Abstract:
A capsule for preparing a beverage or liquid food from a substance, in a centrifugal brewing unit, by passing water through the substance contained in the capsule by using brewing centrifugal forces. The capsule includes an enclosure containing a predetermined dose of substance, an opening member which opens the capsule under the centrifugal effect to allow the brewed liquid to leave the capsule. The capsule may also include externally driving the capsule in a centrifugal brewing device wherein the capsule includes a structure configured to offer resistance to torque during rotation of the capsule for maintaining the capsule in a reference rotational position.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/602,730 filed Dec. 2, 2009, which is the U.S. National Stage of PCT/EP2008/054810 filed Apr. 21, 2008, which in turn claims priority to European patent applications EP 07109579.8 filed Jun. 5, 2007, EP 07109580.6 filed Jun. 5, 2007, EP 08102147.9 filed Feb. 29, 2008, EP 08102148.7 filed Feb. 29, 2008 and EP 08102149.5 filed Feb. 29, 2008, the entire content of each of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference thereto. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present invention relates to a capsule for preparing a beverage or liquid food from a food substance which is brewed or extracted by using centrifuge forces exerted on a receptacle which contains the substance. The invention also relates to a system for carrying out the method. 
     It is known to prepare beverages wherein a mixture consisting of brewed coffee and coffee powder is separated with centrifugal forces. Such a mixture is obtained by bringing hot water and coffee powder together for a defined time. The water is then forced through a screen, on which screen powder material is present. 
     Existing systems consist of placing the coffee powder in a receptacle which is usually a non-removable part of a machine such as in EP 0367 600B1. Such devices have many disadvantages. Firstly, the coffee powder must be properly dosed manually in the receptacle. Secondly, the spinned coffee waste becomes dry and it must be removed by scraping the surface of the receptacle. As a result, the coffee preparation requires a lot of manual handling and is so very time consuming. Usually coffee freshness can also vary a lot and this can impact on the cup quality because coffee comes generally from bulk package or coffee is ground from beans in the receptacle itself. 
     Also, depending on the manual dosage of coffee and the brewing conditions (e.g., centrifugal speed, receptacle size) the cup quality can vary a lot. 
     Therefore, these systems have never reached an important commercial success. 
     In DE 102005007852, the machine comprises a removable holder into which an open cup-shaped part of the receptacle is placed; the other part or lid being attached to a driving axis of the machine. However, a disadvantage is the intensive manual handling. Another disadvantage is the difficulty to control quality of the coffee due to a lack of control for the dosing of the powder and a lack of control of the freshness of the coffee powder. 
     Other devices for brewing coffee by centrifuge forces are described in WO 2006/112691; FR2624364; EP0367600; GB2253336; FR2686007; EP0749713; DE4240429; EP0651963; FR2726988; DE4439252; EP0367600; FR2132310; FR2513106; FR2487661; DE3529053. 
     However, the effect of centrifugal forces to brew coffee or other food substances presents many advantages compared to normal “espresso” type brewing methods using high pressure pumps. In “espresso” types brewing methods, it is very difficult to master all the parameters which influence the quality of extraction of coffee. These parameters are typically the pressure, the flow rate which decreases with the pressure, the compaction of the coffee powder which also influences the flow characteristics and which depends on the coffee ground particle size, the temperature, the water flow distribution and so on. 
     Therefore, there is a need for proposing a new extraction process and a capsule adapted therefore for which the extraction parameters can be better and more independently controlled and therefore can be better mastered for controlling quality. 
     At the same time, there is a need for a method which is more convenient compared to the prior art centrifugal devices and which provides a better in-cup quality with a higher control of important quality parameters such as freshness and dosage in the receptacle. The present invention now satisfies these needs. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Therefore, the capsule of the invention is for preparing a beverage or liquid food from a food substance contained in the capsule by passing water through the substance using brewing centrifugal forces comprising: 
     an enclosure containing a predetermined dose of substance, 
     means for connecting the capsule to external rotational driving means wherein said means are configured to offer a resistance to torque during rotation of the capsule for maintaining the capsule in a reference rotational position. 
     In an embodiment, the connecting means of the capsule preferably comprises a tubular portion protruding from the capsule. 
     In another embodiment, the connecting means comprises at least one recess portion. 
     In another embodiment, the surface of the capsule comprises a roughened portion. 
