Abstract:
A color filter substrate includes a base member, a color filter layer, and spacers. The color filter layer is provided on the base member and made up of first, second and third groups of color filters, which transmit light rays representing three different colors, respectively. The spacers are provided at predetermined relative positions for selected ones of the color filters. The selected color filters consist of color filters belonging to the first group, color filters belonging to the second group, and color filters belonging to the third group. The spacers are arranged such that in the selected color filters, the smallest number of color filters of the first, second or third group is at least 80% of the largest number of color filters of the first, second or third group.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to a color filter substrate and a display device. More particularly, the present invention relates to a special positional relationship between color filters and spacers that can be used effectively in a high-definition display device and a color filter substrate. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   A color liquid crystal display (LCD) currently used extensively is provided with color filters for respective picture elements (also called “dots). Typically, three groups of color filters to transmit light rays representing the three primary colors of red (R), green (G) and blue (B), respectively (which will be referred to herein as “R, G and B color filters”) are arranged in a predetermined pattern for those picture elements. One pixel is made up of three picture elements (dots) provided with the R, G and B color filters (which will be referred to herein as “R, G and B picture elements”, respectively), and can contribute to presenting an image in full colors. 
   In this manner, each set of color filters (or picture elements) typically transmits R, G and B light rays. However, the colors of the color filters may also consist of cyan (C), magenta (M) and yellow (Y) or any other arbitrary combination of three colors. Also, exemplary color filter arrangements include a striped arrangement, a delta arrangement and a mosaic arrangement. 
   In a normal LCD, a liquid crystal layer is provided between two substrates, and a color filter layer, in which those color filters are arranged for respective picture elements, is provided on one of the two substrates. For example, in a TFT LCD, a liquid crystal layer is often provided between a TFT substrate, including circuit components such as picture element electrodes and TFTs thereon, and a counter substrate, including a counter electrode and the color filter layer thereon. The color filter layer is sometimes provided on the TFT substrate in some known arrangements. However, the majority of LCDs currently on the market includes the color filter layer on their counter substrate. The counter substrate with the color filter layer is often called a “color filter substrate”. 
   In a normal LCD, spacers are provided to control the thickness of the liquid crystal layer (which is also called a “cell gap”) in the process step of bonding and fixing the color filter substrate and TFT substrate together. However, as the display quality of LCDs has been further improved, the inevitable decrease in the display quality due to the presence of those spacers has become more and more significant. 
   In a conventional TFT LCD, bead-like or rod-like spacers with a predetermined diameter are dispersed on the surface of the color filter substrate or TFT substrate. For that reason, it is difficult to distribute the spacers at sufficiently uniform densities over the entire display screen, thus possibly making the cell gap non-uniform or causing some display defects due to the agglomeration of the spacers. Also, if the spacers are provided inside of picture elements, then the substantial aperture ratio may decrease or some bright spots may be observed. 
   To overcome these problems, a method of selectively arranging the spacers in a predetermined region outside of the picture elements (typically in a region that is covered with a black matrix) was developed. For example, a method of providing columnar spacers in a predetermined region by performing a photolithographic process using a photosensitive resin (which is often called a “photoresist”) is used in actual manufacturing processes. In the following description, spacers that are provided at predetermined positions selectively will be referred to herein as “columnar spacers”. But the “columnar” spacers do not have to be exactly columnar but may also be in a wall shape, for example. 
   However, the present inventors discovered via experiments that the following problems arise when those columnar spacers are used. The problems of the prior art will be described on a conventional TFT LCD as an example. 
     FIG. 7  is a plan view showing an exemplary arrangement of columnar spacers  2  in a conventional TFT LCD  70 . The arrangement shown in  FIG. 7  is an arbitrary portion of a display panel. In the accompanying drawings, the location of a picture element  1  will be identified by, the number of a row that is associated with one of the gate lines G 1 , G 2 , G 3  and so on, and the number of a column that is associated with one of the source lines S 1 , S 2 , S 3  and so on. Also, in  FIGS. 1 through 8 , R, G and B represent the colors of color filters that are provided for respective picture elements  1  and the solid circles represent the columnar spacers  2 . 
