Abstract:
The invention discloses a  Pseudonocardia  sp. and a method for preparing Deoxynyboquinone by utilizing the same.  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 was collected in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) (Address: Wuhan University, Wuhan City, China) with the collection number of CCTCC NO: M 2011255 on Jul. 18, 2011. The  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 can produce antibiotic Deoxynyboquinone, so that the  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 can be utilized for preparing Deoxynyboquinone and a new way is provided for producing antibiotic Deoxynyboquinone with anti-tumor activity.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The invention belongs to the field of industrial microbiology and specifically relates to a  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 new species capable of producing antibiotic Deoxynyboquinone, as well as a method for preparing antibiotic Deoxynyboquinone by utilizing the same. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Deoxynyboquinone (DNQ) is a compound which has been artificially synthesized, the structure is as shown in Formula (I), and the compound has significant cytotoxin activity and shows excellent characteristics, namely the stronger activity can be still shown under anoxic conditions and the medicine-making potential is great in anti-tumor medicaments taking the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a resistance mechanism. The activity of a compound SCH 538415 with the similar structure is 10 times weaker than the activity of Deoxynyboquinone [Bair, J. S.; Palchaudhuri, R.; Hergenrother, P. J., Chemistry and biology of deoxynyboquinone, a potent inducer of cancer cell death.  J Am Chem Soc  2010, 132, (15), 5469-78.]. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    The first object of the invention is to provide a  Pseudonocardia sp. SCSIO  01299, which was collected in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) (Address: Wuhan University, Wuhan City, China) with the collection number of CCTCC NO: M 2011255 on Jul. 18, 2011. 
         [0004]    The  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 disclosed by the invention is obtained by separation from submarine sediment 3258 m underwater in the northern South China Sea (E 120°0.975′, N 19°0.664′). The conventional PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification is performed on 16S rDNA of the  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299, sequencing is performed, the sequence is as shown in SEQ ID NO.1, and then is submitted to GenBank, and the sequence number JN204514 is further obtained. The BLAST analysis is performed on the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rDNA, and the result shows that the similarity between the strain and  Pseudonocardia autotrophica  IMSNU 20050 T  is 98%, indicating that the strain SCSIO 01299 is  Pseudonocardia.    
         [0005]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , the phylogenetic relationship between the strain and one group of  Pseudonocardia  species is clearly disclosed through a neighbor-joining method, showing that the strain belongs to one of the  Pseudonocardia.    
         [0006]    Morphological characteristics and physiological and biochemical analyses are as follows: 
         [0007]    The strain belongs to Gram-positive and aerobic actinomycete, basal filaments are yellowish and branched, and aerial mycelia are white, branched and differentiated into curled spore chains; and spores are shaped like rods ( FIG. 2 ), 1.3-2.5 μm long and smooth in surfaces. Czapek&#39;s agar can produce soluble pigments. The strain can hydrolyze starch, cellulose and Tweens 20, 40 and 60, is negative in gelatin liquefaction, milk solidification and peptonization, can produce H 2 S and hydrolyze Tween 80 and is negative in oxidase and nitrate reduction reaction. The strain is positive in catalase reaction, can produce melanin and is negative in urease reaction. The strain can utilize D-arabinose, D-cellobiose, oxalate, D-galactose, D-glucose, inositol, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-raffinose, L-rhamnose, D-ribose, D-sucrose, galactitol, D-lactose, D-sorbose, xylitol, fructose or D-xylose as a sole carbon source and energy source for growth, and can not utilize D-trehalose for growth. The tolerance ranges of pH, salt concentration and temperature are 6.0-8.0, 0-15% and 4-40° C. respectively. Meso-DAP is contained in cell walls. Phospholipid components are PG, DPG, PE, PI, PIM and unknown phospholipid PL. The dominant quinone is MK-8(H4). The main fatty acids are i-C16:0, i-C16:1 H, ai-C17:0 and i-C17:1 w9c. The molar content of G+C is 73.2(±0.5)%. According to the above morphological, physiological, chemical and other types of analyses, the strain is greatly different from the known proximate strain  Pseudonocardia autotrophica  IMSNU 20050 T , genomic hybridization further shows that the hybridization value between the strain and the most similar strain is 36%, which is far lower than 70% being the intraspecies variation standard [Stackebrandt, E. &amp; Ebers, J. Taxonomic parameters revisited: tarnished gold standards.  