Abstract:
The present invention relates to a measuring and dispensing device having a container cap securely fastened to a container by screw threads or other suitable means; two piece rotatable metering drum connected to the cap by a rotatable, snap-action ring; and an exit spout on the opposite end of the metering drum attached to the drum by a rotatable, snap-action ring. An objective in the development of the present device was to reduce the height of the metering drum which is achieved by splitting the metering drum along a parting line, and then permanently joining the two parts by a non-rotatable locking snap-action ring so that the entrance and exiting openings to the metering drum are approximately ⅜ inch in diameter while the interior of the metering drum chambers vary in size to accommodate the ¼, ½, and 1 teaspoon measurement amounts.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a measuring and dispensing device which can be used for powdered and granular materials, and is particularly suitable for dispensing spices, but it may be used with other kinds of free flowing materials such as medicines, tooth powder, sugar, coffee, and the like. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Many people working in the culinary arts, and homemakers have used measuring spoons over the years to measure liquids, and free flowing materials of various kinds. There are obvious disadvantages to the use of measuring spoons such as having them readily available for use, having to open the condiment or other jar, and scooping out the correct amount without spilling the material on the counter top or floor. There has been a need for measuring devices which are attached directly to the container, and inventors have responded with alternative concepts for measuring and dispensing all types of liquids and free flowing materials by means of container tops having chambers within them. The present device has features that make it suitable for mounting on standard 3½ ounce and 5½ ounce spice jars which have a small exit opening which has an internal diameter of 1.25 inches, thereby making it difficult to keep the height of the measuring device, when measuring ¼, ½, and 1 teaspoon amounts, to a minimum. The standard spice jars are small, approximately 3½ inches in height for a 3½ ounce jar. Replacing the standard cap, on these small jars, with a measuring device which is much longer than 1 inch in height creates multiple problems. Spice jars with measuring caps that are too long do not fit on many multiple level spice racks. In multiple level spice racks that can accommodate the added length of the spice jar, removal and replacement is complicated by the small clearance between the top of the measurement cap and the next level of spices. Long measuring and dispensing jar tops on such a small jar have a poor appearance, and become top heavy especially when lighter weight spices such as flaked parsley or flaked oregano are used. A longer jar top also has the disadvantage of having smaller holes in the entrance and exit openings for the lower volumes of spice such as ¼ teaspoon. Smaller diameter chambers with longer lengths and smaller entrance and exit openings also create flow problems. 
     The Palmer, U.S. Pat. No. 4,832,235, shows a measuring design depicted in FIG.  1 B. The Palmer design has a long length, approximately 2 inches, because the central shaft, and the largest chamber opening to accommodate a 1 teaspoon measurement size, take up a large space within the very limited 1.25 inch diameter of the inside of the exiting diameter of a standard spice jar. The Palmer design must be rotated 90 degrees to move between an open chamber and the next chamber. The 90 degree rotation for each of 4 filling positions restricts the cross-section of the 1 teaspoon size chamber to a 90 degree sector. This restriction along with the unusable space taken up by the central shaft requires that the 1 teaspoon size chamber has to be approximately 2 inch in length. Also, in the Palmer design the required long length of the drum makes the ¼ teaspoon entrance and exit diameters of the drum small, less than ¼ inch diameter, to achieve the required volume. 
     Other dispensing devices include Slayton, U.S. Pat. No. 3,695,487; Lee, U.S. Pat. No. 3,308,995; Fridman, U.S. Pat. No. 5,271,535; Saunders, U.S. Pat. No. 2,515,735; Tepper, U.S. Pat. No. 2,898,010; and, Bode, U.S. Pat. No. 3,269,612. These patents are all related to dispensing measured amounts of various free flowing materials. In Slayton, “pockets” are used to measure the amount of material selected. The design has a central shaft which reduces the available space for the pocket opening, and the opening width of the largest pocket is controlled by the sector size. The restricted area within a standard spice jar establishes the height of the pockets for the 1 teaspoon size. The measurement pocket is too high with the design as shown in the patent for a 1 teaspoon measurement. Fridman, Saunders, Tepper, and Bode all have the limitation of central shafts, which occupy space within the allowable area of a standard spice jar cap opening, thereby limiting the size of the available measurement chamber opening, and therefor making a low measurement chamber height unobtainable. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention consists of ajar top device applicable to all types of containers but specifically suitable for use with standard spice jars of the 3½ ounce and 5½ ounce sizes, that allows for measurement and dispensing of desired quantities of free flowing material. The spice jar top has three primary parts, a jar cap which replaces the standard spice jar cap, a metering drum section, and a spout. The cap has a threaded attachment which is screwed onto the spice jar, and an inclined interface ring which permits attachment to a metering drum by a rotatable, snap-action ring located on the metering drum. The metering drum has three measuring chambers for measuring ¼ teaspoon, ½ teaspoon, and 1 teaspoon quantities. The metering drum is attached to the spice jar cap at the entrance end of the chambers by the rotatable, snap-action ring. An inclined interface ring is located at the exit end of the chambers for attachment to the spout. The spout is attached to the metering drum at the exit end of the chambers by a rotatable, snap-action ring located on the spout. 
