Abstract:
A computer implemented method and system is disclosed herein for constructing reports, comprising the steps of providing the information of interest of a user and generating the writing style of a user. The step of generating the writing style further comprises the steps of generating a prose style and report pattern style, generating the rendering style of a user, and applying the writing style to the information of interest to provide the constructed report. The method of deriving the prose style comprises the steps of deriving preferred equivalent name set entry sets, preferred equivalent pattern specification sets; and embellishment patterns.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
   The method and system disclosed herein, in general, relates to information analysis and specifically relates to a system and method for presenting the information of interest of an end user in the preferred writing style of the end user. 
   The world-wide web contains billions of web pages of information. In addition, a large amount of information is also stored on enterprise systems, public and commercial databases, etc. As the number of information sources increase, identifying or finding the information of interest is requiring more time and becoming increasingly difficult for a user. There is a market need to find and present the information of interest to a user from one or more of the aforementioned sources of information. 
   In order to provide to the user his/her information of interest, culled from a body of source information in an acceptable amount of time, co-pending patent application titled “Capturing reading style”, Patent application No. 1819/CHE/2005 filed in India on Dec. 13, 2005 illustrates a method of capturing the reading style of a user, wherein the reading style is a set of one or more declared patterns. A declared pattern contains a set of source components. The user declares patterns from source components. There are different kinds of source components such as sentences, paragraphs, etc. Co-pending patent application “Pattern Generation”, generates equivalent patterns that includes all the manifestations of the declared pattern of an end user&#39;s reading style, thereby providing the ability to comprehensively and accurately determine the information of interest from an information source. 
   When the information of interest has been determined using the method and system disclosed in patent application titled “Capturing Reading Styles”, the information of interest needs to be presented to the end user in the user&#39;s preferred style of presentation. There is an unmet market need to present the above information interest in the preferred presentation style of the end user. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The method and system disclosed herein presents the information of interest in the preferred presentation style of the end user. The presentation style comprises the writing style and the rendering style. 
   The method and system disclosed herein constructs reports from an information of interest. The writing style of a user is first generated. The writing style comprises a prose style and a report pattern style. The report is rendered to the user in the user&#39;s preferred rendering style. The writing style and the rendering style are applied to the information of interest to construct said reports. The information of interest was generated as a result of applying the reading style of a user to a plurality of information sources. The formal style is applicable in a formal business environment, and is inclusive of, but not restricted to business e-mail, business plans, presentations. The informal style is applicable for communication with friends and casual business settings, and is inclusive of but not restricted to e-mail and general informal correspondences. 
   The prose style of a user is derived from preferred equivalent name sets and preferred equivalent pattern specification sets. The equivalent name sets and the equivalent pattern sets are derived from the reading process. The preferred equivalent name set entries are derived from the equivalent name sets for the given context. Similarly, the preferred pattern specification set is derived from the equivalent pattern specification set for the given context. 
   The preferred pattern set further comprises embellishments that are words or phrase that the author characteristically uses to describe a subject, object or verb. The embellishments are selected from the equivalent name sets depending on the context of the information of interest. 
   The constructed report contains report sections that are arranged by a user specified method of sequencing the contents of the report. The sequence can either be fixed or computed. In a fixed sequence, either a specific hierarchy or an ordered list of semantic items is defined explicitly. In a computed sequence, a user defined method is applied to determine the sequence of semantic items. During the creation of a computed sequence by the user, the user provides a specific method for determining the sequence of the contents of the report. This method is typically based on the number, kinds, and values of the specific information of interest found, relative to their position in the hierarchy of semantic items. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the drawings exemplary constructions of the invention; however, the invention is not limited to the specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates the structure of a report. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates an overview of the method for constructing reports. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates the creation and application of the report pattern. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates the creation and application of the prose style. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates the creation and application of the report rendering style. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   The definitions of the technical terms used herein are provided below.
