Abstract:
A method or a software application which is used to assign artifacts of technical systems to the process steps required to produce them, wherein the assignments comprise annotations, and the method provides an editor for the annotations. A graphical user interface is also provided, which can be used to visualize the artifacts (e.g., documents describing structural elements) of the technical system and individual process steps (or entire process cycles) and to input the annotations between the two in graphical or tabular form and process them. Pre-existing special knowledge in the domain and the craft relating to plant engineering is acquired, processed, preserved and imparted using the method of the invention. The method advantageously provides effective support for document and configuration management, where CAD and project management tools are integrated to give a systematic IT landscape without media clashes.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This is a U.S. national stage of application No. PCT/EP2010/061939 filed 17 Aug. 2010. Priority is claimed on European Application No. 09011179.0 filed 31 Aug. 2009 and European Application No. 10000826.7 filed 27 Jan. 2010, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to computer aided system design and, more particularly, to a method for assisting planning of a technical system. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    In industrial plant engineering, it is necessary to assemble components and modules to form a customer-specific technical system. The technical system may, for instance, be industrial systems, factories, power plants, systems for distributing power, water and gas and also oil and gas pipelines. Generally, these technical systems contain individual systems and subsidiary activities. 
         [0006]    Activities and/or subsidiary activities include specific technical and, if necessary, also non-technical, possibly commercial activities, which are needed to plan a technical system (e.g., a roller plant) or an industrial product (e.g., a purchased welding machine for a roller plant) throughout its entire lifecycle, to develop, produce and/or realize and operate the same. Aside from activities requiring engineering knowledge, activities therefore also refer in particular to special knowledge of a specialist field with all its facets (such as marketing, development, commissioning, operation or maintenance). Subsidiary activities refer to activities that assume a subordinate role in the technical system or execute an auxiliary function. 
         [0007]    In the planning of a technical system, the following activities frequently play a role for instance: electrical engineering, machine building and automation technology. As subsidiary activities, building technology, safety engineering, pneumatics and hydraulics are mentioned. The business of plant engineering essentially distinguishes two working phases. Order-independent preliminary work occurs during a first phase in the office of a plant manufacturer. Valid working steps and reusable engineering artifacts are generally devised and prepared there. As a result, knowledge is generated and managed for plant engineering. 
         [0008]    Once the plant manufacturer obtains a customer order to build a specific technical system, a second phase entailing order-dependent planning work is activated. This second phase begins with a determination of basic data of the technical system, the preparation of specifications and planning work for all parts of the technical system. These activities are also mainly associated with office work. In the further project workflow of the second phase, there is generally a smooth transition from the planning to the installation of the technical system. The technical system is physically created onsite at the customer&#39;s location, put into operation and handed over to the customer. 
         [0009]    Conventionally, both phases are assisted by a plurality of problem- and activity-oriented IT and software tools. Applications for Computer Aided Design (CAD), Probalistic Logic Network (PLN), project and document management are above all used. These applications nevertheless function largely independently of one another and are not integrated or networked so that a meaningful interaction is only possible by the cooperation and experience of the plant manufacturer&#39;s employees. 
         [0010]    Artifacts are physical and ideal components of the technical system. These are either present as documents or are represented by documents. Examples of artifacts are floor plans, circuit diagrams, computer programs, documentation, protocols or licenses. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for assisting in the planning of a technical system that reduces the expenditure of time when planning the technical system. 
         [0012]    This and other objects and advantages are achieved in accordance with the invention by programming a microprocessor to assign artifacts of the technical system to process steps, which are required to produce the artifacts, by annotations being produced. Furthermore, the microprocessor is programmed to enable a user to detect the annotations with the aid of a graphical user interface and to process the annotations. 
         [0013]    In accordance with the invention, a method and/or software application is provided, with which artifacts of technical systems can be assigned to the process steps required for their production. These assignments are referred to as annotations, whereby the method provides some sort of editor for the annotations. 
