Abstract:
An optical apparatus may include spectroscope means for splitting light irradiated from a light source into multiple color rays, polarizer means for polarizing the multiple color rays split by the spectroscope means, and trimming filters each trimming a wavelength component of at least one of the multiple color rays polarized through the polarizer means and guiding the resulting ray to an optical modulator, wherein at least one of the trimming filters is sloped about an optical axis.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application Nos. JP 2007-020612 and JP 2007-138021 filed in the Japanese Patent Office on Jan. 31, 2007 and May 24, 2007, respectively, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to an optical apparatus that splits light irradiated from a light source into multiple color (such as R (red), G (green) and B (blue)) rays and guides them to optical modulators respectively corresponding to the color rays and a projection display system including the optical apparatus. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     A projection display system such as a liquid crystal projector splits light output from a light source into three primary color rays of R (red), G (green) and B (blue), guides them to corresponding optical modulators (such as liquid crystal panels) and modulates and synthesizes them by a cross prism through predetermined paths for the colors and then enlarges and projects the synthesis result on a screen through a projection optical system (refer to JP-A-10-133303 (Patent Document 1), for example). 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     However, in the projection display system, the in-panel color uniformity of projected pictures may decrease, which may differentiate the shades among places without the uniformity of the balance of quantity of light of the colors in modulating and synthesizing the light rays corresponding to the three primary colors of R, G and B by an optical modulator. 
     The decrease in in-panel color uniformity may be caused by the angle dependency of wavelengths on a lens or a mirror, for example. Accordingly, the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1 inserts a color purity correction filter at a predetermined angle on an optical path to perform color purity correction by using the angle dependency of the color purity correction filter. However, an enough space may be required for the insertion of a color purity correction filter on an optical path, which may be disadvantageous in that it may not contribute to the decrease in size of the optical unit. Alternatively, the angle dependency may be suppressed by a sloping film on a dichroic mirror, but forming the sloping film is difficult. 
     According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an optical apparatus which may include spectroscope means for splitting light irradiated from a light source into multiple color rays, polarizer means for polarizing the multiple color rays split by the spectroscope means, and trimming filters each trimming a wavelength component of at least one of the multiple color rays polarized through the polarizer means and guiding the resulting ray to an optical modulator, wherein at least one of the trimming filters may be sloped about an optical axis. 
     More specifically, the light irradiated from a light source may be split into R (red), G (green) and B (blue) rays by the spectroscope means, and a trimming filter may be provided corresponding for at least one of the RGB rays. Then, at least one of the trimming filters may be sloped about an optical axis. 
     In particular, the direction and angle of the slope of the trimming filter about the optical axis may be defined at the direction and angle that produce a more even in-plane wavelength distribution of the light after the modulation by the optical modulator. 
     According to this embodiment of the invention, the incident angle dependency on the front lens and/or mirror may be inversely corrected by using the incident angle dependency of the trimming filter that guides polarized light from the polarizer means to the optical modulator. 
     Furthermore, defining the G (green) ray of the R, G and B color rays for a relay lens system may increase the optical path length of the G-ray with a higher angle dependency of the color difference. Therefore, a higher inverse correction effect may be obtained by increasing the angle of the trimming filter corresponding to the G-ray. 
     The term “relay lens system” here may refer to an optical system having the longest optical path among optical paths from the starting point of the split of light input from a light source to an optical modulator corresponding to each color in the spectroscope means. 
     According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a projection display system which may include a light source, an optical apparatus that splits light irradiated from the light source into multiple color rays and guides them to optical modulators corresponding to the multiple color rays, synthesizing means for synthesizing the rays guided from the optical apparatus to the optical modulators corresponding to the color rays and modulated by the optical modulators, and a projection optical system that projects the light synthesized by the synthesizing means, wherein the optical apparatus has spectroscope means for splitting light irradiated from the light source into multiple color rays, polarizer means for polarizing the multiple color rays split by the spectroscope means, and trimming filters each trimming a wavelength component of at least one of the multiple color rays polarized through the polarizer means and guiding the resulting ray to an optical modulator, in which at least one of the trimming filters is sloped about an optical axis. 
     According to this embodiment of the invention, the incident angle dependency on the front lens and/or mirror may be inversely corrected by using the incident angle dependency of the trimming filter that guides polarized light from the polarizer means to the optical modulator. 
