Abstract:
Presented is a detachable and adjustable cover member for the sound hole of a string instrument such as a guitar. The cover member provides a base member to which are attached elastically resilient keeper blocks that detachably engage the periphery of the sound hole. The base member is apertured to admit sound into the hollow body of the string instrument and to enable feedback of such sound when the apertures are open to the atmosphere. An adjustable sound and feedback control dial is a detachably mounted on the top surface of the base member and is provided with apertures corresponding in size and configuration with the apertures in the base member. The control dial may be selectively digitally adjusted to place the apertures in the dial in registry with the apertures in the base member to enable the ingress and egress of sound therethrough or adjusted to partially or totally occlude the passage of sound through the sound hole. The cover member also provides a platform for the suspension of a humidifier assembly within the hollow body on which the sound hole cover member is detachably mounted.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    This invention a relates to musical instruments having a hollow body including an opening or hole for sound to escape from the hollow body and a fret board provided with strings that extend across the sound hole, and particularly to a detachable and adjustable sound feedback control device mounted on the instrument in cooperative association with the sound hole and adjustable to control the decibel level of the musical sound notes that emanate from the sound hole.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Prior Art  
           [0004]    Prior art pertinent to this invention includes U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,636,809; 4,024,788; 4,394,830 and 4,632,003.  
           [0005]    U.S. Pat. No. 3,636,809 discloses dual opposingly positioned sound holes incorporating a sound hole cover device capable of generating a variety of tonal colors ranging from a selection of total occlusion to zero occlusion or full opening thereof.  
           [0006]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,024,788 discloses a sound hole cover muting device for a guitar whereby the muting of the guitar is accomplished with a fully occlusive sound hole cover provided with a downward projecting resilient member that extends through the sound hole.  
           [0007]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,394,830 discloses a sound hole cover feedback reducer for acoustic and electric guitars, and in particular, as shown in FIG. 5 of that patent, the sound hole cover member is integrally provided with a plurality of resilient finger members shaped with so-called “inclined detent cam surfaces” operable for effecting cover retention by deforming radially inward during sound hole insertable installation and returning to the un-deformed retention attitude once insertable cover affixation has been accomplished and thereby collectively functioning to hold the cover in place.  
           [0008]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,632,003 discloses a variety of devices adapted to be mounted in the sound hole of a stringed instrument and having on its peripheral underside a cushioning gasket and a plurality of integral circumferentially spaced downwardly and radially outwardly projecting fingers adapted to slip under the associated peripheral edge portion of the sound hole to retain the device in operable association with the sound hole.  
           [0009]    The instant invention, however, provides new and useful structural and functional features in the art of stringed musical instrument sound quality enhancement and control devices by a combination of elements not taught by the prior art, resulting in the present device embodying construction features of novel merit as set forth hereinafter.  
           [0010]    One of the principal objects of the present invention is the provision of a detachable and adjustable cover member for the sound hole of a stringed musical instrument having a hollow body and a generally circular hole or aperture through which sound normally emanates when the instrument is played and the hole is open or non-occluded.  
           [0011]    Another object of the invention is the provision of a detachable and adjustable sound hole cover device that may be selectively applied to sound holes of different diameters ranging from 3¼″ to 4″.  
           [0012]    Still another object of the invention is the provision of a detachable and adjustable sound hole cover device that may be applied to help elimination of feedback in electric acoustic instruments, such as guitars, and to adjustably control sound emanating from the sound hole in conventional non-acoustic stringed instruments.  
           [0013]    Another object of the invention is the provision of a sound and feedback control device that includes a generally circular base plate detachably mounted in overlapping association with the a peripheral portion of the sound hole or aperture in the musical instrument and having formed therein independent openings that communicate with the interior of the hollow body, with a second element constituting a rotatable plate having occlusive areas corresponding with the independent openings in the base plate and pivotally mounted on the base plate and for digital manipulation to selectively either cover or uncover the independent openings formed in the base plate.  
           [0014]    A still further object of the invention is the provision of an occlusivally adjustable and detachably mountable cover member for the sound hole of a stringed instrument that is easy to install and remove, which fits snugly and sealingly over the sound hole and which includes an adjustable apertured dial enabling selection of the desired opening or closing of the sound hole.  
           [0015]    Yet another object of the invention is the provision of an occlusivaly adjustable and detachably mounted cover member for the sound hole of a stringed instrument wherein the surface of the base member facing into the sound hole is provided with a layer of acoustic absorbing material and the confronting surface of the adjustable apertured dial pivotally mounted on the base member is also provided with a layer of acoustic absorbent material.  
