Abstract:
Several improvements to the components and assembly method of a bolt-action firearm are disclosed. An improved bolt includes two separate members, which makes the bolt less expensive to manufacture while having a stronger extension handle. An improved takedown system and buttonless stop provide two easy ways to remove a bolt from a receiver when desired without misplacing any parts. An improved scope mount has a base connected to a receiver with two ends that substantially cover the top surface of the receiver and a middle portion that is narrowed over an opening to the receiver to accommodate a cartridge. A method of assembling a firearm involves providing a barrel with a threaded portion, fitting a crush washer over the threaded portion, inserting the threaded portion into a corresponding threaded portion of a receiver, and adjusting the barrel about the crush washer until a proper headspace is achieved.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/972,018, filed on Jan. 10, 2008, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/884,246, filed on Jan. 10, 2007; U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/884,268, filed on Jan. 10, 2007; and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/908,488, filed on Mar. 28, 2007, each of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to several improvements in a bolt-action firearm and its method of assembly. More particularly, it relates to a firearm having a two-piece bolt, an improved takedown assembly, an improved scope mount, and a buttonless stop. In addition, the present invention relates more specifically to a method of assembling a bolt-action rifle in which the proper headspace can be determined, adjusted, and fixed without disassembling the rifle. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Bolt-action firearms are well known in the art. Typically, a cartridge is fed into the receiver from an internal magazine by the forward movement of a bolt. After the shot is fired, the bolt is retracted, which removes the spent casing. The rearward movement of the bolt is limited by a stop machined into the bolt. 
     However, current bolt designs have several limitations. Primarily, the extension is typically brazed on and encompasses only a small portion of the circumference of the bolt. Both of these factors limit the bolt&#39;s strength. In an effort to overcome this problem, attempts have been made to manufacture a one-piece bolt with the extension. This solution suffers from rendering the bolt extremely expensive given the amount of machining required to fabricate the bolt. 
     Another issue with current bolt designs is the takedown assembly. Known designs make it awkward to remove the bolt. In addition, current scope mounts do not have the unique features of the present invention. 
     The headspace of a bolt-action rifle is the distance between the face of the closed rifle bolt to the surface in the chamber on which the cartridge case seats. 
     Headspace ranges are established by industry advisory bodies, government bodies, or by individual manufacturers. In the United States, the primary advisory body is the Small Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers Institute. 
     In the manufacture of bolt-action rifles, headspace is measured after the firearm has been assembled. If the headspace is not within the specified range, the firearm must in many cases be disassembled and the headspace then adjusted. This process is laborious, time consuming, and slows the production of such rifles. 
     In view of the above, there is a need for an improved bolt design and scope mounts for a bolt-action firearm as well as a method of assembling a bolt-action rifle where the headspace may be determined, adjusted, and fixed prior to disassembling the rifle. The present invention fulfills these needs and more. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a bolt-action firearm in which the bolt is machined as a rearward part that has an outwardly extending handle and an interior part that is axially displaceable. Then, in its finished form, the bolt is brazed as a single piece. 
     Another object of the present invention is to increase the strength of the joint between the bolt handle and the bolt. 
     Still another object of the present invention is to decrease the fabrication cost and assembly time of an improved bolt. 
     Yet another object of the present invention is to have a takedown assembly, which allows a bolt to be easily removed without any parts being misplaced. 
     Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a scope mount with a superior design that allows it to be mounted over a receiver without blocking the opening for the cartridge feed. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of assembling a firearm in which the proper headspace can be determined, adjusted, and fixed without disassembling the firearm. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of assembling a bolt-action firearm in which the proper headspace can be determined, adjusted, and fixed without disassembling the firearm. 
     It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a buttonless stop for a bolt-action firearm. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a simplified bolt stop with fewer components than known bolt stops. 
     It is an additional object the present invention to decrease fabrication costs and assembly time associated with known bolt stops. 
     It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a simplified bolt stop and to decrease the fabrication cost and assembly time associated with known bolt stops by providing a buttonless stop. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide a buttonless stop in which a bolt may be retracted and removed from a firearm through the interaction between a channel machined in the bolt and a sear surface of the firearm. 