     The roughened portion thus creates a sufficient resistance to the driving surface of the device that enables to drive the capsule in rotation. 
     In yet another embodiment, the surface of the capsule comprises a toothed structure. In an aspect of the invention, the capsule comprises
         opening means for letting the brewed liquid leave the capsule   wherein the opening means opens under the effect of the fluid being moved by the centrifugal forces when the capsule is driven in rotation.       

     For instance, the opening means forms at least one radial outlet for the brewed liquid. 
     Preferably, the capsule has a flared design and the at least one radial outlet is positioned or created at or close to the larger side of the flared design. This design and outlet arrangement promotes the flow of the centrifuged brewed liquid in the capsule, its collection and its removal from the capsule. 
     In a convenient embodiment, the outlet can be obtained by the centrifugal forces which exert a flexure on at least one deflectable portion of the capsule. 
     The capsule may comprise a cup-shaped body and a lid that closes the body. 
     For instance, the deflectable portion is an elastic lip acting in closure on a surface of the capsule. The deflectable lip is integral to at least one wall of the capsule. It can be moulded in plastic with a part of the capsule, i.e., a lid or body of the capsule. The lip can, for instance, be inserted in a peripheral cavity or groove of the capsule. The groove may be formed in the body or lid. The lip can be formed on the opposed part where the groove is formed, i.e., the lid or body of the capsule. 
     In another mode, the invention relates to a capsule for preparing a beverage or liquid food by passing water through a substance contained in the capsule by using brewing centrifugal forces comprising:
         a gastight enclosure containing a predetermined dose of substance,   at least one outlet placed at the periphery of the enclosure for the brewed liquid to leave the capsule when centrifuge forces are exerted in the capsule.       

     In this mode, premade radial outlets for the brewed liquid are provided in the capsule. For instance, a series of slits are provided in the lid and/or body. When the capsule is driven in rotation, the brewed liquid can pass through the slits whereas the solid particles are retained in the capsule. An additional filtering layer can be used to filter the liquid depending on the size of the outlets. 
     Furthermore, the capsule can comprise an injection tubular portion for transporting water in the capsule. The tubular portion has a water inlet on a surface of the capsule and a water outlet communicating internally in the cavity of the capsule. Preferably, the capsule has flared sidewalls. Preferably, the water outlet is close to the bottom of the capsule so that water arrives inside the cavity containing the substance at the bottom side. The bottom refers to the more narrow side of the capsule by reference to the flared design. 
     The capsule can contain a dose of substance for preparing one or at most two servings of beverage. The capsule contains ground coffee powder, soluble coffee, or tea. 
     The invention also concerns a system for preparing a beverage or liquid food from a food substance contained in a filtering receptacle by passing water through the substance using centrifugal forces comprising:
         a device comprising:   water feed means for introducing water in the receptacle,   driving means for driving the receptacle in centrifugal rotation,   referencing means for positioning and referencing the receptacle in the device in operational relationship with the water feed means and the driving means.       

     According to an aspect of the invention, the receptacle is formed by a capsule which comprises means for connecting the capsule to the driving means. 
     The device also comprises complementary connecting means for engaging the connecting means of the capsule. 
     The term “sealed” capsule means that the capsule is made of materials having gas barrier properties and is sealed in a fluid tight manner so that ingress of air in the capsule is prevented. Furthermore, the capsule preferably contains an inert gas that improves the freshness of substance in the capsule. The capsule can also be wrapped with an outer protective membrane. 
     Preferably, the capsule contains a dose of substance for preparing one or two servings (e.g., cups) of beverage. Cups of beverage are usually sized between about 25 to 110 mL. 
     The dose of substance for a single cup of coffee may be, for instance, between 4 to 8 grams of roast and ground coffee. 
     It must be noted that surprising improved brewing results are obtained by this method which can lead to amounts of coffee solids in the cup which are higher than pressurized “espresso” type methods. Without being bound by theory, it is supposed that water flow is more uniformly distributed by centrifuge effect and it creates less or no preferential flow paths in the coffee bed as compared to traditional methods using positive pressure. 
     The food substance in the capsule can be ground coffee powder, soluble coffee, or tea. 
     The capsule is preferably driven in rotation at a centrifugal speed of at least 5000 rpm, more preferably higher than 7000 rpm. The centrifugal speed for ground coffee powder is comprised between 1000 and 16000 rpm. Surprisingly, at such high rotational speeds, improved coffee crema is obtained. Crema has a more creamy consistency like a real emulsion of oil and water compared to usual crema obtained by traditional methods which is more watery with larger bubble size. 
