Abstract:
A metallic container end closure is provided that generally comprises a dispensing opening and a vent opening. The vent opening improves pourability through the dispensing opening and provides an alternative option for consuming the contents of the container. The end closure may include features to ease opening of the vent opening, such as stiffeners and/or vent form features.

Description:
[0001]    This Non-Provisional application claims the benefit of and priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application 62/030,736, filed Jul. 30, 2014, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application 62/152,577, filed Apr. 24, 2015, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present invention relates generally to metallic container end closures, and more particularly, to a vented metallic container end closure with a plurality of openings to provide enhanced flow and pourability. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Generally, the configuration of a container end closure affects the level to which end consumers, as well as bottlers, manufacturers, distributors, shippers, and retailers, are satisfied with a container. One factor believed to be of considerable importance to consumers is the pour characteristics of the container. In general, it is believed that consumers prefer to use containers capable of providing a relatively high and consistent pour rate. Additionally, it is believed consumers prefer containers that provide a smooth or substantially laminar pour, i.e. a pour which is not characterized by a series of surges or “glugging”. 
         [0004]    Many container configurations exist to enhance flow through a container end closure aperture. For example, some containers utilize a single large hole to admit air for venting the dispensed liquid. Examples are provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,210,257; 5,007,554; 4,416,389; 4,148,410; 4,465,204; and 4,361,251; the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Unfortunately, such larger openings tend to be associated with a higher rate of problems such as bursting, buckling, leakage, opening failures and the like, particularly when the contents are pressurized with carbonated beverages such as beer or soda. Additionally, in configurations of large openings coupled with relatively small hinge regions, container leakage and/or separation of the panel and/or other components can be a problem upon opening. In some instances, components have been expelled from the container end closure. Furthermore, such larger openings are often difficult to open or impractical to provide in container end closures which are relatively small. 
         [0005]    In various embodiments, vent features of the present invention allow for ease of opening of a content-dispensing portion of the end closure. For example, a vent feature may be forced open prior to the opening of a primary or content-dispensing opening, thus relieving an internal pressure of the container and allowing for easier scoring and opening of the primary opening. It is also contemplated, however, that the vent feature is provided as an optional and/or secondary feature which is opened subsequent to opening of a primary feature. 
         [0006]    In order to produce a more efficient, controlled flow rate, some containers utilize a tab or additional tool to open two or more pour openings. This increases the flow rate of the beverage and provides better control of the liquid stream. Additionally, a second vent hole may be utilized to depressurize a container, and thus allow for easier opening of the dispensing port. This is especially advantageous for carbonated and malt beverages such as beer. Examples are provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,205,760; 5,307,947; 5,397,014; 6,024,239; 6,079,583; 7,513,383; 7,748,557; and U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2014/0263333, 2010/0294771 and 2011/0056946; the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. However, many prior art end closures with a vent opening may be opened with finger pressure alone and utilize a score residual with a thickness which is prone to prematurely severing, and thus causing leaks or failures during stacking. 
         [0007]    In various known devices, inadvertent depression of a pull tab such as that which may occur during handling, stacking, shipping, etc. may result in inadvertent opening of a vent feature, thus ruining the container and contents. Other vent openings utilize a score with excessive score residual, thus making the vent difficult to open without a secondary tool. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0008]    Thus, there exists a need to provide a container end closure that provides enhanced pour characteristics through an easy-opening vent feature, while minimizing the likelihood of problems such as bursting, buckling, leakage, opening failures, and the like. Further, there exists a need to provide vent openings which can be opened with a portion of the pull tab, yet prevents inadvertent opening and a positive “ball détente” assembly which identifies proper engagement. 
         [0009]    The present invention is generally directed to systems and methods which provide metallic container end closures with a plurality of openings for improved venting and pour characteristics. The present disclosure discusses opening configurations utilizing various numbers, positions, shapes, sizes, and orientations of openings. These configurations are presented herein for description purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. 
         [0010]    In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a metallic container end closure is provided that comprises a primary opening and a secondary vent opening. The number of openings may vary in number, size, shape, location, and orientation. In some embodiments, a primary opening provides an aperture for pouring the contents of the container, and a secondary vent opening provides ventilation for air flow through the end panel for enhancing pouring characteristics. In some embodiments, a single primary dispensing opening is provided, and a plurality of vent openings are provided. The plurality of vent openings may provide apertures to vent the container to enhance product flow out of the dispensing opening, to dispense the product at varying flow rates, to accommodate a straw, and/or to allow multiple consumers to drink out of the same container without contacting the same part of the container end closure. 
         [0011]    In addition to varying the number of openings, the size of the openings may vary. Larger openings may be included in an end closure to provide a consumer with a faster dispensing rate. Smaller openings may be included to provide container venting, thus depressurizing the container and providing enhanced pourability. Additionally, smaller openings may be used to dispense contents at a slower rate, which may be advantageous for children. Smaller openings also may be configured to selectively accommodate straws. Such configurations may be desirable for children as the smaller opening reduces the flow rate during spills and the use of a straw may increase the likelihood that the child will drink the product. In one embodiment, a large dispensing opening for dispensing the product and a small vent opening for venting the container is provided. In another embodiment, a large dispensing opening and a large vent opening is provided. In this embodiment, the consumer has two substantially equivalent dispensing options. 
         [0012]    Various opening shapes are contemplated. For example, the opening shapes may be circular, square, bulbous, triangular, curved, arcuate, oval, and other shapes known in the art. Further, the shapes may be symmetrical or non-symmetrical about an axis that bisects the opening area. The shape of the opening may be chosen based on the desired flow rate and the ease of fracturing an associated score. For example, a score with a triangular shape has a stress concentration at the apex of the triangle, thus reducing the amount of force necessary to fracture the score near the apex. Additionally, a triangular shape will allow an opening tool to focalize the opening force on a smaller area near the apex as opposed to a round score shape. 
         [0013]    The location of the openings on the end closure may vary as well. In some embodiments, a dispensing opening and a vent opening is provided. In these embodiments, the vent opening is selectively located on the container end closure so that when a container is tipped to dispense its contents out of the dispensing opening, the contents do not exit out of the vent opening. This selective location prevents spillage out of the vent opening while dispensing product out of the dispensing opening, and the location increases the smoothness of the pour by providing adequate container venting. 
         [0014]    The orientation of the openings also may vary. In one embodiment, a vent opening is provided on or proximal to a center line of an end closure, the center line generally bisecting the primary opening, a tab provided on the end closure, and the vent opening. The vent opening is positioned within an open area or void in the tab proximal to user-activated end of the tab. The vent is severable and activated by rotating the tab from an original position and depressing a portion of the tab into an upper surface of the vent feature. The vent feature preferably comprises a raised feature or dome to facilitate opening of the vent feature. A portion of the tab may comprise a détente or downwardly extending portion for contacting and opening the vent feature. This allows a consumer to move the pull tab into the proper position for severing the score of the vent opening without needing to visually identify the location of the tab. 
