Abstract:
The present invention relates to a transmission electron microscope grid including graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite. The graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure includes at least one carbon nanotube film structure and at least one graphene sheet. The carbon nanotube film structure includes at least one pore. The pore is covered by the graphene sheet.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims all benefits accruing under 35 U.S.C. §119 from China Patent Application No. 200910109128.0, filed on 2009/7/24 in the China Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. This application is related to commonly-assigned application entitled, “METHOD FOR PREPARING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SAMPLE”, filed **** (Atty. Docket No. US28026). 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    1. Technical Field 
         [0003]    The present disclosure relates to a carbon nanotube film composite structure, a transmission electron microscope grid using the same, and a method for making the same. 
         [0004]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0005]    Transmission electron microscopy is one of the most important techniques available for the detailed examination and analysis of very small materials. Transmission electron microscopy provides high resolution imaging and material analysis of thin specimens. In transmission electron microscopy analysis, a transmission electron microscope (TEM) grid is used to support the specimens. The conventional TEM grid includes a metal grid such as a copper or nickel grid, a porous organic membrane covering on the metal grid, and an amorphous carbon film deposited on the porous organic membrane. However, in practical application, when the size of the specimen&#39;s particle corresponds to or is less than the thickness of the supporting film, the amorphous carbon film induces high noise in the transmission electron microscopy imaging. 
         [0006]    What is needed, therefore, is a TEM grid having higher resolution transmission electron microscopy images when the size of the specimen is nano in scale, and method for making the same. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0007]    Many aspects of the embodiments can be better understood with references to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, the emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the embodiments. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views. 
           [0008]      FIG. 1  is a flow chart of one embodiment of a method for making a TEM grid. 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  shows a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of a carbon nanotube film. 
           [0010]      FIG. 3  shows an SEM image of a carbon nanotube film structure including at least two stacked carbon nanotube films of  FIG. 2 , aligned along different directions. 
           [0011]      FIG. 4  is a schematic view of the TEM grid formed by the method of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0012]      FIG. 5  is a schematic view of an embodiment of graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure. 
           [0013]      FIG. 6  is a schematic view of an embodiment of graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure. 
           [0014]      FIG. 7  shows a TEM image of an embodiment of the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure. 
           [0015]      FIG. 8  is a schematic view of an embodiment of the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure with a specimen thereon. 
           [0016]      FIG. 9  shows a TEM image of an embodiment with nano-scaled gold particles. 
           [0017]      FIG. 10  shows a high resolution TEM image of an embodiment with the nano-scaled gold particles. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0018]    The disclosure is illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like references indicate similar elements. It should be noted that references to “an” or “one” embodiment in this disclosure are not necessarily to the same embodiment, and such references mean at least one. 
         [0019]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , a method for making a TEM grid in one embodiment includes:
       (a) providing a carbon nanotube film structure and a dispersed solution, and the dispersed solution comprises a solvent and an amount of graphene sheets dispersed in the solvent;   (b) applying the dispersed solution on a surface of the carbon nanotube film structure;   (c) removing the solvent and thereby compositing the graphene sheets with the carbon nanotube film structure, and achieving a graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure; and   (d) placing the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure on a grid.       
 
         [0024]    In step (a), the carbon nanotube film structure includes at least two stacked carbon nanotube films aligned along different directions. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film are aligned substantially along the same direction. In the carbon nanotube film structure, the length directions of the carbon nanotubes in different carbon nanotube films can intersect with each other. The carbon nanotube film can be drawn from a carbon nanotube array. 
         [0025]    A method for making the carbon nanotube film includes: (a 11 ) providing the carbon nanotube array capable of having a film drawn therefrom; and (a 12 ) pulling/drawing out the carbon nanotube film from the carbon nanotube array. The pulling/drawing can be done by using a tool (e.g., adhesive tape, pliers, tweezers, or another tool allowing multiple carbon nanotubes to be gripped and pulled simultaneously). 
