Abstract:
Method and system for digitally directive focusing and steering of sampled sound within a target area for producing a selective audio output accompanying video. In a preferred embodiment, the method and system is characterized by receiving position and focus data from one or more cameras shooting an event, and use this input data for generating relevant sound output together with the picture.

Description:
INTRODUCTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to directional audio capturing and more specifically to a method and system for producing selective audio in a video production, thereby enabling broadcasting with controlled steer and zoom functionality. 
         [0002]    The system is useful for capturing sound under noisy conditions where spatial filtering is necessary, e.g. capturing of sound from athletes, referees and coaches under sports events for broadcasting production. 
         [0003]    The system comprises one or more microphone arrays, one or more sampling units, storing means, and a control and signal-processing unit with input means for receiving position data. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Prior Art 
       [0004]    A microphone array is a multi channel acoustic acquisition setup comprising two or more sound pressure sensors located at different locations in space in order to spatially sample the sound pressure from one or several sources. Signal processing techniques can be used to control, or more specifically to steer, the microphone array toward any source of interest. The techniques to use can be among: delay of signals, filtering, weighting, and adding up signals from the microphone elements to achieve the desired spatial selectivity. This is referred to as the beam forming. Microphones in a controllable microphone array should be well matched in amplitude and phase. If not the differences must be known in order to perform error corrections in software and/or hardware. The principles behind steering of an array are well known from relevant signal processing literature. Microphone arrays can be rectangular, circular, or in three dimensions. 
         [0005]    There are several known systems comprising microphone arrays. The majority of these have a main focus on signal processing for optimization of sampled signals and/or interpreting the position of objects or elements in the picture. 
         [0006]    The most relevant prior art are described in the following. 
         [0007]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,940,118 describes a system and method for steering directional microphones. The system is intended used in conference rooms containing audience members. It comprises optical input means, i.e. cameras and interpreting means for interpreting which audio members that are speaking, and means for activating the sound towards the sound source. 
         [0008]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,469,732 describes an apparatus and method used in a video conference system for providing accurate determination of the position of a speaking participant. 
         [0009]    JP2004 180197 describes a microphone array that can be digitally controlled with regard to acoustic focus. 
         [0010]    The present invention is a method and system for controlled focusing and steering of the sound to be presented together with video. The invention differs from prior art in its flexibility and ease of use. 
         [0011]    In a preferred embodiment, the invention is a method and system for receiving position and focus data from one or more cameras shooting an event, and use this input data for generating relevant sound output together with the video. 
         [0012]    In another embodiment, a user may input the wanted location to pick up sound from, and signal processing means will use this to perform the necessary signal processing. 
         [0013]    In yet another embodiment, the position data for the location to pick up sound from can be sent from a system comprising antenna(s) picking up radio signals from radio transmitter(s) placed on or in object(s) to track, together with means for deducing the location and send this information to the system according to the present invention. The radio sender can for instance be placed in a football, thereby enabling the system to record sound from the location of the ball, and also to control one or more cameras such that both video and sound will be focused on the location of the ball. 
       OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0014]    The object of the present invention is to provide selective audio output with regard to relevant target area(s). 
         [0015]    The object is achieved by a system for digitally directive focusing and steering of sampled sound within the target area for producing the selective audio output. The system comprises one or more broadband arrays of microphones, one or more A/D signal converting unit, a control unit with input means, output means, storage means, and one or more signal processing units. 
         [0016]    The system is characterized in that the control unit comprises input means for receiving digital signals of captured sound from all the microphones comprised by the system, and input means for receiving instructions comprising selective position data. 
         [0017]    The system is further characterized in that the control unit comprises signal processing means for: choosing signals from a selection of relevant microphones in the array(s) for further processing, and for performing signal processing on the signals from the selection of relevant microphones for focusing and steering the sound according to the received instructions, and for generating a selective audio output in accordance with the performed processing. 
         [0018]    The object of the invention is further achieved by a method for digitally directive focusing and steering of sampled sound within a target area for producing a selective audio output, where the method comprises use of one or more broadband arrays of microphones, an A/D signal converting unit, and a control unit with input means, output means, storage means and one or more signal processing units. 
         [0019]    The method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps performed by the control unit:
       receiving digital signals of captured sound from all the microphones comprised in the system;   receiving instructions comprising selective position data through the input means in the control unit;   choosing signals from a selection of relevant microphones in the broadband array(s) for further processing, and where the selection performed is based on spectral analyses of the signal;   performing signal processing on the signals from the selection of relevant microphones for focusing and steering the sound according to the received instructions;   generating one or more selective audio output(s) in accordance with the performed processing.       
