Abstract:
A document information processing apparatus is obtained in which there is no need to provide the consistency of management between the instances of documents and their metadata, that is, there is no fear that inconsistency in management might be caused, thereby eliminating the possibility of loading the system, which would otherwise result from the provision of managerial consistency, as well as making it possible to improve their versatility. The apparatus includes a document input and output section that is able to at least input or output a document as an image data, an operation timing detection section that detects predetermined operation timing for the document, a metadata acquisition section that acquires metadata of the document based on the operation timing, and a metadata description section that describes the metadata in a predetermined format based on instance data of the document at predetermined timing with respect to the input or output of the document.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/915,361, Filed Aug. 11, 2004, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to a document information processing apparatus and a document information processing program capable of managing documents by writing or describing metadata in the form of information on the documents into document files in the form of image data. 
         [0004]    Here, note that a document means a document or text file of an application and a data file of a format such as an image format, an audio format or the like. 
         [0005]    In addition, a document information processing apparatus means an apparatus that processes, registers and manages documents and their metadata, and information on the documents to be managed includes location information on the documents existing on a system (which, for example in an explore, a file viewer, of a Microsoft Windows, is managed as paths in a folder structure that depends on a Windows file system), links (for example, links to respective application forms of enterprise portals), layout or placement structures according to contents for example, categories of Yahoo), and so on. Also, this apparatus can further contains systems that provide management structures to keep or store documents themselves (for example, document management systems). The apparatus is available from a plurality of users and has a user authentication function and a function to be shared through networks. Moreover, the apparatus is able to cooperate with various devices of the above-mentioned document input-output system so as to extend a function to perform media conversion between paper data and electronic data and an external communication facility such as facsimile. 
         [0006]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0007]    In the past, the management of documents carried out in a general document input-output system is performed by associating the documents with metadata possessed by the documents (for example, see Japanese patent application laid-open No. 2002-245064). 
         [0008]    Here, note that the metadata of each document includes attribute and/or property information such as the author or creator of the document, the group to which the creator belongs, the place in which the creator is mainly resident, users of the document, the group or groups to which the users belong, the place or places in which the users are mainly resident, the data and time of creation, the weather at the time of creation, the environment around the creator at the time of creation, the dates and times of use, the weathers at the time of use, the environments around the users, the applications used for creation, etc. 
         [0009]    Specifically, in case where information on the user who create a document is managed as metadata together with document information, the document and the user information are respectively kept or stored in a database separately from each other. In this case, the user information is stored in the form of a user table or the like together with a plurality of pieces of other user information. Further, the documents and the user information are made consistent with each other so as to make it possible to mutually associate them with one another. 
         [0010]    In such a system, however, as the amount of documents to be managed increases, it becomes necessary to use a retrieval means for finding or retrieving desired documents. In such a case, conventional systems generally provide the following functions so as to assist the finding or retrieval operation of the users: 
         [0000]    (1) Storage folders and categories can be set for the documents to be retrieved, so that the documents can be properly arranged and organized by using such a management structure; (2) The documents can be retrieved in accordance with their contents through full-text searches; and (3) The documents are sorted through a user view capable of displaying a list of the documents by making use of metadata thereof. These functions can be used independently of one another as well as in their proper combinations. 
         [0011]    In the above-mentioned conventional technique, in the case of managing the metadata, there is provided a module for managing identifiers corresponding to the instances of the documents in a collective manner, and the module serves to perform the management of the metadata of the pertinent documents by associating the metadata with the instances of the documents. In this case, the metadata are not attached to the document instances themselves, so when the metadata corresponding to the pertinent documents are made reference to, it is necessary to access a module that collectively manages the metadata. 
         [0012]    Here, note that the instances of the documents in this application are actual instances that depend on the styles or formats by which the documents are described. For example, in a Windows file system, they are files that are managed thereon, and in a document management system, they are data records or the like that are stored in a database managing images thereon. Also, the stiles or formats mean storage forms specific to TIF file operation modules, PDF file operation modules, document management systems, and so on. Here, the modules means software modules that are possessed by the respective component devices of the document information processing apparatus or components of the document input-output system. 
         [0013]    In such a management method, the correspondence (link relation) between the instances of pertinent documents and the identifiers collectively managed by the modules might collapse or break off, and processes for prevention of such a situation carried out in the modules might load the entire system. In addition, since the management of the instances of the documents and their metadata has to be made consistent, such management becomes dependent on the system, so the versatility of the document management with other systems that do not adopt the pertinent document management system will be lost, thus giving rise to the problem that the portability of the documents to the other systems will also be lost. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0014]    The present invention is intended to obviate the problems as referred to above, and has for its object to provide a document information processing apparatus and a document information processing program in which there is no need to provide the consistency of management between the instances of documents and their metadata, that is, there is no fear that inconsistency in management might be caused, thereby eliminating the possibility of loading the system, which would otherwise result from the provision of managerial consistency, as well as making it possible to improve their versatility. 
         [0015]    In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a document information processing apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a document input and output section that is able to at least input or output a document as image data; an operation timing detection section that detects predetermined operation timing for the document; a metadata acquisition section that acquires metadata of the document based on the operation timing; and a metadata description section that describes the metadata in a predetermined format based on instance data of the document at predetermined timing with respect to the input or output of the document. 
