Abstract:
A plurality of telecommunication traffic providers are connected to supply information about the current utilization of their networks to a dedicated network element to which is also connected a plurality of potential buyers of traffic capacity. The dedicated network element includes local and wide area data networks over which information about the existence of available network capacity among the providers is communicated to an administration center. The administration center makes that information available via the data network to the participating potential buyers and, thereafter, brokers the sale of the available telecommunication capacity from providers to buyers. It also monitors and assures that the buyers receive the benefit of their purchased capacity and the terms under which their sales were made.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to telecommunications networks, and more particularly, to the analysis of traffic carrying capacity within telecommunications networks and the marketing of that capacity to communications users that need it. 
     2. History of the Related Art 
     Telephone instruments and other communications devices located in the same geographic area are conventionally connected to one another by means of switching equipment referred to as an exchange. Communications between telephone/data instruments located in geographic areas separated from one another and connected to different exchanges communicate with another by means of complex interconnections on both local exchanges and trunk exchanges linked together into a telecommunications network. Networks may take the form of a grouping of interconnected network elements, such as local exchanges, trunking exchanges, mobile radio exchanges, long distance exchanges, and combinations thereof. At each network level, traffic from one network element, such as an exchange, to another can take various routes through different exchanges. 
     Efficient network traffic management of the communications facilities within the network requires that a sufficient number of circuits are available to handle the traffic requirements to each destination without exaggerated congestion on last-choice routes. As a general rule, it also requires that the network congestion is as even as possible on all last-choice routes and that there not be any undue excess capacity within the circuits of the routes which are actually provided in order to assure efficient utilization of resources. In addition, the telephone administration which operates the network has a limited budget and must get as much efficiency as possible out of the existing resources in each network. 
     Despite attempts to balance network loading in a network, traffic patterns within the network can vary over a period of weeks or months when, for example, new hotels or new customers providing database services are added to an exchange forming part of the network. Similarly, traffic patterns usually vary over a period of days, for example, when an international sporting event lasting several days is held in a particular geographic area within the network. In addition, traffic patterns in a network commonly change in a cyclic pattern over 24 hours, since traffic increases during certain hours of the business day and decreases to virtually zero during certain hours of the night and early morning. Thus, given the network dimensioning necessary to handle the busy period loading of a network, it should be possible to more efficiently capitalize upon an operator&#39;s investment in that network by utilizing it for other revenue generating services which require traffic capacity during its non-busy periods, e.g., the delivery of video on demand within the network market area during the evening and early morning hours. 
     Various systems have been employed to balance and adjust the traffic loading and congestion within telecommunications networks. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,359,649 issued Oct. 25, 1994, to Rosu, et. al. and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, and which is hereby incorporated by reference herein, a system is provided for optimizing the traffic carrying capacity of a network having a plurality of elements and a plurality of routes connecting those elements to one another. 
     In this system, congestion in a network is controlled by identifying and limiting defective devices and routes within the network which have exaggerated level of congestion. Disturbance alarm levels are adjusted within the network to allow increased traffic through it and the traffic is reconfigured in real time in response to the occurrence of network events in order to optimize the traffic carrying capacity of the network. 
     Despite such congestion balancing techniques, the available traffic carrying capacity on a network is always changing. Frequently substantial excess traffic carrying capacity within the network, which represents a very large investment on the part of the network operator, goes completely unused. Since a network operator&#39;s need for utilization of existing capacity within his network is continuously fluctuating due to unpredictable growth and contraction in the number of customers utilizing the network and the types of services rendered through the network it is difficult to precisely anticipate excess capacity. Additionally, the operator&#39;s need for traffic capacity fluctuates through the busy hours of everyday, as well as each week due, to work week/weekend patterns and throughout the months of the year due to vacation and holiday occurrences. This excess traffic carrying capacity could be made available by the operator to other operators who might require additional traffic carrying capacity at the same time another operator has that capacity available. 