     Of course, the speed also depends on the nature of the food ingredient. For leaf tea, the centrifugal speed is preferably low to provide infusion rather than a pressure extraction. In particular, for leaf tea, the centrifugal speed is comprised between 10 and 1000 rpm, more preferably between 50 and 500 rpm. 
     The capsule can comprise a sealing lid. The sealing lid can comprise a flexible membrane. The membrane can comprise gas barrier and support layers made of polymers, aluminium and/or aluminium alloys. 
     The capsule can also comprise a cup-shaped body onto which the sealing lid is sealed. The cup-shaped body also comprises gas barrier materials. It can be in metal such as thin aluminium and/or plastic. 
     In another embodiment, the capsule is made of two sealed flexible foils. The foils can be symmetrically arranged forming two identical sides. 
     The method of the invention comprises an operation wherein hot water is introduced into the capsule at substantially no pressure. Water can be brought by a hot water feed mechanism using a principle of aspiration or vaporisation. 
     Alternatively, for a higher flow consistency, hot water can be introduced using a low pressure pump such as a peristaltic pump or a diaphragm pump and the like. 
     The method also encompasses an operation during which at least one radial outlet is made before or when water is introduced in the sealed capsule. 
     The outlets can be pierced on a lid of the capsule. Outlets can also be pierced on a sidewall of the capsule. 
     In one mode, a plurality of outlets is formed by piercing at a peripheral area of the capsule. This method has the advantage to require a simple capsule. The number of outlets can be chosen to control the flow rate of the beverage. Since the outlets are radially oriented in series, a high pressure layer or jets of the brewed liquid is formed that is expelled out of the capsule. 
     Preferably, in the method of the invention, the brewed liquid is also collected to form a homogeneous flow of the liquid food or beverage which can be directed to the cup. 
     In one aspect of the capsule of the system, the capsule comprises trunconical sidewalls which promote the drainage of the brewed liquid across the substance to the outlet(s) of the capsule. 
     In another possible aspect, the capsule has a rigid lid resiliably attached to the cup-shaped body. The lid can be plastic. The lid and body can be attached via a radial deflectable sealing means which opens by effect of the centrifugal effect to let the food lid pass. For example, the deflectable sealing means can comprise at least one peripheral plastic lip of the lid engaging in a seat of the cup-shaped body or vice versa. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Additional features of the invention will appear in the detailed description of the figures which follows. 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic representation of system of the invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic representation of a brewing module in open position of the system of the invention into which is inserted a capsule; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic representation of a brewing module in closed position of the system of the invention which encloses a capsule; 
         FIG. 4  is a detailed cross sectional view of the system of the invention in a first embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is an exploded view of another embodiment of the device of the invention; 
         FIG. 6  shows a sealed capsule which can be used in the device of the invention according to  FIG. 4 or 5 ; 
         FIG. 7  shows a capsule after its use in the system of the invention; 
         FIG. 8  is a detailed cross sectional view of the system of the invention in a second embodiment; 
         FIG. 9  shows a detail of the system of  FIG. 8 ; 
         FIG. 10  shows a cross sectional view of the cup-shaped body of the capsule in the system of  FIGS. 7 and 8 ; 
         FIG. 11  shows a detail view of the clipping edge of the sup-shaped body; 
         FIG. 12  shows a cross sectional view of a detail, i.e., the engaging connection, of the cup-shaped body of  FIG. 10 ; 
         FIG. 13  shows a plane view of the detail of  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 14  shows a cross sectional view of the lid of the capsule in the system of  FIGS. 8 and 9 ; 
         FIG. 15  shows a detailed view of the deflectable sealing means of the lid of  FIG. 14 ; 
         FIG. 16  shows a cross sectional view of the cup-shaped body of the capsule according to another embodiment; 
         FIG. 17  shows a cross sectional view of a detail of the body of  FIG. 16 ; 
         FIG. 18  shows a cross sectional view of the lid of the capsule that connects to the capsule&#39;s body of the embodiment of  FIGS. 16 and 17 ; 
         FIG. 19  shows a detail of the lid of  FIG. 18 ; 
         FIG. 20  shows a sealed capsule and an operational mode for removing the seal of the capsule; 
         FIG. 21  shows a schematic view of the system of the invention according to another possible embodiment; 
         FIG. 22  shows a schematic view of the system according to still another embodiment; 
         FIG. 23  shows a schematic view of the system according to still another embodiment; 
         FIG. 24  shows a view of a capsule according to another mode of the invention; 
         FIG. 25  shows a schematic representation of a brewing module in closed position of the system of the invention according to yet another embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The system  1  of the invention is illustrated in  FIG. 1  in the more general sense. The system comprises a device  2  and a capsule  3 . The device has a brewing module  4  into which the capsule can be inserted for being brewed and is removed after use for being discarded (e.g., for waste or recycling). The module is in fluid communication with a water reservoir  5  containing fresh or, alternatively heated water. A fluid transport means such as a low pressure pump  6  can be provided in the water circuit to transport water from the reservoir to the module. A water heater  7  is further provided to heat water to the desired temperature. It can be noted that water could be heated in the reservoir itself and water could be transported from the reservoir by effect of vaporisation. Water can be fed into the module  4  at low or substantially no pressure. For example, a pressure between 0 and 2 bars above atmospheric pressure can be envisaged at the inlet  8  of the module. 