           [0016]    A still further object of the invention is the provision of an occlusivaly adjustable and detachably mountable cover member for the sound hole of a stringed instrument, such as a guitar, wherein the cover member is provided with a latterly extending plate portion on the surface of which are provided pockets for removably retaining guitar picks or other devices.  
           [0017]    Yet another object of the invention is a sound hole cover device as illustrated and described to which may be detachably secured a humidifier assembly for controlling the humidity within the hollow musical instrument.  
           [0018]    The invention possesses other objects and features of advantage, some of which, with the foregoing, will be apparent from the following description and the drawings. It is to be understood however that the invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated and described since it may be embodied in various forms within the scope of the appended claims.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0019]    In terms of broad inclusion the invention comprises a detachably mountable and occlusivally adjustable cover member for the sound hole of a string instrument, such as a guitar, to enable complete closure of the hole or digitally adjustable to provide varying degrees of opening of the sound hole. The cover member incorporates a flat base plate having a top surface and a bottom surface configured circularly about a central axis. The flat base plate is circularly configured about the central axis to overlap a circular peripheral edge portion of the sound hole and may also be provided with chordal projections adapted to embrace the associated end of a fingerboard. Alternatively, an arcuate portion of the base plate may be cut away to provide a chordal edge adapted to abut the associated end of a fingerboard, sometimes referred to as “fretboard”. The base plate is provided with two generally triangular openings the apices of which are coincident along a common plane that is diametrically offset from the central axis and lie on opposite sides of a pivotal axis that is coincident with the common plane that is diametrically offset from the central axis. Pivotally mounted on the base plate on the pivotal axis that is offset from the central axis is a circular adjustment plate or dial of less diameter than the base plate and circularly symmetrical about the pivotal axis. Formed in the circular adjustment or dial plate diametrically on opposite sides of the pivotal axis are a pair of generally triangular openings of substantially the same size and configuration of the generally triangular openings in the base plate. Means are provided on the outer peripheral edge of the rotatable adjustment plate to digitally effect selective rotation of the adjustment plate in relation to the base plate. When the generally triangular openings in the adjustment plate are circumferentially displaced so as to coincide with the openings in the base plate, the coincident openings uncover a specific area of the sound hole. From this position of the rotatable adjustment plate, the adjustment plate may be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise to progressively diminish the open area of the sound hole until it is totally occluded. Means are provided on the underside of the base plate and the adjustment dial plate to acoustically absorb sound emanating from the sound hole and to provide a seal between the base plate and the instrument body and between the adjustment plate and the associated surface of the base plate. In another aspect of the invention a humidity control device may be mounted on the underside of the cover plate assembly for protrusion within the hollow instrument body to maintain a desirable humidity within the instrument body despite the outside atmospheric humidity.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0020]    [0020]FIG. 1 is a plan view of a representative musical instrument (guitar) illustrating the sound hole formed in the top surface of the hollow body in conjunction with which the invention hereof is utilized.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 2 is a fragmentary plan view illustrating a first preferred embodiment of the invention mounted on the top surface of the instrument in operative association with the sound hole with a specific area of the sound hole open.  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 3 is a fragmentary plan view similar to FIG. 2 but illustrating the sound control device adjusted to sound hole closed orientation.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken in the plane indicated by the line  4 - 4  in FIG. 2.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken in the plane indicated by the line  5 - 5  in FIG. 3.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 6 is a fragmentary vertical cross-sectional view taken in the plane indicated by the line  6 - 6  in FIG. 2.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 7 is a fragmentary vertical cross-sectional view taken in the plane indicated by the line  7 - 7  in FIG. 3 and illustrating a pocket in which guitar picks may be stored.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 8 is a plan view illustrating a second preferred embodiment of the invention mounted on the top surface of the instrument in operative association with the sound hole with a significant portion of the sound hole open.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 9 is a plan view similar to FIG. 8 but illustrating the cover member adjusted to closed condition to achieve full occlusion of the sound hole.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken in the plane indicated by the line  10 - 10  in FIG. 8 and illustrating the sound hole open.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken in the plane indicated by the line  11 - 11  in FIG. 9 and showing the sound hole closed.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 12 is a fragmentary vertical cross-sectional view taken in the plane indicated by the line  12 - 12  in FIG. 8. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0032]    In terms of greater detail and referring first to FIG. 1, it will there be seen that a musical instrument in the form of a guitar is shown for illustrative purposes. The guitar has a hollow body designated generally by the numeral  2  including a top wall  3 , a bottom wall  4  and edge or sidewalls  6 . The guitar is also provided with a fingerboard designated generally by the numeral  7 , which is in turn provided with the customary frets  8  over which extend the tensioned guitar strings  9  each anchored at its proximate end to an anchor block  12  and at its opposite distal end attached to a rotatable string tension adjustment thumbscrew  13 . The proximate end of  14  of the fingerboard is frequently positioned adjacent the periphery of a sound hold  16  but in some instances projects slightly over the hole  16  as indicated by the broken lines in FIG. 1.  