         [0015]    In alternative embodiments, a vent opening is provided offset from a centerline of the closure. Such embodiments include embodiments wherein the vent opening is provided outside of an area defined by a tab when the end closure is provided in a filled and closed state. Although preferred embodiments of the present disclosure comprise a vent opening located on an opposite side of a rivet from a main opening, the present disclosure is not limited to only that embodiment. Rather, it is contemplated that the vent be provided radially offset from such a position, such that a rotation of the tab of between approximately 5 and 120 degrees is required to allow a tail of the tab to contact the vent portion. 
         [0016]    In various embodiments, end closures are contemplated which comprise a stiffening bead or a local vent recess to assure sufficient stiffness within the metal surrounding the vent, thus assuring ease of opening. Local vent recesses comprise a deboss or recess provided on an end closure, wherein the vent is provided within or proximal to the vent recess. Vent recesses of the present disclosure may be provided in any number of locations, including within a main deboss, external to a main deboss, or provided as an extension to a main deboss. As used herein, a main deboss generally refers to a deboss on a central panel and within which at least a main opening area and a rivet are provided. Such main deboss features include, but are not limited to Stolle-type debosses. 
         [0017]    In various embodiments, the present disclosure comprises an end closure with a vent opening and/or a vent score line having a preferred geometry. Such embodiments contemplate the vent score being provided in any number of positions, including underneath a tail of a tab when a container is in a closed position, or alternatively positioned off-set from the tab when the container is in a closed position. In certain embodiments, a vent is provided comprising a non-circular vent score line. For example, in certain embodiments, a vent is provided with a score line comprising a generally elongate or flat oval form. In preferred embodiments, the generally elongate oval comprises substantially parallel opposing portions and arcuate, mirrored, opposing portions. Furthermore, the hinge point of the vent opening may be positioned in a variety of locations, including proximate to the side next to the rivet, proximate to the peripheral curl or on either end of the oval. 
         [0018]    In various embodiments, end closures are provided comprising a vent opening feature, the vent opening feature comprising a vent score line and an upstanding contact feature provided at least partially within the vent score line. In certain embodiments, the upstanding contact feature comprises a domed member provided on a vent panel, the domed member suitable for contacting with a portion of a tab such as the tail and/or bead of a tab. Such features may be provided on any number of embodiments shown and described herein, and regardless of the location of the vent on the end panel. 
         [0019]    In a preferred embodiment, an end closure with a vent feature is provided on a central panel of the end closure. The end closure comprises a main recess or deboss, with a primary opening at least partially defined by a score line provided therein. The central panel further comprises a rivet, and a stay-on tab secured thereto, the tab comprising a nose portion and a tail portion. The end closure further comprises a vent opening, the vent opening positioned opposite the rivet with respect to the primary opening. The vent opening comprises a vent score line characterized by a flat oval shape. The vent score line comprises first and second substantially parallel score lines spaced apart from one another and joined at corresponding ends by arcuate or semi-circular scores. Although the vent score as described herein is occasionally referred to as comprising distinct elements, such description is provided for illustrative purposes only. It will be recognized that the vent score line comprises a continuous score feature with different radii of curvature and/or linear portions. 
         [0020]    It is an object of various embodiments of the present invention to provide a raised vent feature that is provided within an aperture of a tab, at least when the vent feature and the tab are provided in a first position and wherein the first position comprises a closed position of the end closure with the primary opening portion and vent feature sealed. 
         [0021]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a metallic container end closure is provided that reduces the difficulty of opening a vent opening. In some embodiments, a stiffening structure is provided that adds stiffness to the deboss area near a secondary score. The stiffening structure may have various shapes and configurations. For example, the stiffening structure may be a raised or recessed portion of the deboss area, such as a bead. Alternatively, the stiffening structure can be a separate element that is coupled to the deboss. By adding stiffness to the deboss near a secondary score, the stiffening structure will reduce deboss deflection and thus any downward force exerted on a secondary gate will be focused on the secondary score. Thus, the opening force required to fracture the secondary score is reduced. Further, in some embodiments, a vent form feature is provided that increases the stiffness of the deboss near a secondary score and provides a seat for an opening tool. In these embodiments, the vent form feature may have various shapes and configurations. For example, the vent form feature may be a raised or recessed portion of the deboss, such as a ramp. Alternatively, the vent form feature can be a separate element that is coupled to the deboss. By adding stiffness to the deboss near a secondary score, the vent form feature reduces the opening force required to fracture a secondary score. By providing a seat for an opening tool, the vent form feature reduces slippage and increases force transfer from an opening tool to a secondary gate associated with a vent opening. Moreover, in some embodiments, a safety fold provides additional stiffness around a vent opening. 
         [0022]    In addition to reducing opening force, the stiffening structures improve opening distance. The stiff panel resists deflection allowing the vent feature panel to be forced further into the can thus creating a larger opening. 
         [0023]    While various embodiments of the present invention contemplate providing a primary opening and a vent opening feature within or on a deboss area of an end closure, it will be expressly recognized that the present invention is not limited to such embodiments. Indeed, it is contemplated that in certain embodiments, the vent feature is provided external to the deboss area. In preferred embodiments, the vent feature is provided within a radius defined by a pull tab and extending from a rivet that secures the pull tab. However, alternative embodiments are contemplated wherein the vent feature is provided outside of such a radius. 
         [0024]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a metallic container end closure is provided that reduces the chances of a consumer injury. In some embodiments, a tab is provided that comprises a downwardly projecting (i.e. projecting or extending from the tab toward the end closure when the tab and end closure are provided in an assembled state) feature that is rotationally offset from the vent feature when the tab is provided in a first position as described above, and wherein the downwardly projecting feature is adapted to communicate with and apply force to the vent opening feature when the tab is rotated to an opening position. 
         [0025]    As discussed herein, the container and associated container end closure generally is formed of conventional metallic container materials, such as aluminum. However, a container end closure according to certain embodiments of the present invention can be formed of other materials including other metals or metal alloys, plastics, cardboard, paper, fiber reinforced materials, and the like. 
         [0026]    In various embodiments of the present invention, an end closure with a vent feature is provided wherein the vent feature is openable with a tab, the tab being secured to the end closure by a rivet. In such embodiments, no additional or external tools are required to open the vent feature. 
         [0027]    In preferred embodiments of the present invention, a pull tab is provided that at least partially surrounds, covers, or otherwise protects a vent feature. The pull tab, at least when provided in a first position, thereby protects the vent from being inadvertently opened during stacking, shipping, handling, etc. 
         [0028]    In certain embodiments, a location-identifier is provided on the pull tab, such that when the tab is rotated to a position wherein the tab may be used to break open the vent feature, feedback is provided to a user regarding this position. In preferred embodiments, a vent feature is provided on the end closure such that only a small degree of rotation is required to move the tab from a closed or secured position to a position wherein the tab is provided for opening the vent feature. 
         [0029]    In certain embodiments, a vent opening is provided within a debossed area of an end closure, thus further protecting the vent from inadvertent opening and/or contact, and allowing indicia or other features to be provided on the central panel of the closure. 
         [0030]    In one embodiment, a vented metallic end closure adapted for interconnection with a container body is provided, the end closure comprising a peripheral curl, a chuck wall extending downwardly from the peripheral curl, a countersink interconnected to a lower end of the chuck wall, a central panel interconnected to the countersink, a deboss connected to the central panel, and a tab interconnected to the deboss and rotatable about a rivet. The deboss has a primary score defining a dispensing opening and a secondary score defining a vent opening. The tab comprises an aperture, the aperture having a diameter equal to or larger than a diameter of the secondary score and adapted to provide visual feedback related to the vent opening. The tab comprises a vent interface portion adapted to contact the vent opening, and wherein the vent interface portion is adapted to transmit a force applied to the tab to the vent opening and break open the secondary score. The vent opening further comprises a hinge portion about which the vent portion may hinge open. 
