Abstract:
A performance enhancing and force absorbing dental appliance adapted to lie within the mouth of an athlete consists of an occlusal posterior pad made of quadruple composite material comprising four layers of distinct materials, further comprising a first layer of a durable, resilient material; a second layer of non-softenable, flexible material; a third layer of a hard, very durable material; and a fourth layer of a softenable material, engageable with the occlusal surfaces to space apart the upper and lower teeth, to absorb shock and clenching stress. An adjustable arch adapted to expand and contract to be molded to the palate is provided connecting the posterior pads together within the mouth and out of the way of the tongue to maintain the position of the occlusal posterior pads within the mouth during use and to prevent loss of the pads such as by swallowing. An expandable serpentine bridge may be embedded in the arch.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates generally to a performance enhancing and force absorbing quadruple composite dental appliance for use by athletes, and more particularly to such an adjustable, customizable appliance that spaces apart the teeth to absorb shock and clenching stress, to space apart the anterior teeth of the lower and upper jaws to facilitate breathing and speech, to lessen condyle pressure, force and impact upon the cartilage and temporomandibular joints, the arteries and the nerves, and to further increase body muscular strength and endurance. 
     Almost all athletes, such as body builders, weight lifters, baseball batters, golfers, football players, hockey players and bowlers, clench their teeth during exertion which results in hundreds of pounds of compressed force exerted from the lower jaw onto the upper jaw. 
     This clenching force is unevenly transmitted through the jaw structure into the connective tissues and muscles of the lower jaw and further into the neck and back. This can result in headaches, muscle spasms, damage to teeth, injury to the temporomandibular joint, and pain in the jaw. Furthermore, clenching the teeth makes breathing more difficult during physical exercise and endurance when breathing is most important. 
     The natural inclination to clench the jaw during physical exertion is impossible to avoid. One theory is that this is an ancient reflex designed to protect the caveman&#39;s jaw from displacement or fracture. An injury to ancient man&#39;s jaw meant almost certain death from starvation. Man still instinctively clenches his teeth to lock his jaw into a safe position during aggression or physical activity to protect his jaw. But when the teeth are clenched, the body puts an upper limit on one&#39;s strength so that one can&#39;t overclench and damage one&#39;s teeth and jaw structures. 
     There are over 60 million overweight Americans today. Spending in the diet aid category equals $1.06 billion annually. Research shows that use of a dental appliance to prevent damage to the teeth during clenching helps to increase the productivity of an aerobic workout by increasing endurance and muscle activity and therefore calorie burn. 
     More than 80% of the population has some measure of improper jaw alignment, causing painful chewing, tooth grinding, migraine headaches, stress or several of these problems at once. The temporomandibular (TM) artery runs directly through the TM joint. This main artery carries oxygenated blood to the arteries in the face and head. When the TM joint is properly balanced, blood flows freely to these areas, which is believed to lessen the incidence of headache and stress. When the TM joint is out of balance or improperly aligned, undue stress is placed on this vital artery and the corresponding muscle groups. 
     Each year, reports the Journal of the American Dental Association, dentists make approximately 3.6 million anti-bruxing devices for their tooth grinding patients. Sizing and fitting in the past has required dental assistance. At an average cost of $275 (but sometimes much higher), this equates to a one billion dollar market. Nocturnal tooth grinding is a major pain—powerful enough to crack a walnut at 250 pounds per square inch, the pressure is ten times the force registered during normal chewing. Bruxing causes the teeth to wear down at odd angles, affecting the shape of the face, causing migraine headaches and muscle soreness and aggravating TMJ disorders. 
     The market for over-the-counter analgesics in the U.S. was $2.91 billion in 1996. An estimated 18 million people suffer from migraine headaches, another 6 million form back and neck pain. While almost 3 million Americans are treated annually by pain clinics, many more remain in need due to inadequate insurance or denial of benefits for such treatment. Studies have shown that increasing the blood flow to the arteries of the face can help reduce headache pain. Repositioning the jaw by a dental appliance to alleviate stress and pain acts as a drug-free remedy to millions of stress and headache sufferers by temporarily restoring blood flow to the face and head. 
     It is well known that the birthing process creates a tremendous amount of physiological and psychological stress upon the mother. In fact, pregnant women go through weeks, if not months, of physical exercise to prepare them for the exertions necessary during the birth of their child. The actual birthing process is very analogous to athletes as women about to give birth may very well clench their teeth during the exertion of labor. 
