Abstract:
A method and system for facilitating collaboration between two groups without impairing or affecting the structure of the two groups is provided.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The present application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/251,187 (entitled “Dynamic Collaboration in Social Networking Environment” and filed on Oct. 13, 2009), the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth verbatim herein and relied upon for all purposes. 
     
    
     COPYRIGHT NOTICE 
       [0002]    A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to (copyright or mask work) protection. The (copyright or mask work) owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all (copyright or mask work) rights whatsoever. 
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    The present invention relates generally to social networking. More particularly, the present invention relates to dynamic collaboration in a social networking environment. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    Social networking sites, such as FACEBOOK, NING, and MYSPACE, do not allow two groups to collaborate in a manner similar to the way groups would collaborate in a non-electronic manner. For instance, groups cannot enter into a distinct collaboration group without fundamentally modifying the constituent groups. The existing paradigm for online collaboration only creates a semblance of collaboration by simply adding users of one group to another group. The result is merely an expansion of one or both groups rather than a focused collaboration that runs parallel to its constituent groups. 
         [0005]    The current paradigm as described above exhibits several drawbacks: Problem 1—The addition of users from one group into the other merely expands membership of a group, but does not create a dedicated group focused on a particular collaboration. Problem 2—The addition of new users to an existing group for the sake of a particular collaboration (rather than to be a part of the broader activities of that group) fundamentally alters and arguably dilutes the original group. Problem 3—Adding outside parties to a group is often inappropriate where group membership in the online group is based on real world relationships. For example, a high school classroom would not allow individuals who are not part of the real world class to join the virtual world classroom group for the sake of collaborating with them. Even two classrooms in the same school that want to collaborate on a project would most likely not choose to simply become a single, larger class. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    The present invention recognizes and addresses some of the foregoing considerations, and others, of prior art construction and methods by giving owners of user groups in social networking contexts the ability to invite one another to create a distinct collaboration group that exists outside of each of the constituent groups. In one embodiment, the system automatically adds the members of each group to the collaboration group and provides the ability for the owners of the underlying groups to invite additional users to the group. Alternatively, the owners, now co-owners of the newly created collaboration group, can invite or add members of their own constituent groups to the new collaboration group. The new collaboration group has a life of its own outside of the groups whose owners and members founded and seeded it. 
         [0007]    In this regard, one aspect of the present invention provides a system and method for facilitating collaboration by a first group and a second group comprising the steps of creating a collaboration group, where a processing device stores data representative of the collaboration group in a memory operatively connected to the processing device; linking the first group to the collaboration group, where the processing devices stores data in the memory representative of the link between the first group and the collaboration group; linking the second group to the collaboration group, where the processing device stores data in the memory representative of the link between the second group and the collaboration group in the memory; and facilitating collaboration by the first and second groups, where a first structure of the first group remains unchanged by the collaboration and a second structure of the second group remains unchanged by the collaboration. 
         [0008]    Another aspect of the present invention recognizes that a group owner requires control over whether, at any given time, the owner&#39;s group is made available to receive an invitation for a joint collaboration from another group owner. This aspect of the present invention further recognizes that a group owner may be interested in collaborating on one project but not on another. Therefore, group owners have the ability to enable or disable the collaboration feature. If enabled, the group owner may designate whether the group is interested in collaborating on any project or rather on any number of specific projects. These decisions may be made either at the time of group creation or subsequently through the Edit Group function, as described below. Changes to these settings made by the group owner do not affect any unanswered invitations sent or received prior to the change. That is, if the group owner receives an invitation to collaborate on one day at which time the group is configured to accept collaboration invitations, the group owner may accept that invitation. The process then proceeds in the normal scenario even if the settings had been altered to make the group unavailable for collaboration in the meantime. Additionally, a group owner&#39;s ability to send a collaboration invitation to another group owner is not affected by the own group&#39;s collaboration settings. 
         [0009]    Once created, collaboration groups are groups similar to the constituent groups of which each collaboration group is comprised, although users may see collaboration groups as a distinct group type. Recognizing this, one aspect of the present invention applies a distinct “collaboration group” group type to collaboration groups, thereby allowing the system to display them in a distinct or separate list, rather than in a combined list of collaboration and non-collaboration groups. In an effort to enhance the user experience, lists such as “My Groups” and “My Collaboration Groups” can be placed on relevant web pages such as each user&#39;s home page. 
