Abstract:
An automatic procedure for locating actuator addresses on a bus system is revealed. The actuators may be identical except for their physical position, and thus their function and address on a bus system that controls and powers the actuators. Because their functions are different, the control system can determine which actuator is in which location, and thus locate the address for each actuator on the bus. Each actuator may then receive and act upon commands from the control system appropriate to its location and function. As a result, a manufacturer or dealer can stock a single actuator, rather than many actuators. Several such actuators would otherwise have to be manufactured and stocked separately, even though the only difference between them might be an installed software or firmware program to identify and control each actuator. Additionally, fewer wires may be required in harnesses to control the actuators.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    Modern automobiles have many electrical accessories and devices for providing transportation and comfort to passengers. Every solenoid, motor, and actuator in an automobile must be subject to the control of the operator or an operating system of the vehicle and must have a way to receive electrical power. This need for both power and control can rapidly lead to a profusion of wires and wire harnesses throughout the vehicle. Part of the profusion problem can be solved by placing some electrical devices on a bus, typically a wiring harness connected to a plurality of devices rather than a single device.  
           [0002]    Another aspect of the situation is that such an accessory or a system in an automobile may have a plurality of a single part, such as a number of identical motors or actuators on a bus. That is, a number of actuators may be tied together on a bus, each located in a different physical location, each with its own function peculiar to its location. Because the parts or the actuators are identical, it may be wasteful to manufacture and stock a plurality of part numbers, each part number comprising an actuator and a software program embedded in an electronic device within the actuator, and containing the operating instructions needed for that actuator to function in one particular location. Even though the parts are physically identical, each actuator differs in its need for unique software or controls according to its location and function. It would be desirable to manufacture and stock only a single actuator with a standard program embedded, rather than a plurality of actuators that differ only in the installed software or firmware, and the actuator&#39;s functional position in the automobile. Each actuator also needs to select the proper bits from the command bitstream on the bus, and thus each actuator needs to know its address on the bus.  
           [0003]    The present invention is directed to an improved procedure for determining the location or address of an actuator in an automobile system without unnecessary wiring and without the burden of manufacturing, purchasing and stocking a plurality of actuators which differ only in their installed software for a particular functional position in the automobile.  
         BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0004]    The present invention provides a method for determining the address of an actuator controlled by a system bus. The method includes identifying end-stops for the actuator by exercising the actuator. The address of each actuator is then determined by its end-stops, which also identifies the physical location of the actuator. The purpose is to use a single actuator in a plurality of applications or positions, rather than a multitude of actuators. The end-stops may be identified in several ways. In one embodiment, the actuator is exercised and the end stops are identified using their absolute position. In another embodiment, the end stops are identified using their position relative to some reference or standard. The method may also include installing the actuator as part of a system, the system typically having several actuators.  
           [0005]    An embodiment is a positioning system or apparatus in which there is a plurality of actuators and a control bus connected to the actuators. Each actuator has unique end-stops, and the address of each actuator in the control bus may be determined through its end-stops. One embodiment is such an apparatus used for heating and cooling a motor vehicle, that is, a heating and air-conditioning system for an automobile or a truck. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0006]    [0006]FIG. 1 is a prior art actuation system  
         [0007]    [0007]FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the invention.  
         [0008]    [0008]FIG. 3 is a block diagram depicting relative positioning data.  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 4 is a flow chart for a method of determining an address.  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 5 is a block diagram depicting absolute positioning data.  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 6 depicts linear actuators on a bus system.  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 7 is an embodiment of a positioning system with a wireless bus.  
         [0013]    [0013]FIGS. 8 and 9 are block diagrams of other embodiments according to the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0014]    [0014]FIG. 1 depicts a prior art system for actuation, such as one useful for the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system of an automobile. An actuation or positioning apparatus  10  includes a control panel  12 , such as an operator interface, and a control unit  14 , such as a controller or a microprocessor controller. The controller controls a plurality of actuators,  16 ,  26  and  36 . Each actuator is linked to the control unit by a wiring harness for control and for power. Actuator  16  links to the control unit for power to motor  18  through wiring harness  22  and for control and feedback  20  through  4 -wire wiring harness  24 . Actuators  26  and  36  are similarly situated, with power harnesses  32  and  42  for motors  28  and  38  respectively. Actuator  26  may have a voltage-divider feedback device  30  connected mechanically to actuator travel and fed back to the control unit via wiring harness  34 . Feedback device  40  also uses a 3-wire harness  44  for communication to controller  14 . In this example, it requires  6  harnesses and at least  16  wires to control three actuators.  