         [0031]    In one embodiment, the present invention comprises a method of opening a container end closure, the method comprising the steps of: 1) lifting a pull or tail portion of a tab to force a nose portion of the tab into a primary opening; 2) rotating the tab such that a vent interface portion of the tab is aligned with a vent feature; 3) applying a force to the tab to break open the vent feature; and 4) rotating the tab back to an initial rotational position and visually confirming that the vent feature has been opened. 
         [0032]    In an alternative embodiment, the vent feature is opened prior to an opening of primary opening. For example, in one embodiment, a method comprises opening a container end closure by: 1) rotating the tab such that a vent interface portion of the tab is aligned with a vent feature; 2) applying a force to the tab to break open the vent feature; 3) rotating the tab back to an initial rotational position; and 4) lifting a tail portion of a tab to force a nose portion of the tab into a primary opening. This opening sequence may be enhanced by removing pressure within the container after the vent opening is severed, thus requiring less force to open the primary opening. 
         [0033]    In one embodiment, a vented metallic end closure adapted for interconnection to a neck of a container body is provided. The end closure comprises a peripheral curl, a chuck wall extending downwardly from the peripheral curl, a countersink interconnected to a lower end of the chuck wall, a central panel interconnected to the countersink, a deboss provided on the central panel, and a tab interconnected to the deboss and rotatable about a rivet. The deboss comprises a first recess, a primary score that defines a dispensing opening, and a vent opening that comprises a secondary score. The dispensing opening and the vent opening are provided in opposing relationship on opposite sides of the rivet. A secondary recess is provided within the deboss and adjacent to the secondary score. In preferred embodiments, the secondary recess extends at least partially around the secondary score. The tab comprising a nose end and a pull end, the pull end comprises an aperture that is adapted to provide visual feedback of the vent opening. The aperture is preferably slightly larger than an upstanding feature provided on the vent opening, and smaller than the vent opening itself. 
         [0034]    The pull end of the tab is adapted to contact the vent opening and transmit a force to the vent opening and sever the secondary score. The secondary score comprises first and second linear portions, the first and second linear portions being substantially parallel, and first and second opposed arcuate portions to form a flat-oval shape. The vent opening comprises a raised feature and a vent hinge, and the vent hinge is provided proximal to the rivet such that the vent opening hinges in an opposite direction as the dispensing opening. 
         [0035]    The Summary is neither intended nor should it be construed as being representative of the full extent and scope of the present invention. Moreover, references made herein to “the present invention” or aspects thereof should be understood to mean certain embodiments of the present invention and should not necessarily be construed as limiting all embodiments to a particular description. The present invention is set forth in various levels of detail in the Summary as well as in the attached drawings and the Detailed Description and no limitation as to the scope of the present invention is intended by either the inclusion or non-inclusion of elements, components, etc. in this Summary. Additional aspects of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the Detail Description, particularly when taken together with the drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0036]      FIG. 1  is a top plan view of an end closure according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0037]      FIG. 2  is a top plan view of the end closure shown in  FIG. 1  with the pull tab rotated in a clockwise direction. 
           [0038]      FIG. 3  is a top plan view of an end closure according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0039]      FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional elevation view of an end closure taken at line A-A of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0040]      FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional elevation view of an end closure taken at line B-B of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0041]      FIG. 6  is a top plan view of an end closure according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0042]      FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional elevation view of the end closure of  FIG. 6  taken at line C-C. 
           [0043]      FIG. 8  is a top plan view of the end closure shown in  FIG. 6  with the pull tab removed. 
           [0044]      FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional elevation view of the end closure of  FIG. 8  taken at line D-D. 
           [0045]      FIG. 10  is a top plan view of an end closure according to one embodiment of the present invention, and showing the tab, the primary opening and the vent opening in a closed position. 
           [0046]      FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional elevation view of an end closure according to the embodiment of  FIG. 10  and taken about line E-E. 
           [0047]      FIG. 12  is a top plan view of an end closure according to one embodiment of the present invention, and showing the tab, the primary opening and the vent opening in a closed position. 
           [0048]      FIG. 13  is a cross-sectional elevation view of an end closure according to the embodiment of  FIG. 12  and taken about line F-F. 
           [0049]      FIG. 14A  is a top plan view of an end closure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0050]      FIG. 14B  is a top plan view of the end closure of the embodiment of  FIG. 14A . 
           [0051]      FIG. 14C  is a top perspective view of the end closure of the embodiment of  FIG. 14A . 
           [0052]      FIG. 15A  is a top plan view of the end closure of the embodiment of  FIG. 14A . 
           [0053]      FIG. 15B  is a top perspective view of the end closure of the embodiment of  FIG. 14A . 
           [0054]      FIG. 16A  is a top plan view of an end closure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0055]      FIG. 16B  is a top plan view of the end closure of the embodiment of  FIG. 16A . 
           [0056]      FIG. 16C  is a top perspective view of the end closure of the embodiment of  FIG. 16A . 
           [0057]      FIG. 17A  is a top plan view of the end closure of the embodiment of  FIG. 16A . 
           [0058]      FIG. 17B  is a top perspective view of the end closure of the embodiment of  FIG. 16A . 
           [0059]      FIG. 18A  is a top plan view of an end closure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0060]      FIG. 18B  is a top plan view of the end closure of the embodiment of  FIG. 18A . 
           [0061]      FIG. 18C  is a top perspective view of the end closure of the embodiment of  FIG. 18A . 
           [0062]      FIG. 19A  is a top plan view of the end closure of the embodiment of  FIG. 18A . 
           [0063]      FIG. 19B  is a top perspective view of the end closure of the embodiment of  FIG. 18A . 
           [0064]      FIG. 20  is a top plan view of an end closure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure with a tab provided thereon. 
           [0065]      FIG. 21  is a top plan view of an end closure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0066]      FIG. 22  is a top plan view of an end closure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0067]      FIG. 23  is a top plan view of an end closure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0068]      FIG. 24  is a top plan view of a vent feature according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0069]      FIG. 25  is a top plan view of a vent feature according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0070]      FIG. 26  is a top plan view of a vent feature according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0071]      FIG. 27  is a top plan view of an end closure with a vent feature according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0072]      FIG. 28  is a top plan view of an end closure with a vent feature according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0073]      FIG. 29  is a top plan view of an end closure with a vent feature according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0074]      FIG. 30  is a top plan view of an end closure with a vent feature according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0075]      FIG. 31  is a top plan view of an end closure with a vent feature according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0076]      FIG. 32  is a top plan view of an end closure with a vent feature according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0077]      FIG. 33  is a top plan view of an end closure with a vent feature according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0078]      FIG. 34  is a top plan view of an end closure with a vent feature according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0079]      FIG. 35  is a top plan view of an end closure with a vent feature according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0080]      FIG. 36  is a top plan view of an end closure with a vent feature according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
       
