Abstract:
A system and methods of the present invention advantageously provide efficient mail processing and handling that, as compared to existing procedures, enhances detection within the mail being processed or handled of biological, germ, chemical, or other harmful agents. A system and methods provide additionally a higher level of quality and consistency for processing and handling mail so that concerns over contamination of postal workers and potential mail recipients are reduced. A system and methods further provide enhanced disabling of contaminated mail contents, mail, mail equipment, mail containers, and mail personnel due to exposure or contact with harmful agents associated with mail. The system and methods preferably includes the use of at least one harmful agent sensor associated with mail processing equipment, and the at least one harmful agent sensor preferably includes at least one of the following: an olfactory device, an ultraviolet device, an infrared device, an x-ray device, a laser device, and a heat sensing device.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 09/999,462 titled “System and Method For Detecting Harmful Agents Within Contents of Mails” filed on Oct. 31, 2001 and claims the benefits of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/336,418 filed on Oct. 23, 2001, both are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 

   FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to the field of postal handling, processing, and delivery and, more particularly, to detecting contents of letters, flats, packages, or other mail. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   Even though threats and other actions by terrorist and fringe groups have occurred with biological, germ, chemical, or other harmful agents over the years, more recent developments have brought such threats to the forefront of the public thought and action. Postal and delivery firms, however, continue to face significant problems with biological, germ, chemical, and other harmful agents that are likely to cause injury, sickness, or death when handled by the transportation or delivery firm or when opened by the intended recipient of a mailpiece or package. The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) has declared that safety of all people processing, delivering and receiving mail must be given the highest priority. 
   The complexity of detection of contents of a letter, flat, or package within the USPS or other mail or parcel delivery service is immense. The USPS, for example, handles over 680 million pieces of mail every day collected from as many as 100 million points (assuming residential and businesses may leave mail for the delivery carrier to pick up). In the U.S. alone, there are up to 500 processing centers collecting mail from over 28,000 post offices which, in turn, collect mail from mail drops or collection boxes that easily number over one million. It can be practically impossible to have personalized inspectors located at each mail drop or collection box. For example, the cost can be prohibitive, the environments are not well controlled, and mail drop or other mail boxes can be subject to bypass by handling mail directly to a delivery carrier. 
   Also, in the USPS, there are three primary types of mail categories. For example, letters and postcards are, by USPS definition, no larger than 6.125 inches by 11.5 inches or ¼ inch thick. Flats are larger than letters but no larger than 12 inches by 15 inches or 1.25 inches thick. Parcels are any mailpiece that exceeds a flat dimension. Letters are typically processed by different equipment than flats or parcels due to the difference in the physical characteristics. Accordingly, because of the different sizes, shapes, and weight of mail and the different processing stations within postal service companies, detecting biological, germ, chemical, and other harmful agents within the mail can be even more difficult. Further, to add to the complexity, as described above, mail and mail packaging also can be composed of different materials other than just paper or organic products which, in turn, makes it even more difficult to process and handle. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   With the foregoing in mind, the system and methods of the present invention advantageously provide efficient mail processing and handling that, as compared to existing procedures, enhances detection within the mail being processed or handled of biological, germ, chemical, or other harmful agents. The system and methods provide additionally a higher level of quality and consistency for processing and handling mail so that concerns over contamination of postal workers and potential mail recipients are reduced. 
   The present invention advantageously provides a system, product, and methods to disable or decontaminate mail having harmful agents associated therewith. The present invention also advantageously provides a system which examines mailpieces at the earliest point in the collection and distribution process for each type of mail. Therefore, the system preferably detects the presence of harmful agents prior to handling or opening. Alternatively, to enhance protection of postal carriers, the present invention also can provide a type of biological, germ, chemical, or other harmful agent detection sensor at each mail drop or collection box by providing drivers or vehicles with preliminary detection capabilities to enhance protection of a driver. 
   More particularly, the present invention provides a system for detecting harmful agents within the contents of mail which preferably includes at least one piece of mail processing equipment positioned within a mail processing facility, at least one harmful agent sensors positioned adjacent the at least one piece of mail processing equipment to sense the presence of a harmful agent in each individual piece of mail as the mail is processed by each of the plurality of pieces of mail processing equipment, at least one system processor in communication with the at least one harmful agent sensors to process data received therefrom, and at least one alarm indicator responsive to the at least one system processor to indicate that the at least one harmful agent sensor has sensed the presence of a harmful agent. 
