Abstract:
A print control program comprising:
       a first step of waiting until one or more of post-treatment functions is selected, or until a start instruction is entered;   a second step of determining whether a specified post-treatment function of the post-treatment functions is selected, when the start instruction is detected; and   a third step of enabling one or more of resource saving functions to be selected only if the specified post-treatment function is not selected, and of starting printing if another start instruction is detected after enabling the resource saving function/s to be selected.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE 
     This Nonprovisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(a) on Patent Application No. 2009-228622 filed in Japan on Sep. 30, 2009, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a print control program and a print control method for controlling the operation of a printer. The invention also relates to a printer and a printing system in each of which a print control program is installed. 
     In recent years, from the perspective of terrestrial environment protection, it has been requested strongly to save printing paper and other printing materials in the field of office work including the operation of printers. Printers have resource saving functions that can promote resource savings by reducing the number of print sheets that the printers use. One of the resource saving functions is a double-side printing function, which is to print images on both sides of a sheet. Another of these functions is an aggregate printing function, which is to print two or more reduced images on one side of a sheet. 
     As an example, JP-2003-248576-A discloses a system that tabulates the reduction in the number of print sheets per user and ratios of reduction in the number of print sheets. The tabulation makes it possible to promote the use of functions capable of contributing to resource savings by users. 
     Some printers have post-treatment functions for prints in addition to resource saving functions. The post-treatment functions may be a stapling function, a punching function and a Z-folding function. 
     In many cases, conference materials and reports are sorted by contents and stapled or bound with string. Documents may be stapled and punched for binding with string by post-treatment functions of printers. Printing post-treatment functions may be set for the sizes and directions of images, the binding directions of print sheets, etc. so that the contents of prints can be appealing. 
     One of the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions may be selected for the printing of a conference material or a report. In this case, if one or more of the resource saving functions is selected, it/they may be set erroneously. The erroneous setting may change the sizes and directions of the images on the document, the binding direction of the print sheets, etc. from those intended by a user. This may make the contents of the prints less appealing, or make the prints hard to see depending on the relationship between the image direction and binding direction. As a result, the document may have to be printed again, with print sheets wasted. 
     If one or more of the resource saving functions are selected after one of the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions is selected, the resource saving function/s may be set correctly. Even in this case, it may be necessary to cancel the selection of the resource saving function/s, so that the operability may lower. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a print control program and a print control method that can effect resource savings while restraining the operability from decreasing in printing with a specified post-treatment function selected. Another object is to provide a printer and a printing system in each of which such a print control program is installed. 
     According to the present invention, a print control program is provided for use with a printing system including a printer and a print data file generator. The printer has resource saving functions, which can contribute to resource savings, and post-treatment functions for a print. One or more of the functions can be selected. The printer starts to perform printing in accordance with a print start instruction, with the selected function/s activated. The print data file generator generates a print data file for the printing. The printer or the print control generator controls the printing according to the print control program. The print control program comprises: 
     a first step of waiting until one or more of the post-treatment functions are selected, or until a print start instruction is entered; 
     a second step of determining whether a specified post-treatment function of the post-treatment functions is selected, when the print start instruction is detected; and 
     a third step of enabling one or more of the resource saving functions to be selected only if the specified post-treatment function is not selected, and of starting the printing if another print start instruction is detected after enabling the resource saving function/s to be selected. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a printing system embodying the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is an illustration of the print window displayed according to the printer driver installed in the information processor of the printing system. 
         FIG. 3  is an illustration of the main setting window displayed according to the printer driver. 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart of the procedure that the control unit of the information processor executes according to the printer driver. 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart of a part of the procedure that the control unit executes according to the print control program installed in the information processor and embodying part of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 6A and 6B  are illustrations of prints punched for side binding and top binding respectively by the printer of the printing system. 
         FIGS. 7A and 7B  are illustrations of prints stapled for side binding and top binding respectively by the printer. 
         FIGS. 8A and 8B  are illustrations of prints stapled for corner binding by the printer. 
         FIG. 9  is an illustration of prints stapled for saddle stitch binding by the printer. 