     According to one embodiment of the present invention, a bolt for a bolt-action firearm includes a main body with a bolt front end, an opposing end, and an outer surface. The main body has an interior flange at the opposing end that is recessed from the outer surface of the main body and stands proud from the opposing end. A supplemental body is joined to the main body by a joint between the interior flange and a corresponding recess on the supplemental body. The supplemental body also has an integrally formed bolt handle. 
     According to another embodiment of the present invention, a takedown system for a bolt-action firearm includes a bolt having a circumference enclosed within a receiver of the firearm and a rod operably mounted within the receiver and in substantial touching relationship with the bolt. A pin is mounted to the receiver and connected to the rod with a spring attached to an end of the rod. The rod contains a recessed area that matches the circumference of the bolt so that the bolt can be rearwardly removed from the receiver when the rod is depressed and remains in place when the spring is in a relaxed position. 
     According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, a scope mount for a bolt-action firearm, where the firearm has a receiver with a top surface adapted to receive the scope mount and an ejection port substantially on a side of the receiver, includes a base having an attachment means for removably affixing to the receiver of the firearm. The base has two ends astride of the ejection port and a central region in substantial registration with the ejection port. The central region has a geometry configured to allow a cartridge to be inserted into and ejected from the ejection port. 
     According to still another embodiment of the present invention, a bolt-action firearm includes a receiver adapted to be received by a firearm stock and having a threaded portion. A barrel is affixed at a forward end of the receiver and has a corresponding threaded portion. A crush washer is located between the barrel and the receiver so that the barrel is threadedly adjustable about the crush washer. 
     According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method of assembling a firearm includes the steps of: (1) providing a barrel with a threaded portion at one end and a barrel chamber capable of seating a cartridge, (2) fitting a crush washer over the threaded portion of the barrel, (3) inserting the threaded portion of the barrel into a corresponding threaded portion of a receiver, wherein a bolt with a face is enclosed within the receiver and is adapted to travel in an open and closed position within the receiver, and (4) adjusting the barrel about the crush washer until a desired headspace is achieved, wherein the headspace is the distance between the face of the bolt in a closed position and the barrel chamber on which the cartridge seats. 
     According to another embodiment of the present invention, a bolt with a buttonless stop for a bolt-action firearm, where the bolt has an outer surface, includes a bolt enclosed within a receiver of the firearm and the bolt has a first channel section, a second channel section, and a third channel section on the outer surface of the bolt. An upper portion of a sear of the firearm engages the channel sections to guide the movement of the bolt. The first channel section is generally perpendicular to a bolt axis of the firearm and terminates in a stop. The second channel section is connected to the first channel section and is generally perpendicular to the first channel section. The third channel section is connected to the second channel section, is generally perpendicular to the second channel section, is generally parallel to the first channel section, and does not have a stop. 
     According to another embodiment of the present invention, a bolt-action firearm includes a stock, a receiver mounted in the stock, a trigger assembly mounted in the receiver, a barrel located at a forward end of the receiver, and a bolt enclosed within the receiver and adapted to travel forward and rearward within the receiver. The bolt includes a main body with a bolt front end, an opposing end, and an outer surface. The main body has an interior flange at the opposing end that is recessed from the outer surface of the main body and stands proud from the opposing end. A supplemental body is joined to the main body by a joint between the interior flange and a corresponding recess on the supplemental body. The supplemental body also has an integrally formed bolt handle. 
     According to another embodiment of the present invention, a bolt-action firearm includes a stock, a receiver mounted in the stock, a trigger assembly mounted in the receiver, a barrel located at a forward end of the receiver, and a bolt with an outer surface enclosed within the receiver and adapted to travel forward and rearward within the receiver. The bolt has a first channel section, a second channel section, and a third channel section on the outer surface of the bolt. An upper portion of a sear of the firearm engages the channel sections to guide the movement of the bolt. The first channel section is generally perpendicular to a bolt axis of the firearm and terminates in a stop. The second channel section is connected to the first channel section and is generally perpendicular to the first channel section. The third channel section is connected to the second channel section, is generally perpendicular to the second channel section, is generally parallel to the first channel section, and does not have a stop. 
