Abstract:
The invention relates to a coupling device ( 14 ) intended to connect first and second elements ( 4, 5 ) which can move relative to one another, comprising a connecting rod ( 16 ) coupled to the first and second movable elements ( 4, 5 ) at first and second ends ( 18, 19 ) respectively, at least one of the ends of the connecting rod ( 16 ) having a head ( 22 ) intended to cooperate with locking means ( 23 ) belonging to the corresponding movable element ( 5 ) so as to removably fasten the connecting rod ( 16 ) to the corresponding movable element ( 5 ), characterized in that the coupling device ( 14, 15 ) comprises at least one telescopic guide member ( 25 ) serving to support and guide the connecting rod ( 16 ) during the movement of the movable elements ( 4, 5 ), having first and second ends ( 28, 26 ) intended to be attached to first and second support elements ( 23, 16 ) respectively.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The invention relates to a coupling device intended for connecting a first and a second element which are movable in relation to one another. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    A coupling device is used, in particular, in the field of aeronautics, especially in order to equip nacelles. 
         [0003]    A nacelle is a fairing element making it possible to protect a jet engine of an aircraft. A nacelle comprises, in general, a front air inlet section, a middle section intended for surrounding a blower of the turbojet engine, and a rear section formed from at least one first and one second half-shell which are mounted movably in rotation on a mast so as each to be capable of being deployed between an operating position and a maintenance position. 
         [0004]    Locking devices are arranged in the region of junction zones between the two articulated elements, said junction zones being arranged in the lower part, that is to say at 6 o&#39;clock, and in the upper part, that is to say at 12 o&#39;clock, in order to prevent the nacelle from opening during flight. 
         [0005]    In the upper part of the nacelle, the mast is arranged between the two half-shells so that it is sometimes necessary to provide a coupling device making it possible to connect the two half-shells in spite of their spacing. In general terms, the coupling elements make it possible to transfer tensile forces from one half-shell to another, the transfer of compressive forces being ensured by means of dedicated compression rods called “bumper rods”. 
         [0006]    Thus, a conventional coupling device comprises a rod connected to the first and to the second half-shell respectively in the region of a first end and of a second end, at least one of the ends of the rod comprising a head intended for cooperating with locking means of the corresponding half-shell, so as to effect the removable fastening of the rod to the corresponding movable element. 
         [0007]    It is then possible to separate the rod from at least one of the two half-shells in order to make it possible to space these apart during maintenance operations. 
         [0008]    This type of coupling device has the disadvantages set out below. 
         [0009]    Once the rod is detached from the corresponding half-shell, the latter falls under the effect of gravity. 
         [0010]    A repositioning ramp system is generally provided, in order to allow the re-engagement of said rod with respect to the corresponding half-shell during the closing of the nacelle, so that the head of the rod cooperates with the locking means. The repositioning ramp system is installed, in particular, in the region of the jet engine. 
         [0011]    A system of this type does not make it possible to ensure the repositioning of the rod in a reliable way. Moreover, it presents problems of bulk and of interface management between the nacelle itself and the jet engine. Another disadvantage is due to the introduction of interfering forces arising from the vibration or thermal expansion attributable to the jet engine. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY 
       [0012]    The invention is aimed at overcoming all or some of these disadvantages by proposing a coupling device of small overall size, allowing a reliable re-engagement of the rod with respect to the corresponding half-shell, without contact or interference with the jet engine. 
         [0013]    To achieve this, the invention concerns a coupling device intended for connecting a first and a second element movable in relation to one another, comprising a rod connected to the first and to the second movable element respectively in the region of a first and of a second end, at least one of the ends of the rod comprising a head intended for cooperating with locking means of the corresponding movable element, so as to effect the removable fastening of the rod to the corresponding movable element, characterized in that the coupling device comprises at least one telescopic guide member serving for supporting and for guiding the rod during the displacement of the movable elements, comprising a first and a second end intended to be attached respectively to a first and a second supporting element. 
         [0014]    Thus, within the specific, but not exhaustive, scope of the use of the coupling device according to the invention for a nacelle, the coupling device makes it possible to support the rod after the disengagement of the head with respect to the locking means. 
         [0015]    In this way, even after the two movable elements are spaced apart, namely the two half-shells in the abovementioned specific case of a nacelle, the rod returns to its original position after the bringing together of the two movable elements, so that the head can once again engage into the locking means. 
         [0016]    According to a first embodiment of the invention, the telescopic guide member is displaceable between an extended position and a retracted position, the rod having a receptacle extending along its axis and making it possible to accommodate the guide member in the retracted position of the latter. 
