Abstract:
A novel laminate useful for seals particularly for vehicle window seals that are flexible, wear resistant and have a low coefficient of friction, is provided. The laminate comprises a rubber substrate and a polyolefin coating disposed on and adherent to the rubber substrate. The invention also provides novel methods of making laminates, particularly seals. Such method comprises the following steps: providing a rubber substrate; then applying a powdered crystalline polyolefin to the rubber substrate, in an amount sufficient to form a continuous layer when melted; and then melting the powdered crystalline polyolefin to form a continuous polyolefin coating disposed on, and adherent to, the rubber substrate. The invention also relates to seals comprising: an polyolefin rubber body; and a continuous coating of fused polyolefin disposed on and adherent to the rubber seal. Preferably the continuous coating of fused polyolefin is disposed in the glass run channel in the rubber body.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09/567,911, filed May 10, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,440,492 which is fully incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Many vehicle seals are flexible to conform to vehicle glass to seal out the elements. The flexibility must be maintained over a wide range of temperatures. Moreover, the seal area in contact with glass requires a low coefficient of friction so that when glass is raised or lowered, the seal does not stick to the glass. While ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) has a suitable flexibility, it has a less than preferred coefficient of friction. In an attempt to reduce the coefficient of friction, the surface of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber has been coated with polyurethane. However, the polyurethane coating is not particularly resistant to wear, which results in failure of the seal within a relatively short time. Attempts have been made to produce seals with polymeric coatings other than polyurethane; however such seals typically employ volatile organic solvents during the manufacturing process. Such volatile organic solvents have recently become the subject of governmental regulation. 
     It would be desirable to have a flexible, wear resistant seal, having a low coefficient of friction, and which is applied without volatile organic solvents. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides novel laminate useful for seals, particularly for vehicle window seals that are both flexible and wear resistant and have a low coefficient of friction, preferably with an initial coefficient of friction below 0.5. The laminate comprises a rubber substrate and a polyolefin coating disposed on and adherent to the rubber substrate. 
     The invention also provides novel methods of making seals; such a method comprises the following steps: providing a rubber substrate; then applying a powdered crystalline polyolefin to the rubber substrate, in an amount sufficient to form a continuous layer when melted; and then melting the powdered crystalline polyolefin to form a continuous polyolefin coating disposed on and adherent to the rubber substrate. The invention also relates to seals comprising: a polyolefin rubber substrate; and a continuous coating of fused polyolefin disposed on and adherent to the rubber substrate. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows the laminate, composed of the rubber substrate and the polyolefin coating disposed on the rubber substrate. 
         FIG. 2  shows an embodiment of a vehicle seal composed of the rubber substrate and the polyolefin coating disposed in the glass run channel. 
         FIG. 3  shows a another embodiment of a vehicle seal composed of the rubber substrate and the polyolefin coating disposed in the glass run channel. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring to  FIG. 1  the coated substrate  10  is shown, which is composed to the rubber substrate  12  and the polyolefin coating  14 . Referring to  FIG. 2 , a vehicle seal  110  is shown composed of rubber substrate, more specifically rubber body  112  and polyolefin coating  114  disposed in the glass run channel  116 . Referring to  FIG. 3 , a vehicle seal  210  is shown composed of rubber substrate, more specifically rubber body  212  having glass run channel  216 . The polyolefin coating  214  is disposed on the channel face surface  218  of rubber body  212  and optionally on the glass-contacting surfaces  224  and  226  of lip  220  and lip  222  of the rubber body  212 . Glass G is shown in glass run channel  216 . 
     The coated rubber has an abrasion resistance preferably greater than 30 cycles/μm, more preferably greater than 100 cycles/μm, even more preferably greater than 200 cycles/μm, most preferably greater than 300 cycles/μm. The coating adheres well to the rubber. The coated rubber has a coefficient of friction preferably below 0.5, preferably less than 0.4, more preferably less than 0.3. Preferably the coefficient of friction is from 0.01 to 0.5, more preferably from 0.01 to 0.4, most preferably from 0.1 to 0.3. 
     The polyolefin coating preferably is preferably from 5 μm to 3 mm, more preferably from 25 μm to 0.9 mm, in average thickness. 
     Forming the Polyolefin Coating on the Rubber Substrate 
     The method involves coating a rubber with a crystalline polyolefin powder. The crystalline polyolefin powder is typically applied by conventional application techniques, such as, for example, by sprinkling, by dipping, by powder-dropping from a continuous feeder belt; by electrostatic spray; by running extrudate through a powder fluid bed; by drawing down by applicator, or by a powder-coating gun. Alternatively, a rubber substrate emerging from an extruder is passed through a crystalline polyolefin powder—inert gas bed. The crystalline polyolefin powder is applied to a rubber substrate, which substrate is preferably at a temperature of from −40° C. to 315° C. and may be applied to cured or uncured rubber substrate. 