    
    
       [0081]    To assist in the understanding of the drawings, the following is a list of components and associated numbering found in the drawings: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 # 
                 Components 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 2 
                 End closure 
               
               
                 4 
                 Central panel 
               
               
                 5 
                 Deboss 
               
               
                 6 
                 Peripheral curl 
               
               
                 8 
                 Primary opening 
               
               
                 10 
                 Primary score 
               
               
                 12 
                 Tab 
               
               
                 14 
                 Rivet 
               
               
                 16 
                 Vent protuberance 
               
               
                 18 
                 Tab orienting feature 
               
               
                 20 
                 Vent opening 
               
               
                 22 
                 Vent cover portion 
               
               
                 24 
                 Dome feature 
               
               
                 26 
                 Vent orienting feature 
               
               
                 28 
                 Tail portion 
               
               
                 30 
                 Nose portion 
               
               
                 32 
                 Hinge 
               
               
                 34 
                 Vent score 
               
               
                 36 
                 First tier 
               
               
                 38 
                 Second tier 
               
               
                 40 
                 First tier 
               
               
                 42 
                 Second tier 
               
               
                 50 
                 End closure 
               
               
                 52 
                 Peripheral curl 
               
               
                 54 
                 Countersink 
               
               
                 56 
                 Central Panel 
               
               
                 58 
                 Primary opening 
               
               
                 60 
                 Primary score 
               
               
                 62 
                 Rivet 
               
               
                 64 
                 Secondary vent 
               
               
                 66 
                 Vent panel 
               
               
                 68 
                 Upstanding domed feature 
               
               
                 70 
                 Vent score 
               
               
                 72 
                 Anti-fracture score 
               
               
                 74 
                 Stiffening bead 
               
               
                 76 
                 Primary recess 
               
               
                 78 
                 Vent hinge 
               
               
                 80 
                 End closure 
               
               
                 82 
                 Peripheral curl 
               
               
                 84 
                 Countersink 
               
               
                 86 
                 Central panel 
               
               
                 88 
                 Primary opening 
               
               
                 90 
                 Primary score 
               
               
                 92 
                 Rivet 
               
               
                 94 
                 Secondary vent 
               
               
                 96 
                 Vent panel 
               
               
                 98 
                 Upstanding dome portion 
               
               
                 100 
                 Vent score 
               
               
                 102 
                 Anti-fracture score 
               
               
                 104 
                 Stiffening bead 
               
               
                 106 
                 Main recess 
               
               
                 108 
                 Vent hinge 
               
               
                 120 
                 End closure 
               
               
                 122 
                 Peripheral curl 
               
               
                 124 
                 Countersink 
               
               
                 126 
                 Central panel 
               
               
                 128 
                 Main recess 
               
               
                 130 
                 Primary opening 
               
               
                 132 
                 Primary score 
               
               
                 134 
                 Rivet 
               
               
                 136 
                 Secondary recess 
               
               
                 138 
                 Vent feature 
               
               
                 140 
                 Anti-fracture feature 
               
               
                 142 
                 Vent score 
               
               
                 144 
                 Upstanding dome portion 
               
               
                 146 
                 Vent hinge 
               
               
                 200 
                 Aperture 
               
               
                 220 
                 Vent feature 
               
               
                 222 
                 Vent score 
               
               
                 224 
                 Raised feature 
               
               
                 226 
                 Vent hinge 
               
               
                 230 
                 Vent feature 
               
               
                 232 
                 Vent score 
               
               
                 234 
                 Raised feature 
               
               
                 236 
                 Vent score 
               
               
                 240 
                 Vent feature 
               
               
                 242 
                 Vent score 
               
               
                 244 
                 Raised feature 
               
               
                 246 
                 Vent score 
               
               
                 249 
                 End closure 
               
               
                 250 
                 Secondary recess 
               
               
                 251 
                 End closure 
               
               
                 252 
                 Secondary recess 
               
               
                 253 
                 End closure 
               
               
                 254 
                 Secondary recess 
               
               
                 255 
                 End closure 
               
               
                 256 
                 Secondary recess 
               
               
                 257 
                 End closure 
               
               
                 258 
                 Vent feature 
               
               
                 260 
                 Vent feature 
               
               
                 261 
                 End closure 
               
               
                 262 
                 Secondary recess 
               
               
                 263 
                 End closure 
               
               
                 264 
                 Secondary recess 
               
               
                 265 
                 End closure 
               
               
                 266 
                 Secondary recess 
               
               
                 267 
                 End closure 
               
               
                 268 
                 Secondary recess 
               
               
                 270 
                 End closure 
               
               
                 272 
                 Panel 
               
               
                 274 
                 Peripheral curl 
               
               
                 276 
                 Deboss 
               
               
                 278 
                 Primary opening 
               
               
                 280 
                 Primary score 
               
               
                 282 
                 Vent feature 
               
               
                 284 
                 Vent score 
               
               
                 286 
                 Vent hinge 
               
               
                 288 
                 Dome portion 
               
               
                 290 