     According to this embodiment of the invention, the trimming filter may be held such that multiple angles of the slope can be defined about an optical axis. For example, the trimming filter may be held by a sheet metal or a spring such that the angles such as 0° and 10° or 0° and 14° can be switched and defined. Thus, the angle can be defined and fixed accurately and easily with a click feeling at each of the angles. 
     Therefore, the in-panel color uniformity of pictures may be improved without the necessity for a sloped film in a dichroic mirror and without the necessity for an additional color purity correction filter within an optical path. As a result, the optical apparatus and the projection display system including it can be decreased in size and increased in image quality. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram showing an example of the optical configuration of a projection display system (three-chip liquid crystal projector) to which an optical apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention is applied; 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram showing a configuration of the optical apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIGS. 3A and 3B  are diagrams showing half-value wavelength travels ΔHW against the incident angles γ of light onto trimming filters; 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  are diagrams showing the quantity of light against the wavelength with the slope about the optical axis of a trimming filter as a parameter; 
         FIGS. 5A and 5B  are schematic diagrams illustrating an example (#1) of the sloping mechanism of a transistor; 
         FIGS. 6A and 6B  are schematic diagrams illustrating an example (#2) of the sloping mechanism of a transistor; and 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic diagram showing an example of the unit configuration of a three-chip liquid crystal projector including an optical apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     An embodiment of the invention will be described below in detail with reference to drawings. 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram showing an example of the optical configuration of a projection display system (three-chip liquid crystal projector) to which an optical apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention is applied.  FIG. 2  is a diagram showing a configuration of the optical apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention. That is, an optical apparatus according to an embodiment is applied to a three-chip liquid crystal projector as shown in  FIG. 1 , and the configuration shown in  FIG. 2  constitutes the principal part. 
     In  FIG. 1 , a three-chip liquid crystal projector includes a light source  1 , an optical integrator  2 , a PS converter  3 , LCDs  9  to  11 , a cross prism  12  and a projection lens  13 , in addition to the optical apparatus according to an embodiment shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     In the three-chip liquid crystal projector, the pencils of light emitted from the light source  1  are collimated by a lens system, not shown. The pencils of light in the area excluding the visible light region are blocked by a UV-IR cut filter and enter the optical integrator  2 . The optical integrator  2  forms a multi-light source having multiple light source images based on the pencils of light from the light source  1 . 
     The direction of polarization of the pencils of light from the multi-light source formed by the optical integrator  2  is defined by the PS converter  3 , and the pencils of light enter the optical apparatus according to the embodiment of the invention through a condenser lens L 11 . 
     The optical apparatus splits the light irradiated from a light source into three primary color rays of RGB and guides the color rays to three optical modulators (such as liquid crystal display elements (LCDs)  9  to  11 ) corresponding to the colors. In particular, according to this embodiment, at least one of trimming filters F 1  to F 3  trimming the wavelength components of RGB rays of the light irradiated from the light source  1  in a predetermined range and guiding the rays to the LCDs  9  to  11  respectively is placed in a sloped manner about the optical axis. 
     The optical apparatus includes a dichroic mirror  4 , a dichroic mirror  5 , a mirror  6 , mirrors  7  and  8 , condenser lenses L 12 , L 14  and L 16 , relay lenses L 13  and L 15 , a trimming filter F 1 , a trimming filter F 2 , a trimming filter F 3 , an output side polarizer F′ 1 , an output side polarizer F′ 2 , and an output side polarizer F′ 3 . The dichroic mirror  4  reflects the pencils of light in the wavelength range of B (blue). The dichroic mirror  5  reflects the pencils of light in the wavelength range of R (red). The mirror  6  reflects the pencils of light in the wavelength range of B (blue). The mirrors  7  and  8  reflect the pencils of light in the wavelength range of G (green). The condenser lenses L 12 , L 14  and L 16  and relay lenses L 13  and L 15  collect the pencils of light of the color rays to corresponding LCDs  9  to  11 . The trimming filter F 1  trims the B (blue) ray to be guided from the condenser lens L 14  to the LCD  9 . The trimming filter F 2  trims the R (red) ray to be guided from the condenser lens L 12  to the LCD  10 . The trimming filter F 3  trims the G (green) ray to be guided from the condenser lens L 16  to the LCD  11 . The output side polarizer F′ 1  is placed between the LCD  9  and the cross prism  12 . The output side polarizer F′ 2  is placed between the LCD  10  and the cross prism  12 . The output side polarizer F′ 3  is placed between the LCD  11  and the cross prism  12 . 
