Abstract:
A composite non-woven needlefelt ink absorber that is particularly suited for use with an ink jet printer to absorb and disperse waste ink utilizes at least two distinct layers. The layer initially contacted by the ink is low density/course denier. The final ink receiving and retaining layer is high density/fine denier. Any intermediate layers are also intermediate in density and denier.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention is directed generally to an ink absorber for use primarily in an ink jet printer. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a composite non-woven material for use as an ink-absorber in an ink jet printer. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a composite non-woven needlefelt for use as an ink absorber in an ink jet printer. The composite non-woven ink absorber has a low density/coarse denier top layer and a high density/fine denier bottom layer wherein denier is understood to be the weight-per-unit-length measure of the fiber. The composite non-woven ink absorber of the present invention provides for uniform and efficient absorption and transportation of ink from the top surface of the top layer to the body of the bottom layer of the composite non-woven material.  
         DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART  
         [0002]    In ink jet printing devices, the print head typically includes one or more ink filled channels, each with a relatively small ink supply chamber at one end and having an opening, referred to as a nozzle, at the opposite end. Ink droplets are formed and are discharged onto a substrate to be printed. To prevent the nozzles from becoming clogged with dried residual ink droplets, the nozzles are thoroughly flushed with additional ink jet droplets after use. Alternatively, a vacuum may be created within the nozzles, which removes all residual ink prior to any further printing operations. The waste ink generated by either the flushing or vacuuming procedure is discharged to a waste ink absorber where it is subsequently stored for the duration of the service life of the ink jet printer.  
           [0003]    Another consideration is the use of “full bleed” ink jet photographic quality printing. An overshoot of ink droplets from a print head can intentionally be made to fill the print sheet from edge-to-edge. The print sheet would not be adhered to a base sheet but would be independently fed through the ink jet printer. The overshoot of ink droplets in the “full bleed” process would be dispersed to a waste ink absorber where it is subsequently stored or transferred to a final waste ink reservoir for the duration of the service life of the ink jet printer.  
           [0004]    In both cases, the collection of ink is not always uniform. Ink accumulates on the surface of the waste ink absorber device. It dries into a gel state that consequently clogs the waste ink absorber. The clogged waste ink absorber does not allow for efficient and uniform dispersal of waste ink into the body of the waste ink absorber. This results in an insufficient capacity for waste ink storage with respect to the life of the ink jet printer.  
           [0005]    Nozzles can become contaminated or even clogged by contact with the waste ink. The print sheet can have unwanted ink spots on its non-printed backside. In either case, the quality of print is greatly reduced because of the accumulation of the ink in the waste ink absorber.  
           [0006]    There is a need for a waste ink absorber that will eliminate waste ink clogging in the waste ink absorber and which will also allow for a sufficient amount of waste ink storage corresponding to the service life of an ink jet printer. The composite non-woven ink absorber, in accordance with the present invention, overcomes the limitations of the prior art. It is a substantial advance in the art.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0007]    It is an object of the present invention to provide an ink jet absorber for use primarily in an ink jet printer.  
           [0008]    Another object of the present invention is to provide a non-woven ink jet absorber.  
           [0009]    A further object of the present invention is to provide a composite non-woven needlefelt for use as an ink jet absorber.  
           [0010]    Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide an ink jet absorber that accomplishes the uniform and efficient absorption and transport of ink from a top surface of the composite non-woven material to the body of the composite non-woven material.  
           [0011]    The ink jet absorber in accordance with the present invention utilizes a composite non-woven material, such as a composite non-woven needlefelt, having a low density/coarse denier top layer and at least one higher density/finer denier lower or bottom layer. The denier is understood to be the weight-per-unit-length of the fiber used to form the non-woven needlefelt. The ink jet absorber is intended primarily for use with ink jet printers, and will be discussed hereinafter in that context. It is to be understood that the ink jet absorber of the present invention is susceptible of other uses.  