     The layer of the crystalline polyolefin powder has an average thickness greater than 5 μm. Once the crystalline polyolefin powder is applied to the substrate, it is heated to melt and fuse the powder. Where the crystalline polyolefin polymer has a molecular weight of greater than about 3,000,000, the crystalline polyolefin powder typically incompletely fuses upon heating, and the crystalline polyolefin powder while still molten is preferably compressed by rolling such as with a glass or metal cylinder. However, during the rolling process care is to be taken to not shift the mass of heated polyolefin coating; such shift decreases the adhesion of the polyolefin coating when the coated substrate is cooled. 
     Where the rubber substrate is not fresh, for example the rubber substrate displays bloom, it is preferable that the surface of the rubber substrate is cleaned before applying the crystalline polyolefin powder. The bloom is typically the result of components such as sulfur, stearic acid or anti-oxidants and the like, migrating to the surface of the rubber substrate. Conventional cleaning techniques are suitable. Good results have been obtained by abrading pre-vulcanized rubber, such as with emery paper or by solvent cleaning such as by wiping with toluene or mineral spirits or by both abrading and solvent cleaning. Where the surface is abraded, it is preferred that fine particulates produced by the abrading process be removed such as by rinsing. Good results have been obtained by using toluene. Air jets or water jets are also suitable for such rinsing. 
     Where vehicle sealing strips are prepared by extrusion, the polyethylene powder is preferably applied to the moving rubber extrudate after it exits the extruder die, but before the rubber extrudate enters a curing oven. As the rubber extrudate is heated for curing, the powder fuses and adheres to the substrate rubber. An advantage of applying the powder polyolefin to fresh rubber from the extruder is that the rubber does not require cleaning prior to the application of the powder. 
     Optionally, various textures, and colors are created in the polyolefin coating. Optionally, conventional pigments are added to the polyolefin coating prior to heating the coated substrate. Conventional pigments such as for example titanium dioxide, carbon black, and conventional colored pigments are suitable. Optionally, texture is imparted to the polyolefin coating by varying the powder particles size and molecular weight of the polyolefin polymer. Larger particle sizes and higher molecular weights tend to produce rougher surfaces. Optionally, texture is imparted to the surface of the coating by using a blend of differing molecular weight polyolefin polymers or different types of polyolefin polymers, such as for example a blend of LDPE and UHMWPE or LDPE and isotactic polypropylene. Optionally, texture is imparted to the surface of the coating by varying the amount of crystalline polyolefin powder initially applied to the rubber; areas with greater quantities will provide bumps whereas areas having less crystalline polyolefin powder will produce valleys. Alternatively, smooth rollers or textured rollers are impressed into the warm polyolefin coating to provide the polyolefin coating with a smooth surface or a textured surface. 
     The Rubber Substrate 
     The rubber substrate is flexible and comprises an aliphatic hydrocarbon polyolefin rubber. Preferably the polyolefin/aliphatic hydrocarbon rubber is unsaturated, preferably having a diene content of less than about 15 weight percent, preferably less than about 10 weight percent. Preferably, the rubber is a conventional rubber such as used in vehicle seals. Suitable rubbers are, for example, natural rubber, blends comprising a thermoplastic, crystalline polyolefin polymer and vulcanized hydrocarbon rubber particles as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,130,534 to Coran, et al. issued Dec. 19, 1978; U.S. Pat. No. 4,130,535 to Coran, et al. issued Dec. 19, 1978; U.S. Pat. No. 4,311,628 to Abdou-Sabet, et al. issued Jan. 19, 1982; U.S. Pat. No. 4,594,390 to Abdou-Sabet, et al. issued Jun. 10, 1986; U.S. Pat. No. 5,397,832 to Ellul issued Mar. 14, 1995; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,290,880 to Moench, et al. issued May 1, 1994, synthetic polyisoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (hereinafter “EPDM”), ethylene propylene rubber(hereinafter “EPR”), butyl rubber, (hereinafter “IIR”), chlorobutyl rubber, (hereinafter “CIIR”) and bromobutyl rubber, (hereinafter “BIIR”) The rubber polymer in the rubber substrate preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 2,000,000, g/mole, more preferably from 80,000 to 500,000 g/mole, most preferably from 100,000 to 300,000 g/mole. 
     The Crystalline Polyolefin Powder 
     The crystalline polyolefin powder comprises crystalline polyolefin polymer. The crystalline polyolefin polymer has a crystallinity X c  of preferably from 20 wt. % to 100 wt. %, more preferably from 30 wt. % to 100 wt. %, even more preferably from 40 wt. % to 100 wt. %, most preferably from 40 wt. % to 88 wt. %, as estimated from the density of the crystalline polyolefin polymer. Thus: 
         X   c     =     100   ×       (     Ps   -     P   ⁢           ⁢   α       )       (     Pc   -     P   ⁢           ⁢   α       )             
 