         [0014]    An essential component for this is the graphical user interface. With this, the artifacts (e.g., documents describing structural elements) of the technical system and individual process steps (and/or entire process cycles) can be visualized and the annotations between the two can be input in graphical or tabular form, for instance, and processed. If necessary, both the artifacts and also the process steps are shown hierarchically, here. The basic functions are furthermore the production, modification and deletion of annotations. 
         [0015]    Already existing special knowledge in the domain and the activities relating to plant engineering is acquired, processed, preserved and imparted using the method in accordance with the invention. Knowledge management is thus enabled for the plant manufacturer. New possibilities result across the organization of commercializing existing specialist knowledge. Annotation libraries can therefore be marketed as an individual product or as an addition to the plant components. 
         [0016]    A further advantage lies in effective assistance for a document and configuration management via the method in accordance with the invention. CAD and project management tools are integrated to give a systematic IT landscape without media clashes. The predictability of project planning and project management is improved because risks can be identified better and can be by-passed by adapting the preplanned project execution. 
         [0017]    The method in accordance with the invention further allows the representation of the details of the execution of large projects in plant engineering in a generally intelligible manner and their interdisciplinary communication. 
         [0018]    CAD and project management applications were up to now already widely developed and established. Conventional applications used in plant engineering were, however, not explicitly networked with one another, so that process steps required for the planning and building of the technical system had to be defined outside of these applications. The conventional applications operate in their own structures depending on the activity. Existing assignments of process steps (and/or process cycles) to plant parts (and/or their artifacts) have therefore grown historically and were common practice. A digital connection with the structure of the technical system did not exist, here. Their availability and quality therefore depended essentially on the experience of the employees. All these disadvantages are reduced or eliminated by the method in accordance with the invention. 
         [0019]    In an embodiment, one or several artifacts each form a mechatronic object. Existing Plant Lifecycle Management (PLM) models can be managed as complete mechatronic objects by the annotations. A realization of integral mechatronic objects is assisted by the integration of PLM and workflow models. 
         [0020]    Aside from the above-described embodiments of the method in accordance with the invention, it is also an object to provide a machine-readable data carrier, on which a computer program is stored, which executes one of the disclosed embodiments methods in accordance with the invention if it is executed in a computer. 
         [0021]    Furthermore, the invention includes a computer program stored on computer memory, which is run in a computer and herewith executes one of the discloses embodiments of the method in accordance with the invention. 
         [0022]    Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are designed solely for purposes of illustration and not as a definition of the limits of the invention, for which reference should be made to the appended claims. It should be further understood that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale and that, unless otherwise indicated, they are merely intended to conceptually illustrate the structures and procedures described herein. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0023]    Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with the aid of the Figures, in which: 
           [0024]      FIG. 1  shows an overview of the method in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0025]      FIG. 2  shows representations of annotations in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0026]      FIG. 3  shows representation of annotations in accordance with alternative embodiment of the invention; and 
           [0027]      FIG. 4  shows a computer on which the method in accordance with the invention is executed. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0028]      FIG. 1  shows the method of assisting the planning of a technical system and various optional extensions. In the left part of  FIG. 1 , a work flow view  51  is shown, in which work flows, which are needed for the planning and installation of the technical system, are shown visually. A work package  20  is shown, inter alia, which is arranged in the upper part of the work flow view  51  in a chain of work packages. The work package  20  is shown in detail in the central part of the work flow view  51 . The work package  20  contains a work flow, which consists of process steps  2 . 
         [0029]    A first technical view  55  and a second technical view  56  are shown to the right adjacent to the work flow view  51 . The first technical view  55  and the second technical view  56  each contain artifacts  3  in a hierarchical arrangement. In accordance with the method of the invention, those process steps  2 , which are required to produce artifacts  3 , are now assigned hereto. To this end, annotations  4  are produced that are likewise shown in  FIG. 1 . The described elements from  FIG. 1  are to this end shown on a graphical user interface so that a user is able to detect and process the annotations  4 . 