           [0012]    The ink jet absorber quickly absorbs waste ink discharged from ink jet nozzles and, through the inherent capillary gradient between layers in the composite non-woven material, disperses or transports the waste ink evenly from the surface of the top layer through to the bottom layer of the ink jet absorber. Typically, waste ink from ink jet nozzles is dropped onto the ink jet absorber at a specific point on the surface of the top layer. The ink jet absorber of the present invention will quickly disperse waste ink vertically through its top layer and will then subsequently disperse the waste ink evenly horizontally through the bottom layer of the ink jet absorber.  
           [0013]    One important characteristic of the present invention is the provision of a capillary gradient between the top and bottom layers of the composite non-woven material. The capillary gradient is accomplished by constructing a composite non-woven material, such as a composite non-woven needlefelt, in the subject ink jet absorber, with a minimum of two layers having differing capillary forces between these layers. The capillary force of each layer is selected in accordance with the requirements of the specific application. The ink jet absorber of the present invention has a top layer consisting of a low density/coarse denier composition and at least a high density/fine denier composition bottom layer.  
           [0014]    Capillary force in a non-woven material is a function of the surface tension of ink with respect to fiber type, contact angle of ink on the fiber and the fiber surface area per unit volume of the non-woven material, such as needlefelt. Capillary force in a non-woven material can be considered as being analogous to capillary head in a vertical capillary tube. The space between the fibers in the non-woven material can be approximated as a vertical capillary tube. The equation for force in a vertical capillary tube is given as follows:  
             F= 2πrσ LV  cos θ LS  where,  
           [0015]    F=Capillary Force  
           [0016]    r=Tube Radius  
           [0017]    σ LV =Surface Tension  
           [0018]    θ LS =Contact Angle  
           [0019]    The fiber surface area per unit volume of the non-woven material is a function of the non-woven material&#39;s density and fiber size. The equation for fiber surface area per unit volume of the non-woven material is given as follows:  
       SA   =       (     4     d   f       )          (     ρ     ρ   f       )                             
 
           [0020]    where,  
           [0021]    SA=fiber surface area per unit volume  
           [0022]    d f =diameter of fiber  
           [0023]    ρ=density of non-woven needlefelt  
           [0024]    ρ f =density of fiber  
           [0025]    A higher SA or surface area will create many individual capillary tubes within the non-woven material, such as a needlefelt, thus creating a high capillary force, F, in the non-woven needlefelt. A low density/coarse denier layer will have a low fiber SA or surface area per unit volume of felt compared to a high density/fine denier layer. The ink jet absorber of the present invention has a top layer consisting of a low density/coarse denier composition and at least a bottom layer consisting of a high density/fine denier composition. The top layer can be considered as having a high permeability, or “open” structure, while the bottom layer can be considered as a having a low permeability with a high capillary force particularly in the horizontal direction. High permeability is understood to mean a low fiber surface area to unit volume structure and low permeability is understood to mean a high fiber surface area to unit volume structure.  
           [0026]    The “open” structure of the top layer of the composite non-woven needlefelt or similar material ink absorber of the present invention allows the waste ink from ink jet nozzles to quickly move vertically or to be transported from the top surface of the low density/coarse denier composition top layer through to the high density/fine denier composition bottom layer. Since the dwell time of the waste ink is minimized at the top surface of the top layer of the ink absorber, and ink absorption is uniform in the bottom layer, the possibility of ink build-up at the top surface of the top layer is minimized. Ink build-up can cause clogging of the ink jet absorber and unwanted contact between the built-up ink and ink jet printer nozzles.  
           [0027]    The construction of the composite non-woven material is such that the fibers of the top layer and bottom layers are physically in contact. In one embodiment they may be interlocked by the action of, for example, a needle loom. Preferably, the fiber interlock will be unidirectional with fibers residing in the top layer being driven into and interlocked with fibers in the bottom layer. The attachment of each layer in this type of construction utilizes well-established interlocking techniques and therefore is economical. This contributes to an overall reduction in manufacturing costs.  
           [0028]    While a needlefelt induced fiber interlock is particularly suited for use in forming the composite non-woven ink absorber in accordance with the present invention, other connections between the layers of the non-woven material are also within the scope of the present invention. The non-woven layers could be laminated and secured by a pressure sensitive adhesive strip bond. Alternatively, a dot style pressure sensitive adhesive bond could also be utilized. A thin, highly permeable layer of a low melt polyester non-woven fiber could be used to secure the layers. The layers could also be unsecured but placed in physical contact. Each one of the non-woven fiber layers is also preferably formed as a needlefelt material, as that term is understood in the art. It is to be understood that other materials, typically other non-woven materials which are not needlefelt materials, and also other materials, which may not be non-woven materials are also useable in the present invention. The term needlefelt will be used subsequently but will be understood as encompassing these other arrangements.  