                 Secondary recess 
               
               
                 292 
                 Rivet 
               
               
                 294 
                 Tab access feature 
               
               
                 300 
                 Vent feature 
               
               
                 302 
                 Vent feature 
               
               
                 304 
                 Vent feature 
               
               
                 306 
                 Vent feature 
               
               
                 308 
                 Vent feature 
               
               
                 310 
                 Vent feature 
               
               
                 312 
                 Vent feature 
               
               
                 314 
                 Vent feature 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0082]      FIG. 1  is a top plan view of one embodiment of an end closure  2  according to the present invention.  FIG. 1  depicts the end closure  2  in a first position, wherein the first position comprises a closed position prior to opening of the primary opening  8  or vent feature  20 . The end closure  2  comprises a central panel  4 , a peripheral curl  6  for securing the end closure to the neck of a container, and a tab  12  interconnected to the deboss  5  by a rivet  14 . The deboss  5  comprises a primary opening  8  which is severable at a primary score line  10  to open the primary opening  8  and allow for container contents to be dispensed. A vent feature  20  is provided on an opposing side of the rivet  14  from the primary opening portion  8 . The vent feature  20  is visible through and exposed by a tab orienting feature  18  in the arrangement and position depicted in  FIG. 1 . The tab orienting feature  18  of the depicted embodiment comprises an aperture or through hole in the tab  12 . The tab orienting feature  18  is depicted as comprising a generally circular opening in  FIG. 1 , but it will be expressly recognized that various shapes and sizes for the tab orienting feature  18  are contemplated. In various embodiments, it is contemplated that the tab orienting feature  18  comprises the same or similar shape as the vent feature  20  and wherein the tab orienting feature  18  comprises a slightly larger dimension of similar shape as the vent  20 . However, the present invention is not so limited and various sized and shapes are contemplated for use with the tab orienting feature  18 . 
         [0083]    In  FIG. 1 , the vent feature  20  is visible through the tab orienting feature  18 . Thus, a user or consumer can readily see that the vent  20  is closed and available for opening. In addition to providing visual information on the vent  20 , the tab orienting feature  18  also provides a recess that prevents force transmission to the vent  20  in the event that the tab  12  is depressed during shipping, stacking, etc. of filled containers. The tab  12  is rotatable by grasping a tail portion  28  of the tab and forcing a nose portion  30  of the tab into the primary opening  8 , as will be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art. Before or after the primary opening  8  is activated, the tab  12  may be rotated about a longitudinal axis of the container extending through the rivet  14  to align a vent protuberance  16  provided on the tab  12  with the vent  20 . In certain embodiments, the vent protuberance  16  comprises a détente or downwardly projecting feature of the tab for positioning over the vent feature  20  and transmitting a force to open the feature, as shown and described herein. Although  FIGS. 1-3  depict the primary opening  8  as being closed during vent opening operations, it will be expressly recognized that the present invention contemplates first opening the primary opening  8  prior to opening the vent feature  20 . 
         [0084]    The tab  12  of the depicted embodiment comprises a vent cover portion  22 . Various known tabs comprise a pull-ring style device, with a void provided in the region depicted as the vent cover portion  22  of  FIGS. 1-3 . In contrast with such prior art devices, the embodiment of  FIGS. 1-3  provide a vent cover portion that comprises a solid portion of the tab  12  with a vent protuberance  16  and tab orienting feature  18  are provided thereon. In an alternative embodiment, however, a large aperture is provided in lieu of the vent covering portion, and a vent protuberance  16  is provided on a remainder of the tab  12 . 
         [0085]      FIG. 2  is a top plan view of an end closure  2  according to the embodiment of  FIG. 1  wherein the tab  12  has been rotated to a position suitable for opening the vent  20 . As shown, the tab  12  has been rotated about an axis extending through the rivet  14  such that the tab orienting feature has been moved radially away from the vent  20  and the vent protuberance  16  of the tab is positioned over the vent  20 . Thus, in the position depicted in  FIG. 2 , a downward force applied to the tab  12  will be transmitted through the tab  12  and the vent protuberance  16  to the vent portion  20 . The vent portion may thus be opened by said force, which severs a score line defining the vent, and wherein the vent  20  is openable about a hinge  32 . 
         [0086]    As further shown in  FIG. 2 , an offset angle α is provided. The offset angle α is the angle of rotation required to translate the tab  12  from a first closed position to a second position wherein the second position is adapted for opening the vent protuberance  16 . In various embodiments, the offset angle α is contemplated as being between approximately 5 degrees and approximately 30 degrees. In preferred embodiments, the offset angle α is contemplated as being between approximately 10 degrees and approximately 25 degrees. In one preferred embodiment, the offset angle α is contemplated as being at least approximately 15 degrees and preferably no greater than approximately 20 degrees. Although  FIG. 2  depicts an end closure with a tab  12  rotated in a clockwise direction, certain embodiments provide that the tab  12  should preferably rotated in a counterclockwise direction. Where a vent feature is opened prior to opening the primary opening  8 , subsequent attempts at opening the primary opening  8  with the tab  12  still provided in the position of  FIG. 2  may cause complications with the opening of the primary opening  8  including tongue tear and hinge fracture. Therefore, in certain embodiments the present disclosure provides methods and devices wherein opening of the vent requires counter-clockwise rotation of the tab, including embodiments wherein a vent feature is provided in a position that requires such rotation in order for a tail portion of the tab to contact the vent feature. 
         [0087]      FIG. 3  is a top plan view of an end closure  2  according to the embodiment of  FIGS. 1-2  and wherein the vent opening  20  has been opened. When rotated back to the position of  FIG. 1 , the tab orienting feature  18  provides visual information to a user that the vent feature  20  has been opened and is ready for venting and facilitating pouring of contents through the primary opening  8  by enhancing air flow characteristics. 
         [0088]      FIGS. 4-5  are cross-sectional elevation views of an end closure  2  according to one embodiment of the present invention in first and second positions, respectively.  FIG. 4  is a cross-section taken about line A-A of  FIG. 1  depicting the end closure  2  with a vent feature  20  provided on the deboss  5 . The vent feature  20  comprises a generally convex protrusion  24  with a concave portion  26 . The concave portion  26  is provided to receive and communicate with vent protuberance  16  as shown and described herein. In the position depicted in  FIG. 4 , the tab orienting feature  18  is disposed directly over the vent opening  20 . As shown, the vent cover portion  22  is provided radially outwardly from the tab orienting feature and the vent opening  20 . The tab orienting feature comprises an opening or void in the tab  12 . Thus, if the tab  12  and/or vent cover portion  22  is depressed or deflected downwardly, the vent  20  is not accidentally depressed or broken open. 
         [0089]      FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view of the end closure  2  taken about line B-B of  FIG. 2 , wherein the tab  12  has been rotated such that the vent protuberance  16  is provided in contact with the concave portion  26  of the vent opening  20 . The relative position of the tab  12  and vent feature  20  shown in  FIG. 5  are provided for opening the vent feature  20 . Specifically, a downward force applied to the tab  12  as provided in  FIG. 5  will force open the vent  20 . 