where Ps is the density of the sample, Pa is the pure crystal density (1.000) and Pc is the pure amorphous density (0.85).
 
     The crystalline polyolefin powder preferably has an average particle diameter of 600 μm or greater, and preferably 5 μm or greater. Preferably, the crystalline polyolefin powder particle size is from 5 μm to 600 μm, more preferably from 10 μm to 350 μm; most preferably from 90 μm to 250 μm. 
     The crystalline polyolefin powder preferably has an maximum particle size of 1 mm or less, and preferably 600 μm or less. Preferably the maximum crystalline polyolefin in powder particle size is from 10 to 1 mm, more preferably from 15 μm to 600 μm, even more preferably from 20 μm to 500 μm; most preferably from 25 μm to 300 μm. 
     The crystalline polyolefin powder preferably has a melt flow index at 190° C. under a load of 2 kg, from 0.0 to 100 g/10 minutes, more preferably from 0.0 to 50 g/10 minutes, and even more preferably from 0.0 to 25 g/10 minutes. The crystalline polyolefin powder preferably has a melt flow index at 190° C. under a load of 5 kg, from 0.0 to 200 g/10 minutes, more preferably from 0.0 to 100 g/10 minutes, and even more preferably from 0.5 to 50 g/10 minutes. The crystalline polyolefin powder preferably has a melt flow index at 190° C. under a load of 21.6 kg, from 0.0 to 500 g/10 minutes, more preferably from 5.0 to 250 g/10 minutes, and even more preferably from 10 to 100 g/10 minutes. 
     The crystalline polyolefin polymer preferably has a melting point greater than 100° C. but less than the decomposition point of the rubber substrate. 
     The polyolefin polymer is preferably a homopolymer or copolymer of polypropylene or of polyethylene or mixtures thereof. 
     Where the crystalline polyolefin powder comprises polyethylene, the crystalline polyolefin powder comprises at least one high density polyolefin polymer, having a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 to 10,000,000 g/mole, more preferably from 30,000 to 1,000,000 g/mole, even more preferably 100,000 to 600,000 g/mole, most preferably from 200,000 to 400,000 g/mole. 
     As used herein, the term “high density polyethylene” means conventional high density polyethylene polymers as well as conventional ultra-high molecular weight linear polyethylene polymers, and thus “high density polyethylene” as used herein includes linear polymers having a density of 0.94 to 0.97, as well as linear polymers having a molecular weight of 3,000,000 or higher, and having a density of 0.93 or higher. 
     As used herein, the term “low density polyethylene” means conventional low density polyethylene polymers, as well as conventional medium density branched polyethylene polymers, and thus “low density polyethylene” as used herein includes branched polyethylene polymers having a density of 0.915 to 0.93, as well as branched polyethylene polymers, having a density of 0.89 to 0.94. 
     High density polyethylene polymers having molecular weights above 3,000,000 tend to produce coatings which are incompletely fused and do not adhere well to the substrate. Preferably a second polyethylene polymer is therefore added to such ultra high molecular weight polyethylene polymer. Such second polyethylene polymer is either a low density polyethylene polymer having a weight average molecular weight of preferably from 30,000 to 150,000 g/mole or a high density polyethylene polymer having a weight average molecular weight of preferably from 10,000 to 2,000,000 g/mole, more preferably from 30,000 to 150,000 g/mole. 
     Where the polyolefin comprises polypropylene, the polypropylene is preferably isotactic and preferably has a density from 0.880 to 0.92 and a crystallinity preferably between 30% and 100% by weight. 
     In one preferred embodiment, the crystalline polyolefin powder comprises a blend of crystalline polyolefin powders; specifically the crystalline polyolefin powder comprises from 10 to 90 parts by weight of a powdered high-density polyethylene polymer having a weight-average molecular weight between 200,000 and 10,000,000 g/mol., and 90-10 parts by weight of a powdered high- or low-density polyethylene polymer, having a weight-average molecular weight between 30,000 and 150,000 g/mole. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the crystalline polyolefin powder comprises a blend of crystalline polyolefin powders; specifically the crystalline polyolefin powder comprises 25 to 75 parts by weight of a powdered high-density polyethylene polymer, having a weight-average molecular weight between 250,000 and 6,000,000 g/mol., and 75 to 25 parts by weight of powdered high density polyethylene polymer, having a weight average molecular weight between 40,000 and 150,000 g/mole. 
     Generally, where the crystalline polyolefin powder comprises only one crystalline polyolefin polymer, it is preferred that such polyolefin polymer is a high density polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of from 30,000 to 3,000,000 g/mole, more preferably from 100,000 to 1,000,000 g/mole, even more preferably from 200,000 to 600,000 g/mole, most preferably from 200,000 to 400,000 g/mole. 
     Polyolefin polymers having a molecular weight below 30,000 g/mole tend to produce coatings displaying high wear rate, and are not preferred. 
     Examples of crystalline polyolefin polymers suitable alone or in a blend to form the polyolefin coating are listed in Tables IA, IB and 1C below. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE IA 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 CRYSTALLINE POLYOLEFIN POWDERS 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 HDPE 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Spectro- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 scopy 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hostalen 
                 Hostalen 
                 Coathylene 
                   
                 Grade 
               
               
                   
                 Hostalen 
                 GHR 8020 
                 GUR400F 
                 HA 1931 
                 Hostalen 
                 MP*: 
               
               
                   
                 GHR 8110 
                 UHMW 
                 UHMW 
                 LDPE 
                 GUR X117 
                 130- 
               
               
                   
                 UHMWHDPE 
                 HDPE 
                 HDPE 
                 Composite 
                 UHMW HDPE 
                 145° C. 
               
               
                 Property 
                 Ticona 
                 Ticona 
                 Ticona 
                 Particles 
                 Ticona 
                 Aldrich 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 MFI A 
                 — 
                   
                 — 
                 2 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 MFI B 
                 — 
                 0.5 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 MFI C 
                 0.8-1.6 
                 14 
                 &lt;1 
                   
                 &lt;1 
                 — 
               
               
                 Density 
                 0.95 
                 0.95 
                 0.93 
                 0.919 
                 0.93 
                 — 
               
               
                 (g/cm 3 ) 
               
               
                 Crystal- 
                 — 
                 130-135 
                 130-135 
                 108-113 
                 130-135 
                 130-140 
               
               
                 line 
               
               
                 melting 
               
               
                 range 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 Vicat 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 87 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 softening 
               
               
                 point 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 Number 
                   
                 — 
                 — 
                 32,000 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 avg. mw 
               
               
                 (g/mole) 
               
               
                 Weight 
                 600,000 
                 300,000 
                 more 
                 730,000 
                 4,400,000 
                 — 
               
               
                 avg. mw 
                   
                   
                 than 
                   
               
               
                 (g/mole) 
                   
                   
                 6,000,000 
                   
               
               
                 Max. 
                 &lt;500 
                 — 
                 125 
                 75 
                 125 
                 — 
               
               
                 particle 
               
               
                 size (d) 
               
               
                 micro- 
               
               
                 meters 
               
               
                 Mid- 
                 120 
                 210 
                 c. 60 
                 17 
                 c. 60 
                 — 
               
