Abstract:
A coupling for a molten metal processing system to provide coupling for rotor/shaft systems which has a heat break to prevent heat flow to a motor. A cross sectional area reduction provides a restriction which reduces heat transmission through a conductive material to restrict heat flow to a motor, which will ultimately extend the life of the motor.

Description:
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/846,577, filed Sep. 22, 2006. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     This invention relates generally to the art of processing and treating molten metal. More particularly, this invention relates to a new and improved coupling design for a molten metal processing system. 
     Molten metal processing equipment can usually be classified into several different types of systems. For example, degassing/flux injection, submergence and pumps are frequently used general categories. 
     Systems which fall into the degassing/flux injection category generally operate to remove impurities from molten metal. More specifically, these systems remove oxides in solution, release dissolved gases, such as hydrogen, from molten metal, and through floatation to remove suspended solid impurities. In order to achieve these functions, gases or fluxes are introduced into a molten metal bath which chemically reacts with the impurities to convert them to a form (such as a precipitate or a dross) that can be separated readily from the remainder of the molten metal. 
     Systems which fall into the submergence category generally operate to melt scrap metal, such as by-products of metal processing operations and aluminum beverage cans, in order to recover the scrap metal for productive use. In a typical submergence system, the scrap metal is introduced onto the surface of the molten metal and drawn downward or submerged within the molten metal where it is melted. In its melted form, the scrap metal is substantially ready for productive use 
     The pump category can be further classified into three different types of systems including transfer pumps, discharge pumps, and gas-injection pumps. A transfer pump typically transfers molten metal from a furnace to a holding system or another furnace. A circulation pump transfers molten metal from one bath chamber to another bath chamber. A gas-injection pump circulates molten metal and adds a gas into the flow of molten metal. Although the present invention is particularly well suited for use with a gas-injection pump or degassing system, it must be appreciated that this invention may be used with any rotor/shaft system, including but not limited to the systems mentioned above. 
     Known molten metal processing apparatii of the foregoing types typically include the common feature of a motor carried by a motor mount, a shaft connected to the motor at an upper end, and an impeller or rotor connected at a lower end of the shaft. A coupling mechanism is used to connect the upper end of the shaft to the motor. The components are usually, but not limited to, manufactured from metals and/or refractory material, such as graphite or ceramic. In operation, the motor drives the coupling/shaft/rotor system about its central vertical axis. The rotating impeller may serve any number of functions. For example, in a submergence system the impeller may draw molten metal downwardly to assist in the submergence of scrap materials deposited on the surface of the melt. In a pump system, the impeller may be contained within a housing to effect a pumping action on the metal. In a degassing/flux injection system, the introduction of gas or flux into the molten metal is done via a passage located in the coupling/shaft/rotor system. 
     An important feature of impeller/shaft systems is the coupling mechanism which connects the upper end of the shaft to the motor. Typically, the coupling mechanism is made from a metal or other heat conductive material, for example stainless steel. Since the shaft/impeller system is typically immersed in a molten metal bath, the shaft temperature increases and thereby transfers heat to the coupling mechanism via conduction. Heat from the coupling mechanism can then be transferred to the output shaft of the motor. This heat can be detrimental to the performance of the motor. 
     Heat conduction is the transmission of heat across matter. Conduction is heat transfer by means of molecular agitation within a material without any motion of the material as a whole. If one end of a metal rod is at a higher temperature, then kinetic energy will be transferred down the rod toward the colder end because the higher speed particles will collide with the slower ones with a net transfer of energy to the slower ones. Heat transfer is always directed from a higher to a lower temperature. Dense substances typically are fair conductors; metals in general are good conductors. The law of heat conduction, also know as Fourier&#39;s law, states that the time rate of heat flow Q through a body is proportional to the gradient of temperature difference: 
             Q   =     KA   ⁢           ⁢       Δ   ⁢           ⁢   T       Δ   ⁢           ⁢   x               
A is the transversal surface area, Δx is the thickness of the body of matter through which the heat is passing, K is a conductivity constant dependent on the nature of the material and its temperature, and ΔT is the temperature difference through which the heat is being transferred. This law forms the basis for the derivation of the heat equation.
 
     Accordingly, a need exists in the art of processing molten metal to provide a coupling design for rotor/shaft systems which has a heat break to prevent heat flow to a motor. The present invention achieves such advantages and others. This disclosure deals with a cross sectional area reduction heat break which provides a restriction to prevent heat transmission through a conductive material. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION 
     A coupling for connecting a motor to a shaft in a molten metal processing system to restrict heat flow to a motor, which will ultimately extend the life of the motor. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a side cross-sectional view of a heat break coupling; 
         FIG. 2  is a sectional view as taken along line A-A of  FIG. 1  showing a cross-section of the heat break of the coupling; 
         FIG. 3  is a left side view of the first opening of the coupling; 
         FIG. 4  is a right side view of the second opening of the coupling. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , and in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a coupling body  10  for a molten metal processing system includes a generally annular sidewall  18 , a first opening  14  and a second opening  16 . The coupling  10  can be manufactured in a one-piece or multiple-piece construction, and it has a longitudinal axis of rotation  50  extending through the coupling  10  from the first opening  14  to the second opening  16 . 