     However, in order to make possible the identification and marketing of excess network traffic capacity, it would be necessary to provide a system for compiling and uniformly presenting available traffic capacity data to interested buyers in a totally operator independent fashion. In addition, such an approach in the handling of excess traffic carrying capacity would require a dedicated network to organize available capacity data and forward this data to a marketplace to implement a system of brokerage in such capacity. While most available switching systems in use today provide for monitoring, balancing and controlling network traffic using network traffic management systems and techniques such as that disclosed in the &#39;649 patent, they are unable to provide the kind of available capacity data necessary for the marketing of that capacity to interested buyers. 
     Certain systems are available for inventorying the existence c)f unused traffic capacity by means of switch and network audits, however, such systems are purely long-term in nature in that they require several months for an implementation cycle. Additionally, other systems, such as those discussed in the &#39;649 patent, are able to implement network performance review on more of a closed circuit real time basis; however, each such system is generally vendor specific and dedicated to monitoring of capacity within a single operator rather than the collection of data from various networks in an operator independent fashion in order to market available traffic handling capacity. 
     Systems have been developed for the electronic maintenance of databases containing product inventories from various vendors with the capability to search those databases based upon price, vendor, product specifications and/or availability. For example, see U. S. Pat. No. 4,992,940 to Dworkin. However, providing the ability for a single user to perform a computer search of a database for the purchase of a discrete product or service is a far cry from the real-time marketing of such an ephemeral commodity as network traffic capacity. Such capacity is constantly fluctuating and there are not only many vendors but also many potential buyers each of whom is competing with the others for the same capacity. 
     Another aspect of the potential marketing of excess traffic carrying capacity is that once that capacity is sold to a user, there must be a means for monitoring the continued availability of the capacity and ensuring that the buyer obtains what he has bargained for, by continuously supervising the available capacity in real time. 
     Part of a practical excess traffic capacity assessment marketing and assurance system would include the provision of a traffic capacity trading data set and forms for reporting such capacity for sale to potential buyers. Thus, there exists a need for a method and system for implementing such techniques and procedures for monitoring, assessing, and presenting excess traffic carrying capacity to potential buyers and then assuring that such a buyer receives the benefit of the capacity contracted for. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a dedicated overlay network for the monitoring and reporting of traffic, switching and signaling capacity within a network to enable potential buyers to obtain the benefit of excess capacity within the network. The invention includes a vendor independent network element positioned within the network for assessment, compilation, and unitary presentation of excess traffic capacity for sale to potential buyers. 
     In one aspect, the system of the present invention optimizes the utilization of network traffic carrying capacity by communicating information related to traffic capacity on various routes within said network to a dedicated network element. A plurality of network traffic capacity providers are connected to the dedicated network for making available to network element traffic carrying capacity on idle routes within their respective network elements. A plurality of traffic capacity users are also connected to the dedicated network element for utilizing available traffic carrying capacity within the traffic carrying network elements of the providers. A traffic capacity and brokerage administration center is connected to the dedicated network element for gathering data regarding the availability of traffic carrying capacity within the traffic carrying network elements of the providers, formatting those data in a usable form and presenting it to said traffic capacity users for possible purchase. Available traffic routes are interconnected from providers to purchasing users in response to purchase of traffic carrying capacity by a user. 
     In a further aspect, the present invention includes optimizing the utilization of available traffic carrying routes within a network by gathering information related to available traffic carrying capacity on various routes within the network elements of traffic capacity providers within the network. The gathered information related to available traffic carrying capacity is organized and formatted and furnished to a plurality of traffic capacity users. The purchase of available traffic carrying capacity by one or more of the users is brokered and the delivery of access to the purchased traffic carrying capacity of providers by said purchaser user(s) is arranged. Additionally, the availability of traffic carrying capacity purchased by a user may be monitored to ensure that the purchased capacity is received. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     For an understanding of the present invention and for further objects and advantages thereof, reference can now be had to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary network consisting of multiple nodes, each of which are under control of the network control system; 
     FIG. 2 is an illustrative diagram of hierarchical telecommunication networks; 
     FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an automatic network congestion control system; 
     FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an automatic network congestion control system; 
     FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a dedicated overlay network for reporting of traffic capacity in accordance with the system of the present invention; 
     FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an implementation of a traffic capacity and brokerage administration center described in FIG. 5; 
     FIG. 7 is a pictorial diagram showing one format for the presentation of data regarding available traffic carrying capacity; 
     FIG. 8 is a pictorial diagram showing an alternative format for the presentation of data regarding available traffic carrying capacity; 
     FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a daily traffic profile of a network element as a function of time which may be prepared and used in the present invention; 
     FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a traffic prediction chart which may be prepared and used in the present invention. 
     FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating a procedure which may be used in the present invention within a network element or network management center; 
     FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating a procedure which may be used in the present invention to prepare a capacity reporting data set; and 
     FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating a procedure which may be used in the present invention in the handling of a capacity trading data set. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown an illustrative schematic diagram of a telecommunications network including a plurality of local exchanges  21 - 26 , each of which have a plurality of local subscribers connected thereto and represented by telephone instruments. Two of the local exchanges  21  and  24  are represented as having remote subscriber multiplex stages  28  and  29  associated therewith which, in turn, have local customers  27  connected thereto. The network of FIG. 1 also includes a plurality of trunking exchanges  31 - 34  which serve primarily to interconnect various local exchanges with one another and to provide routes between various parts of the network. Trunk exchange  31  is shown connected to a mobile exchange  35  which includes a pair of illustrative base stations  36  and  37  servicing a plurality of mobile radio telephone subscribers represented at  38 . In addition, other telecommunication services, such as databases and intelligent networks, may also be connected to various ones of the exchanges shown. Between each of the exchanges  21 - 35  of the network, there is shown a plurality of communications paths  30 , each of which may comprise a plurality of communications circuits, including cables, optical links, or radio links for carrying voice and/or data communications between the various exchanges within the network. 
     The network of FIG. 1 also includes a network control system  40 , which is connected to each of the exchanges  21 - 35  within the network by means of communication links  41  (represented by dotted lines) for the transmission of control signals to each exchange and for the reception of traffic data from each exchange. The network control system  40  includes a subsystem for continuously monitoring the traffic on each of the available routes within the network and issues commands to dynamically reconfigure the communication paths within the various traffic routes of the network, as well as to control the alarm system within the exchanges of the network in order to fine tune the congestion conditions within the network. 
     Referring next to FIG. 2, there is shown an illustrative diagram of a hierarchical implementation of a network traffic control system. A first plane  101  represents the local network comprising a plurality of local exchanges, such as  102   a-   102   c,    103   a-   103   c,  and  104   a-   104   c,  each group of which could represent local exchanges within a single geographic area code. For example, local exchanges  102   a-   102   c  could be within the New York area code of  212 ; exchanges  103   a-   103   c  could be within the Washington D.C. area code of  202 ; and exchanges  104   a-   104   c  could be local exchanges within the Dallas area code of  214 . The second plane  105  represents a regional network level and could include traffic transit exchanges  106 - 110 , each of which might be located in a separate geographic region and be connected to the different local exchanges to provide interconnection routes between them. Finally, the third plane  111  represents a national network level and could include international transit exchanges  112 - 115 , which might be located in various geographic locations and connected to couple the various regional transit exchanges  106 - 110  to international transit exchanges located in different countries of the world. 
     The network control systems  121 - 123  might be associated respectively with each of the local network exchanges  102   a - 102   c ,  103   a-   103   c,  and  104   a-   104   c,  respectively, for monitoring the traffic: and controlling the configuration of those local networks. Similarly, the network control systems  124 - 125  might be associated with regional transit exchanges  106 - 107  and  108 - 110 , respectively, to monitor traffic and control congestion of the networks on those levels. The network control system  126  is associated with the national network level transit exchanges  112 - 115  to monitor their traffic and control the network congestion on that level. Network congestion control requires monitoring the traffic and congestion levels at each of the network nodes forming the network. Thus, each node represents a point of data collection with respect to both congestion and available traffic carrying capacity within the routes of the network useful in implementation of the system of the present invention. It can be seen by the example of FIG. 2 that monitoring of available traffic carrying capacity can be implemented in accordance with the system of the present invention at various levels in a network and in various combinations within each of a plurality of different levels on the network. 
     Referring next to FIG. 3, there is shown a block diagram of an automated system for reconfiguring exchanges and their interconnections with the network which incorporate systems and operations used in the present invention. A network of exchanges  151  is connected through a network management system  152  via an interface module  153  to a network redimensioning module  154 . The network redimensioning module  154  is connected to a clock module  155 , a network simulator module for hypothetical study of network reactions  156 , a database  157 , and a network operation module  158 . The network simulator module  156  is coupled to both the terminal  161  for the input and output of data and to a memory  162  for the storage of data used by the network simulator module. The database  157  also includes a history data module  163 . The network operation module  158  similarly includes a terminal  164  for the input and output of data and a memory  165  for the storage of data. 
     The network operation module  158  handles the operation and maintenance menus for the switch reliability review and network reliability review methods of the network maintenance systems. Most modern SPC telephone exchanges, such as the Ericsson AXE-10, an earlier version of which is disclosed in the article of Mats Eklund, et. al., entitled “AXE10—System Description,” published in  Ericsson Review,  No. 2, 1976, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference, includes software functions for the measurement, recording, and output of a wide variety of traffic and fault related data. These measurements and output are discussed in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,359,694. 
     The network redimensioning module  154  is based upon the standard ductwork, route dimensioning optimization programs used in convention SPC exchanges, such as the “LUNA” program used in the AXE exchanges, to decide upon and specify the number and configuration of circuits and routes based upon traffic performance referred to above. These programs are normally loaded with anticipated traffic data such as traffic interest, number of subscribers in traffic load and produce a determination of where it is best to locate proposed new exchanges, the size of such exchanges and the configuration of the routes there between. Records indicating traffic history data, data related to the time of the day and season of the year, are stored within the database  157  to provide information for the network redimensioning module. Overflow of the network is converted to the network management system control function commands for each exchange which enables a soft reconfiguration of the network in the most efficient manner by converting the overflow to commands which limit the originating traffic as close as possible to its origin. Alternatively, if the network is equipped with digital cross-connect (DCC), a new connection may be established between the overloaded sources and destinations. 
     The network simulation module  156  enables the testing and evaluation of real time measures to bring technical help, including selection of the most suitable real time measures for each exchange. For example, if call gap restrictions are to be used before the restrictions of accessible outgoing circuits, those conditions may be simulated in this module  156 , which also permits evaluation of the efficiency of the recommended network management functions. The network simulation module  156  further allows an event network hypothetical or “what if” simulation according to situations described in an off-line scenario for such exchange. It allows a simulation of the switch parameter function results, for example, between the origination and destination. In addition, it allows the saving of results of a simulated scenario in the creation of a file for a simulated scenario, as well as the transfer of the redimensioning program into network redimensioning module  154 . The network simulation module  156  works interactively with the network redimensioning module  154  to present the traffic results and consequences of the simulated event. It also allows a simulation of the next event and adds the results to the file in a real time network management situation to simulate the results of the measures proposed for the actual actuation of those commands. The system of FIG. 3 allows the automated implementation of a switch reliability review and network reliability review based upon network route congestion procedures as well as a highly sophisticated system for optimizing network circuit utilization prior to the production of traffic statistics regarding excess capacity use in implementing the system of the present invention. 
     Referring next to FIG. 4, there is shown a block diagram of another embodiment of an automated system for reconfiguring the exchanges in their interconnections within the network in order to implement automatic real time reconfiguration thereof and which also includes certain components and elements, the outputs of which may be used in the system of the present invention. Network  301  includes exchanges  302 ,  303 , and  304  which are interconnected with one another by means of routes  305 ,  306 , and  307 . The exchanges  302 - 304  of the network  301  are connected to a network management and control system  310  through an interface module  311 . The interface module  311  serves to couple to the network and operation and maintenance module  312 , a clock module  313 , a command conversion module  314 , and a redimensioning module  315 . Connected to the redimensioning module  315  are several memory modules, one for actual network data  316 , one for network image  317 , and one for historical data  318 . A simulation and training module  321  is also connected to the redimensioning module  315  and includes an input device  322  and a memory  323 . 