   Also, when the positional relationship between the picture elements  1  and the columnar spacers  2  is described, each of the columnar spacers  2  will be regarded herein as being associated with (or belonging to) its upper left picture element  1 . However, each of those columnar spacers  2  may also be associated with its lower right picture element  1 , for example, as long as the same association rule applies to each and every pair of columnar spacer  2  and picture element  1 . 
   If one columnar spacer  2  is provided for each picture element  1  as shown in  FIG. 7 , then the density of the columnar spacers  2  (i.e., the number of columnar spacers per unit area) will be so high as to apply a shear stress horizontally to the gap between the TFT substrate and the counter substrate. In that case, once one of the TFT and counter substrates has shifted with respect to the other, then the two substrates may not be brought back to their original positions unless some impact is applied. Also, once the relative positions of the two substrates have deviated, deterioration in display quality (e.g., decrease in aperture ratio) will be caused. 
   On the other hand, as disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 2001-21900, an LCD, in which the columnar spacers are provided for picture elements in a particular color only, is also known. However, if the columnar spacers  2  are provided for only the picture elements  1  in a particular color (e.g., R) as in the LCD  80  shown in  FIG. 8 , then the density of the columnar spacers  2  will be too low to make the assembly resistible to a high compacting pressure in the process step of bonding the TFT and counter substrates together. As a result, the cell gap may also become non-uniform. 
   Furthermore, if the width of the black matrix (i.e., the width of the gaps between adjacent picture elements) is minimized to maximize the aperture ratio in a high-definition LCD, then even slight misalignment will affect the display quality seriously. That is to say, once the orientation directions of liquid crystal molecules are disturbed by the columnar spacers on the black matrix, the liquid crystal molecules are also misaligned inside of the picture elements, thus deteriorating the display quality significantly. In the arrangement shown in  FIG. 8  in which the columnar spacers  2  are provided for only the picture elements  1  in a particular color, if any misalignment has occurred in the process step of bonding the TFT and counter substrates together, only the picture elements in the particular color will be seriously affected by the disturbance in orientation directions due to the presence of the columnar spacers. As a result, the display quality locally decreases significantly. For example, if the columnar spacers  2  have shifted upper-leftward, then the display quality of the R picture elements will decrease significantly. On the other hand, if the columnar spacers  2  have shifted upper-rightward, then the display quality of the G picture elements will decrease significantly. Accordingly, when the columnar spacers are arranged as shown in  FIG. 8 , not only decrease in contrast ratio due to the drop of the aperture ratio but also loss of the color balance are brought about. 
   The problems of the prior art have been described on the striped arrangements shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8 . However, similar problems also arise in delta arrangements or mosaic arrangements, i.e., no matter how the color filters are arranged. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   In order to overcome the problems described above, preferred embodiments of the present invention provide a display device which can present an image at a high resolution and with an excellent color balance maintained, and also provide a color filter substrate which can be used effectively in such a display device. 
   A color filter substrate according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention preferably includes a base member, a color filter layer, and a plurality of spacers. The color filter layer is preferably provided on the base member and is preferably made up of a first group of color filters, a second group of color filters and a third group of color filters. The first, second and third groups of color filters preferably transmit light rays representing three different colors, respectively. The spacers are preferably provided at predetermined relative positions for selected ones of the color filters. The selected color filters preferably consist of a number of color filters belonging to the first group, a number of color filters belonging to the second group, and a number of color filters belonging to the third group. The spacers are preferably arranged such that in the selected color filters, the smallest number of color filters of the first, second or third group is at least 80% of the largest number of color filters of the first, second or third group. 
   In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the color filter substrate is preferably used in a display device, and the spacers preferably are arranged in at least 80% of a display area of the display device when attached to the display device. 
   In another preferred embodiment, the spacers are preferably provided in gaps between the color filters. 
   In still another preferred embodiment, the spacers are preferably columnar spacers. More particularly, the spacers preferably have a substantially circular or substantially square cross section that is parallel to the surface of the base member. 