               
                 range 
               
               
                 particle 
               
               
                 size 
               
               
                 Mesh 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 200 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 size 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE IB 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 CRYSTALLINE POLYOLEFIN POWDERS 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Coathyl- 
                 Coathyl- 
                 Coathyl- 
                 Coathyl- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UHMW PE 
                 ene 
                 ene 
                 ene 
                 ene 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Treated 
                 NB6454 
                 NC5374F 
                 HA2454 
                 HO1681 
               
               
                   
                 UHMW PE 
                 Surface 
                 HDPE 
                 HDPE 
                 LDPE* 
                 LDPE 
               
               
                 Property 
                 Aldrich 
                 Aldrich 
                 Clariant 
                 Clariant 
                 Clariant 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 MFI A 
                 — 
                 — 
                 8 
                 20 
                 7 
                 70 
               
               
                 MFI B 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 MFI C 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Density 
                 0.94 
                 0.94 
                 0.964 
                 0.953 
                 0.9244 
                 0.916 
               
               
                 (g/cm 3 ) 
               
               
                 Crystal- 
                 138 
                 138 
                 128-134 
                 126-133 
                 108-113 
                 102-109 
               
               
                 line 
               
               
                 melting 
               
               
                 range (° C.) 
               
               
                 Vicat 
                 — 
                 — 
                 127 
                 124 
                 91 
                 70 
               
               
                 softening 
               
               
                 point (° C.) 
               
               
                 Number 
                 — 
                 — 
                 25,000 
                 18,000 
                 30,000 
                 21,000 
               
               
                 avg. mw 
               
               
                 (g/mole) 
               
               
                 Weight 
                 3,000,000 
                 — 
                 80,000 
                 60,000 
                 67,000 
                 295,000 
               
               
                 avg. mw 
                 - 
                   
               
               
                 (g/mole) 
                 6,000,000 
                   
               
               
                 Max. 
                 — 
                 — 
                 90 
                 125 
                 75 
                 630 
               
               
                 particle 
               
               
                 size (d) 
               
               
                 micro- 
               
               
                 meters 
               
               
                 Mid-range 
                 — 
                 180 
                 30 
                 75 
                 17 
                 305 
               
               
                 particle 
               
               
                 size 
               
               
                 Mesh size 
                 — 
                 — 
                 170 
                 120 
                 200 
                 38 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE IC 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 CRYSTALLINE POLYOLEFIN POWDERS 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 MICRO- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 SCRUB 50 
                   
                   
                 Propyl-matte 
               
               
                   
                 MDPE* 
                 HMW* 
                 Coathylene 
                 Coathylene 
                 31 powder 
               
               
                   
                 MP*: 109- 
                 LDPE 
                 PY0787F 
                 PB0580 
                 PP 
               
               
                   
                 111 
                 Micro 
                 homo-PP* 
                 homo-PP 
                 Micro 
               
               
                 Property 
                 Aldrich 
                 Powders 
                 Clariant 
                 Clariant 
                 Powders 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 MFI A. 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 MFI B 
                 — 
                 — 
                 60 
                 100 
                 — 
               
               
                 MFI C. 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Density 
                 0.94 
                 — 
                 0.907 
                 0.905 
                 0.86 
               
               
                 (g/cm 3 ) 
               
               
                 Crystalline 
                 109-111 
                 107-109 
                 162-168 
                 162-168 
                 160-170 
               
               
                 melting range 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 Vicat 
                 — 
                 — 
                 148 
                 145 
                 — 
               
               
                 softening point 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 Number avg. 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 mw 
               
               
                 (g/mole) 
               
               
                 Weight avg. 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 mw 
               
               
                 (g/mole) 
               
               
                 Max. particle 
                 — 
                 297 
                 200 
                 90 
                 31 
               
               
                 size (d) micro- 
               
               
                 meters 
               
               
                 Mid-range 
                 — 
                 — 
                 110 
                 38 
                 12 
               
               
                 particle size 
               
               
                 micro-meters 
               
               
                 Mesh size 
                 — 
                  50 
                 70 
                 170 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *MP—melting point melting range  
               
               
                 MFI A—melt flow index (MI 190° C./2 kg) g/10 minutes  
               
               
                 MFI B—melt flow index (MI 190° C./5 kg) g/10 minutes  
               
               
                 MFI C—melt flow index (MI 190° C./21.6 kg) g/10 minutes  
               
               
                 Manufacturer&#39;s designations:  
               
