Abstract:
An adapter for a pipe is disclosed where the adapter changes the effective inside diameter of the tube to increase the airspeed flowing through the area where the adapter is placed. The adapter is utilized in automobiles where to adjust engine parameters based upon the requirements from the various sensors. This allows original sensors to be used in pipe while providing the overall appearance of a larger section of pipe. A kit including a number of nesting adapters is provided to allow altering of the cross sectional area of the pipe. The location of the sensor is maintained in the center of the pipe and the adapter(s) engage, nest, or connect to cause a progressive reduction of the pipe diameter until the optimal air flow speed is achieved based upon the requirements of the sensor.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    This invention relates to an adapter for flow sensor. More particularly, the adapter is utilized in automobiles where to adjust engine parameters based upon the requirements from various sensors. The adapter is one or more sleeves that are placed within an airflow tube to restrict the diameter of the tube resulting in an increase in the air speed through the area of the pipe where the adapter is placed. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    When modifying air intake and air flow pipes in customized vehicles it is often desirable to utilize pipes or tubes that are different in diameter than the pipes or tubes that the vehicle was designed with. The alteration of inside diameter of the pipe often creates a difference in the flow characteristics of air that moves through the pipes or tubes. Changing the cross sectional area of the pipe or tube will alter the information monitored by sensors placed within the tubes or pipes. Several solutions will allow the correct information to be monitored by the sensors. One option is to locate a sensor that can be used with the different size pipe or tube. Because of the large number of variations in sensors and pipe diameters, locating an acceptable sensor would be an involved and possibly futile effort. Another option, as proposed in this application is to utilize the pipe with one or more adapter sleeves that make the inside diameter equivalent to the inside diameter of the original equipment pipe or tube. Some patents have been issued to try and alter the size or diameter of a pipe or tube where sensors are used. Exemplary examples can be found in the patents identified herein. 
         [0003]    U.S. Pat. No. 3,795,145 issued to Harry Miller on Mar. 5, 1974 discloses a Variable Throat Venturi Airspeed Sensor. This patent uses a section of pipe where a hinged arm is articulated to reduce the area of the pipe. Pressure sensors are placed both before the restriction and at the apex of the restriction. While this patent discloses an alteration of the flow within the tube the size of the alteration is not performed with sleeves. The sensor is not an O 2  or a Mass Air Flow Sensor used in an automotive application. 
         [0004]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,006,634 issued to Richard J. Billette et al. on Feb. 8, 1977 discloses a Flow Meter with a changeable restriction in the pipe. While the restriction is variable by using different size an orifice, the restriction is not a sleeve that extends over the area where the sensor(s) is/are located. The sensors in this patent are pressure sensors and are used to determine the pressure change before and after the restrictive orifice. The sensor is not an O 2  or a Mass Air Flow Sensor used in an automotive application. 
         [0005]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,083,244 issued to Jason Agar et al. on Apr. 11, 1978 discloses a Method and Apparatus for Measuring Fluid Flow and/or for Exercising a Control in dependencies thereon. A variety of different shaped restrictions are disclosed to determine the result of having the restriction within the pipe. The patent uses thermistors placed within the airflow that are electrically heated and cooled with the airflow to determine the characteristics of the airflow within the tube. The sensor is not an O 2  or a Mass Air Flow Sensor used in an automotive application. 
         [0006]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,691,740 issued to Harvey E. Svetik et al. on Sep. 8, 1987 discloses a Pipeline Lining for pipe. This patent is a lining that is threaded into an existing pipe and it effectively alters the inside diameter of the pipe. While this patent discloses a means to alter the inside diameter of a pipe, the entire length of the pipe is altered, and there are no sensors that monitor the flow through the pipe. The only opening is for a vent for evacuating the air between the inside and outside pipe. 
         [0007]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,053,055 issued to Lloyd E. Nelson on Apr. 25, 2000 discloses a Multi-Port Orifice Meter Fitting. The meter fitting-includes two outer plates with a rotatable orifice plate located between the two outer plates. While the purpose of this patent is to allow for replacement of an orifice without the need to open the pipe and replace the orifice, the patent could be used with orifices of different diameter to alter the flow rate through the orifice. While the flow rate through the orifice is different than the flow through the pipe, there is no monitoring means to measure the flow located within the orifice. 
         [0008]    What is needed is a flow adapter with insert sleeves of various diameters that fit within a section of pipe to alter the flow to tune the flow for a sensor placed within the section or pipe and the adapter sleeve. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    It is an object of the adapter for an air flow sensor to alter the cross sectional area of the pipe to adjust the air flow through the adapter to match the air flow with the sensor. 
         [0010]    It is an object of the adapter for an air flow sensor to provide a plurality of sleeve inserts to allow a user to vary the flow rate past a sensor to optimize the flow rate to match the sensor. 
         [0011]    It is an object of the adapter for an air flow sensor to allow multiple flow altering sleeves to be nested to alter the flow rate to different degrees. 
         [0012]    It is another object of the adapter for an air flow sensor to provide a clearance in the insert sleeve(s) to allow for straddling a sensor. 
         [0013]    It is another object of the adapter to allow for installation and removal of the sleeve without requiring the removal of the sensor. 
         [0014]    It is another object of the adapter to provide the adapter with spacers or couplers for use with various sensors to accommodate hole pattern and dimensional variations of different sensors to adapt the sensor to the pipe adapter as well as allowing the height of the sensor to be adjusted relative to the center of the pipe adapter. 
         [0015]    It is still another object of the adapter for an air flow sensor to provide a plenum where the sensor is placed within the center of the sleeve to tune the air flow with the sensor requirements. 
         [0016]    Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention, along with the accompanying drawings in which like numerals represent like components. 
     