         [0090]      FIGS. 6-9  depict one embodiment of an end closure  2  with a vent feature  20 .  FIGS. 6-7  depict the end closure with a tab  12  operable to open the vent feature  20 , and  FIGS. 8-9  depict an end closure of the same embodiment with the tab  12  removed.  FIG. 6  is a top plan view of an end closure  2  according to one embodiment of the present invention wherein a tab  12  is provided, the tab  12  operable to open a dispensing opening  8  and a vent feature  20 . In the position of  FIG. 6 , the vent feature  20  is disposed beneath a tab orienting feature  18 . The tab  12  further comprises a vent interface portion  16  provided on a vent cover portion  22 . The tab  12  is rotatable about a rivet  14  such that the vent protuberance  16  may be disposed over or in contact with the vent feature  20 . The tab  12  and vent protuberance  16  may be forced downwardly to apply a force to and break open the vent feature  20 .  FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional elevation view of the end closure  2  taken about line C-C of  FIG. 6 . As shown in  FIG. 7 , the tab orienting feature  18  comprises an aperture or void in the vent cover portion  22  of the tab  12 . In the closed position of  FIG. 7 , wherein the tab orienting feature  20  is provided over and substantially concentric with the vent  20 , it will be recognized that a downward force applied to the tab  12  will generally not impact or break open the vent  20 . 
         [0091]      FIG. 8  is a top plan view of the end closure of the embodiment of  FIG. 6 .  FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional elevation view taken at line D-D of  FIG. 8 .  FIGS. 8-9  depict the end closure without the tab, and thus reveal various score lines. The vent feature  20  comprises a vent score line  34  adapted to be broken open when a tab  12  is used to apply a force to the vent feature  20 . The score  34  is generally circular in the depicted embodiment, but is not a closed circle as a hinge portion  32  is provided to connect the vent  20  to the central panel  4  and allow the vent  20  to hinge open. Although the vent hinge  32  is provided at a location generally between the vent  20  and the rivet  14 , it will be expressly recognized that the hinge  32  may be provided at any number of radial positions with respect to the vent  20 . 
         [0092]      FIGS. 10-11  depict an end closure  2  according to one embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 10  is a top plan view of the end closure  2 .  FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional elevation view of the end closure  2  taken at line E-E of  FIG. 10 . The embodiment of  FIGS. 10-11  comprises a vent cover portion  22  having a tab orienting feature  18  and a vent interface portion  16 . The vent cover portion  22  of the depicted embodiment comprises a stepped or tiered structure with a first tier  36  and second tier  38  as shown in  FIG. 11 . The vent interface portion  16  is provided in an alternative position wherein the tab must be rotated counter-clockwise from the position shown in  FIG. 10  to utilize the vent interface portion  16 . It will be recognized that the vent interface portion  16  may be provided in a number of different positions. 
         [0093]      FIGS. 12-13  depict an end closure  2  according to one embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 12  is a top plan view of the end closure  2 .  FIG. 13  is a cross-sectional elevation view of the end closure  2  taken at line F-F of  FIG. 12 . The embodiment of  FIGS. 12-13  comprises a vent cover portion  22  having a tab orienting feature  18  and a vent interface portion  16 . The vent interface portion  16  of the depicted embodiment comprises a stepped or tiered structure with a first tier  40  and second tier  42  as shown in  FIG. 13 . 
         [0094]      FIG. 14A  is a top plan view of an end closure according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the end closure  50  comprises a peripheral curl  52  for securing the end closure to a container body, and a countersink  54 . The end closure  50  comprises a central panel  56  located interior to the countersink  54 . The central panel  56  comprises a main deboss or recess  76  within which a primary opening area  58  is provided. The primary opening area  58  comprises a tear panel for opening the end closure and allowing the container contents to be dispensed. The primary opening area  58  comprises a main score  60 , which is severable by applying a force to the opening area  58  with the nose of a tab (not shown) secured to the end closure  50  at a rivet  62 . The end closure  50  further comprises a secondary opening or vent feature  64 . In the depicted embodiment, the vent feature  64  comprises a substantially flat oval shape. The vent feature  64  further comprises a vent score  70  and an anti-fracture feature  72 . The vent feature  64  further comprises a vent hinge  78  about which the vent feature rotates during an opening operation. The vent feature  64  further comprises an upstanding dome portion  68  adapted for contact with a tail end of the tab (not shown) to force open the vent feature. In certain embodiments, and as shown in  FIG. 14A , the end closure  50  further comprises a stiffening bead  74 . The bead  74  may be provided to stiffen the panel  56 , or to account for slack metal created during the formation of the vent score  70  and/or the anti-fracture score  72 . The bead  74  of  FIG. 14A  comprises a geometry wherein the bead  74  extends only partially around the vent feature  64 . In alternative embodiments, the end closure is devoid of the bead  74 , and the end closure  50  comprises a vent feature  64  provided within a main recess  76  and the end closure  50  is devoid of additional beads or similar features (i.e. apart from main recess  76 ). 
         [0095]      FIGS. 14B-14C  are top plan and top perspective views of the end closure  50  according to the embodiment of  FIG. 14A .  FIG. 14B , as shown, depicts an end closure with a primary opening area  58  comprising an aperture area of between approximately 0.25 square inches and approximately 1.0 square inch, and preferably approximately 0.56 square inches. 
         [0096]      FIG. 15A  is a top plan view of the end closure  50  according to the embodiment of  FIG. 14A  and comprising exemplary dimensions. More specifically, as appreciated by one of skill in the art, the dimensions may be varies based on the size of the end closure, size of the primary opening, and other factors. As shown, an end closure  50  is provided with a vent feature  64  provided within a main deboss  76 . The vent score  64  comprises a width B of between approximately 0.125 inches and approximately 0.50 inches, and preferably between approximately 0.300 inches and 0.350 inches. The vent score  70  comprises a height G (provided substantially perpendicular to the width) that is between approximately 0.10 and 0.20 inches, and preferably approximately 0.165 inches from the hinge  78  to the score line  70 . In various embodiments, and as shown in  FIG. 15A , a portion of the vent score  70  is provided proximal to an edge of the upstanding dome portion  68 . As shown, a portion of the vent score  70  is offset from an edge of the upstanding dome portion by a gap D, wherein the gap D is less than approximately 0.025 inches from an edge of the upstanding dome portion  68 . Preferably, the gap D comprises a distance of between approximately 0.012 inches and 0.014 inches. As shown, the vent feature  64  generally comprises a flat oval shape with a vent hinge  78  provided between the rivet and the upstanding dome portion  68 . In the depicted embodiment, the vent feature  64  is adapted to hinge inwardly toward a product side of the end closure  50  and wherein score propagation begins at a point on the vent score  70  opposite the dome portion  68  with respect to the rivet. 
         [0097]    As further shown in  FIG. 15A , the vent score  70  is offset from a secondary recess  74  in the form of a stiffening bead by a dimension E. In various embodiments, the dimension E comprises a distance of between approximately 0.075 and 0.10 inches, and preferably of approximately 0.083 inches. A distance F between a center point of the dome portion  68  and a portion of the vent score  70  preferably comprises a distance of between approximately 0.070 inches and 0.090 inches, and more preferably comprises a distance of approximately 0.078 inches. A distance between the vent hinge  78  and a center point of the dome portion  68  is shown as dimension H, wherein dimension H preferably comprises a distance of between approximately 0.070 and 0.10 inches, and preferably of between approximately 0.077 and 0.087 inches. A first width G of the vent feature  64  comprises a width of between approximately 0.140 and 0.180 inches, and preferably of between approximately 0.155 and 0.165 inches. A lateral distance C is provided between a center point of the dome portion  68  and a portion of the vent score  70 , wherein the lateral distance C comprises a distance of between approximately 0.140 inches and 0.180 inches, and preferably of between approximately 0.150 and 0.175 inches. The dome portion  68  comprises a width I of between approximately 0.10 and 0.20 inches, and preferably of between approximately 0.128 and 0.132 inches. The width I generally comprises a dimension across the dome portion  68  between opposing intersections of the dome portion and the vent panel. In certain embodiments, the dome portion  68  comprises a hemisphere. In such embodiments, the width I comprises a diameter of the dome portion  68 . In alternative embodiments, however, it is contemplated that dome portion  68  is not a complete hemisphere and/or is provided on the vent panel such that a distance across the base of the dome portion  68  does not comprise a diameter. 