   According to other aspects of the present invention a system for detecting harmful agents within the contents of mail is provided which preferably includes a plurality of pieces of mail processing equipment positioned within a mail processing facility, a plurality of harmful agent sensors each positioned adjacent one of the plurality of pieces of mail processing equipment to sense the presence of a harmful agent in each individual piece of mail as the mail is processed by each of the plurality of pieces of mail processing equipment, at least one system processor in communication with each of the plurality of harmful agent sensors to process data received from the plurality of harmful agent sensors, and at least one alarm indicator responsive to the at least one system processor to indicate that at least one of the plurality of harmful agent sensors has sensed the presence of a harmful agent. 
   Due to the difference in handling processes, the location of detection equipment preferably is based on the requirements of the processing equipment currently utilized. A system according to the present invention preferably uses methods of detection by physically touching, smelling, or sensing each mailpiece after the mailpiece has been introduced into processing equipment and separated from each other. This sensing preferably is performed at high speed, typically more than 15 pieces per second, using a variety of methods for agent detection. For example, laser scanning or pulsing detection systems, sensor “sniffers” that are as small as a microchip and can process instantly, and ultraviolet light can also be used in order to retard the growth of bacteria. In addition, other methods can be used as well as understood by those skilled in the art as the threat of anthrax, smallpox, and other biological warfare agents are currently prevalent. 
   Olfactory systems or machines which smell or sense different agents can be used as well. These olfactory systems also can be mounted to vehicles or carried by deliverers as a preliminary detection system for mail carriers, e.g., using hand-held sensors or machines mounted to the vehicle such as provided with olfactory machines or other types of sensors. The hand-held sensor has the benefit of providing the carrier early detection prior to removing bulk mail from a mail box, drop box, or other collection box or location. 
   The present invention also advantageously includes methods of detecting and methods of disabling harmful agents associated with pieces of mail. A method of detecting the presence of a harmful agent associated with mail preferably includes smell sensing the presence of one of a plurality of harmful agents possibly associated with the contents of mail by the use of an olfactory device and indicating an alarm condition responsive to the sensed presence of one of a plurality of harmful agents. 
   For detection within a mail handling facility, a system for letters according to the present invention is to require that all non-verified and all unique mailpieces be processed through a piece of equipment that will cancel and face mailpieces. This process requires that the mailpieces be individually separated and then individually canceled with a mechanical ink impression. This process allows for the sensors to act individually on each mailpiece to thereby increase the accuracy and ensure proper identification of the offending mailpiece. 
   For flats, the system is similar to that of letters except the equipment is typically called a Model 15 flats canceler. This equipment also separates and mechanically cancels that mailpiece, although at a substantially slower speed than letters. Since the canceler physically touches the envelope and causes the contents to be “shifted and shaken-up” 0  it would allow certain biological, germ, chemical or other harmful agent sensors to examine each mailpiece as the mailpiece passes by the device therefore detecting these harmful agents inside. 
   For parcels, the system ensures separation is performed by mechanical equipment prior to directing the sensing devices towards the parcel. The equipment used for processing parcels is more varied but requires that the mailpiece be separated prior to the sortation process. 
   An embodiment of the present invention also includes a system for detecting harmful agents within the contents of mail having at least one piece of mail processing equipment adapted to be positioned within a mail processing facility to individually separate and contactingly capture each of a plurality of pieces of mail between a plurality of belts as the plurality of pieces of mail pass through the at least one piece of mail processing equipment at a relatively high rate of speed, at least one harmful agent sensor adapted to be positioned adjacent the at least one piece of mail processing equipment to sense the presence of a harmful agent in each individual piece of mail as the mail is processed by the at least one piece of mail processing equipment, at least one system processor in communication with the at least one harmful agent sensor to process data received therefrom, and at least one alarm indicator responsive to the at least one system processor to indicate that the at least one harmful agent sensor has sensed the presence of a harmful agent. 