               
                 HMW = high molecular weight,  
               
               
                 UHMW = ultra-high molecular weight,  
               
               
                 HDPE = high-density polyethylene,  
               
               
                 MDPE = medium-density polyethylene  
               
               
                 PE = polyethylene,  
               
               
                 LDPE = low-density polyethylene  
               
               
                 PP = isotactic polypropylene  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The polyethylene polymer available as Vistomer HD 2800 from Composite Particles Inc. is coated with a proprietary adhesive by the manufacturer and has a melt flow index at 190° C. under a load of 21.6 kg, of less than 1 g/10 minutes, a density of 0.93 g/cm 3 , a crystalline melting range of 130-135, a weight average molecular weight of more than 6,000,000 a maximum particle size of 125 microns, a mid range particle size of c.60 and a mesh size of 8,000. The Vistomer HD 2800 polyethylene is less preferred particularly for use in a vehicle seal. 
     The following examples illustrate the invention and are not intended to be limiting. 
     The crystalline polyolefin powder was typically applied by one of two methods; by dipping or by drawing the crystalline polyolefin powder along the substrate with a tool. The dipping method involved placing the rubber substrate into the crystalline polyolefin powder to obtain about 0.2 to 2 mm layer of the powder on the substrate. The crystalline polyolefin powder was applied by dipping in Examples 3, 4, 6, 7, 18, 20-25, 33, 40 and 41. 
     Alternatively, about 1 gram of crystalline polyolefin powder was placed near one end of a 20 cm×2 cm rubber strip. A notched tool was used to draw down a strip of powder down the length of the strip. The tool, made from a sheet of a high-hardness rubber had a notch 1 cm wide and 2 mm deep. The tool applied a strip of crystalline polyolefin powder 2 cm wide and 1 to 2 mm thick and about 1 gram in weight, to the rubber substrate. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     A coated substrate was prepared as follows. The surface of a piece of vulcanized, carbon black filled EPDM rubber was cleaning/roughening by abrading the surface by stroking the surface sheet about 20 times with emery paper. Then the surface was scrubbed with toluene for a short time and wiped dry. After a few minutes when the surface appeared to be dry by visual examination, the powder was applied. 
     The substrate was heated for 5 minutes at 230° C. in an air circulating oven. Then a layer of polyethylene powder sold under the trade name Hostalen GHR 8020 from Ticona, was applied by dipping the rubber substrate into the powder to form a layer of powder approximately 1 mm thick at the thickest points. The substrate was then placed in a 230° C. oven for 5 minutes and removed and cooled. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that after the coated substrate was removed from the oven, a room temperature glass cylinder or a steel cylinder was pressed and rolled over the molten polyolefin, by hand, for about 15 seconds. The cylinder was then removed; the resulting coated rubber was smooth and even. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that about one half the amount of crystalline polyolefin powder was used. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 3. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that the Polymatte 31 polypropylene was used instead of the GHR8020. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 6. 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that the GURX117 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 9 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that Microscrub 50 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 10 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1. 
     EXAMPLE 11 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that Microscrub 50 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 12 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that a mixture of 60% by weight of the Microscrub 50 polyethylene and 40% by weight GHR 8020 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 13 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that GHR 8020 polyethylene was applied to an uncured substrate and thus not pre-cleaned. 
     EXAMPLE 14 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that the GUR 400F polyethylene applied to an uncured substrate and thus not pre-cleaned. 
     EXAMPLE 15 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that GURX117 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 16 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2. 
     EXAMPLE 17 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that GHR 8110 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 18 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that a mixture of 60% by weight of the 8020 polyethylene and 40% by weight MS50 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 19 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that a mixture of 50% by weight of the 8020 polyethylene and 50% by weight MS50 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 20 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that a mixture of 50% by weight of the 8020 polyethylene and 50% by weight MS50 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 21 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that a mixture of 25% by weight of the 8020 polyethylene and 75% by weight MS50 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 22 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 22. 
     EXAMPLE 23 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that a thin layer of an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene from Aldrich was used. 
     EXAMPLE 24 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that “high density polyethylene” spectroscopy grade 130-145° C. from Aldrich was used. 
     EXAMPLE 25 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that a “medium density polyethylene” melting point 109-111° C. from Aldrich was used. 
     EXAMPLE 26 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that ultra high molecular weight polyethylene from Aldrich was used. 
     EXAMPLE 27 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, having a treated surface, from Aldrich was used. 
     EXAMPLE 28 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except Vistamer HD 2800 polyethylene coated with a manufacturer&#39;s proprietary adhesive, was used. 
     EXAMPLE 29 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except Vistamer HD 2800 polyethylene, coated with a manufacturer&#39;s proprietary adhesive, was used. 
     EXAMPLE 30 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that a the NC5374 Coathylene polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 31 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that a the Coathylene NB6454 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 32 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except Coathylene H01681 polyethylene with MFI of 70 was used. 
     EXAMPLE 33 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that Coathylene HA2454 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 34 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that Coathylene HA1931 polyethylene from Clariant was used. 
     EXAMPLE 35 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that Coathylene PB0580 polypropylene from Clariant was used. 
     EXAMPLE 36 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that Coathylene PB0580 polypropylene from Clariant was used. 
     EXAMPLE 37 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that Coathylene PYO787 polypropylene from Clariant was used. 
     EXAMPLE 38 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that a mixture of 100 parts by weight of the 8020 polyethylene and 6.5 parts by weight molybdenum disulfide powder was used. 
     EXAMPLE 39 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that a mixture of 100 parts of the MS50 polyethylene and 6.5 parts by weight molybdenum disulfide powder was used. 
     EXAMPLE 40 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that a mixture of 50% by weight of the MS50 polyethylene and 50% by weight GHR 8020 polyethylene along with 6 parts molybdenum disulfide powder was used. 
     EXAMPLE 41 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that a mixture of 25% by weight of the N6454 polyethylene and 75% by weight of the 8110 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 42 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that a mixture of 25% by weight of the N5374 polyethylene and 75% by weight GHR 8110 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 43 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 2, except that a mixture of 50% by weight of the N5374 polyethylene and 50% by weight GHR 8110 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 44 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that a mixture of 50% by weight of the N6454 polyethylene and 50% by weight of the 8110 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 45 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that a mixture of 75% by weight of the N5374 polyethylene and 25% by weight GHR 8020 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 46 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that the GHR 8110 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 47 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that a mixture of 25% by weight of the N5374 polyethylene and 75% by weight GHR 8110 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 48 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that a mixture of 38% by weight of the N5374 polyethylene and 62% by weight GHR 8110 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 49 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that N5374 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 50 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that a mixture of 75% by weight of the N5374 polyethylene and 25% by weight GHR 8100 polyethylene was used. 
     EXAMPLE 51 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that a mixture of 50% by, weight of the N5374 polyethylene and 50% by weight GHR 8100 polyethylene was used. 
     COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE A 
     An EPDM rubber strip without a coating was used as a control. 
     COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE B 
     An EPDM rubber strip with a Versicoat® polyurethane as coating was prepared using conventional methods. 
     COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE C 
     A coated substrate was prepared as in Example 1, except that a thin layer less than 300 μm of GHR 8020 polyethylene was used. 
     Evaluation 
     The coated rubbers of the Examples and the Comparative Example were evaluated for abrasion resistance, coefficient of friction and adhesion. After cooling, the test strips were tested by using the crockmeter. The coefficient of friction was recorded as a function of the number of crockmeter cycles. The typical average thickness of the films prepared was about 20 mils (about 0.5 mm). 
     The durability of the samples was determined by test method entitled General Motors Engineering Standards, Seals Abrasion Resistance GM9909P:R1:ETSSLN, January 1993. The abrasion resistance was measured by using the wear resistance testing apparatus, as shown in  FIG. 1  of the General Motors Standards. A 4 mm thick piece of non-tempered glass having a radius on the edge of 2.5 to 6 mm, with satin finish edge was rubbed, under weight, back and forth across the coated substrate. The samples of the coated substrates of the examples, were cut to 200 mm in length and trimmed as needed. The samples were mounted to a mounting fixture which was then attached to the wear resistance testing apparatus. The mounting fixture was centered and tighten so that the mounting fixture remained stationary and straight during the test. A weight of 2.7 kilograms was applied and the wear resistance testing apparatus was set to 60 cycles per minute, where the stroke of the abrasion element, that is, the glass, is 150 mm with one back and forth movement as one cycle. The glass was loaded to the wear resistance tester as per profile print in  FIG. 1  of the General Motors Engineering Standards. 
     The wear resistance test was performed and the samples were typically visually examined every 500 cycles. The glass was replaced every 5000 cycles. 
     In addition to visual examination, the depth of wear was determined by optical microscopy. Thus, the wear resistance is reported as number of cycles per micrometer (micron). The results are presented in Table II. 
     The coefficient of friction was determined by dividing lateral force to move the glass by the normal force 2.7 kg. this was done for each cycle and averages were taken. The polyolefin coatings of the Examples were evaluated for adhesion to the rubber substrate by visual examination and manual examination. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE II 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 SUMMARY OF CROCKMETER AND WEAR RESULTS 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Depth 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 of 
                 Abrasion 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Cycles 
                   