   In yet another preferred embodiment, the color filters are preferably arranged at a predetermined pitch px in a row direction and at another predetermined pitch py in a column direction, respectively. The spacers preferably include a set of five spacers consisting of a first pair of spacers, a second pair of spacers, and a central spacer. The spacers of the first pair are preferably separated from each other by a distance of m·px (where m is an integer equal to or greater than 2 but is not a multiple of 3) in the row direction. The spacers of the second pair are preferably separated from the spacers of the first pair by a distance of n·py (where n is a positive integer and a multiple of 2) in the column direction. The central spacer is preferably separated from the spacers of the first pair by a distance of m·px/2 in the row direction and by a distance of n·py/2 in the column direction, respectively. 
   In this particular preferred embodiment, the first pair of spacers and the central spacer consist of a first spacer, a second spacer and a third spacer associated with the first, the second and the third groups of color filters, respectively, the second pair of spacers and the central spacer consist of another first spacer, another second spacer and another third spacer associated with the first, the second and the third groups of color filters, respectively. 
   More specifically, the spacers of the first pair are preferably adjacent to each other in the row direction, the spacers of the second pair are also preferably adjacent to each other in the row direction, and the spacers of the first and second pairs preferably include spacers that are adjacent to each other in the column direction. 
   In yet another preferred embodiment, the color filters preferably include multiple sets of color filters. Each set of color filters preferably consists of three color filters belonging to the first, second and third groups, respectively. The selected color filters, for which the spacers are provided, preferably belong to mutually different sets of color filters. 
   In this particular preferred embodiment, the different sets of color filters, to which the color filters provided with the spacers belong, are preferably not adjacent to each other. 
   In yet another preferred embodiment, the spacers are preferably arranged at a density of 800 spacers/cm 2  to 1,200 spacers/cm 2  with respect to the color filter layer. 
   A display device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention preferably includes two substrates, a display medium layer, a plurality of picture elements, and a plurality of spacers. The display medium layer is preferably provided between the two substrates. Each of the picture elements preferably includes an associated portion of the display medium layer. The picture elements are preferably made up of a first group of picture elements, a second group of picture elements and a third group of picture elements. The first, second and third groups of picture elements preferably transmit light rays representing three different colors, respectively. The spacers are preferably provided at predetermined relative positions for selected ones of the picture elements. The selected picture elements preferably consist of a number of picture elements belonging to the first group, a number of picture elements belonging to the second group, and a number of picture elements belonging to the third group. The spacers are preferably arranged such that in the selected picture elements, the smallest number of picture elements of the first, second or third group is at least 80% of the largest number of picture elements of the first, second or third group. 
   In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spacers preferably are arranged in at least 80% of a display area of the display device. 
   In another preferred embodiment, the spacers are preferably provided in gaps between the picture elements. 
   In still another preferred embodiment, the spacers are preferably columnar spacers. More particularly, the spacers preferably have a substantially circular or substantially square cross section that is parallel to the surface of the base member. 
   In yet another preferred embodiment, the picture elements are preferably arranged at a predetermined pitch px in a row direction and at another predetermined pitch py in a column direction, respectively. The spacers preferably include a set of five spacers consisting of a first pair of spacers, a second pair of spacers, and a central spacer. The spacers of the first pair are preferably separated from each other by a distance of m·px (where m is an integer equal to or greater than 2 but is not a multiple of 3) in the row direction. The spacers of the second pair are preferably separated from the spacers of the first pair by a distance of n·py (where n is a positive integer and a multiple of 2) in the column direction. The central spacer is preferably separated from the spacers of the first pair by a distance of m·px/2 in the row direction and by a distance of n·py/2 in the column direction, respectively. 
   In this particular preferred embodiment, the first pair of spacers and the central spacer consist of a first spacer, a second spacer and a third spacer associated with the first, the second and the third groups of picture elements, respectively, the second pair of spacers and the central spacer consist of another first spacer, another second spacer and another third spacer associated with the first, the second and the third groups of picture elements, respectively. 
   More specifically, the spacers of the first pair are preferably adjacent to each other in the row direction, the spacers of the second pair are also preferably adjacent to each other in the-row direction, and the spacers of the first and second pairs preferably include spacers that are adjacent to each other in the column direction. 