     These and other objects of the present invention, and their preferred embodiments, shall become clear by consideration of the specification, claims, and drawings taken as a whole. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a cut away view of a prior art bolt-action rifle illustrating the headspace of the rifle. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a barrel and receiver assembled according to a method of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is an exploded view of the barrel of  FIG. 2  illustrating a washer of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a simplified schematic side view of a two-piece bolt provided in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a simplified schematic exploded side view of the bolt of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 6  is a simplified schematic end view of the second member of the bolt of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 7  is a simplified schematic illustration of the second member of the bolt of  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 8  is a simplified schematic side view of a takedown assembly provided in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a simplified schematic side view of the takedown assembly of  FIG. 8 . 
         FIGS. 10 and 10A  are simplified schematic views of a bolt and rod engagement of the takedown assembly of  FIG. 8 . 
         FIG. 11  is a simplified schematic exploded side view of the takedown assembly of  FIG. 8 . 
         FIG. 12  is a simplified schematic side view of a scope mount provided in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 13  is a simplified schematic top view of the scope mount of  FIG. 12 . 
         FIG. 14  is a simplified schematic exploded side view of the scope mount of  FIG. 12 . 
         FIG. 15  is a perspective view of a bolt and receiver equipped with a buttonless stop in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 16  is a simplified perspective view of the buttonless stop of  FIG. 15 . 
         FIG. 17  is a partially exploded rear perspective view of the buttonless stop of  FIG. 15 . 
         FIG. 18  is an exploded side view of the buttonless stop of  FIG. 15  depicting individual components of a sear assembly. 
         FIG. 19  is a simplified perspective bottom view of the buttonless stop of  FIG. 18  illustrating the interaction between the sear and a channel of the bolt. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     A typical bolt-action firearm includes a stock, a receiver mounted in the stock, a trigger assembly mounted in the receiver, a barrel located at a forward end of the receiver, and a bolt enclosed within the receiver and adapted to travel forward and rearward within the receiver. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates the interaction of the various components that create the headspace of a prior art bolt-action rifle. More specifically,  FIG. 1  shows a bolt  2  in a closed position, a receiver  4 , and a barrel chamber  6  with a cartridge  8  seated in the chamber. The headspace  10  is the distance between the face of the bolt  2  and the portion of the barrel chamber  6  on which the cartridge case  8  seats. As mentioned above, when such rifles are assembled, the headspace is measured and then, if adjustments are necessary, the rifles are disassembled to modify the distance the barrel extends into the receiver. As will be appreciated, this process is not particularly efficient since it requires multiple assemblies of the rifle. 
     Turning to  FIG. 2 , the preferred embodiment of the present method addresses this problem through the addition of a crush washer  14 . The crush washer  14  is placed between a barrel  12  and a receiver  16 . During assembly, the barrel  12  is threaded into the receiver  16 . After a bolt is assembled, the headspace is measured. If the headspace needs adjustment, the barrel  12  may be tightened or loosened about the crush washer  14 , thereby varying the distance between the face of the bolt and the face of the barrel  12  chamber in which a cartridge seats. 
     The crush washer  14  is an important aspect of the present invention as it allows the headspace to be adjusted without disassembling the rifle. This in turn reduces the amount of time required to assemble a bolt-action rifle and increases the efficiency of the manufacturing process. 
       FIG. 3  shows the individual components of the inventive method. As shown, the barrel  12  has an end with a threaded portion  20 . The crush washer  14  fits over the threaded end  20  of the barrel  12 . The threaded end of the barrel  12  is then inserted into a corresponding threaded portion of the receiver  16 . In a preferred embodiment, the crush washer  14  has a recoil lug  18 , which extends from a bottom portion of the washer  14 . The recoil lug  18  reduces the movement of the barrel  12  and receiver  16  in the stock of the rifle upon discharge. 
       FIG. 4  shows one embodiment of the present invention in a simplified schematic form. Specifically, it shows a two-piece bolt. In  FIG. 4 , a bolt  110  has a first member (or main body)  112  and a second member (or supplemental body)  114 . The first member  112  has a bolt front end  116  and an opposing end  118 . The second member  114  has a bolt handle  120 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , an interior flange  122  is located at the opposing end  118  of the first member  112 . The interior flange  122  fits inside a corresponding recess  124  of the second member  114  (shown in  FIG. 7 ). The interior flange  122  is recessed from the outer surface of the main body  112  and also stands proud from the opposing end  118 . 