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0017]      FIG. 1  shows an isometric view looking partially through a pipe with an insert and a flow sensor. 
           [0018]      FIG. 2  shows a cross sectional view of the pipe an insert, and the flow sensor in a flow stream. 
           [0019]      FIG. 3  shows a large diameter insert. 
           [0020]      FIG. 4  shows a medium diameter insert. 
           [0021]      FIG. 5  shows a smaller diameter insert. 
           [0022]      FIG. 6  shows multiple inserts inserted within a section of pipe. 
           [0023]      FIG. 7  shows a chart showing the resulting difference in flow with a change in the inside diameter of a pipe as a result of an insert being placed within the tube. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0024]      FIG. 1  shows an isometric view looking partially through a pipe with an insert and a flow sensor. The adapter  10  includes an outer pipe  20  that houses the sleeve(s)  50  and allows for attachment of the sensor  40 . In one embodiment the pipe is fabricated from tubular stock, where a saddle  25  is welded over an opening  22  where the sensor is placed through. In another contemplated embodiment the outer pipe  20  and saddle  25  is molded or cast as a single unit. The top of the saddle  25  includes mounting holes for securing a sensor  40 . In the intended use the adapter is intended for use in the plenum of a motor vehicle and the sensor is standard sensor intended for use with the specific engine and or vehicle. The sensor  40  senses air speed, air flow, mass air flow, or other similar parameter, and the data is sent to a engine for regulation or control of other engine related parameters. 
         [0025]    In most vehicles the size of the pipe and sensor are designed as a package. For example the sensor is designed with a 2 inch diameter pipe. Modifications to the plenum increase the pipe diameter to 3 inches where the cross sectional area of the pipe is more than doubled, resulting in a significant reduction in the air flow speed past the sensor. In order to return the air speed to original speed and keep the appearance of the larger diameter pipe, the insert  50  is placed within the pipe  20  to return the air speed past the sensor to the original speed. The pipe  20  and the saddle  25  have an opening  42  that extends from the outside of the pipe to the inside of the pipe for the sensor  40  such that the sensing portion  48  of the sensor in approximately the center of the pipe. The sensor has one or more flanges or ears  45  that extend from the body of the sensor for mounting the sensor. In the embodiment shown, one ear is held onto the saddle with a threaded fastener  60 . The sensing portion  48  in the embodiment shown consists of a through hole with the sensor placed within the hole. A cutout  55  in the insert  50  allows the insert to slide past an installed sensor without causing a significant change in the flow past the sensor. A shoulder on the insert or sleeve  50  maintains the insert concentric with the pipe and the shoulder on the insert prevents the insert from sliding into the pipe. 
         [0026]    Various adapters attach to saddle  25  to allow attachment of various sensors to the same pipe  20  and saddle  25 . When using the adapter in conjunction with an adjacent pipe the shoulder on sleeve  50  located the insert in the axial direction. 
         [0027]      FIG. 2  shows a cross sectional view of the pipe adapter  10  inside pipe  20  with insert  50 , and the flow sensor in a flow stream. The assembly  10 , the sleeve insert  50 , pipe  20  and the sensor  40  is shown with connecting pipe  85  feeding into the assembly  10  connecting pipe  80  where the flow exits the assembly. Ring, pinch or similar clams  70  and  72  with rubber couplers or similar connectors  80  and  85  to secure the assembly  10  to the incoming pipe  101  and the outgoing pipe  102 . The insert  50  starts with the same or similar inside diameter “A” as the pipe  20  where the flow enters. The flow is shown as a series of arrows in this figure entering the wide portion of the insert and being compressed and accelerating as they pass through the insert  50 . The inside diameter of the pipe “A” and the minimal inside diameter of the insert “B” provides mathematical ratio of the cross sectional area of the flow area and the change is flow rate using a ratio of the diameters as shown mathematically below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               Air 
                
               
                   
               
                
               Speed 
                
               
                   
