Abstract:
This module ( 5 ) serves to filter a raw setpoint (N 1 _CMD_OP) for a corrector network ( 6 ) in a system ( 20 ) for regulating an engine. It comprises:
       a module ( 54 ) for detecting a filtering condition for filtering said raw setpoint; and   means for supplying said corrector network with a filtered setpoint (N 1 _CMD_LIM) instead of said raw setpoint when the filtering condition is detected.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The invention relates to the general field of managing a setpoint in an engine. 
         [0002]    It seeks more particularly to minimize the problem of overshoot as occurs in particular in systems operating in a servo-control mode and in which the adjusted value temporarily exceeds the level of the variable setpoint. 
         [0003]    The invention finds a particular but non-limiting application in a system for regulating a turbojet, where the role of such a system is to maintain the operating point of the jet so as to obtain the thrust requested by the pilot. 
         [0004]    Specifically, and in particular in the field of turbojets, in order to able to absorb this overshoot phenomenon, it is necessary to provide a safety margin between the maximum speed to be reached for delivering the specified thrust, and the mechanical strength limits of the jet, with this overdimensioning leading in harmful manner to an increase in the weight of the turbojet. 
         [0005]    In the field of turbojets, in order to avoid or limit overshoot phenomena, it is common practice to act on the adjustment of the speed control corrector network that generates the fuel flow rate command for the fuel metering units of the turbojet. 
         [0006]    Unfortunately, those methods degrade the performance of the corrector, including during operating stages for which the initial adjustment was satisfactory. They also require metering units that are fast and relatively expensive in order to be capable of responding to the setpoints transmitted by the corrector network. 
         [0007]    The invention seeks in particular to mitigate those drawbacks. 
       OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    The present invention satisfies this need by proposing a method of filtering a raw setpoint for a corrector network in a system for regulating an engine. The method comprises:
       a step of detecting a filtering condition for filtering the raw setpoint; and   a step of supplying a filtered setpoint to the corrector network instead of the raw setpoint when the filtering condition is detected.       
 
         [0011]    Thus, and in general manner, the invention proposes a solution seeking to filter the setpoint upstream from the corrector network, thereby making it possible to avoid all of the problems inherent to replacing or adjusting the corrector network. 
         [0012]    In a particular implementation of the invention, the filtering condition is true when the engine speed exceeds a protection threshold value. 
         [0013]    This particular implementation makes it possible advantageously to take action only on engine speeds that are very high, close to the mechanical strength limits of the engine. 
         [0014]    In a particular implementation of the invention:
       the filtered setpoint is limited to a threshold value so long as the engine speed has not stabilized around the filtered setpoint; and   the filtered setpoint is increased progressively until it reaches the raw setpoint once the engine speed has stabilized around the filtered setpoint.       
 
         [0017]    This implementation makes it possible to slow down speed gradients at the end of acceleration so as to approach the final setpoint sufficiently slowly to avoid overshoot. 
         [0018]    Correspondingly, the invention also provides a module for filtering a raw setpoint for a corrector network in a system for regulating an engine, the module comprising:
       a module for detecting a filtering condition for filtering the raw setpoint; and   means for supplying the corrector network with a filtered setpoint instead of the raw setpoint when the filtering condition is detected.       
 