Microbiol Today. (2006).33, 152-155.]. Therefore, by comprehensively analyzing multiple items of classified data, the strain is identified as a new species of  Pseudonocardia , and is named as the  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299, and the strain was collected in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) (Address: Wuhan University, Wuhan City, China) with the collection number of CCTCC NO: M 2011255 on Jul. 18, 2011. 
         [0008]    In the invention, it is founded that the  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 can produce antibiotic Deoxynyboquinone. Therefore, the second object of the invention is to provide a method for preparing antibiotic Deoxynyboquinone, and Deoxynyboquinone is obtained by preparation and separation from a fermentation culture of the Pseudonocardia sp. SCSIO 01299. 
         [0009]    Preferably, antibiotic Deoxynyboquinone is obtained by preparation and separation from the fermentation culture of the  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 through the following method, and the specific steps are as follows: 
         [0010]    a) preparing the fermentation culture of the Pseudonocardia sp. SCSIO 01299, separating fermentation liquid of the fermentation culture from mycelia, extracting the fermentation liquid with butanone, and performing distillation and concentration on a butanone layer to get an extract A; and firstly leaching the mycelia with acetone, recovering acetone from a leaching solution, then extracting the remaining water mixed solution with butanone, and performing distillation and concentration on the butanone layer to get an extract B; 
         [0011]    b) performing silica gel column chromatography on the extract A or the extract B or a crude extract obtained by mixing the extract A and the extract B, performing gradient elution using chloroform/methanol as eluent in the volume ratio of 100:0 to 0:100, and collecting a fraction Fr.1 which is obtained by gradient elution when the chloroform/methanol volume ratio is 100:1, further passing through an LH-20 gel column, eluting by taking the chloroform/methanol in the volume ratio of 1:1 as a mobile phase, and further performing recrystallization to get Deoxynyboquinone. 
         [0012]    Preferably, the fermentation culture of the  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 prepared in the step a) is prepared through the following method: inoculating the activated  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 into a seed culture medium, culturing at 28° C. and 200 rpm for 48 h to prepare seed liquid, inoculating the seed liquid into a fermentation culture medium according to 10% inoculation amount, and performing shaking culture at 28° C. and 200 rpm for 120 h to prepare the fermentation culture, wherein the formulae of the seed culture medium and the fermentation culture medium are as follows: each liter of each culture medium contains 15 g of starch, 5 g of soybean meal, 15 g of peptone, 15 g of glycerin, 2 g of CaCO 3 , 30 g of crude sea salt and the balance of water, and the pH is 7.4. The content of Deoxynyboquinone in the fermentation culture of the  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 prepared by the method is higher. 
         [0013]    As the  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 disclosed by the invention can produce antibiotic Deoxynyboquinone, the third object of the invention is to provide an application of the  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 in the preparation of Deoxynyboquinone. 
         [0014]    The  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 disclosed by the invention is a new species of  Pseudonocardia , and the strain can produce antibiotic Deoxynyboquinone with anti-tumor activity, thereby providing a new method for preparing Deoxynyboquinone. 