     Rehabilitation relative to heart attacks, operations and injuries also require exertion and can be facilitated by an increased blood flow to the brain and return back to good conditioning with exercise. 
     Snoring occurs when the mouth is open and the tongue moves back into the throat. This causes the airway passage to narrow which increases the likelihood of snoring. It is known that moving the condyle of the lower jaw forward in a way will increase the airway and assist in the elimination of snoring. 
     It is believed that consciousness and the ability to focus is increased with an object in the mouth. This causes one to salivate, focus and be more awakened with improved concentration, hand eye coordination, and even thought process which otherwise would be non-voluntary reactions. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,584,687 discloses a singular material performance enhancing dental appliance. U.S. Pat. No. 5,865,619 (the &#39;619 patent) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,012,919 (the &#39;919 patent) disclose a triple composite performance enhancing dental appliance. Applicant has found that the embodiments of the &#39;687 patent, the &#39;619 patent and the &#39;919 patent have several deficiencies that Applicant has corrected in the instant invention. 
     Most importantly, many problems exist with prior dental appliances having posterior pads and a connective arch. Labial or buccal walls did not accept wide teeth, were bulky and had sharp edges. Arches medially located across the palate caused gagging and speech impediments, as well as fitting problems. Weak arches cause the appliances to collapse and permit the pads to touch and stick together upon removal from hot water. Thus, fitting of such appliances has always been a problem. Wide posterior teeth and deep and shallow palates required multiple sizes which were difficult for the consumer to choose from, let alone fit. Delamination and chewing destruction caused short life. 
     The present invention solves the prior art problems and discloses an appliance suitable for all the above needs and uses, plus many more, which will be appreciated with a review of the specification, claims and figures. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A performance enhancing and force absorbing dental appliance adapted to lie within the mouth of an athlete consists of occlusal posterior pads made of quadruple composite material comprising four layers of distinct materials and a connective arch. The first bottom layer traction pad is of a durable, resilient elastomeric gripping material. The second layer is of non-softenable, flexible, shape maintaining framework material that is expandable and contractable. The third layer is of a hard, very durable wedge-shaped bite plate material. The fourth arch layer is of a softenable material, moldable to fit and grip the posterior teeth and anterior palate. The fourth material substantially encloses the appliance. The four materials are physically interlocked. An anti-microbial agent may be added to the materials. 
     A principal object and advantage of the present invention is that the appliance protects the teeth, jaws, gums, connective tissues, back, head and muscles from teeth clenching forces typically exerted during athletic activity and birthing. 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that it facilitates breathing and speech during strenuous physical activity such as in power lifting or bodybuilding. 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that the appliance places the lower jaw in the power position moving the condyle downwardly and forwardly away from the nerves and arteries within the fossae or socket to raise body muscular strength, greater endurance and improved performance by the appliance user. 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that the appliance is customizable to fit the width and configurations of the upper posterior teeth and the palate structure of any user. Teeth width, spacing from one side of the mouth to the other side of the mouth and palate height vary substantially from person to person. 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that it allows the wearer to increase effort and calorie bum during a workout by preventing the clenching reflex from limiting bodily strength and endurance. 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that it prevents grinding of the teeth (bruxing). 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that helps to alleviate pain such as migraine headache by properly positioning the lower jaw and increasing the blood flow through the temporomandibular artery and associated circulatory and nerve systems. 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that allows a woman to increase the force with which she bears down during labor contractions, without harming the teeth and associated oral structures. 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that it assists in the rehabilitation process of recovering from injury or heart attacks by increasing the flow of blood and oxygen to the brain. 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that it increases consciousness and is believed to have a systemic action that can alter non-voluntary reactions to external stimuli to make the appliance wearer more conscientious, focused, awake and ready. 