         [0021]    The invention also provides a system for regulating a turbojet and including a filter module as mentioned above, a corrector network, a jet, and a speed sensor. 
         [0022]    The invention also provides a turbojet including a regulator system as mentioned above. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0023]    Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention appear from the following description made with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show an embodiment having no limiting character. 
           [0024]    In the figures: 
           [0025]      FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic view of a turbojet in a particular embodiment of the invention; 
           [0026]      FIG. 2  shows a regulator system in a particular embodiment of the invention; 
           [0027]      FIG. 3  shows a principle for filtering a setpoint in accordance with a particular implementation of the invention; 
           [0028]      FIG. 4  is a diagram showing a filter module in accordance with a particular embodiment of the invention; 
           [0029]      FIG. 5  is a diagram showing a gradient limiter that can be used in the  FIG. 4  filter module; and 
           [0030]      FIG. 6  is a flow chart showing the main steps of a setpoint filtering method in accordance with a particular implementation of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0031]      FIG. 1  is a diagram of an aircraft turbojet  1  in accordance with a particular embodiment of the invention. 
         [0032]    In known manner, the turbojet of longitudinal axis X-X comprises in particular a fan  42  that delivers a stream of air into a primary stream flow passage  44  and into a secondary stream flow passage  46  that is coaxial around the primary stream flow passage. 
         [0033]    From upstream to downstream, in the flow direction of the gas stream passing therethrough, the primary stream flow passage  44  includes: a low pressure compressor  48 ; a high pressure compressor  50 ; a combustion chamber  52 ; a high pressure turbine  54 ; and a low pressure turbine  56 . 
         [0034]    The turbojet  1  is regulated by a regulator system  20  of the invention and shown in  FIG. 2 . In general manner, the regulator system determines a fuel flow rate setpoint WF 32 C and causes fuel to be injected into the turbojet as a function of the fuel flow rate setpoint as determined. 
         [0035]    In the presently-described embodiment, the regulator system  20  comprises a filter module  5  in accordance with the invention, a corrector network  6 , a jet  7 , and a speed sensor  8 . 
         [0036]    In known manner, the corrector network  6  provides the fuel flow setpoint WF 32 C to the jet  7  as a function of the difference between the engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM and a measured engine speed N 1 _MES as determined by the speed sensor  8 . 
         [0037]    In remarkable manner, the engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM as determined by the filter module  5  is a setpoint that is filtered on approaching the mechanical strength limits of the turbojet  1 . 
         [0038]    In the presently-described embodiment, the filter module  5  determines the filtered engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM as a function of a raw engine speed setpoint C 1 _CMD_OP, which is proportional to the position of a throttle lever  4  controlled by a pilot of the aircraft, and as a function of the measured engine speed N 1 _MES as determined by the speed sensor. 
         [0039]      FIG. 3  shows the principle on which the filter module  5  operates. In this figure:
       the abscissa axis is an axis plotting time t;   the ordinate axis shows engine speed, i.e. in this example the speed of rotation of the high pressure spool  50 ,  54 ;   the engine speed limit N 1 _MAX defined by the mechanical characteristics of the turbojet;   the raw engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_OP;   the filtered engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM; and   the measured engine speed N 1 _MES.       
 
         [0046]    In accordance with the invention, the filtered engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM is governed in three stages, namely:
       a non-protection, first stage (PNP) so long as the raw engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_OP is less than a protection threshold SEUIL_PROT, during which stage the filtered setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM corresponds exactly to the raw setpoint N 1 _CMD_OP, with no raw setpoint correction being performed;   a stabilization, second stage (PSTAB) during which the filtered engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM is forced to the value of the protection threshold SEUIL_PROT when the raw engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_OP exceeds this protection threshold SEUIL_PROT and so long as the engine speed N 1 _MES has not stabilized around the limited engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM; and   a moderate acceleration, third stage (PAM) during which the limited engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM is caused progressively to come closer to the raw engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_OP following a moderate ramp RMP, once the engine speed N 1 _MES has stabilized around the filtered setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM for a stabilization duration DSTAB.       
 
         [0050]    In the presently-described implementation, the stabilization duration DSTAB is selected to be about 0.5 seconds (s) and the ramp RMP has a gradient of about 200 revolutions rpm/s enabling the nominal control level to be reached in about 0.8 s. 
         [0051]      FIG. 4  shows a filter module in a particular embodiment of the invention. 
         [0052]    In the description below, consideration is given to signals and parameters that are sampled with a sampling period Te. By way of example, this sampling period may be of the order of 20 milliseconds (ms) to 40 ms. 
         [0053]    Nevertheless, it should be observed that the invention could equally well be implemented using signals and parameters that are continuous. 
         [0054]    As described above, the filter module  5  receives as input the raw engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_OP and the engine speed measurement N 1 _MES; and it outputs the filtered engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM. 
         [0055]    In the presently-described implementation, the filter module  5  includes a gradient limiter  52 , described below with reference to  FIG. 5 , that is suitable for returning a value N 1 _LIM_OVSH in compliance with the above-described non-protection stage PNP, stabilization stage PSTAB, and moderate acceleration stage PAM. More precisely, the value N 1 _LIM_OVSH:
       is equal to the protection threshold SEUIL_PROT during the non-protection stage PNP and the stabilization stage PSTAB; and   increases progressively from the protection threshold SEUIL_PROT to the raw engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_OP following the ramp RMP during the moderate acceleration stage PAM.       
 
