Abstract:
A thermometer that enables the measurement of temperature from multiple body sites comprising a body portion that has a circuit configured to measure an IR signal and convert it into an output that accurately reflects body temperature and a switch in communication with the circuit. The thermometer also comprises a probe that has an IR window configured to accept an IR signal and an attachment mechanism coupled to the probe which comprises a generally circular hollow bore at its distal end, fastening members to engage the body of the thermometer and a pin at its proximal end for interacting with the switch on the body of the thermometer. When the attachment mechanism couples to the probe, the pin interacts with the switch in various positions and the circuit converts the signal based upon the position of the switch which position reflects the location from which the temperature measurement was taken.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of provisional application Ser. No. 61/278,114 filed on Oct. 5, 2009 entitled “MULTI-SITE ATTACHMENTS FOR EAR THERMOMETERS”, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    This invention relates to devices for measuring temperature, more specifically to infrared thermometers primarily intended for medical applications. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    An infrared (IR) medical ear thermometer is well known in the art. A typical ear thermometer comprises an infrared sensor being coupled to a probe that is adapted for partial insertion into an ear canal and is aimed in the direction of the tympanic membrane. This device essentially is a non-contact optoelectronic device that measures intensity of infrared radiation that emanates from the ear canal surface area and the device converts the IR signal into an output temperature reading. These thermometers are exemplified by U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,797,840 and 4,854,730 issued to Fraden. When designed correctly, IR ear thermometers can be very accurate instruments and enjoy a deserved acceptance in the medical services. Most of the IR ear thermometers operate with disposable or reusable probe covers that envelope a portion of the probe that may come in contact with the patient&#39;s skin. These probe covers incorporate a polymer membrane which is substantially transparent to IR radiation. The probe covers are exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,067 issued to Fraden et al. 
         [0006]    Even though an ear IR thermometer is a non-contact instrument and generally considered non-invasive, in practice it still requires insertion into the patient&#39;s ear canal and thus can be somewhat disturbing, especially for pediatric patients. One skilled in the art of medical thermometry would also know of an alternative, albeit less accurate IR thermometer that measures the IR (thermal) radiation from the patient&#39;s external body surface such as a forehead in the temporal region. A probe of the surface thermometer is in direct contact with the skin and also may be moved along the skin in order to locate the warmest skin region. These thermometers are exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 6,292,685 issued to Pompei. A disposable probe cover also can be used together with this type of a thermometer. The probe cover is exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 6,932,775 issued to Pompei. Some efforts have been made to modify the IR thermometer by employing special probes for different body sites, such as the ear, axilla, or forehead. This is exemplified by the teachings of U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0189358 issued to Lane et al. Another application of an IR medical thermometer is for measurements of temperatures from a distance ranging from a few centimeters to a few meters with no contact with the patient whatsoever. These devices closely relate to thermal imaging systems and are exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 4,498,881 issued to Everest, U.S. Pat. No. 7,340,293 issued to McQuilkin, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0153871 to Fraden. The entire disclosure of the above mentioned patents and patent applications are incorporated by reference herein. 
         [0007]    All the above referenced devices have at least one thing in common—an IR sensor. This sensor is an essential part of the most popular medical IR thermometer—an ear thermometer. It would be highly desirable instead of using separate thermometers or attachments for various body sites to use just one ear thermometer that can be adapted for use with multiple sites of the human body. Thus, there is a need for a thermometer that can be easily converted from an IR ear thermometer to an IR thermometer that can be used on other body sites, either by means of touching the patient or a contactless measurement. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    In view of the above discussion and the shortcomings in the prior art, the invention seeks to overcome such shortcomings of the prior art by providing an infrared thermometer that can be used to measure temperature from a skin surface and/or via an ear canal. 