     Declared pattern (DP): A pattern that matches words found in a sentence.   Document: A document is an electronic file, comprising one or more of the following: text, pictures, audio and video.   Embellishment patterns: An embellishments pattern prescribes a word or phrase that accompanies the subject, object or verb. Each writer has a specific embellishment pattern set that they typically use while writing.   Equivalent pattern specification (EPS) sets: Sets of equivalent pattern specifications that for a given language represent different ways of saying the same thing.   Equivalent name set (ENS): Set of words that have the same meaning.   Information of interest: The relevant information desired in the language-specific LS information source.   Information source: Information, for example, one or more source documents to be read.   Private ontology: Comprises semantic items and their inter-relationships. The private ontology is structured specifically to the view of a user. A private ontology comprises definitions of semantic items in a domain of interest of the user and defines the relationship between the semantic items.   Prose style: A prose style is a specific set of language patterns with a specific choice of vocabulary. The vocabulary includes equivalent name sets and embellishments   Reader module: A system and process for scanning the LS information source to produce the information of interest (IOI) by using the generated LS reading pattern recognition rules (rules code), LS reading syntactic context processing rules (code), and LS ENS.   Reading pattern generator: A method and system that generates a set of language-specific world view-specific sentence patterns that expand upon the declared sentence pattern, thereby recognizing a larger number of matching word patterns in an information source.   Reading style: A set of one or more declared patterns. A declared pattern contains a set of source components. A pattern identifies a specific semantic item. The user declares patterns from source components and thereby captures the reading style. There are different kinds of source components such as sentences, paragraphs, etc.   Reading plan: The reading plan is a set of steps defined by the user that identifies and controls the evaluation sequence of a source document. The reading plan allows for efficient processing of source documents by reducing the amount of data to be evaluated.   Report pattern: A report pattern is composed of a plurality of report sections that are arranged in a predetermined information sequence.   Semantic item: A semantic item is one of the following: a thing, a type of thing, a characteristic, or a relationship between things and types of things.   Sentence patterns: Generated patterns that are able to recognize a large number of matching word patterns found in language specific information sources.   Worldview: The worldview of the user comprises the reading style, reading plan and private ontology of the user. It reflects the logic and structure with which a user comprehends a document.   World view acquisition (WVA): A process for interacting with a user to produce declared sentence patterns, reading plans, and private ontologies.   

     FIG. 1  illustrates the structure of a report. The constructed report  101  displays the desired information of the user in the user&#39;s preferred presentation structure. The user&#39;s preferred writing style  102  and rendering style  103  govern the preferred presentation structure. The report pattern  104  and prose style  105  define the user&#39;s preferred writing style  102 . The user may have a plurality of preferred writing styles  102 . For example, consider the case of a user who is a financial stockbroker by profession and a traveler by hobby. The user may desire to view economic information about India in his or her preferred writing style, for example, in the typical structure of a country economic report issued by Moody&#39;s. Whereas, the same user may desire to read travel information on India in a manner presented by the authors of the travelogue “Lonely Planet”. 
     FIG. 2  illustrates an overview of the method of constructing reports. The details of the reading process are described in detail in the co-pending patent applications “Capturing reading style” and “Patten generation”. However, in brief, the reading style  211  and the ontology  216  of the user are captured using the method described in the above two patent applications. The reading style  211  and the ontology  216 , along with equivalent pattern set (EPS)  203  and equivalent name sets (ENS)  202 , are fed into the reading style capture  213  to generate users reader data  214 . The reader  215  applies the reader data  214  to the writing style training documents  204  to generate the information of interest (IOI)  207  of the user. 
   The equivalent pattern set (EPS)  203 , equivalent name sets (ENS)  202 , the writing style training documents  204  along with the information of interest  207  are fed into the writing style capture  208  process to generate the user&#39;s writing style data  205 . The user&#39;s writing style data  205  comprises the users preferred prose style  105  and report pattern  104 . The user&#39;s writing style data  205  is applied  209  in conjunction with the report rendering style  206  to the information of interest  207  to construct the report. 
   The writing style  101  is perfected iteratively using training documents  204 . Writing style training documents  204  are referenced by the IOI  207 . For example, consider the annual reports of CocaCola Inc. Assume that CocaCola Inc. uses a similar annual report format every year. Consider the case of an annual report for CocaCola Inc. constructed for the year 2005. This report is constructed using raw data and the writing and rendering style derived from the annual reports of the previous years that were used as training documents. This constructed annual report for 2005 is then compared with the actual annual report of 2005 and manual or automated corrections to the writing and rendering style are appropriately made. 