         [0016]    In addition, a document information processing program according to the present invention makes a computer execute: an operation timing detection step that detects the timing of an operation performed on at least one of an input and an output of a document as image data; a metadata acquisition step that acquires metadata of the document based on the operation timing; and a metadata description step that describes the metadata in a predetermined format based on instance data of the document at predetermined timing with respect to the input or output of the document. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0017]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram showing the basic configuration of a system according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0018]      FIG. 2  is a view showing one example of a document and its metadata used in the embodiment. 
           [0019]      FIG. 3  is a functional block diagram showing a document information processing apparatus in the first embodiment. 
           [0020]      FIG. 4  is a flow chart showing the operation of the first embodiment. 
           [0021]      FIG. 5  is a view conceptually showing a document obtained in the first embodiment. 
           [0022]      FIG. 6  is a functional block diagram showing a document information processing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0023]      FIG. 7  is a flow chart showing the operation of the second embodiment. 
           [0024]      FIG. 8  is a view conceptually showing a document obtained in the second embodiment. 
           [0025]      FIG. 9  is a functional block diagram showing a document information processing apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0026]      FIG. 10  is a flow chart showing the operation of the third embodiment. 
           [0027]      FIG. 11  is a view conceptually showing a document obtained in the third embodiment. 
           [0028]      FIG. 12  is a functional block diagram showing a document information processing apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0029]      FIG. 13  is a flow chart showing the operation of the fourth embodiment. 
           [0030]      FIG. 14  is a view conceptually showing one example of a document obtained in the fourth embodiment. 
           [0031]      FIG. 15  is a view conceptually showing another example of a document obtained in the fourth embodiment. 
           [0032]      FIG. 16  is a functional block diagram showing a document information processing apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0033]      FIG. 17  is a flow chart showing the operation of the fifth embodiment. 
           [0034]      FIG. 18  is a functional block diagram showing a document information processing apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0035]      FIG. 19  is a view conceptually showing a document obtained in the sixth embodiment. 
           [0036]      FIG. 20  is a functional block diagram showing a metadata acquisition part of a document information processing apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0037]      FIG. 21  is a flow chart showing the operation of the seventh embodiment. 
           [0038]      FIG. 22  is a view conceptually showing a document obtained in the seventh embodiment. 
           [0039]      FIG. 23  is a functional block diagram showing a document information processing apparatus according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0040]      FIG. 24  is a flow chart showing the operation of the eighth embodiment. 
           [0041]      FIG. 25  is a view conceptually showing a document obtained in the eighth embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0042]    Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail while referring to the accompanying drawings. 
         [0043]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram that shows the basic configuration of a document information processing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0044]    This document information processing apparatus  100  includes an image reading section (image reading device)  1  such as a scanner for reading sheet (e.g., paper) documents to obtain image data through electronic processing, an image printing section (printing device)  2  such as printer for printing on paper image files with electronic formats (PDF, TIFF, etc.) and the contents of documents created by applications (document files created by word processor applications, etc.), which have been converted into bitmap formats or the like, an image communication section  3  for sending and receiving image information through communications with the outside such as facsimile transmission, e-mails with image files attached thereto, etc., by using network communication lines such as telephone lines, LANs, etc., a CPU  4  that constitutes a control section, a ROM (Read Only Memory)  5  and a RAM (Random Access Memory)  6  that together constitute a storage section, and an interface  7 . 
         [0045]    The image reading section  1 , the image printing section  2  and the image communication section  3  together constitute a document input and output section according to the present invention. 
         [0046]      FIG. 2  shows the basic configuration of document information to be processed in this embodiment, wherein the documents mean the instances of the documents, and include application document files, web pages, etc. In addition, the metadata are attributes accompanying the documents, as stated above, and include such attributes as [creators], [creation dates], and so on, having such values as “XXX Taro”, “16:18, Jun. 19, 2004”, respectively. Depending upon the characteristic or property of the metadata, some of the metadata may has a dependency relation such as the one where once a [creator] is decided, an “XXX third division”, being a [group to which the creator belongs], is accordingly decided. 
       Embodiment 1 
       [0047]    Now, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail. 
         [0048]      FIG. 3  shows a functional block diagram in the first embodiment of the present invention. This functional block diagram is constituted, by way of example, by the basic configuration shown in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0049]    A document information management apparatus  100 A, as illustrated in  FIG. 3 , includes an image reading section  1 , an image printing section  2  and an image communication section  3 , and at the same time further includes: a document operation management section  11  that manages the time information on document operations, information on the state of the operation environment or the like by monitoring the operations or manipulations performed by document (image data) handling sections such as the image reading section  1 , the image printing section  2 , the image communication section  3 , etc., or by receiving operation events of the document handling sections; a metadata collection section  12  (corresponding to a metadata acquisition section in the present invention) that recognizes and obtains (acquires) information on document operation managed in the document operation management section  11  as attribute information that pertains to the pertinent documents; and a file operation section  13  (corresponding to a metadata description section in the present invention) that converts the image data obtained by the image reading section  1  or the image communication section  3  into files of more versatile formats (PDF, etc.), and writes the metadata collected by the metadata collection section  12  into pertinent files thereby to create files each having a description of pertinent metadata. 