     The trimming filters F 1  to F 3  are provided on one side (condenser lens side) of a glass plate, not shown in  FIG. 2 . An input side polarizer is provided on the other side (LCD side) of the glass plate. Thus, the trimming filter and the input side polarizer are provided as one part. 
     In this optical apparatus, the light through the condenser lens L 11  first enters the dichroic mirror  4 . The dichroic mirror  4  reflects the pencils of light in the wavelength range of B (blue) and allows the pencils of light in other wavelength ranges to pass through. The pencils of light in the wavelength range of B (blue), which have been reflected by the dichroic mirror  4 , go to the reflection mirror  6  and illuminate in an overlapped manner the LCD  9  placed on the irradiated plane through the condenser lens L 14 . 
     The pencils of light having passed through the dichroic mirror  4  enter the dichroic mirror  5 . The dichroic mirror  5  reflects the pencils of light in the wavelength range of R (red) and allows the pencils of light in other wavelength ranges to pass through. The pencils of light in the wavelength range of R (red), which have been reflected by the dichroic mirror  5 , illuminate in an overlapped manner the LCD  10  placed on the irradiated plane through the condenser lens L 12 . 
     The pencils of light in the wavelength range of G (green), which have passed through the dichroic mirror  5 , pass through the relay lens L 13 , go to the reflection mirror  7 , relay lens L 15 , and reflection mirror  8  and illuminate in an overlapped manner the LCD  11  placed on the irradiated plane through the condenser lens L 16 . The condenser optical system that illuminates the LCDs  9  to  11  has an entrance pupil plane in a conjugate relationship with the entrance pupil plane of the projection lens  13 . 
     The LCD  9 , LCD  10  and LCD  11  modulate the pencils of light in the wavelength ranges of B (blue), R (red) and G (green) according to the video signals of the respective colors. The pencils of light in the wavelength ranges of B (blue), R (red) and G (green) modulated by the LCDs  9  to  11  are superimposed again by the cross prism  12  functioning as synthesizing means, then enter the projection lens  13  and are enlarged and projected onto a screen S. 
     In this configuration, the dichroic mirror  4  reflects the pencils of light in the wavelength range of B (blue), and the dichroic mirror  5  reflects the pencils of light in the wavelength range of R (red). Conversely, the dichroic mirror  4  may reflect the pencils of light in the wavelength range of R (red), and the dichroic mirror  5  may reflect the pencils of light in the wavelength range of B (blue). Having described that the G (green) ray is defined to the relay lens system (which is the optical system having the longest optical path among the optical paths from the starting point of the light split by the dichroic mirror  4  functioning as spectroscope means to the LCDs  9  to  11  corresponding to the colors), the rays other than the G (green) ray may be defined to the relay lens system. 
     In the configuration of this optical apparatus, this embodiment has a feature that at least one of the trimming filters F 1  to F 3  corresponding to the R, G and B rays is sloped about an optical axis, which can increase the in-panel color uniformity of projected pictures. 
     In the example shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2  the trimming filters F 2  and F 3  corresponding to the G and R rays slope about the optical axis, however, the trimming filter F 1  corresponding to the B-ray may be sloped or any one or two of the trimming filters corresponding to the RGB rays may be sloped, as necessary. 
     Providing the trimming filter or filters with an angle about an optical axis is for inversely correcting the incident angle dependency of the front lens or mirror by using the incident angle dependency of the wavelength characteristics of the trimming filters. Thus, the necessity for a sloping film on the dichroic mirrors or for an additional color purity correction filter within an optical path can be eliminated, and the in-panel color uniformity of projected pictures can be increased. 
     A space for ventilation for preventing the heat generation by the LCDs  9  to  11  and the trimming filters F 1  to F 3  is provided around the trimming filters F 1  to F 3 , for example, between the trimming filters F 1  to F 3  and the condenser lenses L 12 , L 14  and L 16  or LCDs  9  to  11 . Therefore, the space can be used as the space for sloping the trimming filters F 1  to F 3 . 
     Next, the incident angle dependency of the wavelength characteristics of the trimming filters will be described.  FIGS. 3A and 3B  are diagrams showing half-value wavelength travels ΔHW against the incident angles γ of light on trimming filters and show R (red) and G (green) rays having higher angle dependencies. Here, the incident angle γ of the light to a trimming filter is the sum of a light beam incident angle α on an optical axis in a case where the trimming filter is sloped about the optical axis and the slope β of the trimming filter about the optical axis, as shown in  FIG. 3B . 
