Abstract:
A test terminal negation circuit comprises a switch circuit which receives a test signal from a test terminal and outputs it in an asserted state as it is or in a predetermined negated state to a test object circuit, a test signal control circuit which controls an output signal of the switch circuit to be asserted or negated, a test mode signal generation circuit which generates a test mode signal which asserts the output signal of the switch circuit, and a negating signal generation circuit which can output a negating signal for forcing the output signal of the switch circuit into negated state and comprises an electrically rewritable nonvolatile memory element. When the test signal control circuit receives the negating signal, it does not assert the output signal of the switch circuit even it receives the test mode signal.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATTION  
       [0001]     This Nonprovisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(a) on Patent Application No. 2004-094572 filed in Japan on Mar. 29, 2004, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The present invention relates to a test terminal negation circuit in which a test signal from a test terminal is not received using a nonvolatile memory after a test is completed.  
         [0004]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0005]     Recently, an IC card on which a nonvolatile memory is mounted has been a focus of attention. Although a terminal of the IC card is standardized in ISO7816, there are various kinds of test terminals to facilitate a test. In a normal operation, since data is exchanged by authenticating the reader/writer and the like and encrypting the data, secret data is not leaked.  
         [0006]     As a conventional technique, there is a method of outputting a test signal from a test terminal to a test object circuit by activating an output of a test mode signal generation circuit to turn on a switch circuit when the test terminal is used, and a circuit constitution in the method is shown in  FIG. 3  (refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-269523, for example). Referring to  FIG. 3 , each circuit comprises a test terminal  301 , a switch circuit  302 , a nonvolatile memory circuit  303  to be tested, and a test mode signal generation circuit  304 . The switch circuit  302  is turned on when an output N 3  of the test mode signal generation circuit  304  is activated, and then an output N 1  of the test terminal  301  is transmitted to an output N 2  of the switch circuit  302  to control the nonvolatile memory circuit  303 . In addition, the switch circuit  302  is turned off when the output N 3  of the test mode signal generation circuit  304  is inactivated, so that the output N 1  of the test terminal  301  is not transmitted to the output N 2  of the switch circuit  302 . As a result, the nonvolatile memory circuit  303  cannot be controlled from the test terminal  301 .  
         [0007]     However, when a test mode is activated falsely by operating the test mode signal generation circuit for use other than the test, information in an IC card could be easily read out using the test terminal.  
         [0008]     In addition, although Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-269523 discloses a method of erasing information stored in a nonvolatile memory in an IC card when it is detected that a test mode is activated falsely, it is necessary to provide an additional circuit to detect the false activation of the test mode in this method.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0009]     The present invention has been made in view of the above problems and it is an object of the present invention to prevent a test mode from being falsely activated from a test terminal by negating the test terminal in a simple circuit constitution.  
         [0010]     A test terminal negation circuit according to the present invention to attain the object comprises a switch circuit which receives a test signal from one or more test terminals and outputs it in an asserted state as it is or in a predetermined negated state to a test object circuit, a test signal control circuit which controls an output signal in the asserted state or the negated state of the switch circuit, a test mode signal generation circuit which generates a test mode signal which asserts the output signal of the switch circuit and outputs it to the test signal control circuit at the time of a test mode, and a negating signal generation circuit which can output a negating signal to negate the output signal of the switch circuit by force, to the test signal control circuit and comprises an electrically rewritable nonvolatile memory element, in which when the negating signal is outputted from the negating signal generation circuit, the test signal control circuit negates the output signal of the switch circuit even when the test mode signal is outputted from the test mode signal generation circuit.  
         [0011]     In addition, the test terminal negation circuit according to the present invention is characterized in that the negating signal generation circuit comprises a first nonvolatile memory element and a second nonvolatile memory element which have a MOSFET structure, a first inverter circuit and a second inverter circuit, in which sources of the first nonvolatile memory element and the second nonvolatile memory element are connected to the ground voltage, gates of the first nonvolatile memory element and the second nonvolatile memory element are connected to a power supply voltage, a drain of the first nonvolatile memory element is connected to an input of the first inverter circuit and an output of the second inverter circuit, and a drain of the second nonvolatile memory element is connected to an output of the first inverter circuit and an input of the second inverter circuit, and the output of the second inverter circuit is an output of the negating signal generation circuit.  
         [0012]     Furthermore, the test terminal negation circuit according to the present invention is characterized in that an output level of the negating signal generation circuit is varied by a threshold voltage difference between the first nonvolatile memory element and the second nonvolatile memory element.  