         [0010]    Aside from the manner by which they are created, another key distinction between collaboration groups and other groups is that online collaboration groups may have a fixed duration—a defined ending point—similar in nature to non-online-enabled collaboration groups. While this may be a characteristic of all group types, it is more prominent with collaboration groups. Therefore, collaboration group co-owners possess the ability to set “active until” dates for these groups. When this date approaches, the system alerts the co-owners and provides them with the opportunity to extend the date if desired. 
         [0011]    Finally, collaboration groups, by their nature, may act as a collection point, a container, for the artifacts of the collaboration. For instance, the collaboration group&#39;s blogs, wikis, forums, media galleries, etc. may be filled with images, videos, thoughts, produced written works, etc. that constitute the work product of the collaborative effort. Furthermore, this work product may provide lasting value not only to the members of the collaboration group, but also to a broader community of users. As a result, an aspect of the present invention allows co-owners of the collaboration group to archive the collaboration group in a read-only state once the collaboration has finished. The co-owners may then decide whether the archived read-only version may be accessed by (a) the co-owners only, (b) the co-owners and members of the collaboration group, or (c) any user in the system. 
         [0012]    The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one or more embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0013]    A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended drawings, in which: 
           [0014]      FIG. 1  is a partially schematic diagram of a system for group collaboration in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0015]      FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating an exemplary process for group collaboration in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and 
           [0016]      FIGS. 3 through 19  are displays of exemplary graphical user interfaces configured to facilitate the process of group collaboration illustrated by  FIG. 2  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
       [0017]    Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent same or analogous features or elements of the invention. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0018]    Reference will now be made in detail to presently preferred embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment may be used on another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. 
         [0019]    Collaboration between user-created groups in social networking applications has never been fully realized in a way that mimics the way groups collaborate in the offline world. In the offline world, when two groups collaborate, they do so within the context of a distinct collaboration—that is, around an event or a project—and the life of the collaboration is often shorter than the life of one or both constituent groups. Each of the component groups continues to exist as a fixed, bounded entity with its own goals, activities, members, and leaders. For example, a group, such as the American Cancer Society, and a group, like the Livestrong Foundation, may join in order to collaborate on an event promoting Men&#39;s Cancer Awareness Week. Leaders of each of these groups are likely to act as leaders of the Cancer Awareness Week initiative, and members of each of the constituent organizations will fill in the ranks of the collaboration. However, in this representative case outside the offline world, neither the American Cancer Society nor the Livestrong Foundation is forced to fundamentally alter its own leadership, membership, focus, or activities—they exist unmolested and able to co-exist alongside the collaboration without being consumed by it. 
         [0020]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , system  100  comprises at least one computer  102  operatively connected to a server  104  via a wide area network (“WAN”)  106 , such as the Internet. Computer  102  comprises a processing device  108  and memory  110 . Likewise, server  104  comprises a processing device  112  and memory  114 . It should be understood that computer  102  and server  104  may comprise additional components, including input devices such as a keyboard  116 . Those of ordinary skill in the art should appreciate that computer  102  may be replaced by a mobile device, such as a cellular phone or personal data assistant, comprising its own processing device and memory. It should be further understood that system  100  may comprise additional components, such as one or more of computer  118 . 
         [0021]    Either of processing devices  108  and  112  may be a processor, microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, or other circuitry. Memory  110  and  114  may be any type of memory or computer-readable medium as long as it is capable of being accessed by respective processing devices  108  and  112 , including random access memory (“RAM”), read-only memory (“ROM”), erasable programmable ROM (“EPROM”) or electrically EPROM (“EEPROM”), CD-ROM, DVD, or other optical disk storage, solid state drive (“SSD”), magnetic disk storage, including floppy or hard drives, any type of non-volatile memories, such as secure digital (“SD”), flash memory, memory stick, or any other medium, in existence now or hereafter, that may be used to carry or store computer program code in the form of computer-executable programs, instructions, or data. Each of processing devices  108  and  112  may also include a portion of memory accessible only to the processing device, commonly referred to as “cache.” 