     The jar cap has a single opening approximately ⅜ inch in diameter which serves as the entrance opening for the spices coming from the jar into the measuring chambers in the metering drum. The entrance opening matches three further openings located on the entrance end of the metering drum which three openings are also approximately ⅜ inch in diameter. The metering drum has three measuring chambers, a ¼ teaspoon, ½ teaspoon, and 1 teaspoon sizes, which have matching, approximately ⅜ inch diameter entrance openings at the entrance end, and matching, approximately ⅜ inch diameter exit openings at the exit end of the metering drum. The center portion of the metering drum is expanded in size from the entrance and exit openings to provide the full measurement volume within a reduced length, of approximately 1 inch, of the metering drum. The choice of ⅜ inch diameters at the metering drum interface with the jar cap and spout permits 6 rotational positions. Three positions have approximately ⅜ inch diameter openings aligned to allow flow into or out of the measuring chambers of the metering drum, and three positions block flow into or out of the measuring chambers of the metering drum. To achieve the openings and volumes within a metering drum height of approximately 1 inch the metering drum is split into two parts. The two parts of the metering drum are securely locked in place by a locking, snap-action ring. The ring is located on the part of the metering drum furthest away from the spice jar, and mates with a locking interface ring located on the part of the metering drum nearest to the spice jar. The two parts of the metering drum are also aligned during assembly and prevented from rotation by anti-rotation tabs located on the part nearest the spice jar which mate with anti-rotation grooves located on the part furthest from the jar. 
     In the present invention the entrance and exit openings of each of the chambers is intentionally sized at an approximately ⅜ inch diameter which is accomplished by the split metering drum design. The larger volume contained within the drum does not affect the size of the entrance and exit openings. The ⅜ inch diameter entrance and exit openings were selected to provide a sufficient opening size to improve the flow of smaller measured amounts, such as the ¼ teaspoon amount, through the openings, and also to accommodate larger spices such as flake sized spice materials which have difficulty passing through holes which are smaller than ⅜ inches in diameter, especially if the length of the chamber is long. Another benefit of using ⅜ inch diameter entrance and exit holes is that blank spaces can be accommodated between the entrance and exit openings so that approximately 60 degrees of rotation in either direction from the entrance or exit hole blocks the path of material either into or out of the drum. This feature allows the measured amount to be pre-selected in the upright position of the spice jar and then the jar can be inverted for filling that chamber. Then, once the chamber is filled, the chamber entrance hole can be closed, by rotation of the cap to a blank space, thereby blocking any further flow of spice into the chamber. The spice can then be stored in the chamber or dispensed. If it is desired to dispense the spice the exit hole in the spout is then opened by rotating the spout from a blank space to the open position, while the spice jar is still in the inverted position, and the spice will be dispensed. 
