Abstract:
A system and process for automatic storage, enforcement and override of consumer do-not-call (DNC) requests includes a control device for selectively blocking communication between a communication device and a destination over a communication medium. The control device is connected to the communication medium and to a database for storing identifiers of destinations for which communication is to be blocked. The communication device has an input mechanism responsive to a user to generate an identifier of the destination. The input mechanism is also responsive to an update signal indicating that the identifier should be added to the database or an override signal indicating that the blocked call should in fact, be permitted, thereby overriding the blocking mechanism. The communication device is automatically updated with information stored in the database which may be used by the communication device to process further communication.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This is a continuing application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/853,563, filed May 8, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,130,937 entitled SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR AUTOMATIC STORAGE, ENFORCEMENT AND OVERRIDE OF CONSUMER DO-NOT-CALL REQUESTS. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is related to telephone and software systems and processes which inhibit telephonic communications to a particular telephone number or other identified destination. More particularly, the present invention is related to systems and processes for automatic update and override of telephone numbers with which communication is to be inhibited. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Most telephone systems are capable of preventing telephone connections from being established according to the telephone number dialed. Such systems are provided by a telephone service provider and typically are used to block telephone calls that would incur a fee, such as long distances calls or numbers having a “1-900” or “1-976” prefix. See for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,786,196 and 5,109,408. 
     Recently, federal, state and industry-imposed telephone solicitation laws and regulations mandate that a consumer, who expresses a desire not to be solicited by telephone, not be called. By regulation, a list must be maintained by each company and is commonly called a “do-not-call” list. In order to comply with these laws and regulations, most companies have instituted a procedure whereby a telephone solicitor prepares a memo listing the telephone numbers for which consumers have indicated a desire not be solicited. These numbers eventually are provided to the telephone service provider of the company. The telephone service provider programs the central office (e.g.  40  in FIG. 3) associated with the company&#39;s office to prevent telephone calls to the listed telephone numbers from phones within the company. Other individual offices in the company are not prevented from calling numbers on the “do-not-call” list unless the telephone service provider programs each individual number in each central office associated with each office of the company. 
     One problem with this methodology is that the ability to add a number to a set of prohibited numbers requires a significant amount of manual effort, which is fraught with error, delay, and requires the telephone service provider to do the programming. It also is difficult to override the blocking system without repeating the entire process in reverse. For example, a personal or other acceptable business call to a number would be completely blocked because the number is on the “do-not-call” list. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The limitations of these systems are overcome with the system in an embodiment of the present invention by allowing numbers to be added automatically to a list of prohibited numbers governing all offices of the company and for inhibited numbers to be temporarily overridden using the same communication device that makes a telephone call. This system and process eliminates the intermediate list maintenance, distribution and intervention by the telephone service provider. 
     Accordingly, one aspect of the invention is a control device for selectively inhibiting communication between a communication device and a destination over a network. The communication device is connected to the network by a communication medium and has an input mechanism which is operative in response to a user to generate an identifier of the destination. This identifier is sent over the communication medium to the network to initiate communication with the destination. The input mechanism of the communication device is operative in response to a user to generate an update signal sent over the communication medium and indicating that communication with the destination corresponding to a most recently sent identifier should be inhibited. The control device is connected to the communication medium and a database to store identifiers for destinations and indicative of destinations for which communication is to be inhibited. In such a control device, the presence of the identifier on the communication medium is detected. The identifier is compared to identifiers in the database. Communication may be inhibited between the communication device and the destination based on the comparison made with the database. Presence of the update signal on the communication medium is detected and the database is modified according to the most recently sent identifier when the signal is detected. 
     Another embodiment of the present invention is a control device or process for selectively permitting communication between a communication device and a destination over a network. The communication device has an input mechanism which is operative in response to a user to generate an identifier of the destination. This identifier is sent over the communication medium to the network to initiate communication with the destination. The communication device, has an input mechanism which is operative in response to a user to generate an override signal sent over the communication medium and indicating that communication with the destination corresponding to a most recently sent identifier should be permitted. The control device is connected to the communication medium and a database to store identifiers for destinations and indicative of destinations for which communication is to be inhibited. In this embodiment, the presence of the identifier on the communication medium is detected. The identifier is compared to identifiers in the database. Communication between the communication device and the destination may be temporarily inhibited based on the comparison made with the database. If the override signal is detected on the communication medium after communication has been inhibited, then communication between the communication device and the destination is permitted. The override signal may be stored in the database. It is probable that the communication inhibiting tone or message will be heard by the caller before a connection is made to the called party. 