         [0017]    This characteristic makes it possible to increase the compactness of the coupling device. Another advantage is to reduce the number and/or complexity of the re-engagement devices and therefore to make re-engagement more reliable, while at the same time reducing the mass. 
         [0018]    Advantageously, the head is arranged in the region of the second end of the rod, the second end of the telescopic guide member being intended to be attached to the second movable element, the first end of the telescopic guide member being mounted slidably on the rod. 
         [0019]    According to one characteristic of the invention, the first end of the telescopic guide member has at least one finger inserted in at least one groove or at least one oblong aperture formed in the rod. 
         [0020]    The slide of the finger within the oblong aperture allows the telescopic member to slide with respect to the rod. 
         [0021]    Preferably, the first end of the rod comprises fastening means intended for fastening the rod to the first movable element, forming elastic means during the compression of the rod or during the tension of the rod, and forming a force transfer stop during the tension of the rod or during the compression of the rod. 
         [0022]    The abovementioned fastening means make it possible to prevent the rod from being subjected to high compressive stresses, the transfer of compressive forces being ensured by the compression rods or “bumper rods”. 
         [0023]    According to a second embodiment of the invention, the first end of the telescopic guide member is intended to be attached to the first movable element, the telescopic guide member comprising an arm which, intended to be attached to a mast, is articulated on the second end of the telescopic guide member. 
         [0024]    This embodiment makes it possible, particularly with regard to a nacelle fastened to a mast, to be able to open the nacelle at a considerable angle, without being impeded by the mast. To be precise, should the coupling member be fastened to each of the two half-shells, it may be necessary to limit the opening angle so as to prevent the coupling member from coming into abutment against the mast. 
         [0025]    According to one characteristic of the invention, the telescopic guide member comprises a plurality of tubular elements sliding with respect to one another between an extended position and a retracted position of the telescopic guide member, the rod being accommodated in the tubular elements. 
         [0026]    This characteristic makes it possible to improve the compactness of the coupling device. 
         [0027]    Advantageously, the head of the rod is rounded and is intended to be engaged in the locking means. 
         [0028]    The rounded head makes it possible to compensate possible errors in the position of the head with respect to the corresponding locking means during the closing of the nacelle. The rounded head thus makes it possible to guide the relevant end of the rod during its engagement in the abovementioned locking means. 
         [0029]    The invention relates, furthermore, to a turbojet engine nacelle comprising a front air inlet section, a middle section intended for surrounding a blower of the turbojet engine, and a rear section formed from at least one first and one second half-shell which are mounted movably in rotation on a mast so as each to be capable of being deployed between an operating position, in which the half-shells are close to one another, and a maintenance position, in which the half-shells are spaced apart from one another, characterized in that the rear section is equipped with at least one coupling device according to the invention, the telescopic guide member being attached to the second half-shell in the region of its second end, the first end of the rod being attached to the first half-shell. 
         [0030]    According to an alternative embodiment, the invention also relates to a turbojet engine nacelle comprising a front air inlet section, a middle section intended for surrounding a blower of the turbojet engine, and a rear section formed from at least one first and one second half-shell which are mounted movably in terms of rotation on a mast so as each to be capable of being deployed between an operating position, in which the half-shells are close to one another, and a maintenance position, in which the half-shells are spaced apart from one another, characterized in that the rear section is equipped with at least one coupling device according to the invention, the first end of the telescopic guide member being attached to the first half-shell, the second end of the telescopic guide member being intended to be attached to the mast. 
         [0031]    According to a characteristic of the invention which relates to the abovementioned variant, the locking means equip the second half-shell and cooperate with the head of the rod in the operating position of the nacelle, the second end of the telescopic guide member being arranged opposite the locking means in the maintenance position of the nacelle. 
         [0032]    Furthermore, the invention relates to an aircraft, characterized in that it comprises at least one nacelle according to the invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
         [0033]    In any event, the invention will be understood clearly from the following description, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing which illustrates by way of example several embodiments of this coupling device and in which: 
           [0034]      FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic view of a nacelle in longitudinal section; 
           [0035]      FIG. 2  is an exploded view of the nacelle in perspective and in a front view; 
           [0036]      FIG. 3  is a view of a first embodiment of the coupling device in a closed position of the nacelle; 
           [0037]      FIG. 4  is a view, corresponding to  FIG. 3 , in the open position of the nacelle; 
           [0038]      FIG. 5  is a view in longitudinal section of a second embodiment of the coupling device in the deployed position of the first half-shell; 
           [0039]      FIG. 6  is a diagrammatic view of part of the nacelle in the closed position, the nacelle being equipped with the abovementioned coupling device; 
           [0040]      FIG. 7  is a view, corresponding to  FIG. 6 , only one first half-shell being open; 
           [0041]      FIG. 8  is a view, corresponding to  FIG. 6 , only one second half-shell being open; 
           [0042]      FIG. 9  is a view, corresponding to  FIG. 6 , the two half-shells being open. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0043]      FIGS. 1 and 2  illustrate the general structure of a turbojet engine nacelle according to the invention. The latter comprises a front air inlet section  1 , a middle section  2  intended for surrounding a blower of the turbojet engine, and a rear section  3  formed from at least one first and one second half-shell  4 ,  5  which are mounted movably in rotation on a mast  6  of an aircraft, so as each to be capable of being deployed between an operating position and a maintenance position. 