     The brewing module  4  can comprise referencing means  40 ,  41  for retaining the capsule in a predetermined position in the module. The capsule can be maintained in a slightly inclined position to promote the exit flow of the brewed liquid to a brewed liquid outlet  9 . For instance, an angle of inclination relative to vertical can be between 2 and 65 degrees. The referencing means can comprise a capsule holder  410  and an injection lid  400 . Both holder  410  and lid  400  are mounted to rotate along an axis of rotation I. The capsule holder comprises a cavity having the shape of the capsule to be received. The lid is designed to assemble against the capsule holder in a removable manner. A liquid passage  42  can be created in the module to enable liquid to be drained and collected from the capsule to the fixed outlet  9 . 
     Driving means  10  are provided for driving the lid  400  and capsule holder  410  together in rotation and, by way of consequence, the capsule too. For this, the driving means includes an electrical motor  11  having a shaft connected to the capsule holder to force the capsule holder  41  in rotation. Since the lid  40  is attached to the capsule holder  41 , the lid is also driven in rotation at the same speed as the capsule holder. 
     The surfaces of the collecting means of the device can be regulated in temperature so that the brewed liquid exiting the capsule is maintained at a proper temperature and does not cool down before reaching the cup. For this the lid assembly  40  and/or capsule holder assembly  41  can be associated to heating elements  46  for maintaining the capsule holder at a heated regulated temperature, such as with heating wires or thick films and the like. 
       FIGS. 2 and 3  show a detailed view of the principle of centrifugation of the capsule. The device comprises a capsule holder assembly  41  with a holder  410  having a trunconical housing  44  in which the capsule  3  is inserted. The holder is mounted along an axis of rotation I by a bearing  43 . The injection lid assembly  40  is provided with an internal lid  400  which can be mounted on a fixed support part  401  of the lid assembly  40  in a pivotable manner along the axis I when the device is closed ( FIG. 3 ). 
     The lid assembly and capsule holder assembly are associated along a transversal axis A between an open position as illustrated in  FIG. 2  and a closed position of  FIG. 3 . 
     At the inside surface of the injection lid  40  is placed a piercing structure  450  which has the function of piercing the injection side  30  of the capsule. A water injector or lance  50  is provided which traverses the injection side  30  and which comprises an injection conduit for carrying water from the water circuit into the capsule. The water injector  50  is preferably located in the centre of the capsule. Water can thus be injected in the capsule at a location placed between the capsule lid  30  and the capsule bottom  31 . The outlet of the water injector is placed closer to the bottom  31  than to the lid so that water can first wet the substance in the bottom area of the capsule. The lid further comprises outlet piercing elements  51  which are placed on the inside of the lid at a radial position. Preferably, a series of piercing elements  51  are placed uniformly along the periphery of the lid. Further the capsule comprises an inclined sidewall  32  which widens from the bottom  31  to the top  30  in direction of the radial openings or outlets pierced by the piercing elements  51 . The lid is further provided with a collecting assembly  52  comprising an inside chamber  53  surrounding the capsule&#39;s radial openings and a nozzle  530  forming a tube for directing the beverage of liquid food to the recipient or cup. It can be noted that there is no need for a hermetical arrangement between the upper and lower parts  40 ,  41  of the device. Since water is pushed by the effect of gravity, water flows radially and uniformly to the sidewall  32  of the capsule to traverse the substance toward the periphery of the capsule and upwards to the radial opening along the sidewall  32 . The brewed liquid so impacts the outward surface of the collecting assembly  52  and is so collected and pushed still by effect of gravity to the collecting nozzle  530 . The advantage of the system is that there is a low axial pressure therefore there is less need for high mechanical closure forces. The technology is relatively simple since a motor working at low current is sufficient to provide the necessary momentum to carry out the brewing process. Furthermore, several types of heaters can be used such as thermos or gas. 