         [0030]      FIG. 1  shows further optional components of the method in accordance with the invention. A domain knowledge store  6  is visible in the upper part, which stores knowledge from the plant engineering and provides the same for future projects. To this end, the domain knowledge store  6  includes a work flow metamodel  61 , which is used as a master for the work package  20  and the process steps  2 . The domain knowledge store  6  also contains an annotation metamodel  62 , which is used as a master for the annotations  4 . Thirdly, the domain knowledge store  6  includes a project master  63 . With the aid of this, a project database  65  is generated, the contents of which can be visualized through the first technical view  55  and through the second technical view  56 . During visualization, transformation specifications  64  are also taken into account, which are also contained in the domain knowledge store  6 . 
         [0031]      FIG. 2  shows the first technical view  55  from  FIG. 1  in detail in the left half, and the work flow view  51  from  FIG. 1  in detail in the right half. Here, the first technical view  55  includes here an object  30 , which breaks down hierarchically into a first artifact  31 , a second artifact  32 , a third artifact  33 , a fourth artifact  34  and a fifth artifact  35 . The work flow view  51  breaks down into three segments. The work package view  52  at the top shows complete work packages, inter alia, the work package  20 . The work flow detailed view  53  shows a work flow in detail in each instance, of which the respective work package, the work package  20 , consists. The process step view  54  contains an individual process step from the work flow detailed view  53 . The work flow detailed view  53  firstly shows a start  21  as a work flow, followed by a decision  22 , which in the first case results in a first process step  23  and a second process step  24  and in the second case results in a third process step  25 . The work flow ends with an end  26 . Furthermore,  FIG. 2  shows a first input annotation  41 , a second input annotation  42 , a third input annotation  43  and a fourth input annotation  44 . The input annotations each show which artifacts are required in the first technical view  55  for a process step in the work flow detailed view  53  or the process step view  54 . The first artifact  31  is therefore required for the start  21  of the work flow. The second artifact  32  is required for the decision  22  and for the second process step  24 . The third artifact  33  is likewise a prerequisite for the second process step  24 . 
         [0032]      FIG. 2  also shows an output annotation  45 , which specifies which artifact is produced by which process step. According to  FIG. 2 , the fifth artifact  35  is produced by the second process step  24 . 
         [0033]      FIG. 3  shows an alternative representation of the annotations from  FIG. 2 . Here, the same reference characters refer to the same elements as in  FIG. 2 . An alternative representation is selected from the representation of the first input annotation  41 , the second input annotation  42 , the third input annotation  43  and the fourth input annotation  44 . The respective artifact is extended with an output port  8  in the visual representation. The associated process step is extended by an input port  7 . Here, the annotation connects the output port  8  to the input port  7 . For the representation of the output annotation  45 , the second process step  24  is provided with the output port  8 . The fifth artifact  35  is provided with the input port  7 . The fifth artifact  35  is provided with the input port  7 . With the aid of the different representation of the input port  7  (an empty square in  FIG. 3 ) and of the output port  8  (a black-filled square in  FIG. 3 ), it is possible to distinguish whether this is an input annotation or an output annotation. 
         [0034]      FIG. 4  shows a system  80 , on which the method is executed. The system  80  includes a computer  81 , such as a PC, laptop or personal digital assistant (PDA). A user interface  84 , which shows the contents of  FIG. 3 , is located on a monitor  83  of the computer  81 . The computer  81  also has input devices  82 , for instance keyboard and mouse, as well as a memory  85 , such as a memory on a server or a local memory. The memory  85  is connected to the computer  81  by way of a data link  86 . 
         [0035]    Reference is made again below to  FIG. 1 . The previously described representations lend themselves to implementing known representation and interaction standards of graphical editors. To this end, a selective representation or masking out hierarchy levels is included both in the work flow view  51  and in the first technical view  55 . It is furthermore advantageous to deposit the respective contents in libraries. The annotations  4  are preferably shown as flylines. An automatic conversion into axially-parallel, non-overlapping line segments (i.e., autorouting) features here. Comments can be masked in and out. According to current practice, artifacts  3  are shown as blocks and work packages, such as work package  20 , are shown as block arrows. It is naturally also possible to deviate herefrom. The annotations  4  are shown as lines, optionally with arrow tips. Both the artifacts  3  and also the process steps  2  can be provided with docking sites (the input port  7  and output port  8  shown in  FIG. 3 ), on which they are then connected to the lines for the annotations  4 . 