   An embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a method of detecting the presence of a harmful agent associated with mail including contactingly capturing each of a plurality of separate pieces of mail between a plurality of belts as the plurality of separate pieces of mail travel at a relatively high rate of speed, sensing the presence of one of a plurality of harmful agents possibly associated with the contents of mail by the use of a harmful agent sensor after the mail has been contactingly captured between a plurality of belts, and indicating an alarm condition responsive to the sensed presence of one of a plurality of harmful agents. 
   Still further, a system of detecting and disabling harmful agents in mail is also provided which applies a “nanobomb” or other disabling agent in mail processing ink or other mail associated fluid such as associated with a mail canceling station, a bar code application station, or other station where ink or other mail processing fluid is often applied, or any other application of mail processing ink as understood by those skilled in the art. For example, within an ink pad, ink material itself, or other fluid location a disabling biological or chemical agent or reactant can be located so that when individual pieces of mail are stamped as being canceled or processed, the postal workers handling mail have increased confidence that mail passing through the station is disabled or decontaminated. This can also be accomplished when a bar-code or a visible identification tag marker or other indicia which has ink or other printed material is applied to an article of mail. So, in essence, detection or mass processing is provided by the disabling agent itself within the ink or other locations to which the ink is associated, e.g., applied to material of the pad itself of an ink pad. 
   A system for disabling harmful agents in contents of or associated with mail is also provided according to further aspects of the present invention. The system preferably includes at least one piece of mail processing equipment positioned to process a plurality of pieces of mail and a harmful agent disabling fluid applicator associated with the at least one piece of mail processing equipment and positioned to apply a harmful agent disabling fluid to a plurality of pieces of mail being processed to thereby disable harmful agents within the plurality of pieces of mail during one of the following conditions: when all of the plurality of mail pieces pass through at least one of the plurality of pieces of mail processing equipment, when the presence of a harmful agent is detected in a mail piece being processed, or when the absence of a harmful agent is detected in a mail piece being processed. 
   The present invention also includes a method of disabling a harmful agent associated with a piece of mail. The method preferably includes applying a harmful agent disabling fluid, e.g., liquid, gas, mist, or spray, associated with processing mail to one or more mail pieces, e.g., to each of or a bundle, group, set, or container of a plurality of mail pieces. 
   Accordingly, a system and methods of detecting harmful agents within contents of mail of the present invention advantageously provides a lower cost, more effective, and enhanced redundancy solution to substantially reduce the likelihood of passing on mail having harmful agents to postal customers. The mail processing system and methods also advantageously reduces risk of exposure to carriers and handlers of mail by early and redundant detection. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Some of the features, advantages, and benefits of the present invention having been stated, others will become apparent as the description proceeds when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic block diagram of a process flow for detecting and handling mail for a system for detecting harmful agents in contents of mail according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic block diagram of a system for detecting harmful agents in contents of mail according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 3  is an environmental perspective view of a system for detecting harmful agents in contents of mail according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 4  is an environmental perspective view of a system for detecting harmful agents in contents of mail according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 5  is an environmental perspective view of a system for detecting harmful agents in contents of mail according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 6  is an environmental perspective view of a system for detecting harmful agents in contents of mail which disables harmful agents in contents when detected, when not detected, or when all mail passes through regardless of a detection status according to a second embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 7  is an environmental perspective view of a bar code sensor having a harmful agents sensor associated therewith of a system for detecting harmful agents in contents of mail which detects contents of parcels according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 8  is an environmental perspective view of an optical character reader having a harmful agents sensor associated therewith of a system for detecting harmful agents in contents of mail which detects flats according to a first embodiment of the present invention; and 
       FIG. 9  is an environmental perspective view of a canceler having ink associated therewith and a harmful agents sensor positioned upstream from the canceler of a system for detecting harmful agents in contents of mail which detects letters according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention. This invention, however, may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. The prime notation, if used, indicates similar elements in alternative embodiments. 