         [0015]    Another disadvantage may lie in the circumstance in which the actuators themselves are identical, except for the location of the actuators in the apparatus, such as a heating/ventilating apparatus. Each actuator may require only a different control or different program in order to function in its proper location. If there are three identical actuators, such as door actuators used in an apparatus, and all three require different programs, the manufacturer, the dealer, and the mechanic do not want to make or stock three different actuators. Rather, they would prefer to stock one actuator, and download the correct program into the actuator when it is installed. In addition, it is desirable to use a control bus, that is, a single harness for both control and power to all the actuators of such an apparatus.  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 2 illustrates the desired situation. An environmental system for a motor vehicle includes an operator panel  50 , a control unit  66 , a wiring harness  68 , and a positioning system  70 . In this embodiment, the positioning system  70  includes three doors and three door actuators  72 ,  74  and  76 , for choosing between recirculated air and fresh air, conditioned air and non-conditioned air, and circulation of the air to a higher or lower location, that is, for defrost or floor circulation. The controller sets the positions of the actuators in response to operator instructions. These instructions may be indicated through components of the operator panel, including a system on/off switch  52 , a temperature setting  54 , air conditioning on/off switch  56 , desired direction of circulation  58 , recirculation on/off  60 , and defrost setting  62 . These settings and controls are exemplary; others may be used.  
         [0017]    In FIG. 2, a two-wire harness is used for the control system or bus. If the three exemplary actuators are all different, the problems of control are relatively simple. Each actuator will have a unique address on the bus and instructions from the controller or microcontroller or microprocessor will be easily given and as easily read by the actuator or its control element. In the situation where all three actuators are identical, however, the problem is more difficult, because each actuator may have slightly different functions, and it is generally undesirable to store different directions or instructions separately before installation.  
         [0018]    In one embodiment of the invention, an actuator is installed in a positioning apparatus, such as an environmental system for a motor vehicle. The situation is depicted in FIG. 3, in which the positioning system  80  has three actuators  81 ,  82  and  83 , all controlled through a bus line  84 . Each actuator has a different amount of travel, or in actuation terms, each actuator has different end-stops. Upon installation, a controller gives a special command, such as “initial addresses”. Upon this command, each actuator travels its full travel, and notes its end-stops. The example in FIG. 3 depicts a situation in which the first actuator  81  has a range of 60 angular degrees, while the second actuator  82  has a range of 90 angular degrees, and the third actuator  83  has a range of 150 angular degrees. After exercising this travel, each actuator then determines its end stops and assigns an address to each actuator that did not previously have an address assigned. The controller may also then download to such an actuator a control program or a portion of a control program for its assigned address/location.  
         [0019]    The difference in end-stops or travel for each actuator must be sufficient for easy differentiation by feedback sensors, encoders, step-counters, current integrators, timers, and the like. In general, differentiation by electronic methods is far more accurate than mechanical ones. For instance, an electric motor running at 1800 rpm will go through many revolutions in causing a ballscrew nut or rotary actuator to traverse a few thousandths of an inch or a few minutes of an angle. Nevertheless, manufacturing tolerances and system performance must be respected when designing a positioning system utilizing the present invention. The differences in end-stops must be readily apparent to the actuators or devices used.  
         [0020]    The actuators used may have controllers or microprocessor controllers not using firm-ware type EPROMs or EEPROMs, but rather using only RAM (random access memory), causing them to loose all data and the address if the vehicle battery is disconnected. Therefore, it may be necessary for the vehicle controller to go through the “initial addresses” or “initialize” sequence every time the vehicle battery is disconnected or the actuator RAM looses power.  
         [0021]    In another embodiment, the control unit may compare the travel data from each actuator to data indicating the location of the actuator, as part of the step of determining the addresses. If the data do not match, the actuator may be re-assigned to its new location by the control unit, and re-programmed as necessary for the new location. In this manner, actuators that are interchangeable will remain so, without extensive re-programming.  