           [0029]    The composite non-woven needlefelt for use as a waste ink absorber in accordance with the present invention is to be used in a unidirectional manner in which the waste ink from ink jet nozzles enters the top surface of the top layer. If necessary, the unidirectional configuration of this composite non-woven needlefelt is accomplished by distinctly defining the differentiation of layers via fiber color selections. The distinction between the top and bottom layers via fiber color selection eliminates the need for critical fit and function inspection. This contributes to an overall reduction in manufacturing cost.  
           [0030]    The composite non-woven ink absorber in accordance with the present invention provides an effective, efficient device for absorbing and holding waste ink in an ink jet printer. It is a substantial improvement over the prior art devices and is a significant advance in the art. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0031]    While the novel features of the composite non-woven needlefelt for use as an ink jet absorber in accordance with the present invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims, a full and complete understanding of the invention may be had by referring to the detailed description of the preferred embodiments, as presented subsequently, and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first preferred embodiment of a composite non-woven needlefelt useable as an ink jet absorber in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the composite non-woven needlefelt ink jet absorber depicted in FIG. 1;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 3 is a schematic side elevation view of an ink jet cartridge with ink dispensing nozzles working with the composite non-woven needlefelt ink jet absorber of the present invention;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional depiction of ink distribution of a typical non-composite ink jet absorber;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional depiction of ink distribution in the composite non-woven needlefelt ink jet absorber in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 5 is a photograph of a first preferred embodiment of a composite non-woven needlefelt ink jet absorber in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 6 is a photograph of an ink impression taken from a top surface of the composite non-woven needlefelt ink jet absorber of FIG. 6;  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 7 is a photograph of a non-composite non-woven needlefelt of high density/fine denier useable as an ink jet absorber device;  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 8 is a photograph of an ink impression taken from the top surface of the non-composite non-woven needlefelt depicted in FIG. 7;  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 9 is a photograph of a second preferred embodiment of a composite non-woven needlefelt with a plurality of layers for use as an ink jet absorber in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 10 is a photograph of a non-composite non-woven needlefelt of low density/coarse denier with a singular layer useable as an ink jet absorber;  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 11 is a photograph of a non-composite non-woven needlefelt of high density/fine denier with a singular layer useable as an ink jet absorber;  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 12 is a photograph of the bottom face of a composite non-woven needlefelt with a plurality of layers used as an ink jet absorber in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 13 is a photograph of the bottom face of the non-composite non-woven needlefelt of low density/coarse denier with a singular layer in accordance with FIG. 10 and showing the device after use as an ink jet absorber device;  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 14 is a photograph of the bottom face of a non-composite non-woven needlefelt of high density/fine denier with a singular layer in accordance with FIG. 11 and showing the device after use as an ink jet absorber device;  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of ink distribution in the second preferred embodiment of the composite non-woven needlefelt with a plurality of layers for use as an ink jet absorber in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0048]    [0048]FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of ink distribution in a non-composite non-woven needlefelt of low density/coarse denier with a singular layer used as an ink jet absorber device; and  
         [0049]    [0049]FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of ink distribution in a non-composite non-woven needlefelt of high density/fine denier with a singular layer useable as an ink jet absorber device.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0050]    Referring initially to FIG. 1, there may be seen generally at  20 , a first preferred embodiment of a composite non-woven needlefelt for use as an ink jet absorber device in accordance with the present invention. In this first preferred embodiment, a top layer  22  and a bottom layer  24  form the composite non-woven needlefelt  20 . Top layer  22  has a low density/coarse denier fiber construction and the bottom layer  24  has a high density/fine denier fiber construction. As discussed above, each of the two layers  22  and  24  is preferably a non-woven needlefelt. The composite non-woven ink absorber  20  is also preferably a needlefelt. However, each of the two layers could be a material which is not a needlefelt and does not have to be non-woven. The composite can also be formed by other than needlefelting. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first preferred composite non-woven needlefelt  20  depicted in FIG. 1. Coarse fibers  26  of top layer  22  and fine fibers  28  of bottom layer  24  are depicted as large circles and small circles, respectively. The relatively low number of coarse fibers  26  and the relatively high number of fine fibers  28  represent low and high-density compositions respectively. The specific compositions and sizes of the coarse fibers  26  and of the fine fibers  28  are set forth subsequently in conjunction with several of the preferred examples. The composite material is preferably a non-woven needlefelt as those terms are understood by one of skill in the art. Typically, non-woven felts are formed by the extrusion of a plurality of strings or strands from a tip plate or a bushing onto a forming surface. The strands in each non-woven material are typically connected by a needling step. The two layers are then joined to each other by a further needling operation, as referenced previously, in which needles are inserted into, and then withdrawn from the composite material. The needling operation entwines the fibers at the juncture of the two felts and results in the composite non-woven needlefelt that is useable with the present invention.  