   As illustrated in  FIGS. 1-9 , the highest level of reduced risk from contamination or exposure due to harmful agents in contents of mail M, for example, preferably is achieved by using multiple levels of detection, e.g., multiple sensors  20  or multiple types of sensors within a system  15 . The first level, for example, preferably is to allow animals (e.g., dogs) or olfactory systems as understood by those skill in the art to smell or sniff mail that is typically found in bulk containers waiting for processing or in the process of being transferred (dumped) for processing (see FIGS.  3 - 4 ). Although animals have been trained to detect agents by smell, it may be impractical to detect biological, germ, chemical or other harmful agents within individual pieces of mail with manual methods (human or animal), due to the large numbers of individual mailpieces being processed on a daily basis, e.g., over 680 million pieces of mail every day collected from as many as 100 million points (assuming residential and businesses may leave mail for the delivery carrier to pick up). 
   A system  15  according to the present invention preferably uses a preferred method of detection by physically touching, smelling, or sensing each mailpiece M after it has been introduced into processing equipment, e.g.,  50 ,  60 ,  70 ,  80 , and separated from each other. This sensing preferably is performed at high speed, typically more, than 15 pieces per second, using one or more of a variety of methods for agent detection. For example, laser scanning or pulsing detection systems, sensor “sniffers” that are as small as a microchip and can process instantly, and ultraviolet light can also be used in order to retard the growth of bacteria as understood by those skilled in the art. In addition, other methods can be used as well as understood by those skilled in the art as the threat of anthrax, smallpox, and other biological warfare agents are currently prevalent. Olfactory systems or machines  30  which smell or sense different agents can be used as well. These olfactory systems  30  also can be mounted to vehicles T as a preliminary detection system  30 ′ for mail carriers, e.g., using hand-held sensors  30 ″ or machines  30 ′ mounted to the vehicle (see FIGS.  4 - 5 ). The hand-held sensor  30 ″ has the benefit of providing the carrier early detection prior to removing bulk mail from a mail box, drop box, or other collection box or location. 
   A system  15  for detecting harmful agents within contents of or associated with mail is provided as illustrated. The system  15  preferably has a plurality of pieces of mail processing equipment  60 ,  70 ,  80  positioned within a mail processing facility (see  FIG. 4 ) and a plurality of harmful agent sensors  20  each positioned adjacent one, e.g., mounted to, connected to, or positioned with a housing of, the plurality of pieces of mail processing equipment  60 ,  70 ,  80  to sense the presence of a harmful agent in each individual piece of mail M as the mail is processed by each of the plurality of pieces of mail processing equipment  60 ,  70 ,  80 . At least one system processor  31 , such as provided by a computer, a microprocessor, or software and/or hardware device, is positioned in communication with each of the plurality of harmful agent sensors  20  to process data received from the plurality of harmful agent sensors  20 . At least one alarm indicator  33 , such as a bell, a light, a signal, or other indication, is responsive to the at least one system processor  31  to indicate that at least one of the plurality of harmful agent sensors  20  has sensed the presence of a harmful agent. Advantageously, an automated dialer or other notification device  35  can be connected to or positioned in communication with the processor  31  and/or alarm  33  to dial for emergency help if desired should a harmful agent be detected. 
   At least one of the plurality of harmful agent sensors  20  preferably is provided by an olfactory device  30  which includes a smell sensor positioned to sense smell associated with a piece of mail, an olfactory device processor  31  in communication with the smell sensor to process data received from the smell sensor, and a memory  32  in communication with the olfactory device processor  31  to store smell sensing data to be processed by the olfactory device processor (see FIG.  2 ). Alternatively to or in addition to the above, the at least one of the plurality of harmful agent sensors  20  can be provided by at least one of the following: an olfactory device  30 , an ultraviolet device, an infrared device, an x-ray device, a laser device, a radio frequency device, and a heat sensing device. 