         [0050]    Here, the document operation management section  11  can be constituted by a software module that monitors and manages time information on operations or manipulations of documents and/or information on the state of the operation or manipulation environment (operation or manipulation history) by monitoring scanning of documents, printing of documents from applications, transfer of fax documents received, and operations or manipulations of documents in the operation or manipulation environment of a document input and output part formed of a PC (personal computer)  20  (e.g., opening, saving or printing of document files, or sending or editing of e-mails by using applications on the PC), or by receiving operation or manipulation events. In addition, the document operation management section  11  constitutes an operation timing detection section  11   a  of the present invention. 
         [0051]    The metadata collection section  12  collects information on the document operation managed in the document operation management section  11 , and recognizes it as attribute information pertaining to the pertinent document. For example, the metadata collection section  12  can be constituted by a software module that serves to recognize, upon scanning of an image, a person “XXX Taro” having performed the scanning operation as a [creator] of a scan image file. 
       (Description of the Operation) 
       [0052]    Hereinafter, reference will be made, as one example of the operation of the first embodiment, to the case where a document scanned by a scanner (the image reading section  1 ) is converted into a document file, and metadata of the [creator] and the [creation date and time] are written or described into the document instance thus created, while referring to a flow chart of  FIG. 4 . 
         [0053]    When a document reading process is started (step S 1 - 1 ), the image reading section  1  has a mechanism that accepts an instruction from a user. For example, a GUI for user operation is displayed on a touch panel of a copier so as to wait for an instruction from the user (step S 1 - 2 ), whereby the start of the document reading process and parameters for reading can be set by user&#39;s operation. Here, it is assumed that the user first logs in for authentication processing by using the touch panel in order to perform the document reading process. The user can log in by inputting the user&#39;s own name and a password for authentication, and thereafter perform operations for starting the document reading process and setting parameters. At this time, the image reading section  1  receives the user name and the password from the user for authentication (step S 1 - 3 ), and determines based on the information whether the login is permitted. The document operation management section  11  detects that the login has been made in the image reading section  1  so as to read the document (that is, a predetermined operation for the input/output of the document has been performed) (step S 1 - 4 ). 
         [0054]    The metadata collection section  12  determines that the user who has made this login is “the creator of the document instance created by this reading”. Upon receipt of an event that the authentication processing has been detected from the document operation management section  11 , the metadata collection section  12  collects information such as the user name, the password, etc., by applying a rule determining that the password of the user who performed this login is “the password of the creator of the document instance created by this reading” (step S 1 - 5 ). The information collected here is once stored or kept temporally so as to describe the document instance at a later time. For such storage, there can be used a temporal data area in a memory used by the metadata collection section  12  or a file on the file system that is a working area for converting the read image into the document instance. 
         [0055]    When the user authentication and the setting of the parameters for reading or the like are completed, the user actually instructs the start of reading the document. According to this instruction, the image reading section  1  sequentially reads in sheets of the document on an automatic carriage or sheet feeder of the copier by means of a scanner for example and acquires them as image data (step S 1 - 6 ). At this time, the document operation management section  11  detects that the document reading process has been performed in the image reading section  1  (step S 1 - 7 ). Upon receipt of an event that the reading processing has been performed from the document operation management section  11 , the metadata collection section  12  collects the date and time at that time by applying a rule that determines that the date and time at which this login is started is “the creation date and time of the document instance created by this reading” step S 1 - 8 ). 
         [0056]    The information collected here is temporally kept or stored in the metadata collection section  12 , as in the information on the [creator] and the [creator password]. 
         [0057]    The image data read by the image reading section  1  is passed to the file operation section  13  and converted there into a file of the document instance of a format to be created. Here, the metadata collected from the metadata collection section  12  during the document reading operation is passed to the file operation section  13 . The file operation section  13  creates, from the image data and the metadata, the file with a form complied with the target format to be created, writes or describe the metadata into the file (step S 1 - 9 ), and thereafter completes the processing (step S 1 - 10 ). 
         [0058]    Here, note that in the description of the metadata in step S 1 - 9 , if the object whose metadata is to be described is a file of PDF format for example, the image data is described as a stream object for each page read of the document, and the metadata is further described in RDF format and written into the PDF format as an XML stream object of versatile XMP format for each page. 
         [0059]    Thus, the metadata such as [creator], [creator password], [creation date and time], etc., for the image data thus read in by the scanner can be embedded in the document instance and set as attributes of the document file. Here, although reference has been made to an example in which the image reading section  1  (e.g., a scanner) is used as the document input and output section, it is possible to use even the image data received by the image communication section  3  (e.g., a Fax machine) as an image input. The metadata to be collected can vary depending upon different input sources. For example, if an input source is image data received by a Fax machine, the name of its Fax sender can be collected as a [sender name], or if it is an image data file attached to an e-mail received, the e-mail address of its sender can be collected as a [sender address]. 
         [0060]    In cases where the metadata thus collected is written or described into the document instance, tags of XML described in RDF for example can be defined on the apparatus or system, in accordance with which the metadata can be embedded in the document instance. 
         [0061]    The document instance created in this manner is illustrated in  FIG. 5 . For example, when the read image is converted into a PDF file, it is written or described into the file as a block to identify its format, or a block of stream data with the image attached to a page, or a block that is not displayed with viewers such as Acrobat Reader (registered trademark) but embedded in the file as data. An image on each page of the read document is described in an image stream as one page of the PDF file, such being repeated for the number of pages read. The metadata thus collected are described as an XML stream for a data area which is not displayed as an image. 