         [0009]    According to one embodiment of the present invention the infrared thermometer comprises a body portion that has one or more protruding members, an electronic circuit that is configured to measure the intensity of an infrared signal received from a patient and convert the signal into an output that accurately reflects the patient&#39;s body temperature and a switch that is in communication with the circuit. The thermometer also comprises a probe that has an infrared window configured to accept the infrared signal received from the patient and an attachment mechanism coupled to the probe which comprises a generally circular hollow bore at its distal end, one or more fastening members to engage the one or more protruding members and a pin at its proximal end for interacting with the switch on the body of the thermometer. When the attachment mechanism is coupled to the probe and the pin interacts with the switch in one position, the circuit converts the signal based upon a first calculation for a particular temperature measurement (e.g., via the ear canal) and when the pin interacts with the switch in a second position, the circuit converts the signal based upon a second calculation for a second temperature measurement (e.g., skin surface temperature). 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0010]    The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the application, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to like components. For the purposes of illustrating the device of the present application, there is shown in the drawings preferred embodiments. It should be understood, however, that the application is not limited to the precise arrangement, structures, features, embodiments, aspects, and devices shown, and the arrangements, structures, features, embodiments, aspects and devices shown may be used singularly or in combination with other arrangements, structures, features, embodiments, aspects and devices. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale and are not in any way intended to limit the scope of this invention, but merely to clarify a single illustrated embodiment of the invention. In the drawings: 
           [0011]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of an attachment disconnected from an IR thermometer according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0012]      FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view of an attachment connected to the probe of an IR thermometer according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0013]      FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of the probe cover installed on the attachment according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0014]      FIG. 4  show a probe cover with a brim according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0015]      FIG. 5  shows a probe cover with a mating feature installed onto the attachment according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0016]      FIG. 6  represents an optical attachment with a Fresnel lens according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0017]    Certain exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be discussed with reference to the aforementioned figures. In general, such embodiments relate to an infrared (IR) thermometer that includes one or more attachments for measuring skin surface temperature. 
         [0018]    As can be seen in  FIG. 1 , an IR thermometer  1  comprises a body  8  with an operation push button  3  and IR probe  2  that comprises an IR window  7  for accepting a thermal radiation signal. The probe  2  is preferably shaped for insertion in the ear canal of a patient for measuring a patient&#39;s temperature via the ear canal. Inside the body  8 , there is an electronic circuit (not shown) for measuring intensity of the IR signal, computing from the IR signal a patient&#39;s temperature and outputting that temperature for clinical use. Generally, a disposable probe cover (not shown) is inserted onto the probe  2  to prevent contamination of the probe  2  and window  7  by the patient&#39;s ear canal interior. Once the probe cover is installed, a thermometer probe switch  4  may be actuated to signal the internal electronic circuit that the probe cover is being installed. The above features describe a generic IR thermometer that is known in the art and is currently mass produced. 
         [0019]    According to one embodiment of the present invention, a conventional thermometer  1  is modified by the following changes as shown in  FIG. 1 . At least one and preferably more snap-on features  6  and  9  are formed on the body  8 . These snap-on features are intended to secure the attachment  50  before and during a temperature measurement. In some embodiments, a switch  10  is used to signal to the internal electronic circuit that the attachment is being installed. The signaling enables the electronic circuit to modify the temperature computing algorithm to account for the fact that a different body site is being used to measure the IR signal. It will be appreciated that depending on the site being measured, the circuit may have to compute and/or covert the IR signal in a different manner to output an accurate temperature. Having a switch that allows the circuit to easily recognize where and/or how the IR signal is being measured enables a swifter and more accurate measurement. The attachment  50  can be fabricated of any rigid material, such as Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (“ABS”) resin. Generally, the interior of the attachment  50  is a circular hollow bore  58  shaped for insertion over the probe  2 . The distal end  54  of attachment  50  is an opening in the hollow bore  58  that allows an IR signal to pass through bore  54  to window  7 . The attachment  50  has at least one but preferably more corresponding snaps  51  and  56  that are used to mate with snaps  6  and  10  when the attachment  50  is mated with the thermometer  1 . In certain embodiments, use of a probe cover may be desired. To retain the probe cover on the attachment  50 , the attachment  50  also comprises retainer notch  55   a  and  55   b  and bar  53 , which bar can slide inside the tube  52 , and is used to accommodate a probe cover. Also, the enabling pin  57  is formed at the proximal side  59  which will be discussed in more detail below. 
         [0020]    In practice, when the attachment  50  is placed over the probe  2  as can be seen in  FIG. 2 , the snap  51  engages the snap-on feature  6  and the probe  2  is aligned with the attachment along optical axis  5 . The enabling pin  56  engages and activates switch  10  so that the circuit is alerted that the thermometer  1  will now be receiving the IR signal based on skin contact and the skin temperature operating mode will be activated. 