     The communication device in the present invention may include a computer, a telephone, or any other communication mechanism. The identifier of a destination may include a telephone number or a computer network address. The identifier in the present invention may be detected in an analog or digital environment at a voice frequency or at a carrier frequency. 
     The communication inhibited in the present invention may include voice transmissions and data transmissions. The communication may be inhibited by overlaying a tone or voice message or generating a software command over the communication medium or any combination thereof. 
     The communication medium in the present invention may include an analog or digital communication format and the network may be circuit or packet switched. 
     The database in the present invention may include an object-oriented or relational database or a flat file. The database may be accessed using read and write commands or a query language, such as SQL. The database in the present invention may be automatically updated and may be used to automatically update the communication device. 
     The database in the present invention may include a plurality of network databases. An override or update signal or identifiers for destinations may be stored in a local database. The plurality of network databases may be periodically updated with information in the local database. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     In the drawings, 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system in one embodiment of the invention, in which offices are connected to a central processing system with a central master database; 
     FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system in another embodiment of the invention, in which offices connect to a central processing hub at a point of presence, which connects to a central processing system with a central master database; 
     FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a telephone system for an office with an office control unit according to one embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating more details of one embodiment of the office control unit; 
     FIG. 5A is a block diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment of the present invention which includes a Computer Telephony Integration (CTI) solution and on-site server for an office control unit; 
     FIG. 5B is a block diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment of the present invention which includes an alternative CTI solution and connection for an office control unit; 
     FIG. 6 is a flowchart describing how the office control unit processes each call on each line initiated by a communication device associated with the lines monitored by the server; 
     FIG. 7 is a diagram of a sample file containing Do-Not-Call (DNC) phone numbers; 
     FIG. 8 is a flowchart describing how a database is searched for a DNC number; 
     FIG. 9 is a flowchart describing how a DNC number is added to the database in one embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 10 is a flowchart describing how inhibited communication with a DNC number is overridden in one embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating more detail of an analog monitoring unit; 
     FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating more detail of a trunk board used in the analog monitoring unit; 
     FIG. 13 is a flowchart describing how the analog monitoring unit operates; 
     FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating the connection between hardware and software components in the digital monitoring unit; and 
     FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating more detail of a digital monitoring unit. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present invention will be more completely understood through the following detailed description which should be read in conjunction with the attached drawings in which similar reference numbers indicate similar structures. 
     Referring now to FIG. 1, one embodiment of the present invention will now be described. This embodiment is designed for use with several offices  10  belonging to one entity. The offices  10  may be grouped together into regions such as indicated at  12  and  14 . Each office  10  has an office control unit  48  (FIG. 3) or  70  (FIGS. 5A and 5B) to be described in more detail below, which monitors outgoing calls and commands from individual communication devices, such as telephone units, within that office  10 . As described in more detail below, each office  10  has its own local database containing Do-Not-Call (DNC) phone numbers. A single office  10  may have its own local administrator system  50 . The administrator  50  may be used, for example, to access the database to generate reports detailing DNC database activity. Each office  10  is also connected to a central processing system  16  which may have its own central administrator system  18 , which maintains a central master database of DNC phone numbers for the entire entity. The central processing system  16  automatically updates each office control unit, and therefore each office  10 , with information stored in the central master database. An administrator system provides basic capabilities for managing the database and will be described in more detail below in connection with FIGS. 1-15. Each region (e.g. A or B) may also have its own regional administrator system, such as indicated at  20  and  22 . 
     Referring now to FIG. 2, another embodiment of the invention will now be described. This embodiment is particularly useful for an office  30 , which is similar to office  10 , except that office  30  does not have a sufficient number of communication devices for originating telephone calls to warrant the use of a local office control unit  48  (described in more detail below in FIG.  4 ). In this instance, an office  30  contacts a central processing hub  32  via telephone, cellular or any other network  34 , for example by using a “1-800” number. The central processing hub  32  includes a control unit, as described below in connection with FIG. 4, and a local database. The office  30  makes the connection with the central processing hub  32  and enables a communication device at office  30  to initiate further outgoing telephone calls as indicated at  36 . The central processing hub  32  is connected to the central processing system  16  via a computer network  38  to enable entity wide or corporate wide administration of the DNC database. Combinations of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are also possible. 
     Referring now to FIG. 3, an embodiment of the present invention will now be described in which a local office  10  has connections called trunk lines between a customer&#39;s telephone equipment  42  and a central office  40 . An office control unit  48  for each office  10  in the embodiment shown in FIG.  1  and the central processing hub  32  as shown in FIG. 2, have connections to the central processing system as indicated at  16 . An office  10  typically has telephone equipment  42  through which several communication devices, primarily telephones but possibly computer systems, are connected to a telecommunications carrier or other computer network via either analog trunks  44  or digital trunks  46 . The telephone equipment  42  may include a private branch exchange (PBX), a key system or an automatic call distributor (ACD). The telecommunications carrier may be packet switched or circuit switched. The digital trunks may be TI, ISDN, ADSL or other type of digital communication medium. An office control unit  48  either bridges the analog trunks  44  or is placed between the telephone equipment  42  and telecommunications carrier  40  on the digital trunks  46 . The office control units  48  are described in more detail below in connection with FIGS. 4 through 15. 
     The office control unit  48  monitors the signals on the lines  44  and  46  to detect 1) destination identification, such as dialed telephone numbers, 2) a signal indicating that an identifier, such as a telephone number, should be added to a DNC database and 3) a signal indicating that an inhibited call should be overridden. The office control unit  48  also detects the origin of each call and monitors the date and time of day. The office control unit  48  maintains a local database, described in more detail below in which indication of at least inhibited calls, added identifiers, and overrides is stored. The database also may track all telecommunications activity. The administrator system  50  also may be provided and connected to the office control unit  48  for providing various database management and report generation facilities, as will be described in more detail below. 
     Referring now to FIG. 4, the office control unit  48  will be described in more detail. The office control unit  48  typically includes an analog monitoring unit  52  and/or a digital monitoring unit  54 . Each of the monitoring units monitors an input mechanism, such as a keypad. The monitoring unit detects signals (e.g. touch tones) from the input mechanism, present on the communication medium, such as a telephone line. The monitoring units  52 ,  54  output an indication of an origin of a signal, the identifier of the destination, such as a dialed telephone number, and other signals, for example, signals indicating either to add an identifier to the DNC list or to temporarily override a DNC identifier. In addition, in response to control instructions from the DNC server  56 , each generates a conversation inhibiting tone (CIT) or a voice message on the line to which it is connected. Alternatively, the monitoring units  52 ,  54  may be used actually to block communication, such as a telephone call, rather than place a CIT or voice message on the line. The DNC server  56  monitors the information received from the monitoring units  52  and  54  to access the database  58  to either generate a CIT or voice message, override a CIT or voice message, or update the database. The administrator system  50  also accesses the database  58  through the DNC server  56 . The database may be implemented using a relational database, flat files or binary files. 
     Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.  5 A. In this embodiment, an administrator  50  is not used since the office control unit  48  as discussed above is replaced by an office control unit  70  which includes a computer telephony integration (CTI) interface linked to an on-site server. The telecommunications carrier  40  is connected to the telephone equipment  42  through analog  44  and/or digital trunks  46 . The office control unit  70  however, is connected directly to the telephone equipment  42  and to the central processing system  16  which in turn, is connected to the administrator  18  or  22 . The office control unit  70  includes the CTI interface and on-site server using Microsoft&#39;s Telephony Application Interface (TAPI™) or Novell&#39;s Telephony Services Application Programming Interface (TSAPI™). This alternative system also uses a Multi Vendor Integration Protocol (MVIP™) standard network bus interface which is a multiplexed digital telephony communication medium designed to carry telecommunications traffic between circuit boards within an industrial class PC chassis. TAPI combines telephony technology with PC technologies. Microsoft&#39;s TAPI™ is an Application Programmer&#39;s Interface (API) which provides standard CTI call control in the Windows development environment. Novell&#39;s TSAPI™ is an Application Programmer&#39;s Interface (API) which provides standard Computer Supported Telephony Application (CSTA) call control in the NetWare™ development environment. The API enables existing LAN based applications to be extended to incorporate telephony capabilities. In this embodiment, an office control unit may detect calls made, i.e., instructions sent, via this API in order to monitor outgoing calls rather than by monitoring signals on the actual trunk lines. 