         [0022]    The method is depicted in FIG. 4. An actuator is installed at  85  in a positioning system, such as an environmental control system. An installer or controller gives a command such as “initial addresses” or “initialize,” or similar command at  86 . The actuator exercises its travel in response to the command, identifies its end stops, and then compares the relative or absolute end stop positions for all the locations in the system, and determines the location of the actuator at  87 , and thus its address on a bus. When the actuator reports its known address/location, the controller can download data appropriate for the functioning of the actuator in its location at  88 . The install sequence then ends at  89  and returns the controller, the actuator, and the system to normal operation. Note that the “install” phase need only take place once, not every time, and that this method may also be used every time the controller loses memory, not merely upon the first installation.  
         [0023]    The download portion of the method may take on many forms. In one preferred method, the software for each possible location is loaded into each actuator manufactured, divided into separately addressable locations within memory and a control device portion of the actuator. Upon determining the address of the actuator, the system controller instructs the actuator to use a particular program within its memory, and not to use others. The selected program then instructs the actuator as to which bits to select from a bitstream from the controller via the control bus, and how to respond to these commands, according to the program selected. In other embodiments, an entire control program or sequence may be loaded into the appropriate portion of the actuator from a system controller. This method, however, would have less control over the long term, and may lend itself to problems at least with traceability, if not updating.  
         [0024]    The feedback from the actuator may take many forms. In FIG. 3, the data took the form of angular feedback in a relative form, rather than an absolute form. The angle may be measured in many ways, including the time for the motor to drive the distance between end stops, the number of revolutions of an encoder on the shaft of the motor or an element of the actuator, current integration over time on a capacitor, step counts on a stepper motor, the number of times an AC waveform passes through zero (for an AC motor), and so on.  
         [0025]    In other situations, less data is needed when absolute values are used for exercising and positioning the actuators. A positioning system  95  may have its actuators installed in such a manner that its end stops are as shown in FIG. 5. Actuator  96  is installed such that its end stops are between about +30 and −30 angular degrees, rather than merely looking for a 60 angular degree difference. Actuator  97  has end stops at about −30 degrees and 135 degrees, rather than merely a 165-degree difference. Actuator  98  has 60-degree angular difference, and its end stops are between zero degrees and 90 degrees. Using this absolute positioning data, it is straightforward to distinguish between the position of actuators  96 ,  97  and  98 . The actuator may determine its address for absolute data in the same manner as for relative data, with the proviso that absolute positioning may require less data than relative positioning, perhaps only one uniquely-identifiable end-stop rather than two, to identify itself to the controller.  
         [0026]    In another embodiment, the “zero” or reference position may be used along with the end stops to measure a differential, that is a difference between an end stop and the zero or reference position, so long as the reference is within the end-stops of an individual actuator, such as actuators  96 ,  97 ,  98 . In this way, a differential is measured between a reference and an end stop. In some embodiments, this also may be sufficient to distinguish between actuators.  
         [0027]    Another embodiment of a positioning system  100  with actuators on a bus is shown in FIG. 6, which depicts three linear actuators  104 ,  114 ,  124 . The linear actuators may have linear axes  106 ,  116 ,  126  on which element  108 ,  118 ,  128  traverses, in response to a command from the actuator, responding to the system controller (not shown) though bus  102 . In one embodiment, the linear axis may be a ballscrew and the traversing element may be a ballscrew nut. The traversing of the nut causes a part mechanically linked thereto to move in response to commands from a controller.  
         [0028]    The invention is thus not limited to the rotary actuators shown earlier, but may encompass linear actuators, actuators acting on a cam surface for traverse in more than one plane, and other actuators known to those skilled in the art. Embodiments may also include a ring-bus system, in which the last actuator connects to the controller for feedback or other purposes.  