     FIG. 3  illustrates the creation and application of a report pattern. A report pattern  104  is composed of a plurality of report sections  303  that are arranged in a predetermined information sequence  304 . The report section  303  may in turn, comprise one or more report sections  303 . Each report section  303  comprises one or more section components  308 . Each section component  308  may optionally contain a section header  306 , and optionally comprises chart or graph descriptors  310  and paragraph descriptors  311 . The information sequencing  304 , i.e. the sequence of the sections in the report may either be a fixed sequence  307  or a computed sequence  309 . The fixed sequencing  307  does not depend on the information of interest  207 . 
   The fixed sequence  307  is derived based on semantic items  305  in the ontology. In the case of the fixed sequence  307 , either the traversal can be based on hierarchy traversal  313  or the traversal can be based on a defined enumeration of semantic items  312 . There are various algorithms that can be used to traverse a graph, for example, a set of sibling nodes can be traversed, followed by traversing an adjoining set of sibling node; or the graph can be traversed by traversing from a node to its daughter node and traversing further down the graph. In the case of the fixed sequence  307 , the method of sequencing the traversal is based on the private ontology of the user  216  and not on the information of interest  207 . For example, consider the information of interest to be the accomplishments of the year for ABC Truck Company Ltd. The accomplishments will include the accomplishments of the truck division, engine division and engine parts division. The aforementioned three divisions presented in a sequence represent a fixed sequence. In the user&#39;s ontology, the three divisions are described in a certain fixed hierarchy, i.e., the truck division is first, followed by the engine division, and finally followed by the spare parts division. Hence, the hierarchy of these divisions is traversed in a fixed manner. Even if there is no information available on the spare parts division, the section header would still be presented, without any underlying content. 
   Consider the following example of a hierarchy traversal. Consider a monthly report with a list of projects, wherein the projects are of different types such as external client projects, internal client projects, government projects etc. The graph traversal algorithm that depends on the private ontology of the user will involve traversing to a project, then traversing to that project&#39;s children and then traversing further down to the children&#39;s children. An example of a child of an external project is the logistics activity, and an example of the child&#39;s child is the type of vehicle used, such as heavy trucks used in the logistics activity. In a sequence graph traversal, the information of interest is reorganized into lists based on chronology, such as oldest to newest, or based on complexity, for example from the simplest concept to the most complex concept etc. 
   There could be multiplicities of hierarchies. For example, the accomplishments could be arranged by the accomplishments of heavy trucks, light trucks, passenger trucks etc. In the alternative, the accomplishments could also be arranged on the basis of geographical regions, such as the accomplishments of the North American division, South American Division, Asian Division etc. However, in the case of the fixed sequence, for a single hierarchy under consideration, the hierarchy can only be traversed in one path. 
   In the case of the computed sequence  309 , the user states their sequence requirements in a customized fashion not necessarily following any hierarchy. For example, the user might require sales information first presented by quarter and then by financial year, followed by calendar year sales. The computed sequence  309  follows no fixed logic; it reflects the user&#39;s contextual requirements. For example, if a user requests information on Uganda, the user may prefer to chronologically have the information presented in the order of the latest information listed first. The computed sequence  309  is typically used in scenarios where the user is not exactly sure of what he or she wants, and the user discovers their needs as they are presented with new information. 
   The computed sequence  309  is captured based on the users observation of the information of interest (IOI)  207 , and is derived based on discrete semantic items or on a sequence graph traversal  315 . The sequence graph traversal  315  is based on traversing a graph wherein the user computes the nodes in the graph. In the case of discrete semantic items  314  traversal , the algorithm that operates on the IOI then selects the next IOI. Each concept has a defined level of precedence. The algorithm operates on the basis of the precedence levels or on the basis of complexity  318 . The algorithm selects one semantic item from one run of an IOI  207 . 
   The semantic items  305  within the discrete semantic items graph are derived from the semantic items  305  within the information of interest  207  of the user. The sequence graph traversal  315  is based on complexity  318 , chronology  319  or other  320  types of traversal paths. 
