Abstract:
An interchangeable sound effect device ( 1 ) that incorporates and plays sound effects that have been digitally recorded on interchangeable sound cartridges ( 4 ). This device ( 1 ) is designed to be used with entertainment and educational type products such as toys, dolls, figurines, books and instructional guides. The sound effect device ( 1 ) employs an infrared receiver ( 28 ) housed within a durable encasement that straps around the user&#39;s waist or is embedded within the doll, figurine, toy, or book. The receiver unit ( 28 ) contains an infrared detector ( 44 ), an electronic diving means ( 60 ), an audio speaker ( 52 ), and a sound cartridge ( 4 ) that rests within a sound cartridge chamber ( 32 ). The sound cartridge ( 4 ) contains a sound enabler chip ( 12 ) that stores, in digital form, a number of prerecorded sound effects. In addition, the user can easily remove the sound cartridge ( 4 ) and insert one of many other sound cartridges each containing a different set of sound effects. Finally, the sound effect device ( 1 ) uses an infrared transmitter ( 76 ) that attaches to an adjustable glove ( 92 ). This transmitter ( 76 ) contains several buttons ( 80 ) that the user presses to select the desired sound effect. When the user actuates a button ( 80 ), the transmitter ( 76 ) directs an infrared signal indicative of a sound effect to the receiver ( 28 ) which will in tun access the sound enabler chip ( 12 ) and play the sound effect. In another embodiment, the transmitter ( 76 ) and receiver ( 28 ) functions are eliminated and the sound effect device ( 1 ) is contained within a single housing unit ( 120 ) that would be physically incorporated into the doll, toy, book, etc. for convenience. The one-piece embodiment ( 120 ) also employs easy to use, interchangeable sound cartridges ( 4 ) and the user would operate both embodiments in the same manner.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO OTHER APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/211,299, filed Dec. 14, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,046,670, which is a National Stage Application of International Application PCT/US96/10394, filed Jun. 14, 1996. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates in general to sound effect devices and more specifically, to a user controlled sound device that will allow the user to play a wide variety of sound effects which are stored on interchangeable sound cartridges. 
     BACKGROUND 
     At the present time, there are a wide variety of sound effect devices designed within dolls, figurines, toys and the like. These sound effects are usually of poor quality and add to the cost of the toy. Furthermore, many toys are not equipped with sound effects. If a child possesses a wide variety of toys (toy guns, dolls, space ships, cars, dinosaurs, figurines, etc. . . . ) not equipped with sound effects, the child must improvise by creating his/her own sound effects. Currently, there are no sound effect devices that provide sounds for dolls, figurines, toys and the like that are not otherwise equipped with sound effect devices. In addition, those dolls, figurines, toys and the like that are equipped with sound effect devices are limited to the sound effects provided by the manufacturer. 
     Heretofore, inventors have modified a variety of sound devices. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,253,068; 4,337,460; 5,177,467; 4,314,236; and 5,130,693. All of these inventions provide different sound effects for various purposes. However, these devices are not designed to provide sound effects for dolls, figurines, toys and the like and they suffer many other disadvantages that inhibit their full commercial acceptance. 
     For example, there are many toys for sale in today&#39;s market, however, none of the prior art sound effect devices provide the user with the ability to change or add extra sounds to a toy&#39;s given list of sound effects. In other words, the toy is limited to the sound effects contained inside the toy as provided by the manufacturer. Second, when a child plays with a toy that contains sound effects, it is often difficult and disruptive for the child to manually push buttons on the object and play at the same time. Prior art designs simply do not allow the user to control the sound effects while playing with the toy in a more natural, realistic manner. In addition, such toys do not help develop the child&#39;s hand-eye coordination. Another disadvantage of prior art designs is the relatively poor sound quality. A majority of the sound effects associated with prior art designs are electronically simulated sounds; they are not prerecorded “real sounds.” Thus, the sounds produced provide little realism. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention describes a device that produces sound effects that are primarily intended for use with dolls, figurines, toys, and educational materials such as books and guides. The sound effects are digitally prerecorded and stored on small, easily removable cartridges that can be exchanged with other cartridges, each containing a different set of prerecorded sounds. In the preferred embodiment, the user controls the sounds by actuating a number of buttons on a transmitter unit that is contained in an ambidextrous, glove-like garment which is worn by the user. The transmitter sends an infrared signal to a receiver unit that is collocated with the sound cartridge. The receiver unit can be designed so that it is physically part of the toy or it can be worn on the user&#39;s waist in the event the doll, toy, or book, as manufactured, has no sound effect capabilities. Accordingly, there are several options, advantage, and cost benefits associated with the present invention that one cannot attribute to any of the prior art. 
     It is one object of the present invention to provide a device that allows the user to play with any doll, toy, figurine, book or the like by enhancing those toys and books with realistic sound effects where none existed before. 
     It is another object to provide a device that allows the user to play with any doll, toy, figurine, book, or the like and add sound effects when there are but a few limited sound effects provided by the manufacturer. 
     It is another object to provide a design that allows the user to control the sound effects during play without having to stop and interrupt play. 
     Another object is to provide quality sound effects in order to educate and enrich the user&#39;s imagination. 
     It is yet another object to generate as many sound effects as possible by providing interchangeable sound cartridge units, each containing a different though related set of sound effects. 
     Still another object is to provide a device that will aid in improving the user&#39;s hand-eye coordination by using this device. 
     Another object is to provide a unit that can be designed into other toys and the like that do not have the flexibility of using interchangeable sound effects. 
     It is also an object to provide a unit that can be designed into educational and informational material (i.e. books and guides) that do not have the flexibility of using interchangeable sound effects. 