         [0013]     According to the test terminal negation circuit of the present invention, once the negating signal generation circuit outputs the negating signal, since the test signal for activating the test mode is outputted in a negated state from the switch circuit, the test mode is prevented from being falsely activated from the test terminal without detecting false activation.  
         [0014]     A method of negating a test terminal according to the present invention to attain the object is characterized in that the negating signal is outputted by performing electrical rewriting in the nonvolatile memory element in the negating signal generation circuit in the test terminal negation circuit according to the present invention after a test is completed. Especially, when the negating signal generation circuit comprises the first nonvolatile memory element and the second nonvolatile memory element having the MOSFET structure, the first inverter circuit and the second inverter circuit as described above, it is preferable that the negating signal is outputted by performing electrical rewriting in either one of the first nonvolatile memory element or the second nonvolatile memory element in the negating signal generation circuit after a test is completed.  
         [0015]     According to the test terminal negating method of the present invention, since the negating signal generation circuit outputs the negating signal using the test terminal negation circuit according to the present invention after the test is completed, the test mode is prevented from being activated falsely from the test terminal, so that data in the test object circuit is prevented from being operated by the test terminal.  
         [0016]     A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device according to the present invention is characterized by comprising the test terminal negation circuit having the above characteristics. In addition, an IC card of the present invention is characterized by comprising the nonvolatile semiconductor memory device having the above characteristics. Thus, information in the nonvolatile semiconductor memory device or the IC card is prevented from being read illegally. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0017]      FIG. 1  is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of a test terminal negation circuit according to the present invention;  
         [0018]      FIG. 2  is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of a negating signal generation circuit of the test terminal negation circuit according to the present invention;  
         [0019]      FIG. 3  is a diagram showing a conventional circuit constitution example to transmit a test signal from a test terminal to a test object circuit effectively at the time of a test mode;  
         [0020]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device according to the present invention; and  
         [0021]      FIG. 5  is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an IC card according to the present invention. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0022]     An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.  FIG. 1  is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of a test terminal negation circuit according to the present invention (referred to as “the circuit of the present invention” occasionally hereinafter). As shown in  FIG. 1 , a circuit  100  of the present invention comprises a switch circuit  102 , a test mode signal generation circuit  103 , a negating signal generation circuit  104 , and a test signal control circuit  105 .  
         [0023]     The switch circuit  102  receives a test signal from a test terminal  101  and outputs it in an asserted state as it is or in a predetermined negated state, to a nonvolatile memory circuit  106  which is an object circuit to be tested, depending on a level of an output node N 1  of a test signal control circuit  105 . The switch circuit  102  comprises, for example, a CMOS transfer gate and the like.  
         [0024]     The test mode signal generation circuit  103  outputs a test mode signal which asserts a signal outputted from an output node N 5  of the switch circuit  102 , from an output node N 3  to the test signal control circuit  105  at the time of a test mode, so that the test signal from the test terminal  101  is outputted to the nonvolatile memory circuit  106  as it is in the asserted state.  
         [0025]     The negating signal generation circuit  104  is so constituted that it can output a negating signal which negates the signal outputted from the output node N 5  of the switch circuit  102  by force, from an output node N 2  to the test signal control circuit  105 . More specifically, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the negating signal generation circuit  104  comprises a first nonvolatile memory element  201  and a second nonvolatile memory element  202  which have an MOSFET structure, a first inverter circuit  203  and a second inverter circuit  204 . Here, an output node of the first inverter circuit  203  is the output node N 2  of the negating signal generation circuit  104 . The first and second nonvolatile memory elements  201  and  202  may have the same structure as that of a nonvolatile memory element used in the nonvolatile memory circuit  106 . According to an example shown in  FIG. 2 , a flash memory element having a stack type of floating gate structure is assumed as each of the nonvolatile memory elements  201  and  202 .  
         [0026]     According to the negating signal generation circuit  104  shown in  FIG. 2 , threshold voltages of the first and second nonvolatile memory elements  201  and  202  are lower than a power supply voltage and a voltage difference between the threshold voltages is small in an initial state when the test is started. For example, when the first and second inverter circuits  203  and  204  are CMOS inverters, in a case where W/L (gate width/gate length) of a P-type MOSFET is 1.0/9.8 (μm), and W/L of an N-type MOSFET is 1.8/0.8 (μm), since the gate length of the P-type MOSFET of each of the inverter circuits  203  and  204  is long and a current driving ability is low in a state where the first and second nonvolatile memory elements  201  and  202  are both ON, outputs of the inverter circuits  203  and  204  become the ground voltage or close to it.  