   In still another preferred embodiment, the picture elements preferably include multiple pixels, each consisting of three picture elements belonging to the first, second and third groups, respectively. The selected picture elements, for which the spacers are provided, preferably belong to mutually different pixels. 
   In this particular preferred embodiment, the different pixels, to which the picture elements provided with the spacers belong, are preferably not adjacent to each other. 
   In yet another preferred embodiment, the spacers are preferably arranged at a density of 800 spacers/cm 2  to 1,200 spacers/cm 2  in the display area. 
   In yet another preferred embodiment, one of the two substrates is preferably a color filter substrate including a plurality of color filters that are provided for the multiple picture elements, while the other substrate is preferably an active-matrix substrate including a plurality of picture element electrodes and a plurality of active elements that are provided for the multiple picture elements. In this case, the spacers may be included in the color filter substrate. 
   In an alternative preferred embodiment, one of the two substrates is preferably a color filter substrate including a plurality of color filters that are provided for the multiple picture elements, while the other substrate is preferably an active-matrix substrate including a plurality of picture element electrodes and a plurality of active elements that are provided for the multiple picture elements. In this case, the spacers may be included in the active-matrix substrate. 
   Other features, elements, processes, steps, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a plan view showing an exemplary arrangement of columnar spacers  2  in an LCD  10  according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 2  is a plan view showing an exemplary arrangement of columnar spacers  2  in an LCD  20  according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 3  is a plan view showing an exemplary arrangement of columnar spacers  2  in an LCD  30  according to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 4  is a plan view showing an exemplary arrangement of columnar spacers  2  in an LCD  40  according to yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 5  is a plan view showing an exemplary arrangement of columnar spacers  2  in an LCD  50  according to yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 6  is a plan view showing an exemplary arrangement of columnar spacers  2  in an LCD  60  according to yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 7  is a plan view showing an arrangement of columnar spacers  2  in a conventional TFT LCD  70 . 
       FIG. 8  is a plan view showing an arrangement of columnar spacers  2  in another conventional TFT LCD  80 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   Hereinafter, exemplary arrangements of columnar spacers in a display device and a color filter substrate according to various preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to  FIGS. 1 through 6 . As in the background section, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described as being applied to a TFT LCD. However, the present invention is in no way limited to the following specific preferred embodiments. Also, in  FIGS. 1 through 6 , each component having substantially the same function as the counterpart of the conventional arrangement shown in  FIG. 7  or  8  will be identified by the same reference numeral and the description thereof will be omitted herein.  FIGS. 1 through 6  are plan views schematically showing arrangements for TFT LCDs according to various preferred embodiments of the present invention. The arrangement shown in each of these drawings is an arbitrary portion of a display panel. 
   In the LCD  10  shown in  FIG. 1 , the picture elements  1  are arranged in a delta arrangement pattern and the columnar spacers  2  are arranged in non-picture element regions that are shielded from light by a black matrix (not shown). In this preferred embodiment, the columnar spacers  2  are not provided for all picture elements  1  but for some selected picture elements  1 . 
   The present inventors discovered via experiments that the columnar spacers  2  preferably have a density of 800 spacers/cm 2  to 1,200 spacers/cm 2  in the display area. The reason is as follows. Specifically, if the columnar spacers  2  have a density of less than 800 spacers/cm 2 , then the cell gap sometimes cannot be kept uniform. However, if the density of the columnar spacers  2  exceeds 1,200 spacers/cm 2 , then the horizontal shift of the substrates described above may be irreparable. The same preferred density range of the columnar spacers  2  applies to all of the preferred embodiments shown in  FIGS. 1 through 6 . 
   To define the density of the columnar spacers  2  within this preferred range, one columnar spacer  2  may be provided for two picture elements in a 7-inch VGA, for six picture elements in an 8.4-inch VGA and for twelve picture elements in a 13-inch VGA, respectively. The positional relationship between the columnar spacers  2  and the picture elements  1  may be defined according to the resolution of the given LCD (i.e., the number of pixels per unit area as represented by XGA or SXGA, for example). 