         [0098]    The embodiment of  FIGS. 14A-15B  comprises a secondary recess  74  in the form of a stiffening bead extending at least partially around the vent feature  64 . The secondary recess  74  is provided to account for slack metal created during formation of the vent score  70  and anti-fracture feature  72  and/or is provided as an access point for an underside of a tail portion of a tab (not shown). Although various embodiments of an end closure are provided herewith that comprise a secondary recess, additional embodiments of the present disclosure contemplate an end closure that is devoid of a secondary recess. For example, the vent feature of any one or more of the various embodiments shown and described herein may be provided wherein no secondary recess is provided, at least in connection with the vent feature. 
         [0099]      FIGS. 16A-17B  depict an end closure  80  comprising numerous features as shown and described herein with respect to  FIGS. 14A-15B , including a peripheral curl  82 , countersink  84 , central panel  86 , main opening area  88 , opening area score line  90 , a rivet  92 , a main deboss  106 , and a vent feature  94  comprising a vent panel  96 , an upstanding domed portion  98 , vent score  100 , anti-fracture score  102 , and a vent hinge  108 . A stiffening bead  104  is provided generally adjacent to the vent feature  94 . The stiffening bead is provided to account for slack metals, provide strength to the end closure, and/or allow for access to an underside of the tab. 
         [0100]    As further shown in  FIG. 17A , the vent score  100  is offset from a secondary recess  104  in the form of a stiffening bead by a dimension E′. In various embodiments, the dimension E′ comprises a distance of between approximately 0.075 and 0.10 inches, and preferably of approximately 0.083 inches. A distance F between a center point of the dome portion  98  and a portion of the vent score  100  preferably comprises a distance of between approximately 0.070 inches and 0.090 inches, and more preferably comprises a distance of approximately 0.078 inches. A distance between the vent hinge  108  and a center point of the dome portion  98  is shown as dimension H, wherein dimension H preferably comprises a distance of between approximately 0.070 and 0.10 inches, and preferably of between approximately 0.077 and 0.087 inches. A first width G of the vent feature  94  comprises a width of between approximately 0.140 and 0.180 inches, and preferably of between approximately 0.155 and 0.165 inches. A lateral distance C is provided between a center point of the dome portion  98  and a portion of the vent score  100 , wherein the lateral distance C comprises a distance of between approximately 0.140 inches and 0.180 inches, and preferably of between approximately 0.150 and 0.175 inches. The dome portion  98  comprises a width I of between approximately 0.10 and 0.20 inches, and preferably of between approximately 0.128 and 0.132 inches. The width I generally comprises a dimension across the dome portion  98  between opposing intersections of the dome portion and the vent panel. In certain embodiments, the dome portion  98  comprises a hemisphere. In such embodiments, the width I comprises a diameter of the dome portion  98 . In alternative embodiments, however, it is contemplated that dome portion  98  is not a complete hemisphere and/or is provided on the vent panel such that a distance across the base of the dome portion  98  does not comprise a diameter. 
         [0101]      FIGS. 18A-19B  depict an end closure  120  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown, the end closure  120  comprises a peripheral curl  122  for securing the end closure to a container body, and a countersink  124 . The end closure  120  comprises a central panel  126  located interior to the countersink  124 . The central panel  126  comprises a main deboss or recess  128  within which a primary opening area  130  is provided. The primary opening area  130  comprises a tear panel for opening the end closure and allowing container contents to be dispensed. The primary opening area  130  comprises a main score  132 , which is severable by applying a force to the opening area  130  with the nose of a tab (not shown) secured to the end closure  120  at a rivet  134 . 
         [0102]    The end closure  120  further comprises a secondary opening or vent feature  138 . In the depicted embodiment, the vent feature  138  comprises a substantially flat oval shape. The vent feature  138  comprises a vent score  142  and an anti-fracture feature  140 . The vent feature  138  further comprises a vent hinge  146  about which the vent feature rotates during an opening operation. The vent feature  138  further comprises an upstanding dome portion  144  adapted for contact with a tail end of the tab (not shown) to force open the vent feature. In certain embodiments, and as shown in  FIG. 18A , the end closure  120  further comprises a vent recess  136 . The vent recess  136  may be provided to stiffen the panel  56 , or to account for slack metal created during the formation of the vent score  142  and/or the anti-fracture score  140 . The vent recess  136  of  FIG. 18A  comprises a recess that substantially surrounds and contains the vent feature  138 . The vent feature  138  of the depicted embodiment is provided completely within the main recess  128 . Alternative embodiments contemplate the vent recess  136  being provided external to the main recess  128  or as an extension of the main recess  128 . 
         [0103]      FIGS. 18B-18C  are top plan and top perspective views of the end closure  120  according to the embodiment of  FIG. 18A .  FIG. 18B , as shown, depicts an end closure with a primary opening area  130  comprising an aperture area of between approximately 0.25 square inches and approximately 1.0 square inches, and preferably approximately 0.56 square inches. 
         [0104]      FIG. 19A  is a top plan view of the end closure  120  according to the embodiment of  FIG. 18A . The dimensions provided in  FIG. 18A  are provided for illustrative purposes of one particular embodiment of the present disclosure. Exemplary dimensions as shown herein with respect to  FIG. 19A  and other figures are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the disclosure. The inventions discussed herein are not limited to the depicted dimensions. As shown, an end closure  120  is provided with a vent feature  138  provided within a main deboss  128 . The vent score  142  comprises a width of between approximately 0.125 inches and approximately 0.50 inches, and preferably approximately 0.350 inches. The vent score  142  comprises a height (provided substantially perpendicular to the width) that is between approximately 0.10 and 0.20 inches, and preferably approximately 0.165 inches from the hinge  146  to the score line  142 . In various embodiments, and as shown in  FIG. 19A , a portion of the vent score  142  is provided proximal an edge of the upstanding dome portion  144 . As shown, a portion of the vent score  142  is positioned less than approximately 0.025 inches from an edge of the upstanding dome portion  144 . Preferably, an edge of the upstanding dome portion  144  is provided approximately 0.014 inches from a portion of the vent score  142 . As shown, the vent feature  138  generally comprises a flat oval shape with a vent hinge  146  provided between the rivet and the upstanding dome portion  144 . In the depicted embodiment, the vent feature  138  is adapted to hinge inwardly toward a product side of the end closure  120  and wherein score propagation begins at a point on the vent score  142  opposite the dome portion  144  with respect to the rivet. 
         [0105]    As further shown in  FIG. 19A , the vent score  142  is provided within a secondary recess  136 . In various embodiments, a distance E″ is provided between an edge of the secondary recess  136  and the vent score  142 . Preferably, the dimension E″ comprises a distance of between approximately 0.050 and 0.10 inches, and preferably of approximately 0.073 inches. A distance F between a center point of the dome portion  144  and a portion of the vent score  142  preferably comprises a distance of between approximately 0.070 inches and 0.090 inches, and more preferably comprises a distance of approximately 0.078 inches. A distance between the vent hinge and a center point of the dome portion  144  is shown as dimension H, wherein dimension H preferably comprises a distance of between approximately 0.070 and 0.10 inches, and preferably of between approximately 0.077 and 0.087 inches. A first width G of the vent feature  138  comprises a width of between approximately 0.140 and 0.180 inches, and preferably of between approximately 0.155 and 0.165 inches. A lateral distance C is provided between a center point of the dome portion  144  and a portion of the vent score  142 , wherein the lateral distance C comprises a distance of between approximately 0.140 inches and 0.180 inches, and preferably of between approximately 0.150 and 0.175 inches. The dome portion  144  comprises a width I of between approximately 0.10 and 0.20 inches, and preferably of between approximately 0.128 and 0.132 inches. The width I generally comprises a dimension across the dome portion  144  between opposing intersections of the dome portion and the vent panel. In certain embodiments, the dome portion  144  comprises a hemisphere. In such embodiments, the width I comprises a diameter of the dome portion  144 . In alternative embodiments, however, it is contemplated that dome portion  144  is not a complete hemisphere and/or is provided on the vent panel such that a distance across the base of the dome portion  144  does not comprise a diameter. 