               
                
               ratio 
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       A 
                       / 
                       2 
                     
                     ) 
                   
                   2 
                 
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       B 
                       / 
                       2 
                     
                     ) 
                   
                   2 
                 
               
                
               
                   
               
                
               or 
                
               
                   
               
                
               
                 
                   A 
                   2 
                 
                 
                   B 
                   2 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0028]    Using the previous example of a 3 inch original inside diameter and a 2 inch inside diameter of the insert the Air Speed ratio is shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               Air 
                
               
                   
               
                
               Speed 
                
               
                   
               
                
               ratio 
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   A 
                   2 
                 
                 
                   B 
                   2 
                 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     3 
                     2 
                   
                   
                     2 
                     2 
                   
                 
                 = 
                 
                   
                     9 
                     4 
                   
                   = 
                   2.25 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0029]    In this example the flow speed is increased 2.25 times. Referring to  FIG. 7  that shows a chart with the resulting difference in flow with a change in the inside diameter of a pipe as a result of an insert being placed within the tube. In this chart the Y axis or ordinate shows the ratio of diameters A/B. The X axis or abscissa shows the Air Speed Increase. The line  120  plots the two factors. In application the inside diameter of the insert sleeve is determined from documentation provided by the manufacturer of the sensor or from measurement of the prior installed pipe, but the use of an insert with larger or smaller diameter may be preferred to alter vehicle performance. 
         [0030]    Referring back to the cross sectional view shown in  FIG. 2 . The body of the sensor  40  encloses connectors or other electronics. The ear  45  is shown with a screw, both or other fastener  61  installed on a washer  62  securing the sensor onto the saddle  25  through an adapter, gasket or spacer  30 . In this figure the adapter  30  is shown as a thin plate, but the thickness of the adapter and the features of the adapter are variable to allow mating of the sensor  40  to the saddle  25 . The adapter or spacer  30  further allows for vertical positioning of the sensor to ensure the center of the sensor  48  is optimally placed concentric with the pipe  20  and the insert or sleeve  50 . A leading edge  52  of the insert sleeve is shown extending from the pipe  20 . A stop or shoulder  53  on the insert sleeve prevents the insert sleeve from pushing into the pipe  20  or into adjacent inlet pipe  101 . A cutout  55  in the insert  50  allows the insert to slide past an installed sensor without causing a significant change in the air flow pattern past the sensor. 
         [0031]      FIGS. 3 to 5  show various diameters of insert sleeve  50  where the insert sleeve in  FIG. 3  has the greatest inside diameter, the insert sleeve in  FIG. 5  has the smallest inside diameter and the insert sleeve shown in  FIG. 4  shows a diameter between the insert sleeves of  FIGS. 3 and 5 . While only three inserts with different diameters are shown in  FIGS. 3 to 5  it is contemplated that other insert sleeves with diameters larger, smaller, and between the sizes shown encompass the disclosure. The inserts are usable separately or collectively as shown in  FIG. 6 . In  FIGS. 3 to 5 , different sizes of sleeve inserts  50  of different sized reduced diameters all have the same initial inside diameter. A leading edge  52  of the insert sleeve is shown extending from the pipe. A cutout  55  in the sleeve insert  50  allows the insert to slide past an installed sensor without causing a significant change in the air flow past the sensor. A stop or shoulder  53  on the insert sleeve prevents the insert sleeve from pushing into the pipe. The taper  56  on the pipe transitions the sleeve insert from the larger initial diameter to the smaller final diameter. It should be noted here that once the flow has passed the end of the pipe the pipe widens to the initial diameter such that the reduction is only present in the area where the sensor is located. 
         [0032]      FIG. 6  shows multiple inserts inserted within a section of pipe. In practice it is unlikely that a user would install or nest multiple sleeve inserts  50 , one within the next, but because the sleeve inserts have progressively narrowing diameters it is possible as shown in this figure. A leading edge  52  of the insert sleeve is shown extending from the pipe. A cutout  55  in the sleeve insert  50  allows the insert to slide past an installed sensor without causing a significant change in the air flow past the sensor. A stop or shoulder  53  on the insert sleeve prevents the insert sleeve from pushing into the pipe  20 . The taper  56  on the pipe transitions the sleeve insert from the larger initial diameter to the smaller final diameter. This view shows the pipe  20  with the saddle  25  and the hole  22  where the sensor is inserted. In these figures the sleeve insert  50  is simply slid into the pipe  20  it is also contemplated that the insert sleeve can screw into the pipe or be engaged in a bayonet type locking configuration. It is further contemplated that the cut-out area  55  be eliminated, thus requiring the sensor be removed to install a sleeve insert with a different diameter. 
         [0033]    Thus, specific embodiments of a pipe with flow altering sleeves have been disclosed. It should be apparent, however, to those skilled in the art that many more modifications besides those described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims.