Abstract:
A piston displacement condiment pump for pumping viscous fluids, especially condiments such as ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, relish, sauces and the like, is disclosed. The pump is constructed mostly of stainless steel and includes an inflow chamber with a check ball valve, an outflow chamber with a another check ball valve, and a spout. The pump includes an optional method for limiting the amount of condiment delivered with each stroke of the pump. The spout is held in place with a unique pin and L-slot arrangement, and by the unique position of the outflow chamber in relation to the cover. The spring and inflow check ball is attached to the piston and the outflow check ball is attached to the spring wire clip. The novel spring wire clip restrains the check ball valve in the outflow chamber.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of co-pending application Ser. No. 09/668,762, filed on Sep. 22, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,343,720 which issued Feb. 5, 2002. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                    1,307,478 
                  6/1919 Berdahl 
                   
               
               
                   
                 2,811,284 
                 10/1957 Rogers 
                 222/173 
               
               
                   
                 2,837,246 
                  6/1958 Steele 
                 222/309 
               
               
                   
                 3,332,585 
                  7/1967 Cox 
                 222/309 
               
               
                   
                 4,917,525 
                  4/1990 Duncan 
                 403/27 
               
               
                   
                 5,375,746 
                 12/1994 Schaefer et al 
                 222/385 
               
               
                   
                 5,381,932 
                  1/1995 Humphrey 
                 222/321 
               
               
                   
                 5,579,959 
                 12/1996 Bennett et al 
                 222/385 
               
               
                   
                 6,019,256 
                  2/2000 Seltzer 
                 222/321 
               
             
          
           
               
                 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                  516855 
                  1/1940 United Kingdom 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
    