     Another object and advantage is that the present invention reduces snoring by moving the condyle forward and further opening up the airway passage. 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that it has a tough, rubbery, elastomeric, unpenetrable bottom layer or traction pad engaging and gripping the lower teeth which prevents the appliance from being chewed through and assures long life to the appliance. 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that it has a second layer of a non-softenable, flexible material. This material is extended in a serpentine bridge and cross-cantilever connectors that supports the appliance after heating to maintain shape and guides the upper teeth during the fitting process. 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that it has a third layer of a hard, very durable material that acts as a bite plate, reverse wedge or fulcrum that cannot be penetrated by the teeth, giving the appliance a longer life cycle. 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that the occlusal pads and the adjustable arch are preferably made of a fourth layer of a softenable material which will permit the user to refit the appliance should the appliance not originally fit properly. 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that the fourth layer has been extended over the second and third layers and provides for the formation of a smooth, labial wall, greatly increasing comfort and avoiding sharp edges. This allows the user to manipulate the softenable material and custom fabricate a labial wall that will accommodate any tooth width and palate depth or height. 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that eliminating a rigid labial wall also decreases the amount of material between the teeth and cheek, making the appliance more comfortable and less intrusive and cumbersome. Less material also makes the appliance less visible and bulky in the wearer&#39;s mouth. Furthermore, the absence of a rigid labial wall results in less pressure and squeezing on the teeth, improving comfort and fit. 
     Another object and advantage is that the arch is dramatically canted forwardly toward the anterior teeth of the upper jaw, greatly increasing comfort and reducing gagging and speech impediment. 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that an anti-microbial and/or anti-bacterial ingredient keeps the appliance free of germs or odor causing microbials and bacteria during non-use and storage. 
     Another object and advantage of the present invention is that the mechanically interlocked four materials will not separate with use or chewing by the user which is common with athletes. This secure interlock of the materials is further supported by heat, pressure and ultimate compatible chemical bonding. 
     Another object and advantage is that the wearer of the appliance experiences decreased heart rate and quicker recovery during aerobic exercise and activity. 
     Another object and advantage is that wearing the present invention increases dopamine concentration for increased motor activity. 
     Another object and advantage is that the appliance is ideal for health and wellness, birthing, industrial, dental, bruxing, exercise, awareness and athletic competition and protection. 
     Another object and advantage is that the Belvedere bridge, Cross cantilever connectors and occlusal pad plates of the non-softening but flexible framework maintains appliance shape during heating and fitting and permits expansion and contraction to fit any teeth and palate. 
    
    
     Other objects and advantages will become obvious with the reading of the following specification and appended claims with a review of the figures. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a maxillary mandibular buccal or partial side elevational view of the jaws and temporomandibular joint of the user of the dental appliance of the present invention; 
     FIG. 1A is an enlarged view of the temporomandibular joint portion of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 2 is similar to FIG. 1, but shows the dental appliance of the present invention in place; 
     FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the dental appliance of the present invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view partially broken away of the dental appliance of the present invention; 
     FIG. 5 is a side elevational view with the fourth arch material in phantom outline of the dental appliance of the present invention; 
     FIG. 6 is a bottom plan view of the dental appliance of the present invention in place in the mouth; 
     FIG. 7 is a bottom perspective view of the dental appliance of the present invention in place in the mouth; 
     FIG. 8 is a cross-section of the dental appliance of the present invention taken at approximately the lines  8 — 8  of FIG. 4; 
     FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines  9 — 9  of FIG. 4 partially broken away at the arch; 
     FIG. 9 a  is an enlarged, detailed and broken away view of the interlocking projections  77 ; 
     FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines  10 — 10  of FIG. 4 partially broken away showing the interlocking projections; 
     FIG. 11 is a view similar to FIG. 10 with the posterior teeth fitted to the appliance; 
     FIG. 12 is a bottom plan view partially broken away showing another traction pad configuration; 
     FIG. 13 is a view similar to FIG. 12 showing another traction pad configuration; and 
     FIG. 14 is a perspective view collectively showing three different form-fitted appliances for different people made from the same invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     To understand the structural features and benefits of the dental appliance  70  of the present invention, some anatomy will first be described. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 1A, the user or athlete has a mouth  10  generally comprised of a rigid upper jaw  12  and a moveable lower jaw  42  which are movably connected at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)  32  and  50 . 
     More specifically, the rigid upper jaw  12  has gum tissue  14  within mouth  10 . Gum tissue  14 , as well as the bone thereunder, supports anterior teeth (incisors and canines)  18  which have incisal or biting surfaces  19 . The gum tissues  14  and the bone thereunder also support posterior teeth (molars and bicuspids)  22  which have cusps or biting surfaces  26 . 