                 Wear, 
                 Resistance 
               
               
                   
                 Powder 
                 Initial 
                 Avg. 
                 To 
                 Coating 
                 micro- 
                 cycles/ 
               
               
                 Sample 
                 Type 
                 COF 
                 COF 
                 fail 
                 Appearance 
                 meters 
                 micrometer 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Compara- 
                 Control 
                 0.7027 
                 0.6775 
                 8640 
                 None 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 tive 
               
               
                 Ex.  —   
               
               
                 Compara- 
                 Control 
                 0.6584 
                 0.62041 
                 5000 
                 None 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 tive 
               
               
                 Ex.  —   
               
               
                 Compara- 
                 HS-37-EX-2 
                 0.3093 
                 0.4262 
                 1314 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 tive 
                 (Versicoat 
                   
               
               
                 Ex.  —   
                 PU) 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 1 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.277 
                 0.3461 
                 16600 
                 Moderately 
                 WT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 GHR8020 
                   
                   
                   
                 heavy 
                   
               
               
                   
                 not rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 uniform, 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 2 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.3208 
                 0.4351 
                 3300 
                 Medium 
                 WT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 GHR8020 
                   
                   
                   
                 thick, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 uniform, 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 3 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.4038 
                 0.4497 
                 430 
                 Light, 
                  52 
                  8.3 
               
               
                   
                 GHR8020 
                   
                   
                   
                 uniform, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 4 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.3714 
                 0.3946 
                 4835 
                 Light to 
                  75 
                  64.5 
               
               
                   
                 GHR8020 
                   
                   
                   
                 medium, 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 slightly 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 5 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.3171 
                 0.3455 
                 5000 
                 Medium to 
                  59 
                  84.7 
               
               
                   
                 GHR8020 
                   
                   
                   
                 heavy, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 slightly 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 6 
                 Polymatte 
                 0.7354 
                 0.7353 
                 106 
                 Moderate 
                 WT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 31 
                   
                   
                   
                 to thin, 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 smooth 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 7 
                 Polymatte 
                 0.7758 
                 0.7758 
                 115 
                 Moderate 
                 WT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 31 
                   
                   
                   
                 to thin, 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 smooth 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 8 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.3168 
                 0.4149 
                 209 
                 Medium 
                 WT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 GURX117 
                   
                   
                   
                 thick 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 uniform 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 unfused 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 9 
                 Microscrub 
                 0.4663 
                 0.515 
                 244 
                 Aesthetic- 
                 WT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 50 
                   
                   
                   
                 ally 
                   
               
               
                   
                 not rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 mottled 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 10 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.2475 
                 0.2823 
                 20000 
                 Thick, 
                 153 
                 130.7 
               
               
                   
                 GHR8020 
                   
                   
                   
                 smooth, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 not rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 lucent 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 11 
                 Microscrub 
                 0.4404 
                 0.464 
                 10000 
                 Thick, 
                 WT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 50 
                   
                   
                   
                 smooth, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 lucent 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 12 
                 Microscrub 
                 0.3657 
                 0.3409 
                 20000 
                 Thick, 
                 257 
                  77.8 
               