   In the LCD  10  shown in  FIG. 1 , looking at the 1 st  row associated with the first gate line G 1 , the leftmost columnar spacer  2 R is provided between the R picture element  1  associated with the leftmost source line S 1 -R and the G picture element  1  associated with the next source line S 1 -G, the second leftmost columnar spacer  2 B is provided between the next B and R picture elements  1 , and the third leftmost columnar spacer  2 G is provided between the next G and B picture elements  1 . That is to say, on the first row associated with the first gate line G 1 , one columnar spacer  2  is provided for every second picture element  1 . 
   Next, on the 2 nd  row associated with the second gate line G 2 , no columnar spacers  2  are arranged at all. 
   Next, on the 3 rd  row associated with the third gate line G 3 , no columnar spacer is provided between the R picture element  1  associated with the source line S 1 -R and the G picture element  1  associated with the source line S 1 -G, but columnar spacers  2 G,  2 R and  2 B are provided between the G picture element  1  associated with the source line S 1 -G and the B picture element  1  associated with the source line S 1 -B, between the next R and G picture elements  1 , and between the next B and R picture elements  1 , respectively. 
   Next, on the 4 th  row associated with the fourth gate line G 4 , no columnar spacers  2  are arranged at all. 
   Next, on the 5 th  row associated with the fifth gate line G 5 , the columnar spacers  2 R,  2 B,  2 G and so on are provided as on the 1 st  row associated with the first gate line G 1 . On the 6 th  row associated with the sixth gate line G 6 , no columnar spacers  2  are provided at all as on the 2 nd  row associated with the second gate line G 2 . And on the 7 th  row associated with the seventh gate line G 7  (not shown), the columnar spacers  2 R,  2 B,  2 G and so on are provided as on the 3 rd  row associated with the third gate line G 3 . 
   As shown in  FIG. 1 , the columnar spacer  2  provided between R and B picture elements is labeled as  2 R, the columnar spacer  2  provided between B and R picture elements is labeled as  2 B, the columnar spacer  2  provided between G and B picture elements is labeled as  2 B. In this manner, on each of the rows including the columnar spacers  2 , the columnar spacers  2 R,  2 B and  2 G are arranged in this order. In a normal LCD, each row includes R, G and B picture elements in the same numbers, and therefore, includes the columnar spacers  2 R,  2 G and  2 B in the same numbers, too. Depending on the number of rows with the columnar spacers  2  (i.e., the total number of rows that make up the display area if the columnar spacers  2  are arranged over the entire display area following the arrangement rule described above), the columnar spacers  2 R,  2 G and  2 B sometimes may not be provided in the same numbers. However, if the columnar spacers  2 R,  2 G and  2 B are arranged such that the smallest number of color filters associated with the columnar spacers  2 R,  2 G or  2 B is at least 80% (preferably 90% or more) of the largest number of color filters associated with the columnar spacers  2 R,  2 G or  2 B, then color unevenness is not perceivable so easily even when the substrates shift from each other. 
   Naturally, the columnar spacers  2  are preferably arranged in the pattern described above in as great a percentage of the display area as possible. However, the effects of the present invention are achievable if the columnar spacers  2  are arranged in the above-described pattern in at least 80% of the overall display area. In any case, the columnar spacers  2  are preferably provided in the gaps between the picture elements  1 , i.e., in the regions shielded from light by the black matrix as described above. 
   More particularly, the columnar spacers  2  preferably have a substantially circular or substantially square cross section that is parallel to the surface of the substrate (i.e., display screen). If the columnar spacers  2  have such a highly symmetrical cross-sectional shape, then color unevenness is much less easily perceivable even in case of misalignment. This is because even when the columnar spacers  2  enter the picture elements  1  due to the misalignment, the picture elements  1  will be affected to almost the same degree no matter in which direction the misalignment has happened. 