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FED SPONSORED R&amp;D 
     N/A 
     REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING 
     N/A 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     A. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates generally to pumps for viscous fluids. Specifically, the invention is a hand pump for use with condiments such as flavored syrups, ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, relish and similar products. 
     B. Description of Related Art 
     Nearly all retail stores which sell ready to eat food have some type of system for allowing the customer to apply various condiments (e.g. ketchup, mustard, relish, flavored syrup, etc.) To the food. And while there are various approaches to the problem of storing and dispensing condiments, one popular approach is to use a stainless steel tub and hand pump. 
     In general, the prior art consists of a piston displacement pump, an inlet chamber with a check valve, an outlet chamber with a check valve, and a dispensing spout. The combination of a piston displacement pump with two chambers and check valves predates their use in food dispensing. For example, Berdahl used this arrangement in an oil can. U.S. Pat. No. 1,307,478, granted Jun. 24, 1919. Turning to food dispensing, Cox used the same basic elements in an adjustable syrup pump, U.S. Pat. No. 3,332,585, as did Bennett et al. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,579,959. Two recent, popular food pumps, using this same approach, are Schaefer et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,375,746, and Humphrey, U.S. Pat. No.5,381,932. The most recent food pump by Seltzer (same inventor as this application), U.S. Pat. No. 6,019,256, also uses the same approach. 
     A review of the prior art patents, particularly the discussion in Schaefer et al, Humphrey, and Bennett et al., shows that there has been an ongoing sense of frustration with the prior art pumps on the following grounds: they are too complicated to manufacture; they have too many parts; they are prone to clogging; they are difficult to clean; and when disassembled for cleaning there are small parts that fall out and can get lost. 
     Accordingly, there is a need for a condiment pump which is easy to manufacture, has a minimum of parts, resists clogging, is easy to clean without small parts that can fall out and get lost. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A condiment pump meeting the foregoing needs is disclosed. The condiment pump has a pump means in the form of a standard piston displacement pump. The standard piston displacement pump is well known in the art and is comprised of a cylinder, a rod with a piston at the bottom of the rod inside the cylinder which is biased, usually by a spring, in an upward position, and a seal attached to the piston which makes a tight but slidable fit with the interior wall of the cylinder. In the instant invention, the rod is optionally fitted with limiting means for limiting the travel of the rod. By limiting the travel of the rod within the cylinder, the condiment pump can be made to deliver a reduced and measured volume of condiment. The instant invention also has a means for attaching the check ball to the bottom of the spring, and for attaching the spring to the bottom of the piston so that these parts stay attached when the piston is removed from the cylinder for cleaning. 
     The pump means has inflow means formed at the lower end of the pump means. The inflow means has an interior inflow chamber with a first valve means inside the interior chamber. The valve means is most conveniently made from a special check ball valve, although other types of check valves, such as flap valves are also possible. The inflow chamber has three openings: a top opening which communicates with the pump means; a bottom opening which communicates with the supply of condiment to be pumped; and a side opening which communicates with an outflow means. The inflow chamber is designed so as to prevent the spring from blocking the side opening. 
     The outflow chamber communicates with the side opening of the interior chamber of the inflow means using a piece of elbow tubing. The outflow means has an interior chamber with a top opening and a bottom opening, and a second valve means inside the outflow chamber. The elbow tubing has a lower end which communicates with the side opening of the inflow chamber and an upper end which communicates with the lower opening of the outflow chamber. 
     There is also a spout having an upper end and a lower end where the lower end is equipped with a spout adapter. The spout adapter is disposed inside the upper opening of the outflow chamber. The spout adapter has a pin which engages a L-slot pin receiving means in the upper end of the outflow means. The pin and pin receiving means prevent the spout from rotating, or moving axially relative to the outflow means. The spout adapter detachably engages a spring wire clip which holds the check valve and also prevents the valve means, typically a check ball valve, from plugging the lower end of the spout. 
     The spout and the pump means both protrude through a cover with two orifices. a pump orifice and a spout orifice. The pump means includes a screw-on cap which is larger than the pump orifice, thus holding the cover tightly in place. The cover, in turn, then holds the spout adapter firmly within the upper end of the outflow chamber. 
     It is an object of the invention to produce a condiment pump which has a minimum of moving parts. 
     It is an object of the invention to produce a condiment pump which is easy to assemble and disassemble without using any tools. 
     It is an object of the invention to produce a condiment pump which is easy to clean. 
