portable memory chip, a copier, a facsimile machine, a scanner, a multi functional peripheral device, a wrist watch, a clock, etc. Further, the electronic device can include unfinished products. 
     The foregoing description and claims may refer to elements or features as being “mounted” or “attached” together. As used herein, unless expressly stated otherwise, “mounted” means that one element/feature is directly or indirectly connected to another element/feature. Likewise, unless expressly stated otherwise, “attached” means that one element/feature is directly or indirectly coupled to another element/feature, such as by way of adhesive layers. Thus, although the various schematics shown in the figures depict example arrangements of elements and components, additional intervening elements, devices, features, or components may be present in an actual embodiment. 
     Although this invention has been described in terms of certain embodiments, other embodiments that are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, including embodiments that do not provide all of the features and advantages set forth herein, are also within the scope of this invention. Moreover, the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. In addition, certain features shown in the context of one embodiment can be incorporated into other embodiments as well. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is defined only by reference to the appended claims.