     FIG. 5B illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. The architecture and functionality of this embodiment is similar to the embodiment described above in connection with FIG.  5 A. However, as shown in FIG. 5B, the office control unit  70  is connected directly to the central office  40 . In this embodiment, the office control unit  70  operates in an environment including Intelligent Networks (IN) and Advanced Intelligent Networks (AIN) and may communicate with office  10  through the CTI and API interfaces as discussed above. Having now described two interface embodiments (FIGS. 5A,  5 B) of the present invention, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that there are numerous other means and interfaces with which to implement such a general operation. 
     Turning now to FIG. 4, an embodiment of the DNC server  56  in one embodiment of the present invention, corresponding to embodiments in FIGS. 1-4 and particular to a telephone communication device, will now be described. An overview of the process performed by the DNC server  56  in FIG. 4 for each call initiated by a communication device and monitored by the DNC server  56  will be described in connection with FIG.  6 . When a particular communication device is placed “off hook,” and receives a dial tone, this condition is detected, and the monitoring process of the office control unit is initiated. The DNC server  56  waits for a number to be dialed as indicated in step  100 . The DNC server  56  then receives the number in step  102  from the analog monitoring unit  52  or digital monitoring unit  54 . The DNC server  56  updates a database  58  with the date, time and origin of call in step  103 . In step  104 , the database  58  is searched to determine if the number received by the DNC server  56  exists in the database  58 . If a received number is found in the database  58 , thereby indicating it is a DNC number in step  106 , a CIT, voice message or software command is initiated in step  118  by issuing the appropriate command to the monitoring unit  52  or  54 . The information that such a tone was generated can be stored in the database  58  as indicated in step  120 . Once a command to issue a CIT voice message or software command is initiated, in step  118 , it is possible to override the command. If an override signal is received in step  122 , the CIT or voice message is removed using an appropriate command to the monitoring device in step  126 . The call is allowed to be connected, in step  130 . The fact that an override command was received is then recorded in the database  58  in step  128 . If an override is not received, or an override is recorded in the database  58 , the DNC server  56  then waits for the call to end in step  124 . If the number dialed is not a DNC number as determined in step  106 , the DNC server  56  waits for an update signal until it receives an on hook signal as indicated in step  108 . If an update signal is received, the DNC server  56  adds the dialed number to the database  58  in step  110 , and in step  111 , acknowledges receipt of the signal to the originator, for example, by generating a brief audio tone. The number is added to the database  58  in step  112  and the DNC server  56  waits for an on hook signal and ends processing in step  114 . If a command to add the number to the database  58  is not received, then the call continues in step  113  until the end of the call in step  114 . 
     Referring now to FIG. 7, an illustration of a sample file containing DNC identifiers, in particular, telephone numbers will be described. The DNC numbers, in this embodiment of the present invention, are stored in binary bit map files. This is only one possible implementation of such a database. Other database structures, such as a relational or an object-oriented database, may be used. The database may be accessed using simple file read and write commands or by a database query language, such as SQL. In this embodiment of the present invention, there is a bit map file, for example bit map file  700 , for every area code that has DNC numbers. All bit map files  700  are 1,250,000 bytes in size as shown in  701 . Each exchange within the area code is allocated a 1,250 byte block as shown in  702 , which contains 10,000 bits as shown in  703 . These bits  703  are mapped to the last four digits of the phone number 0000-9999. 
     The system of one embodiment of the present invention uses the process as shown in FIG. 8 to map bits  703  from the bit map file  700  to a telephone number. In step  104 , the process begins with searching the database  58  for the dialed number. In step  200 , the three digit phone exchange number is multiplied by 1250 to determine the phone number exchange block offset in bytes. Then, in step  202 , the last four digits of the dialed number is divided by eight to determine the byte offset within the phone number exchange block. These two offsets are added together in step  206  to determine a byte offset into the area code binary bit map file of the byte that contains the bit for the telephone number. The remainder from the above division is used in step  204  to identify the bit offset into the byte for the telephone number. The area code file  700  is opened in step  208  and in step  210 , the byte offset from step  202  is used to find the corresponding exchange block  702 . The bit offset determined in step  204  is used to identify the bit number  703  in the exchange block byte which is read in step  212 . If the bit is not set in  214 , (the bit is zero) then the looked up number is not a DNC number and the call is permitted in step  216 . If the bit is set in step  214 , (the bit is one) then the looked up number is determined to be a DNC number in step  218 . A CIT tone is initiated in step  220 . The process may then continue as shown in FIG.  6 . 
     The following table represents an example of how the process in FIG. 8 may work: 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Sample Number Dialed Number: 617 665-1997 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Step 200: 
                 665 * 1250 = 831250 is exchange block offset; 
               
               
                 Step 202: 
                 1997/8 = 249, remainder 5; 
               
               
                 Step 204: 
                 Remainder 5 is a bit offset; 
               
               
                 Step 206: 
                 831250 + 249 = 831499 is byte offset into area code file; 
               
               
                 Step 208: 
                 Open file 617; 
               
               
                 Step 210: 
                 Go to byte offset 831499, and read 1 byte; 
               
               
                 Step 212: 
                 Read bit 5 (remainder): 
               
               
                 Step 216: 
                 If bit 5 = 0, then the dialed number is a valid phone number; 
               
               
                   
                 and 
               
               
                 Step 218: 
                 If bit 5 = 1, then the dialed number is a DNC phone number. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Referring now to FIG. 9, the process of adding an identifier to a database, which in this particular embodiment is a telephone number, will now be described. A user presses a button, for example, the button labeled with a “*” on the telephone keypad, to indicate that the dialed number of the currently active call is to be added to the database. The add command is received from the input mechanism in step  110  and an acknowledgment of receipt of the signal is sent to the originator of the call in step  111 . In response to detection of this signal, the database  58  is searched for a matching area code or international code file in step  305 . Using the same format and equivalent procedure as detailed above, the phone number is then indexed into the database  58  in the corresponding file and the date and time fields are updated for the number being added to the database in step  310 . Also, the origin of the command to add the number to the database is recorded and a corresponding account number is recorded in step  315 . The phone number is stored in the local database in step  112 . The stored number is then sent to the central processing system  16  where the number is stored in step  325 . This step may be performed for each number or for all numbers at a specified time each day, for example. The process to add the number to the database ends in step  114 . 
     Referring now to FIG. 10, the process of how an override is recorded in the database will now be described. Continuing to use the embodiment which includes a telephone number as a destination identifier, the user presses a button, for example, the button labeled with a “#” on the telephone keypad, to send the command to override the CIT or voice message on the line. The override command is received from the input mechanism in step  122 . The date and time fields corresponding to the dialed number are updated in step  405 . Also, in step  410 , the origin of the command signal is stored with the corresponding dialed number. The CIT or voice message is removed in step  126  and the call is allowed to continue. The database file corresponding to the dialed number is accessed according to the above procedure, and the file is updated to indicate that an override command was received and executed in step  128 . The call proceeds without interruption in step  130 . Information about the override is sent to and stored in the central processing system  16  in step  411 . The process to record an override in a database ends in step  124 . 
     Having now described the general operation of one embodiment of the present invention, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that there are numerous other ways to implement such a general operation. A more detailed description of an embodiment of an office control unit, an example analog monitoring unit, an example digital monitoring unit, and an administrator will now be described. 
     The analog monitoring unit  52  of the office control unit  48 , which is connected to the customer&#39;s telephone equipment  42  will now be described in more detail in connection with FIG.  11 . In this particular embodiment, a telephone communication and a telephone number identifier are used in the description of the function of the analog monitoring unit  52 . The analog monitoring unit  52  includes a plurality of trunk boards  61  connected to trunk lines  62 , which are analog lines. The trunk boards  61 , described in more detail below in connection with FIG. 12, include a call monitor which detects each call on the line to enable touch tones to be detected. In addition, the trunk boards  61  include a tone generator  76  (FIG. 12) which applies a conversation inhibiting tone to the line. 