     It is another object to provide a device that is easy to use and one that employs a cost saving approach since only one sound effect device is needed to play back a wide variety of sound effects. 
     Another object is to provide a unit that provides interchangeable sound cartridges that lock firmly and connect effectively to the circuit. 
     Another object is to provide a protective cartridge that protects the sound enabler from damage and electrostatic discharge from the user. 
     Finally, it is an object to provide a device that is lightweight and easy to carry. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the sound component of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the receiving component of the present invention. 
     FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the transmitting component of the present invention. 
     FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of another modification of the present invention. 
     FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the three components of the present invention in operation. 
     FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the receiver unit of the present invention. 
     FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram to describe the program code for the receiver unit of the present invention. 
     FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the transmitter unit of the present invention. 
     FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of the another modification of the present invention. 
     FIG. 10 is a flow diagram to describe the code for another modification of the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Physical Description of a Two-Piece Embodiment 
     FIGS. 1,  2  and  3  show the three major components of this invention. In general, the three components are referred to as the sound cartridge  4 , the receiver  28  and the transmitter  76 . The first component, sound cartridge  4 , consists of a rectangular, plug in style housing unit for the sound enabler  12 . Sound cartridge  4  should be made from nonconductive durable plastic in order to protect sound enabler  12  from damage and electrostatic discharge from the user. On the top of sound cartridge  4  is the handle  8 . Handle  8  is square in shape and tapers as it forms to the center of the housing unit  16 . In addition, handle  8  is designed to allow the user to grasp the sound cartridge  4  between his/her forefinger and thumb. Connected to handle  8  is housing unit  16 . Housing unit  16  is rectangular in shape having no bottom wall. Housing unit  16  is designed to encompass and protect sound enabler  12  from damage. The length of housing unit  16  should extend past the connector extension(s)  20 . This length can vary depending on both the size, and make of sound enabler  12  and connector extension(s)  20 . Within the left and right side of housing unit  16  are the holding clamps  18 . Holding clamps  18  are designed to secure sound enabler  12  within housing unit  16 . Holding clamps  18  should be designed to center connector extension(s)  20  within sound cartridge  4  keeping it free from contact of housing unit  16 . This will provide for a better connection when inserted into receiver  28 . Stemming from the left and right side of housing unit  16  are the insert extension(s)  24 . Insert extension(s)  24  were designed as a user control to protect sound enabler  12  from damage. As shown in FIG. 1, one insert extension is wider than the other. This control allows for “one way” insertion of sound cartridge  4  into receiver  28  preventing damage to the sound enabler  12  upon connection. 
     The second component of the two-piece embodiment is receiver  28 . In FIG. 2, receiver  28  has an adjustable belt unit  72  that fits around the user&#39;s waist. The shell of receiver  28  is a rectangular shaped box rounded in the front. The shell of receiver  28  should be made from nonconductive durable plastic in order to protect the driving means  60  from damage. On the right side of receiver  28  is the cartridge chamber  32 . Within cartridge chamber  32  is the ZIF (Zero Insert Force) socket  36 . Both the size of cartridge chamber  32  and ZIF socket  36  can vary depending on the size and make of sound enabler  12  and corresponding connector extensions  20 . Cartridge chamber  32  should be sufficient and aligned to accommodate the varying widths of insert extensions  24  in order to allow for “one-way” fit. In addition, cartridge chamber  32 , in conjunction with insert extensions  20 , should be design to act as a guide for sound enabler  12  to ensure proper position and fit into ZIF socket  36 . On the left side of cartridge chamber  32  is the arm lock  40 . ZIF socket  36  is equipped with arm lock  40  and allows the user to clamp down and connect sound enabler  12  to driving means  60 . Above arm lock  40  is the finger depression  54 . Finger depression  54  allows the user to dig his/her finger under the arm lock  40 . This will aid the user when lifting arm lock  40  upward to release sound enabler  12  from receiver  28 . Finger depression  54  should be designed to allow enough room for the user to wedge his/her finger under arm lock  40  when it&#39;s in lock position. On the left side of receiver  28  is the speaker  52 . Speaker  52  can vary in size and shape depending on how much amplification the maker intends to provide the user. In addition, speaker  52  should be mounted to fit tightly within receiver  28  in order to reduce distortion and maintain the quality of the sound effects. Above speaker  52  are the slots  56 . These slots  56  should be narrow and stretch across conforming to speaker&#39;s  52  shape in order to emit sound clearly and audibly from speaker  56 . At the center of receiver  28  is the protective cover  48 . Protective cover  48  should be clear and flat and made from material such as a plastic or acrylic to enhance the receivability of the transmitter&#39;s infrared signal. Under the protective cover  48  is infrared detector  44 . Both protective cover  48  and infrared detector  44  should be angled upward in order to receive the infrared signal from multiple angles. Within the left side of the shell of receiver  28  are the power source  64  and the off/on switch  68 . The position of power source  64  and off/on switch  68  can vary pending the maker&#39;s design. 
     The third component of this invention is the transmitter  76 . Transmitter  76  as shown in FIG. 3, is a hand control unit attached to an ambidextrous glove  92 . The top portion of glove  92  has no finger and thumb sheathes. The user will be able to move his/her fingers and thumb freely when wearing the glove  92 . Glove  92  should be made from durable non conductive material (e.g. fabric, cloth, neoprene, etc.). To adjust glove  92  to fit the user&#39;s hand and forearm, there are Velcro straps  108  located at the top, wrist and bottom section of glove  92 . The upper left and right sides of glove  92  are tapered inward to allow for thumb holes  100 . The thumb holes  100  are designed for versatility since glove  92  is ambidextrous. At the upper center of glove  92  are three trigger switches  80 . The number of trigger switches  80  can vary depending on how many sound effects the maker intends to provide the user. Trigger switches  80  should be positioned to allow the user to depress one of the trigger switches  80  with his/her finger or thumb. Trigger switches  80  should be mounted on the surface of glove  92 . Trigger switches  80  can be spring loaded micro-switches having push buttons that protrude outward in the “off” position and are depressed to switch “on” the driving means  84 . Tracking down from trigger switches  80  to driving means  84  are flexible connector leads  88 . Connector leads  88  should be mounted within glove  92  and made of flexible conductive, insulated wire to allow movement as the user flexes his/her hand. At the end of transmitter  76  is an infrared LED  96  (Light Emitting Diode). Infrared LED  96  should be centered and angled out to transmit the infrared signal clearly to infrared detector  44 . At the upper right side of transmitter  76  are the power source  112  and the off/on switch  116 . The position of power source  60  and off/on switch  68  can vary depending on the maker&#39;s design of driving means  84 . 
     The preferred embodiment described herein uses a transmitter that employs an infrared LED because infrared LED&#39;s are effective, reliable, and inexpensive. However, an alternative design could employ a radio frequency or ultrasonic transmitter and receiver. A further variation could use wiring to connect the transmitter unit  76  with the receiver unit  28 . Currently the use of phone type wiring is preferred. If desired to facilitate easy hook up, a jack type of connection may be used at one or both ends of the wiring. 
     Physical Description of a One-Piece Embodiment 
     FIG. 4 shows a one piece embodiment of the invention. The one piece embodiment  120  modification of the sound effect device can be triggered to play any sound effect prerecorded on the sound enabler  12  by depressing the enclosed trigger switches  80 . In addition, this device can be mounted on a glove, in toys, or in educational or informational material (e.g. books, guides) thus allowing these items to produce many different sound effects. 
     With this unit, the number of trigger switches  80  can vary and change depending on how many sound effects the maker intends to provide the user. As shown in FIG. 4, trigger switches  80  are located in the center of one piece embodiment  120 . Trigger switches  80  should be positioned to allow the user to depress them with his/her finger and/or thumb. Trigger switches  80  can be spring loaded micro-switches having push buttons that protrude outward in the “off” position and are depressed to switch “on” the driving means  122 . On the right side of one piece embodiment  120  is cartridge chamber  32 . Within cartridge chamber  32  is ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) socket  36 . Both the size of cartridge chamber  32  and ZIF socket  36  can vary depending on the size and make of sound enabler  12  and corresponding connector extensions  20 . Cartridge chamber  32  should be sufficient and aligned to accommodate the varying widths of insert extensions  24  in order to allow for “one-way” fit. In addition, cartridge chamber  32 , in conjunction with insert extensions  20 , should be designed to act as a guide for sound enabler  12  to ensure proper fit into the ZIF socket. On the left side of cartridge chamber  32  is arm lock  40 . ZIF socket  36  is equipped with arm lock  40  to allow the user to clamp down and connect sound enabler  12  to one piece embodiment  120 . Above arm lock  40  is finger depression  54 . Finger depression  54  allows the user to dig his(her finger under arm lock  40 . This will aid the user when lifting arm lock  40  upward to release the sound enabler from the one piece embodiment  120 . Finger depression  54  should be designed to allow enough room for the user to wedge his/her finger under arm lock  40  when its in lock position. Encased below cartridge chamber  32  is speaker  52 . Speaker  52  can vary in size and shape depending on how much amplification the maker intends to provide the user. In addition, speaker  52  should fit tightly within one piece embodiment  120  in order to reduce distortion and maintain the quality of the sound effects. Above speaker  52  are the slots  56 . These slots  56  should be narrow and stretch across conforming to the speaker&#39;s  52  shape in order that the sound effects emit clearly and audibly from speaker  56 . At the left side of one piece embodiment  120  are the power source  112  and the off/on switch  112 . The position of power source  128  and off/on switch  124  can vary depending on the maker&#39;s design of the driving means  122 . 
     Technical Description 
     FIG. 6 is a schematic drawing showing the receiver circuitry of the two-piece embodiment. The microcontroller  136  in this application is an Intel 8031 Microcontroller which requires the following circuitry for this application: reset circuitry, external crystal, instruction fetch circuitry, and interrupt circuitry. 
     In FIG. 6, microcontroller  136  has an on-chip oscillator which is used as the clock source for the central processing unit (CPU). To utilize the on-board oscillator, a crystal resonator  140  must be connected between the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins on microcontroller  136  and the capacitors C8 and C9. Furthermore, C8 and C9 must be grounded. The crystal resonator used in this design employs a 12 MHz crystal which produces a 1 microsecond machine cycle. In addition, a reset circuit is designed within the receiver circuit to allow microcontroller  136  to function properly when powered up. An automatic reset will be obtained when the VCC is turned on by connecting the RST pin of microcontroller  136  to VCC via C10 and ground via fixed resistance R1. To ensure a proper reset function, the RST pin of microcontroller  136  must remain high during the oscillator start-up time (normally a few microseconds plus two machine cycles (2 ms)). 
     Instruction Fetch Circuitry allows microcontroller  136  to fetch instructions from the external memory  144  (in this application an AMD 27C256 EPROM was used to store the instructions). To implement, the /EA pin of microcontroller  136  must be tied to ground which causes all program fetches to be directed to external memory  144 . 
     Microcontroller  136  memory is divided into two groups: data memory and program memory (CPU instructions). For this application, all data is stored in the 384 bytes of internal RAM inside microcontroller  136 . Thus, the /RD and /WR pins on microcontroller  136  are not connected. Bus functions during program memory fetches are dedicated to the 16 I/O (Input/Output) lines AD0-AD7 and A8-A15 (Address/Data, Address respectively) of microcontroller  136 . AD0-AD7 serves as a time-multiplexed address/data bus. These bus lines carry the low byte of the memory address for the Program Counter. The Program Counter is a register that contains the address of the next program instruction. The Program Counter is built within the Intel 8031 Microcontroller. When the low address byte on lines AD0-AD7 is valid, the signal ALE (Address Latch Enable) on microcontroller  136  clocks the byte into an address latch  148  (Texas Instrument 74HCT573). Meanwhile, address lines A8-A15 of microcontroller  136  contains the high address byte for the Program Counter. During this exchange, /PSEN (Program Store Enable) of the external memory  144  strobes the external memory (EPROM)  144  and the code byte is read into microcontroller  136 . It must be noted that the Program Memory addresses are always 16 bits wide; however, in this application, A15 is used for the chip select on external memory  144 . 
     The interrupt circuitry utilizes the two external, edge-triggered interrupts /INT1 and /INT0 (Interrupt 1 and Interrupt 0 respectively) on microcontroller  136  and a 16 bit timer built into the 8031 microcontroller. /INT1 of microcontroller  136  is connected to infrared detector  44  (Sharp GP1U57X). When there is no signal detected, infrared detector  44  outputs a high logic voltage level. When an infrared signal is detected, the output logic voltage level of infrared detector  44  is low. The 16 bit timer in microcontroller  136  is activated by /INT1. It is used to measure the width of the interrupt pulse and therefore the frequency of the incoming, infrared signal. The frequency of the incoming signal controls the activation of address lines A3A5 and/or A4A6 on sound enabler  12 . The activation of address lines A3A5 and/or A4A6, in turn, controls which sound effect is to be played as described in greater detail below. 
     Once a sound effect begins playing, microcontroller  136  will not check for another incoming infrared signal until /INT0 occurs. /INT0 is connected to the /EOM (End of Message) pin on sound enabler  12 . When the sound effect is complete, the /EOM signal transitions from high to low initiating /INT0. /INT0 then signals microcontroller  136  that it can begin looking for the next incoming infrared signal. This process insures the sound effect device will play the current sound effect to completion. 
     Sound enabler  12  within the sound cartridge  4  plugs into a 28 pin ZIF (Zero Insert Force) socket  36  within receiver  28 . In addition, sound enabler  12  should be positioned within sound cartridge  4  so that pin 1 of sound enabler  12  aligns with pin 1 of ZIF socket  36 . This can be accomplished by aligning the pins in sound enabler  12  with the corresponding pins in sound cartridge  4 . Since the sound cartridge is designed for “one-way” fit, it will ensure that sound enabler  12  has been inserted correctly into receiver  28 . Receiver  28  will be capable of playing a wide variety of sounds since sound cartridge  4  and sound enabler  12  are easily removable from the ZIF socket and exchanged with a new sound cartridge and sound enabler. The sound enabler  12  used in this application (ISD 1020 sound chip) can accommodate up to twenty seconds of recorded sound. In addition, the sound enabler is designed to produce a variety of sound effects by storing each in different memory locations within the sound enabler chip. Sound enabler  12  also has the capability to drive 50 milliwatts into a 16 ohm speaker. In this application, the sound is prerecorded on the sound chip using address lines A3A5 and A4A6. To play a particular sound, as described above, address lines A0-A7 of sound enabler  12  must be set to the corresponding memory address. In this design, address lines A3 and A5 of sound enabler  12  are connected to the A3A5 signal and address lines A4 and A6 are connected to the A4A6 signal of microcontroller  136 . The memory map for the sound enabler chip is as follows: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Message 
                 Message Length 
                 A3A5 Logic Level 
                 A4A6 Logic Level 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 1 
                 10 sec 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 2 
                  5 sec 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                 3 
                  5 sec 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Before the device will play any of the prerecorded sound effects, the PD (Power Down) signal connected to the PD pin on sound enabler  12  must transition from high to low. The A3A5, A4A6, and the PD signals are all connected to Port 1 (pins 1-8) of microcontroller  136 , thus microcontroller  136  controls all the signals necessary to produce the sound effects stored in sound enabler  12 . 
     In addition, the design employs “message looping” circuitry for instances where the user plays the same message repeatedly. This circuit uses the /EOM and ICE (Chip Enable) signals of sound enabler  12 . As seen in FIG. 6, C1 is connected between the /EOM signal and the base of transistor Q1. In addition, the base of transistor Q1 is connected to VCC via fixed resistance R3. The emitter of transistor Q1 is grounded and the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to VCC via fixed resistance R2 with pin 2 on R2 connected to the /CE of sound enabler  12 . 
     While the message is playing, /EOM is high and transistor Q1 is turned on, causing the /CE pin to remain in a low logic voltage state. At the end of each message, the /EOM signal transitions low. This low signal is coupled through C1 causing transistor Q1 to momentarily turn off. This creates a positive going pulse on the /CE line, in turn, causing sound enabler  12  to momentarily turn off. R3 will then transition the base of transistor Q1 high again, causing transistor Q1 to turn on, which in turn produces a low logic voltage condition on the /CE line. This once again turns on sound enabler  12  which will begin replaying the message located at the address defined by address lines A0-A7, or in reality, A3, A5, A4, and A6. Of course, this assumes that address lines A0-A7 have not changed. 
     To filter out low level noise from sound enabler  12 , a compandor  152  (Phillips/Signetics NE575) has been designed into the receiver circuit. The ISD1020 (chip enabler  12 ) has a differential speaker output. Both the positive and the negative outputs of the speaker lines (SP+ and SP−) of sound enabler  12  are fed into compandor  152 . In addition, R7 (1K Potentiometer) is used as a “gain” adjustment for sound in order to allow the user to adjust the clarity of the sound effects. The output of compandor  152  is AC coupled through C5, divided in half by resistors R9 and R10, and AC coupled through C6 then fed into audio amplifier  156  (LM386—Phillips). R11 (10k potentiometer) controls the amount of amplification (volume) of the sound. The output of audio amplifier  156  is then AC coupled through C7 into the speaker (SPKR). The power supply of audio amplifier (pin 6) is connected to the 9V battery to give audio amplifier  156  a much greater amplification range. Note: the speaker is only driven on a single side and the quality of the sound is much better because both differential signals (SP+ and SP−) from the sound enabler  12  have been fed into compandor  152 . 
     The power supply for this circuit consists of a voltage regulator  160  (National Semiconductor 7805 5V Voltage Regulator) which is powered by a 9V battery. This regulator supplies five volts to all the components on the board except audio amplifier  156 . The audio amplifier actually uses the 9V input from the battery as a supply to give a wider voltage range for amplification. 
     FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram of the code for receiver  28 . The code begins by initializing control signals A3A5 and A4A6 to low and the PD signal (Power Down) to high. As long as the PD signal is high, the sound enabler chip remains powered down. The code initializes all other variables, OLD_FREQ, NEW_FREQ, and COUNT, to zero. OLD_FREQ defines the frequency of the latest incoming signal. COUNT defines the number of times the code consecutively measures the same signal frequency. After consecutively measuring the same frequency  10  times, the code will play the sound effect located in memory as defined by address lines A0-A7. 
     After initialization, microcontroller  136  continuously waits for the /INT1 (Interrupt  1 ) signal to transition low. This line will transition low when receiver  28  detects an infrared signal. The microcontroller then measures the frequency of the incoming signal on the /INT1 line. Once measured, the code sets NEW_FREQ to this value. The code then compares this frequency value to OLD_FREQ to see if the two are equal. If not, the code resets COUNT to zero and OLD_FREQ is set equal to NEW_FREQ. Microcontroller  136  will then wait for the next signal. If OLD_FREQ and NEW_FREQ are the same, the code increments COUNT and compares the value of COUNT to 10. If COUNT does not equal 10, microcontroller  136  waits for another incoming signal. If COUNT equals 10, the code checks the frequency to see which sound effect to play. 
     If the frequency is either 1 KHz, 500 Hz or 250 Hz, A3A5 and A4A6 signals are set to the proper address so the sound enabler chip can play the correct sound effect. Once A3A5 and A4A6 are set, PD transitions low and the sound enabler chip actually plays the desired sound effect message. Microcontroller  136  then waits for /INT0 (Interrupt 0) to transition low, which indicates an End of Message (EOM) signal. When the /EOM signal transitions low, the code reinitializes all variables and microcontroller  136  waits for a new incoming infrared signal. If the measured frequency of the incoming signal is not 1 KHz, 500 Hz or 250 Hz, microcontroller  136  reinitializes the variables and waits for the next incoming signal. 
     FIG. 8 shows a schematic for the transmitter circuitry. The function of the transmitter is to modulate an infrared LED (Light Emitting Diode)  96  in order that infrared detector  44  of receiver  28  can detect the incoming signal. The specifications for this infrared detector  44  (Sharp GPU1U57X) requires that infrared LED  96  be modulated at 40 KHz for at least 400 microseconds. In addition, transmitter  76  needs to send three different signals, to accommodate three different sound effects, to receiver  28  depending upon which trigger switch  80  the user presses. To accomplish this, each trigger switch  80  produces a different signal: BTN1 (Button 1) produces a 1 KHz signal, BTN2 produces a 500 Hz signal, and BTN3 produces a 250 Hz signal. The circuitry then modulates each with a 40 KHz carrier signal. 
     The chips used to accomplish this task are two Programmable Electrically Erasable Logic (PEEL) units  164  and  168  (AMD PEEL22CV10). BTN1, BTN2, and BTN3 are grounded on one side via fixed resistance RP (resistor pack) and coupled to VCC on the other side. Each trigger switch  80  connects to inputs on the PEEL  168  (Pins 2, 3, and 4). When the user presses any one of the trigger switches, the logic level of the corresponding input transitions high causing ENCNT on PEEL  168  (pin 14) to transition high. ENCNT of PEEL  168  also connects to the active low reset line on PEEL  164  (pin 13). Thus, the user enables PEEL  164  by pushing any of the trigger switches. 
     Both PEEL&#39;s  164  and  168  use a 2.00 MHz oscillator for a clock source (PEEL  164  pin 1 and PEEL  168  pin 1). Once enabled by the ENCNT signal of PEEL  168 , two five bit counters FB1-FB5 and SB1-SB5 (Fast Binary Count, Slow Binary Count respectively) begin dividing the 2 MHz down to the required frequencies: 40 KHz, 1 KHz, 500 Hz, and 250 Hz. FB1-FB5 counts from 01-24 dividing the 2 MHz by 25 producing a signal  1  clock pulse wide (0.5 microseconds) at a frequency of 80 KHz called EN 80  (Enable). FB5 and FB4, generated in PEEL  164  and fed into PEEL  168  (pins 5 and 6 respectively), are used to create the EN80 signal. This EN80 signal feeds back into PEEL  164  (Pin 2) and is used to gate the second five bit counter SB1-SB5 which counts from 0-19 dividing the 80 KHz by 20 down to create a signal one clock pulse wide (0.5 microseconds) at a frequency of 4 KHz called EN4. SB1-SB5, generated in PEEL  164  (pins 18-14) and fed into PEEL  168  (pins 7-11) to create the EN4 signal. 