     The interface module  311  operates on interrupt principles by assigning different levels of priority to various events, such as, loss of an exchange (highest priority), route alarms, operator intervention, and other network parameters generated by the network management subsystem; for example, answer seizure ratio, percentage of overflow, all circuits busy, etc. The interface module serves not only to couple signals into and out of the network  301 , but also to analyze network alarms and operating conditions and supply information to other parts of the system. 
     The operation and maintenance module  312 , which includes an input terminal  324  and a memory  325 , performs periodic operation and maintenance reviews of the functioning of the network including switch reliability reviews (SRR) and network performance reviews (NPR) which makes it possible to compile various statistics based upon the moment-to-moment congestion within the network and the excess traffic carrying capacity in various parts of the network. This module implements the traffic and technical corrective measures to the network to perform congestion analysis and tuning of the network as well as the production of certain data with regard to excess capacity in routes of the network which can be used in the system of the present invention. The clock module  313  monitors the time parameters related to traffic within the network and includes the capability of changing the various classes and levels of the alarm within the networks as a function of the traffic profile history data. The clock module includes a history database of the traffic profile for each exchange in the network as a function of both the season and time of day. It also includes data on all time based preplanned routing changes. This module directly controls the switches in the network to change the alarm limits based upon time differences within the network. For example, for the time period during which the route from Stockholm to Sydney is in the busy hour mode, the system may increase the importance of the alarm on the route because it enhances economic significance of interruption to those circuits during that period. It also allows reassignment of routes and circuits within the network to take advantage of excess circuit capacity in certain routes during their least occupied periods, and includes the capability of handling the reassignment and policing of excess circuit capacity allocated to others in the course of implementing the system of the present invention. 
     The command conversion module  314  converts the overflow traffic values obtained from the redimensioning module  315  to network management subsystems commands in order to limit the traffic which cannot be carried by the effective exchanges at that particular time. Such overflow traffic, for example, due to loss of an exchange, low answer/seizure ratio or exaggerated increase in traffic interest to a particular destination, will be limited as close as possible to its origin by the command sent from the command conversion module  314 . 
     In determining whether the network has sufficient resources for existing traffic, as well as existing excess capacity for marketing to others who need that capacity, the redimensioning module  315  may make use of existing network optimization programs as discussed above. In order to perform these functions the redimensioning module  315  uses actual network data from memory module  316  within which is stored measured traffic data such as the number of offered calls, the number of lost calls, carried traffic, answer/seizure ratio (ASR), etc. Such data may be in the form of a graphic representation of the actual traffic configuration showing a slope for each of the measured parameters. The redimensioning module  315  also uses information from the network image module  317  which contains data related to the particular configuration, such as the number of exchanges, the number of routes, the size of the routes, the maximum number of subscribers connected to each exchange, the type of signaling in use, destination of routes, etc. The information stored in the history data module  318 , and used by the redimensioning module  315 , relates to the historically normal traffic for that particular region and for particular times of the year and times of the day. 
     The simulation and training module  321  makes it possible to test the system and obtain information about how the network could react under various types of operation conditions and alarms. It enables communication with the redimensioning module  315  in an off-line mode to evaluate the decisions taken in previous scenarios and determine whether there are better solutions which may be implemented in the event the same events occur again. 