         [0062]    Here, the name, “XXX Taro”, of the user who logged in for document reading is given as a value for the [creator]; the password, “pass”, of the user who logged in for document reading is given as a value for the [creator password]; and the date and time, “2004/6/19 14:30:10”, at which the reading process was performed, is given as a value for the [creation date and time]. In the case of important values such as a password from the standpoint of security, they can be described through encryption. 
       Embodiment 2 
       [0063]      FIG. 6  is a functional block diagram that illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention. In a document information processing apparatus  100 B according to the second embodiment, provision is made for an image analysis section  14  in addition to the functional blocks of the first embodiment shown in  FIG. 3 . By analyzing an image file (JPEG, bitmap, etc.), this image analysis section  14  acquires layout information such as diagram areas, text or character areas, etc., contained in its contents, and further performs the reading of text information in the areas that are recognized as the text or character areas by using an optical character reader or the like. The image analysis section  14  can be constituted by a software module that serves to acquire diagram information, color information and text information that are contained in the contents of pertinent images. 
       (Description of the Operation) 
       [0064]    Hereinafter, reference will be made, as one example of the operation of the second embodiment, to the case where a document read by a scanner is converted into a document file, and the [title] of the contents of images is further extracted by analyzing the image data acquired, and metadata for the [title] is additionally embedded into the document instance thus created, while using a flow chart of  FIG. 7 . Here, note that operations in step S 1 - 1  through step S 1 - 8  in  FIG. 7  are the same as those shown in  FIG. 4  in the first embodiment, and hence an explanation thereof is omitted here. 
         [0065]    First of all, an image analysis section  14  makes analysis on the image data acquired by the image reading section  1 . For example, a layout analysis is first performed with respect to the image data, so that portions corresponding to the diagram areas and portions corresponding to text areas are recognized from page images of the document. In general, it is considered that a text or character area located in an upper center in the image of the first page is an important portion such as the [title], a topic, a caption or heading of the document. In accordance with such a determination rule, the image analysis section  14  performs OCR processing with respect to the pertinent portion having been subjected to the layout analysis to extract text or character information (step S 2 - 1 ). At this time, the document operation management section  11  detects that an image analysis has been performed in the image analysis section  14  (step S 2 - 2 ). 
         [0066]    Upon receipt of an event that an image analysis has been performed from the document operation management section  11 , the metadata collection section  12  collects the text or character information by applying a rule that determines that the character string in the portion which is recognized as the [title] of the document thus read is “the [title] of the document instance created by this reading” (step S 2 - 3 ). The metadata thus obtained is described and embedded into the document instance, similar to the first embodiment (step S 1 - 9 ), and the processing is then ended (step S 1 - 10 ). 
         [0067]    The document instance created in this manner is illustrated in  FIG. 8 . When a description of “Patent Proposal” is made in the upper center on the first page of the image read for example, the layout of the text area corresponding to the description is analyzed and the description is extracted as character string information by means of OCR. The character string “Patent Proposal” thus extracted by OCR is given as a value for the [title] of the data area for the metadata of the document instance. 
       Embodiment 3 
       [0068]      FIG. 9  is a functional block diagram that illustrates a third embodiment of the present invention. In a document information processing apparatus  100 B according to the third embodiment, provision is made for a print format management section  13   a  in addition to the functional blocks of the second embodiment shown in  FIG. 6 . This print format management section  13   a  can be constituted, for example, by a software module that serves to manage image data to be printed as data of a format such as bitmap into which the image data is converted so as to be able to be printed by the image printing section  2  when an instruction for printing the image data of a document scanned or the image data read upon copying a document is given by an application through a printer driver. The data of the pertinent format is held in a file of a print format or the like, so that it can be printed by the image printing section  2  according to the request of the user. Although the print format management section  13   a  is constituted by the file operation section  13  in  FIG. 9 , it is needless to say that the print format management section  13   a  can be provided separately from and independently of the file operation section  13 . 
       (Description of the Operation) 
       [0069]    Hereinafter, reference will be made, as one example of the operation of the third embodiment, to the case where the user issues a print request from a PC application through a printer driver so that a file of a print format is printed on paper by the image printing section  2 , and at the same time held by the print format management section  13   a.    
         [0070]    If a request for reprinting will be made from the user at a later time, a pertinent file can be selected from among files of print formats held by the print format management section  13   a  so that it can be printed on paper by the image printing section  2 . Information such as a situation (hereinafter referred to as context information) upon issuance of a print request from an application is usually discarded when an image data or the like is sent to the image printing section  2 , and it is not often managed even by a print format holding module such as the print format management section  13   a , etc. Also, a part of the context information is acquired even by a printer driver or the like, but it is still discarded and is not managed in many cases. Thus, a flow chart of  FIG. 10  illustrates the case where a document file for which a print request is made by an application is converted into a print format, and context information acquired by the application or a printer driver is collected as metadata, so that the metadata thus collected is embedded into a document instance managed by the print format management section  13   a.    
         [0071]    In  FIG. 10 , the user instructs that an application document operated or manipulated by a PC application  20  is printed by the image printing section  2 . At this time, the user can give an instruction that image data for the document to be printed should be held at the same time by the print format management section  13   a  as image data of a print format, so that it is possible for the user to instruct the reprinting of a pertinent document in an easy manner. 