         [0029]    Another way to practice the invention is a wireless bus, in which the actuators receive power from one source and commands from another source, such as an infrared or other wireless communication method. Such busses may come from a variety of technologies, including “Bluetooth™” wireless technology, owned by Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericcson of Sweden and licensed to Microsoft Corp., and infrared technologies, such as IEEE 1394. A wireless “harness” solves the problem of wire proliferation, but the problem of actuator identification remains, and is solved by practicing the present invention.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 7 illustrates this situation, in which a series of actuators receives power from a bus and commands from a “wireless bus,” that is, remotely. A control panel  132 , such as a user control panel, interfaces with and relays user commands to a control unit  134  having a wireless communicator  135  to actuators  138 ,  158  and  168 . The control unit may be an on-board vehicle computer, or it may be a microprocessor controller dedicated to the positioning system. The control unit then relays commands wirelessly to the individual actuators  138 ,  158 ,  168 . The control unit relays power via power bus  137 . Each actuator is similar or identical to actuator  138 , having a power and control section  140  with a power section  142  and a control section  145  for receiving wireless commands. The control section may include position feedback device  146 , illustrated as a voltage divider, but with other feedback devices possible. The power section may rectify and relay electrical power to motor portion  148  of the actuator.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 8 is another embodiment of a positioning system  131  utilizing a plurality of actuators on a bus. A control panel  132 , such as a user control panel, interfaces with and relays user commands to a control unit  133 . The control unit may be an on-board vehicle computer, or it may be a microprocessor controller dedicated to the positioning system. The control unit then relays commands to the individual actuators  139 ,  159 ,  169  via 2-wire control and power bus  136 . Each actuator is similar or identical to actuator  139 , having a power section  142  and a control section  144 . The control section may include position feedback device  146 , illustrated as a voltage divider, but with other feedback devices possible. The power section may rectify and relay electrical power to motor portion  148  of the actuator.  
         [0032]    Feedback devices are not necessarily limited by the parsimony of wires and data endemic to these embodiments. The data link between the actuator and feedback device need not extend back to the wiring harness or to the control unit for the positioning system. For instance, an encoder or a proximity sensor or even a linear feedback device, such as a slidewire, may use several wires internal to the actuator. All data processing, such as calculation of times, angles, distances, integration of voltage/current over time, etc., etc., may take place within the actuator and its control section. The data may then be converted to a signal, such as at least one 1-bit to N-bit datum that is reported to the controller when it queries the actuator for its position, its end-stops, etc.  
         [0033]    Embodiments are not limited to systems or apparatus having identical actuators or control elements. FIG. 9 depicts an apparatus with two user panels  170 ,  172  and two different types of actuators, some of which are identical and some of which are not. An example is a motor vehicle environmental system with separate controls for a driver and a passenger. In this embodiment, bus  180  links actuators  182 ,  192 ,  202 ,  212 ,  222  to controller  174  and bus logic control  178 . Actuators  182 ,  212  and  222  are identical, and actuators  192  and  202  are also identical but are different from  182 ,  212  and  222 . The difference may be the type of actuator (linear vs. rotary) or any of a host of other differences.  
         [0034]    In this example, actuators  192  and  202  may have an integral sensor  198 ,  208 , for continuously or periodically tracking the position of an actuated element of the actuator. This could be the travel on a ballscrew or the deflection on a rotary actuator. The other actuators do not have sensors, but all the actuators have a control element  184 ,  194 ,  204 ,  214 ,  224 , wherein  194  and  204  are identical but may be different from  184 ,  214  and  224 , which are also identical to each other. As described above, the control element for each actuator tracks the position and location of each actuator, determines its end-stops as required, and receives commands from the controller. When a new actuator is installed, the controller gives an initializing command, and each actuator exercises and determines its end-stops. The controller then compares the reported data to the expected data and assigns a location to the new actuator. As also described above, embodiments may be programmed to repeat this “initializing” sequence whenever the vehicle battery loses power or the actuators are cut-off from power.  
         [0035]    There are also other ways to practice the invention. For example, harnesses of 3 or 4 wires or more may be used rather than 2-wire harnesses. While actuators have been described with integral grounds, shielded harnesses or additional wires for grounding may be used. While the descriptions have focused on passenger automobiles, the method and apparatus will work as well for an environmental system in a truck or boat or in a locomotive, where operator or passenger comfort may provide a sales advantage.  
         [0036]    It is therefore intended that the foregoing description illustrates rather than limits this invention, and that it is the following claims, including all equivalents, which define this invention. Of course, it should be understood that a wide range of changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described above. Accordingly, it is the intention of the applicants to protect all variations and modifications within the valid scope of the present invention. It is intended that the invention be defined by the following claims, including all equivalents.