     Referring next to FIG. 5, there is shown a block diagram of a system constructed in accordance with one aspect of the present invention for providing a unitary, dedicated overlay network for the assessment and reporting of traffic, switching and signaling capacity within a network environment. The system of FIG. 5 essentially comprises a vendor independent network element for compiling and formulating a unitary presentation of excess traffic capacity for sale to others. A dedicated network for traffic carrying capacity  351  is connected to a traffic capacity and brokerage administration center  352 . The center  352 , which will be described more fully below, essentially monitors and controls the excess traffic capacity within the network and enables the operation of a brokerage operation in which traffic capacity providers  353  are matched with traffic capacity buyers  354 . Capacity providers  353  may illustratively include the various elements and nodes controlled by a network management center (NMC), as well as various individual network elements, serving, for example, public switched telephone network (PSTN) switches  356 , public land mobile network (PLMN) switches  357  as well as other telecommunications switches  358 , such as packet switched public data network (PSPDN) switches, integrated service digital network (ISDN) switches, and circuit switched public data network (CSPDN) switches. Some backbone networks  355  are controlled by NMC&#39;s  359  and some are not. In the event they are, the NMC can report the traffic information for each of the switches which it controls. Both networks and switches which are not under the control of a NMC are individually connected to the brokerage administration center as employed in the present invention. The backbone network  355  shown in FIG. 5, is illustratively under control of a network management center  359 , which is operating to continuously monitor and tune the congestion within various routes of the backbone network  355  and report the traffic condition within each of the switches comprising the network. 
     Each of the traffic capacity providers  353  employ various means for monitoring the availability of traffic carrying capacity within their respective switches and networks and reporting such excess capacity to the traffic capacity brokerage network  351  as discussed above. Each provider, in turn, feeds the information to the traffic capacity and brokerage administration center  352 , which furnishes that information to various traffic capacity buyers on an operator independent basis and enables those traffic capacity buyers  354  to obtain an agreement to provide them with traffic capacity. 
     In FIG. 6, there is shown a more detailed embodiment of a traffic capacity and brokerage administration center implemented through an exemplary local area network (LAN), which interconnects the various elements of the system of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the dedicated network for traffic capacity brokerage  351  is connected to both traffic capacity buyers  354  and traffic capacity sellers  353  to make excess capacity available within the capacity providers networks available to those who need it. A central local area network  361  is used to both compile and present data with respect to available traffic carrying capacity which can be illustratively received from database sub-systems (DBS), statistics and traffic measurement sub-systems (STS), or from operation and maintenance sub-system (OMS) measurement print-out parameters, each of which are operational subsystems forming part of the Ericsson AXE-10 SPC telecommunications system. Similar traffic data gathering and analysis systems are provided by other vendors for their switching systems. 
     The traffic capacity and brokerage administration center of the present invention could also initiate traditional statistics measurements systems, similar to those described in connection with the redimensioning systems discussed above connection with FIGS. 3 and 4 above, which could be used to gather information useful for the marketing of excess traffic capacity. Additionally, the system could include a testing and training module  367  making it possible for parties to verify the correctness of price and availability of traffic capacity in connection with bids, system installation and functionality, brokerage system performance in cases of severe overload of the system and well as various routines and procedures related to trading activity. It also performs testing and training for the operators of both the brokerage system and its participants. 
     Referring to FIG. 6, it can be seen that also connected to the LAN  361  as part of the present system, is a measurement module  362  which includes the capability of initiating measurements and data collection with respect to traffic capacity. This module works in conjunction with the existing systems for monitoring traffic capacity of a network discussed above. A logging module  363  provides the functionality of logging and storage of trading history data to enable the establishment of pricing and other market parameters for network capacity. A vendor independent presentation module  364  enables the presentation of traffic capacity for resale in a totally independent manner, while a vendor dependent presentation module  365  allows a presentation of traffic capacity for resale in a custom configured manner for any selected vendor. An internet module  366  allows access to the local network via internet protocol (IP) access techniques. The testing module  367  provides testing and training of operators of both the system and participants in the market. An arbitrage module  368  makes it possible for an operator to consider whether or not it is more profitable for it to restrain its own traffic capacity or not. For example, if the price of the available capacity is higher than the operator&#39;s own loss from not having the capacity, he may be able to choose to forego the capacity and sell it, thereby increasing his own congestion in favor of a higher profit margin through the marketing of the capacity to others. A statistics and trends module  369  both records present statistics on traffic capacity as well as plots and projects further trends in accordance with standards and techniques. For example, module  369  can monitor and report the number of trade inquires which have been received by the system during a specific period of time (e.g., day/week/month); compile data on specific buyers and sellers during defined periods; track the load placed on the brokerage system itself by various transactions and during various periods; and produce statistics on the demand for capacity over various strains and stretches. Another module  371  includes a separation of cost/profits per stretch and per vendor. 