         [0022]    Each of memories  110  and  114  comprises computer-executable program code or instructions that when executed by the respective processing device perform one or more steps of the processes described in more detail below and as shown in the attached figures. Additionally, when executed by the respective processing device, the computer-executable program code or instructions display one or more of the exemplary graphical user interfaces described below and shown in the attached figures. Each of memories  110  and  114  may also comprise one or more data structures for storing information. The computer-executable program code or instructions in this scenario, as should be known to those skilled in the art, usually include one or more application programs, other program modules, program data, firmware, and/or an operating system. Computer-executable program code or instructions may also be stored within the cache of processing devices  108  and  112 . 
         [0023]      FIG. 2  illustrates an exemplary process for group collaboration in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The process involves the actions of a first user tasked with the administration of a first group (“Group A”) and the actions of a second user tasked with the administration of a second group (“Group B”). Referring additionally to  FIG. 1 , the actions performed by the first user are effected by computer  102 , while the actions performed by the second user are effected by computer  118 . As explained below, server  104  accomplishes certain tasks, as well. Those of ordinary skill in the art should appreciate that all the actions described below may be performed by a single computer or server. That is, it should be understood that either computer  102  or server  104  may carry out all the actions described below. Additionally, side  200  of  FIG. 2  represents some of the actions performed by the first user, while side  202  represents some of the actions performed by the second user. Reference is also made to  FIGS. 3 through 18  throughout the following description of the actions performed by each user in order to provide examples of a graphical user interface (“GUI”) configured to facilitate each action. 
         [0024]    At step  206 , the first user (also referred to as “Group A Owner”) logs into system  100 , which may include logging into and being authenticated by a webpage configured for use by the first user and hosted by server  104 . The first user then searches for another group. This may be accomplished by searching for the other group using a search engine at step  208  or by browsing for another group using a group directory at step  210 . 
         [0025]      FIG. 3  illustrates an exemplary GUI  300  displaying the results of a search performed to identify possible groups with which to collaborate. GUI  300  comprises a results area  302  setting forth the members or groups corresponding to the search performed by the first user. The results area  302  comprises at least one result  304  that identifies a member or group. Each individual result  304  comprises one or more buttons or hyperlinks, which allow the first user to join a group (via hyperlink  306 ), start a conversation with the user or group owner represented by the result (via hyperlink  308 ) or invite the member or group to collaborate (via hyperlink  310 ). In this embodiment, the user has narrowed the results of the search to groups only by selecting a group selection area  312 . Additionally, the user may perform another search for other groups by entering the applicable search terms into a search box  314  and activating a search button  316 . 
         [0026]    In this example, the first user locates the group administered by the second user (also referred to as “Group B Owner”). At step  212 , system  100  displays Group B′s main page to the first user via computer  102 . In this regard,  FIG. 4A  illustrates an exemplary GUI  400  for displaying a webpage associated with a specific group. GUI  400  may be accessed in a number of ways. For example, the GUI  400  associated with a specific group may be accessed when the corresponding group result  304  is selected from search results area  302  of  FIG. 3  or selected from the group director at step  210 . GUI  400  provides information about the selected group, such as identifying its members in a member list area  402 , setting forth the recent discussions made by the group in a group discussion area  404 , and displaying the name and other information about the group in a group information area  406 . GUI  400  may comprise other areas, such as an invitation or project request area  408  where the group may request other members or groups to participate in a project or collaboration group. GUI  400  also includes hyperlinks or buttons  306 ,  308 , and  310 , as described above. 
         [0027]      FIG. 4B  illustrates an exemplary GUI  408  configured to allow a user tasked with administration of a group to configure or change the group&#39;s settings. GUI  408  comprises a name box  410 , a description box  412 , a type selection radio group  414 , a group category dropdown  416 , a collaboration setting  418 , and a save button  420 . The user may change the title of the group using name box  410  and may change the description of the group by using description box  412 . Using type selection radio group  414 , the user can decide whether the group is public or private. That is, the user may select whether the group is “open membership” (allowing any user registered with system  100  to join the group), “closed membership” (allowing any registered user to view the group but requiring each user to be approved before joining the group), or “private” (preventing any users other than members of the group to access the group page and requiring each user to be approved before joining the group) via radio group  414 . The user may assign the group to a category by selecting an applicable category from category dropdown  416 . Categories allow a user to organize a collaboration group by topic, such as “animal preservation,” corresponding or relating to a topic or interest of the collaboration group. In a preferred embodiment, the user can decide whether the group is available to collaborate with other groups and/or users in a collaboration group or project by selecting collaboration setting  418 . Any changes the user makes to the group&#39;s settings or profile are saved when the user activates save button  420 . 
