Abstract:
A brake for vehicle wheels comprises a first element integral with the wheel and a second element comprising an annular strip on which brake pads act, said first and second element having respective hollow portions intended to correspond to pairs for forming receiving seats of constraining elements; the constraining element consists of a substantially cylindrical pawl around the side surface of which an elastically deformable annular element is arranged intended to remain interposed between the wall of the seat and the side wall of the pawl to enable corresponding movements between the hollow portion of the first element and the hollow portion of the second element of the brake.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0002]     The present invention relates to a brake for vehicle wheels provided with a particular constraining element between the braking band (consisting, for example, of a disc) on which the brake pads and the wheel to be braked act.  
         [0003]     2. State of the Prior Art  
         [0004]     In the field of vehicles, in particular of motorcycles, fixing the disc of the brake to the hub of the wheel to be made to brake using a series of constraining elements has been known for some time, for example rivets and studs, spaced at regular intervals along the internal circumference of the disc.  
         [0005]     To achieve fixing, each rivet can be received in a suitable generally cylindrical seat defined by a pair of aligned coaxial holes obtained respectively on the hub of the wheel (or on a brake element fixed to the hub) on the braking disc.  
         [0006]     Alternatively, each rivet can be received in a seat half defined by a generally semicylindrical concavity obtained on the hub and half defined by a similar semicylindrical concavity obtained on the disc.  
         [0007]     In all cases, fixing achieved with prior-art rivets imposes rigid constraining of the disc on the hub at several points, generating some significant drawbacks.  
         [0008]     In fact, during braking, great tension inside the braking track of the disc and considerable local temperature increases due to friction are generated; these phenomena may cause local stretching in various zones of the disc.  
         [0009]     With a system of stiff constraints defining a series of fixed points for the braking track, the local stretching that originates in the disc may cause permanent deformation and curving that, over the long term, may cause damage to the brake, great noise and undesired vibrations.  
         [0010]     The general object of the present invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a brake provided with a constraining system between the element that forms the braking track and the wheel to be made to brake such as to absorb the stretching of the braking track due to mechanical or thermal stress, avoiding permanent deformation or undesired curves.  
         [0011]     A further object of the present invention is to provide a constraining element that has both a simple and economical structure.  
         [0012]     Another object of the present invention is to provide a constraining element that enables the vibrations and noise of the brake to be reduced.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0013]     In view of this object it was decided to make, according to the invention, a brake for vehicle wheels comprising a first element coupled with the wheel and a second element comprising an annular strip on which braking pads act, said first and second element having respective hollow portions intended to correspond to pairs for forming receiving seats of constraining elements, characterized in that said constraining element consists of a substantially cylindrical pawl around the side surface of which there is arranged an elastically deformable annular element intended to remain interposed between the wall of the seat and the side wall of the pawl to enable corresponding movements between the hollow portion of the first element and the hollow portion of the second element of the brake. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0014]     In order to make the explanation of the innovative principles of the present invention and its advantages over the prior art clearer, a possible embodiment applying such principles will be disclosed below with the help of the enclosed drawings. In the drawings:  
         [0015]      FIG. 1  is a view of a disc brake according to the invention,  
         [0016]      FIG. 2  is a constraining element fixing the disc of the brake to the hub of the wheel, in rest status,  
         [0017]      FIG. 3  is a constraining element fixing the disc of the brake to the hub of the wheel, in operating status with stretching deformation of the disc,  
         [0018]      FIG. 4  is a section view of the constraining element in the preceding figures, sectioned along the plane IV-IV in  FIG. 2 ,  
         [0019]      FIG. 5  is a view of an alternative embodiment of the constraining element according to the invention, sectioned according to a plane perpendicular to the plane of the disc. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0020]     With reference to the figures, in  FIG. 1  there is shown the disc  11  of a disc brake, mounted on an element  12  fixed to the hub of a wheel to be made to brake (not shown in the figure) for example of a motorcycle.  
         [0021]     The disc of the brake  11  forms an annular braking track intended to cooperate with the braking pads  21  (shown schematically in the figure) to achieve the braking action of the wheel, according to techniques known in the brakes field.  
         [0022]     The disc of the brake  11  has an annular shape and is fixed to the element  12  that is coupled with the wheel by means of a plurality of constraining elements  13  spaced in a regular manner along the internal perimeter of the disc  11 .  
         [0023]     In  FIG. 2 a  constraining element  13  between the braking disc  11  and the element  12  coupled with the wheel is shown in detail. The element  13  comprises a pawl  14  (shown in the figure with the head removed) received in a seat defined by an open hollow portion  16  of the disc and by an open hollow portion  17  of the element  12  arranged facing the hollow portion  16  of the disc  11 .  
         [0024]     Around the side surface  14   a  of the pawl  14 , an elastically deformable annular element  15  is arranged. The annular element  15  remains interposed between the side wall  14   a  of the pawl  14  and the wall  16   a ,  17   a  of the seat in which the constraining element  13  is received, and according to the invention, ensures constraining of the disc on the hub, whilst enabling the disc to stretch locally between constraint and constraint, assisting the deformation thereof (due for example to thermal or mechanical stress).  