     The spice jar top described herein preferably, but optionally, has arrows and markings indicating the locations of the measuring chambers for the ¼ teaspoon, ½ teaspoon, and 1 teaspoon sizes, and further preferably but optionally, raised bars to indicate the location of blocked spaces. The desired amount of spice is dialed into the device by rotating the rotatable, snap-action ring furthest away from the spice jar to a blocked position, and then rotating the rotatable, snap-action ring nearest to the spice jar to the desired position. Inverting the jar then fills the measuring chamber. The entire spice jar top is preferably made from clear polypropylene plastic material, but other materials may be used. The filling of the selected chamber is observed visually through the clear plastic metering drum to insure that it is completely filled then the rotatable, snap-action ring located nearest to the spice jar is rotated to a blocked position so no further contact is made between the spices within the spice jar and the measuring chamber. Then, the rotatable snap-action ring located at the exit spout is rotated to the open position to allow the spices to flow out of the measuring chamber. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The drawings which describe the above features are as follows: 
     FIG. 1A is a cross-section of the present invention; 
     FIG. 1B is a cross-section of U.S. Pat. No. 4,832,235 to Palmer; 
     FIG. 2A is a cross-section of the complete measurement device; 
     FIG. 2B is an end view of the spice jar cap; 
     FIG. 2C is an end view of the exit spout; 
     FIG. 2D is a cross-section of a center portion of the metering drum at the parting line of the metering drum; 
     FIG. 2E is an enlarged cross-section of the joint between the spice jar cap and the metering drum; 
     FIG. 2F is an enlarged cross-section of the joint between the portion of the metering drum nearest to the spice jar, and the portion of the metering drum furthest away from the spice jar; 
     FIG. 2G is an enlarged cross-section of the joint between the metering drum and the exit spout; 
     FIG. 3A is an exterior view of the markings on the exterior of the complete device; 
     FIG. 3B is an exterior view showing the entire device mounted on top of a standard 3½ ounce spice jar. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The present invention is described in further detail as follows: 
     FIG. 2A shows a cross-section of the entire measuring and dispensing device and illustrates the relationship of the parts to each other. The device has a jar cap  20 ; a metering drum  21  consisting of two parts, a cap to metering drum interface disc  23 , and a primary containment drum  35 ; and an exit spout  22 . The jar cap  20  has an internal thread  44 , and an inclined interface ring  29  on one end, shown in FIG.  2 E. The cap to metering drum interface disc  23  has a rotatable, snap-action ring  30  on one end, and an inclined interface ring  36  on the opposite end, shown in FIGS. 2E and 2F. The primary containment drum  35  has a locking, snap-action ring  37  on one end, and an inclined interface ring  32  on the opposite end, shown in FIGS. 2A,  2 F and  2 G. The exit spout  22  has a rotatable, snap-action ring  33  on one end, shown in FIG.  2 G. The primary containment drum  35  has ¼ teaspoon, ½ teaspoon, and 1 teaspoon chambers designated, respectively, as  26 ,  27 , and  28  contained therein, shown in FIG.  2 D. 
     The jar cap  20 , located nearest to the spice jar  19 , replaces the standard spice jar cap. It has an internal thread  44 , which mates with the standard spice jar  19  threaded end. The jar cap  20  has an external, inclined interface ring  29 , shown in FIG. 2E, on the end of the cap furthest away from the spice jar  19 , for mating with a rotatable, snap-action ring  30 . The snap-action ring is a part of the cap-to-metering drum interface disc  23 , shown in FIGS. 2A and 2F, which is located on the spice entrance end of the metering drum  21 . The described interface permits rotation of the metering drum  21  with respect to the jar cap  20  while providing interface pressure between the mating planar faces  41  of the jar cap  20  and metering drum  21 . The interface pressure is used to prevent leakage between the planar faces  41  when the device is rotated from position to position. The angle on the incline of the interface ring  29  is designed to provide sealing pressure directed inward towards the vertical axis of the metering drum  21  while, at the same time, providing interface sealing pressure between the mating planar faces  41  of the jar cap  20  and the metering drum  21 . The angle of the incline is about 60 degrees as shown in FIG.  2 E. An approach ramp  31  is provided on the external surface of the jar cap  20  at the end furthest away from the spice jar to permit hand assembly between the jar cap  20 , and the metering drum  21 . The jar cap  20  has a single opening  24 , approximately ⅜ inch in diameter, on the planar surface  42  nearest the metering drum  21 . The opening lies completely within the internal 1.25 inch inside diameter of the spice jar  19  so as to allow spices to enter the opening freely. 
     The metering drum  21  is split into two parts. The part nearest the spice jar  19  is the spice cap-to-metering drum interface disc  23 , shown in FIGS. 2A and 2F. The spice cap-to-metering drum interface disc  23  has a rotatable, snap-action ring  30 , shown in FIG. 2E, on the end nearest to the spice jar  19 , and an external inclined interface ring  36 , shown in FIG. 2F, on the end furthest away from the spice jar  19 . The spice cap-to-metering drum interface disc  23  has three, approximately ⅜ inch diameter, entrance openings at the planar surface  42  nearest to the spice jar  19 , and openings matching preferred enlarged size openings, located in the primary containment drum  35 , furthest away from the spice jar  19 . Enlarged openings in the primary containment drum  35  are preferred in order to keep the length of the measurement drum  21  as short as practical. 