         [0058]    In the presently-described implementation, the filtered engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM is the minimum of the value N 1 _LIM_OVSH returned by the gradient limiter  52  and the raw engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_OP (module MIN reference  53  in  FIG. 4 ). 
         [0059]    The filter module  5  includes a module  54  suitable for determining whether the engine speed N 1 _MES has stabilized around the filtered engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM for a duration DSTAB, which condition is necessary for the stabilization stage PSTAB. 
         [0060]    In the presently-described implementation, the module  54  comprises:
       a subtracter  540  suitable for obtaining the difference between the engine speed measurement N 1 _MES(n) and the filtered engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM(n−1) at the preceding sample (delay element  57 ,  FIG. 4 );   an element  542  known to the person skilled in the art and suitable for determining the absolute value of this difference;   a comparator  544  suitable for comparing the absolute value with a stabilization threshold SEUIL_STAB close to zero; and   a counter  546  suitable for returning a signal N 1 _STAB of value TRUE as soon as the input I of the counter  546  is TRUE for the duration DSTAB.       
 
         [0065]    The gradient limiter  52  is described with reference to  FIG. 5 . It receives as input:
       a gradient value GMAX determined by a gradient selector  56 , which is equal to zero when the engine speed N 1 _MES has not stabilized (N 1 _STAB=FALSE), and which is equal to a ramp gradient value GRAMP when the engine speed has stabilized (N 1 _STAB=TRUE); and   the maximum value e between the raw engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_OP and the protection threshold SEUIL-PROT (module MAX, reference  57  in  FIG. 4 ). When the system starts, the value e is thus equal to SEUIL PROT.       
 
         [0068]    The gradient limiter  52  includes a delay  520  that is initialized at the protection threshold SEUIL_PROT and that is suitable for supplying the value of the output signal at the preceding sample N 1 _LIM_OVSH(n−1). 
         [0069]    The gradient limiter  52  includes a subtracter module  522  suitable for calculating the difference between the input value and N 1 _LIM_OVSH(n−1). Throughout the non-protection stage PNP, the output from the subtracter module  522  is thus equal to zero. 
         [0070]    The gradient limiter  52  includes a module  524  suitable for determining the minimum between the output from the subtracter module  522  and the value GMAX, which is equal to zero so long as the engine speed has not stabilized. 
         [0071]    The gradient limiter includes an adder module  526  suitable for supplying the output signal N 1 _LIM_OVSH(n) by adding the output from the module  524  and the value of the output signal at the preceding sample N 1 _LIM_OVSH(n−1). 
         [0072]    Throughout the entire non-protection stage PNP, the output signal N 1 _LIM_OVSH is thus equal to the protection threshold SEUIL_PROT. 
         [0073]    When the raw engine speed threshold N 1 _CMD_OP exceeds the protection threshold SEUIL_PROT, the output from the subtracter module  522  becomes positive. 
         [0074]    However throughout the stabilization stage PSTAB, the gradient value GMAX determined by the gradient selector  56  remains zero, so that the output signal N 1 _LIM_OVSH remains equal to the protection threshold SEUIL_PROT. 
         [0075]    Once the engine speed N 1 _MES has stabilized around the filtered engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM, the gradient value GMAX takes the ramp gradient value GRAMP such that the output signal N 1 _LIM_OVSH increases progressively from the protection threshold SEUIL_PROT up to the raw engine speed setpoint N 1 _CMD_OP, following the ramp RAMP of the moderate acceleration stage PAM. 
         [0076]      FIG. 6  shows a setpoint filter method in accordance with a particular implementation of the invention. 
         [0077]    This method has a step E 10  during which it is verified whether the filtering condition for filtering the raw setpoint is true. In the presently-described implementation, this consists in verifying whether the raw setpoint N 1 _CMD_OP is greater than the protection threshold SEUIL_PROT. If not, then the raw setpoint is sent to the corrector network  6  without modification. 
         [0078]    If the filtering condition is detected, then during a step E 20 , it is verified whether the engine speed N 1 _MES has stabilized around the filtered setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM. If not, the filtered setpoint sent to the corrector network  6  is limited to the value of the protection threshold SEUIL_PROT (step E 30 ). 
         [0079]    Once the engine speed N 1 _MES has stabilized around the filtered setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM, then the filtered setpoint N 1 _CMD_LIM is increased progressively until it reaches the raw setpoint N 1 _CMD_OP (step E 40 ).