     The interior flange  122  of the first member  112  is brazed to the corresponding recess  124  of the second member  114 . This design allows for a full 360-degree brazed joint. In contrast, prior multi-piece bolts had a separate brazed handle. The brazed handle was joined to only a portion of the circumference of the bolt. For example,  FIG. 6  shows the second member  114  of the present invention, which is machined out of a single piece so that the extension  120  does not have to be brazed onto the bolt. However, prior art bolts have a brazed handle, which would only be attached to a partial circumference of the bolt (shown as the small circumference between dashed lines α and β in  FIG. 6 ). In contrast, the brazed joint of the present invention is the full circumference of the interior flange  122  and its corresponding recess  124 , which creates a stronger bolt  110 . 
     As will be readily appreciated, the bolt  110  moves axially and translates about an axis of the bolt  110 . By using a brazed joint over the full circumference of the interior flange  122  and its corresponding recess  124 , which are also configured centrally about an axis of the bolt  110 , the amount of torque applied to the brazed joint is significantly reduced when compared to known brazed joints on bolts where the bolt handle is attached over only a portion of the circumference of the bolt. The strength of the bolt is also increased since the supplemental body engages the main body over three separate surfaces. Specifically, the three surfaces are the outer surface of the interior flange  122 , the end surface of the opposing end  118 , and the end surface of the interior flange  122 . 
     Creating the second member  114  with the bolt handle  120  creates a stronger handle. The brazed joint now covers the full circumference of the bolt  110  around interior flange  120 . In contrast, previous attempts only had a brazed joint that covered a fraction of the circumference of the bolt, which resulted in the forces on the brazed joint being magnified from the axial forces exerted on the handle. These forces are not present on the brazed joint when it is located over the entire circumference of the bolt  110 . 
     It is therefore an important aspect of the present invention that the bolt consists of two separate pieces. With this configuration, the bolt is less expensive to manufacture and has a stronger extension handle. 
       FIGS. 8 ,  9 , and  11  show another embodiment of the present invention in a simplified schematic form. Specifically, it shows components for a takedown assembly. In  FIG. 8 , a bolt  210  with a bolt handle  220  is enclosed within a receiver  130  and is adapted to slide forward and rearward within the receiver  130 . 
     The receiver  130  contains two holes, which operably mount a rod  132  and a pin  134 . The pin  134  keeps the rod  132  in place. The rod  132  operably engages with the bolt  210 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 10 , the rod  132  is spring mounted on its lower end by spring  136 . The pin  134  keeps the rod  132  in its proper position. When the spring  136  is in its relaxed position, the recessed area  138  is slightly displaced from the bolt  210  so as to prevent the bolt  210  from being removed. As shown in  FIG. 10A , when the user depresses the rod  132  downward, the spring  136  is forced down and the recessed area  138  now matches the circumference of the bolt  210  so that the bolt  210  can be removed from the receiver  130 . 
     The present invention allows the bolt  210  to be rearwardly removable from a firearm by simply pressing the rod  132  on the side of the receiver  130 . Current designs provide a pin, which keeps the bolt in place. However, this pin can be difficult to remove and replace and is easily misplaced. The present invention overcomes these disadvantages by featuring a rod  132 , which allows the bolt  210  to be easily removed, as well as the rod  132  with the pin  134  and the spring  136  to always be contained within the receiver  130 . 
     It is therefore an important aspect of the present invention that the bolt-action firearm has a rearwardly removable bolt that can be completely removed from the firearm by simply pressing a rod on the side of the receiver. 
     Although the takedown assembly has mostly been described using a standard bolt  210 ,  FIG. 11  further illustrates that the takedown assembly can be equally applied to the two-piece bolt  110  as described above. 
       FIG. 12  shows another embodiment of the present invention in a simplified schematic form. Specifically, it shows a scope mount  142 . In  FIG. 12 , the scope mount  142  is removedly affixed to the top surface of the receiver  230  by an attachment means. As shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14 , the scope mount  142  is attached to the receiver  230  by nuts  144 . 