         [0036]    Due to the high complexity and the large number of dependencies, a three-dimensional representation of the annotations  4 , and if necessary of the artifacts  3  and process steps  2 , is also desirable as a development, by which a user is able to navigate virtually. Here, the advantage lies in the greater clarity and intuitivism. 
         [0037]    In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the annotation metamodel  62  shown in  FIG. 1  is used as a master to produce the annotations  4 . For instance, the method may provide a way for a user order to define such an annotation metamodel  62 . Here, the annotation metamodel  62  is used to define limits of multiplicities and/or cardinalities, as known to the person skilled in the art from databases. It is thus possible to determine, for instance, that a process step  2  always has to result precisely in one artifact  3 , but may be dependent on any number of artifacts  3  as information sources. Another restriction would be, for instance, that annotations  4  can only exist between process steps  2  and artifacts  3  on the lowest hierarchy levels that can be shown in each case. 
         [0038]    In an embodiment of the method, the annotations  4  are checked for conformity with the at least one annotation metamodel  62 . To this end, suitable algorithms check the annotations  4  for formal conformity with the one (or several) defined annotation metamodels  62  at regular intervals (or initiated by a request from a user). 
         [0039]    The method can be embodied as an independent computer program or also as a plug-in for existing CAD and project management applications. The program code required for these accesses databases in the CAD and project management applications over suitable software interfaces. References and/or URI&#39;s (Uniform Resource Identifier) are suitable here as a data link to these external databases. 
         [0040]    The annotations  4  and the at least one annotation metamodel  62  are stored, for instance, in XML or a format derived therefrom. This is advantageous in that the annotation metamodel  62  and the annotations  4  can be read and used independently of organizations or manufacturers. 
         [0041]    The process steps  2  and artifacts  3  can be shown using standardized symbols, as known, for instance, from description languages, such as UML or SysML and from process modeling standards according to ARIS. 
         [0042]    It is also possible to subject the annotations  4  to further formal analyses as regards content using suitable algorithms. To this end, a check for consistency of the annotations  4  is included, for instance. Here, the following exemplary inconsistencies can be determined:
       inextricable circular references,   process steps  2  which do not end in an artifact  3 ,   artifacts  3  which are not assigned to process step  2 .       
 
         [0046]    Furthermore, hotspots and/or bottlenecks can be identified, as known to the person skilled in the art within the context of databases, for instance, critical key components under the artifacts  3 , process steps  2  and/or work packages of central importance, resource bottlenecks, cumulation of risks and critical paths in the production schedule. 
         [0047]    All documents that are directly or indirectly relevant to a specific artifact  3  or a specific process step  2  can be compiled for document management Furthermore, the work status of all work packages that are directly or indirectly connected to a process step  2  or an artifact  3  can be compiled for configuration management. 
         [0048]    The disclosed embodiments of the method in accordance with the invention can be used in different phases of plant engineering. In the case of preliminary order-independent activities, they are used to define and optimize the annotations  4 . An integrated work and structural plan is hereby produced. This is generally valid for a previously defined spread of technical plants. In the subsequent order-dependent phase, the method in accordance with the disclosed embodiments assists with the project planning, by helping with the identification of documents that are required for a specific structural component (represented by one or several artifacts  3 ) of the technical system. Furthermore, the method in accordance with the disclosed embodiments assists with document and configuration management. It is possible to determine for instance whether all necessary artifacts  3  exist for a preferred process step  2  or which document status currently exists on account of the already processed process steps  2 . 
         [0049]    Thus, while there have shown and described and pointed out fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the devices illustrated, and in their operation, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, it is expressly intended that all combinations of those elements and/or method steps which perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve the same results are within the scope of the invention. Moreover, it should be recognized that structures and/or elements and/or method steps shown and/or described in connection with any disclosed form or embodiment of the invention may be incorporated in any other disclosed or described or suggested form or embodiment as a general matter of design choice. It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the claims appended hereto.