         [0051]    Turning now to FIG. 3, there is schematically depicted an ink jet printer, generally at  30 , that can utilize the ink jet absorber, generally at  20 , of the present invention. The ink jet printer  30  includes an ink jet printer cartridge  32 . This printer cartridge  32 , during its cleaning operation, will produce droplets  34  of waste ink. These waste ink droplets  34  are typically dropped onto ink jet absorber  20  at a specific point on a surface  36  of top layer  22  of the ink jet absorber  20 , as shown in FIG. 3. In accordance with the present invention, the ink jet absorber  20  will disperse the waste ink droplet  34  vertically through top layer  22  and will horizontally disperse the waste ink droplet  34  throughout the bottom layer  24  of the ink jet absorber  20 . This dispersion of the waste ink droplets  34  through the top layer  22  is due to the low density/coarse denier fiber used in the top layer  22 , and the high density/fine denier bottom layer  24  used to form the ink jet absorber  20  of the present invention. The low density/coarse denier fibers used to form the top layer  22  have a low fiber surface area per unit volume of felt. The top layer has a highly permeable structure that allows the waste ink  34  to pass through it. The lower layer  24 , which is of high density/fine denier fibers has a higher fiber surface area per unit volume of felt. The top layer has a highly permeable structure that allows the waste ink  34  to pass through it. The lower layer  24 , which is of high density/fine denier fibers, has a higher fiber surface area per unit volume of felt. This provides a higher capillary force and results in the horizontal movement or transport of the waste ink particles or drops  34  out away from a location directly beneath their point of contact with the upper layer  22  of the ink jet absorber  20 . The result of this composite structure is initial retention of the ink droplets that fall into the upper, less dense layer  22  and the efficient, effective disposal of the ink as it passes into the lower, more dense layer  24  of the ink jet absorber  20 .  
         [0052]    In FIG. 4A there is depicted schematically a typical ink distribution pattern, generally at  40  which is apt to result when using a prior art, typical non-composite ink jet absorber  42 . In such a prior art non-composite ink jet absorber, the ink that is directed to the absorber tends to remain on its surface and does not become dispersed both vertically and horizontally. This can be seen by referring to FIG. 4A. In substantial contrast, as seen in FIG. 4B, the use of the composite non-woven needlefelt ink jet absorber  20  of the present invention provides a much more effective ink dispersal or ink distribution profile. This is depicted schematically at  44 . The composite non-woven needlefelt  20  allows the waste ink droplet  34  from ink jet printer cartridge  32  to quickly spread from the top surface  36  of the top layer  22  through to the bottom layer. Since the dwell time is minimized at the top surface  36  of the top layer  22 , the resultant uniform ink distribution  44  in the bottom layer significantly reduces the possibility of ink build-up at top surface  36  of top layer  22 . A typical prior art non-composite ink jet absorber device  42  results in a longer respective dwell time in top layer  46  and thus the depicted ink distribution  40  results. Ink distribution  40  can cause clogging of this prior art, non-composite ink jet absorber  42  and this may result in unwanted contact between ink distribution  40  and ink jet printer cartridge  32 . Another consequence is unwanted contact between ink build-up at top surface  46  of the non-composite ink jet absorber  40  and the printed medium. These previously occurring problems are very effectively remedied by use of the composite non-woven needlefelt ink jet absorber  20  of the present invention. As seen in FIG. 4B, there is no build-up of waste ink on the top  36  of the top layer  22 . The waste ink passes through the top layer  22  and disperses into the bottom or lower layer  24 . The ink distribution pattern  44  makes much more efficient use of all of the ink jet absorber  20  and results in a device which will have a life sufficient to last as long as the ink jet printer.  