         [0072]    Based on the timing of the above user&#39;s operation, the process of writing the metadata into a print format file is started step S 3 - 1 ). First of all, the document operation management section  11  detects that the user has instructed the printing of the application document with respect to the image printing section  2  (step S 3 - 2 ). In addition, the document operation management section  11  determines from the content of the instruction at this time whether the image data is held and managed by the print format management section  13   a  as the image data of the print format or is only printed on paper simply by the image printing section  2  (step S 3 - 3 ). In this case, when it is instructed that the image data is managed by the print format management section  13   a , the metadata collection section  12  starts collecting the metadata concerning this print instruction. 
         [0073]    The metadata collection section  12  collects, as context information on the application at this time, the name of the application, the path name in the file system where the application document is saved or stored, and so on. Moreover, information on the name of a personal computer on which the PC application  20  operates (e.g., the name of a machine managed on an OS in the case of Windows), its network IP address and so on is further collected from the printer driver. These pieces of information can be intentionally collected by the metadata collection section  12  or can be described in a print job description language (PostScript, PCL, etc.) that is sent to the image printing section  2  according to the print instruction. The metadata collection section  12  collects, as metadata, context information that can be acquired in accordance with these situations (step S 3 - 4 ). 
         [0074]    The image printing section  2  creates image data of a print format that can be printed by itself, by analyzing the print job description language that has been sent thereto (step S 3 - 5 ). The print format management section  13   a  writes or describes the metadata collected by the metadata collection section  12  into the file of the printable format, and manages the document instance therein (step S 3 - 6 ). The image printing section  2  performs printing by using the image data of the print format (step S 3 - 7 ), and then terminates the processing (step S 3 - 8 ). 
         [0075]    In this example, reference has been made to the case where an instruction to manage the image data of the print format by the print format management section  13   a  is provided along with a print instruction given to the image printing section  2 , but in some cases, the user can give an instruction that the image data of the print format is simply managed by the print format management section  13   a , without performing printing in the image printing section  2 . On the other hand, there are cases where input image data can be converted into a printable format, held and managed by the print format management section  13   a , that is, the image data read by the image reading section  1  (including the purpose of copying the document, etc.) is managed in a print format by the print format management section  13   a , or the image data received by the image communication section  3  is managed in a print format by the print format management section  13   a . In these cases, the metadata collected by the metadata collection section  12  become those which are shown in the first or second embodiment, and they are described and embedded into the document instance. 
         [0076]    The document instance created in this manner is illustrated in  FIG. 11 . For example, by monitoring an environment (the desktop of an OS, etc.) in which the user controls the PC application  20 , the document operation management section  11  detects that a print instruction has been given by a pertinent application. Then, the metadata collection section  12  collects as metadata the name of the pertinent application (it can be registered in advance, or it can be extracted from the name attached to a window on the desktop of the OS). 
       Embodiment 4 
       [0077]      FIG. 12  is a functional block diagram that illustrates a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In a document information processing apparatus  100 D according to the fourth embodiment, provision is made for a processing section  15  in addition to the functional blocks of the second embodiment shown in  FIG. 6 . This processing section  15  is constructed to include an operation instruction section (destination location instruction section)  16  that instructs the destination location of the document object, and an operation response processing section (save processing section)  17  that performs save processing as a response based on an instruction from the operation instruction section  16 . Here, note that the operation instruction section  16  can be constituted by a software module that provides instructions for more detailed operations based on the metadata added by the operation to the document. Also, the operation response processing section  17  can be constituted by a software module that acquires information on the location or arrangement of the document instance (e.g., a folder path on the file system, the name of a cabinet in which the document instance is kept or stored on the document management system, etc.) from among the instructions for the operations or manipulations to the document, and determines or identifies information on the destination of location or arrangement of the document instance (e.g., the size of remaining area in which the document instance can be saved or stored, compressed format or not, the presence or absence of limitations such as an access right, etc.). 
       (Description of the Operation) 
       [0078]    Hereinafter, reference will be made, as one example of the operation of the fourth embodiment, to the case where though only a relatively simple instruction, “scan and classify”, is given as an operation of the document, the operation instruction section  16  instructs a detailed operation of identifying or determining the destination of location or arrangement of the document instance, and automatically placing or arranging the document instance there by analyzing the image of the document by means of the image analysis section  14  or the like, and an access right for each user is set in the area of the destination location by means of the operation response processing section  17 , so that the document instance can be placed or arranged only when saving thereof is authenticated, which referring to a flow chart of  FIG. 13 . 
         [0079]    Here, it is assumed that in the image reading section  1 , the user has issued an instruction to the effect “The document is scanned and the document instance is automatically classified from its content”, and that the document operation management section  11  grasps that such an operation is being carried out. The operations from the start of the processing (step S 4 - 1 ) to steps S 1 - 2  through S 1 - 8  being initially carried out as well as those from step S 2 - 1  to step S 2 - 3  are the same as those in the first embodiment and in the second embodiment, respectively, and hence an explanation thereof is omitted here. 
         [0080]    In step S 4 - 2 , the document operation management section  11  grasps that the above operation of the user is for “automatic classification”, and hence it gives an instruction to the operation instruction section  16  so as to make use of the character string of the [title] obtained through analysis. 