         FIG. 10A  is an illustration of a print Z-folded by the printer. 
         FIG. 10B  is an illustration of a print Z-folded by the printer and spread out. 
         FIG. 11  is an illustration of the resource saving function select window displayed according to the print control program. 
         FIG. 12  is a flowchart of an example of the other part of the procedure that the control unit executes according to the print control program. 
         FIG. 13  is a flowchart of another example of the other part of the procedure that the control unit executes according to the print control program. 
         FIG. 14  is a flowchart of still another example of the other part of the procedure that the control unit executes according to the print control program. 
         FIG. 15  is an illustration of the resource saving function select window displayed according to the print control program with a message that no resource saving function can be selected. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     With reference to  FIG. 1 , a printing system  100  embodying the present invention consists of a printer  1  and an information processor  2 , which are connected together. 
     The printer  1  includes a paper feeding unit  11 , an image forming unit  12 , a post-treatment unit  13 , and an image reading unit  14 . The paper feeding unit  11  feeds the image forming unit  12  with a sheet of common paper, a sheet of photographic paper, a sheet of OHP film or another print sheet. The image forming unit  12  makes a print by forming a color or monochromatic image on the print sheet based on print data. The post-treatment unit  13  provides post-treatment for the print. 
     The printer  1  has stapling functions, punching functions and a Z-folding function as post-treatment functions that involve treating prints mechanically. The printer  1  also has a face-up delivery function, a face-down delivery function and a sorting function as post-treatment functions that do not involve treating prints mechanically. It is essential that the printer  1  should have at least one of the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions as a post-treatment function. 
     The printer  1  further has double-side printing functions, aggregate printing functions and a monochromatic printing function. The double-side and aggregate printing functions are resource saving functions capable of contributing to resource savings by reducing the number of print sheets that the printer  1  uses. 
     The printer  1  may be a multi-function printer for electrophotographic printing. The information processor  2  might be connected to an electrophotographic printer, an ink jet printer and other printers. 
     The information processor  2  may be a personal computer and includes a main body  21 , a display  22 , a keyboard  23 , and a mouse  24 . The main body  21  includes a control unit  211 , a memory unit  212  and a program storage unit  213 . 
     The control unit  211  is connected to the display  22 , keyboard  23 , and mouse  24 , and also connected to the printer  1  directly or via a network. 
     An operating system (not shown), an application program  213 A for data file generation, a printer driver  213 B and a print control program  213 C are installed in the program storage unit  213 . The control unit  211  controls the operation of the printer  1  according to the driver  213 B during printing. The control program  213 C embodies part of the present invention. The control unit  211  operates according to the programs in the program storage unit  213 . 
     While the application program  213 A is active, the control unit  211  generates an image data file based on data entered by means of the keyboard  23  and mouse  24 . The image data file may include document data. The control unit  211  converts the generated image data file into a display data file, displays the display data file on the display  22 , and stores the image data file in the memory unit  212 . 
     While the printer driver  213 B is active, the control unit  211  generates a print data file from the image data file in the memory unit  212  based on data entered by means of the keyboard  23  and mouse  24 . The control unit  211  outputs the generated print data file to the printer  1  via an interface (not shown). The information processor  2  functions as a print data file generator, which generates a print data file for printing by the printer  1 . 
     If a user makes a print request for the image data file in the memory unit  212  by means of the keyboard  23  or mouse  24  while the application program  213 A is active, the printer driver  213 B gets active, so that a print window  31  as shown by  FIG. 2  appears on the display  22 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 2 , a printer setting area  311 , a print range area  312 , an area  313  for the number of copies, a scaling area  314  and a print start button  315  are laid out in the print window  31 . 
     In the print range area  312 , the user can specify pages of the image data file generated with the application program  213 A. 
     In the area  313  for the number of copies, the user can set the number of copies of the specified pages of the image data file. 
     The scaling area  314  shows the set or computed number of pages per sheet and the specified sheet size as information necessary for the decision of the scale factor at which an image or images are to be formed on print sheets. 
     The user can click on the print start button  315  to instruct the control unit  211  to start to control the operation of the printer  1 . 
