Abstract:
Provided are a hydroxyethyl sulfonate of a cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, a crystalline form thereof and a preparation method therefor. Specifically, 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-((5-(piperidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one hydroxyethyl sulfonate (compound of formula (I)), a crystal form I thereof and a preparation method therefor are provided. Crystal form I of the compound of formula (I) has good chemical and crystalline stability, low toxicity, and low residual crystallization solvent. Therefore, the crystal form I can be used in improved clinical therapy.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a hydroxyethyl sulfonate of a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK4&amp;6) inhibitor, crystal form I and preparation method thereof. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, with a high incidence rate and invasiveness, but the course of progression is slow. “Chinese Breast Disease Investigation Report” issued in Beijing on 1 Feb. 2010 by Chinese Population Association showed that the death rate of breast cancer in Chinese urban areas has increased by 38.91%, and that breast cancer has become the greatest threat to women&#39;s health. At present, there are at least 156 drugs for breast cancer under development or on the market, in which 68% are targeted drugs. A number of researchers have shown that tumor is related to cell cycle abnormalities, mutations of mitotic signaling proteins and defects of anti-mitotic signaling proteins in tumor cells leading to proliferation disorders. Meanwhile, most of the tumors have genomic instability (GIN) and chromosome complement instability (CIN), and these three basic cell cycle defects are all induced directly or indirectly by out of control of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). Cyclin Dependent Kinase (CDK) has become an increasingly popular target. 
         [0003]    Currently, many first- and second-generation CDK inhibitors have been developed. The most noticed second-generation drug includes a CDK4&amp;6 inhibitor PD-0332991, which was jointly developed by Pfizer and Onyx. It inhibits the phosphorylation of Rb by inhibiting the activity of CDK4&amp;6, enables the E2F-Rb complex to be detained in the cytoplasm, and blocks initiation of the cell cycle. The results of a clinical trial (NCT00721409) showed that the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients treated with letrozole alone was 7.5 months, whereas the progression-free survival of patients subjected to combined treatment of letrozole and PD-0332991 was extended to 26.1 months. This remarkable advantage has received widespread attention. At the beginning of 2013, the FDA considered that it might be a groundbreaking anticancer drug after reviewing the mid-term result of the drug. 
         [0004]    International Patent Application Publication WO2014183520 discloses CDK4&amp;6 inhibitors similar to PD-0332991 in structure, with significant inhibitory activity and high selectivity for CDK4&amp;6, comprising the following compound: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0005]    However, this compound has poor solubility, and cannot be used directly as a drug. There is a need to find a pharmaceutically acceptable form, which makes it possible to enhance its solubility and bioavailability. 
         [0006]    On the other hand, it is known to those skilled in the art that the crystal structure of the pharmaceutically active ingredient often affects the chemical stability of the drug. Different crystallization conditions and storage conditions can lead to changes in the crystal structure of the compound, and sometimes the accompanying production of other crystal forms. In general, an amorphous drug product does not have a regular crystal structure, and often has other defects such as poor product stability, smaller particle size, difficult filtration, easy agglomeration, and poor liquidity. Thus, it is necessary to improve the various properties of the above product. There is a need to identify a new crystal form with high purity and good chemical stability. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    The present invention provides a 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-((5-(piperidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one hydroxyethyl sulfonate (as shown in formula (I)). 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0008]    The compound of formula (I) can be obtained by reacting tert-butyl 4-(6-((6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)pyridin-3-yl)piperidine-1-formate with hydroxyethyl sulfonic acid. 
         [0009]    The solubility of the compound of formula (I) has been greatly improved compared to 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-((5-(piperidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one. Its solubility in water reaches 8.33 mg/mL. 
         [0010]    In another aspect, the present invention provides crystal form I of the compound of formula (I). 
         [0011]    A series of crystal products of the compound of formula (I) have been obtained under various crystallization conditions, and X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement have been conducted on the crystal products obtained. It was found that a stable crystal form of the compound of formula (I), which is referred to as crystal form I, can be obtained under normal crystallization conditions. The DSC spectrum of crystal form I of the present application shows a melting endothermic peak at about 324° C. The X-ray powder diffraction spectrum, which is obtained by using Cu-Ka radiation and represented by 2θ angle and interplanar spacing (d value), is shown in  FIG. 1 , in which there are characteristic peaks at 4.17 (21.17), 8.26 (10.69), 9.04 (9.77), 10.78 (8.20), 12.38 (7.14), 14.01 (6.32), 18.50 (4.79), 18.89 (4.70), 20.69 (4.29), 21.58 (4.11), 23.87 (3.73) and 28.15 (3.17). 
