Abstract:
An artificial hair transplantation method for implanting, directly or indirectly, artificial chemically synthesized filaments into the epidermal layer and the dermal layer of the human scalp features painless incisions and allows hair restoration to be attained in a short period of time, such as a few hours.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to artificial hair transplantation methods, and more particularly, to an artificial hair transplantation method for performing hair transplantation by implanting artificial chemically synthesized filaments into the epidermal layer and the dermal layer of the human scalp. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Hair not only protects the surface of the skin but serves an esthetic purpose. Hair grows from hair follicles found all over the skin. The hair follicle, a gland-equipped sac-like structure, takes root in the dermis and extends upward to reach the epidermis; hence, the hair follicle consists of a dermal portion and an epidermal portion. The dermal portion of the hair follicle comprises dermal papillae (DP) and a dermal sheath (DS). The epidermal portion of the hair follicle comprises an inner root sheath (IRS) and an outer root sheath (ORS). The human scalp is the skin that covers the top of the human head and, of course, comprises the dermis and the epidermis. 
         [0003]    Hair growth is a continuous lifelong process that takes place in cycles of four phases: anagen (growth), catagen (regression), telogen (rest), and exogen (shedding). A prolongation of the telogen phase, coupled with the ensuing failure to enter a new anagen phase, is a proven pathological cause of alopecia (hair loss) of an extent from hair thinning to baldness. Alopecia brings about psychological problems in both men and women. The symptoms can include loss of self-esteem, anxiety, fear and negative body image. 
         [0004]    To mitigate alopecia, the prior art effectuates hair restoration by follicular unit transplantation (FUT) which involves: removing from the occipital portion of the human scalp a long, thin donor strip; performing stereo-microscopic dissection on the strip to remove individual follicular units therefrom; and implanting the individual follicular units in the recipient area of the human scalp. However, FUT has its own drawbacks. For example, FUT leaves a linear donor scar in the donor area of the human scalp. The drawback is overcome by a subsequent hair restoration technique known as follicular unit extraction (FUE). FUE does not leave any visible scar in the donor area of the human scalp, as FUE uses a biopsy punch to remove individual follicular unit grafts from the occipital portion and temporal portions of the human scalp. The advantage that the FUE method has over FUT is that FUE does not leave a linear donor scar, causes less bleeding, and causes less post-operative discomfort. However, FUE has its own drawbacks. For example, FUE is time-consuming, expensive, and is not suitable for patients who require transplantation of a large number of hair follicular units. Furthermore, not only does the success of FUE largely depend on the experience of the hair transplant team, but FUE is notorious for a likelihood of an increased risk of follicular damage in extraction which can lead to sub-optimal growth of the hair transplant. 
         [0005]    Accordingly, it is imperative to develop a hair restoration technique that overcomes the aforesaid drawbacks of the prior art. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    It is an objective of the present invention to provide an artificial hair transplantation method for implanting, directly or indirectly, artificial chemically synthesized filaments into the human scalp so as to effectuate hair restoration in a short period of time, such as a few hours. 
         [0007]    Another objective of the present invention is to provide an artificial hair transplantation method for implanting directly or fixing the artificial chemically synthesized filaments to above the human scalp by means of a needle so as to effectuate hair transplantation. 
         [0008]    Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide an artificial hair transplantation method for implanting the artificial chemically synthesized filaments to above the human scalp indirectly by means of a needle, using a fixing thread, so as to effectuate hair transplantation. 
         [0009]    In order to achieve the above and other objectives, the present invention provides an artificial hair transplantation method for performing hair transplantation limited to an epidermal layer and a dermal layer of a human scalp, the method comprising the steps of: providing an artificial chemically synthesized filament; providing a needle for pulling the artificial chemically synthesized filament and driving the artificial chemically synthesized filament to enter the human scalp and lie flatly in the epidermal layer or the dermal layer, and driving the needle to leave the epidermal layer or the dermal layer and stay above the human scalp such that the needle separates from the epidermal layer or the dermal layer, wherein the needle enables the artificial chemically synthesized filament to be present in the epidermal layer and the dermal layer simultaneously; and crossing and knotting the artificial chemically synthesized filament above the human scalp so as to form a knot at an appropriate point of the artificial chemically synthesized filament, followed by fixing the artificial chemically synthesized filament to the human scalp. 