     In order to ensure nonblocking, simultaneous call monitoring of up to 48 telephone calls for DNC alerting, the analog monitoring unit  52  utilizes three processors. Each of the first two processors, microcontrollers  66 , is assigned to 24 trunk lines  62 . The 8-bit microcontrollers  66  detect touch tones and store them in memory  68 . The microcontrollers  66  scan the trunk boards  61  for off/on hook status of each trunk line  62  by receiving 8 data bits and 6 control bits from the trunk boards  61 . The microcontrollers  66  open or close a call record in shared RAM  68  for each call. The microcontrollers  66  scan each trunk line  62  for dialed numbers and post the dialed numbers in the call record for each day. Also, the microcontrollers  66  scan call records for valid dialed numbers and post the status in the record if it is a valid number, or close the record if it is not a valid number. Each microcontroller  66  scans call records for DNC status responses from the DNC server  56  and applies a CIT or voice message to the line if the call is to a DNC number. In addition, the microcontrollers  66  scan call records for a “#” or “*” signal, indicating to override a CIT or voice message, or add or override a phone number from the DNC database. 
     Microprocessor  69  is an embedded PC processor which reads the numbers from the memory  68  in response to microcontrollers  66  to transmit the data to the DNC server  56  (FIG.  4 ), e.g., using a serial bus  67 . The unit  52  also may have a remote diagnostic port, as indicated at  65 . This microprocessor  69  receives a command from the DNC server  56  for inhibited calls, and causes the appropriate trunk board  61  to generate a CIT or voice message which is switched onto the call line. Microprocessor  69  off loads DNC system interface and DNC analog equipment diagnostics tasks to send and/or receive call record status and send completed dialed numbers to the DNC system. Microprocessor  69  also scans call records in RAM  68  of each microcontroller  66  and updates statuses. Microprocessor  69  may also provide diagnostic information via a call-in modem port. 
     One example embodiment of one of the trunk boards  61  used in the analog monitoring unit  52  is shown in FIG.  12 . The trunk board  61  includes an off hook detector  75  connected to trunk lines  62 . The off hook detector sends a signal to a digital data converter  71  which has a series of registers which store status information which can be read by the microcontroller  66 . The off hook detector also includes a signal conditioner  74  which supplies a signal from trunk lines  62  to a Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) detector  73 . The DTMF detector  73  detects DTMF tones in the signal from trunk lines  62  and sends the signal to the digital data converter  71 . Trunk boards  61  also include a tone command register  78  which receives commands from microcontroller  66 . A tone generator  76  generates a tone or other signal, such as a 420 HZ /12 DBM communication inhibiting/alert tone. When given a command from the tone command register  78 , a tone relay  77  in turn applies the generated tone to the particular trunk line  62 . Trunk boards  61  can each monitor up to 8 ground start or loop start PBX type trunks, or POTS (plain old telephone service), for hook status and DTMF dialed numbers. Dialed number DTMF detection is provided by 1 or 2 plug-on modules per trunk board  61 , in 4 trunk increments. Each trunk board  61  is identical and provides microcontrollers  66  with on/off hook detection for each of up to 8 calls. Each trunk board  61  also provides a microcontroller interface for two DNC DTMF detection and tone alerting application modules. 
     The operation of the analog monitoring unit  52  described above in FIGS. 11 and 12 will be described now in conjunction with the flowchart in FIG.  13 . When a customer picks up a receiver to place a call, step  500 , the ring side voltage increases from approximately −48V to greater than or equal to −40V. This change is detected and a bit representing this trunk line&#39;s  62  hook status is set in a trunk board I/O register in the associated digital data converter  71  of off hook detector  75  in step  502 . 