       EXAMPLES  
     Example #1  
       [0053]    A composite non-woven needlefelt  50  was produced for use as an ink jet absorber device in an ink jet printer application. This first composite non-woven needlefelt  50  included two distinct layers  52  and  54 , as depicted schematically in FIG. 5. The top layer  52  consisted of black colored, polyester staple fibers with an overall, generally coarse denier of 3.0 and an overall low density of 0.20 grams per cubic centimeter. The bottom layer  54  consisted of a white colored, polyester staple fiber blend a generally fine denier of 75-percent 1.50 denier fibers and 25-percent 2.25 denier with a relatively high density of 0.31 grams per cubic centimeter. The overall felt density of the first composite non-woven needlefelt was 0.27 grams per cubic centimeters. Overall nominal thickness of the first example composite non-woven needlefelt was 3.25 mm.  
         [0054]    This composite non-woven needlefelt  50  was then cut to a rectangular shape of 203 mm×254 mm. A quantity of 25 ml of ink was dispersed into the composite non-woven needlefelt  50 . A piece of kraft paper  56  was placed against a top surface of top layer  52  and was held down with a 2175 gram laboratory weight at  10  seconds after ink dispersion. FIG. 5 shows the composite non-woven needlefelt  50  immediately after ink dispersion. FIG. 6 shows the ink impression  58  on the kraft paper  56  after 10 seconds.  
         [0055]    For comparison purposes, a non-composite non-woven needlefelt  60  with high density/fine denier was produced. This was of a polyester staple fiber blend of 75 percent 1.5 denier and 25 percent 2.25 denier. The same test was performed as discussed above. FIG. 7 is a picture of the non-composite non-woven needlefelt  60  of high density/fine denier and showing the ink dispersion pattern resulting 10 seconds after application of 25 ml of ink to the surface of the material  60 . In a manner similar to that discussed above, a piece of kraft paper was placed against a top surface of the material  60  at 10 seconds after ink dispersion. It was again held in place by a  2175  gm weight for 10 seconds. The resultant ink impression  64  is very clearly visible in FIG. 8.  
       Example #2  
       [0056]    A composite non-woven needlefelt  70 , as depicted in FIG. 9, was produced with three distinct layers  72 ,  74 , and  76  for use as an ink jet absorber in an ink jet printer application. The top layer  72  consisted of white colored, polyester staple fiber 100-percent 15.0 generally coarse denier fibers having a low density. The second, intermediate layer  74  consisted of white colored, polyester staple fiber blend of 75-percent 6.0 denier fibers and 25-percent 15.0 denier resulting in an intermediate denier and an intermediate density. The bottom layer consisted of a white colored, polyester staple fiber blend of 75-percent 2.25 denier fibers and 25-percent 6.0 denier resulting in a generally fine denier having a relatively high density. The overall felt density of the composite was 0.17 grams per cubic centimeters. Overall nominal thickness of this composite non-woven needlefelt was 11.2 mm. This second example  70  of a composite non-woven needlefelt thus had three layers, a first or top layer  72  of lowest density/coarsest denier; an intermediate layer  74  of intermediate density/intermediate denier; and a bottom layer  76  of high density/fine denier. The second example of a composite non-woven needlefelt  70  was then cut to a rectangular shape of 203 mm×254 mm. A quantity of 50 ml of ink was dispersed into this second example composite non-woven needlefelt  70 . Ink was allowed to disperse in the composite non-woven needlefelt  70  for 60 seconds. FIG. 9 shows the ink dispersal pattern  74  for this second example composite non-woven needlefelt  70  after ink dispersion.  