         [0044]    Each half-shell  4 ,  5  has the general form of a hollow semi-cylinder delimiting two junction zones with the half-shell facing it, namely an upper junction zone  7  and a lower junction zone  8 . 
         [0045]    The lower and upper positions are also called respectively 6 o&#39;clock and 12 o&#39;clock positions. 
         [0046]    The nacelle is equipped with a first and a second locking device  9 ,  10 . It should be noted that, for the sake of clarity, only two of these devices are illustrated. 
         [0047]    Each locking device  9 ,  10  comprises a first locking system  11  and a second locking system  12 . 
         [0048]    The first locking systems  11  are mounted on the second half-shell  5  and are capable of being locked on corresponding retaining members  13  mounted on the first half-shell  4 . 
         [0049]    The second locking systems  12  are mounted on the second half-shell  5  and cooperate respectively with a first and a second coupling device  14 ,  15  which are mounted on the first half-shell  4  in the region of the upper junction zone  7 . 
         [0050]    The coupling devices  14 ,  15  make it possible to connect the two half-shells  4 ,  5  in spite of the presence of the mast  6  between them in the region of their upper junction zone  7 , as illustrated particularly in  FIG. 6 . 
         [0051]    More particular attention will be given to the structure and functioning of the first and second coupling devices  14 ,  15 . 
         [0052]      FIGS. 3 and 4  illustrate a first embodiment of the coupling device according to the invention, corresponding to the first coupling device  14  of which the position on the nacelle is illustrated in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0053]    The first coupling device  14  comprises a rod  16  comprising a body  17  which comprises a first and a second end  18 ,  19  connected respectively to the first and to the second half-shell  4 ,  5 . 
         [0054]    The first end  18  of the body is equipped with fastening means  20  intended for fastening the rod  16  to the first movable element  4 , forming elastic means during the tension of the rod  16  and forming a stop allowing the transfer of force during the compression of the rod  16 . The fastening means  20  are themselves equipped with means  21  of articulation on the first half-shell  4 . 
         [0055]    According to another possibility of the invention, the fastening means  20  form elastic means during the compression of the rod  16  and form a stop allowing the transfer of force during the tension of the rod  16 . 
         [0056]    The second end  19  of the body  17  is equipped with a head  22  in the form of a sheet bar, intended for cooperating with locking means  23  of the second half-shell  5 . The structure of the locking means  23  is known to persons skilled in the art and will not be described in detail below. 
         [0057]    The rod  16  is thus fastened removably to the second half-shell  5  and is articulated on the first half-shell  4 . 
         [0058]    The body  17  of the rod  16  has the general form of a U, so as to delimit two flanks connected by a base, each flank being equipped with an oblong aperture  24  extending along the axis A of the body  17 . 
         [0059]    The rod  16  comprises, furthermore, a telescopic guide member  25  serving for supporting and for guiding the rod  16  during the displacement of the half-shells  4 ,  5 . 
         [0060]    The telescopic guide member  25  comprises a first, a second and a third tubular element  26 ,  27 ,  28  mounted displaceably one inside the other between a retracted position of the guide member  25 , illustrated in  FIG. 3 , and an extended position of the latter, illustrated in  FIG. 4 . 
         [0061]    The telescopic guide member  25  permanently connects the rod  16  to the second half-shell  5 . More specifically, the first tubular element  26  is mounted in an articulated manner on the second half-shell  5  in the region of one end of the latter. Furthermore, the third tubular element  28  is accommodated, at least partially, in a receptacle of the rod  16 , which receptacle is delimited by the interior of the U, and comprises two fingers  29  respectively in each of the engaged oblong apertures  24  of the body  17  of the rod  16 . The third tubular element  28  is thus mounted slidably on the rod  16 . 
         [0062]    In the closed position of the nacelle, that is to say in the position where the half-shells  4 ,  5  are close together, the head  22  of the rod  16  is engaged in the locking means  23 , the rod  16  then ensuring the transfer of tensile forces from one half-shell to another. 