   The system  15  can also include a harmful agent disabling fluid applicator  40  positioned to apply a harmful agent disabling fluid  45  to a plurality of pieces of mail M being processed to thereby disable harmful agents within the plurality of pieces of mail M during one of the following conditions: when all of the plurality of mail pieces M pass through at least one of the plurality of pieces of mail processing equipment  50 ,  60 ,  70 ,  80 ,  90 , when the presence of a harmful agent is detected in a mail piece M being processed, or when the absence of a harmful agent is detected in a mail piece M being processed. The harmful agent disabling fluid applicator  40  preferably includes a fluid storage container  42  positioned to supply the harmful agent disabling fluid  45  for application to each of the plurality of pieces of mail M such as through a supply line or tube  43 . The harmful agent disabling fluid  45  preferably is provided by either a liquid, a gas, or a combination thereof. As described further herein, the harmful agent disabling fluid  45  preferably includes a nanobomb material  47  such as a nanoemulsion or other nanobomb material as understood by those skilled in the art. For example, the harmful agent disabling fluid can advantageously include an ink  45  having the nanobomb material  47  associated therewith, such as premixed or supplied from an additive container  44  having the nanobomb material positioned therein and supplied to the fluid container  42  through another supply line  46 . This allows the ink  45  to be used in conjunction with the mail M in various applications without substantial risk to those contacting the mail M and with little or no indication of its presence on the mail. 
   The nanobomb material  47 , for example, is preferably a plurality of uniformly sized droplets in a size range of about 200 nanometers to about 400 nanometers and is preferably an antimicrobial solution. Although this size and type currently have particular advantages, the term nanobomb is used herein, however, can be liquids, gases, or combinations thereof having smaller or slightly larger particle sizes as well as understood by those skilled in the art. Advantageously, for example, the harmful agent disabling fluid further includes an ink having the nanobomb material associated therewith, and the ink is applied to each of the plurality of mail pieces M being processed (see FIG.  6 ). 
   Also, for example, an olfactory machine or sensor  30 ,  30 ′,  30 ″, as understood by those skilled in the art, of a system  15  according to the present invention preferably has data stored in memory  32  indicative of, representative of, or related to a plurality of biological, germ, chemical, or other harmful agents which have previously been isolated by the study of olfactory systems using humans or animals. These machines can then advantageously have a look-up table or a database stored in memory  32  and a processor  31  in communication with the memory  32  and one or more of a plurality of sensors  20  for processing and comparing sensed smells with this data in the look-up table to determine whether the sensed smell is a potential harmful agent. If so, then such mail M can be sent to an isolation station, alarms sounded or transmitted, and the mail M further inspected by protected investigators to determine its contents and source. The look up table or database of the memory  32  preferably has a plurality, e.g., about 40 to about 150, different potential harmful agents commonly associated with biological, germ, or chemical warfare such as described herein, e.g., small pox, Anthrax, HIV, Herpes, Hepatitis and various other bacteria, viruses, disease causing or other chemical agents. These systems  15  can then advantageously be added to or updated as new potentially harmful agents are developed, and the database advantageously be kept confidential so that only qualified inspectors or investigators know the list of agents. The database can then be updated remotely, e.g., by a communications network such as the Internet or a local area network, satellite, or radio frequency, infrared, or on-site to various locations throughout the country. Remote updating to confidential databases, e.g., with encrypted code, advantageously allows postal delivery companies to maintain low cost communication with the postal carriers and handlers throughout a postal delivery network and at postal handling and processing locations. 
   For detection within a mail handling facility, for example, a method of detection for letters according to the present invention is to require that all non-verified and all unique mailpieces M be processed through a piece of equipment that will cancel and face mailpieces M such as with an advance facer canceler system  106  as understood by those skilled in the art. This process requires that the mailpieces M be individually separated and then individually canceled with a mechanical ink impression. This process allows for the sensors  20  to act individually on each mailpiece M, thereby increasing the accuracy and ensuring proper identification of the offending mailpiece M. Additionally, such processes allow nanobombs, as understood by those skilled in the art, to be formed in ink, a spray mist, or other fluids, e.g., liquids or gas, associated with mail processing such that when the ink, spray mist, gas or other fluid is applied to the mail M, the ink or fluid disables the harmful agents within the mail M. 
   As understood by those skilled in the art, nanobombs, for example, are preferably small antimicrobial, i.e., kill or disable microbes, or antichemical, i.e., disables, dilutes, or changes chemicals, agents that employ uniformly sized droplets in the 200-400 nanometer range. For example, nanobio antimicrobial nanoemulsions are water/oil emulsions that employ uniformly sized droplets in the 200-400 nanometer range. These droplets can be stabilized by surfactant and can be responsible for cidal or cidal agent activity. In concentrated form, the nanoemulsions can be formulated in a variety of carriers allowing for gels, creams, sprays, mists, liquid and gas products to be used in conjunction with the emulsion. These nanobombs preferably have no toxicity. 