         [0028]    At step  212 , system  100  presents the first user with hyperlink  310  ( FIGS. 3 and 4 ) labeled “Invite to Collaborate.” In order to invite the second group to participate in a collaboration group or project, the first user activates hyperlink  310  using computer  102  via either GUI  300  or  400 . At step  214 , system  100  presents a form configured to allow the first user to provide details to the second group regarding the nature of the requested collaboration. For example,  FIG. 5  illustrates an exemplary GUI  500  for inviting a group to join a collaboration group. GUI  500  comprises a group selection box  502 , a collaboration selection area  504 , a message area  506 , and an activation button  508 . Collaboration selection area  504  comprises a collaboration title freeform text box  510  and a collaboration selection dropdown  512 . The collaboration selection dropdown  512  contains a list of projects that may be of interest to both parties. When a user activates hyperlink  310  ( FIGS. 3 and 4 ), GUI  500  is displayed. The user selects a group for which the user is responsible that is to participate in the collaboration using group selection box  502 . For instance, “My Group A” is a group for which the user accessing GUI  500  is responsible, as illustrated in  FIG. 5 . The first user then selects a collaboration group/project using collaboration selection area  504 . That is, if the first user desires to create a new collaboration group or project, the user provides a title for the collaboration group/project in collaboration title freeform text box  510 . Otherwise, the first user selects a preexisting collaboration group/project using collaboration selection dropdown  512 . The first user then provides any additional information to be sent to the second group using message area  506 . Once GUI  500  is complete, the first user selects activation button  508  at step  214 . 
         [0029]    Depending on the first user&#39;s configuration, other exemplary GUIs may be presented to the user in place of GUI  500 . For instance, if the first user is not currently an administrator for any group, GUI  600  ( FIG. 6 ) is presented to the user. For this reason, GUI  600  does not include group selection box  502  ( FIG. 5 ). If the first user is a member or admin of a group but is not currently participating in any collaboration groups or projects, GUI  700  ( FIG. 7 ) is presented to the user. For this reason, GUI  700  does not include collaboration selection dropdown  512 . It should be understood that the first user still has the ability to create a collaboration group or project using collaboration title freeform text box  510 . If the first user is currently neither part of a group nor participating in any collaboration groups or projects, system  100  presents GUI  800  ( FIG. 8 ) to the first user via computer  102 . 
         [0030]    In another embodiment, the form presented by system  100  and configured to allow the first user to invite another group to participate in a collaboration group or project is configured to allow the user to define a collaboration space. Referring to  FIG. 9 , for instance, GUI  900  comprises areas  502  and  506  and button  508  as described above with respect to  FIG. 5 . However, GUI  900  further comprises a template selection area  902  configured to allow the first user to define a collaboration space. A previous selection area  904  of GUI  900  allows the user to select from preexisting templates or collaboration spaces with which the first user has previously been associated. A new selection area  906  allows the user to define a new template or collaboration space. The first user may supply a name for the new collaboration space using a title textbox  908 .  FIG. 10  illustrates a GUI  1000  similar to GUI  900  but demonstrating the selection of new selection area  906 . 
         [0031]      FIG. 11  illustrates a GUI  1100  presented by system  100  informing the first user that the invitation described above has been transmitted to the second group. 
         [0032]    At step  216 , system  100  sends the collaboration invitation via computer  118 , for example, to the second user tasked with administration of the identified group, i.e., the Group B Owner. The invitation includes the details regarding the nature of the requested collaboration as explained above. At step  218 , Group B Owner receives the collaboration invitation and decides whether to accept the invitation. Referring to  FIG. 12 , for example, a GUI  1200  is presented to the second user. GUI  1200  is configured to present any pending invitations directed to the second user. In this example, for instance, multiple invitations  1202 ,  1204 , and  1206  are presented to the second user, although it should be understood that the second user may not be presented with any invitations or may be presented with a single invitation when using GUI  1200 . 