         [0081]    The operation instruction section  16  determines the destination of location or arrangement of the document instance (e.g., “patent folder”) according to the character string “Patent Proposal” that is the value of the metadata already collected as a [title] (step S 4 - 3 ). When there exists no appropriate destination of location that matches this character string (step S 4 - 4 ), the operation response processing section  17  places or put the document instance into a destination location set by default (e.g., a place or location such as a miscellaneous folder into which the document instance is put when no appropriate destination has been found because there was no match, or authentication was unable to be made, or other like reasons (step S 4 - 9 ). 
         [0082]    The operation response processing section  17  acquires information with respect to the destination of location determined by the operation instruction section  16 . Here, it is determined whether an access right is set to the “patent folder” (step S 4 - 5 ). If not set, the pertinent document instance is placed or put into the “patent folder” as it is, whereas if the access right is set, the operation response processing section  17  attempts to perform authentication by using the metadata, the [creator] and the “creator password”, which have already been collected (step S 4 - 6 ). When the authentication is successful (step S 4 - 7 ), it is determined that access can be made to the destination of location, so the document instance is placed or put there (step S 4 - 8 ). In this case, the document instance and the destination location are conceptually shown in  FIG. 14 . 
         [0083]    When the authentication fails, however, the document instance is put into the default “miscellaneous folder” (step S 4 - 9 ). If “classification” need not be done at all in step S 4 - 2 , the document instance is put into the default “miscellaneous folder”. 
         [0084]    In the above cases, the operation instruction section  16  may use the character string of “Patent Proposal”, the value of the metadata on the memory, which is acquired by the image analysis section  14  or the metadata collection section  12  for its processing. In addition, in cases where what has once been substantiated or made into a document instance, provision may be made for a metadata extraction section  16   a  in the operation instruction section, for example, as shown by the dotted line in  FIG. 12 , so that the content of the metadata described in the document instance can be extracted so as to acquire and use a character string which is the value of the content. 
         [0085]    In the latter case, it is possible to perform more detailed operations (classification, setting of the compression ratio, changing of the typography or print appearance, etc.) on the entire document instance as a process separate from the processing that scans and classifies the document by means of the image reading section  1  as mentioned above. 
         [0086]    The document instance thus created and the destination of location thereof are illustrated in  FIG. 15 . For example, even if it is determined that a document with a [title] recognized as “Equipment Application” is to be placed into an “equipment folder”, the authentication for access will not actually be passed against that folder with the use of a user name “XXX Taro” and a password “pass”, so this document instance is put into the “miscellaneous folder”. 
       Embodiment 5 
       [0087]    Hereinafter, reference will be made, as a fifth embodiment of the present invention, to one exemplary case where created document instances are managed and made use of for a certain purpose (here, the purpose of “searching for those which meet a certain condition from among the document instances”), and they can also be used in a plurality of apparatuses and a plurality of systems being operated. The fifth embodiment describes one example of services in a document instance management section that manages the instances of the documents. Though in the document instance management section, the document instances are managed so as to provide services such as their search, categorization, recommendation and the like to users, reference will be made herein to the case where a search is made for a document by means of the document management section, particularly using predetermined metadata. 
         [0088]      FIG. 16  is a functional block diagram that illustrates a fifth embodiment of the present invention. A document information processing apparatus  100 E according to the fifth embodiment includes, in addition to the configuration shown in the first embodiment of  FIG. 3 , a document instance management section  18 , a metadata extraction and analysis section (metadata extraction and processing section)  19  having functions in the form of a metadata extraction section and a processing section, an external communication section  21 , and a search frequency management section  22  that manages the frequency of searches. The file operation section  13  is constructed so as to write or describe the search frequency managed by the search frequency management section  22  into the metadata extracted by the metadata extraction and analysis section. 
         [0089]    The metadata extraction and analysis section  19  can be constituted by a software module that extracts pieces of metadata and their values by reading from a document instance the metadata embedded therein and analyzing their contents. 
         [0090]    Here, note that the document instance management section  18  can also be constituted by a software module that manages operations such as searching, editing, copying, deletion, etc., with respect to the document instance having the metadata embedded and described therein. 
         [0091]    Next, reference will be made to the operation of the fifth embodiment of the present invention while using a flow chart shown in  FIG. 17 . 
         [0092]    First, the user starts the operation of this embodiment by instructing a search for document instances with a [creator] of “XXX Taro” to the document instance management section  18  (step S 5 - 1 ), and the document instance management section  18  receives the request of the user (step S 5 - 2 ). Here, it is assumed that the value, “XXX Taro”, of a piece of metadata [creator] is internally described in a document instance as a search object of low priority. The priority of such a search object is determined, for example, in accordance with the frequency at which the object is searched for. In this document information processing apparatus  100 E, searches are frequently made for [title] and [creation application], but not for [creator]. Also, with respect to [creator], searches are frequently made for “XXX Hanako”, but for “XXX Taro”. In such a case, when pieces of metadata are written or described into the document instances by the search frequency management section  22 , metadata with low frequencies are decided to be low in priority at the time of searching, and are described accordingly. 
         [0093]    The metadata extraction and analysis section  19  reads metadata of higher priority and extracts their values (step S 5 - 3 ), and makes comparisons therebetween so as to find anyone that matches the designated value, “XXX Taro” (step S 5 - 4 ). Here, the metadata in the form of “XXX Taro” is set to a low frequency and is accordingly described, so no match is made to this metadata in searches for metadata of high priority (step S 5 - 4 , No). Accordingly, the metadata extraction and analysis section  19  further reads metadata of lower priority and extracts their values (step S 5 - 5 ). Here, the document instance management section  18  may notify to the user that no match has been made to the metadata of high priority, and inquire the user as to whether search is further made for metadata of lower priority. When there is any document instance with its metadata of lower priority being in match with “XXX Taro”, the document instance management section  18  notifies the user that a pertinent document has been found (step S 5 - 6 , Yes), and presents the user with the location or the like at which the document instance is managed, so as to enable the user to access the document instance (step S 5 - 10 ). 