     Referring to one side of the human head, the temporal bone  28  is located upwardly and rearwardly of the upper jaw  12  and is in the range of {fraction (1/16)} to {fraction (1/32)} inch thick. The articular eminence  30  forms the beginning of the fossae  32  or the socket of the temporomandibular joint  32  and  50 . 
     Rearwardly and posteriorly to the articular eminence  30  is located cartilage  34 . Through the temporomandibular joint  32  and  50  pass the auriculo-temporalis nerve  36  and the supra-temporo artery  38 . Posteriorly to this structure is located the inner ear  40 . Within the mouth is located tongue  39  and the roof or hard palate  41 , which terminates rearwardly into the soft palate and forwardly into the anterior palate or ruggae  43 . The ruggae  43  has a ribbed surface which is identifiable by fingers or tongue  39 . 
     The movable jaw or mandible  42  supports a bone covered by gum tissue  44  which further supports anterior teeth (incisors and canines)  46  with incisal or biting surfaces  47  and posterior teeth (molars and bicuspids)  48  with occlusal biting surfaces  49 . The condyle  50  of the lower jaw  42  forms the ball of the temporomandibular joint  32  and  50 . The anatomical structure is the same for both sides of the head. 
     Repeated impacts, collisions, blows, stress or forces exerted on the movable lower jaw  42  result in excessive wearing forces upon the condyle  50  and the cartilage, meniscus, or disc  34 —typically resulting in bone deterioration on the head of the condyle or slippage and compressive damage of the cartilage  34 . Thereafter, the lower jaw  42  may be subject to irregular movement, pain, loss of comfortable range of movement and clicking of the joint  32  and  50 . 
     The auriculo-temporalis nerve  36  relates to both sensory and motor activity of the body. Any impingement or pinching of this nerve  36  can result in health problems as previously mentioned. The supra-temporal artery  38  is important in that it provides blood circulation to portions of the head. Impingement, pinching, rupture or blockage of this artery  38  will result in possible loss of consciousness and reduced physical ability and endurance due to the restriction of blood flow to portions of the brain. Thus, it is extremely important to assure that the condyle  50  does not impinge upon the auriculo-temporalis nerve  36  or the supra-temporal artery  38 . 
     It is also important to note that the temporal bone  28  is not too thick in the area of the glenoid fossae. Medical science has known that a sharp shock, stress, or concussive force applied to the lower jaw  42  possibly could result in the condyle  50  protruding through the glenoid fossae of the temporal bone  28 , thereby causing death. There is a suture line (growth and development seam) in the glenoid fossae, resulting in a possible weakness in the fossae in many humans. This incident rarely, but sometimes, occurs with respect to boxing athletes. 
     The dental appliance of the present invention is shown in the Figures as reference numeral  70 . 
     The dental appliance  70  has a pair of quadruple-composite occlusal pads  72 , comprised of four layers of distinct materials  74 ,  80 ,  90  and  100 . Each pad may or may not have a preformed moldable labial or buccal wall  82  (present in FIGS. 3,  8  and  10 ). The absence of a rigid labial wall assures comfortable fitting for any width of mouth and posterior teeth  22 . 
     The materials may have antimicrobial or antibacterial agents added. Swiss made Triclosan® by Siba Giegy or Microban® by Microban of Huntersville, N.C. 20808 are acceptable agents. 
     The traction pads or first layer  74  contacts and grips the occlusal biting surfaces  49  of the posterior teeth  48  of the lower jaw and is composed of a durable, resilient material which deforms somewhat when the jaws are closed and cushions the teeth  48  of the lower jaw. 
     The durable, resilient material of the first layer  74  comprises a mixture of a styrene block copolymer and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). A suitable styrene block copolymer is available as DYNAFLEX® part number G2782 from GLS Corporation, Thermoplastic Elastomers Division, 833 Ridgeview Dr., McHenry, Ill. 60050. EVA is available from a number of sources, such as the ELVAX® resins from Dupont Packaging and Industrial Polymers, 1007 Market Street, Wilmington, Del. 19898. It is desirable that the durable, resilient material have a Shore “A” hardness of 82, which is very durable, yet rubbery. 