     While  FIG. 3B  highlights the incident angle of the light beam and the slope of the trimming filter, the incident angle increases as the distance from the optical axis increases generally in the pencils of light transmitted from an optical system to the trimming filter through the last condenser lens. Then, as shown in  FIG. 3A , the difference in wavelength (half-value wavelength) increases as the incident angle γ of the light beam onto the trimming filter increases. 
       FIGS. 4A and 4B  are diagrams showing the quantity of light against the wavelength with the slope about the optical axis of a trimming filter as a parameter.  FIG. 4A  shows an example of the trimming filter corresponding to the R (red) ray, and  FIG. 4B  shows an example of the trimming filter corresponding to the G (green) ray. In both examples, when the slope of the trimming filter increase, the filter characteristics shift to the short wavelength side. 
     Here, in a case where the trimming filters are placed without any sloping about the optical axis, the incident angle of a light beam changes depending on the position in the plane of the trimming filter due to the characteristic of the optical system as described above. This significantly occurs particularly in a case of a longer optical path length such as that of a relay lens system. 
     In particular, in a case where the G (green) ray with a higher incident angle dependency of light beam on the trimming filter is defined to the relay lens system, the optical path length is longer than those for the lens system for other colors. Therefore, the change in incident angle in the plane of the trimming filter becomes highly significant. The change in incident angle causes the variation in wavelength characteristic in the plane of the trimming filter, which then causes the in-plane variation in shades of projected pictures due to the adverse effect such as the white balance. 
     Accordingly, in this embodiment, the trimming filter is sloped to suppress the variation in image quality due to the wavelength shift caused by the in-plane angle change of incident light due to the characteristic of the optical system by using the shift of the wavelength depending on the slope about the optical axis of the trimming filter (refer to  FIGS. 4A and 4B ). 
     In other words, sloping the trimming filter or filters about the optical axis changes the distribution of the incident angle in the plane of incident light though the difference in in-plane incident angle of incident light still exists. Thus, in relation with the synthesis balance with other colors, the in-panel color uniformity of projected pictures can be improved. 
     The direction and angle of the slope of the trimming filter or filters about the optical axis are defined according to the optical set since the direction and angle of the slope depend on the light source  1  or optical systems. Therefore, in some cases, the trimming filter or filters may be sloped in one of the x and y directions, which are orthogonal to the optical axis, z direction, or may be sloped in both directions. 
       FIGS. 5A to 6B  are schematic section diagrams illustrating sloping mechanisms of a trimming filter. Showing the trimming filter F 2  corresponding to the R (red) ray, for example, in  FIGS. 5A to 6B , the sloping mechanism is also applicable to trimming filters corresponding to other colors. 
     The sloping mechanism shown in  FIGS. 5A and 5B  fixes one end of the trimming filter F 2  with a clip C 1  of a sheet metal, and the movement of the clip C 1  slopes the trimming filter F 2  by using the other end as the axis of the slope. The example shown in  FIG. 5A  is a case where the slope of the trimming filter F 2  is 0° (orthogonal to the optical axis). The leading end of the clip C 1  has a convex, and a holder h has multiple concaves corresponding to the convex. The clip C 1  has a spring property, which brings the convex of the clip C 1  into engagement with one of the concaves of the holder h, and fixes the position of the clip C 1 . The angle of the trimming filter F 2  is defined based on the position of the clip C 1 . 
     The example shown in  FIG. 5B  is a case where the slope of the trimming filter F 2  is about 10°. Sloping the trimming filter F 2  from the state shown in  FIG. 5A  by using the lower end in the figure as the axis moves the clip C 1  holding the trimming filter F 2  in the horizontal direction in the figure. Thus, the convex of the clip C 1  fits into another concave of the holder h. When the convex of the clip C 1  fits into the adjacent concave from one concave of the holder h, the trimming filter F 2  is fixed at the position with clicking feeling. Thus, the fixation defines the angle of the trimming filter F 2 . Therefore, providing the holder h with multiple concaves allows the adjustment of the angle of the trimming filter F 2  corresponding to the positions of the concaves. 
     The sloping mechanism shown in  FIGS. 6A and 6B  fixes one end of the trimming filter F 2  with a clip C 2  of a resin, and the movement of the clip C 2  slopes the trimming filter F 2  by using the other end as the axis of the slope. The example shown in  FIG. 6A  is a case where the slope of the trimming filter F 2  is 0° (orthogonal to the optical axis). One side of the clip C 2  has multiple convexes and concaves, and a holder h has projections to be brought into contact with the concaves and convexes. One concave of the convexes and concaves of the clip C 2  fits into the projection of the holder h so that the position of the clip C 2  can be fixed. Thus, the angle of the trimming filter F 2  can be defined. 