     As can best be seen in  FIG. 13 , the scope mount  142  substantially covers the top surface of the receiver  230 . The central region of the scope mount  142  is narrowed so that the ejection port of the receiver  230  is not significantly blocked in order to allow a cartridge to be easily fed into the receiver  230 . In other words, the central region is in substantial registration with the ejection port. The geometry of the central region of the scope mount  142  is configured to allow a cartridge to be inserted into and ejected from the ejection port, which is located substantially on one side of the receiver  230 . 
       FIG. 15  is a perspective view of a bolt  302  equipped with a buttonless stop according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the bolt  302  is located in the receiver  304  of the firearm and is shown in a retracted position. A portion of the trigger mechanism  306  and the sear (not shown) are also located within the receiver  304  as illustrated in the figure. The bolt  302  has a groove or channel  308  machined into its surface, which allows the bolt  302  to be urged forward to load a cartridge into the receiver  304  and be retracted to remove a spent cartridge. Significantly, the channel  308  also allows the bolt  302  to be completely removed from the receiver  304  and the firearm (not shown). 
     While  FIG. 15 , and the other figures, depicts a two-piece bolt as described above, it will be readily apparent that the present invention can be used with one-piece bolts as well. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 16 , the channel  308  has several connected sections. Specifically, the channel  308  has a first channel section  310  that is generally perpendicular to bolt axis b of the firearm. The first channel section  310  terminates in an abutment surface or stop  312 . The stop  312  limits the rearward travel of the bolt  302  when it is retracted to remove a cartridge. Further, channel  308  has a second channel section  314  that is connected to the first channel section  310 . The second channel section  314  is generally perpendicular to the first channel section  310 . The second channel section  314  allows the bolt  302  to be rotated so that it may subsequently be removed. Finally, the second channel section  314  is connected with a third channel section  316  which is generally perpendicular to the second section  314  and parallel to the first section  310 . The third channel section  316  does not terminate in a stop and allows the bolt  302  to be slidably removed from the receiver. 
     As will be appreciated, the channel  308  and its sections  310 ,  314 , and  316  are important aspects of the present invention. The channel  308  allows the bolt  302  to be urged forward and rearward to load and remove a cartridge respectively. The second channel section  314  also allows the bolt  302  to be rotated about bolt axis b and then be removed from the firearm via the third channel section  316 . As discussed in greater detail below, the specific configuration and orientation of the channel  308  eliminates the need for a button or lever to remove the bolt  302 . 
     Turning to  FIGS. 17-19 , an upper portion  320  of the firearm sear  318  engages the channel sections  310 ,  314 ,  316  and guides the movement of the bolt  302 . As shown in  FIG. 17 , an upper sear portion  320  protrudes slightly into the receiver  304  and into the channel (not shown). The engagement of the upper sear portion  320  and the channel sections  310 ,  314 ,  316  is illustrated in  FIG. 19 , which is a simplified perspective view of the inventive bolt  302  and sear  318 . As will be appreciated, the bolt  302  slides rearward and forward, relative to the firearm, about the upper sear portion  320  when the portion  320  is in channel sections  310  and  316 . The bolt can also be rotated about the bolt axis b when the upper sear portion  320  travels in the second channel section  314 . 
     To remove the bolt  302 , a user retracts the bolt  302  via the bolt handle or extension  322  until the upper sear portion  320  contacts the stop  312  at the end of the first channel section  310 . The bolt  302  is then urged forward slightly until the second channel portion  314  is aligned with the upper sear portion  320 . Once aligned, the bolt  302  may then be rotated about bolt axis b in direction d until the upper sear portion  320  is aligned with the third channel portion  316 . As stated, the third channel portion  316  does not have a stop or abutment surface at its terminal end and allows the bolt  302  to be completely removed from the sear  318  and the receiver (not shown). 
     As will be readily apparent, the channel  308  and upper sear portion  320  are important aspects of the present invention as they allow the bolt  302  to be removed without the need for a button or lever. The inventive buttonless stop thereby reduces manufacturing and assembly costs, as additional components, machining, and assembly are not required. Moreover, the inventive stop does not require the stocking of replacement parts, e.g., levers or biasing means, as none are needed apart from the actual bolt  302  and sear  318 . 
     While the invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various obvious changes may be made, and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, without departing from the essential scope of the present invention. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention includes all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.