         [0015]    The  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 disclosed by the invention was collected in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) (Address: Wuhan University, Wuhan City, China) with the collection number of CCTCC NO: M 2011255 on Jul. 18, 2011. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0016]      FIG. 1  is a phylogenetic tree of relationship among  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 and species having the closest kinship therewith, which is reconstructed based on a neighbor-joining method of a 16s rDNA sequence; 
           [0017]      FIG. 2  is a scanning electron micrograph of spore morphology of  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299; 
           [0018]      FIG. 3  is a high-performance liquid chromatogram of extract of supernatant fluid (extract A) and extract of mycelia (extract B), wherein 1 is Deoxynyboquinone; the HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) conditions are as follows: a chromatographic column is of phenomex 150×4.6 mm (SphereClone SAX), mobile phases comprise a mobile A phase and a mobile B phase, the mobile A phase comprises 10% (volume fraction) of acetonitrile and 0.08% (volume fraction) of trifluoroacetic acid, with water serving as a solvent, and the mobile B phase comprises 90% (volume fraction) of acetonitrile, with water serving as the solvent. The sample injection procedure is as follows: from 0 to 20 min, the ratio of the mobile A phase/the mobile B phase (volume ratio) is 95:5-0:100, from 20 to 21 min, the ratio of the mobile A phase/the mobile B phase (volume ratio) is 0:100, from 21 to 22 min, the ratio of the mobile A phase/the mobile B phase (volume ratio) is 0:100-95:5, and from 22 to 30 min, the ratio of the mobile A phase/the mobile B phase (volume ratio) is 95:5, the detection wavelength is 254 nm and the flow rate is 1 ml/min; 
           [0019]      FIG. 4  is an X-diffractogram of compound 1 (Deoxynyboquinone). 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
       [0020]    The following embodiments are used for further describing the invention rather than limiting the invention. 
       Embodiment 1  
       [0021]    I. Separation and Identification of  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 
         [0022]    As for extraction of genome DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), PCR amplification of 16S rDNA, sequence alignment and an establishment method of a phylogenetic tree, as well as physiological, chemical and morphological identification and the like, involved in the identification of  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299, please see references [Tian, X. P., Zhi, X. Y., Qiu, Y. Q., Zhang, Y. Q., Tang, S. K., Xu, L. H., Zhang, S., Li, W. J.  Sciscionella marina  gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine actinomycete isolated from a sediment in the northern South China Sea.  Int J Syst Evol Microbiol,  2009, 59(Pt 2): 222-228]. 
         [0023]    The  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 disclosed by the invention is obtained by separation from submarine sediment 3258 m underwater in the northern South China Sea (E 120°0.975′, N 19°0.664′). A separation culture medium is an ISP5 (International Streptomyces Project 5) culture medium in the prior art, each liter of the culture medium contains 1.0 g of L-asparaginic acid, 10.0 g of glycerin, 1.0 g of K 2 HPO 4 , 1 ml of trace element solution, 20.0 g of agar and 1000 ml of distilled water, and the pH is 7.2, wherein the *trace element solution contains 0.1 g of FeSO 4 .7H 2 O, 0.1 g of MnCl 2 .4H 2 O and 0.1 g of ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O. The separation culture conditions are and 14 days. A strain SCSIO 01299 ( Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299) is obtained by separation and purification from the submarine sediment. 
         [0024]    The genome DNA of the strain SCSIO 01299 is extracted according to the method in the references or the conventional method, conventional PCR amplification is performed on 16S rDNA of the strain, sequencing is performed, the sequence is as shown in SEQ ID NO.1, and then is submitted to GenBank, and the sequence number JN204514 is further obtained. The BLAST analysis is performed on the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rDNA, and the result shows that the similarity between the strain and Pseudonocardia autotrophica IMSNU 20050 T  is 98%, indicating that the strain SCSIO 01299 is  Pseudonocardia . As shown in  FIG. 1 , the phylogenetic relationship between the strain and one group of Pseudonocardia species is clearly disclosed through a neighbor-joining method, showing that the strain belongs to one of the  Pseudonocardia.    