               
                   
                 50/Hostalen 
                   
                   
                   
                 smooth, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 GHR8020 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 60/40 
                   
                   
                   
                 lucent 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 13 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.295 
                 0.3061 
                 20000 
                 Thick, 
                  62 
                 322.6 
               
               
                   
                 GHR8020# 
                   
                   
                   
                 smooth, 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 lucent 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 14 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.2402 
                 0.3186 
                 20000 
                 Smooth, 
                  33 
                 606.1 
               
               
                   
                 GUR400# 
                   
                   
                   
                 white 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 film, poor 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 adhesion 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 15 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.3322 
                 0.3889 
                 6675 
                 Smooth, 
                  20 
                 333.8 
               
               
                   
                 GURX117 
                   
                   
                   
                 white 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 film; poor 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 adhesion 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 16 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.3593 
                 0.3229 
                 20000 
                 Thick, 
                 129 
                 155.0 
               
               
                   
                 GHR8020 
                   
                   
                   
                 smooth, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 lucent 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 17 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.2371 
                 0.255 
                 20000 
                 Thick, 
                  31 
                 645.2 
               
               
                   
                 GHR8110 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 lucent 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 18 
                 GHR8020/ 
                 .05321 
                 0.34 
                 10000 
                 White, 
                  43 
                 232.6 
               
               
                   
                 Microscrub 
                   
                   
                   
                 moderately 
                   
               
               
                   
                 50 60/40 
                   
                   
                   
                 thick 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 19 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.4698 
                 0.4563 
                 4153 
                 Moderately 
                  96 
                  43.3 
               
               
                   
                 GHR8020/ 
                   
                   
                   
                 thin, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Microscrub 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 50 50/50 
                   
                   
                   
                 lucent 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 20 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.3814 
                 0.4364 
                 2334 
                 Medium 
                 WT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 GHR8020/ 
                   
                   
                   
                 thin 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Microscrub 
                   
                   
                   
                 rough, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 50 25/75 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 not rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 lucent 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 21 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.3676 
                 0.5592 
                 1000 
                 Medium 
                 WT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 GHR8020/ 
                   
                   
                   
                 thin 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Micro- 
                   
                   
                   
                 rough, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 scrub 50 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 25/75 not 
                   
                   
                   
                 lucent 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 22 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.4782 
                 0.4928 
                 6146 
                 Medium 
                 WT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 GHR8020/ 
                   
                   
                   
                 thin 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Microscrub 
                   
                   
                   
                 rough, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 50 25/75 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 not rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 lucent 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 23 
                 UHMW PE 
                 1.1185 
                 1.0854 
                 59 
                 Very thin, 
                 WT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 (Aldrich) 
                   
                   
                   
                 milky 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 white 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 24 
                 HDPE 
                 0.4545 
                 0.5719 
                 246 
                 Thin, 
                 WT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Spectroscopy 
                   
                   
                   
                 smooth 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Grade 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 MP: 130- 
                   
                   
                   
                 parent 
                   
               
               
                   
                 145° C., 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (Aldrich) 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 25 
                 Medium 
                 0.5158 
                 0.5588 
                 2487 
                 Medium 
                 WT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 density PE 
                   
                   
                   
                 thickness, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (MDPE) 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 MP: 
                   
                   
                   
                 parent 
                   
               
               
                   
                 109-111, 
                   
                   
                   
                 bumpy 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (Aldrich) 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 26 
                 PE UHMW 
                 0.4945 
                 0.5439 
                 121 
                 Thick 
                  32 
                  3.8 
               
               
                   
                 (Aldrich) 
                   
                   
                   
                 white 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 film, poor 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 adhesion 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 27 
                 PE UHMW 
                 0.3007 
                 0.3508 
                 10000 
                 Thick off- 
                  34 
                 294.1 
               
               
                   
                 (Aldrich), 
                   
                   
                   
                 white 
                   
               
               
                   
                 treated 
                   
                   
                   
                 film, poor 
                   
               
               
                   
                 surface 
                   
                   
                   
                 adhesion 
                   
               
               
                   
                 not rolled 
                   
               
               
                 Compara- 
                 Vistomer 
                 0.3976 
                 0.4096 
                 85 
                 Smooth, 
                  40 
                  2.1 
               
               
                 tive 
                 HD2800 
                   
                   
                   
                 thick 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 28 
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 lucent 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 film 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 29 
                 Vistomer 
                 0.3667 
                 0.381 
                 5670 
                 Smooth, 
                 WT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 HD2800, 
                   
                   
                   
                 thick, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 parent 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 film 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 30 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.22 
                 0.2152 
                 10000 
                 Smooth, 
                  97 
                 103.1 
               
               
                   
                 NC5374 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 parent, 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 cracks in 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 groove 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 after test 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 31 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.2077 
                 0.2134 
                 10000 
                 Smooth, 
                 126 
                  79.4 
               
               
                   
                 NB6454 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 parent 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 puddles 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 32 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.4499 
                 0.5867 
                 6390 
                 Smooth, 
                 WT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 HO1681 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 parent, 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 thin 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 33 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.4486 
                 0.4526 
                 62 
                 Smooth, 
                  68 
                  0.9 
               
               
                   
                 HA2454 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 parent, 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 puddles 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 34 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.3389 
                 0.4275 
                 1240 
                 Smooth, 
                 348 
                  3.6 
               
               
                   
                 HA1931 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 parent, 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 puddles 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 35 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.3545 
                 0.4016 
                 4259 
                 Fairly 
                 140 
                  30.4 
               
               
                   