         [0106]      FIGS. 14A-19B  depict a vent feature provided within a main recess or deboss and provided in a specific location with respect to the rivet and other elements of the end closure. It will be expressly recognized that the vent feature(s) shown herein may be provided at various alternative locations on the central panel of the end closure(s). Indeed, alternative embodiments contemplate providing the vent feature and/or stiffening bead at different locations including outside of the main deboss, or wherein the bead or recess comprises an extension of the main recess. Furthermore, the present disclosure is not limited to end closures that comprise a single vent. End closures are contemplated as comprising a plurality of the vent features shown and described herein. 
         [0107]      FIG. 20  is a top plan view of an end closure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure with a tab  12  provided therein. The tab  12  is secured to a rivet on the end closure, and comprises an aperture  200  revealing an upstanding dome portion of a vent feature. In the closed and sealed position of  FIG. 20 , unwanted opening of the vent feature is avoided at least by the provision of the aperture  200 . The aperture  200  also provides a visual indicia to indicate to a user that a vent feature exists beneath the tab. Opening of the vent is possible by rotating the tab  12  about the rivet and applying a downward force on the upstanding vent feature with an underside of the tail portion of the tab  12 . 
         [0108]      FIGS. 21-23  are top plan views of the end closures shown in  FIGS. 18A ,  14 A, and  16 A, respectively and without a tab provided thereon. The tab  12  of  FIG. 20  may be provided on any one of the end closures shown in  FIGS. 21-23 . 
         [0109]      FIG. 24  is a top view of a vent feature  220  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown, the vent feature  220  comprises a vent score  222  about which the vent may be separated or opened with respect to a remainder of the end closure at or about a vent hinge  226 . A raised feature  224  is provided within the vent score  222  and the vent hinge  226 . The raised feature  224  of the embodiment of  FIG. 24  comprises a domed or partially-spherical feature extending at least partially above the vent feature  220 . A perimeter line is shown in  FIG. 24  to generally indicate the limits or boundary of the raised feature  224 . Relative dimensions of the embodiment of  FIG. 24  are provided, wherein a distance X is shown as comprising a lateral distance between a center of the raised feature and the score line  222  of the vent feature  220 . A distance Y is shown and comprises a distance from the center of the raised feature  224  and the vent hinge  226 . A distance Z is provided, distance Z comprising the distance between the center of the raised feature  224  and a portion of the score line  222  provided opposite the vent hinge. The embodiment of  FIG. 24  comprises a vent feature  220  with a raised portion  224  and a vent hinge  226  and wherein the vent score  222  and the vent hinge  226  are provided substantially concentric with the raised feature  224 . Specifically, illustrated dimensions are provided wherein X is substantially equivalent to Y and to Z. 
         [0110]      FIG. 25  is a top view of a vent feature  230  according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure. The vent feature  230  comprises a vent score  232 , a raised feature  234  and a vent hinge  236 . The vent feature  230  of  FIG. 25  comprises an elongated vent with a distance X between a center of the raised feature  234  and a lateral portion of the vent score  232 , a distance Y between a center of the raised feature  234  and the vent hinge  236 , and a distance Z between a center of the raised feature  234  and a portion of the vent score  232  opposite the vent hinge. In the embodiment of  FIG. 25 , distance X is approximately equal to distance Z. Distance Y comprises a distance that is approximately 1.5Z. It will be recognized that distance Y may be varied based on various parameters, but preferably comprises a distance between approximately 1.2Z and 3.0Z. 
         [0111]      FIG. 26  is a top view of a vent feature  240  according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown, the vent feature  240  comprises a vent score  242 , a raised feature  244  and a vent hinge  246 . The vent score  242  and a perimeter of the raised feature  244  comprise a substantially flat oval shape. A distance A is provided, the distance A comprises a distance or spacing between the vent score  242  and a perimeter of the raised feature  244 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 26 , the distance A is substantially constant around the perimeter of the raised feature  244 . 
         [0112]      FIGS. 24-26  depict vent features of various embodiments of the present disclosure. The vent features of  FIGS. 24-26  may be provided in various locations on an end closure, including within a main deboss, external to a main deboss, and within a local recess feature (which may further be provided in various locations on the end closure). 
         [0113]      FIGS. 27-35  depict end closures in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure. The various embodiments contemplate different vent features and/or stiffening beads. The features and functions of vent features and stiffening beads as described herein apply to the embodiments of  FIGS. 27-35 , which are provided to illustrate that various modifications to such features are contemplated. Such modifications may be desirable based on can or end closure size, aesthetic purposes, or various other reasons.  FIGS. 27-35  provide various end closures  249 ,  251 ,  253 ,  255 ,  257 ,  261 ,  263 ,  265 ,  267  with various combinations of vent openings  300 ,  302 ,  304 ,  306 ,  258 ,  260 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312 ,  314  and secondary recesses  250 ,  252 ,  254 ,  256 ,  262 ,  264 ,  266 ,  268 . It will be recognized that various vent openings as shown and described in this disclosure may be combined with various stiffening structures and secondary recesses shown and described herein, and that the present disclosure is not limited to the particular combinations and embodiments provided in the figures. 
         [0114]      FIG. 36  is a top plan view of an end closure  270  according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown, the end closure  270  comprises a central panel  272  with a peripheral curl  274  extending therefrom and wherein the end closure  270  is adapted to be secured to a container body (not shown). The central panel  272  comprises a deboss  276  within which is provided a primary opening  278  that is openable via a primary score line  280 . A tab (not shown) may be attached to the central panel  272  by a rivet  292 . Opposite the rivet  292  from the primary opening  278  is a vent opening  282 . The vent opening  282  comprises a vent score  284  and a vent hinge  286 . The vent score  284  comprises an oval or ovoid shape with various radii of curvature. The vent score  284  defines a severable score line about which the vent opening  282  can be forced open. The vent opening  282  comprises a button or domed portion  288  comprising a semi-circular member extending upwardly toward a public side of the closure. A curvilinear secondary recess  290  is provided external to and at least partially surrounding the vent feature  282  and vent panel  292 . The secondary recess  290  is provided to account for slack metal, increase panel stiffness, and/or assist with opening of the vent feature  282 . As shown in  FIG. 36 , the closure further comprises a tab access feature  294  to enhance access to an underside of a tab and assist a user in opening operations. The tab access feature  294  also provides enhanced stiffness to the panel, and in certain embodiments comprises a means for accounting for slack metal created in the manufacturing process. 
         [0115]    The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting of the invention to the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments described and shown in the figures were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention, the practical application, and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention. 
         [0116]    While various embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it is apparent that modifications and alterations of those embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art. Moreover, references made herein to “the present invention” or aspects thereof should be understood to mean certain embodiments of the present invention and should not necessarily be construed as limiting all embodiments to a particular description. It is to be expressly understood that such modifications and alterations are within the scope and spirit of the present invention.