         [0026]    In step (a 11 ), a given carbon nanotube array can be formed by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The carbon nanotube array includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes parallel to each other and approximately perpendicular to the substrate. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube array are closely packed together by van der Waals attractive force. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube array can be single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, or combinations thereof. The diameter of the carbon nanotubes can be in the range from about 0.5 nanometers to about 50 nanometers. The height of the carbon nanotubes can be in the range from about 50 nanometers to 5 millimeters. In one embodiment, the height of the carbon nanotubes can be in a range from about 100 microns to 900 microns. 
         [0027]    In step (a 12 ), the carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes, and there are interspaces between adjacent two carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film can be substantially parallel to a surface of the carbon nanotube film. A distance between adjacent two carbon nanotubes can be larger than a diameter of the carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube film can be pulled/drawn by the following substeps: (a 121 ) selecting a carbon nanotube segment having a predetermined width from the carbon nanotube array; and (a 122 ) pulling the carbon nanotube segment at an even/uniform speed to achieve a uniform drawn carbon nanotube film. 
         [0028]    In step (a 121 ), the carbon nanotube segment having a predetermined width can be selected by using an adhesive tape such as the tool to contact the carbon nanotube array. The carbon nanotube segment includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes parallel to each other. In step (a 122 ), the pulling direction is arbitrary (e.g., substantially perpendicular to the growing direction of the carbon nanotube array). 
         [0029]    More specifically, during the pulling process, as the initial carbon nanotube segment is drawn out, other carbon nanotube segments are also drawn out end-to-end due to the van der Waals attractive force between ends of adjacent segments. This process of drawing ensures that a continuous, uniform carbon nanotube film having a predetermined width can be formed. Referring to  FIG. 2 , the carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes joined end-to-end. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film are parallel to the pulling/drawing direction of the drawn carbon nanotube film, and the carbon nanotube film produced in such manner can be selectively formed to have a predetermined width. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film are joined end-to-end by van der Waals attractive force therebetween to form a free-standing film. The term ‘free-standing’ includes films that do not have to be supported by a substrate. In the carbon nanotube film, the adjacent two carbon nanotubes side by side may be in contact with each other or spaced apart from each other. Pores are defined in the carbon nanotube film by adjacent carbon nanotubes. 
         [0030]    In step (a), at least two carbon nanotube films are stacked with each other along different directions with an angle α therebetween. A frame can be provided, and a first carbon nanotube film can be secured to the frame. One or more edges of the carbon nanotube film are attached on the frame, and other part of the carbon nanotube film is suspended. A second carbon nanotube film can be placed on the first carbon nanotube film along another direction. By using the same manner, more than two carbon nanotube films can be stacked with each other on the frame. The carbon nanotube films can be respectively aligned along different directions, and can also be aligned along just two directions. The carbon nanotube film structure is a free-standing structure. 
         [0031]    Adjacent carbon nanotube films can be combined only by the van der Waals attractive force therebetween and a more stable carbon nanotube film structure is formed. The layer number of the carbon nanotube films in the carbon nanotube film structure is not limited. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotube film structure consist of 2 to 4 layers of carbon nanotube films. The angle α between the orientations of carbon nanotubes in the two carbon nanotube films aligned along different directions can be larger than 0 degrees. In one embodiment, the angle α is about 90 degrees. 
