Abstract:
A steam cooker includes a steam generator including a heating chamber defining a volume for holding water. A heat exchanger is associated with the heating chamber so as to generate steam. A steam superheater superheats steam traveling from the heating chamber to a steam cooking chamber.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
   The present application relates to steam cookers and more particularly to a steam cooker including a steam superheated. 
   BACKGROUND 
   Steam cookers have been successfully employed by restaurants, hospitals and other food service operations to prepare quickly and conveniently large quantities of food. Increases in productivity and efficiency are regularly sought and therefore decreasing the time and energy needed to steam cook products would be desirable. 
   SUMMARY 
   In an aspect, a steam cooker includes a steam generator including a heating chamber defining a volume for holding water. A heat exchanger is associated with the heating chamber with the heat exchanger being configured to have hot gases pass there through in order to heat water in the heating chamber so as to generate steam. A steam superheated has a first passageway in communication with the heat exchanger to receive hot gases from the heat exchanger and a second passageway in communication with the heating chamber to receive steam from the heating chamber with the first and second passageways arranged in a heat exchange relationship where, in use, steam generated in the heating chamber travels along the second passageway while hot gases travel along the first passageway to superheat steam in the second passageway. A steam cooking chamber is in communication with the second passageway to receive superheated steam from the second passageway. 
   In another aspect, a steam cooker includes a steam generator including a heating chamber defining a volume for holding water. A heat exchanger is associated with the heating chamber, the heat exchanger configured to have hot gases pass there through in order to heat water in the heating chamber so as to generate steam. An exhaust stack is arranged to receive hot gases from the heat exchanger. A steam flow path receives steam from the heating chamber, the steam flow path arranged in a heat exchange relationship with the exhaust stack such that, in use, steam moving along the steam flow path is superheated by heat from hot gases traveling along the exhaust stack. A steam cooking chamber receives superheated steam from the steam flow path. 
   In another aspect, a method of cooking using superheated steam is provided. The method includes generating steam from water disposed in a boiler comprising a heating chamber and a heat exchanger disposed in the heating chamber where hot gases pass through the heat exchanger. The steam is superheated in a superheated having a first passageway in communication with the heat exchanger for receiving hot gases and a second passageway in communication with the heating chamber for receiving steam with the first and second passageways being in thermal communication such that steam traveling from the heating chamber along the second passageway is superheated by hot gases traveling from the heat exchanger along the first passageway. The superheated steam is introduced to a cooking chamber. 
   In another aspect, a steam cooker includes a steam generator including a heating chamber defining a volume for holding water and an on-board heat exchanger associated with the heating chamber. A steam path is in communication with the heating chamber to receive steam from the heating chamber and extends to a steam cooking chamber. An on-board heating mechanism located along the steam path for superheating steam traveling along the steam path to a temperature of between about 220 and 260 degrees F. 
   The use of superheated steam to cook food products can, in some cases, decrease cooking times and reduce the amount of energy consumed because the energy used to raise the temperature of the steam to the superheated state is energy that otherwise would have been lost through exhausted flue gases. 
   The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic illustration of an embodiment of a steam cooker including a steam superheated. 
       FIG. 2  is a side view of an embodiment of a steam superheated. 
       FIG. 3  is a section view of the superheated of  FIG. 2 . 
       FIG. 4  is a diagrammatic illustration of another embodiment of a steam cooker including a steam superheated. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates another embodiment of a steam cooker heating chamber. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   Referring to  FIG. 1 , a low-pressure steam cooker  10  includes a steam generator  12  for generating steam and a cooking chamber  14  that is in communication with the steam generator. The cooking chamber  14  is formed by an insulate housing and includes a door  15  movable between open and closed conditions. As will be described below, the steam generator  12  includes a heating chamber  18  where steam is generated and a steam superheated  16  capable of superheating the steam generated in the heating chamber under relatively low pressure conditions (e.g., in some embodiments, at most about five psi, such as about three psi). 
   Referring still to  FIG. 1 , disposed within the heating chamber  18  is a gas heat exchanger  20  in the form of a submerged heat exchange tube. As shown, heat exchanger  20  includes a helical portion  22 , however, any suitable design can be used. The heat exchanger  20  is connected to a burner unit  24  (e.g., a metal fiber, fan-driven burner having a stainless steel mesh and stainless steel tube, such as a Model BCT0027, available from N.V. Acotech S.A., Kennesaw, Ga.) that is capable of generating hot gases for delivery to the heat exchanger. Heat exchanger  20  is located in the heating chamber  18  such that it can be in a heat exchange relationship with water disposed therein. While the illustrated heat exchange relationship with the water is via submersion of the heat exchanger, it is possible that hot gas could pass through ducts that are not submerged, such as ducts that run along the exterior wall of the heating chamber  18 . The heating chamber  18  includes an inlet  26  for ingress of water into the heating chamber from a water source (not shown) and an outlet  28  for egress of water from the heating chamber (as when the chamber is to be drained). A valve (not shown) controls water flow into the heating chamber, e.g., to maintain a desired water level within the heating chamber  18  during steam production. Disposed between the steam superheated  16  and cooking chamber  14  is a valve  32  that controls the flow rate of superheated steam into the cooking chamber (in some embodiments, the flow rate of superheated steam from steam superheated  16  into the cooking chamber is between about 35 and about 90 pounds per hour, such as about 50 pounds per hour where the volume of the cooking chamber is between about 164 and 245 cubic inches). 