     The example shown in  FIG. 6B  is a case where the slope of the trimming filter F 2  is about 14°. Sloping the trimming filter F 2  from the state shown in  FIG. 6A  by using the lower end in the figure as the axis moves the clip C 2  holding the trimming filter F 2  in the horizontal direction in the figure. Thus, a projection of the holder h fits into the concave on the side of the clip C 2 . When the clip C 2  moves and the projection of the holder h enters from one concave into the adjacent concave of the holder h, the trimming filter F 2  is fixed at the position with clicking feeling. Thus, the fixation defines the angle of the trimming filter F 2 . Therefore, multiple convexes and concaves of the clip C 2  allow the adjustment of the angle of the trimming filter F 2  corresponding to the positions of the concaves. 
     In both cases, the angle of the trimming filter F 2  can be adjusted by the simple operation, and the angle can be securely fixed with clicking feeling. The definition of the angle of the trimming filter F 2  can improve the in-panel color uniformity of projected pictures as described above. The function allowing the adjustment of multiple angles can alleviate the half-value specifications of the usable trimming filter F 2 , which may increase the number of usable filters. Therefore, the yield of the filters can be improved, and the costs of the products can be decreased. 
       FIG. 7  is a schematic diagram showing an example of the unit configuration of a three-chip liquid crystal projector including an optical apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention. The unit configuration includes as a unit (which is one united member) the optical parts after the light source  1  and before the projection lens  13  of the three-chip liquid crystal projector as described above. 
     That is, the unit includes, in one package, the optical integrator  2 , the PS converter  3 , the optical apparatus (including the dichroic mirrors  4  and  5 , the mirrors  6 ,  7  and  8 , the condenser lenses L 12 , L 14  and L 16 , the relay lenses L 13  and L 15 , and the trimming filters F 1  to F 3 ) according to the embodiment of the invention, the LCDs  9  to  11  and the cross prism  12 , in which the positioning of the optical parts have been completed. 
     Therefore, a display system can be built easily by attaching the light source  1  and the projection lens  13  to the unit in the configuration of the three-chip liquid crystal projector. For example, the optical axes of the unit and the projection lens  13  can be defined only by attaching the unit to a housing H containing the projection lens  13 . A three-chip liquid crystal projector can be configured by placing the light source  1  into a cabinet (not shown) of the system. 
     In the unit, the slope of one of the trimming filters F 1  to F 3  as described above about an optical axis can be defined in a fixed manner with the attachment structure of the trimming filters F 1  to F 3  within the cabinet of the unit. In other words, a designed slope can be achieved only by fixing the trimming filters F 1  to F 3  to the attachment frame on the unit cabinet. 
     The slopes of the trimming filters F 1  to F 3  about the optical axis can be adjusted. For example, by providing a mechanism that allows the adjustment of the attachment angles of the trimming filters F 1  to F 3  to the unit cabinet, the angles of the trimming filters F 1  to F 3  corresponding to the change in the light source  1 , for example, can be adjusted easily. 
     A display system including the light source  1  and the projection lens  13 , which are intended by a designer, can be built with the unit configuration, and a part can be easily replaced if necessary. 
     The invention is applied to a front liquid crystal projector that projects pictures on to the front of a screen S in the examples described above. However, the invention is not limited thereto but is applicable to any image display systems having a condenser optical system that illuminates a modulator, such as a rear liquid crystal projector that projects video on to the back of a screen S, the video of which can be viewed from the front, and a projector including other modulators than an LCD (such as a DMD (Digital Micromirror Device) or a GLV (Grating Light Valve)). 
     Having described the embodiment in which the trimming filters in the optical apparatus are provided for all of R (red), G (green) and B (blue) rays, a trimming filter may be provided for at least one of RGB rays, and one of the provided trimming filters may be sloped about the optical axis to provide the operational effects of the invention. 
     For example, the trimming filter F 1  corresponding to the B (blue) ray is not necessary in a case where the light split and the precise determination of color purity of B (blue) can be performed by the dichroic mirror  4 . In this case, a sapphire glass substrate (having an incident side polarizer on one side) is provided instead of the trimming filter F 1 . Thus, the cooling effect of the incident side polarizer can be improved. 
     It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alterations may occur depending on design requirements and other factors insofar as they are within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.