         [0032]    After forming the carbon nanotube film structure, the step (a) can further include an optional step (g) of treating the carbon nanotube film structure with an organic solvent. After an organic solvent is applied to the carbon nanotube film structure, the organic solvent can be evaporated from the carbon nanotube film structure, to enlarge the pores defined between adjacent carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film structure. The organic solvent can be volatile at room temperature and can be selected from the group consisting of ethanol, methanol, acetone, dichloroethane, chloroform, and any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the organic solvent is ethanol. The organic solvent should have a desirable wettability relative to the carbon nanotubes. The step of applying the organic solvent on the carbon nanotube film structure can include a step of dropping the organic solvent on the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure by a dropper and/or a step of immersing the entire carbon nanotube film structure into a container with the organic solvent therein. Referring to  FIG. 3  and  FIG. 7 , after the organic solvent is evaporated, the adjacent parallel carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film will bundle together, due to the surface tension of the organic solvent when the organic solvent volatilizing. The bundling will create parallel and spaced carbon nanotube strings. Due to the edges of the carbon nanotube film structure can be held by the frame or other holder, the bundling can only occur in microscopic view, and the carbon nanotube film structure will sustain the film shape in macroscopic view. The carbon nanotube strings also include a plurality of carbon nanotubes joined end-to-end by Van der Waals attractive force therebetween. Due to the carbon nanotube films being aligned along different directions, the carbon nanotube strings shrunk from carbon nanotubes in different carbon nanotube films are intersect with each other, and thereby forming the plurality of pores. The size of the pore is ranged from about 1 nanometer to about 10 microns. In one embodiment, the size of the pore ranges from about 1 nanometer to about 900 nanometers. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotube film structure consists of 4 layers of carbon nanotube films, and above 60% of the pores are nano in scale. It is to be noted that, the more the layers of carbon nanotube films, the smaller the size of the pores in the carbon nanotube film structure. Thus, by adjusting the number of the carbon nanotube films in the carbon nanotube structure, the desired size of the pores can be achieved. It is to be understood that, the step of treating the carbon nanotube film structure with the organic solvent is optional. Additionally, the result can be accomplished by having the solvent in the dispersed solution be an acceptable organic solvent. 
         [0033]    The dispersed solution is obtained by a step of dispersing an amount of graphene sheets into the solvent. In the present embodiment, the method for making the solvent with graphene sheets dispersed therein includes:
       (a 21 ) providing an amount of graphene sheets;   (a 22 ) disposing the graphene sheets in the solvent to form a mixture;   (a 23 ) ultrasonically agitating the mixture to uniformly disperse and/or suspend the graphene sheets in the solvent, thereby achieving the dispersed solution.       
 
         [0037]    In one embodiment, the mixture is ultrasonically agitated for about 15 minutes. It is to be understood that, other methods can be used to disperse the graphene sheets in the solvent. For example, the mixture can be stirred mechanically. 
         [0038]    The solvent in the dispersed solution should be able to allow dispersion of the graphene sheets and be able to evaporating totally. Ingredients of the solvent can have a small molecular weight. In one embodiment, the solvent can be water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, dichloroethane, chloroform, or combinations thereof. It is to be understood that, the solvent only acts as a medium wherein the graphene sheets are dispersed, and thus, the solvent should not react with the graphene sheets. The graphene sheets should not have a chemical reaction with the solvent, or be dissolved in the solvent. 
         [0039]    The graphene sheet can be a single layer of graphene or multi-layers of graphene. In one embodiment, the graphene sheet includes 1 to 3 layers of graphene, thus enabling better contrast TEM imaging. The graphene is a one-atom-thick planar sheet of sp 2 -bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. The size of the graphene sheet can be very large (e.g., several millimeters). However, the size of the graphene sheet generally made is less than about 10 microns (e.g., less than 1 micron). It is to be understood that, the graphene sheet and the pore in the carbon nanotube film structure are rectangle or polygon in shape. The size of the graphene sheet represents the maximum linear distance between one point to another point both on the edge of the graphene sheet. The size of the pore represents the maximum directly distance between two points on the pore. The concentration of the graphene sheets in the dispersed solution is less than about 5% (volume/volume). 
         [0040]    In step (b), the dispersed solution can be dropped on the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure to soak the surface thereof. It is to be understood that, when the area of the carbon nanotube film structure is relatively large, the entire carbon nanotube film structure can be immersed into the dispersed solution, and then the carbon nanotube film structure can be took out from the dispersed solution. 