         [0010]    In order to achieve the above and other objectives, the present invention provides an artificial hair transplantation method for performing hair transplantation limited to an epidermal layer and the dermal layer of a human scalp, the method comprising the steps of: providing an artificial chemically synthesized filament and a fixing thread; providing a needle for pulling the fixing thread in a manner that movement of the needle alternates between entering the epidermal layer and the dermal layer from outside the human scalp and exiting the epidermal layer and the dermal layer to thereby leave the human scalp, wherein the fixing thread comprises a plurality of exposed portions above the epidermal layer, such that a plurality of spaces are formed between the epidermal layer and the exposed portions of the fixing thread, respectively; and passing the artificial chemically synthesized filaments through the spaces, followed by knotting the artificial chemically synthesized filaments in a manner that the knots thus formed are fixed to the fixing thread, thereby allowing the artificial chemically synthesized filaments to be fixed to the human scalp by means of the fixing thread. 
         [0011]    Unlike the prior art, the present invention provides an artificial hair transplantation method for implanting artificial chemically synthesized filaments into the epidermal layer and the dermal layer of the human scalp. According to the present invention, the artificial chemically synthesized filaments are positioned at a depth of 0.1 mm to 0.7 mm in the epidermal layer when implanted, wherein the dermal layer is 3 to 5 times thicker than the epidermal layer; in other words, the artificial chemically synthesized filaments thus implanted in the human scalp are not deep at all, as they can be just 0.4 mm deep in the human scalp, for example. With the implanted artificial chemically synthesized filaments being confined to the epidermal layer and the dermal layer, the filament-receiving holes opened in the human scalp by the surgeon during the hair transplantation process are small and shallow and thus cause relatively little pain to the hair transplantation patient. Given a filament recipient area of just 1 cm 2  to 3 cm 2 , hair restoration can be accomplished in a short period of time, such as a few hours. The artificial chemically synthesized filaments proposed by the present invention are of high strength and high fidelity, and are implanted into the human scalp by means of a therapeutic needle; hence, the artificial hair transplantation method of the present invention reduces transplant rejection and infection. Accordingly, the artificial hair transplantation method of the present invention is effective in hair restoration and hair replacement. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0012]    To enable persons skilled in the art to fully understand the objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is hereunder illustrated with specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0013]      FIG. 1  is a flowchart of implanting an artificial chemically synthesized filament into a human scalp according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0014]      FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view of the human scalp mentioned in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0015]      FIG. 3  is a schematic view of engagement between the artificial chemically synthesized filament and a needle according to different exemplary embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0016]      FIG. 4  is a schematic view of the engagement between the needle and the artificial chemically synthesized filament shown in  FIG. 3 ; 
           [0017]      FIG. 5  is a schematic view of the arrangement of the artificial chemically synthesized filaments implanted according to the process flow described in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0018]      FIG. 6  is a flowchart of implanting an artificial chemically synthesized filament into a human scalp according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0019]      FIG. 7  is a schematic view of the arrangement of the artificial chemically synthesized filaments implanted according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0020]      FIG. 8  is a schematic view of the artificial chemically synthesized filaments implanted according to the process flow described in  FIG. 6 ; and 
           [0021]      FIG. 9  is another schematic view of the artificial chemically synthesized filaments implanted according to the process flow described in  FIG. 6 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0022]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , there is shown a flowchart of implanting an artificial chemically synthesized filament into a human scalp according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 1 , an artificial hair transplantation method of the present invention entails implanting an artificial chemically synthesized filament into the epidermal layer and the dermal layer of the human scalp. In an embodiment, the artificial chemically synthesized filament is of a thread diameter of 0.08 mm. Referring to  FIG. 2 , there is shown a cross-sectional view of an artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  implanted into a human scalp  2  in order to effectuate hair transplantation according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the human scalp  2  further comprises an epidermal layer  22  and a dermal layer  24 . 