         [0012]    The present invention also provides a method for preparing crystal form I of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-((5-(piperidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one hydroxyethyl sulfonate. The method comprises the following steps of: 
         [0013]    1) dissolving tert-butyl 4-(6-((6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)pyridin-3-yl)piperidine-1-formate and hydroxyethyl sulfonic acid, or any crystal form or amorphous form of the compound of formula (I) into a crystallization solvent to precipitate a crystal; or to precipitate a crystal after adding an anti-solvent, wherein the crystallization solvent is selected from water, an organic solvent, or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent; the organic solvent is at least one selected from alcohols, ketones and nitriles having 3 or less carbon atoms, or a mixed solvent of at least one solvent mentioned above and a halohydrocarbon having 3 or less carbon atoms; the anti-solvent is at least one selected from alcohols, ketones and nitriles having 3 or less carbon atoms; and 
         [0014]    2) filtering the crystal, then washing and drying it. 
         [0015]    In a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the crystallization solvent of step 1) is methanol/water, ethanol/water, isopropanol/water, acetone/water or acetonitrile/water, wherein most preferably the organic solvent is ethanol/water, and the ratio of the two is not particularly limited. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the volume ratio of the two is 3:1. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the anti-solvent of step 1) is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone or acetonitrile, wherein most preferably the anti-solvent is ethanol. 
         [0016]    The present invention also provides a compound, i.e., tert-butyl 4-(6-((6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)pyridin-3-yl)piperidine-1-formate. This compound is useful in the preparation of the desired compound of formula (I) and crystal form I thereof of the present invention. 
         [0017]    The crystallization method is not particularly limited, and can be carried out by a conventional crystallization process. For example, the material, i.e., the compound of formula (I), can be dissolved in an organic solvent under heating, then an anti-solvent is added to precipitate a crystal by cooling. After the completion of crystallization, the desired crystal can be obtained via filtering and drying. In particular, the crystal obtained by filtration is usually dried in a vacuum under reduced pressure at a heating temperature of about 30 to 100° C., preferably 40 to 60° C., to remove the crystallization solvent. 
         [0018]    The resulting crystal form of the compound of formula (I) is determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction spectra. Meanwhile, the residual solvent in the obtained crystal is also determined. 
         [0019]    Crystal form I of the compound of formula (I) prepared according to the method of the present invention does not contain or contains only a relatively low content of residual solvent, which meets the requirement of the National Pharmacopoeia concerning the limitation of the residual solvent of drug products. Therefore, the crystal of the present invention is suitable for use as a pharmaceutical active ingredient. 
         [0020]    The research results show that crystal form I of the compound of formula (I) prepared according to the present invention is stable under conditions of lighting, high temperature and high humidity. Crystal form I is also stable under conditions of grinding, pressure and heating, which meets the production, transportation and storage requirements of drug products. The preparation process thereof is stable, reproducible and controllable, which is suitable for industrial production. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0021]      FIG. 1  shows the X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of crystal form I of the compound of formula (I); and 
           [0022]      FIG. 2  shows the DSC spectrum of crystal form I of the compound of formula (I). 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0023]    The present invention is illustrated by the following examples in detail. The examples of the present invention are merely intended to describe the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. 
         [0024]    Test Instruments Used in the Experiments 
         [0025]    1. DSC Spectrum 
         [0026]    Instrument type: Mettler Toledo DSC 1 Staree System 
         [0027]    Purging gas: Nitrogen 
         [0028]    Heating rate: 10.0° C./min 
         [0029]    Temperature range: 40-300° C. 
         [0030]    2. X-Ray Diffraction Spectrum 
         [0031]    Instrument type: Bruker D8 Focus X-ray powder diffractometer 
         [0032]    Ray: monochromatic Cu-Kα ray (λ=1.5406) 
         [0033]    Scanning mode: θ/2θ, Scanning range: 2-40° 
         [0034]    Voltage: 40 KV, Electric current: 40 mA 
       Example 1: Preparation of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-((5-(piperidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one hydroxyethyl sulfonate 