     Available operator/traffic capacity, time duration and distance dependent data is gathered by the system of the present invention and reported to a marketing facility (similar to a stock exchange) for virtually real time traffic capacity trading. Global telecommunications operators could have available to them the opportunity for buying traffic capacity on a daily basis. Moreover, international events and changes in business cycles would likely lead to price fluctuation and the definition of a true market place in excess traffic capacity. 
     The data gathering procedures set forth and discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,359,649 can be used to identify free unused traffic capacity as well as its time profile and even to guarantee the availability of that traffic capacity for a prescribed period of time. One way in which traffic capacity trading data could be presented by the system of the invention could include a format such as that shown in FIG.  7 . As shown there, element  401  would consist of the bandwidth available in Kbits/s while item  402  would define the endpoints of the particular circuit having capacity available, for example, from New York to Singapore. Item  403  could be an indication as to whether or not the traffic capacity was guaranteed in the event, for example, of a link failure. This would affect the value of the available capacity as to whether or not the offeror of it would be willing to guarantee it against any failure of links by providing alternative routing should that occur. Element  404  is a similar indication of whether or not a guarantee is made as to node failure and thereby affecting the value of the available traffic capacity. Element  405  of the traffic capacity trading data set of FIG. 7 indicates the projected blocking of the available links. Element  406  indicates whether or not the available routes have a provision for overflow traffic which will be permitted to go over another switch or network. Element  407  is the identity of the operator who is the actual seller of the available capacity. Element  408  is the buyer of that particular capacity. In the trading environment for excess traffic capacity, a flag is set at  408  once a contract is entered into between the buyer and seller indicating that this block is no longer available. Elements  409 ,  410 , and  411  provide parts of the total strain. A stretch dependent tag or label is used for separation of cost revenues per each individual operator.  412  indicates for what time period the traffic capacity is sold.  413  indicates the time it typically takes to repair a fault leading to an interruption of service in the event no link or node failure guarantee is included with the block. Stems  414 - 416  indicate if the available capacity being offered is suitable for telephony, facsimile or other types of data traffic and in appropriate cases could be indicated in the form of parts per million (ppm) the number of permitted lost bids out of one million. This also includes the type of signaling used with the strain. 
     FIG. 8 illustrates an alternative and somewhat simplified presentation of available traffic capacity marketing data. Once a buyer purchases a certain capacity, it could then still use compression algorithms and other techniques to expand the bandwidth of the purchased capacity by giving up a certain quality of speech within that traffic. 
     Referring next to FIG. 9, there is shown a graph of a daily traffic profile of a network element as a function of time. The network element may be a route, an exchange or even a transmission link. FIG. 9 illustrates the rise and fall of communications traffic through a network element during a typical business day. As shown in FIG. 9, telephony traffic is very low during the night and early hours of the morning and begins to increase about 8:00 a.m. at beginning of the traditional business day. Thereafter, traffic continues to increase until late morning and then decreases slightly during the noon lunch hour. Thereafter, traffic peaks just after lunch and then steadily decreases until around 6:00 p.m., approximately the end of the typical business day and further decreases to its minimum amounts during the night until the next morning. It can be seen how traffic cycles allow certain portions of a telecommunications network to be virtually unused during certain time periods of the day. Certain amounts of this excess capacity in the network during the non-busy times on that network can be marketed and sold in accordance with the present invention. 
     Referring to FIG. 10, there is shown a graph illustrating one word in which operators attempt to predict the need for traffic capacity within their networks. For example, on occasion  1  the traffic capacity within a network element may assume a certain consistent value  501  and, based upon traffic analysis and reporting systems described above, the operator attempts to predict the traffic capacity which will be acquired in the network element on a second occasion. That capacity may assume a greater value  502  than the initial value  501  or it may decrease to a value  503  less than the initial value  501 . In this way, operators attempt to project the need for traffic capacity within their own network elements and accordingly, could (based upon those predictions) market and sell excess traffic capacity or buy needed traffic capacity in accordance with the present invention. 