         [0023]    The process flow of the artificial hair transplantation method according to an embodiment of the present invention starts with step S 11 . Step S 11  involves providing the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4 . The artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  is made of at least one of green &amp; white polyfilament chemical absorbable suture (EU-TEK/PGA), violet polyfilament chemical absorbable suture (Violet), plain catgut, chromic catgut, monofilament nylon, braided nylon, Unilene polypropylene suture, polyester suture, wire, silk, and twisted silk. 
         [0024]    Afterward, step S 12  entails providing a needle for pulling the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  and driving the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  to enter the human scalp  2  and lie flatly in the epidermal layer  22  and the dermal layer  24 , and driving the needle to leave the epidermal layer  22  and the dermal layer  24  to stay above the human scalp  2  such that the needle separates from the epidermal layer  22 . In doing so, the needle enables the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  to be present in the epidermal layer  22  and the dermal layer  24  simultaneously. Alternatively, it is also feasible to allow the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  to be present in the epidermal layer  22  only. The needle is at least one of a reverse cutting needle, a regular cutting needle, a diamond point needle, and a premium reverse cutting. 
         [0025]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , there is shown a schematic view of engagement between the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  and a needle  6  according to different exemplary embodiments of the present invention. As shown in the drawing, the engagement is effectuated in three different ways: (a) providing a hollow needle that has therein a receiving space and functions as the needle  6 , followed by passing the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  through the receiving space such that the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  is held therein; (b) providing a one-eyed needle that functions as the needle  6 , followed by passing the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  through the eye at one end of the one-eyed needle in a manner to enable engagement of the one-eyed needle and the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4 ; and (c) providing a lead that functions as the needle  6 , followed by connecting the lead and the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  such that the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  enters the epidermal layer  22  and the dermal layer  24 , wherein the lead can be a stainless steel wire. 
         [0026]    Afterward, step S 13  entails crossing and knotting the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  above the human scalp  2  so as to form a knot  10  at an appropriate point of the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4 , wherein the appropriate point of the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  is, for example, close to the human scalp  2 , followed by fixing the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  in place at the human scalp  2 . An exemplary way of knotting is depicted in  FIG. 4 . For the sake of brevity and clarity, the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  is, in an exemplary embodiment, divided by a midpoint  8  into a first synthetic filament  42  and a second synthetic filament  44 . As shown in  FIG. 4 , the exemplary way of knotting comprises two steps of: (a) pressing the first synthetic filament  42  against the second synthetic filament  44 , followed by bending the first and second synthetic filaments  42 ,  44  over each other to form the knot  10  by a single knotting process and thereby form an enclosed space SP defined by the first and second synthetic filaments  42 ,  44  together, wherein the knot  10  and the enclosed space SP together enable the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  to be fixed to the epidermal layer  22  and the dermal layer  24 ; and (b) knotting, after forming the knot  10 , the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  repeatedly to reinforce the implantation of the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  in the human scalp  2 . 
         [0027]    A point to note is that step S 12  further entails pushing the needle into the epidermal layer  22  and the dermal layer  24  to reach a predetermined depth therein, wherein the predetermined depth ranges between 0.1 mm and 4 mm. The beneficial outcome of the artificial hair transplantation method of the present invention as implemented by steps S 11  through S 13  is that, when implanted into the human scalp  2 , every one said artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  consists of the first synthetic filament  42  and the second synthetic filament  44  which are inherently joined by the knot  10 . Each of the first synthetic filament  42  and the second synthetic filament  44  is of a length substantially equal to a half of that of the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4 . As a result, upon completion of the hair transplantation carried out by the artificial hair transplantation method of the present invention, the total number of the first synthetic filaments  42  and the second synthetic filaments  44  is two times that of the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4 . 