     The name of the printer  1  is shown in the printer setting area  311 . If the information processor  2  were connected to two or more printers, one of them could be selected in the printer setting area  311 . The printer setting area  311  has a property button  316  for the confirmation of selections and settings. If the property button  316  is clicked on, a main setting window  32  as shown by  FIG. 3  appears on the display  22 . In the main setting window  32 , one or more of the post-treatment functions and one or more of the resource saving functions can be selected. 
     If the property button  316  in the print window  31  is clicked on, specific selection items for the post-treatment functions are displayed in the main setting window  32 . Accordingly, the display of the print window  31  enables post-treatment function selection including clicking on the property button  316 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 3 , the main setting window  32  has pages  321 A- 321 G. Each of the pages  321 A- 321 G shows what functions of the printer  1  are selected and what settings are made for the functions of the printer. On the pages  321 A- 321 G, selections and settings can be changed. 
     For example, the main page  321 A has areas  322 - 327 , where the user can change the selections and settings for the number of copies, the double-side printing functions, the aggregate printing functions, finishing, the printing direction and the monochromatic printing function respectively. 
     The main setting window  32  also has a decision button  328  and a cancel button  329  as selection/setting completion buttons, on which the user clicks when he/she has confirmed the selections and settings in this window or changed one or more of them. The user can click on the decision button  328  to decide the changed selection/s or setting/s. The user can click on the cancel button  329  to cancel the changed selection/s or setting/s. 
     With reference to  FIG. 4 , if the user makes a print request to the information processor  2  for the image data file in the memory unit  212  while the application program  213 A is active, the control unit  211  displays the print window  31  ( FIG. 2 ) at the front of the display  22  at S 1 . Then, the control unit  211  waits for the user to click on the property button  316  or the print start button  315 . 
     As stated already, if the property button  316  is clicked on, specific selection items for the post-treatment functions are displayed. Therefore, the steps of displaying the print window  31  at the front of the display  22  and waiting for the user to click on the property button  316  or the print start button  315  correspond to the step of waiting for a user to either select a post-treatment function or enter a start instruction. 
     If the user makes a selection/setting confirmation request at S 2  by clicking on the property button  316  in the print window  31 , the control unit  211  displays the main setting window  32  ( FIG. 3 ) at the front of the display  22  at S 3 . Then, the control unit  211  waits for the user to change one or more of the selections and settings in the main setting window  32 . 
     If the user changes one or more of the selections and settings in the main setting window  32  at S 4 , the control unit  211  changes the appropriate selection/s and/or setting/s in the memory unit  212  at S 5 . If the user clicks on one of the decision button  328  and cancel button  329  in the main setting window  32  at S 6 , the control unit  211  erases the main setting window  32  from the display  22  at S 7 . Then, the processing returns to S 1 , where the print window  31  appears at the front of the display  22 . 
     If the user clicks on the print start button  315  in the print window  31  at S 8  while this window is displayed on the display  22 , the control unit  211  activates the print control program  213 C in the program storage unit  213 . By clicking on the print start button  315 , the user enters a print start instruction into the information processor  2 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 5 , when the print control program  213 C is activated, the control unit  211  determines at S 11  whether at least one of the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions is selected for the image data file. 
     As stated already, the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions are post-treatment functions that involve treating prints mechanically, and the face-up delivery, face-down delivery and sorting functions are post-treatment functions that do not involve treating prints mechanically. 
     The punching functions are a side punching function as shown by  FIG. 6A  and a top punching function as shown by  FIG. 6B . 
     The stapling functions are a side stapling function as shown by  FIG. 7A , a top stapling function as shown by  FIG. 7B , corner stapling functions as shown by  FIG. 8A  or  8 B, and a saddle stitch stapling function as shown by  FIG. 9 . 
     The Z-folding function is, as shown by  FIGS. 10A and 10B , to fold a print into halves along the center line between its ends, with its printed side closed, and further fold one of the halves (for example, the right half) into halves along the center line between the adjacent end and center line of the print, with the blank side closed. 