         [0057]    Again, as with Example #1, a first non-composite non-woven needlefelt with low density/coarse denier was produced. This consisted of a polyester staple fiber  82  of 100 percent 15 denier. It was thus equivalent to the top layer of Example #2. The overall felt density was 0.110 grams per cubic centimeters. Overall nominal thickness of this non-composite non-woven needlefelt was 11.0 mm. The same test was performed, as described above and the resultant ink dispersal pattern  84  is shown in FIG. 10 after ink dispersion.  
         [0058]    A second non-composite non-woven needlefelt of high density/fine denier  90  was produced and consisted of a white colored, polyester staple fiber blend  92  of 75-percent 2.25 denier fibers and 25-percent 6.0 denier, thus having a structure equivalent to the bottom layer  76  of Example #2. The overall felt density was 0.140 grams per cubic centimeters. Overall nominal thickness of this non-composite non-woven needlefelt was 11.5 mm. The same test was performed as described above and the resultant ink dispersal pattern  94  is shown in FIG. 11 after ink dispersion.  
       Results  
     Example #1  
       [0059]    The ink impression  58  displayed in kraft paper  56  in FIG. 6 is very minimal at the time stage tested. The ink that was dispersed in the first example of a composite non-woven felt  50 , in accordance with the present invention was drawn away from a top surface of top layer  52  of the composite non-woven needlefelt  50  and was received and held in the body of the second layer  54  as has been disclosed previously in connection with the present invention.  
         [0060]    The ink impression  64  shown in kraft paper  62  in FIG. 8 is substantial at the time stage tested. The ink that was dispersed in the non-composite non-woven felt  60  did not quickly draw away from top surface and thus the potential for waste ink accumulation at the surface is high.  
       Example #2  
       [0061]    The ink distributions  74 ,  84  and  94  in FIGS. 9, 10, and  11  show the ink entry point and ink dispersion over the time stage tested. The ink that was dispersed in the composite non-woven felt  70  was quickly drawn away from the top surface of top layer  72  of the composite non-woven needlefelt  70  and was received in the body of the bottom layer  76  in a uniform and efficient manner in accordance with the present invention. The diameter of the ink distribution  74  in FIG. 9 equals 70 mm. It is to be noted that FIGS. 9, 10 and  11  all are of the upper or top surface of their respective composite or non-composite needlefelts. These thus all show the entry pattern made in each needlefelt by the volume of ink applied to each.  
         [0062]    Turning now to FIG. 12 there is shown a bottom view of the three layer composite non-woven needlefelt  70  of FIG. 7. The bottom surface of the lowermost layer  76  of the three layer composite non-woven needlefelt  70  shows an ink distribution pattern  100  of 250 mm. The central darker area  102  in FIG. 12 is sized more with the size of the ink distribution area  74  in FIG. 9. A comparison of the two is visual evidence of the dispersion of the ink that is accomplished by a composite non-woven needlefelt, such as the needlefelt, generally at  70 , in accordance with the present invention. As the ink passes from the first or top layer  72  to the bottom, or lower layer  76  of the composite non-woven needlefelt  70 , it spreads or disperses horizontally, particularly in the lower layer  76 . This accomplishes a greater use of the total absorptive capabilities of the ink absorber in accordance with the present invention.  
         [0063]    A comparison of the ink dispersal pattern for the second example of a composite non-woven needlefelt  70  depicted in FIG. 9, in accordance with the present invention with the ink dispersal patterns of the two non-composite needlefelts  80  and  90 , of FIGS. 10 and 11, respectively is further evidence of the effectiveness of the composite non-woven needlefelt ink absorbers of the present invention. Whereas FIGS. 10 and 11 are top views of the ink dispersal patterns in the two non-composite non-woven needlefelts  80  and  90 , FIGS. 13 and 14 are the ink dispersal patterns visible on the bottom surfaces of the non-composite non-woven needlefelts  80  and  90 , respectively. In FIG. 13, the bottom ink dispersal pattern is indicated at  86 , in FIG. 14, it is indicated at  96 .  