         [0028]    Patients who need implantation of the artificial chemically synthesized filaments into the human scalp benefit from the artificial hair transplantation method of the present invention, because the artificial chemically synthesized filaments are implanted into the human scalp in a pattern corresponding to the distribution pattern of a plurality of hair follicles (spaced apart from each other by a distance ranging between 2 mm and 4 mm) in the dermal layer  24  according to an embodiment of the present invention. A plurality of said artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  are fixed to positions (hereinafter referred to as pseudo hair follicles  12  as shown in  FIG. 5 ) above the human scalp, such that the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  thus implanted mimic the innate hair of the human scalp in terms of the respective positions and the pattern of arrangement of hair follicles of the human scalp. Fixed to each of the pseudo hair follicles  12  are the plurality of artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  spaced apart from each other by a distance that ranges between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm. 
         [0029]    Referring to  FIG. 5 , there is shown a schematic view of the arrangement of the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  implanted according to the process flow described in  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIG. 5 , in an embodiment of the present invention, to perform hair transplantation at the positions of the pseudo hair follicles  12  (spaced apart from each other by a distance ranging between 1 mm and 1.5 mm) in a hair transplantation zone A, it is feasible to implant three said artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  into the epidermal layer  22  of the human scalp  2  in a manner that three said artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  thus implanted correspond in position to, that is, being close to, a corresponding one of the pseudo hair follicles  12 , and then repeat the aforesaid procedure until all of the pseudo hair follicles  12  in the hair transplantation zone A are treated by the aforesaid procedure. By performing the aforesaid knotting technique described in step S 13  on the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  implanted at the positions of the pseudo hair follicles  12 , respectively, three said artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  appear in the form of six said half synthetic filaments  4 ′. 
         [0030]    Referring to  FIG. 6 , there is shown a flowchart of implanting the artificial chemically synthesized filament  4  into the human scalp  2  according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 6 , the artificial hair transplantation method whereby the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  are implanted into the epidermal layer  22  and the dermal layer  24  of the human scalp  2  comprises the steps S 61  through S 63 . Step S 61  entails providing the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  and a fixing thread  14 . The artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  and/or the fixing thread  14  are/is made of at least one of green &amp; white polyfilament chemical absorbable suture (EU-TEK/PGA), violet polyfilament chemical absorbable suture (Violet), plain catgut, chromic catgut, monofilament nylon, braided nylon, Unilene polypropylene suture, polyester suture, wire, silk, and twisted silk. 
         [0031]    Step S 62  entails providing a needle  6  for pulling the fixing thread  14  in a manner that the movement of the needle  6  alternates between entering the epidermal layer  22  and the dermal layer  24  from outside the human scalp  2  and exiting the epidermal layer  22  and the dermal layer  24  to thereby leave the human scalp  2 . As a result, the fixing thread  14  comprises an exposed portion above the human scalp  2  and a hidden portion inside the epidermal layer  22  and the dermal layer  24 , wherein the exposed portion and the hidden portion alternate. As a result, a plurality of spaces S (see  FIG. 8 ) are formed between the human scalp  2  and the exposed portions of the fixing thread  14 , respectively. The needle is at least one of a reverse cutting needle, a regular cutting needle, a diamond point needle, and a premium reverse cutting. 
         [0032]    Step S 63  entails passing the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  through the spaces S, followed by knotting the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  in a manner that the knots  10  thus formed are fixed to the fixing thread  14 , thereby allowing the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  to be fixed to the human scalp  2  by means of the fixing thread  14 . 
         [0033]    The hidden portions of the fixing thread  14  are 0.1 mm to 4 mm deep in the human scalp  2  and are spaced apart from each other by a distance that ranges between 0.1 mm and 10 mm. The exposed portions of the fixing thread  14  are spaced apart from each other by a distance that ranges between 2.5 mm and 25 mm. In another embodiment, the exposed portions of the fixing thread  14  are spaced apart from each other by a distance that ranges between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm. The aforesaid distances that separate the hidden portions of the fixing thread  14  enable sufficient air ventilation immediately above the recipient area of the human scalp  2  after hair transplantation. 