     The first opening  14  is configured to receive a driver axle, such as an output shaft (not shown), but not limited to, a motor (not shown), and the second opening  16  is configured to receive a driven axel such as, but not limited to, an impeller shaft (not shown). U.S. Pat. No. 5,634,770, herein incorporated for reference, shows a molten metal pump with a motor and impeller. The coupling  10  includes a first upper cavity  22 , defined in part by the first opening  14 , which is configured to receive the motor output shaft (not shown). With reference to  FIG. 3 , the coupling  10  further includes a key way  24  disposed in the first upper cavity  22  and at least one opening  26  (three are shown) for a fastener, such as, but not limited to, a set screw. In the depicted embodiment, the key way  24  is parallel, but not limited to, to the longitudinal axis  50  and receives a key to facilitate attaching the motor output shaft (not shown) to the coupling  10 . The openings  26  are disposed perpendicular (e.g., radial) to the longitudinal axis  50 . As earlier indicated, the openings  26  receive fasteners which will allow the motor output shaft (not shown) to be attached into place within the first upper cavity  22  of the coupling  10 . 
     With further reference to  FIG. 1 , there is an upper intermediate cavity  28  disposed adjacent to the first upper cavity  22 . The upper intermediate cavity  28  has, but is not limited to, a larger diameter than the first upper cavity  22 , and has, but is not limited to, a smaller diameter than that of the intermediate cavity  44 , which is disposed on the other side of the upper intermediate cavity  28 . The intermediate cavity  44  is disposed between the upper intermediate cavity  28  and the lower intermediate cavity  38 . The lower intermediate cavity  38  has a larger diameter than the intermediate cavity  44 . The intermediate cavity  44  also has the same outer diameter as the lower cavity  32 ; however, the lower cavity is not required to be the cylindrical shape as illustrated in  FIG. 4 . In addition, the intermediate cavity has at least one opening  46  (four are shown) for a fastener. 
     The coupling  10  further includes a lower cavity  32  into which the impeller shaft (not shown) is fitted. Now referring to  FIG. 4 , the lower cavity  32  includes, but is not limited to, four curved inner sidewall surfaces  34  and four rounded corners  36  equidistantly spaced from the axis  50  that connect the surfaces  34 . This configuration helps facilitate mating to and driving of the impeller shaft  30  while allowing for rotation. The opening in the impeller (not shown) can be formed in a modified “square drive” configuration. In particular, the opening can include curved sidewall surfaces  34  having a relatively large radius, and rounded corners  36  having a relatively small radius. As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , four sidewall surfaces  34  are provided, with four corners  36  connecting the adjacent sidewall surfaces  34 . The lower cavity  32  is provided with matching sidewall portions and corners, wherein adjacent sidewall portions are generally at right angles, so as to snugly fit within the opening defined by the sidewall surfaces  34  and the corners  36  of the impeller (not shown). 
     In addition, with reference to  FIG. 2 , the coupling  10  has, but is not limited to, six columns  40  of material equally spaced from one another. The columns  40  are located on the outer diameter of the coupling body  10  in a radial pattern from the axis  50 . Between each column  40  is a slotted area  42  where material has been removed from the generally annular side wall  18  of the coupling  10  in order to form the columns  40  in the coupling  10 . These slots  42 , where portions of material has been removed, are disposed between the first opening  14  and the second opening  16  to reduce heat flow from the impeller shaft (not shown) to the motor (not shown) through the coupling  10 . It is also feasible for the slots to extend only partially through the side wall. As discussed above in the Background regarding Fourier&#39;s law, by removing material between the columns  40  to form the slots  42 , the mass of the body of matter through which the heat is passing is reduced, which in turn makes it more difficult for the heat to flow through the coupling  10  and into the motor (not shown). In the coupling  10  are slots  42  located towards the center of the coupling  10  closer to the first opening  14 . The mass in this area is reduced because of the slots  42  and is where the heat break is located to prevent heat from wicking up from a lower cavity  32  of the coupling  10  to a first upper cavity  22  of the coupling  10 , which would then be transmitted to the motor (not shown) via heat conduction. This reduction in the mass of the coupling  10  prevents the heat from being able to travel up the coupling  10  towards the motor (not shown), which is due to portions  42  of the coupling  10  that have been removed. 
     Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description. It is intended that the exemplary embodiment be construed as including all such modifications and alterations in so far as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.