         [0027]     When the test is completed, a writing operation is performed in the second nonvolatile memory element  202  to increase its threshold voltage to become a power supply voltage level or more, for example. As a result, a difference is generated in drain currents flowing in the first nonvolatile memory element  201  and the second nonvolatile memory element  202 , so that an output of the first inerter circuit  203  becomes a high level (for example, the power supply voltage level) and an output of the second inverter circuit  204  becomes a low level (for example, the ground voltage level). Thus, the voltage levels are maintained by the two inverter circuits  203  and  204 . Therefore, an output level of the negating signal generation circuit  104  is transited from the low level to the high level by performing the writing operation in the second nonvolatile memory element  202  when the test is completed, to generate a threshold voltage difference between the first nonvolatile memory element  201  and the second nonvolatile memory element  202 , and then a negating signal is outputted.  
         [0028]     When the test is started, the voltage level of the output node N 2  of the negating signal generation circuit  104  is at the low level and when the test mode signal generation circuit  103  is activated and the test mode signal is output from the output node N 3 , the test signal control circuit  105  is activated and an activated signal is outputted from the output node N 1  to the switch circuit  102 . Then, the switch circuit  102  is turned on and transmits the test signal outputted from the output node N 4  of the test terminal  101 , to the output node N 5  as it is in the asserted state, to control the nonvolatile memory circuit  106 .  
         [0029]     When the test is completed, as described above, by transiting the level of the output node N 2  of the negating signal generation circuit  104  to the high level, the output signal from the output node N 1  of the test signal control circuit  105  is inactivated to turn off the switch circuit  102  regardless of the output state of the test mode signal from the output node N 3  of the test mode signal generation circuit  103 . As a result, the test signal outputted from the output node N 4  of the test terminal  101  is negated to be in a predetermined state and it is not transmitted to the output node N 5 , so that the nonvolatile memory circuit  106  cannot be controlled from the test terminal  101 .  
         [0030]     Therefore, although the nonvolatile memory circuit  106  can be controlled by the test signal outputted from the test terminal  101  at the time of the test, the nonvolatile memory circuit  106  cannot be controlled from the test terminal  101  after the test is completed.  
         [0031]     The circuit constitution of the negating signal generation circuit  104  is not limited to that shown in  FIG. 2  in this embodiment. In addition, although one test terminal  101  is illustrated in  FIG. 1 , a plurality of test terminals  101  may be provided.  
         [0032]      FIG. 4  shows an embodiment of a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device according to the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 4 , a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device  400  according to the present invention comprises a test terminal  401 , a test terminal negation circuit  402  according to the present invention, a control circuit  403 , and a nonvolatile memory  404 . The control circuit  403  receives a test signal from the test terminal  401  and carries out a predetermined test mode process to the nonvolatile memory  404 . Since the test terminal negation circuit  402  according to the present invention is provided, the test signal from the test terminal  401  can be negated after a test, so that a test mode is prevented from being activated falsely and the nonvolatile memory  404  is prevented from being controlled from the test terminal  401 .  
         [0033]      FIG. 5  shows an embodiment of an IC card according to the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 5 , an IC card  500  according to the present invention comprises a test terminal  510 , a microcomputer  509 , a non-contact interface circuit  507 , and a contact interface circuit  508 . The microcomputer  509  comprises a test terminal  501 , a test terminal negation circuit  502  according to the present invention, a CPU  503 , a nonvolatile memory  504 , a ROM  505  and a RAM  506 , so that the test terminal negation circuit  502  according to the present invention is provided similar to the nonvolatile semiconductor memory device  400  shown in  FIG. 4 . A test signal inputted to the test terminal  510  of the IC card  500  is outputted to the test terminal negation circuit  502  through the test terminal  501  in the microcomputer  509 , and the test signal is outputted to the nonvolatile memory  504  in an asserted state or a negated state depending on an internal state of the test terminal negation circuit  502 . Since the test terminal negation circuit  502  according to the present invention is provided, the test signal from the test terminal  510  is negated after the test, so that the test mode is prevented from being activated falsely and the nonvolatile memory  504  in the IC card is prevented from being controlled from the test terminal  510 .  
         [0034]     According to the present invention, as described above, since the signal from the test terminal is negated after the test, there can be provided a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device which will not leak inside information. Furthermore, an IC card provided with the above nonvolatile semiconductor memory device can be an IC card with a high-security level.  
         [0035]     Although the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that various modifications and alterations might be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The invention should therefore be measured in terms of the claims which follow.