         [0033]    In either case, the detachable and adjustable sound and feedback control device of the invention designated in a first embodiment generally by the numeral  17  in FIGS. 2, 3,  4 ,  5 ,  6  and  7  accommodates the proximate end  14  of the fingerboard as will hereinafter be explained. Referring to FIGS. 2, 3,  4 ,  5 ,  6  and  7 , this first preferred embodiment of the sound control device of the invention includes a generally flat base member designated generally by the numeral  18  and conveniently fabricated from an appropriate synthetic resinous material such as polypropylene. The base member is formed with a sound hole cover portion  19  having a generally asymmetrical outer peripheral configuration formed about a pivotal axis  21  and is provided with two opposing generally triangular openings  22  and  23  the apices of which lie adjacent to but spaced on opposite sides of the pivotal axis  21 . Each opening  22  and  23  is formed by radially extending side edges that diverge from one another at approximately 90° to be intercepted by a circular edge  24  that coincides with the inner periphery of the sound hole  16  and which constitutes the inner periphery of the sound hole cover portion  19  the outer periphery of which overlaps the top surface  3  beyond the inner periphery of the sound hole by an appropriate amount, say about a quarter inch, as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5.  
         [0034]    Adhesively secured to the underside of the base portion is a thin layer  26  of soft cushioning material, such as closed-cell polyurethane, having a thickness of about {fraction (1/16)} th of an inch. This cushioning material may cover the entire undersurface of the cover portion  19  or may be adhesively secured in a triangular pattern on the opposed triangular portions  27  and  28  of the cover portion  19 , the apices of which opposed triangular portions lie adjacent the pivotal axis  21 . When the flat base member  18  is placed on the upper surface of the top wall  3  superimposed over the sound hole 16 , the soft cushioning material abuts the upper surface of the top wall and prevents the supporting top surface from being marred. Additionally, the layer  26  of soft cushioning material is slip-resistant in relation to the top surface of the top wall and assists in retaining the cover portion in position in relation to the underlying sound hole  16 .  
         [0035]    To ensure that the sound hole cover portion is securely retained in superposed relation over the sound hole, diametrically opposed elastically resilient elongated keeper blocks  29  and  31  are adhesively secured to the underside of the cover portion  19  by corresponding end portions  32  and  33  while the opposite end portions  34  and  36  of the diametrically opposed keeper blocks are not secured and are free to be elastically and resiliently flexed downwardly through the sound hole inner periphery whereupon, because of their elasticity and resilience, the keeper blocks flex upwardly to engage the underside  37  of the top wall  3 , thus securely retaining the cover portion superimposed over the sound hole.  
         [0036]    In the first embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3,  4 ,  5 ,  6  and  7 , the base member  18  is extended laterally away from the pivotal axis in a flat portion  38  having a top surface  39  on which are secured side-by-side a pair of triangular pockets  41  and  42  each having an open end in which may be stored one or more triangular picks  43 , useful by the guitar player to pluck the strings of the guitar.  
         [0037]    Rotatably mounted on the flat base member  18  for adjustable rotation about the pivotal axis  21  is a flat generally circular dial designated generally by the numeral  46 . The dial is pivotally secured to the base member  18  by an appropriate bolt  47  the threaded shank of which passes through the central portion of the base member and the central portion of the dial along the pivotal axes  21 . A nut  48  is threaded onto the threaded end portion of the shank as shown in FIG. 10 to retain the base member and dial rotatably oriented one with the other. It will of course be understood that instead of a bolt and nut assembly an appropriate rivet may be substituted to retain the base member and dial in a rotatable confronting relation. Additionally, there is adhesively adhered to the underside of the dial a thin layer  49  of cushioning material similar to the cushioning later  26  adhered to the underside of the base member  18 .  