         [0021]    If a probe cover is used with a particular embodiment, it can also be installed onto the attachment as seen in  FIG. 3 . The probe cover  100  preferably contains relatively thick side walls  101  (0.004″ or more) and a thin frontal membrane  105  that has a typical thickness around 0.001″ or less. The probe cover  100  is preferably fabricated of polyethylene, polypropylene or a copolymer that is substantially transparent in the IR range of the spectrum. The membrane  105  of the probe cover  100  is recessed from the edge  102  so that it may come in contact with the patient&#39;s skin. Thus, before and during the operation of the thermometer  1 , the membrane  105  is prevented from touching the patient. This prevents contamination and makes the temperature taking procedure more sanitary. The edge  102  is preferably relatively thick (0.004″ or more) and sculptured for retaining its shape and integrity while being installed and touching the patient&#39;s skin. The side walls of the probe cover may contain the grooves  104   a  and  104   b  where they can interact with notches  55   a  and  55   b  respectively for engaging the probe  100  with the attachment  50 . The probe cover may be fabricated by thermoforming it as a unity device. Alternatively, it may be a two-piece device where membrane  105  is welded or otherwise attached to the walls of the probe cover  100  as is known by one of ordinary skill in the art. 
         [0022]      FIG. 3  shows the probe cover  100  being installed on the attachment  50  by engaging the grooves  104   a  and  104   b  with the notches  55   a  and  55   b , respectively. The probe cover also engages the bar  53  that slides inside the attachment and, in turn, engages the probe switch  4  that signals the electronic circuit that the probe cover  100  is being properly installed. Now, the probe  2  receives IR radiation from the field of view  12  that includes the skin surface of the patient. Since the switch  4  is enabled, the electronic circuit accounts for the signal loss inside the membrane  105  and makes the appropriate adjustment to accommodate for any variation and obtain a more accurate temperature reading. 
         [0023]    In one embodiment, a probe cover may be provided with a brim  106  as shown in  FIG. 4 . The brim makes installation of the probe cover easier and helps to eject the probe cover should the attachment be provided with a probe cover ejector. Such an ejector is well known in the art. 
         [0024]      FIG. 5  illustrates a mating feature for the probe cover. This feature can be employed either when the probe cover is used on the attachment or on a probe of any medical IR thermometer. The feature involves forming complimentary shapes on both the attachment  50  and on the probe cover  100 . On the probe cover  100 , it is a fold  107  that has a complimentary shape with the ridge  60  on the attachment  50 . In one embodiment, the probe cover is designed so that the probe cover cannot be installed on the attachment  50  if there is a form mismatch and thus use of an incompatible probe cover is prevented. 
         [0025]      FIG. 6  illustrates another embodiment where remote attachment  200  converts an IR ear thermometer  1  into a remote thermometer that can measure temperature from an appreciable distance with no physical contact with the patient. As one with skill in the art can appreciate the ability to measure a temperature serves many benefits, both from a hygienic perspective and convenience when dealing with either a pediatric or uncooperative patient. The remote attachment  200  comprises the body  201  having a Fresnel lens  202  that is installed at its distal end. The lens  202  is positioned to have its focus at the point where the IR sensor  11  is located on the optical axis  5  inside the probe  2 . Since the IR sensor is positioned at the focal point, the lens  202  converges the parallel beam  203  into the IR sensor&#39;s surface and thus makes the thermometer reading much less sensitive to the distance from the patient&#39;s skin. The attachment  200  is preferably snapped on the thermometer  1  by the complimentary snaps  251  and  6 . Similar to the previous embodiments, the pin  257  engages the switch  10  to signal the internal electronic circuit on installation of the attachment  200 . It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that switch  10  can have multiple settings to account for various different attachments that may be mated with thermometer  1 . For example, it may have one setting for skin contact measurement, one setting for measurement via the ear canal and a third setting for contact-less measurement that takes place at a further distance using a Fresnel lens for example. This way, the circuit can realize multiple manners in which the IR signal is used to measure temperature and account for that differentiation correctly. 
         [0026]    One having ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the various mechanisms described for the preferred embodiments of the thermometers may be adapted and interchanged between the preferred embodiments, without significantly impacting the structure and operation of the thermometers. 
         [0027]    Those skilled in the art will recognize that the method and system of the present invention has many applications, may be implemented in many manners and, as such is not to be limited by the foregoing embodiments and examples. Any number of the features of the different embodiments described herein may be combined into one single embodiment and alternate embodiments having fewer than or more than all of the features herein described are possible. Functionality may also be, in whole or in part, distributed among multiple components, in manners now known or to become known. 
         [0028]    It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. While there had been shown and described fundamental features of the invention as applied to being exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood that omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the disclosed invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. Moreover, the scope of the present invention covers conventionally known, future developed variations and modifications to the components described herein as would be understood by those skilled in the art. It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the claims appended hereto. It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein disclosed and all statements of the scope of the invention that, is a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.