     While the main setting window  32  ( FIG. 3 ) is displayed, the user can select one or more of the post-treatment functions by selecting and/or setting one or more of the items in the area  325  of this window. The Z-folding, face-up delivery, face-down delivery and sorting functions are not shown in the main setting window  32 . 
     Only if none of the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions is selected for the image data file, the control unit  211  creates at S 12  a resource saving function select window  33  as shown by  FIG. 11 . Then, at S 13 , the control unit  211  displays the created window  33  at the front of the display  22  so that one or two of the double-side and aggregate printing functions can be selected. 
     If one or two of the face-up delivery, face-down delivery and sorting functions, which do not involve treating prints mechanically, are selected for the image data file, and if none of the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions is selected for the file, the processing proceeds to S 12  and S 13 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 11 , the resource saving function select window  33  has a printing condition display area  331 , a resource saving result display area  332 , an area  333  for the reduction in the number of printed sheets, and a print start decision button  335 . 
     The printing condition display area  331  shows how the printer  1  does printing if it performs its function/s selected for the image data file by the user before the resource saving function select window  33  is displayed. 
     The area  333  for the reduction in the number of printed sheets consists of an aggregate printing function selection area  333 A and a double-side printing function selection area  333 B. 
     The aggregate printing functions are to reduce print data for two or four pages and print the reduced data on one side of a sheet. The aggregate printing functions are a 2-up aggregate printing function and a 4-up aggregate printing function. The aggregate printing function selection area  333 A has resource saving buttons  41  and  42  for the 2-up and 4-up aggregate printing functions respectively. 
     The double-side printing functions are to print data for two or more pages on both sides of a new print sheet. The double-side printing functions are a side binding double-side printing function and a top binding double-side printing function. The double-side printing function selection area  333 B has resource saving buttons  43  and  44  for the side and top binding double-side printing functions respectively. 
     The resource saving buttons  41 - 44  are selection members, each of which has a preview image representing print data as printed if the associated function is selected for the data. 
     The user clicks on the print start decision button  335  so as to decisively instruct the information processor  2  to start the operation of the printer  1 . If the print start decision button  335  is clicked on, the control unit  211  converts the image data file into a print data file based on the selected function/s and outputs the print data file to the printer  1 . 
     The resource saving result display area  332  shows resource saving results achieved in the printing done by the printer  1 . The resource saving result display area  332  includes an area  332 A showing ratios of reduction in the number of sheets. The area  332 A shows results of the reduction in the number of print sheets used by the printer  1 . Specifically, the area  332 A shows monthly ratios of reduction in the number of sheets for three months. Each of these ratios is the value found by dividing the number of printed sheets by the number of pages of image data, subtracting the quotient from 1, and showing the remainder in a percentage. 
     With reference to  FIG. 5 , if any one of the resource saving buttons  41 - 44  is clicked on at S 14 , the control unit  211  so changes settings for the image data file at S 15  that the associated resource saving function can be used. 
     If the print start decision button  335  is clicked on at S 16 , the control unit  211  updates the resource saving results stored in the memory unit  212  at S 17 , converts the image data file into a print data file at S 18 , and outputs the print data file to the printer  1  at S 19 . When the printer  1  receives the print data file, it starts to print the file, with the selected function/s activated. After S 21 , the control unit  211  erases the resource saving function select window  33  at S 20 , also erases the print window  31  at S 21  and terminates the processing. Thus, by clicking on the print start decision button  335 , the user enters a print start instruction into the information processor  2 . 
     When the control unit  211  creates a resource saving function select window  33  at S 12  and generates a print data file at S 18 , this unit refers to the contents in the memory unit  212 . 
     With reference to  FIGS. 5 and 12 , if the control unit  211  determines at S 11  that at least one of the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions is selected for the image data file, this unit converts the file into a print data file at S 31  and outputs the print data file to the printer  1  at S 32 , without creating and displaying a resource saving function select window  33 . Subsequently, the control unit  211  may erase the print window  31  at S 33  and terminate the processing. 