     In a second embodiment, the durable, resilient material of the first layer  74  comprises a mixture of a styrene block copolymer as described above and a polyolefin elastomer. Preferably, the polyolefin elastomer is a copolymer of ethylene and octene-1. A suitable copolymer is available as ENGAGE® from Dupont Canada, Inc., P.O. Box 2200, Streetsville, Mississauga, Ontario L5M 2H3. 
     In a third embodiment, the durable, resilient material of the first layer  74  comprises a mixture of a thermoplastic rubber and a polyolefin elastomer as described above. Suitable thermoplastic rubbers are Santoprene® from Advanced Elastomer Systems, L.P., 388 South Main Street, Akron, Ohio  44311  and Kraton® thermoplastic rubber from the Shell Oil Company, Houston, Tex. Kraton® is composed of a styrene-ethylene/butylenes-styrene block copolymer and other ingredients. The composition of Santoprene® is a trade secret. 
     The second layer  80  is composed of a non-softenable, flexible material that rigidly holds its shape in hot water and will not melt during molding of succeeding materials  90  and  100 . Polypropylene (co-polymer) is suitable. Polypropylene part number AP6112-HS from Huntsman Corporation, Chesapeake, Va. 23320, has a melting point of 386° F. The second layer includes a connected framework  80  including the pad plate  82 , cross-cantilevered connectors  86  and the serpentine Belvedere bridge  88 . 
     The third layer  90  is comprised of a hard, very durable material. High-density polyethylene is a typical material. A suitable high-density polyethylene is HD-6706 ESCORENE® Injection Molding Resin from ExxonMobil Chemical Company, P.O. Box 3272, Houston, Tex. 77253-3272. This material is a linear polyethylene or ethylene-olefin copolymer. The third layer must be hard enough so that it cannot be penetrated by the teeth under maximum biting pressure and thereby forms a bite plate  90 . 
     The fourth arch layer  100  comprises a softenable material contacting the teeth of the upper jaw and encapsulating the framework  80 , bite plate  90  and partially the traction pads  74 . Typically, the material is softenable by heat. 
     In one embodiment, the softenable material of the fourth layer  100  comprises a mixture of polycaprolactone. A suitable polycaprolactone is Tone™ Polymer P-767 from Union Carbide Corporation, 39 Old Ridgebury Road, Danbury, Conn. 06817-0001. 
     In a second embodiment, the softenable material of the fourth layer  100  comprises a mixture of polycaprolactone and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) such as ELVAX®. 
     In a third embodiment, the softenable material of the fourth layer  100  comprises ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) alone, such as ELVAX®. 
     In a fourth embodiment, the softenable material of the fourth layer  100  comprises a mixture of polycaprolactone and a polyolefin elastomer. Preferably, the polyolefin elastomer is a copolymer of ethylene and octene-1. A suitable copolymer is available as ENGAGE® from Dupont Canada, Inc., P.O. Box 2200, Streetsville, Mississauga, Ontario L5M 2H3. 
     As can be seen best in FIG. 8, the softenable material of the fourth layer  100  extends downwardly over encapsulating the second and third layers, forming the labial wall  82  of the appliance and leaving only the tread  76  of traction pads  74  exposed. 
     The four layers are bonded together. In addition, the bite plate  90  and framework  80  are further interlocked with the first layer  74  by projections  77  in the first layer mating with apertures  94  in the bite plate. 
     The dental appliance  70  further comprises a continuous vertical arch  100  open anteriorly and posteriorly, extending from the fourth layer  100  of the occlusal pads  72  and constructed from the softenable material of the fourth layer  100 . As best seen in FIGS. 2 and 5, the arch  100  is canted forwardly from the occlusal pads  72  toward the anterior teeth  18  of the upper jaw  12 , so that the arch  100  contacts the upper jaw  12  adjacent the gum tissue  14  of the anterior teeth  18  at the ruggae or anterior palate  43 . The arch  100  is adapted to expand and contract to be molded to the anterior palate  43  and adapted to lie along the anterior palate out of the way of the tongue and extending directly across to and connecting the pads  72  together within the mouth and out of the way of the tongue to maintain the positions of the occlusal pads within the mouth and to prevent loss of the pads such as by swallowing. The arch fourth material  100  forms tooth channel  102  with central raised portion  104 , labial wall  106  and lingual wall  108 . 