       FIG. 4  shows a more sophisticated system of the invention. The system comprises a capsule holder  41  which is associated to a central rotating rod  45  mounted along a lower bearing  43 , which is supported on a support  46 . On the lower end of the rod  45  is associated an electric rotary motor  11 . At the opposite side, a lid  40  is associated to an upper bearing  47 , along a hollow rotating rod  48  for the entry of water in the capsule through a conduit  49  traversing the rotating rod  48 . The rotating rod  45  is mounted on an upper frame  60  of the system. A series of needles  51  is also positioned on the side of the lid  40  to form small perforations at the periphery of the upper side of the capsule. The number of needles can be set between 5 and 50, preferably between 10 and 30. The higher the number of needles, the more uniform the distribution of liquid can be. When the needles  51  are engaged in the capsule, the lid is driven in rotation by the capsule itself which is also driven by the rotor  45 . 
     The rotational speed can be set between about 1000 and 20000 rpm. For this a control unit C ( FIG. 1 ) is provided in the device for adjusting the rotational speed as a function of the beverage to be brewed. The higher the rotational speed, the more radial pressure is exerted in the capsule by the liquid and the more the substance is compacted on the sidewall of the capsule. Also, the higher the speed, the lower the residence time of the liquid in the capsule. 
     For example, for tea, the rotational speed can be minimal to enable a slow transfer of water through the mass of tea leaves and to provide an infusion of the tea. 
     For ground coffee, the speed should be high, i.e., higher than 5000 rpm, preferably within a range of about 8000-16000 rpm, in order to perform optimal extraction conditions in term of coffee solid contents in the cup and quality of the crema. It has been surprisingly found that crema obtained is much creamier than by using the standard espresso brewing methods. 
     Therefore, depending on the types of beverage to be brewed, the control unit can be programmed to adjust the optimal centrifugal conditions. For instance, the control unit may be associated to a capsule recognition system enabling to recognize the types of capsules, i.e., espresso, lungo, cappuccino, latte, tea, etc., and to adjust the speed and/or other brewing parameters (e.g., water temperature) according the capsule which is inserted in the device. 
     The brewed liquid is collected in a collecting chamber  52  of the support  46  and drained through a collecting tube  9 . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates another embodiment in which the injection lid  40  is connected to the capsule holder  41  by a bayonet type connection  55  or any equivalent connection means. In this embodiment, only one lower bearing (not shown) is necessary. The capsule holder  41  and the lid  40  are thus connected together and both turn along a lower rotational axle  45 . The capsule holder comprises a cavity  550  for receiving the capsule. The injection lid is then connected to the capsule holder along a helicoidal tightening momentum by the bayonet means  55 . For example, the bayonet means can comprise a series of radially extending protrusions on the lid which fits into a series of hooks carried on the edge of the capsule holder. Tightening may be performed by a gripping portion  61  placed on the upper side of the lid. However, the assembly must let liquid pass between the lid and the holder. A sealing joint between the lid and holder is therefore not desirable. A predefined clearance may also be ensured for controlling the exit flow of the brewed liquid by foreseeing slots or grooves of predetermined dimensions at the interface between the lid and holder. 
     A collecting assembly  46  having the shape of a cup larger than the capsule holder is also placed about the brewing enclosure  40 ,  41  for collecting the brewed liquid. The collecting assembly takes support on a base  62  of the device onto which is connected the motor  11 . A liquid duct  9  is provided on a side of the cup which is slightly inclined downwards for the liquid to flow in the direction of a receptacle (e.g., a beverage cup). 