         [0094]    If no matched document instance has been searched for here in this apparatus and system, the metadata extraction and analysis section  19  can further search other apparatuses and systems by using the external communication section  21  (step S 5 - 7 ). For instance, this can be done as follows. That is, an interface for such searches is provided as a Web service for each of the apparatuses and systems, so that the user can request a search to another apparatus and system through the external communication section  21  by making use of such an interface, and obtain the searched result. Here, the document instance management section  18  may notify the user that no match has been made to the metadata of document instances on the pertinent apparatus and system, and inquire the user as to whether to further search the metadata of document instances on other apparatuses and systems. 
         [0095]    On the other hand, if no matched document has been found step S 5 - 8 , No), the document instance management section  18  notifies the user that there exists no document with its creator, “XXX Taro”, wanted by the user on the pertinent apparatus and system or on the apparatuses and systems which can be accessed by the user through the external communication section  21  (step S 5 - 9 ), and terminates the processing (step S 5 - 11 ). 
       Embodiment 6 
       [0096]      FIG. 18  is a functional block diagram that illustrates a sixth embodiment of the present invention. In a document information processing apparatus  100 F according to the sixth embodiment, provision is made for a component element management section  23  corresponding to an identification section of the present invention, in addition to the functional blocks of the first embodiment shown in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0097]    The component element management section  23  can be constituted by a software module that identifies and grasps individual elements (pages, paragraphs, character areas, diagram areas, etc.) constructing the contents of a document (page images, etc., for the entire document), and individually manages them. The functions as set forth in the first embodiment can be achieved by component elements, respectively, by identifying the contents for the component elements, respectively. For example, with respect to a certain diagram “System Figure A” of a scanned document “Patent Proposal”, it is possible to set the [creator], [creator password] and [creation date and time] thereof. That is, these pieces of data can be possessed as metadata for a component element “System Figure A Image Reading Apparatus” thereof, so that when the Figure is copied and pasted as “System Figure B” to another document “Design Specification “by means of some application, these pieces of metadata and their values can be set to a pertinent component element “System Figure B” of the document” Design Specification”. As a result, it becomes possible to decide that the diagram “System Figure B” existing in the “Design Specification” is the one scanned from the original at the date and time “2004/6/19, 14:30:10” by the person “XXX Taro”. Similarly, what has been stated in the third and fourth embodiments can also be achieved by component elements, respectively. 
         [0098]    The document instances created in this manner are illustrated in  FIG. 19 . Although documents B- 1 , F- 1  copied to the destination location are mutually different from each other in terms of the metadata values of [creator], [creator password], [creation date and time] and [title], the metadata given to the previous component elements are saved or stored for the component elements copied. 
       Embodiment 7 
       [0099]    A seventh embodiment of the present invention describes an example in which from once acquired metadata (temporary metadata), there is obtained secondary metadata relevant thereto, which is then written or described into a file as metadata. 
         [0100]      FIG. 20  is a functional block diagram that illustrates the details of a metadata acquisition section in a document information processing apparatus according to the seventh embodiment. In the seventh embodiment, the configuration thereof other than the metadata acquisition section can be the same configuration as any of the configurations shown in the first through sixth embodiments, and hence an explanation there is omitted here. 
         [0101]    This metadata acquisition section  12 A includes a primary metadata acquisition section  121  that corresponds to the metadata acquisition section explained in the first through sixth embodiments and serves to acquire primary metadata, and a secondary metadata acquisition section  122  that serves to acquire secondary metadata by using the primary metadata. The secondary metadata acquisition section  122  includes a secondary metadata extraction section  123 , a grounds management section  124  and a grounds setting section  125 . 
         [0102]    This secondary metadata acquisition section  122  determines and acquires new metadata based on a single piece of metadata or a plurality of pieces of metadata collected by the operation or manipulation of a document (e.g., a [creation event] such as a conference is identified from the [creator] and the [creation date and time]). The secondary metadata extraction section  123  extracts the secondary metadata based on information from an external information management section  126  and the rule provided from the grounds management section  124 . The grounds management section  124  manages grounds of a determination (e.g., the rule stored in a file or a data base) made when the secondary metadata is acquired by the secondary metadata acquisition section  122 . The grounds setting section  125  sets the addition, deletion, editing and the like of the determination grounds managed by the grounds management section  124 . Each of these sections can be constituted by a software module for example. 
       (Description of the Operation) 
       [0103]    Hereinafter, reference will be made, as one example of the operation of the seventh embodiment, to the case where when a document read by a scanner is converted into a document file, a corresponding event (conference, here) is determined from the name of a user who logged in the image reading section  1  so as to read the document, the date and time at which the operation was carried out, and schedule information (the schedule on a date and time is found from a calendar and a timetable) managed by an external scheduler, etc., while using a flow chart of  FIG. 21 . 