     Step 1: Preparation of tert-butyl 6-((6-(1-butoxyethenyl)-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-5′,6′-dihydro-[3,4′-bipyridyl]-1′(2′H)-formate 
       [0035]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0036]    2-Amino-6-(1-butoxyethenyl)-8-cyclopentyl-5-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one (prepared according to the method disclosed in International Patent Application Publication WO2014183520) (10 g, 29.06 mmol), cesium carbonate (14.22 g, 43.75 mmol), Pd 2 (dba) 3  (2.12 g, 2.31 mmol), 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphine)-9,9-dimethyl xanthene (2.69 g, 4.69 mmol) and 125.00 g of dioxane were added to a three-necked reaction flask under argon, and the mixture was stirred well and heated to reflux. A mixed solution of the material tert-butyl 4-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridin-1(2H)-carboxylate (10.34 g, 35.00 mmol, purchased from Yancheng Ruikang Pharmaceutical Chemical Co., Ltd.) and dioxane (65.62 g, 0.74 mol) was slowly added dropwise for about 5 hours. After completion of dropwise addition, the reaction mixture was refluxed for another 1-1.5 hours under stirring. The reaction process was monitored by TLC until the starting material 2-amino-6-(1-butoxyethenyl)-8-cyclopentyl-5-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one was used completely (eluent: petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1, R f  of starting material=0.6, R f  of product=0.7), then the reaction was terminated. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and filtered, and the filter cake was washed with dichloromethane (17.19 g×3). The filtrate was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure at 65° C. Then, dichloromethane (137.50 g) was added to dissolve the residue, then 56.25 g of purified water were added. The reaction solution was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with 68.75 g of dichloromethane. The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered The filter cake was washed with 23.44 g of dichloromethane, and the filtrate was concentrated to obtain an oily liquid under reduced pressure at 45° C. Acetone (150 g) was added, then the mixture was stirred for about 2 hours at room temperature, and stirred for about 3 hours in an ice water bath. The mixture was filtered, the filter cake was washed with cold acetone (25 g×4), and dried at room temperature under reduced pressure for 8-10 hours to obtain a solid (about 14.84 g), in a yield of 80-92%, with a purity detected by HPLC of not less than 90%. ESI/MS:[M+H]=601.43. 
       Step 2: Preparation of tert-butyl 4-(6-((6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)pyridin-3-yl)piperidine-1-formate 
       [0037]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0038]    Tert-butyl 6-((6-(1-butoxyethenyl)-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-5′,6′-dihydro-[3,4′-bipyridyl]-1′(2′H)-formate (14.84 g, 24.69 mmol) and 75 g of acetic acid were added to a three-necked reaction flask under argon. 10% Pd/C (5 g) was added, the flask was purged with hydrogen three times, and the hydrogenation reaction was carried out at 50-60° C. under stirring and normal pressure for 30-32 hours. When the remaining amount of the intermediate state (an intermediate derived from tert-butyl 6-((6-(1-butoxyethenyl)-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-5′,6′-dihydro-[3,4′-bipyridyl]-1′(2′H)-formate, wherein the protecting group of tert-butyl has been removed while the double bond has not yet been reduced) is &lt;0.3% monitored by HPLC, the reaction was terminated. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and the system was purged with argon. Then, the reaction solution was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with 37.50 g of dichloromethane. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness at 65° C. under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 50 g of anhydrous ethanol and heated to reflux for 0.5 hours under argon, then the mixture was naturally cooled to room temperature under stirring, and stirred in an ice bath for about 4 hours. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with cold anhydrous ethanol (12.50 g×2). The wet product obtained was stirred in 31.25 g of dichloromethane, and the insoluble material was filtered. Isopropanol (118.75 g) was slowly added to the filtrate under stirring. The mixture was stirred for about 3 hours in an ice bath, filtered and dried under reduced pressure for 8-10 hours to obtain a solid (about 8.75 g) in a yield of 60-72%, with a purity detected by HPLC of not less than 98%. ESI/MS:[M+H]=547.26. 
       Step 3: Preparation of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-((5-(piperidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one hydroxyethyl sulfonate 