         [0041]    In one embodiment, the dispersed solution is dropped on the carbon nanotube film structure laid on the framework, drop by drop. 
         [0042]    After the step (b), an optional step (h) of covering another carbon nanotube film structure on the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure having the dispersed solution applied thereon to form a sandwich structure. 
         [0043]    It is to be noted that, the other carbon nanotube film structure can include one or more carbon nanotube films having a different or the same structure with the original carbon nanotube film structure. This optional step (h) and the step (b) can be repeated several times, wherein after forming the sandwich structure, the dispersed solution is further dropped on the surface of the sandwich structure, and another carbon nanotube film structure is covered on the sandwich structure. Thus, the multi-layered sandwich structure is formed that includes a plurality of carbon nanotube film structures and a plurality of dispersed solution layers sandwiched with each other. In one embodiment, the sandwich structure includes two carbon nanotube film structures and one dispersed solution layer therebetween. The carbon nanotube film structures securing the graphene sheets therebetween. 
         [0044]    In step (c), after the solvent in the dispersed solution is evaporated, a graphene sheet layer is formed on the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure. The graphene sheets in the graphene sheet layer can be disposed on the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure in contact with each other, or separately, according to the concentration of the dispersed solution and amount of the dispersed solution applied on the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure. Referring to  FIG. 7 , in the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure, at least one graphene sheet is located on at least one pore in the carbon nanotube film structure. 
         [0045]    When a sandwich structure is formed, the graphene sheets in the graphene sheet layer are secured by the carbon nanotubes in the two carbon nanotube film structures. 
         [0046]    After step (c), an additional step (c 1 ) of treating the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure can be further processed to join the graphene sheet with the carbon nanotube by a chemical bond. 
         [0047]    The step (c 1 ) can be a step of irradiating the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure with a laser or an ultraviolet beam, or a step of bombarding the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure with high-energy particles. After the treating step, the carbon atom in the graphene sheet and the carbon atom in the carbon nanotube are joined by a sp 3  bond, and thus, the graphene sheets are fixed on the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure firmly. The step (c 1 ) is optional. Without the step, the carbon nanotube and the graphene sheet are joined by Van der Waals attractive force. 
         [0048]    In step (d), the grid has at least one through hole. The graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure covers the through hole, and is suspended across the through hole. The grid can be made of metal or other materials such as ceramics. In one embodiment, the grid is a copper grid. 
         [0049]    When the area of the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure is large enough, the step (d) can be replaced with a step (d 1 ). The step (d 1 ) includes steps of: arranging a plurality of grids spaced from each other on a substrate; covering the plurality of grids with one graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure; and cutting the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure corresponding to the grids, and thereby producing a plurality of grids with graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure thereon at one time. A laser beam can be provided and focused between two adjacent grids. The graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure irradiated by the laser beam is burned away. The laser beam has a power of about 5 watts to 30 watts (e.g., about 18 watts). 
         [0050]    After the step (d), an optional step (i) of treating the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure on the grid with an organic solvent can be used to better adhere the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure with the grid tightly. After being treated by the organic solvent, the area of contact between the carbon nanotube film structure and the grid will increase, and thus, the carbon nanotube film structure will more firmly adhere to the surface of the grid. The organic solvent can be volatile at room temperature, and can be ethanol, methanol, acetone, dichloroethane, chloroform, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the organic solvent is ethanol. The organic solvent should have a desirable wettability to the carbon nanotubes. More specially, the step (i) can include a step of applying the organic solvent on the surface of the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure by using a dropper; or a step of immersing the entire graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure into a container with the organic solvent therein. 
         [0051]    The excess portion of the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure outside the grid can be further removed by using a laser beam focused on the excess portion. 