   The nanobomb preferably destroys microbes effectively without toxicity or harmful residual effects and eradicates, destroys, or disables viruses such as HIV and Herpes, bacteria such as  E. coli  and  Salmonella , spores such as Anthrax, fungi such as  Candida albicans, Byssochlamys fulva , disease causing agents such as Smallpox, and other harmful agents as understood by those skilled in the art. Also, nanoemulsions can be formulated to kill only one or two selected classes of microbes as desired. The nanobomb is preferably a non-toxic, non-corrosive, bio-defense decon material that can decontaminate equipment, personnel, structures, terrain, and, more particularly, mail, mail equipment, mail containers, and mail handling personnel in the event of a bioincident or other harmful agent being present in, present on, or associated with mail, equipment, containers or personnel. Examples of this nanobomb technology or products can be seen and made available by companies such as NanoBio Corporation of Ann Arbor, Mich. Liquid or gas products can be used to decontaminate trays or boxes of mail as well by spray, mist, immersion, or other exposure techniques as understood by those skilled in the art. 
   As also shown in  FIGS. 1 and 4 , the preferred method of detection for flats is similar to that of letters except the equipment is typically called a Model 15 flats canceler  111 . This equipment also separates and mechanically cancels that mailpiece, although at a substantially slower speed than letters. An automated sorter  112  can then receive the mail, redundantly sense if desired, and then reject to a manual case or pass the mail M on to a delivery unit or other destination  118 . Because the canceler  111  physically touches the envelope and causes the contents to be “shifted and shaken-up” it advantageously allows certain biological, germ, or chemical sensors  20  to examine each mailpiece M as they pass by the device therefore detecting these harmful agents inside or associated with the mail M. 
   Alternatively, or in addition to the above, the present invention also provides a system  15 ′ of detecting and disabling harmful agents in mail M which applies a “nanobomb” or other disabling agent in mail processing fluid such as associated with ink  45  in a mail canceling station  106  where ink  45  is often applied. For example, within the ink pad, ink material itself, or other locations within a piece of equipment  106 ,  107 ,  108 ,  109 ,  111 ,  112 ,  115 , a disabling biological or chemical agent or reactant can be located so that when individual pieces of mail M are stamped, marked, or written on as being canceled, marked, or processed, the postal workers or personnel P handling mail M have increased confidence that mail M passing through the station is disabled or decontaminated. So, in essence, detection or mass processing is provided by the disabling agent itself within the ink  45  or other locations to which the ink  45  is associated, e.g., applied to material of the pad itself of an ink pad. Also, such nanobomb material  47  could be located within or associated with adhesive material such as labels, tabs, stamps, or the containers themselves, e.g., envelopes, cartons, boxes, or filler material. 
   A method of detection for parcels is to ensure separation is performed by mechanical equipment prior to directing the sensing devices towards the parcel. The equipment used for processing parcels is more varied but requires that the piece be separated prior to the sortation process. Accordingly, hand cancelling  113  and/or a small parcel and bundle sorter  115  can be used as well as understood by those skilled in the art (see FIGS.  1 , 4 , and  6 - 7 ). 
   It is also realistic that different categories of mail can require different sensors  20  or levels of detection. In some cases, the detection will be from the outside of the package, and in some cases, the detection is a process of “looking through” the package using traditional contact methods or noncontact methods such as light, X-ray, radio frequency, or sound waves. Molecular electronics in various tests have shown that with the creation of “nano-bombs” which are molecular size droplets, roughly 1/5000 the size of the head of a pin which are designed to “blow-up” various microscopic enemies, including anthrax and small pox, will render the infected piece harmless. 
   The present invention preferably uses a sensing device or devices  20  that will detect the presence of biological, germ, chemical, or other harmful agents in the handling and processing locations of postal service companies engaged in the distribution or postal industries. This device or devices will detect the presence of these agents on or within the mailpiece when mailpieces or packages are processed on high speed equipment  106 ,  107 ,  108 ,  109 ,  111 ,  112 ,  115  currently utilized by postal or distribution companies. 