         [0038]    While the dial  46  is preferably circular and symmetrical about the pivotal axis it may of course be asymmetrical provided it is configured to overlap the top surface of the base member surrounding the sound hole  16  by a sufficient amount to selectively cover or uncover the triangular openings  22  and  23  formed in the base member. To achieve this end, the dial  46  is provided with two diametrically opposed generally triangular apertures or openings  51  and  52  the apices of which are adjacent the pivotal access  21  but on opposite sides thereof. The openings  51  and  52  correspond in size and configuration with the openings  22  and  23  formed in the base member. Thus, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the dial may selectively be rotated to place the openings in the dial opposite the openings in the base member, thus uncovering or opening a specific area of the sound hole for sound to enter and emanate there-from when the guitar strings are plucked.  
         [0039]    Conversely, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the dial may be pivoted so as to place the openings  51  and  52  over the triangular portions  27  and  28  of the base member and thus completely close the sound hole to prevent the entry of sound through the sound hole and into the hollow interior of the body  2  when the guitar strings are plucked. It should be noted that when the triangular openings  51  and  52  are formed in the dial  46 , the remaining triangular portions  53  and  54  (FIG. 5) of the dial, being of about the same size and configuration as the openings  22  and  23  (FIG. 5) in the base member, cover the openings in the base member, thus preventing the entry of sound into the sound hole. Additionally, it should be noted that the triangular portions  53  and  54  (FIG. 5) converge toward their apices to form the central dial portion  56  of the dial through which the bolt  47  is inserted. To apply the sound hole cover device to the top wall of the instrument the device is tipped slightly and displaced downwardly (FIG. 2) to engage the end portion  34  of the keeper block  31  with a peripheral edge portion of the top wall defining the periphery of the sound hole. Continued displacement causes the keeper block  29  to project through the sound hole, whereupon the elastic and resilient upward displacement of the free end of the keeper block causes the free end  36  of the keeper block  29  to engage under the peripheral edge portion of the top wall that surrounds the sound hole. The device is now centered in relation to the sound hole and detachably secured to the top wall by the elastic and resilient keeper blocks  29  and  31 . The dial may now be adjusted to whatever position is selected by the player ranging from fully open to fully closed and any intermediate position desired by the player.  
         [0040]    Referring to FIG. 6, it will be seen that a humidifier assembly designated generally by the numeral  57  has been detachably suspended from the lower end of the bolt  47 . The humidifier assembly includes a clamp member  58  detachably secured to the bolt  47  by a nut  59 . The lower end portion  61  of the clamp member is formed to provide two opposed resilient arcuate cup portions  62  and  63  spaced apart at their lower ends to unable a spherical ball  64  to be cammed between the arcuate portions, spreading them apart, and inserted there-between until the ball is cupped between the two resilient arcuate portions as seen in FIG. 6. The ball is attached to a stem  66  which is in turn attached to the center of a cylindrical shell  67  suitably formed by top and bottom plates  68  and  69 , respectively, joined by a cylindrical band  71  to form a hollow interior within which is packed a suitable mass  72  of water absorbent material such as open-cell polyurethane foam which when immersed in water absorbs and holds the water against leakage. Suitable holes  73  are formed in the top and bottom plates to admit air into the shell to effect evaporation of moisture from the mass  72  to thus humidify the interior of the body  2 . The size and number of the holes and the humidity outside the body will determine the rapidity and extent of the evaporation of moisture within the body  2 . The holes  73  are shown greatly enlarged in the interest of clarity in the drawings. In general, the holes will be microscopic in size and a large number are provided to enhance evaporation of the moisture and humidification of the walls of the musical instrument body.  
         [0041]    Referring now to the second preferred embodiment of the detachable and adjustable sound hole cover of the invention as illustrated in FIGS. 8, 9,  10 ,  11  and  12 , it will be seen that this second embodiment of the sound hole cover is substantially similar to the first embodiment and is designated generally by the numeral  76 . This second embodiment SUCH includes a base member  77  formed preferably from a suitable synthetic resinous material such as polypropylene but which may also be fabricated from other suitable materials such as plastic impregnated or plastic coated cardboard. The base member  77  as illustrated is formed about an axis  78  to provide a major circular outer peripheral portion  79  that is symmetrical about the axis  78 . When necessary to accommodate the end  14  of the fingerboard  7  when the sound hole cover member  76  is detachably mounted over the sound hole  16 , a sector  81  of the base member may be broken or cut away from the main body of the base member along any one of the several score lines  82  formed on the underside of the base member as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.  