         [0025]    Morphological characteristics and physiological and biochemical analyses are as follows: 
         [0026]    The strain SCSIO 01299 belongs to Gram-positive and aerobic actinomycete, basal filaments are yellowish and branched, and aerial mycelia are white, branched and differentiated into curled spore chains; and spores are shaped like rods ( FIG. 2 ), 1.3-2.5 μm long and smooth in surfaces. Czapek&#39;s agar can produce soluble pigments. The strain can hydrolyze starch, cellulose and Tweens 20, 40 and 60, is negative in gelatin liquefaction, milk solidification and peptonization, can produce H 2 S and hydrolyze Tween 80 and is negative in oxidase and nitrate reduction reaction. The strain is positive in catalase reaction, can produce melanin and is negative in urease reaction. The strain can utilize D-arabinose, D-cellobiose, oxalate, D-galactose, D-glucose, inositol, D-maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, D-raffinose, L-rhamnose, D-ribose, D-sucrose, galactitol, D-lactose, D-sorbose, xylitol, fructose or D-xylose as a sole carbon source and energy source for growth, and can not utilize D-trehalose for growth. The tolerance ranges of pH, salt concentration and temperature are 6.0-8.0, 0-15% and 4° C. respectively. Meso-DAP is contained in cell walls. Phospholipid components are PG, DPG, PE, PI, PIM and unknown phospholipid PL. The dominant quinone is MK-8(H4). The main fatty acids are i-C16:0, i-C16:1 H, ai-C17:0 and i-C17:1 w9c. The molar content of G+C is 73.2(±0.5)%. According to the above morphological, physiological, chemical and other types of analyses, the strain is greatly different from the known proximate strain  Pseudonocardia autotrophica  IMSNU 20050 T , genomic hybridization further shows that the hybridization value between the strain and the most similar strain is 36%, which is far lower than 70% being the intraspecies variation standard (Stackebrandt, E. &amp; Ebers, J. Taxonomic parameters revisited: tarnished gold standards.  Microbiol Today . (2006). 33, 152-155). Therefore, by comprehensively analyzing multiple items of classified data, the strain is identified as a new species of  Pseudonocardia , and is named as the  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299, and the strain was collected in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) (address: Wuhan University, Wuhan City, China) with the collection number of CCTCC NO: M 2011255 on Jul. 18, 2011. 
       II . Separation and Preparation of Deoxynyboquinone 
       [0027]    1. Culture Medium 
         [0028]    A. Seed culture medium: each liter of the culture medium contains 15 g of starch, 5 g of soybean meal, 15 g of peptone, 15 g of glycerin, 2 g of CaCO 3 , 30 g of crude sea salt and the balance of water, and the pH is 7.4. Sterilization is performed at 121° C. for 30 min; 
         [0029]    B. Fermentation culture medium: the formula the same as that of the seed culture medium is utilized. Sterilization is performed at 121° C. for 30 min 
         [0030]    2. Fermentation 
         [0031]    2.1 Seed culture: respectively inoculating single colonies of the activated  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 on a culture dish into 18 flasks, wherein each flask is a 250 mL conical culture flask containing 50 mL of the seed culture medium; and culturing at 28° C. and 200 r·min −1  for 48 h to prepare 900 mL of seed liquid. 2.2 Fermentation culture: inoculating the seed liquid into 9 L of the fermentation culture medium (placed in 250 mL conical culture flasks, wherein each flask contains 50 ml of the fermentation culture medium, and the total number of the flasks is 180) according to 10% inoculation amount, performing shaking culture at 28° C. and 200 r·min −1  for 120 h to prepare 9 L of fermentation culture. 
         [0032]    3. Extraction 
         [0033]    Centrifugal separation (3500 r·min −1 , 8 min) is firstly performed on the fermentation culture to get 9 L in volume of the supernatant fluid (fermentation liquid) and the mycelia. The fermentation liquid is extracted by 18 L of butanone four times, extraction liquid is mixed, and distillation and concentration are performed on a butanone layer to get the extract of the supernatant fluid (extract A) (11.3 g); and the mycelia is leached by 2 L of acetone three times and 3 hours each time, acetone is recovered from extraction solution in a decompression manner, the remaining water mixed solution is extracted by 6 L of butanone, and decompression and distillation are performed on the butanone layer to get the extract of the mycelia (extract B) (3.2 g). 