 
         [0025]    One main feature of the invention is that the selective position data can be provided in real time or in a post processing process of the recorded sound. The focus area(s) to produce sound from can be defined by an end user giving input instructions of the area(s) or by the position and focusing of one or more cameras. 
         [0026]    The objects of the invention is obtained by the means and the method as set for the in the appended set of claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0027]    The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the figures wherein; 
           [0028]      FIG. 1  shows an overview of the different system components integrated with cameras. 
           [0029]      FIG. 2  shows a setup that can provide audio from different locations to a surround system, depending on the cameras that are in use. 
           [0030]      FIG. 3  shows examples of frequency optimizing with spatial filters in the array design. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0031]      FIG. 1  shows an overview of the different system components integrated with cameras. 
         [0032]    The components shown in the drawing are broadband microphone arrays  100 ,  110  to be positioned adjacent to the area to record sound from. The analogue signals from each microphone are converted to digital signal in an A/D converter  210  comprised in an A/D unit  200 . The A/D unit can also have memory means  220  for storing the digital signals, and data transfer means  230  for transferring the digital signals to a control unit  300 . 
         [0033]    The control unit  300  can be located at a remote location and receive the digital signals of the captured sound over a wired or wireless network, e.g. through cable or satellite letting an end user do all the steer and focus signal processing local. The control unit  300  comprises a data receiver  310  for receiving digital sound signals from the A/D unit  200 . It further comprises data storage means  320  for storing the received signals, signal processing means  330  for real time or post processing, and audio generating means  340  for generating a selective audio output. Before storing the signals in the data storage, the signal can be converted to a compressed format to save space. 
         [0034]    The control unit  300  further comprises input means  350  for receiving instructions comprising selective position data. These instructions are typically coordinates defining position and focusing point of one or more camera(s) shooting an event taking place at specific location(s) within the target area. 
         [0035]    In a first embodiment, the coordinates of the sound source can be provided by the focus point of camera(s)  150 ,  160  and from the azimuth and altitude of camera tripod(s). By connecting the system to one or more television cameras and receive positioning coordinates in two or three dimensions (azimuth, altitude, and range), it is possible to steer and focus the sound according to the focus point of the camera lens. 
         [0036]    In a second embodiment, the coordinates and thus the location of the sound source can be provided by an operator operating a graphical user interface(s) (GUI), showing an overview of the target area, a keyboard, an audio mixing unit, and one or more joysticks. The GUI provides the operator with the information on where to steer and zoom. 
         [0037]    The GUI can show live video from one or more connected cameras (multiple channels). In a preferred embodiment, additional graphic is added to the GUI in order to point out where the system is steering. This simplifies the operation of the system and gives the operator full control over zoom and steer function. 
         [0038]    In a third embodiment, the system can use algorithms to find predefined sound sources. For example the system can be set up to listen for a referee&#39;s whistle and then steer and focus audio and video to this location. 
         [0039]    In yet another embodiment, the location or coordinates can be provided by a system tracking the location of an object, e.g. a football being played in a play field. 
         [0040]    A combination of the above mentioned embodiments is also a feasible alternative. 
         [0041]    On order for the sound and focus area of the camera(s) to be synchronized, the system need to have a common coordinate system. The coordinates from the cameras will be calibrated relative to a reference point common for the system and cameras. 
         [0042]    The system can capture sound form several different locations simultaneously (multi-channel-functionality) and provide audio to a surround system. The locations can be predefined for each camera or change dynamically in real-time in accordance with the cameras position, focus, and angle. 
         [0043]    The selective audio output is achieved by combining the digital sound signals and the position data and performing the necessary signal processing in the signal processor. 
         [0044]    Sampling of the signals from the microphones can be done simultaneously for all the microphones or multiplexed by multiplexing signals from the microphones before the analog to digital conversion. 
         [0045]    The signal processing comprises spatial and spectral beam forming and calculation of signal delay due to multiplexed sampling, for performing corrections in software or hardware. 
         [0046]    The signal processing further comprises calculation of sound pressure delay from the sound target to the array of microphones with the purpose of performing synchronization of the signal with a predefined time delay. 
         [0047]    The signal processing comprises regulation of the sampling rate on selected microphone elements to obtain optimal signal sampling and processing. 
         [0048]    The signal processing enables dynamically selective audio output with panning, tilting and zooming of the sound to one or more locations simultaneously and also to provide audio to one or several channels including surround systems. 