       FIGS. 6 and 7  illustrate a capsule that can suit the device according to the different embodiments of  FIGS. 2 to 5 . In  FIG. 6 , the capsule  7  comprises a cup-shaped body  70  with upwardly oriented sidewall  76  and a bottom wall  77 . The sidewall forms a portion of cone which promotes the collection of the brewed liquid internally. The body terminates by an upper edge  72  raising outwards onto which is sealed a lid  71 . The lid may be a flexible pierceable membrane of several microns in aluminium and/or plastic. The lid can be welded on the upper edges  72  of the body. It can be pointed out that the membrane and body preferably comprise gas barrier layers such as aluminium and/or EVOH. 
     The capsule contains a substance chosen among the list consisting of ground coffee, soluble coffee, tea, a whitener such as dairy or non-dairy ingredient(s), herbal tea, nutritional substance, culinary ingredients and a mixture thereof. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates the capsule after brewing of the substance in the device. A central water inlet  73  is pierced through the lid for passage of the water injector  50 . On the side of the lid are pierced outlets  74  communicating with the inside cavity for the brewed liquid to exit the capsule. 
     Another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in relation to  FIGS. 8 and 9 . In this embodiment, a capsule  8  comprising its own inflow and outflow means. More specifically, the capsule comprises a cup-shaped body  80  made of plastic onto which is secured a plastic lid  81 . The lid can be tightly clipped onto the body along its edge by sealing means  82  illustrated in more details in  FIGS. 9, 14 and 15 . The sealing means act as a valve. More particularly, the edge of the body comprises a peripheral groove  83  formed of two small parallel and circular portions of wall rising upwardly. For this, the lid has a peripheral portion of wall forming a lip  84  that inserts itself in the groove  83 . The lip  84  can end by a thicker rounded shape  85  to create a closing pressure on the surface of the groove  83  in the housing, which pressure must be overcome to let the liquid pass through the cavity or annular groove  83 . The sealing lip  84  is designed in such a way that it can open a radial passage in the groove for the brewed liquid under the effect of liquid opening them when the liquid is centrifuged. 
     At the periphery of the lid is provided a secondary closure lip  86  that fits on the outer edge  87  of the body. This second lip  86  is designed to provide locking of the lid on the body of the capsule. For this, the lip  86  comprises an enlarged section  860  which presses on the outer surface  87  of the edge of the body. 
     The secondary lip  86  creates a clipping function for connection of the lid onto the body and eventually it also forms a second hurdle to be overcome for the brewed liquid to pass. This tortuous path as formed by the series of lips  84 ,  86  and the groove  83  generates high shear forces on the brewed liquid. The secondary lip can also be traversed by radial slits for promoting the flow of the brewed liquid (not shown). For coffee, this may result in generating a thicker and more stable crema. It can be noted that this lip could be omitted in the context of a simpler structure of the capsule. 
     In the centre of the capsule&#39;s lid is provided a water flow distribution member formed of a tubular portion  88  extending from the lid. This tubular portion  88  has a water inlet  89  which can be fitted to the water injection conduit  49  of the injection lid  40  of the system. The tubular portion  88  ends by flow distributing means  880  formed of several slots directed outwards in the cavity of the capsule. Several slots are distributed at the free end of the tubular portion  88 . The tubular support may abut against the bottom surface of the body for demarcating the slots and for directing water in many radial directions. For instance, the number of slots may be comprised between 2 and 10. Therefore, water coming from the top will traverse the tube  88  and will exit the tube at the slots in the radial direction of the arrow B identified on  FIG. 9 . It can be noticed that water is so injected preferably close to the bottom of the capsule; therefore ensuring a proper wetting of the substance, e.g., coffee powder, and in the direction from the bottom to the top (i.e., between the lid and body) where the brewed liquid leaves the capsule. 
     The capsule  8  of  FIGS. 8 to 15  according to this embodiment can further include means  840  for gripping the bottom of the capsule and so enabling the capsule to be properly driven in rotational motion by the device. For this, the means  840  comprises a small tubular portion protruding in the bottom of the capsule and into which can be inserted a complementary tubular portion  450  of the rotational driving means of the device. 
     The driving means of the device further comprise a drive shaft  45  associated to a support  451  for holding the bottom of the capsule. Of course, the shape of the gripping means can take many other variations without departing from the scope of the present invention.  FIGS. 12 and 13  show a gripping structure  840  having a central recess  841  and four arched recesses  842 ,  843 ,  844 ,  845  extending from the central recess  841 . This gripping structure forms a lock into which is fitted a complementary engaging structure  450 , i.e., a key, of the capsule holder  451 . The complementary shapes of the capsule and capsule holder enable to fulfil both the gearing function for driving the capsule at high speeds in rotation and a safety function for ensuring that only capsules adapted to the system can be used and brewed successfully. 