         [0034]    4. Extraction and separation of compound Deoxynyboquinone 
         [0035]    HPLC detection (as shown in  FIG. 3 ) shows that Deoxynyboquinone (No. 1 peak) is contained in each of the extract A and the extract B. The extract A and the extract B are mixed, normal-pressure silica gel column (300-400 meshes) chromatography is performed on a crude extract after mixing, chloroform/methanol is taken as eluent, gradient elution is performed in the volume ratio of 100:0 to 0:100, a fraction Fr.1 (1.2 g) which is obtained by gradient elution when the chloroform/methanol volume ratio is 100:1 is collected, drying is performed by distillation, a Sephadex LH-20 gel column is passed, chloroform/methanol in the volume ratio of 1:1 is taken as a mobile phase for elution, and recrystallization is further performed under the condition that the chloroform/methanol volume ratio is 10:1 to get a compound 1 (150.3 mg). 
         [0036]    Through structural analysis, the identification results of the compound 1 prepared from the fermentation culture of the  Pseudonocardia  sp. SCSIO 01299 disclosed by the invention are as follows: 
         [0037]    Compound 1: red needle crystals (methanol), UV (CH3CN:H2O:Trifluoroacetic acid) : 203.0, 276.3, 353.8, 460.7 nm  1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) and  13 C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl 3 ), see Table 1. ESIMS m/z 285.0 [M+H] + , 569.7 [2M+H] + , 283.2 [M−H] − , 567.4 [2M−H] − . From a hydrogen spectrum and a carbon spectrum, we can see that the compound 1 contains 3 methyl groups, namely one single-peak methyl group and two double-peak methyl groups[δ H  4.01 (s, Me-15), 2.59 (d, J=1.0 Hz, Me-16);, 2.55 (d, J=1.0 Hz, Me-17) δ C  33.9 (q, Me-15), 23.0 (q, Me-16), 22.1 (q, Me-17)], 2 sp 2  hybridized methine groups[δ H  6.82 (d, J=1.0 Hz, H-3), δ C  126.8 (d, C-3); δ H  6.78 (d, J=1.0 Hz, H-7), δ C  127.1 (d, C-7)] and 10 quaternary carbons, namely 6 sp 2  hybridized quaternary carbons and 4 carbonyl carbons. According to an HMBC (heteronuclear multiple bond coherence) correlation spectrum, we can see that H-15 is correlated with C-2/C-11, H-3 is correlated with C-2/C-12/C-16, H-16 is correlated with C-3/C-4/C-12, and a ring A can be obtained; H-7 is correlated with C-8/C-13/C-17, H-17 is correlated with C-6/C-7/C-13, and it is speculated that the compound may contain a ring B; and by combining with the 2 carbonyl carbons (δ C  182.4, 176.9) in the carbon spectrum and the X-diffractogram ( FIG. 4 ), we can determine that the structure is consistent with that of a known compound deoxynyboquinone [Formula (I)]. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 NMR Data Attribution of Compound 1 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Compound 1 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 No. 
                 H 
                 C 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 2 
                   
                 161.4 s 
               
               
                 3 
                 6.82 (d, 1.0) 
                 126.8 d 
               
               
                 4 
                   
                 149.0 s 
               
               
                 5 
                   
                 182.4 s* 
               
               
                 6 
                   
                 150.5 s 
               
               
                 7 
                 6.78 (d, 1.0) 
                 127.1 d 
               
               
                 8 
                   
                 162.4 s 
               
               
                 10 
                   
                 176.9 s* 
               
               
                 11 
                   
                 114.9 s 
               
               
                 12 
                   
                 141.7 s 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 141.4 s 
               
               
                 14 
                   
                 118.2 s 
               
               
                 15 
                 4.01 s 
                  33.9 q 
               
               
                 16 
                 2.59 (d, 1.0) 
                  23.0 q 
               
               
                 17 
                 2.55 (d, 1.0) 
                  22.1 q 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Note: 
               
               
                   1 H-NMR data is determined at 500 MHz, a coupling constant (Hz) exists in brackets,  13 C-NMR data is determined at 125 MHz, and NMR data is determined in deuterated pyridine.