         [0063]    During the opening of the nacelle, particularly during maintenance operations, the locking means  23  are unlocked, and the two half-shells  4 ,  5  are spaced apart with respect to one another. 
         [0064]    In this case, the telescopic guide member  25  is extended, and the third element  28  of the latter slides with respect to the rod  16  by means of the fingers  29 . 
         [0065]    During the reclosing of the nacelle, the two half-shells  4 ,  5  are once again brought together and the telescopic guide member  25  is retracted, so that the head  22  is progressively returned opposite the locking means  23  so as to ensure a good engagement of the head  22  with respect to these. 
         [0066]    Conventionally, the locking means  23  comprise a bolt, not illustrated in the drawing, which is displaceable in translational motion, the telescopic guide member  25  being attached to the locking means  23  in line with the bolt, thus making it possible to ensure the proper re-engagement of the locking finger  22  in the locking means. 
         [0067]    Simultaneously, the third tubular element  28  of the guide member  25  is inserted progressively into the rod  16 . Likewise, the second and first tubular elements  26 ,  27  are inserted respectively into the third and into the second tubular element  27 ,  28 , so that the coupling device  14  resumes its original position illustrated in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0068]      FIGS. 5 to 9  illustrate a second embodiment of the coupling device according to the invention, corresponding to the second coupling device  15 , of which the position on the nacelle is illustrated in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0069]    To make understanding easier, some of the elements described above with reference to the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals. 
         [0070]    The structure of the coupling device  15  according to this second embodiment is illustrated more particularly in  FIG. 5 . 
         [0071]    The rod  16  is mounted in an articulated manner on the first half-shell  4  by means of a pivot pin  30  and an articulated yoke  31 . The articulation of the rod  16  thus obtained allows rotations according to two perpendicular pivot axes. The head  22  of the rod  16 , said head being arranged in the region of its second end  19 , has a rounded form and comprises a hole intended for cooperating with a bolt  32  of the locking means  23  equipping the second half-shell  5 . 
         [0072]    The telescopic guide member  25  is formed by the sequence of five tubular elements  33  mounted slidably one in the other, the rod  16  being accommodated in the guide member  25 . The latter is mounted slidably on the rod  16  in the region of a first end and is equipped with a holding arm  34  in the region of a second end. 
         [0073]    According to another embodiment, not illustrated, the guide member  25  is mounted in an articulated manner on the pivot pin  30  in the region of a first end and is equipped with a holding arm  34  in the region of a second end. 
         [0074]    The holding arm  34  comprises a fork mounted pivotably in the region of its free ends on the telescopic guide member  25  about a pivot axis  35 . The base of the fork is fastened to the mast  6  by means of an axis of articulation  36  perpendicular to the pivot axis  35  of the fork. The fork comprises two parts movable in translational movement with respect to one another, so as to allow a vertical displacement of the corresponding end of the telescopic guide member  25 . 
         [0075]    The articulation of the arm  34  makes it possible to facilitate the re-engagement of the head  22  of the rod  16  in the locking means  23 , to dispense with positioning deviations between the two half-shells  4  and  5  and to permit relative displacement between the two half-shells  4  and  5  during flight. 
         [0076]      FIG. 6  illustrates diagrammatically the nacelle in a closed position and equipped with the abovementioned coupling device. 
         [0077]    In the closed position of the nacelle, the head  22  of the rod  16  is inserted in the locking means  23  so that the bolt  32  can be introduced into the hole of the head  22  so as to effect the locking of the nacelle. 
         [0078]    During the opening of the nacelle, the bolt  32  is disengaged from the head  22  and the first half-shell  4  is spaced apart from the second  5 . The telescopic guide member  25  is then extended and the head  22  is accommodated completely in the latter. During the extension of the telescopic guide member  25 , the latter pivots about the axis  35  and slides along the rod  16 , itself articulated about the axis  30 . 
         [0079]    During the reclosing of the nacelle, the first half-shell  4  is once again brought together with the second  5 , so that the head  22  of the rod  16  is brought progressively opposite the locking means  23 . 
         [0080]    The engagement of the head  22  in the locking means  23  is thus ensured reliably. Furthermore, the rounded form of the head  22  contributes to the reliability of this introduction with the aid of engagement means equipping the locking means  23 . 
         [0081]      FIG. 7  illustrates the opening of the nacelle as a result of the opening of the first half-shell  4  only. It is likewise possible to open the nacelle by means of the opening of the second half-shell  5  only or by means of the opening of the two half-shells  4 ,  5  as illustrated respectively in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . 
         [0082]    It will be appreciated that the invention is not limited only to the embodiments of this coupling device which are described above by way of example, but on the contrary, embraces all the variants.