   The columnar spacer arrangement shown in  FIG. 1  is also characterized in that the color of a picture element  1  associated with a columnar spacer  2  is different from that of a picture element  1  associated with its adjacent columnar spacer  2 . More specifically, two columnar spacers  2 , adjacent to each other in the row direction, are associated with two picture elements  1  in two different colors. Also, in the column direction, the columnar spacer  2 R or  2 B is adjacent to the columnar spacer  2 G and the columnar spacer  2 B or  2 G is adjacent to the columnar spacer  2 R. Accordingly, even if the substrates have shifted from each other, the number of picture elements  1  to be affected by the columnar spacers  2  will be balanced not only in the overall display area but also locally. Thus, the color unevenness is hardly perceivable if any. 
   The LCD  20  shown in  FIG. 2  has a higher resolution than the LCD  10  shown in  FIG. 1 . 
   In the LCD  10  shown in  FIG. 1 , the columnar spacers  2  are selectively arranged every second row in the column direction (e.g., on the 1 st  row associated with the first gate line GI and then on the 3 rd  row associated with the third gate line G 3 , and so on) and every second picture element  1  (i.e., such that each pair of horizontally adjacent columnar spacers  2  sandwiches two picture elements  1  between them) in the row direction. On the other hand, in the LCD  20  shown in  FIG. 2 , the columnar spacers  2  are selectively arranged every third row in the column direction (e.g., on the 1 st  row associated with the first gate line G 1 , on the 4 th  row associated with the fourth gate line G 4  and then on the 7 th  row associated with the seventh gate line G 7 , and so on) and every fifth picture element  1  (i.e., such that each pair of horizontally adjacent columnar spacers  2  sandwiches five picture elements  1  between them) in the row direction. 
   In this manner, the number of picture elements  1  provided between each pair of horizontally or vertically adjacent columnar spacers  2  in the LCD  20  shown in  FIG. 2  is different from that of picture elements  1  provided between each pair of horizontally or vertically adjacent columnar spacers  2  in the LCD  10  shown in  FIG. 1 . However, the columnar spacers  2 R,  2 B and  2 G of the LCD  20  satisfy the same positional relationship as the counterparts of the LCD  10 . Thus, the LCD  20  achieves the same effects as the LCD  10 . 
   The positional relationship satisfied by the columnar spacers  2  and picture elements  1  shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2  may also be represented as follows. 
   Specifically, suppose the picture elements  1  are arranged at a predetermined pitch px in the row direction (i.e., the direction in which the gate lines extend) and at another predetermined pitch py in the column direction (i.e., in the direction in which the source lines extend), respectively. In that case, the columnar spacers  2  include a set  4  of five spacers consisting of a first pair  3   a  of columnar spacers, a second pair  3   b  of columnar spacers, and a central columnar spacer  2   c . The spacers of the first pair  3   a  are separated from each other by a distance of m·px (where m is an integer equal to or greater than 2 but is not a multiple of 3) in the row direction. The spacers of the second pair  3   b  are separated from the spacers of the first pair  3   a  by a distance of n·py (where n is a positive integer and a multiple of 2) in the column direction. The central spacer  2   c  is separated from the spacers of the first pair  3   a  by a distance of m·px/2 in the row direction and by a distance of n·py/2 in the column direction, respectively. 
   In the LCD  10  shown in  FIG. 1 , the columnar spacers of each of the first and second pairs  3   a  and  3   b , which are included in the spacer set  4 , are separated from each other by 2px in the row direction. The first and second pairs  3   a  and  3   b  of columnar spacers are separated from each other by 4py in the column direction. And the central columnar spacer  2   c  is separated from each of the four columnar spacers  2  in the first and second pairs  3   a  and  3   b  by px in the row direction and by 2py in the column direction, respectively. 
   In the LCD  20  shown in  FIG. 2 , the columnar spacers of each of the first and second pairs  3   a  and  3   b , which are included in the spacer set  4 , are separated from each other by 5px in the row direction. The first and second pairs  3   a  and  3   b  of columnar spacers are separated from each other by 6py in the column direction. And the central columnar spacer  2   c  is separated from each of the four columnar spacers  2  in the first and second pairs  3   a  and  3   b  by 2.5px in the row direction and by 3py in the column direction, respectively. 