     The microcontroller  66  polls each I/O register every 10 ms, in step  504 , and starts a call record for this call, in step  506 , as well as starts polling registers of DTMF detector  73 , in step  508 , for this call. When a status bit of DTMF detector  73  posts a new digit received in step  510 , the microcontroller  66  addresses that DTMF detector  73  and reads the 4-bit DTMF code in step  512  to post it in the call record, step  514 . 
     In step  516 , it is determined if three digits, corresponding to an area code, have been received. If all of the digits of the area code are not received, then the process returns to step  508 , wherein the DTMF detector  73  continues to poll the line. After 3 digits are posted, the microcontroller  66  compares these digits in step  518  to its RAM based valid area codes table. In step  520 , the microcontroller  66  posts a valid call status to the call record. The microprocessor  69  continuously scans call records, and when it recognizes the new call status, in step  522 , it passes a new call status and its area code to the DNC server  56  (FIG. 4) e.g., via an RS232 link (serial line  67 ), so that the DNC server  56  can perform a search on the DNC database  58  in step  524 . The DNC server  56  acknowledges receipt of the status and area code, in step  524 . 
     The microcontroller  66  continues scanning the status of the trunk boards  61  and the DTMF digit code posting in step  526  until all digits are received. If the microcontroller  66  has received all of the digits for the phone number in step  528 , then the microcontroller  66  posts the complete dialed number to the call record in step  530 . The microprocessor  69  detects the complete status in step  532  and sends the complete number to the DNC server  56  in step  534 . The DNC server  56  searches the DNC database  58  in step  536  for the dialed number and acknowledges with a DNC or non-DNC status to the microprocessor  69 . 
     The microprocessor  69  posts the status of the phone number in the call record in step  538 , and the microcontroller  66  reads the status. The status is checked in step  540 . If the status is a DNC, the tone command register  78  receives a signal from microcontroller  66  in step  552 . The tone relay  77  applies the tone generated by tone generator  76  to the trunk line  62 . The tone generated is applied to the calling line until the calling party hangs up in step  556 , or until the override command (e.g., two “#” s) are detected and posted within 1 sec of each other in step  560 , as posted and timed by the microcontroller  66  and detected by the trunk board  61 . If two “#” s are detected, then the CIT or voice message ends and the override command is stored in the database. 
     If the administrator status returned is non-DNC as determined in step  540 , then the call is allowed uninterrupted by a CIT or voice message in step  542 . In step  544 , the line is monitored for the add-number command (two “*” s dialed within  1  second of each other). If they are detected, the microcontroller  66  posts a status of add-number-to-database, in the microcontroller  66  call record in step  546 . The microprocessor  69  detects the status and sends it to the DNC server  56  to be added to the database  58  in step  550 . The DNC server  56  then adds the dialed number to its DNC database  58 . If two “*” s are not detected in step  544 , then the call continues uninterrupted in step  564 . 
     As one skilled in the art can recognize, there are numerous alternative embodiments which provide the same function as the above detailed description of an analog monitoring unit. One example embodiment of a digital monitoring unit will now be discussed. 
     Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, the digital monitoring unit  54  of the office control unit  48  will now be described. The block diagram in FIG. 14 illustrates the relationship between the hardware and software components in the digital monitoring unit  54  (FIG.  4 ). This embodiment of the present invention uses a digital monitoring unit which utilizes distributed processing based on an OS/2 operating system and C++ development software, although other platforms may be used. The digital monitoring unit  54  uses a digital signal processor application  607 ,  608  for each line. The digital monitoring unit  54  also uses a Multi Vendor Integration Protocol (MVIP™) open architecture, standard telephony bus  609 . 
     The digital monitoring unit  54  may be implemented, for example, using a Natural MicroSystems Alliance Generation™-48 or NMS AG™-24 board set. The AG™-24 or the AG™-48 board set contains all of the hardware and software modules needed to connect T 1  carriers of up to 48 channels to an IBM-compatible PC. The AG™-24 and AG™-48 boards include a tone generator for generating the TI tone. There is one tone generator per channel or line. These AG™ boards may be used to implement digital signal processor applications  607 ,  608  in FIG.  14 . These boards are accessed by the DNC module  602  through a Natural MicroSystems™ API  604  and multi-line driver  606 . The DNC module  602 , for example, may perform the functions described above in connection with FIGS. 6-10. 