     Thus, if at least one of the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions is selected for the image data file, no resource saving function select window  33  may be displayed, so that none of the double-side and aggregate printing functions may be able to be selected. As a result, the printer  1  may immediately start to print the print data file. This improves the workability of the printing system  100 . 
     According to the print control program  213 C, only if none of the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions is selected, one or two of the double-side and aggregate printing functions can be selected. After one or two of the double-side and aggregate printing functions is selected, the print start decision button  335  may be clicked on. In this case, when a print start instruction is detected, printing starts. Accordingly, if one of the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions is selected, none of the double-side and aggregate printing functions can be selected. This prevents accidental selection of any of the double-side and aggregate printing functions. 
     As stated with reference to  FIGS. 6A-10B , the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions are post-treatment functions that involve treating prints mechanically. 
     The 2-up aggregate printing function is to reduce print data for two pages and print the reduced data on one side of a print sheet. For example, with reference to  FIG. 7A , the side stapling function may be selected for the image data file. In this case, if the 2-up aggregate printing function were selected as a resource saving function for the image data file, the relationship between the longitudinal direction of the pages of print data and each of the longitudinal direction and binding direction of a print sheet would differ from that in the case where none of the double-side and aggregate printing functions is selected. Specifically, if the 2-up aggregate printing function were selected, the binding direction might be parallel to the shorter sides of the pages of print data. If none of the double-side and aggregate printing functions is selected, the binding direction may be parallel to the longer sides of the w pages. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 10A and 10B , the Z-folding function may be selected as another post-treatment function for the image data file. In this case, if the 2-up aggregate printing function were selected as a resource saving function for the image data file, not only the binding direction of a print sheet would differ, but also the following disadvantage would arise. 
     For example, the Z-folding function may be selected for a horizontally long page of print data to be printed on an A 3  print sheet so as to be large. In this case, if the 2-up aggregate printing function were selected, the page would be reduced to A 4  size and printed on a half (for example, the left half) of the A 3  print sheet, so that the print might be hard to see. 
     The Z-folding function may be selected for only one horizontally long page of print data to be printed on an A 3  print sheet. In this case, if the 2-up aggregate printing function were selected, the right half of the A 3  print sheet would be blank and might be wasteful. 
     Thus, if at least one of the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions is selected for the image data file, the user is kept from selecting any of the double-side and aggregate printing functions for the file. This prevents the size/s and direction/s of the printed image/s, the binding direction of the print sheet/s, etc. from differing from those intended by the user. Accordingly, the contents of the print/s are prevented from being less appealing. This also prevents the relationship between the direction/s of the printed image/s and the binding direction/s from differing from those intended by the user. Accordingly, the prints are easy to see. As a result, it is possible to restrain reprinting, thereby restraining print sheets from being wasted. Because printing starts without the user selecting any of the double-side and aggregate printing functions, he/she needs to cancel no selected double-side or aggregate printing function. Accordingly, the operability of the printing system  100  is restrained from lowering. 
     As stated already, if none of the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions is selected for the image data file, but if one or more of the face-up delivery, face-down delivery and sorting functions are selected for the file, the control unit  211  displays the resource saving function select window  33 , where the user can select one or two of the double-side and aggregate printing functions. Subsequently, if the print start decision button  335  is clicked on, the control unit  211  executes S 17 -S 21  ( FIG. 5 ) 
     If the selected post-treatment function/s is/are one or two of the face-up delivery, face-down delivery and sorting functions, which do not involve treating prints mechanically, it is considered that the prints are not conference materials, reports or other documents for which the user has intentionally set the sizes and directions of the printed images, the binding direction of the prints, etc. Accordingly, even if one or two of the double-side and aggregate printing functions are selected in addition to one or two of these post-treatment functions, the prints are kept from being hard to see. This avoids the necessity for reprinting, thereby preventing print sheets from being wasted. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 5 and 13 , if the control unit  211  determines at S 11  that at least one of the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions is selected, this unit converts the image data file into a print data file at S 41  and outputs the print data file to the printer  1  at S 42 . 