         [0104]    Here, note that in the operation of  FIG. 21 , step S 1 - 2  through step S 1 - 8  are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in  FIG. 4 , and hence an explanation thereof is omitted here. The secondary metadata extraction section  123  acquires a set of metadata that have been obtained by the metadata collection section  12 , and starts the processing of determining whether any secondary metadata can be acquired based on the set of metadata thus obtained (step S 6 - 1 ). When such a determination is made, the secondary metadata extraction section  123  sends an inquiry to the grounds management section  124  along with the set of metadata (step S 6 - 2 ). Here, note that the grounds management section  124  has a rule that schedule information relevant to a document can be acquired by making an inquiry to an external scheduler while using as keys the values of the metadata of the [creator] and the [creation date and time] of the document, and makes a determination as to whether such a rule has been able to be found (or whether such a rule can be applied) (step S 6 - 3 ). 
         [0105]    When any applicable rule has not been found (step S 6 - 3 , No), it is determined that no secondary metadata can be acquired, so the instance of the document is created based on the metadata acquired by the primary metadata acquisition section (the metadata collection section  12  in  FIG. 3 ) (step S 1 - 9 ), and then the processing is terminated (step S 6 - 7 ). On the other hand, when an applicable rule has been found (step S 6 - 3 , Yes), the secondary metadata extraction section  123  makes an inquiry to an external scheduler or the like which has schedule information in accordance with the applicable rule (step S 6 - 4 ). When there exist schedule information corresponding to the values of the metadata (step S 6 - 5 , Yes), the schedule information is acquired and kept or stored as secondary metadata called an [event] (step S 6 - 6 ), whereas when there exists no corresponding schedule information (step S 6 - 5 , No), no secondary metadata is set and the processing is terminated (step S 6 - 7 ). 
         [0106]    The document instance created in this manner is illustrated in  FIG. 22 . Here, the schedule information, “A patent review meeting in the first six months of the term of 2004 will be held from 13:00 to 14:30 of 2004/6/19.”, has been managed by the scheduler of Mr. “XXX Taro”. Accordingly, the secondary metadata extraction section  123  acquires this schedule information as an event relevant to this document, set the value of the event as “patent review meeting in the first six months of the term of 2004”, and embeds this value into the document instance. 
       Embodiment 8 
       [0107]      FIG. 23  is a functional block diagram that illustrates an eighth embodiment of the present invention. In a document information processing apparatus  100 G according to an eighth embodiment, reference will be made to the case where provision is made for a component management section  23  and an already-described or existing metadata extraction section  31 , in addition to the functional blocks of the first embodiment shown in  FIG. 3 , and the component management section  23 , the already-described metadata extraction section  31  and the metadata collection section  12  together constitute a multistage management section that is able to manage metadata in a multistage manner. 
         [0108]    This multistage management section serves to manage the metadata in a multistage manner in accordance with the change of a document instance, and is constituted by a software module for example. 
         [0109]    Next, reference will be made to the operation of the eighth embodiment of the present invention while using a flow chart shown in  FIG. 24 . As described in the sixth embodiment, when a component element (page or diagram) of a document is operated or manipulated, the metadata in the unit of the document instance can be succeeded even with each component unit of the document, but the component element need to succeed the metadata in the unit of each document instance for new document instances. Therefore, these pieces of metadata are managed in a multistage manner by the multistage management section, so that the traceability to the original document and the search in the existing metadata can be satisfied at the same time. 
         [0110]    In  FIG. 24 , a multistage management is started based on an operation or manipulation of the document (step S 8 - 1 ). The component management section  23  determines or identifies respective component elements, and the already-described metadata extraction section  31  determines whether there is any already-described metadata in each component element (step S 8 - 2 ). When it is determined that there is some already-described metadata, the already-described metadata extraction section  31  extracts the already-described metadata, and provides it to the metadata collection section  12  by associating it with the respective component elements. The metadata collection section  12  keeps a new metadata description area rearwardly of an already-described metadata description portion, attaches the metadata (new metadata) obtained by a new operation or manipulation to the new metadata description area, and provides the entire metadata thus formed to the file operation section  13 . 
         [0111]    The document instance created in this manner is illustrated in  FIG. 25 . In  FIG. 25 , a document at the location of destination into which a component element is copied is different from the component element copied in the values of metadata of their [creators], [creator passwords], [creation dates and times] and [titles], and hence the metadata given to a current component element is held or stored as a different version V 2  separate from the component element copied there. 
         [0112]    Although in the above-mentioned embodiments, reference has been made to the case where the functions to execute programs shown in the respective flowcharts are recorded in each apparatus beforehand, the present invention is not limited to this but similar functions or programs can be downloaded into the device or system via a network. Alternatively, a computer-readable recording medium storing therein similar functions or programs can be installed in the apparatus or system. In this regard, note that the recording medium can be of any form, such as for example a ROM, which is able to store programs and which is able to be read out by the apparatus. In addition, the functions to be obtained by such preinstallation or downloading can be achieved through cooperation with an OS (operating system) or the like in the interior of the apparatus. 
         [0113]    As described above, according to this embodiment, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of mismatches in the management by collecting metadata in accordance with operation timing such as the inputting, outputting, editing or the like of a document, and by adding the metadata to the instance of the document itself. In addition, by collecting metadata in accordance with the contents of the document, and by adding the metadata to the instance of the document itself, search and classification can be easily carried out from the contents of the instance of the document in an automatic fashion.