         [0064]    The ink that was dispersed in the non-composite non-woven felt  80  was quickly drawn away from top surface the non-composite non-woven needlefelt  80  and resides centrally within the body of the non-composite non-woven needlefelt  80 , as seen in FIG. 10, and as discussed above. The ink distribution  86  depicted in FIG. 13, viewed from the bottom surface  88  of non-composite non-woven needlefelt  80 , shows the ink distribution  88  is slightly larger relative to the top surface the non-composite non-woven needlefelt  80 , as seen in FIG. 10. The diameter of the top ink distribution  84  in FIG. 10 equals 114 mm. The diameter of the bottom ink distribution  86  in FIG. 13 equals 130 millimeters.  
         [0065]    The ink that was dispersed in the non-composite non-woven felt  90  was absorbed by the non-composite non-woven needlefelt  90  and resides closer to the top surface of the non-composite non-woven needlefelt  90 . The ink distribution  96  in FIG. 14, viewed from the bottom surface  98  of non-composite non-woven needlefelt  90 , shows the ink distribution  96  is concentrated towards the bottom surface  98  of the non-composite non-woven needlefelt  90 . The diameter of the top ink distribution  94  in FIG. 11 equals 96 mm. The diameter of the bottom ink distribution  96  in FIG. 14 equals 87 millimeters. This is clear evidence that the functioning of the composite non-woven needlefelt  70  in its ability to absorb waste ink and to both move it away from the top surface  72  of the ink absorber  70  and to distribute or disperse the ink widely in the bottom layer  76  is greater than would be expected solely by viewing the behavior of the non-composite needlefelts  80  and  90  which make up the respective upper and lower layers of the composite non-woven needlefelt  70  of the second example of the present invention. While the two non-composite non-woven needlefelts  80  and  90  provide almost none or no dispersal by themselves, where they are combined, as described in Example #1 or with an intermediate layer, as described in Example #2, the resultant ink absorber performs far better than would be expected.  
         [0066]    The greater than expected absorption and dispersal of waste ink by the composite non-woven needlefelt  70  of Example #2 is further demonstrated by now referring to FIGS. 15, 16 and  17 . FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the ink distribution  74  of composite non-woven needlefelt  70  with a plurality of layers for use as an ink jet absorber in accordance with the present invention and structured in accordance with previously discussed Example #2. The ink that was dispersed in the composite non-woven needlefelt felt  70  was quickly drawn away from the top surface of top layer  72  of the composite non-woven needlefelt  70  through the middle layer  74  and resides in the body of the bottom layer  76 . This ink distribution  74  is shown in FIG. 15 and provides a uniform and efficient ink dispersal in accordance with the present invention.  
         [0067]    [0067]FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of ink distribution  84  of the non-composite non-woven needlefelt  80  of low density/coarse denier of a singular layer and being used as an ink jet absorber. The ink that was dispersed in the singular layer  80  was drawn away from the top surface of the non-composite non-woven needlefelt  80  and resides centrally within the body of the singular layer  80 .  
         [0068]    [0068]FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of ink distribution  94  of the non-composite non-woven needlefelt  90  of high density/fine denier of a singular layer useable as an ink jet absorber. Again, the ink that was dispersed in the non-composite non-woven felt  90  was absorbed by the singular layer and resides closer to the top and bottom surfaces of the singular layer. FIGS. 15, 16 and  17  thus provide further evidence of the beneficial ink absorption and dispersal or dispersion capabilities provided by the composite non-woven needlefelt ink absorber in accordance with the present invention. Not only does the composite non-woven needlefelt ink absorber provide greater than expected absorptive capabilities, it also provides greater than expected distributive or dispersive characteristics. The result is an ink absorber which is particularly useful in an ink jet printer and which ensures that the full ink absorptive capabilities of the ink absorber will be utilized. It also assures that there will not be any build-up of dried ink on the upper surface of the ink absorber thus preventing possible nozzle contamination and paper soiling.  
         [0069]    While preferred embodiments of a composite non-woven needlefelt ink absorber adapted for use with an ink jet printer, in accordance with the present invention, have been set forth fully and completely hereinabove, it will be apparent to one of skill in the art that a number of changes in, for example the overall sizes of the ink absorber, the particular structure of the ink jet printer and the like can be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention which is accordingly to be limited only by the following claims.