     Subsequently, the control unit  211  may display the resource saving function select window  33  on the display  22  for a specified time at S 43  and S 44  and erase this window at S 45  when the time has passed. The specified time is very short and may be 3 seconds. Subsequently, the control unit  211  may erase the print window  31  as well at S 46  and terminate the processing. By displaying the resource saving function select window  33 , it is possible to make the user conscious of the resource saving functions. 
     While the resource saving function select window  33  is displayed, a countdown image for the specified time may be displayed on the display  22  to inform the user that this window will disappear in no time. This can relieve the user&#39;s feeling of uneasiness. 
     When the resource saving function select window  33  is displayed at S 43  and S 44 , a message that none of the double-side and aggregate printing functions can be selected may be displayed on the display  22 . This clearly indicates that none of the double-side and aggregate printing functions will be performed for the image data file. Specifically, the control unit  211  executes the processing shown by  FIG. 14 . 
     With reference to  FIGS. 5 and 14 , if the control unit  211  determines at S 11  that at least one of the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions is selected, this unit converts the image data file into a print data file at S 51  and outputs the print data file to the printer  1  at S 52 . 
     Subsequently, with additional reference to  FIG. 15 , the control unit  211  may display on the display  22  the resource saving function select window  33  at S 53  and a message  51  at S 54 . The message  51  states that none of the double-side and aggregate printing functions can be selected, and that the printer  1  is doing printing. After the control unit  211  displays the resource saving function select window  33  for the specified time (S 55 ), this unit may erase this window, the message  51  and the print window  31  at S 56 -S 58  respectively and terminate the processing. 
     The 4-up aggregate printing function is to reduce print data for four pages and print the reduced data on one side of a print sheet. If the 4-up aggregate printing function is selected for an image data file for four pages, the relationship between the longitudinal direction of the pages and each of the longitudinal direction and binding direction of a print sheet is the same as in a case where none of the double-side and aggregate printing functions is selected for the file. Therefore, the printing system  100  might be so designed that, if one or more of the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions is selected, the 4-up aggregate printing function could be selected, but the 2-up aggregate printing function could not be selected. However, in comparison with the case where none of the double-side and aggregate printing functions is selected, the 4-up aggregate printing function makes small printed images, which are less appealing or otherwise disadvantageous. Therefore, if one or more of the stapling, punching and Z-folding functions are selected, it is preferable that none of the double-side and aggregate printing functions could be selected. 
     In order to so convert an image data file into a print data file that the printer  1  fulfills part or all of the resource saving functions, the control unit  211  may, when the print start decision button  335  is clicked on, output to the printer  1  the print data file or image data file with a command to perform part or all of the set functions. 
     The double-side printing functions involve reversing the sides of a print sheet and then feeding it again in the printer  1 . Therefore, if one of the double-side printing functions is selected, the control unit  211  outputs to the printer  1  a command to perform this function. 
     The print control program  213 C might be part of the printer driver  212 B. If other printer drivers were installed in the program storage unit  213 , the print control program  213 C could cooperate with any one of the drivers. 
     It is not essential that the print control program  213 C be installed in the information processor  2 . If the printer  1  were fitted with a display, the print control program  213 C might be installed in and executed by the printer. The print control program  213 C might be installed in and executed by a print server on a network. 
     The print control program  213 C might be applied to a printing system including a monochromatic printer. 
     It is not essential that the print control program  213 C be installed in part of the printing system  100 , which consists of the printer  1  and information processor  2 . The print control program  213 C might be installed in a printer that operates in either a copier mode or a fax mode. This printer includes an image reading unit, a fax board and an image forming unit. The image reading unit reads the image on a document and generates an image data file. In the copier mode, the printer converts the generated image data file into a print data file, based on which the image forming unit performs image formation. The fax board has a function for communicating with an external device connected to the printer by a telephone line or another public line. In the fax mode, the printer receives an image data file by means of the fax board and converts it into a print data file, based on which the image forming unit performs image formation. 
     The image reading unit  14  of the printer  1  might function as a print data file generator for generating a print data file for printing by the printer. The image reading unit  14  might execute the print control program  213 C. 
     The present invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the invention may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.