   Referring now to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , steam superheated  16  includes an outer tube  34  and an inner tube  36  disposed within the outer tube. Outer tube  34  includes an inlet coupling  38  associated with a steam outlet  37  of the heating chamber  18  and an outlet coupling  39  associated with the cooking chamber  14  ( FIG. 1 ). Inner tube  36  includes a gas inlet  40  fluidly connected to the heat exchanger  20  and an exhaust outlet  42  for the venting of combustion gases. 
   Referring particularly to  FIG. 3 , as shown, inner tube  36  is concentrically arranged within outer tube  34  to form a steam passageway  44  between the inner and outer tubes and about the periphery of the inner tube and an exhaust passageway  47  within the inner tube. In another embodiment, the steam passageway  44  might be located alongside, but not surrounding, the exhaust passageway  47 , or the exhaust passageway  47  could surround the steam passageway  44 . End caps  46  and  48  interconnect the inner tube  36  and the outer tube  34  and seal the passageway  44  formed there between from the atmosphere. The end caps  46 ,  48  each include a mounting plate  50  having a pair of openings  52 ,  54 , e.g., for receiving a fastener, for use in mounting the steam superheated  16 . Of course, other mounting means can be utilized, such as welding. A suitable method for connecting the inner and outer tubes to the end caps is welding, as an example. 
   In some embodiments, the inner tube  36  has an inner diameter D 1  of between about 2.5 and 5 inches, such as about 3 inches and an outer diameter D 2  of between about 3.5 and 5.5 inches, such as about 3.5 inches. In certain embodiments, the outer tube  34  has an inner diameter D 1 ′ of between about 3.5 and 5.5 inches, such as 4 inches and an outer diameter D 2 ′ of between about 4.5 and 6 inches, such as about 4.5 inches. The length L of the passageway  44  measured between end caps  46 ,  48  can be between about 20 and 30 inches, such as about 25 inches. These parameters are exemplary and can be varied depending on, for example, the desired steam temperatures and pressures and the size of the steam cooker. Any suitable material can be used to form the inner and outer tubes including, for example, food contact grade materials, such as stainless steel. 
   Referring back to  FIG. 1 , during use, the heating chamber  18  is filled with an amount of water (e.g., between about 10 and 15 gallons, such as about 13 gallons) through inlet  26 . The combustion gases of burner unit  24  provide a temperature that is suitable to generate steam from the water disposed within the heating chamber  18 . In some embodiments, the combustion gases are at a temperature of at least about 2000 degrees F., such as about 2100 degrees F. The combustion gases are introduced to the heat exchanger  20  where heat is transferred via the surface of the heat exchanger to the water disposed in the tank. When the combustion gases have traveled through the heat exchanger  20 , the gases are exhausted through the inner tube  36  and out the exhaust outlet  42 . 
   When the water reaches a temperature sufficient to generate steam, the steam exits steam outlet  37  and is directed to inlet coupling  38  along passageway  58 . As steam travels along the passageway  44  in the direction of arrow  62 , the combustion gases traveling along exhaust passageway  47  in the direction of arrow  64  heat the steam via heat transfer at the outer surface of tube  36 . This counter flow arrangement, in some cases, may maintain a relative constant temperature differential (in some embodiments, a temperature differential of between about 800 and 1000 degrees F.) between the hot gases traveling along passageway  47  and steam traveling along passageway  44 , which can provide more efficient steam superheating compared to a flow arrangement in which both the combustion gases and steam travel in the same direction. However, in some embodiments a counterblow arrangement may not be needed or feasible. Other flow arrangements are possible. 
   In some embodiments, a temperature of the steam traveling along the passageway  44  is increased at least about ten percent as it approaches the outlet coupling  37 , e.g., to a temperature of between about 220 and 260 degrees F., such as about 240 degrees F. To increase the temperature of the steam, in some embodiments, the temperature of the gases entering the passageway  47  is between about 900 and 1200 degrees F., such as about 1000 degrees F. The superheated steam is then directed to the cooking chamber  14  along passageway  60  and the hot gases are vented from the exhaust passageway  47 . 
   In other embodiments, multiple steam super heaters  16  can be provided to supply superheated steam to the cooking chamber  14 . Further, a single steam superheated could be connected to feed superheated steam to more than one cooking chamber. 
   It is to be clearly understood that the above description is intended by way of illustration and example only and is not intended to be taken by way of limitation, and that changes and modifications are possible. For example, while the use of a heat exchanger that receives combustion gases is primarily described, units that utilize other types of heat exchangers could be provided. For example, reference is made to  FIG. 5  in which a heating tank chamber  100  includes a submerged electrical, resistive heating element  102 . The resistive element  102  could be contained within a heating plate  104  that makes up the bottom surface of the chamber  100 . In such an embodiment the steamer would include a wall plug and related power supply for energizing the element  102 . Further, while the use of combustion gases traveling along the exhaust stack is primarily described as being used for superheating the steam, in another embodiment, shown in  FIG. 4 , a resistive heating element  110  could be located along (either within as shown or external as in the case of a restive wire wound thereabout) the steam path leading from the heating tank to the steam cooking chamber for the purpose of superheating the steam. In such an embodiment the steamer would include a wall plug and related power supply for energizing the element  102 . A combination of the heating tank of  FIG. 5  and superheating arrangement of  FIG. 4  could also be provided. An additional gas heating element could also be located for superheating the steam.