         [0025]     In  FIG. 4 a  section of the constraining element  13  according to plane IV-IV in  FIG. 2  is shown. The pawl  14  (or “pin”), made in the shape of a hollow cylinder, is provided at the ends with a head  19  and with a head  20  for achieving the constraint between the disc  11  and the element  12  in a direction that is perpendicular to the disc of the brake.  
         [0026]     According to prior-art solutions, the second head  20  of the pawl  14  could be obtained by riveting, for example with the interposing of a washer  18  between the head  20  and the wall of the disc brake. As an alternative to riveting the head, to make the constraint in the direction that is axial to the pawl, a clip or Seeger ring could be applied to the pawl, according to known solutions in the field of disc brakes.  
         [0027]     In an embodiment of the invention, the annular element  15  is made from a band of elastic metal material (see  FIG. 2 ).  
         [0028]     The band  15 , sectioned on a plane parallel to the disc, has an undulating pattern to alternatively touch the wall of the seat  16   a ,  17   a  and the side wall  14   a  of the pawl  14 .  
         [0029]     As shown in the figure, the band  15  is such as to touch at at least three different points the wall  16   a  of the hollow portion  16  of the disc and at at least three points the wall  17   a  of the hollow portion  17  of the element  12 . According to what is shown in  FIG. 2 , in the rest position with the annular element in the non-deformed position, the pawl  14  (cylindrical in shape) is coaxial to the generally cylindrical seat formed by the hollow portions  16  and  17 . Furthermore, the disc  11  is not in direct contact with the element  12 , there being a small gap between the two elements. It should be noted that “generally cylindrical seat” also refers to seats that have a certain degree of conicity, due, for example, to blanking of the seats.  
         [0030]     Advantageously, the band  15  does not surround the pawl  14  along its entire side surface  14   a , but has a notch that is longitudinal to the axis of the pawl. This solution enables the band  15  to extend along the perimeter of the pawl  14  when it is compressed and deformed during a corresponding movement between the hollow portion  16  of the disc  11  and the hollow portion  17  of the element  12  or when the constraining element is inserted into its seat by pressing it to impose the necessary preload on the elastic band. As already mentioned, the disc  11  of the brake is in fact subjected to considerable mechanical and thermal stress due to the action of friction braking on the braking track. The stresses can cause local stretching of the disc  11  that vary the distances between two adjacent hollow portions  16  and  17  intended for constraining the disc on the hub.  
         [0031]     The annular elastic element  15  absorbs this stretching, enabling reciprocal movement between the hollow portion  16  and the element  12 , preventing curving of the disc.  
         [0032]      FIG. 3  shows how the band  15  is deformed by local movement of the braking track  11  to the left.  
         [0033]     The band  15  acts elastically and, when thermal-mechanical stress has terminated, recovers the original position in  FIG. 2 , preventing the occurrence of deformation of a permanent type on the disc.  
         [0034]     The elastic action of the annular element  15  enables all the mechanical and thermal stretching generated by braking on the disc  11  to be absorbed, thus ensuring the planarity of the disc in all work conditions.  
         [0035]     It should be noted that the annular element enables stress from different angular tilts (both radial and tangential or combinations of the two) to be absorbed.  
         [0036]      FIG. 5  shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention, where the pawl  34  is received in a generally cylindrical seat defined by a pair of aligned coaxial closed holes respectively obtained on the element coupled with the wheel  32  and on the disc of the brake  31 .  
         [0037]     The pawl  34 , as in the preceding case, is provided with a first head  39  and with a riveted head  40  for ensuring the constraint between disc and hub in an axial direction. A washer  38  can be arranged between the riveted head  40  and the element  32 , according to known techniques in the field of disc brakes.  
         [0038]     In the embodiment in  FIG. 5  the annular elastic element  35 , shown schematically in the figure, surrounds the pawl  34  only on the part thereof received in the hole on the disc  31 . In this way the pawl is rigidly constrained on the element  32 , but the disc  31  has a small degree of freedom compared with the pawl, being able to “fluctuate” around the latter, exploiting the deformability of the annular element  35 .  
         [0039]     It should be noted that the element  35  could be made with an undulating band completely similar to the band disclosed for the main embodiment in  FIG. 2 .  
         [0040]     At this point it is clear how the objects of the present invention have been achieved.  
         [0041]     A brake has in fact been provided that is provided with constraining elements fixing the disc of the brake to the wheel to be made to brake that enable the disc to stretch locally between constraint and constraint without undergoing deformation of a permanent nature and without losing planarity.  
         [0042]     Lastly, a constraining element has been provided that dampens all the vibration that may be induced on the disc and considerably limits the noise from rolling of the brake. Naturally, the above disclosure of an embodiment applying the innovative principles of the present invention is provided by way of example of such principles and must not therefore be taken to limit the scope of the invention claimed herein. The longitudinal notch formed in the elastic band could also not be rectilinear, but could be V-shaped, in order to obtain continuous contact between the wall of the seat and the band along the entire perimeter of the pawl.  
         [0043]     The band may also be peripherally continuous, so without the interruption created by the longitudinal notch, in particular if the radial undulations thereof are accentuated to the point of any way conferring the necessary deformability on the ring.