         [0042]    The base member  77  is also provided with two diametrically opposed generally triangular openings  83  and  84  each of which is formed by side edges  86  and  87  that diverge at a 90° angle from adjacent a rotational axis  88  spaced from the axis  78  and which are intercepted by a circularly arcuate edge  89  spaced radially inwardly from the outer periphery  79  of the base member so that the arcuate edge  89  coincides with the periphery of the sound hole  76 . Adhesively secured to the underside  91  of the base member  77  is a cushioning layer  92  of closed-cell polyurethane foam or similar material that functions to provide a slip-resistant engagement of the cover member on the top wall  3  of the instrument body. As seen in FIGS. 10 and 11, the openings  83  and  84  diverge radially outward from a central mounting portion  93 . Because the openings  83  and  84  are oppositely positioned diametrically from one another and because the side edges  86  and  87  diverge from the central mounting portion  93  at 90°, it will be understood that the arcuate edge  89  of each opening  83  and  84  subtend an arc of 90° spaced about 1½ inches from the axis  88  so that together the two openings equate with approximately 37.5% of the area of the sound hole  16 . Stated in other terms, if the sound hole is 4″ in diameter (12.57 square inches) the two openings  83  and  84  constitute approximately 4.71 square inches, resulting in 7.65 square inches of the sound hole being occluded when the base member is detachably mounted on the top wall of the instrument.  
         [0043]    To effect a complete occlusion of the sound hole, or to effect occlusion of a selected percentage of the 37.5% of the sound hole that is normally open when the base member is detachably superimposed over the sound hole, there is provided a dial  94  rotatably mounted on the base member by rivet  96  passing through the mounting portion  97  of the dial and the mounting portion  93  of the base member and freely rotatable by digital manipulation utilizing the notches  98  formed in the outer periphery  99  of the dial  94 . The dial is provided with two diametrically opposed triangular openings  101  and  102  that diverge from opposite sides of the rotational axis  88 , each opening having side edges of  103  and  104  diverging from the axis of rotation at an angle of 90° and being intercepted by a circularly arcuate edge  106  which lies about 1½′ from the rotational axis  88 . Thus, referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, it will be seen that in FIG. 8 the openings  101  and  102  in the dial coincide with the triangular openings  83  and  84  in the base member, thus enabling sound to enter the guitar body and to emanate therefrom. In contrast, referring to FIG. 9, it will be seen that the dial has been rotated through 90°, thus effecting total occlusion of the openings  83  and  84  in the base member and preventing the ingress or egress of sound from the guitar body. A layer  107  of cushioning material is adhesively secured to the underside of the rotatable dial to provide a slight frictional force between the dial and the underlying base member to retain the dial in its adjusted position.  
         [0044]    To retain the sound hole cover member  76  detachably secured to the top wall  3  of the guitar or other instrument, three elastically resilient keeper blocks  108  conveniently formed of closed-cell polyurethane foam adhesively secured to the underside of the base member in circumferentially spaced locations as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, where two of the keeper blocks are circumferentially spaced about 90° apart while the remaining third keeper block is circumferentially spaced about 135° from the other two keeper blocks. While three such keeper blocks are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that two keeper blocks placed diametrically 180° apart as in FIGS. 2 and 6 would adequately retain the sound hole cover member detachably secured to the top wall  3  in operative association with the sound hole  16 . To facilitate insertion and retention of the elastically resilient keeper blocks  108  on the peripheral portion of the sound holes  16 , each keeper block is beveled along one edge  109  as illustrated in FIG. 12.  
         [0045]    It will thus be seen that all that is necessary to detachably install the sound hole cover member of this second embodiment is to superimpose the unit over the sound hole  16 , press downwardly lightly on the base member at the aproximate locations of the keeper blocks so as to compress the beveled edges of the keeper blocks until the beveled edges penetrate the sound hole. The elastic resilience of the keeper blocks will then detachably retain the sound hole cover member in its mounted position. To remove the cover member, all that is required is that an upward force be imposed on the base member which may most easily be done by adjusting the dial to “open” position as shown in FIG. 8, inserting one or two fingers through the openings  51 / 22  (FIG. 4) or  101 / 83  (FIG. 10) and impose an upward force on the base member to disengage the keeper blocks from the periphery of the sound hole to release the cover member for removal.  
         [0046]    Having thus described the invention, what is believed to be new novel and sought to be protected by letters patent of United States is as defined in the appended claims.