     The EN80 and EN4 signals within PEEL  164  are divided by two and given a 50% duty cycle to create the 40 KHz signal (PEEL  168  pin 19) and the 2 KHz (PEEL  168  pin 19) signal respectively. The 2 KHz is then divided by two to create a 1 KHz signal (PEEL  168  pin 18) which is further divided by two to create the 500 Hz signal (PEEL  168  pin 17). The 500 Hz signal is then divided by two creating the 250 Hz signal (PEEL  168  pin 16). The modulation circuit then uses these signals to transmit the required waveform, which is indicative of the desired sound effect, as described above. 
     The TXD (Transmission) signal of PEEL  168  (pin 15) is the base frequency (1 KHz, 500 Hz, and 250 Hz) without the 40 KHz carrier frequency. If the user presses BTN1, TXD is a 1 KHz square wave; if the user presses BTN2, TXD is a 500 Hz square wave, and if the user presses BTN3, TXD is a 250 Hz square wave. If the user presses more than one trigger switch, BTN1 takes priority over BTN2 which takes priority over BTN3. TXOUT (Transmission Out) of PEEL  168  (pin 21) combines the TXD signal with the 40 KHz signal and feeds the resulting signal into the modulator circuit. Note, that an automatic reset, (PEEL  168 , pin 13) connects to VCC via fixed resistance R1 and couples to ground via C1. This permits the necessary low pulse to reset PEEL  168 . Also note, all unused inputs on PEEL  164  (pins 3-12) tie to ground. 
     The TXOUT signal from PEEL  168  (pin 21) couples to the base of transistor Q1 via fixed resistance R3. The emitter of transistor Q1 connects to ground. The collector of the transmitter Q1 connects to the infrared LED  96  which couples to VCC via fixed resistance R2. When the 40 KHz square wave goes into the base of the transistor Q1, transistor Q1 turns on and off at a frequency of 40 KHz, this causes the infrared LED  96  to pulse at a frequency of 40 KHz. When the TXOUT signal is low (no 40 KHz signal out) the transistor turns off, turning infrared LED  96  off. Both R2 and R3 are used for current limits. 
     The power supply for this circuit consists of voltage regulator  160  (National Semiconductor 7805 5V Voltage Regulator) which utilizes a 9V battery. This voltage regulator  160  supplies five volts to all the components on the board. 
     This embodiment employs infrared technology to transmit instruction signals to the receiver; however, other wireless technologies such as radio frequency (i.e.: radio control) and sound energy (i.e.: ultrasonic), or even wired versions, can be used to transmit a signal and perform the same functions. In addition, the sound cartridge could be modified to fit on an integrated circuit board. This board could be encased and designed to plug into the receiver and perform the same functions. 
     FIG. 9 is a schematic drawing showing the one-piece embodiment  1  of the present invention. The microcontroller  136  used is an Intel 8031 microcontroller which requires the following circuitry: reset circuitry, external crystal, instruction fetch circuitry, and interrupt circuitry. 
     As seen in FIG. 9, microcontroller  136  uses an on-chip oscillator as the clock source for the CPU. This clock source can be achieved by connecting a crystal resonator  140  between the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins of microcontroller  136  and capacitors C8 and C9. This embodiment also employs a 12 MHz crystal to create a machine cycle time of 1 microsecond. In addition, reset circuit within the receiver circuit allows microcontroller  136  to function properly when powered up. An automatic reset function is obtained by connecting VCC to the RST pin of microcontroller  136  via C10 and R1. To ensure proper reset, the RST pin on microcontroller  136  must remain high during the oscillator start-up period (normally a few microseconds plus two machine cycles (2 ms)). 
     The instruction fetch circuitry allows microcontroller  136  to fetch instructions from external memory  144  (in this application an AMD 27C256 EPROM is used to store the instructions). To implement, the /EA pin on microcontroller  136  ties to ground which causes the microcontroller to fetch all program instructions from external memory  144  (ROM). 
     Again, microcontroller  136  memory is divided into two groups: data memory and program memory (CPU instructions). In this application, all data is stored in the 384 bytes of internal RAM onboard microcontroller  136 . Bus functions during program memory fetches are dedicated to the 16 I/O (Input/Output) lines AD0-AD7 and A8-A15 (Address/Data, Address respectively) of microcontroller  136 . AD0-AD7 of microcontroller  136  serves as a time-multiplexed address/data bus. These bus lines carry the low byte of the program counter. The program counter is a register that contains the full address of the next program instruction. The program counter is built within the 8031 Microcontroller. During the time that the low byte of the Program Counter is valid on AD0-AD7, the signal ALE (Address Latch Enable) of microcontroller  136  clocks this byte into an address latch  148  (Texas Instrument 74HCT573). Meanwhile, A8-A15 of microcontroller  136  emit the high byte of the Program Counter. During this exchange, /PSEN (Program Store Enable) of the external memory  144  strobes the external memory (EPROM)  144  and the code byte is read into microcontroller  136 . It must be noted that the Program Memory addresses are always 16 bits wide, however, in this application, A15 is used for the chip select (/CE) on the external memory  144  device. 
     There are also three trigger switches  80  associated with this embodiment which the user employs to select the desired sound effect. These trigger switches  80  (BTN1, BTN2, and BTN3) connect to VCC on one side and to ground via fixed resistant pack RP1 on the other side. In addition, trigger switches  80  connect to Port 1 on microcontroller  136  (pins 6, 7, and 8). All pins on Port 1 are bit programmable; therefore, while pins 6, 7, and 8 are serving as inputs, control lines A3A5, A4A6 and PD serve as outputs. Microcontroller  136  constantly monitors the status of the trigger switches  80 . When the user pushes one of the trigger switches  80 , the logic level at the corresponding port pin transitions high and address lines A3A5 and A4A6 of sound enabler  12  (ISD 1020 sound chip) are set to the memory address where the desired sound effect is stored. The sound enabler  12  will play the desired sound effect when the PD signal transitions low. 