       [0039]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0040]    Tert-butyl 4-(6-((6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)pyridin-3-yl)piperidine-1-formate (8.75 g, 15.94 mmol) and 56.25 g of anhydrous methanol were added to a three-necked reaction flask, and stirred well. Then, 80% hydroxyethyl sulfonic acid (8.81 g, 55.94 mmol) and 0.94 g of water were dissolved in 13.75 g of anhydrous methanol, and added dropwise to the above solution, which then became clear. After completion of dropwise addition, the reaction mixture was refluxed for 3-3.5 hours under stirring. The reaction process was monitored by TLC until the starting material was used completely (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1, R f  of starting material=0.3, R f  of product=0), then the reaction was terminated and filtered while it was hot. Triethylamine (4.00 g, 39.38 mmol) was added dropwise to the filtrate under stirring. After completion of dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred for about 1 hour, and stirred in an ice bath for about 3 hours. The mixture was filtered, the filter cake was washed with cold anhydrous methanol (7.19 g×2), dried at 40° C. under reduced pressure for 6-8 hours to obtain a solid (about 7.97 g) in a yield of 82-93%, with a purity detected by HPLC of not less than 98%. TOF-MS: [M+H]=447.2503 (an ion peak of 6-acetyl-8-cyclopentyl-5-methyl-2-((5-(piperidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one binding with one hydrogen ion). The X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of the crystal sample is shown in  FIG. 1 , in which there are characteristic peaks at 4.17 (21.17), 8.26 (10.69), 9.04 (9.77), 10.78 (8.20), 12.38 (7.14), 14.01 (6.32), 18.50 (4.79), 18.89 (4.70), 20.69 (4.29), 21.58 (4.11), 23.87 (3.73) and 28.15 (3.17). The DSC spectrum is shown in  FIG. 2 , having a melting endothermic peak at about 324° C. The crystal form was defined as crystal form I. 
       Example 2 
       [0041]    The compound of formula I (1.0 g, 1.75 mmol) was added to a 50 ml one-necked flask, followed by addition of 11 mL of 75% ethanol. The mixture was heated to reflux under stirring until the solution was clear. The mixture was filtered while it was hot, and anhydrous ethanol (11 mL) was slowly added to the filtrate under stirring. The mixture was naturally cooled to room temperature to precipitate a crystal under stirring. The mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain a solid (860 mg, yield: 82.1%). The product was identified as crystal form I after studying and comparing the X-ray diffraction and DSC spectra. 
       Example 3 
       [0042]    The compound of formula I (1.0 g, 1.75 mmol) was added to a 25 ml one-necked flask, followed by addition of 2.5 mL of water. The mixture was heated to reflux until the solution was clear, then 15 mL of ethanol was added slowly. The mixture was cooled to precipitate a crystal under stirring. On the next day, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain a white solid (268 mg, yield: 53.6%). The product was identified as crystal form I after studying and comparing the X-ray diffraction and DSC spectra. 
       Example 4 
       [0043]    The compound of formula I (1.0 g, 1.75 mmol) was added to a 25 ml one-necked flask, followed by addition of 2.5 mL of water. The mixture was heated to reflux until the solution was clear, then isopropanol (15 mL) was added slowly. The mixture was cooled to precipitate a crystal under stirring. On the next day, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain a white solid (201 mg, yield: 40.2%). The product was identified as crystal form I after studying and comparing the X-ray diffraction and DSC spectra. 
       Example 5 
       [0044]    The compound of formula I (1.0 g, 1.75 mmol) was added to a 25 ml one-necked flask, followed by addition of 2.5 mL of water. The mixture was heated to reflux until the solution was clear, then acetone (15 mL) was added slowly. The mixture was cooled to precipitate a crystal under stirring. On the next day, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain a white solid (332 mg, yield: 66.4%). The product was identified as crystal form I after studying and comparing the X-ray diffraction and DSC spectra. 
       Example 6 
       [0045]    The compound of formula I (1.0 g, 1.75 mmol) was added to a 25 mL one-necked flask, followed by addition of 2.5 mL of water. The mixture was heated to reflux until the solution was clear, then acetonitrile (15 mL) was added slowly. The mixture was cooled to precipitate a crystal under stirring. On the next day, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain a white solid (298 mg, yield: 59.6%). The product was identified as crystal form I after studying and comparing the X-ray diffraction and DSC spectra. 
       Example 7 
       [0046]    The compound of formula I (1.0 g, 1.75 mmol) was added to a 25 mL one-necked flask, followed by addition of 4 mL of 75% ethanol. The mixture was heated to reflux until the solution was clear, then ethanol (4 mL) was added slowly. The mixture was cooled to precipitate a crystal under stirring. On the next day, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain a white solid (407 mg, yield: 81.4%). The product was identified as crystal form I after studying and comparing the X-ray diffraction and DSC spectra. 
       Example 8 
       [0047]    The compound of formula I (1.0 g, 1.75 mmol) was added to a 25 ml one-necked flask, followed by addition of 4 mL of 75% ethanol. The mixture was heated to reflux until the solution was clear, then ethanol (4 mL) was added slowly. The mixture was cooled to precipitate a crystal under stirring. On the next day, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain a white solid (418 mg, yield: 83.6%). The product was identified as crystal form I after studying and comparing the X-ray diffraction and DSC spectra. 
       Example 9 
       [0048]    The product sample of crystal form I prepared in Example 1 was spread flat in the air to test its stability under conditions of lighting (4500 Lux), heating (40° C., 60° C.), and high humidity (RH 75%, RH 90%). Samplings were carried out on Day 5 and Day 10. The purity as detected by HPLC is shown in Table 1. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Stability comparison of crystal form 
               