         [0052]    The method for making the TEM grid has at least the following advantages. Firstly, the carbon nanotube film and the carbon nanotube film structure formed from the carbon nanotube film are free-standing, and can be easily laid and stacked. Two or more carbon nanotube film structures can sandwich the graphene sheet layer therebetween. Secondly, by using the laser, ultraviolet, or high-energy particles to treat the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure, the graphene sheets can the carbon nanotube film structure can be combined firmly through chemical bonds. Thirdly, the carbon nanotube film structure has a large specific surface area, and is adhesive. Therefore, the carbon nanotube film structure can be directly adhered on the surface of the grid. Further, by treating with the organic solvent, the carbon nanotube film structure can be firmly secured to the grid. Fourthly, the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure can be covered on a plurality of grids, and forming a plurality of TEM grids at one time. 
         [0053]    Referring to  FIGS. 4 ,  5 , and  7 , a TEM grid  100 , which can be made by the above-described method, includes a grid  110  and a graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure  120  covered on the grid  110 . 
         [0054]    The graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure  120  includes at least one carbon nanotube film structure  122  and at least one graphene sheet  124  disposed on a surface of the carbon nanotube film structure  122 . The carbon nanotube film structure  122  includes a plurality of pores  126 , wherein at least one pore  126  is covered with a graphene sheet  124 . 
         [0055]    More specifically, referring to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the carbon nanotube film structure  122  includes at least two carbon nanotube films stacked with each other. The carbon nanotube film can be drawn from the carbon nanotube array, and includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes aligned substantially along the same direction and parallel to a surface of the carbon nanotube film. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film are joined end-to-end by van der Waals attractive force therebetween. In the carbon nanotube film structure, some of the carbon nanotube films are aligned along different directions. The angle α exist between the orientation of carbon nanotubes in the two carbon nanotube films. The angle α is in the range of 0°&lt;α≦90°. In one embodiment, α is equal to about 90 degrees. 
         [0056]    Referring to  FIGS. 5 and 7 , the carbon nanotube film structure  122  includes a plurality of carbon nanotube strings  128  intersecting with each other. The carbon nanotube string  128  includes paralleled carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube string  128  includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes joined end-to-end by van der Waals attractive force therebetween. A plurality of pores  126  are defined by the intercrossed carbon nanotube strings  128 , in the carbon nanotube film structure  122 . The size of the pores  126  is related to the number of layers of the carbon nanotube films in the carbon nanotube film structure  122 . The number of layers of carbon nanotube films is not limited. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotube film structure  122  includes 2 to 4 layers of carbon nanotube films. The size of the pores can be in the range from about 1 nanometer to 1 micron. In one embodiment, more than 60% of the pores are nano in scale. 
         [0057]    The graphene sheet  124  includes one or more layers of graphene. The graphene sheet  124  has a size larger than the size of the pore  126  in the carbon nanotube film structure  126  and entirely covers the pore  126 . The size of the graphene sheet  124  is in the range from 2 nanometers to 10 microns. In one embodiment, the size of the graphene sheet  124  is in the range from 2 nanometers to 1 micron. In one embodiment, the graphene sheet  124  is consisted of 1 to 3 layers of graphene. 
         [0058]    Further, the carbon atom in the graphene sheet  124  and the carbon atom in the carbon nanotube can be joined together by a sp 3  bond. 
         [0059]    Furthermore, the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure  120  can include a plurality of carbon nanotube film structures  122  stacked with each other and a plurality of graphene sheets  124  disposed between two adjacent carbon nanotube film structures  122 . The graphene sheets  124  can be secured by the carbon nanotube strings in the two adjacent carbon nanotube film structures  122  to be firmly held by the carbon nanotube film structures  122 . 
         [0060]    The grid  110  is a sheet with one or more through holes  112  therein. The grid  110  can be used in the conventional TEM grid. The material of the grid  110  can be metal or other suitable materials such as ceramics and silicon. In one embodiment, the material of the grid  110  is copper. The graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure  120  is located on the grid  110 , thereby suspending portions of the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure  120  across the through holes  112 . In one embodiment, the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure  120  is equal in size to the grid  110 , and covers the entire surface of the grid  110 . The through holes  112  have a diameter larger than the size of the pores  126  in the carbon nanotube film structure  122 , and larger than the size of the graphene sheet  124 . In one embodiment, the diameter of the through hole  112  is in the range from about 10 microns to about 2 millimeters. 