         [0033]    Each of invitations  1202 ,  1204 , and  1206  comprises a sender section  1208 , a recipient section  1210 , an invitation section  1212 , a message section  1214 , an accept button  1216 , and a decline button  1218 . Sender section  1208  identifies the user and/or the group from which the invitation originated. The recipient section  1210  identifies the user and/or group to which the invitation was directed, which will generally be the second user or a group administered by the second user. Invitation section  1214  indicates that the invitation is to request participation in a collaboration group or project and identifies the name of the group or project. Message section  1214  sets forth any message created by system  100  and/or created or modified by the first user, thereby providing the second user with information about the invitation and/or the desired collaboration group or project. The second user may accept an invitation by selecting accept button  1216  or may decline an invitation by selecting decline button  1218 . 
         [0034]    If the second owner declines the invitation at step  218 , process flow proceeds to step  220 . In one embodiment, system  100  presents the second owner with a form configured to allow the second user to send a message to the first user explaining why the invitation to collaborate was not accepted. Referring to  FIG. 13 , for instance, a GUI  1300  is configured to provide the second user with the ability to explain the rationale or provide a reason the invitation from the first user was declined. GUI  1300  comprises a reason dropdown box  1302 , a reason text area  1304 , and a send button  1306 . Reason dropdown box  1302  allows the second user to select a predefined reason or a category of reason why the invitation was declined. For instance, dropdown box  1302  may include reasons the recipient group is unable to collaborate, such as the teacher or students within the group are engaged in a foreign exchange program or sabbatical and are out of the country. Reason text area  1304  allows the second user to create a message to the first user explaining the rationale or reason the invitation was declined. Activation of send button  1306  transmits the information contained within GUI  1300  to the first user as described in more detail below. 
         [0035]    If the second user decides to send the message, system  100  transmits the message to the first user at step  222 . If so, the first user receives the message containing an explanation of why the invitation to collaborate was declined and the process terminates at step  222 . 
         [0036]    If the second user accepts the invitation at step  218  by selecting accept button  1216  ( FIG. 12 ), process flow proceeds to step  224 , where system  100  generates a new collaboration group. System  100  makes the first and second users co-owners of the new collaboration group and sends a message to each owner confirming the creation of the group and providing a hyperlink to the new collaboration group. At step  226 , system  100  also sends messages to each of the new collaboration group&#39;s members containing a link to the new collaboration group. Additionally, system  100  adds the new group to each owners&#39; and members&#39; “My Groups” roster, so that each user can keep track of the collaboration group or project. Referring to  FIG. 14 , for instance, a GUI  1400  is configured to provide the first and second users with the information described above. GUI  1400  comprises a message  1402  that includes a hyperlink  1404  to the newly created collaboration space, as well as one or more hyperlinks  1406  to help the co-owners get started. For instance, these links may be configured to navigate the users to webpages or documents established to facilitate creation and activation of the collaboration group. That is, the links may direct the users to a collaboration instruction guide, to a collaboration group frequently asked questions list, or to a help area or forum. 
         [0037]    At step  228 , the first user is able to invite additional members to the new collaboration group via computer  102 . At step  230 , the second user is likewise able to invite additional members to the new collaboration group via computer  118 . Process flow then proceeds to step  240  where system  100  is configured to allow the groups (Group A and Group B) to collaborate. 
         [0038]      FIG. 15  illustrates an exemplary GUI  1500  configured to facilitate collaboration by the groups within the new collaboration group or project. GUI  1500  comprises a title bar  1502 , a synopsis area  1504 , a group identification area  1506 , a functional selection area  1508 , a discussion area  1510 , and a member identification area  1512 . Title bar  1502  indicates the name of the collaboration group or project, while synopsis area  1504  provides a brief overview of the goal or objective of the group or project. Group identification area  1506  identifies the groups that are members of the collaboration group or project. Functional selection area  1508  allows members of the group to navigate to other sections of the project space in order to utilize other technology, such as blogs and wikis, and to upload multimedia, such as photographs and videos, or documents and other material for use by members of the group/project. Discussion area  1510  reflects an ongoing discussion by the members of the group, and member identification area  1512  identifies the current members of the collaboration group or project. 