               
                 I of the compound of formula (I) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Batch 
                 Time 
                 Light- 
                   
                   
                 RH 
                 RH 
               
               
                 number 
                 (day) 
                 ing 
                 40° C. 
                 60° C. 
                 75% 
                 90% 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 S011305130806 
                 0 
                 99.36% 
                 99.36% 
                 99.36% 
                 99.36% 
                 99.36% 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 99.36% 
                 99.40% 
                 99.40% 
                 99.33% 
                 99.36% 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 99.38% 
                 99.40% 
                 99.38% 
                 99.34% 
                 99.37% 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0049]    The results of the stability study showed that crystal form I of the compound of formula (I) had good stability when it was spread flat in the air under conditions of lighting, high temperature and high humidity. 
       Example 10 
       [0050]    Crystal form I of the compound of formula (I) prepared according to the method of Example 1 was ground, heated and pressed. The results showed that the crystal form is stable. The detailed experimental data are shown in Table 2 below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Special stability study of crystal form I of the compound of formula (I) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Treatment 
                   
                 Crystal 
                   
               
               
                 Batch number 
                 Process 
                 Experimental procedure 
                 form 
                 DSC peak 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 S011305130808G 
                 Grinding 
                 1 g sample of crystal form I 
                 Crystal 
                 DSC peak 
               
               
                   
                 treatment 
                 of the compound of formula 
                 form I 
                 324.71° C. 
               
               
                   
                 for 10 min 
                 (I) was ground for 10 min in 
               
               
                   
                   
                 a mortar under nitrogen 
               
               
                   
                   
                 atmosphere. 
               
               
                 S011305130808H 
                 Heating 
                 1 g sample of crystal form I 
                 Crystal 
                 DSC peak 
               
               
                   
                 treatment 
                 of the compound of formula 
                 form I 
                 324.77° C. 
               
               
                   
                 for 3 h at 
                 (I) was spread flat and heated 
               
               
                   
                 80° C. 
                 at 80° C. for 3 h. 
               
               
                 S011305130808P 
                 Pressing 
                 Sample of crystal form I of 
                 Crystal 
                 DSC peak 
               
               
                   
                 treatment 
                 the compound of formula (I) 
                 form I 
                 324.42° C. 
               
               
                   
                   
                 was pressed to a slice.