     A tunnel  110  (FIG. 8) extends beneath the arch  100  and is defined by the arch  100  and the lingual walls  108 . The tunnel  110  is open anteriorly and posteriorly to allow unobstructed movement of the tongue  39  anteriorly and posteriorly. 
     The framework  80  of the dental appliance  70  further preferably comprises a serpentine Belevedere bridge  88  embedded within the softenable material of the arch  100 . The bridge  88  is expandable and contractible, thereby following the arch  100  as it is molded to the palate. Also, the bridge  88  does not soften as much as the arch  100  during heating, and therefore prevents the arch  100  from collapsing during the fitting process described below. The bridge  88  is preferably comprised of the non-softening material of the second layer  80  and is continuous with the Cross-cantilever connectors  86  which is connected to the occlusal pad plates  82 . Thus, the appliance does not go limp upon heating as its shape is supported by the bridge  88 , connectors  86  and pad plate  82 . 
     To create the dental appliance  70  of the present invention, the second layer framework  80  is formed, including the occlusal pad plate  82  with openings  84  therethrough. Cross-cantilevered connectors  86  connect along the length of the pad plate  82  and join up with the serpentine Belevedere bridge  88  to give the appliance  70  rigidity while yet permitting the appliance to expand and contract laterally and upwardly as will be appreciated (see arrows in FIG.  4 ). Next, the third layer bite plate or reverse wedge  90  is formed having bosses or raised portions  92  on their underside along with apertures  94  extending therethrough. Next, the bite plate  90  has its bosses indexed into the openings  84  of the framework pad plate  82 . The first layer traction pads are next formed with their locking knobs  76  extending up through openings  84  and apertures  94  locking the first  74 , second  80 , and third  90  layers together. Lastly, the fourth layer arch  100  is formed around the entire dental appliance  70 , excepting the tread portion  76  of the traction pad  74 . Tooth channel  102  was formed along with central raised portion  104 , labial or buckle wall  106  and lingual or inner wall  108 . Tunnel  110  is thus formed thereunder. 
     To prevent the traction pads  74  from shearing away from the bite plate  90 , the projection  77  further comprises a curved portion  78  and thereby capturing and interlocking pads  74 , framework  80  and bite plate  90 . Preferably, the curved portion  78  is convex relative to the central axis XI, as shown in the Figures. This construction deters shearing. 
     To further lock the traction pad  74  to the framework  80 , a lip or retaining lid  79  integral with the traction pad  74  wraps over the pad plate  82  of the framework  80  like the lid of a bucket and thereby holds the appliance together as shown in FIGS. 9-11. 
     To fit the dental appliance  70  to the user&#39;s mouth, the dental appliance  70  is placed in hot water at about 212° Fahrenheit (i.e., water that has been brought to a boil and then taken off the heat) for about  15  seconds. The dental appliance is then removed from the hot water, and it will be very soft, but the framework  80  will hold the appliance&#39;s general shape. Excess water is allowed to drain off the appliance  70  by holding it with a spoon so that the walls  108  of the appliance  70  do not touch (they will stick to each other if brought together and will be very difficult to separate). 
     Next, the wearer carefully places the appliance  70  in the mouth so that the anterior portion of the appliance  70  touches or covers the eye teeth (the third set of teeth from the front) and extends backwards toward the molars, bites down firmly on the appliance  70  and pushes the tongue against the roof of the mouth. The Cross cantilevered connectors guide the upper molars  22  into position on pads  72 . With a strong sucking motion, the wearer draws out all air and water from the appliance  70 . The projections or knobs  77  will index to the cusps of the molars  22 . 
     With a thumb, the wearer presses the appliance  70  tight against the roof of the mouth and then uses his hands and fingers to press the outside of the cheeks against the appliance  70 , as the fourth layer of raised portion  104  oozes inwardly and outwardly to form the lingual and buccal walls  108  and  106  respectively. Because there is no rigid lingual wall, the appliance  70  will fit any width of molar  22  or mouth. 
     The wearer retains the appliance  70  in the mouth for at least one minute and, with the appliance  70  still in the mouth, takes a drink of cold water. Next, the wearer removes the appliance  70  from the mouth and places it in cold water for about 30 seconds. 
     The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof; therefore, the illustrated embodiment should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being made to the appended claims rather than to the foregoing description to indicate the scope of the invention.