         [0039]    It should be understood that GUI  1500  may include additional components, such as locations  1514  and  1516  configured to present and display advertisements to the users. GUI  1500  may further comprise a search box  1518  in order to allow a user to search for other members, groups, collaboration groups, projects, or other components of system  100 . GUI  1500  may also comprise hyperlinks  1520  and  1522 . Hyperlink  1520  is configured to allow a user to save the current configuration of the collaboration space, while hyperlink  1522  is configured to navigate the user to a portion of system  100  where the user can post a request for an item, service, information, or other material. If the current user is a co-owner of the collaboration group, hyperlink  1524  becomes accessible. Hyperlink  1524  allows the co-owner of the collaboration group to edit the settings and configurations for the project space, as described below. As should be appreciated, GUI  1500  may comprise additional components, such as a taskbar  1526  providing the user with access to other aspects of system  100 . 
         [0040]      FIG. 16  illustrates a GUI  1600  configured to allow each co-owner of a project space to edit the space&#39;s settings. In this embodiment, GUI  1600  is accessed when the co-owner activates hyperlink  1524  ( FIG. 15 ). GUI  1600  comprises a title box  1602 , a text box  1604 , type selection radio buttons  1606 , a category selection  1608 , a collaboration setting  1610 , a close box  1612 , and a save button  1614 . The co-owner may change the title of the collaboration project using title box  1602  or the synopsis/description of the project using text box  1604 . Using type selection radio buttons  1606 , the co-owner can determine whether the collaboration group or project is “open participation” (allowing any member of system  100  to participate in the collaboration group), “closed participation” (allowing any member of system  100  to view the group or project but requiring each member to be approved before participating), or “private” (allowing only members that are already part of the collaboration group or project to participate). Category selection  1608  allows the co-owner to assign the project space to a category for organization purposes, as explained above. Collaboration setting  1610  allows the co-owner to select whether the collaboration group or project is also available for collaboration with other groups or projects. Either co-owner may close the collaboration group or project by selecting close box  1612 . After making any changes or modifications described above, the co-owner saves the changes and settings by activating save button  1614 . GUI  1600  comprises other components similar to those described above with respect to GUI  1500  of  FIG. 15 . 
         [0041]    The description that follows provides a specific example of the use of system  100  in order to collaborate in an educational context. Sally Smith is a ninth grade biology teacher in Louisiana who has an online social networking-style group for each of her six classes. Each of her students is a member of their period&#39;s class group, and Ms. Smith is the owner of each group. Ms. Smith is interested in finding another biology class in a different part of the country with whom her class can collaborate on a project around local habitats. Through her search, she discovers Mr. Sanchez&#39;s ninth grade biology class in Oregon. By viewing the content on Mr. Sanchez&#39;s class&#39;s group page, she sees that they too are interested in studying local habitats. Ms. Smith sends an invitation to Mr. Sanchez, in order to let him know of her interest in forming a collaboration group with his class. Mr. Sanchez sees the value in such collaboration but does not want outside students added to his classroom group. He feels this would be inappropriate for many reasons, such as whether it is a potential security violation against his own school&#39;s Internet use policy. However, in the presently-described embodiment, if Mr. Sanchez accepts the invitation, no members would be added to his group or to his school&#39;s system, but rather, a new collaboration group would be created purely for the purpose of this collaboration. Accordingly, Mr. 
         [0042]    Sanchez accepts Ms. Smith&#39;s invitation. System  100  sends both teachers a message welcoming them into their new collaboration group. Next, both teachers activate the hyperlink in their respective message and are directed to their new collaboration group by system  100 . Both teachers are listed as co-owners of the new group, which has the name of the “Local Habitats Project,” as suggested by Ms. Smith in the invitation. Additionally, the students from the teachers&#39; respective classes are also now part of the new group. However, the students are identified as members of the new collaboration group, not as owners. Both classrooms and groups in their respective systems remained unchanged. That is, Ms. Smith&#39;s class and Mr. Sanchez&#39;s class on their respective school systems remain unchanged. The homepage or log-in screen configured for use by Mr. Sanchez now includes the “Local Habitats Project” group listed in his “My Groups” area alongside his original class group and all of the other groups he had already been a part of. 