     In this embodiment for  FIGS. 8 and 9 , the device itself comprises, as in the preceding modes, upper and lower bearings  43 ,  47  for enabling the injection lid and support of capsule  451  to rotate in conjunction with the capsule  3 . Surrounding the capsule is a collecting assembly  52  with a cup  520  formed of a side and bottom walls  521  and an upper closing cover  522 . The cover also serves for receiving the upper bearing  43  while the lower cup  520  has a central recess for receiving the lower bearing  47 . The cup  520  and the cover  522  can be assembled in fluid tight manner to avoid uncontrolled projection of brewed liquid. Therefore connection means  523  can be provided and a fluid tight sealing element, such as an O-ring  524 , can also serve to ensure tightness between the two parts. Also a beverage outlet tube (not shown) can be provided to drain the beverage outside of the collecting assembly. 
     As also apparent in  FIG. 8 , the driving means of the device comprise a lower electrical motor  11  which is coupled to a driving shaft or drive connector  45  which is itself connected to the capsule holder  451 . Note that the capsule holder may be a simple plate support or disc  451  or a support shaped as a cup. 
     The brewing operation of the system of  FIGS. 8 and 9  can be shortly explained as follows: 
     A capsule  3  as described contains a dose of substance is provided. The capsule can be filled with roast and ground coffee. The capsule is inserted in the cup  520  when the cover is removed and placed on the capsule holder  451  with the engaging structure of the engaging structure  450  fitting the recess portion  840  of bottom of the capsule. By the approach and connection of the cover  522  to the cup  520 , The injection lid  40  is then connected or associated to the capsule&#39;s lid  81  with the water conduit  89  coming in communication with the water injection tube  88  of the capsule. When the device is in the closed position of  FIG. 8 , water can be injected at low pressure or just poured into the conduit through the tubular portion  88 . Preferably, some water is poured to start wetting the substance in the capsule before the capsule is driven in rotation by the rotational driving means of the device. Then, the control unit starts the motor and the capsule is so driven in rotation at high speed to perform the centrifugal brewing operation. Under the effect of centrifugal forces, the powder substance tends to compact itself radially whereas water is forced to flow through the substance. This results in the substance being both compacted and intimately wetted by water. Due to high speed rotational movement, the centrifugal forces exert themselves uniformly on the mass of substance. Consequently, the water distribution is also more uniform compared to usual methods using a pressure pump to exert pressure on and through the bed of substance. As a result, there is less risk of preferential flow path through the substance which could lead to areas which are not properly wetted and so not properly extracted. With ground coffee powder, the liquid that reaches the internal sidewall of the capsule is so a liquid coffee extract. This liquid extract is then forced to flow upwards along the side of the capsule up to the sealing means  82 . The sealing means  82  are thus submitted to an opening force by the liquid under the centrifuge effect. This results in the lip that tends to bend outwardly to create a passage between the surface  85  and the inner surface of the groove. Similarly, the second lip is also forced to bend or alternatively may allow a certain leakage, for example, with premade slits for letting the liquid escape the capsule. The liquid can thus flow through the small peripheral groove  83  and can exit out of the capsule. The brewed liquid can be so collected by the collector  52  and be guided outside of the device into the recipient. 
       FIGS. 16 to 19  illustrate another embodiment of the capsule according to the invention. This capsule has a cup-shaped body  80  comprising the same gripping means  840  at its outer surface for enabling the capsule to be driven in rotation in the device. The capsule also comprises a lid  81  shown in  FIGS. 18 and 19 . Contrary to the capsule of the preceding mode, the lid  80  and body  81  are attached by permanent connecting means such as ultrasonic welding. The brewed liquid that is centrifuged is allowed to pass through a series of slits  810  provided on the upwardly protruding edge  880  of the body. The slits are sized so to act as a filter for retaining the solid particles such as the ground coffee particles but let the liquid leave the capsule. The lid is connected with the edge  880  fitting into a radial groove  840  of the lid  81  ( FIG. 19 ).  FIG. 17  also shows small indents  830  serving as energy directors that can melt during the ultrasonic welding. In the present mode, the capsule does not comprise a deflecting sealing lip but it simply has slits  810  for enabling the brewed liquid to traverse the capsule. The capsule of this mode can be used in a device as illustrated in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . 