         [0034]    Referring to  FIG. 7 , there is shown a schematic view of the arrangement of the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  implanted according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 7 , in an embodiment of the present invention, to perform hair transplantation at the positions of the pseudo hair follicles  12  (spaced apart from each other by a distance ranging between 1 mm and 1.5 mm) in a hair transplantation zone A′, it is feasible to fix the fixing thread  14  to above the human scalp  2 , knot the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  with the aforesaid knotting technique to enable the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  to be fixed to the fixing thread  14 , and implant three said artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  at the positions of the pseudo hair follicles  12 . After the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  form their respective knots  10  which are positioned at the positions of the pseudo hair follicle  12 , three said artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  appear in the form of six half synthetic filaments  4 ′. 
         [0035]    Referring to  FIG. 8 , there is shown a schematic view of the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  implanted according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 8 , the hidden portions of the fixing thread  14  are 0.1 mm to 4 mm deep in the human scalp  2  and are spaced apart from each other by a distance D 2  that ranges between 0.1 mm and 10 mm, and the exposed portions of the fixing thread  14  are spaced apart from each other by a distance D 1  that ranges between 2.5 mm and 25 mm. 
         [0036]    Referring to  FIG. 9 , there is shown a schematic view of the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  implanted according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 9 , when pulled by the needle, the fixing thread  14  moves in a manner that the movement of the needle alternates between entering the epidermal layer  22  and the dermal layer  24  from outside the human scalp  2  and exiting the epidermal layer  22  and the dermal layer  24  to thereby leave the human scalp  2 . As a result, the fixing thread  14  comprises the exposed portion above the human scalp  2  and the hidden portion inside the epidermal layer  22  and the dermal layer  24 , wherein the exposed portion and the hidden portion alternate. As a result, the plurality of spaces S are formed between the human scalp  2  and the exposed portions of the fixing thread  14 , respectively. A plurality of said fixing threads  14  are arranged within the recipient area of the human scalp  2 . The exposed portions of the fixing thread  14  are spaced apart from each other by a distance D 3  that ranges between 2.5 mm and 25 mm. The hidden portions of the fixing thread  14  are spaced apart from each other by a distance D 4  that ranges between 0.1 mm and 10 mm. At the end of the hair transplantation operation, the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  are fixed to the human scalp  2 . With the artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4  each being of a thread diameter ranging between 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm, the spaces S formed between the human scalp  2  and the exposed portions of the fixing thread  14 , respectively, can accommodate a total of 25˜50 said artificial chemically synthesized filaments  4 . The aforesaid distances that separate the hidden portions of the fixing thread  14  enable sufficient air ventilation immediately above the recipient area of the human scalp  2  after hair transplantation. 
         [0037]    Unlike the prior art, the present invention provides an artificial hair transplantation method whereby artificial chemically synthesized filaments are implanted into the epidermal layer and the dermal layer of the human scalp in a manner that the artificial chemically synthesized filaments thus implanted are approximately 0.4 mm deep in the human scalp (wherein, as a matter of fact, the epidermal layer is 0.1 mm to 0.7 mm thick, and the dermal layer is 3 to 5 times thicker than the epidermal layer). Hence, the artificial chemically synthesized filaments thus implanted lie at a small depth in the human scalp, the filament-receiving holes opened in the human scalp by the surgeon during the hair transplantation process are small and shallow and thus cause relatively little pain to the hair transplantation patient. Given a filament recipient area of just 1 cm 2  to 3 cm 2 , hair restoration can be accomplished in a short period of time, such as a few hours. The artificial chemically synthesized filaments proposed by the present invention are of high strength and high fidelity, and are implanted into the human scalp by means of a therapeutic needle; hence, the artificial hair transplantation method of the present invention reduces transplant rejection and infection. Accordingly, the artificial hair transplantation method of the present invention is effective in hair restoration and hair replacement. 
         [0038]    The present invention is disclosed above by preferred embodiments. However, persons skilled in the art should understand that the preferred embodiments are illustrative of the present invention only, but should not be interpreted as restrictive of the scope of the present invention. Hence, all equivalent modifications and replacements made to the aforesaid embodiments should fall within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the legal protection for the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.