     The ⅜ inch diameter openings in the cap-to-metering drum interface disc  23  have a transition  45  from the ⅜ inch diameter sizes to their respective measurement chambers, ¼ teaspoon, ½ teaspoon, and 1 teaspoon,  26 ,  27 , and  28  respectively, located in the primary containment drum  35 . The primary containment drum chambers  26 ,  27 , and  28  have a transition  45  from the measurement chambers to the ⅜ inch diameter openings at the exit spout  22  interface. The transition  45  from the ⅜ inch diameter inlet and exiting openings of the metering drum  21  to the measuring chambers  26 ,  27 , and  28  have straight sides between them, but other transition contours can be used. The increased volumetric feature provided by the split metering drum permits the length of the metering drum  21  to be shortened, controlled by the allowable volume of the largest, 1 teaspoon, measurement. The metering drum  21 , shown in FIG. 2A, is approximately 1 inch in length although it could be made even shorter by increasing the cross-section of the largest, 1 teaspoon, chamber  28 . But, as described herein, there is a practical limit for the length of the metering drum  21  related to operational considerations. 
     The primary containment drum  35  has the measuring chambers  26 ,  27 , and  28 , shown in FIG. 2D, contained therein. Each of the chambers have a center-line on the same diameter as the entrance openings located on the cap-to-metering drum interface disc  23 , and the opening located in the jar cap  24 , as well as the exit spout opening  25 . This permits all openings to be aligned to each other during filling and dispensing of spices. The primary containment drum  35  has a locking, snap-action ring  37 , shown in FIG. 2F, located on its exterior surface at the end nearest to the spice jar  19 , and an inclined interface ring  32 , shown in FIG. 2G, located on its exterior surface at the end furthest away from the spice jar  19 . The inclined ring  32  mates with the rotatable, snap-action ring  33  on the exit spout  22 . The primary containment drum  35  has three approximately ⅜ inch openings located at the planar interface  43  nearest to the exit spout  22 . The ⅜ inch diameter exit openings on the containment drum  35  bring the enlarged chambers back to the original entry opening size to interface with the ⅜ inch aperture  25  located in the exit spout  22 . The locking snap-action ring  37 , shown in FIG. 2F, on the primary containment drum  35  engages the locking interface ring  36 , on the cap-to-metering drum interface disc  23 , and is prevented from rotating by anti-rotation tabs  40  located on the cap-to-metering drum interface disc  23 , and the anti-rotation grooves  41 , shown in FIG. 2D and 2F, located on the primary containment drum  35 . There are four anti-rotation tabs  40 , and four mating anti-rotation grooves  41 , although other numbers of tabs and grooves could be used. One tab and groove is located 10 degrees off the vertical so that the matching openings in the metering drum interface disc  23 , and the primary containment drum  35  can only be aligned in one orientation. This insures that the correct aperture sizes will match each other in the mating parts. Further, the anti-rotation tabs  40 , and anti-rotation grooves  41  prevent rotation of the two sections of the metering drum  21  from rotating with respect to each another. 
     The locking snap-action ring  37 , shown in FIG. 2F, has a flat  38 , on the inside surface of the bulb end of the ring  37 . The flat is angled about 30 degrees from the horizontal, and mates with the about 30 degree flat surface  39  on the locking interface ring  36 . Flats  38  and  39  cooperate to provide a high interface pressure between the two sections of the metering drum  21  to prevent leakage. 
     The exit spout  22  is connected to the metering drum using an inclined interface ring  32  similar to the design of the interface used to attach the jar cap  20  to the metering drum  21 . The rotatable, snap-action ring  33  is wider than the rotatable, snap-action ring  30  at the cap interface in order to provide a better gripping area for rotating the exit spout  25  as the spout is smaller in diameter than the rotatable, snap-action ring  30  used to attach the metering drum  21  to the jar cap  20 . The exit spout  22  has exit spout opening  25 , approximately ⅜ inch in diameter, for final dispensing of the desired quantity of spices. 
     FIG. 3B shows the complete assembly of the standard size 3½ ounce spice jar  19  with the measurement and dispensing device mounted to it. FIGS. 3A and 3B also show arrows and bars used for aligning the three primary sections of the device to permit filling, and dispensing of the respective amounts, ¼, ½ and 1 teaspoon, of spices. If the arrows are aligned as shown in FIG. 3A the device can be used to sprinkle the desired amount of spices because a straight-through opening will be provided. If a table spoon is required the device can be used by measuring three teaspoons since three teaspoons are equal to one tablespoon.