         [0061]    In use of the TEM grid  100 , a specimen  200  is disposed on a surface of the TEM grid  100 . More specifically, referring to  FIGS. 8 and 9 , a plurality of specimens  200  are disposed on the surface of the graphene sheet  124  covered the pore  126  of the carbon nanotube film structure  122 . The specimens  200  can be nano-scaled particles, such as nanowires, nanotubes, and nanoballs. The size of a single specimen  200  can be smaller than 1 micron. In one embodiment, the size of the single specimen  200  can be smaller than 10 nanometers. Referring to  FIGS. 9 and 10 , the specimen  200  is an amount of nano-scaled gold powder. The nano-scaled gold powder can be dispersed in a solvent and dropped on the surface of the TEM grid  100 . The solvent is dried, and TEM photos with different resolutions can be achieved. The black spots in  FIG. 9  are the gold powder. 
         [0062]    The TEM grid  100  has at least the following advantages. 
         [0063]    Firstly, the graphene sheet  124  carries the specimen  200 . A large amount of specimens  200  can be uniformly distributed on the surface of the graphene sheet  124 , and the TEM photo can be used to analyze the size distribution of the specimens  200 , and observing the self-assembling of the large amount of specimens  200  on the surface of the graphene sheet  124 . The graphene sheet  124  covers the pore  126 , and the specimens  200  are carried by the graphene sheet  124 , and thus, the specimens  200  are uniformly distributed above the pore  126 , thereby achieving a maximum carrying probability of the specimens  200 . It is to be understood that the size of the single specimen  200  can be only a little smaller than the size of the pore  126 . 
         [0064]    Secondly, a graphene sheet  126  with a larger size is difficult to be formed. The graphene sheet  124  formed by using a conventional method are limited to 10 microns. The pore  126  can be nano in scale, and thus the graphene sheet  124  with smaller size can cover the entire pore  126 . A size equal to or larger than 1 nanometer and smaller than 100 nanometer is nano in scale. 
         [0065]    Thirdly, the graphene sheet is very thin. The graphene has a thickness of about 0.335 nanometers. Therefore, the background noise during the TEM observation can be lowered, and the TEM photos having higher resolution can be achieved. Further, the smaller the through hole  112  of the grid  110  (e.g., below 2 microns), the more complicated the method of manufacture. The TEM grid  100  can use a grid  110  with the through hole  112  with a larger diameter. 
         [0066]    Fourthly, due to a high purity of the carbon nanotube film drawn from the carbon nanotube array, the TEM grid  100  including the carbon nanotube films do not require elimination of impurities by using a thermal treating step. 
         [0067]    Further, the carbon nanotube film structure  122  and the graphene sheet  124  are both composed of carbon atoms, and have a similar structure (graphene), thus, the properties of the carbon nanotube film structure  122  and the graphene sheet  124  is similar, and the carbon nanotube film structure  122  can be joined together with the graphene sheet  124  by sp 3  bonds. The TEM grid  100  including the sp 3  bonds can be more durable. 
         [0068]    Furthermore, the graphene sheet-carbon nanotube film composite structure  120  can include at least two carbon nanotube film structures  122  securing the graphene sheets  124  therebetween. Thus, the TEM grid  100  will have a stable structure and can be more durable. 
         [0069]    It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate rather than limit the disclosure. Variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit of the disclosure as claimed. The above-described embodiments illustrate the scope of the disclosure but do not restrict the scope of the disclosure. 
         [0070]    It is also to be understood that the above description and the claims drawn to a method may include some indication in reference to certain steps. However, the indication used is only to be viewed for identification purposes and not as a suggestion as to an order for the steps.