     FIG. 4  illustrates the creation and application of prose style. Prose is a specific language pattern with a specific choice of vocabulary. The specific language pattern is preferred equivalent pattern specifications sets  404  and preferred ENS entry sets  403 . A declared pattern is captured during the reading process and the equivalent pattern specification  407  and the equivalent pattern specification set  406  are identified for this declared pattern. A preferred pattern specification  405  is selected from the equivalent pattern specification  407 , and multiple such selections are populated into a preferred equivalent specification set  405 . A set of these selections includes multiple representations of a singular meaning. 
   For a given language, each semantic items  305  maps to a single ENS  202 . The equivalent name set  202  contains multiple items, i.e. multiple entries. A preferred ENS entry  403  is selected from the ENS entries  401 . Multiple such selections are populated into a preferred ENS entry set  403 . 
   The vocabulary is derived from the equivalent name sets (ENS)  202 , the ENS  202  is captured during the reading process. For the semantic items  305  in the information of interest  206 , corresponding ENS entries  401  are mapped and identified. 
   An embellishments pattern  409  is a word or phrase that accompany the subject, object or verb. Each writer has a specific embellishment pattern  409  that they typically use while writing. The embellishments are captured during the reading process. The embellishments are a subset of the ENS  202 . Natural language processing is used to determine the type of embellishment, such as if the embellishment is an adjective or adverb etc. If the embellishment uses a specific ENS  202 , then that specific ENS  202  is recorded. The condition of application  408  is the environment or conditions under which the embellishment is applied. Depending on the condition of application  408 , the appropriate embellishment is identified. Also, depending on the usage context, words or phrases can be inserted  410  in the embellishment pattern  409 , and other modifications  411  are performed for the identified embellishment pattern. For example, if a user would like the subject or the information of interest presented to him or her in the writing style of the novelist P. G. Wodehouse, the subject “snore” would be embellished with the words “snore that sounds like a fog horn”. 
     FIG. 5  illustrates the method and system used for rendering the report to the user.  FIG. 5  is exemplary and not restrictive; in addition to the formal and informal style there are multiple other styles of presenting the report. The report rendering style  206  is classified in formal style  501  and informal style  502 . The formal style  501  is applicable in a formal business environment, and is inclusive of, but not restricted to business e-mail  504 , business plans  503 , presentations  507  (such as Microsoft Powerpoint® of Microsoft Inc.), etc. The informal style  502  is applicable for communication with friends and casual business settings, and is inclusive of but not restricted to e-mail  505 , articles  506  etc. 
   Consider an example of a formal report rendering style for an e-mail sent by a Joe Smith, Patent Attorney. The formal structure would include a confidentiality statement inserted at the end of the e-mail. The recipient of the e-mail would be addressed by “Mr” or “Ms.” Followed by the last name, and then followed by “:”. This would reflect Joe Smith&#39;s personal style of writing business e-mails. 
   Consider an example of an informal report rendering style for e-mail sent by Joe Smith to his friend Adam Wood. In this example, the recipient of the e-mail, i.e. Adam Wood would be addressed by “adam”, followed by “,”. Sentences in the body of the e-mail do not start with a capital letter. This would reflect Joe Smith&#39;s personal style of personal writing e-mails. 
   An example of the structure of a report and writing style is briefly outlined below. For a marketing monthly summary report provided for the marketing manager of a company, the structure of the report could comprise a first section on the new clients, a second section on new product introductions, followed by a third section on sales targets. The writing style, renders the report containing these three sections displayed in a cascaded form, surrounded by market share pie charts, and the prose with headings such as “target market”, “competitors”, etc. 
   The foregoing examples have been provided merely for the purpose of explanation and are in no way to be construed as limiting the present invention. While the invention has been described with reference to various embodiments, it is understood that the words which have been used herein are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitations. Further, although the invention has been described herein with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein; rather, the invention extends to all functionally equivalent structures, methods and uses, such as are within the scope of the appended claims. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of the teachings of this specification, may effect numerous modifications thereto and changes may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention in its aspects.