     In  FIG. 20 , a sealed capsule of the invention is shown. The capsule is formed, as described in the preceding modes, of a cup-shaped body  80  onto which is assembled a lid  81 . The water inlet  89  of the lid is covered by a sealing membrane  890 . The radial outlet area placed between the lid and body is also covered by a sealing membrane  891 . Note that the same sealing membrane could cover both the water inlet  89  and the outlet area for the brewed liquid. The sealing membrane  891  can be a tamper evidence element such as a ribbon of an adhesive membrane sealed along the line between the lid and body. The ribbon can be cut by a cutting tool  910  in the machine, such as a blade or an equivalent means. As the capsule is driven in rotation (as shown by arrow C), the cutting tool is approached in contact with the ribbon which is thus automatically cut. The capsule is so no longer impervious and liquid can escape the capsule through the radial edge of the capsule as previously explained. One can note that the sealing membrane(s) can also be made of a peelable adhesive material so that the user himself can remove it (them). 
     According to  FIG. 21 , the system may also foresee an injection of water by aspiration under the effect of the rotational momentum. For this, a capsule is housed in the referencing means  40 ,  41 . An injection tube  8  connects a water reservoir to the inside of the capsule. The device is so oriented that the reservoir is below the capsule and water is transported by the vacuum that is produced in the centre of the capsule. The injection tube also engages into the capsule up to a region preferably closer to the more narrow side or bottom so that water can wet the whole mass of substance, e.g., ground coffee powder. 
     One can note that the capsule can be positioned with its sidewall widening downwardly. In  FIG. 22 , the system is similar but the orientation of the capsule is simply inverted and it widens upwardly. 
     In the two embodiments of  FIGS. 21 and 22 , water is preferably injected near the more narrow side of the capsule, i.e., opposite the widening side, in order for the liquid to flow through the substance in the direction of the wider side of the capsule and to then exit the capsule. 
       FIG. 23  illustrates another capsule of the invention. The capsule comprises means for connecting it to the external rotational driving means of the device. For this, capsule has a toothed structure  75  on at least one of its outer surface. The capsule has a body  70  comprising an upper edge  72  which can be closed by an upper membrane  71 . The toothed structure comprises a series of teeth which is positioned below the edge or rim  72  of the body of the capsule. The teeth are placed along the whole periphery of the body of the capsule. The body of the capsule can be made of plastic and/or aluminium or aluminium alloy. For example, it can be moulded by injection of plastic or deep drawn in aluminium. For example, the shape of the teeth could be slightly triangular, oval, rectangular or pyramidal. It should be noticed that the teeth could be replaced by other equivalent structures such as series of elements in relief and/or hollow. For example, slits, pins or small needles can be envisaged. 
     The device itself that receives the capsule of  FIG. 23  comprises a toothed surface of complementary shape.  FIG. 24  shows a capsule holder  44  adapted to receive the capsule of  FIG. 23 . The capsule holder has a cavity into which are provided hollow teeth  440 . The hollow teeth are arranged to fit the teeth  750  on the outer surface of the capsule. 
     It should be noted that the connecting or engaging structure of  FIG. 23  can replace the structure of the capsule of  FIGS. 8 and 9  or reciprocally. 
     In  FIG. 25 , is illustrated another embodiment of the brewing system of the invention. The difference is here that a water by-pass conduit  500  is provided in addition to the main water conduit  50  for adding a volume of water in the collecting assembly  52 . A volume of water may be added before, during or after the centrifugal brewing operation in the capsule. The by-pass conduit ends on the upper surface of the rotating lid  400 . The upper surface of the lid  400  may comprise a water distribution structure such as radial grooves or recesses to promote the flow of water toward the surface of the collecting assembly. The control unit may control the delivery of the added volume of water so that the volume is added at the same time as the coffee extract is delivered by centrifugation so that the foam that is created on the top of the beverage is not destroyed. 
     The system and method of the invention provide remarkable brewing results with solid contents which are higher than usual methods and devices. The results are very reproducible from capsule to capsule. Surprisingly, crema is also remarkably improved with a creamier, more stable and thicker texture. 
     Of course, the invention may encompass many variants which are included in the scope of the patent claims that follow.