                 PB0580 
                   
                   
                   
                 thick, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 uniform, 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 36 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.4386 
                 0.4778 
                 180 
                 Smooth, 
                 113 
                  1.6 
               
               
                   
                 PB0580 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 parent 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 37 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.2046 
                 0.3029 
                 3108 
                 Smooth, 
                  78 
                  39.8 
               
               
                   
                 PY0787 
                   
                   
                   
                 thick, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 parent 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 film 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 38 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.296 
                 0.3298 
                 10000 
                 Medium 
                  87 
                 114.9 
               
               
                   
                 GHR8020/ 
                   
                   
                   
                 thickness, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 MoS 2   
                   
                   
                   
                 uniform, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 100/6.5 
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 39 
                 Microscrub 
                 0.5217 
                 0.5225 
                 63 
                 Thin, 
                  59 
                  1.1 
               
               
                   
                 50/ MoS 2   
                   
                   
                   
                 mottled 
                   
               
               
                   
                 100/6.5 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 40 
                 Microscrub 
                 0.3884 
                 0.3818 
                 10000 
                 Moderately 
                 121 
                  82.6 
               
               
                   
                 50/ 
                   
                   
                   
                 thin, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Hostalen 
                   
                   
                   
                 trans- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 GHR8020/ 
                   
                   
                   
                 lucent 
                   
               
               
                   
                 MoS 2   
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 41 
                 NB6454/ 
                 0.2061 
                 0.2351 
                 10000 
                 Thick, 
                  42 
                 238.1 
               
               
                   
                 GHR8110 
                   
                   
                   
                 uniform, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 25/75 
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 42 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.2438 
                 0.2512 
                 10000 
                 Thick, 
                  66 
                 151.5 
               
               
                   
                 NC5374/ 
                   
                   
                   
                 uniform, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 GHR8110 
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                   
                 25/75 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 43 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.2538 
                 0.2613 
                 10000 
                 Thick, 
                  89 
                 112.4 
               
               
                   
                 NC5374/ 
                   
                   
                   
                 uniform, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 GHR8110 
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                   
                 50/50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 44 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.1945 
                 0.217 
                 10000 
                 Thick, 
                  40 
                 250.0 
               
               
                   
                 NB6454/ 
                   
                   
                   
                 uniform, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Hostalen 
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                   
                 GHR8110 
                   
               
               
                   
                 50/50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 45 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.2515 
                 0.2816 
                 10000 
                 Thick, 
                  83 
                 120.5 
               
               
                   
                 NC5374/ 
                   
                   
                   
                 uniform, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 GHR8110 
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                   
                 75/25 not 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 46 
                 Hostalen 
                 0.2724 
                 0.2575 
                 10000 
                 Thick, 
                 115 
                  87.0 
               
               
                   
                 GHR8110 
                   
                   
                   
                 uniform, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 not rolled 
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 47 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.2227 
                 0.2165 
                 10000 
                 Thick, 
                  45 
                 222.2 
               
               
                   
                 NC5374/ 
                   
                   
                   
                 uniform, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 GHR8110 
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                   
                 25/75 not 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 48 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.2136 
                 0.246 
                 10000 
                 Thick, 
                  76 
                 131.6 
               
               
                   
                 NC5374/ 
                   
                   
                   
                 uniform, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 GHR8110 
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                   
                 38/62 not 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 49 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.3462 
                 0.3431 
                 5100 
                 Bumpy 
                 WT 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 NC5374 not 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 50 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.2782 
                 0.2847 
                 10000 
                 Thick, 
                 209 
                  47.8 
               
               
                   
                 NC5374/ 
                   
                   
                   
                 uniform, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 GHR8110 
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                   
                 75/25 not 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 51 
                 Coathylene 
                 0.2136 
                 0.2182 
                 10000 
                 Thick, 
                  73 
                 137.0 
               
               
                   
                 NC5374/ 
                   
                   
                   
                 uniform, 
                   
               
               
                   
                 GHR8110 
                   
                   
                   
                 rough 
                   
               
               
                   
                 50/50 not 
                   
               
               
                   
                 rolled 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 WT—worn through  
               
               
                 #rubber substrate not cured at time crystalline polyolefin powder was applied  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The coatings of the Examples show reduced coefficients of friction in comparison to the comparative Example. In particular, the coatings of Examples 9, 10, 11, 13, 14b, 14/18, 15-17, 19 21, 22, 23b, have significantly reduced coefficients of friction and show good wear characteristics. When the Versicoat® polyurethane control coating is fresh, the wear resistance is typically about 400 cycles/micron. However, with weathering, the wear resistance typically drops to about 10 cycles/micron, and the coefficient of friction greatly increases. 
     Thus, a reduced coefficient of friction is obtained with the coated substrates of the present invention. The wear resistance of the coating containing a polyethylene polymer having a molecular weight of 300,000 and higher, Examples 13 to 17 is greater than coatings containing polyethylene with a molecular weight below 300,000, such as Examples 30 and 31 However, the adhesion of the ultra high molecular weight HDPE to the substrate is typically not as strong as with the other HDPE. 
     Surprisingly, the coating which is a mixture of the of ultra-high molecular weight HDPE and the lower-molecular-weight HDPE has improved wear resistance and satisfactory adhesion to the substrate. 
     The coated substrate prepared in example 14, employed a polyethylene polymer having a molecular weight in excess of 6,000,000, GUR 400F. The resulting laminate had poor adherence making it less preferred for a vehicle seal but useful for a laminate having a temporary or easily removable polyolefin coating. 
     Crystalline polyolefin powders were also applied to rubber substrates having a temperature in the range of 20° C. to 26° C.; the coatings were satisfactory based on visual evaluation.