     As for the interrupt circuitry, /INTO connects to the /EOM (End of Message) signal of sound enabler  12  (ISD 1020 sound chip). At the end of each message, /EOM transitions low causing Interrupt 0 to occur. Once a message begins playing, microcontroller  136  will wait until Interrupt 0 occurs before it begins monitoring the trigger switches for another incoming signal; this ensures the sound effect device will complete the current sound effect message. 
     Sound enabler  12  within the sound cartridge  4  plugs into a  28  pin ZIF (Zero Insert Force) socket  36  within receiver  28 . In addition, sound enabler  12  should be positioned within sound cartridge  4  such that pin 1 of sound enabler  12  aligns with pin 1 of ZIF socket  36 . This can be accomplished by aligning the pins of sound enabler  12  with the corresponding pin positions in sound cartridge  4 . Since the sound cartridge is designed for “one-way” fit, sound enabler  12  is guaranteed to be inserted correctly into receiver  28 . Receiver  28  will be capable of playing a variety of sounds since sound cartridge  4  and sound enabler  12  can be easily removed via the ZIF socket from the circuit and exchanged with a new sound cartridge  4  and sound enabler  12 . The sound enabler  12  used in this application (ISD 1020 sound chip) can accommodate up to twenty seconds of recorded sound. In addition, this sound enabler  12  is designed to allow for a variety of sound effects each being stored at different memory locations within sound enabler  12 . Sound enabler  12  also has the capability to drive 50 milliwatts into a 16 ohm speaker. In this application, the sound is prerecorded on the sound chip using addresses lines A3A5 and A4A6. To play a particular sound, address lines A0-A7 of sound enabler  12  must be set to the correct address. In this application address lines A3 and A5 of sound enabler  12  connect to the A3A5 signal and address lines A4 and A6 connect to the A4A6 signal of microcontroller  136 . The memory map of the sound chip is as follows: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Message 
                 Message Length 
                 A3A5 Logic Level 
                 A4A6 Logic Level 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 1 
                 10 sec 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 2 
                  5 sec 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                 3 
                  5 sec 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     A3A5, A4A6, and the PD signal connect to Port 1 (Pins 1-8) of microcontroller  136 , thus microcontroller  136  controls all the signals necessary to produce the messages stored in sound enabler  12 . 
     In addition, this embodiment also employs message looping circuitry for those instances where the user plays the same message repetitively. This circuit uses the /EOM and ICE (Chip Enable) signals of sound enabler  12 . As seen in FIG. 9, C1 connects the /EOM signal to the base of transistor Q1. In addition, the base of transistor Q1 connects to VCC via fixed resistance R3. The emitter of transistor Q1 is grounded and the collector of transistor Q1 connects to VCC via fixed resistance R2 with pin 2 of R2 connecting to the /CE pin on sound enabler  12 . 
     If the sound effect message is playing, /EOM remains in a high logic level state and transistor Q1 is turned on. This causes the /CE pin to transition low. At the end of each message, the /EOM signal transitions low. This low signal, coupled through C1, causes transistor Q1 to momentarily turn off. This creates a positive going pulse on the /CE line, which in turn causes sound enabler  12  to momentarily turn off. R3 will then cause the base of transistor Q1 to transition high, causing transistor Q1 to turn on, which in turn produces a low on the /CE line. This turns sound enabler  12  on which will now begin playing the sound effect message located at the address defined by address lines A0-A7. As sound enabler  12  turns off and on the same message is replayed, assuming A0-A7 have not changed. 
     To filter out low level noise, the design incorporates a compandor  152  (Phillips/Signetics NE575). The ISD1020 (chip enabler  12 ) has a differential speaker output. Both the positive and the negative outputs of the speaker lines (SP+ and SP−) of sound enabler  12  feed into compandor  152 . In addition, the design employs R7 (1K Potentiometer) as a “gain” adjustment for sound, thus allowing the user to adjust the clarity of the sound effects. The output of compandor  152  is AC coupled through C5, divided in half by resistors R9 and R10, AC coupled through C6 and fed into audio amplifier  156  (LM386—Phillips). R11 (10k potentiometer) controls the amount of sound amplification (volume). The output of audio amplifier  156  is then AC coupled through C7 into the speaker  52  (SPKR). The power supply of audio amplifier  156  (pin  6 ) connects to a 9V battery to give audio amplifier  156  a much greater amplification range. Note: the speaker is only driven on a single side and the quality of the sound is much better because both differential signals (SP+ and SP−) from the sound enabler  12  feed into compandor  152 . 
     The power supply for this circuit consists of a voltage regulator  160  (National Semiconductor 7805 5V Voltage Regulator) which is powered by a 9V battery. This regulator supplies five volts to all the components on the board except audio amplifier  156 . Audio amplifier actually uses the 9V input from the battery as a supply to give it a wider voltage range for amplification. 
     FIG. 10 shows a flow diagram of the code for the one-piece embodiment. The code begins by initializing control signals A3A5 and A4A6 to a low logic level and the PD signal to a high logic level, which keeps the chip powered down. Once this is complete, the microcontroller begins monitoring the status of the three trigger switches (BTN1, BTN2, and BTN3). 
     If the user does not press any of the trigger switches  80 , microcontroller  136  will continue monitoring their status. If the user does press any of the trigger switches  80 , the code sets A3A5 and A4A6 to the proper address and then sets PD (Power Down) low. When PD transitions low, the sound enabler plays the desired sound effect message. Microcontroller  136  then waits for /INT0 (Interrupt 0) to transition low, which indicates an End of Message (EOM) signal. Once an End of Message signal occurs, the code resets the variables and microcontroller  136  once again begins monitoring the status of the trigger switches  80 . 