         [0043]    The description that follows provides a specific example of the use of system  100  in order to collaborate in a social networking context. Two hypothetical “environmentally focused” groups on a social networking site—the DC Greens group and the Northern Virginians for Clean Air (“NVCA”) group—are both interested in similar causes. The DC Greens leader and group owner, Sarah, wants to promote an awareness campaign in the nation&#39;s capital called “Get On Board” to encourage area residents to take public transportation. She realizes that her group alone is not enough to pull off a campaign as large as what she has envisioned. She needs help and wants to look for other local like-minded groups to help. She searches the social networking website and finds the NVCA group. In this example, NVCA is a far larger group than the DC Greens. This concerns Sarah, because she does not want to be overwhelmed or to lose control of her idea or group. Upon further investigation, Sarah sees that by inviting NVCA to collaborate she would not be required to invite all its members to join her DC Greens relatively smaller group. She realizes that, instead, she can create a new collaboration group just for this collaboration. Accordingly, she invites the NVCA group to the collaboration group by activating the “Invite to collaborate” hyperlink described above. She includes a description of what she hopes to accomplish and sends the invitation. System  100  transmits a message to the NVCA group owner, Paul. In this example, Paul has been thinking that the DC area needs a campaign like the “Get On Board” campaign, so he accepts the invitation. Upon Paul&#39;s acceptance, the social networking system creates the “Get On Board” group or project, identifying both Sarah and Paul as the group owners. Sarah and Paul then connect through on-site messaging to discuss their plans and strategy for adding members of their existing groups to the new collaboration group. It should be understood that Paul and Sarah may invite individual members from their respective groups at this time or may invite their entire respective groups. It should be further understood that, regardless of which members join the new collaborative group, the original groups remain unchanged. 
         [0044]    Once the “Get On Board” campaign has been completed, Sarah and Paul decide that they would like to dissolve the “Get On Board” group, which they do using system  100 . Sarah and Paul continue to administer/own the DC Greens and NVCA groups, respectively. All the members of the original groups that became members of the “Get On Board” group remain as members of those original groups. 
         [0045]      FIG. 17  illustrates an exemplary GUI for creating a group. In the Project Collaboration area of the GUI, the group creator may select the radio button labeled “Yes” to enable the group to participate in collaborations or collaboration groups. Otherwise, the group creator may select the “No” option so that the group is not available for collaboration. Activating the checkbox labeled “Advanced Options” navigates the group creator to the exemplary GUI illustrated by  FIG. 18 . 
         [0046]      FIG. 18  illustrates an exemplary GUI presented when the “Advanced Options” checkbox is selected using the GUI described above with respect to  FIG. 17 . Selecting the “All Projects” radio button under the “Project Group Collaboration Options” via the GUI enables the group to collaborate on all projects in the system. Alternatively, selecting the “Only Selected Projects” radio button enables the group creator to select which projects associated with the creator and/or the group that the group will be able to collaborate. Selecting this radio button causes the exemplary GUI illustrated by  FIG. 19  to be presented to the group creator. 
         [0047]    Referring to  FIG. 19 , once the “Only Selected Projects” radio button is selected, the GUI presents a checkbox, a title, and a “learn more” hyperlink for each identified project. The title identifies the corresponding project, while selecting the associated checkbox enables the group to collaborate with respect to the project. Hovering the mouse pointer and/or selecting the “learn more” hyperlink causes the GUI to present additional information corresponding to the identified project to the user. The additional information may be presented by any manner understood by those in the art, such as a pop-up box or by navigating to a different webpage. 
         [0048]    It should be understood to those of ordinary skill in the art that the above description discloses a process for group collaboration in an educational or social networking environment that does not impair or compromise the structure or organization of the original or underlying groups. It should be further understood that other methods of group collaboration or sequences of actions for group collaboration are contemplated by the process described above without departing from the scope of the present invention. For instance, a collaborative group may be initiated or established prior to requesting preexisting groups to join the collaboration group. Alternatively, one group may establish a collaborative group and then request other groups to join. Once dissolved, the collaborative group does not affect or compromise the structure of the original groups, which remain intact. 
         [0049]    While one or more preferred embodiments of the invention have been described above, it should be understood that any and all equivalent realizations of the present invention are included within the scope and spirit thereof. The embodiments depicted are presented by way of example only and are not intended as limitations upon the present invention. Thus, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in this art that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments since modifications can be made. Therefore, it is contemplated that any and all such embodiments are included in the present invention as may fall within the scope and spirit thereof.