   That is to say, in the spacer set  4  consisting of the five columnar spacers  2 , a rectangle is defined by the two pairs  3   a  and  3   b  of columnar spacers and the central columnar spacer  2   c  is located at the geometric center of the rectangle. The distance between the two columnar spacers  2  of each of the first and second pairs  3   a  and  3   b  is a multiple of the pitch px in the row direction but not a multiple of 3 such that each pair of horizontally adjacent columnar spacers  2  are associated with picture elements in two different colors. Also, the color of the picture element associated with the central columnar spacer  2   c  is different from those of the picture elements associated with the columnar spacers  2  in the first and second pairs  3   a  and  3   b.    
   By arranging the spacer sets  4 , each satisfying the relationships described above, regularly in the column and row directions, the effects achieved by the LCDs  10  and  20  are also achievable. 
   Also, based on the positional relationships described above, the columnar spacers  2  may also be arranged as in the LCD  30  shown in  FIG. 3 . 
   In the LCD  30 , three columnar spacers  2  are provided for a set of three R, G and B picture elements, which make up one pixel, and define a triangle around one of the three picture elements. These three columnar spacers  2  are arranged so as to satisfy the positional relationships described above. That is to say, one of the three vertices of a triangle defined by the three columnar spacers  2  surrounding one picture element and associated vertex of a horizontally or vertically adjacent triangle defined by the three columnar spacers  2  surrounding another picture element satisfy the same positional relationship as the counterparts shown in  FIG. 2 . 
   As far as a predetermined cell gap can be maintained, the density of columnar spacers  2  is preferably as low as possible. In view of this consideration, the arrangement shown in  FIG. 2  is more preferable to that shown in  FIG. 3 . However, the arrangement shown in  FIG. 3  may also be adopted, either fully or just partially, in a situation where the LCD is easily affected by some external force. 
   The preferred embodiments of the present invention described above are applied to an LCD including spacers that are arranged in a delta arrangement pattern. Alternatively, the present invention is equally applicable for use in the LCD  40  shown in  FIG. 4  or the LCD  50  shown in  FIG. 5  in which the spacers are arranged in a striped arrangement pattern. 
   Specifically, in the LCD  40  shown in  FIG. 4 , m=4 and n=4 to define the distance between horizontally adjacent columnar spacers  2  and the distance between vertically adjacent columnar spacers  2 , respectively. On the other hand, in the LCD  50  shown in  FIG. 5 , m=2 and n=2 to define the distance between horizontally adjacent columnar spacers  2  and the distance between vertically adjacent columnar spacers  2 , respectively. 
   The present invention is further applicable for use in the LCD  60  shown in  FIG. 6  in which spacers are arranged in a mosaic arrangement pattern. In the LCD  60  shown in  FIG. 6 , m=4 and n=4 to define the distance between horizontally adjacent columnar spacers  2  and the distance between vertically adjacent columnar spacers  2 , respectively. 
   According to various preferred embodiments of the present invention described above, the columnar spacers  2  are uniformly arranged for the respective picture elements in the three different colors. Thus, even if the substrates have shifted from each other, the display quality of picture elements in a particular color does not deteriorate. The columnar spacer arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is preferably applied to the overall display area but may also be applied just locally depending on the necessity. 
   Also, the columnar spacers  2  may be provided for either the color filter substrate or the TFT substrate. If the columnar spacers  2  are provided on the color filter substrate, then the picture elements  1  of the preferred embodiments described above correspond to the color filters. 
   Various preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described as being applied to a TFT LCD. However, the present invention is also applicable for use in any other type of LCD. Furthermore, the present invention is applicable for use in not just LCDs but also various other types of display devices (e.g., electrophoretic display device) including columnar spacers. 
   Various preferred embodiments of the present invention described above provide a display device, which can present an image at a high resolution and with an excellent color balance maintained, and a color filter substrate, which can be used effectively in such a display device. 
   The present invention is applicable particularly effectively to a small-sized, high-definition display device (e.g., a display device with a pixel density comparable to that of a 13-inch VGA) and can improve its display quality significantly. 
   While the present invention has been described with respect to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the disclosed invention may be modified in numerous ways and may assume many embodiments other than those specifically described above. Accordingly, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all modifications of the invention that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.