     The hardware includes a DTI-48, Digital Trunk Interface Board, which interfaces with up to two T1 carriers with the PC, and one AG™-24 or AG™-48 board. The DTI-48 connects to the AG™-24 via an MVIP™ bus. In another embodiment, for primary rate ISDN lines, the DTI board may be replaced by a PRI-ISA48™ dual T1/ISDN controller manufactured by Primary Rate Incorporated. Other computer applications may also be used with the Natural MicroSystems Alliance Generation™-48 board set. Also, other boards with similar functions and utility may be used. 
     In FIG. 15, additional details of a typical digital monitoring unit  54  are shown. A demodulator  80  receives a signal from an originator line and demodulates it to provide a signal at the voice frequency. The signal is then passed to the modulator  84  via line  82 , which regenerates the signal to the carrier frequency of the line and sends the modulated signal to the destination. The demodulator  80  also provides the demodulated signal to a tone detector  86 . The tone detector  86  identifies the touch tones within the signal, provides a tone packager  88  which processes the detected tones into a message to be sent to the DNC server  56 . In addition, in response to the DNC server  56 , the tone command register  90  stores an indication of whether a CIT should be generated on the line. In response to the command in the tone command register  90 , the tone generator  92  generates a signal which is applied to the modulator  98  which places the signal on the line. The modulator command register  94  stores an indication of whether to send a modulated signal to the destination. Modulator  84  sends the modulated signal to the destination. 
     The above description provides one skilled in the art with one example implementation of the digital monitoring unit. Alternative embodiments are possible in order to implement the digital monitoring unit. 
     Having now described the operation of the office control unit  48 , the central administrator  18  and local administrator  50  (FIG. 1) will now be described in more detail. An administrator  18  or  50  is a computer system which provides standard database management capabilities and other database services for an entire entity. The database located in the central administrator  18  may be updated each night to reflect the prior day&#39;s activity of all of the offices within the entity using DNC services. The central processing administrator  18  automatically updates each office within the entity using the DNC services, with the information in the central master database. This allows information stored in the database, including any DNC input from any office, to affect all offices equipped with DNC services. Updating each office eliminates the need to maintain separate lists at each location. In addition, if the central administrator  18  is installed in an office which is serviced by an office control unit  48 , then the central administrator  18  also performs the functions of a local office administrator  50 . A local office administrator  50  may be installed in any office serviced by an office control unit  48 . Office administrator  50  provides standard database management capabilities only for the local office in which it is installed. As another alternative design, an optional regional administrator  22  may be used. The regional administrator  22  performs the same functions as the central administrator  18 , but provides services for a selected sub-group of offices. 
     Database management and query functions can be implemented using standard database techniques. Such useful functions include providing a display of yesterday&#39;s newly added DNC numbers and yesterday&#39;s DNC overrides. Also, the administrators may lookup DNC numbers added or overridden for any day during the last 31 days, lookup DNC numbers by area code or lookup any 10 digit number and display its&#39; DNC status. The administrators have the ability to enter or remove DNC numbers from the Firm Master List and may display the Firm Master List. The administrators may also provide an originating Personal Identification Number (PIN), when it is utilized to access Service via a DNC Central Processing Hub and may also provide call summary reporting by PIN or Office. The administrators also may provide a connection for a printer for the printing of data and display screens. 
     In addition to the above capabilities, the administrators may also provide extended historical archival (beyond 31 days) of daily DNC activities by date. This may include providing origination, overriding and deletion activity of a specific number. The administrators may also record the time (of day), in addition to the date, of each DNC add, delete and override. The DNC Numbers can also be tracked by the administrators according to originating entity, the Firm, or specific Regulating Agency. For an office serviced by it&#39;s own, on site, Office Control Unit, the administrators may provide the identity of an extension originating or overriding a DNC Number. The administrators may provide data by office and may provide an alert if a threshold number of overrides occur in a given office. The administrators may also be enabled to track certain DNC numbers to provide an alert if an override occurs. 
     Having now described a few embodiments of the invention, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative and not limiting, having been presented by way of example only. Numerous modifications and other embodiments are within the scope of one of ordinary skill in the art and are contemplated as falling within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and equivalent thereto.