   These systems  15 ,  15 ′ advantageously can manage the flow of mail M in such a manner that all mailpieces of unknown origin or deposited by unknown individuals will be processed on postal equipment. This equipment will separate and sense each mailpiece M with the purpose of determining if there is a dangerous or harmful agent deposited on or within the mailpiece M. For example, the system  15  preferably provides an installed sensing device or devices  20  that will detect the presence of biological, germ, chemical, or other harmful agents in mail that is processed on culling and separation equipment. 
   For example, as shown in FIGS.  1 , 4 , and  6 - 9 , a sensing device or devices  20  that will detect the presence of harmful biological, germ or chemical agents on or in mail advantageously can be positioned in association with Multi-line Optical Character Readers (MLOCR) equipment  107 , Delivery Input/Output Subsystem (DIOSS) equipment otherwise known as Optical Character Reader (OCR) equipment, Delivery Bar Code System (DBCS or MPBCS) equipment  109 , Carrier Sequence Bar Code Sorter (CSBCS) equipment  108 , Small Parcel and Bundle Sorter equipment  115 , Automated Flat Sorting (AFSM100, FSM1000, FSM881) equipment  112 , and/or Advanced Facer/Canceler System (AFCS) equipment  106 . The present invention also advantageously allows and provides for the creation of procedures  110 ,  116  to divert mail to bio-chem inspection procedures (e.g., according to new OSHA rules) for detection of harmful agents. 
   Also, the present invention provides a system  15  which can send a warning or indication such as a bell, light, or signal to evacuate and isolate as well as quarantine a building and automatically call 911 from the machine directly and notify a pre-recorded message once the line picks up stating the address and situation. The system  15  can also advantageously apply a counter-active reaction agent to render the infected mailpiece harmless to humans. 
   As shown in  FIGS. 1-9  and as described herein above, the present invention also advantageously includes methods of detecting and methods of disabling harmful agents associated with pieces of mail M. A method of detecting the presence of a harmful agent associated with mail M preferably includes smell sensing the presence of one of a plurality of harmful agents possibly associated with the contents of mail M by the use of an olfactory device  30  and indicating an alarm condition responsive to the sensed presence of one of a plurality of harmful agents. The olfactory device  30  preferably includes a memory  32  having indications of a plurality of smell sensed conditions stored therein. Each of the plurality of smell sensed conditions are preferably indicative of, associated with, or representative of at least one of a plurality of harmful agents. The smell sensing step preferably includes comparing a sensed smell with at least one of the plurality of smell sensed conditions. 
   The present invention also includes a method of disabling a harmful agent associated with a piece of mail M. The method preferably includes applying a harmful agent disabling fluid, e.g., liquid, gas, mist, or spray, associated with processing mail M to one or more mail pieces, e.g., to each of or a bundle, group, set, or container of a plurality of mail pieces. The fluid, for example, can advantageously include an ink material and a nanobomb material associated with the ink material. The applying step can then advantageously include applying the ink material having the nanobomb material associated therewith to each of the plurality of mail pieces such as in a cancellation, bar code, marking, or other ink application step associated with processing or handling mail. 
   The present invention further also includes a method of detecting harmful agents associated with a piece of mail M. The method preferably includes positioning at least one harmful agent sensor  20  to be associated with each of a plurality of pieces of mail processing equipment positioned to process a plurality of pieces of mail M, sensing the presence of a harmful agent associated with at least one of the plurality of pieces of mail M, and indicating an alarm condition responsive to the sensed presence of a harmful agent in at least one of the plurality of pieces of mail M. The step of sensing can advantageously include the use of at least one harmful agent sensor  20  as described above. The at least one harmful agent sensor preferably includes at least one of the following: an olfactory device  30 , an ultraviolet device, an infrared device, an x-ray device, a laser device, a radio frequency, device, and a heat sensing device. 
   In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed a typical preferred embodiment of the invention, and although specific terms are employed, the terms are used in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. The invention has been described in considerable detail with specific reference to these illustrated embodiments. It will be apparent, however, that various modifications and changes can be made within the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the foregoing specification and as defined in the appended claims.