         [0049]    The signal processing also provides variable sampling frequency (Fs). Fs on microphone elements active at high frequencies is higher than on elements active at low frequencies. Fs based on the specter of the signal and Rayleigh criteria (sampling rate at least twice as high as signal frequency) gives optimal signal sampling and processing, and provides smaller amount of data to be stored and processed. 
         [0050]    The signal processing comprises changing aperture of the microphone array in order to obtain a given frequency response and reduce the number of active elements in the microphone array. 
         [0051]    The focusing point(s) decides which spatial weighting functions to use for adjusting the degree of spatial beam forming with focusing and steering with delay and summing of beam formers, and changing of side lobes&#39; level and the beam width. 
         [0052]    Spatial beam forming is executed by choosing a weighting function among Cosin, Kaiser, Hamming, Hannig, Blackmann-Harris and Prolate Spheroidal according to chosen beam width of the main lobe. 
         [0053]    The system samples the acoustic sound pressure from all the elements, or a selection of elements in all the arrays and stores the data in storage unit. The sampling can be done simultaneously for all the channels or multiplexed. Since the whole sound field is sampled and stored, all the steer-and-zoom signal processing for the sound can, in addition to real-time processing, be done as post-processing (go back in time and extract sound from any location). Post-processing of the stored data offers the same functionality as real-time processing and the operator can provide audio from any wanted location the system is set to cover. 
         [0054]    Since it is of great importance to provide synchronization with external audio and video equipment, the system is able to estimate and compensate for the delay of the audio signal due to the propagation time of the signal from the sound source to the microphone array(s). The operator will set the maximum required range that system needs to cover, and the maximum time delay will be automatically calculated. This will be the output delay of the system and all the audio out of the system will have this delay. 
         [0055]    By implementing different sensors, the system can correct for error in sound propagation due to temperature gradients, humidity in the media (air), and movements in the media caused by wind and exchange of warm and cold air. 
         [0056]      FIG. 2  shows a setup that can provide audio from different locations to a surround system, depending on the cameras that are in use. The figure shows a play field  400  with an array of microphones  100  located in the middle and above the play field  400 . The figure further shows one camera  150  covering the shortest side of the play field  400 , and another camera  160  covering the longest side of the play field  400 . 
         [0057]    By using this setup, the present invention can provide relevant sound from multiple channels (CH 1 -CH 4 ) to the scene covered by each camera. 
         [0058]    By receiving location information from a system comprising a radio transmitter, placed in a ball being played in the play filed, and antenna(s) for picking up the radio signals, it is possible to have a system always picking up the sound from where the action is, and for instance let this sound represent the center channel in a surround system. 
         [0059]      FIG. 3  shows examples of changing aperture for frequency optimizing with spatial filters in the array design. 
         [0060]    The systems can dynamically change the aperture of the array to obtain an optimized beam according to wanted beam width, frequency response and array gain. This can be accomplished by only processing data from selected array elements and in this way the system can reduce needed amount of signal processing. 
         [0061]    Black dots denotes active microphone elements, and white dots denotes passive microphone elements. 
         [0062]    A shows a microphone array with all microphone elements active. This configuration will give the best response and directivity for all the spectra the array will cover. 
         [0063]    B shows a high frequency optimized thinned array that can be used when there is no low frequency sound present or when no spatial filtering for the lower frequency is required. 
         [0064]    C shows a middle frequency optimized thinned array that can be used when there is no low or high frequency sound present or when no spatial filtering for the lower or higher frequency is wanted, e.g. when only normal speech are present. 
         [0065]    D shows a low frequency optimized thinned array that can be used when there is no high frequency sound present or when no spatial filtering for the higher frequency is required. 
         [0066]    Several adaptations of the system are feasible, thereby enabling different ways of using the system. The signal processing, and thus the final sound output can be processed locally, or at a remote location. 
         [0067]    By enabling signal processing at a remote location it is possible for an end user, watching for instance sports event on a TV, to control what locations to receive sound from. Signal processing means can be located at the end user, and the user can input the locations he or she wants to receive sound from. The input device for inputting locations can for instance be a mouse or joystick controlling a cursor on the screen where the sports event is displayed. The signal processing means  300  with its output and input means  340 ,  350  can then be implemented in a top-set box. 
         [0068]    Alternatively, the end user may send position data to signal processing means located at another location than the end user, and in turn receive the processed and steered sound from relevant position(s).