     Although the circuits described above for both the two- and one-piece embodiments use integrated circuitry to perform their functions, it would be possible to replace the integrated circuitry with discrete circuitry and components to obtain greater compactness. 
     Operational Description 
     When using the two piece embodiment, the user must first slip glove  92  over the preferred hand until his/her fingers and thumb fit properly inside glove  92 . To adjust glove  92 , the user will pull and fasten Velcro straps  108  until they achieve a comfortable fit. After the adjustments have been made, the user should make sure that the infrared LED  96  of transmitter  76  is centered on the user&#39;s forearm in order to properly transmit the infrared signal to receiver  28 . At this point, the user will turn transmitter  76  on by switching off/on switch  116  to the “on” position. 
     The user will then attach receiver  28  to his/her waist. The user must first wrap belt unit  72  equipped with receiver  28  around his/her waist and snap and secure the belt buckle  73 . Adjustments can be made by lengthening or shortening the belt adjuster  74  until a snug fit is obtained. The user will then position receiver  28  on the same side as the gloved hand. This will aid in the detection of the infrared signal. The user will then plug sound cartridge  4  into receiver  28  by inserting the proper insert extensions  24  into the corresponding cartridge chamber  32  of receiver  28 . Once this is complete, the user will press arm lock  40  down to connect sound enabler  12  into driving means  60  of receiver  28 . At this point, the user may turn receiver  28  on by switching off/on switch  68  to the “on” position. 
     To play a sound effect from the two piece embodiment  1 , the user must depress one of the trigger switches  80  on glove  92  which will transmit an infrared signal to receiver  28 . Depending on which trigger switch  80  the user presses, transmitter  76  will send instructions to driving means  60  of receiver  28  to play the desired sound effect. For example, as the user is playing with his/her toy, the user can move or grab the object and simply push trigger switch  80  to produce a desired sound effect in the middle of play. This unit allows the user to freely interact and control the sound effects without having to stop and interrupt play. 
     If the user wishes to change sound effects, the user must release arm lock  40  by digging his/her finger under finger depression  54  and lifting arm lock  40  upward. This will disconnect sound cartridge  4  and sound enabler  12  from driving means  60  of receiver  28 . The user may now pull the “old” sound cartridge  4  out and reinsert a “new” sound cartridge  4  containing new sound effects into receiver  28 . 
     When the user is finished, he/she may turn both receiver  28  and transmitter  76  off by switching off/on switch  68  and  116  respectively to the “off” position. The user will unhook the belt unit  72  from his/her waist and loosen the Velcro straps  108  of glove  92  to remove from the user&#39;s hand. 
     If manufacturers produce toys that are designed to fit receiver  28  within their toys, the user must first snap or fit receiver  28  into the manufacturer&#39;s design. The operation instructions will be the same with the exception that the user will not wear receiver  28  around his/her waist. However it is important to note that infrared detector  44  should be within the line of sight of infrared LED  96 . 
     The one piece embodiment  120  resembles the same operation instructions as the two piece embodiment  1 , however, it can be incorporated into many other devices and toys. For example, one piece embodiment  120  can be used in story books, figurines, toys and other entertainment type products to provide interchangeable sound effects. Even though the receiver and transmitter functions in the two-piece embodiment are replaced with internal circuitry in the one-piece embodiment, the operational description is basically the same. For example, one piece embodiment  120  can be mounted to a glove or story book. In both cases, the user will add sound effects by plugging sound cartridge  4  into the cartridge chamber  32  by inserting the proper insert extensions  24  into the corresponding cartridge chamber  32  of one piece embodiment  120 . Once this is completed, the user will press arm lock  40  down to connect sound enabler  12  into driving means  122  of one piece embodiment  120 . At this point the user may turn the one piece embodiment  120  on by switching off/on switch  124  to the “on” position. 
     To play a sound effect with the one piece embodiment  120 , the user must depress one of the trigger switches  80 . Depending on which trigger switch  80  the user presses, microcontroller  136  will send instructions to play the desired sound effect. 
     Again, as previously mentioned, the user can change sound effects by releasing arm lock  40 . The user must first dig his/her finger under finger depression  54  and lift arm lock  40  upward. This will disconnect sound cartridge  4  and sound enabler  12  from driving means  122  of one piece embodiment  120 . The user may now pull the “old” sound cartridge  4  out and reinsert a “new” sound cartridge  4  containing new sound effects into one piece embodiment  120 . 
     When finished, the user may turn off the one piece embodiment  120  by switching the off/on switch  124  to the “off” position. 
     Conclusion 
     The description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as a limitation on the overall scope of the invention. Other embodiments, design features, and applications, some of which were already mentioned in the specification, are certainly feasible. For example, the present design could be modified so that two or more sound cartridges and sound enablers can be simultaneously used in order to add and combine additional sounds for different effects. In order to use a plurality of cartridges, the device could be constructed with two or more sockets in the receiver. Alternately, a cartridge holder could be designed that would fit into the current socket. The cartridge holder would hold one, two, or more cartridges. Depending on the design of the holder, the user could choose which cartridge was in use by physically rotating a part of the holder, pressing a button, moving a lever, or any other desired method. A different design of holder could select more than one cartridge for use at one time, either by playing multiple sounds for a particular signal, or having additional actuators to indicate the particular cartridge or sound effect. 
     The device disclosed could also be used for other types of information. For example, the buttons on the gloves could be used to give controls to a remote control. In this case, the output from the interchangeable chip would be instructions to the remote control car.