     Referring next to FIG. 11, there is shown a flow chart illustrating the steps of procedures followed in one aspect of the present invention. At  510  the system begins and moves to  511  at which it performs capacity measurements on the network element control system to determine the amount of capacity which is presently available for traffic within the network as well as to project the amount of capacity which will be available within the network during specified time periods in the future. At  512  the system determines whether or not the capacity for telecommunications traffic which is available in the network element exceeds its need for utilization of that capacity. If not, the system concludes that it will need all of the traffic capacity which is available within that network element in order to supply its own needs and, thus, since no excess capacity is available for marketing, it moves to  513  and exits the routine. If, however, at  512 , the system concludes that there is excess capacity within the network element, it moves to  514  at which it performs traffic measurements on the different routes of the network element. At  515  the system compiles a traffic profile on the various routes of the network. Such a profile may be similar to that illustrated in FIG.  9 . At  516  the system determines whether or not its capacity exceeds the predicted need and if so, moves to  517  at which it prepares a reporting data set in accordance with the procedures described above in conjunction with FIGS. 5-8. At  518  the surplus capacity is reported to interested potential users for their consideration for trading and/or sale of that capacity from the provider having excess to an interested buyer. If, however, at  516 , the system determines that available capacity does not exceed the predicted need of the network element, it moves to  519  where it determines whether or not within that network element a decision has been made that the predicted needs of the network element will exceed its capacity. Such a decision could be determined in accordance with the predicted need for traffic capacity analysis illustrated in FIG.  10 . If yes, the system exits at  513  and if no, the system moves to  521  and determines whether or not available capacity exists for sale. If there is no capacity to be acquired the system exits at  513  but if capacity does exists and is available, that capacity is purchased at  522 . 
     Referring next to FIG. 12, there is shown a flow chart depicting a routine which can be employed for the preparation of a reporting data set as illustrated in step  517  of FIG.  11 . In that procedure, the system begins at  531  and determines at  532  whether or not there is capacity which has been reported for sale. If there is no capacity available, the system exits at  533 , however, if such is available, it moves to  534  and fetches from memory the network element or route characteristics of the available traffic which has been reported for sale. At  535  the system compiles the reporting data set which may be in a format similar to that depicted in FIGS. 7 and 8 above. At  536 , the data set is reported to the administration center of the system for distribution to interested buyers in accordance with the procedures  518  of FIG.  11 . 
     Referring finally to FIG. 13, there is shown a procedure by which the trading data set may be handled by the system of the invention. In this procedure, the system begins at  541 , and  542  inquires whether or not a trading task has been received. If not, the system moves to  543  to determine if it has any additional tasks to do and either exits at  544  or performs those tasks at  545  prior to its exit. If at procedure  542 , the system determined that the trading tasks had been received, it moves to  545  to determine the type of transaction which has been received. If a “sell” transaction period has been received, the system moves to  546  to fetch from its memory the network element characteristics or routes and then compiles a reporting data set at  547  prior to exit at  544 . If, however, a “buy” transaction has been received the system moves to  548  at which it fetches records of the desired type of capacity from the administration center. At  549  the system analyzes. and decides the purchase period covered by the contemplated buy transaction and at  551  places a buy order prior to exiting at  544 . 
     In addition, the system of the present invention might be used for other types of networks, including those in which the power grid is used for transmission of telecommunications traffic. The compilation/evaluation of traffic capacity within the system of the present invention to compile the trading data sets can be performed by real time measurement or from post processing charging data records. 
     The system of the present invention can also process statistics on the volume of capacity available for sale, the revenues during certain periods of time and vector trends concerning predicted capacity. The system can also include dedicated databases containing compressed history data. 
     As can be seen from the above, the system of the present invention enables the assimilation of information with respect to available traffic carrying capacity within the network and the distribution of that information to interested buyers and sellers defining a market therefore. This enables the operation of networks at the optimum efficiency for maximum return to both operators and users. 
     It is thus believed that the operation and construction of the present invention will be apparent from the foregoing description. While the method, apparatus and system shown and described has been characterized as being preferred, it will be obvious that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.