     It is an object of the invention to produce a condiment pump which can be disassembled without any loose parts that can fall out and get lost. 
     It is an object of the invention to produce a condiment pump which is inexpensive to manufacture. 
     It is an object of the invention to produce a condiment pump which resists clogging. 
     Further objects of the invention will appear as the description proceeds. 
     To the accomplishment of the above and related objects, this invention may be embodied in the form illustrated in the accompanying drawings, attention being called to the fact, however, that the drawings are illustrative only, and that changes may be made in the specific construction illustrated and described within the scope of the claims. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a cutaway view of the invention 
     FIG. 2 is a cutaway view of the piston/spring/check ball assembly. 
     FIG. 3 is a cutaway view of the spout adaptor/spout clip/check ball assembly 
     FIG. 4 is a cutaway view of the invention 
     FIG. 4A is a plan view of the cover assembly 
     FIG. 5 is a cutaway view of the piston cylinder/inflow means 
     FIG. 5 a  is a cutaway view of a detail of the cylinder 
     FIG. 6 is a cutaway view of the elbow/outflow means 
     FIG. 7 is a transparent view of the elbow/outflow means 
     FIG. 8 is an elevation of the check ball 
     FIG. 9 is a transparent view of the check ball 
     FIG. 10 is a plan view of the spring wire clip 
     FIG. 11 is an elevation view of the spring wire clip 
     FIG. 12 is a top plan view of the spring 
     FIG. 13 is an elevation view of the spring 
     FIG. 14 is a bottom plan view of the spring 
     FIG. 15 is a plan view of the spout adapter 
     FIG. 16 is a cutaway view of the spout adapter 
     FIG. 17 is an elevation view of the spout with the spout adapter 
     FIG. 18 is a bottom plan view of the spout with the spout adapter 
     FIG. 19 is an elevation view of the piston 
     FIG. 19A is a cutaway view of the piston seal and o-ring 
     FIG. 20 is a bottom plan view of the piston 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The condiment pump has five assemblies: a pump means,  100 ; an inflow means,  200 ; an outflow means,  300 ; a spout assembly,  400 ; and a lid assembly,  500 . The overall arrangement of these assemblies may be seen in FIG.  1  and FIG.  4 . 
     The pump means,  100 , is comprised of a cylinder,  105 , which has a rod,  110 , disposed within it, and a spring,  125 , which biases the rod,  110 , in an upward position. The rod,  110 , has a detachable knob,  115 , at its upper end, and a piston seal,  117 , at its lower end. In FIG. 4 we see a plastic cylinder detachable limiting means,  130 , to be spread open and placed around the rod,  110 . The limiting means,  130 , limits the distance the rod,  110 , can travel vertically and thus restricts the volume of condiment which is dispensed with each stroke of the rod,  110 . The rod,  110 , and piston,  119 , are held within the cylinder,  105 , by a screw-on cap,  120 . The screw-on cap,  120 , also holds the lid assembly,  500 , against a ledge,  135 , which is machined into the top of the cylinder,  105 . FIG. 2 shows how the spring,  125 , attaches to the piston,  119 , and how the first check ball,  210 , attaches to the bottom of the spring,  125 . (See also FIG. 12,  13 , &amp;  14  for details of the spring,  125 .) 
     In FIG. 5 we see a more detailed view of the cylinder,  105 . The cylinder,  105 , has male threads,  106 , at its top end, and the inflow means,  200 , at its bottom end. 
     In FIG. 5 we also see a detailed view of the inflow means,  200 . The inflow means,  200 , is comprised of an inflow body,  205 , which has an inflow chamber,  215 , with a first valve means comprised of a first check ball,  210 , and a first annular seat,  217 , inside the inflow chamber,  215  (the first check ball,  210 , is removed from FIG. 5 for clarity but is visible in FIG. 1 to FIG.  4 ). This check ball,  210 , is a unique design with a slot,  211 , for attaching the check ball to the spring,  125 . The second check ball,  310 , is identical to the first check ball,  210 , and also has a slot,  311 , for attaching to the spout clip,  440 . 
     The inflow chamber,  215 , has a top opening,  220 , a side opening,  225 , and a bottom opening,  230 . The top opening,  220 , and the bottom opening,  230 , are parallel to each other with a mutual center line, and the side opening,  225 , has a center line which is perpendicular to the center line of the top and bottom openings,  220 , 230 . The bottom of the inflow body,  231 , is sized to make a pressure fit with a piece of plastic tubing,  235  (visible in FIG. 4) which comes in different lengths as needed for various condiment containers. The top opening,  220 , is sized so as to keep the spring,  125 , from entering the inflow chamber,  215 . The spring,  125 , has a closed end,  127 , at the bottom, see FIG. 14, which holds the first check ball,  210 , in place and prevents it from entering the cylinder. 
     The first annular seat,  217 , is disposed between the inflow chamber,  215 , and the bottom opening,  230 . The first annular seat,  217 , is sized to be smaller in diameter than the first check ball,  210 , and cut at an angle (an angle of approximately eighty-two degrees is ideal) so as to make a good seal with the first ball,  210 . When the condiment pump is full of fluid and the rod,  110 , is pushed down against the spring,  125 , the fluid in the cylinder,  105 , and inflow chamber,  215 , flow down against the first check ball,  210 , pushing the first check ball,  210 , against the annular seat,  217 , forming a seal which prevents fluid from flowing through the bottom opening,  230 , thereby forcing fluid through the side opening,  225 . 
     FIG.  6  and FIG. 7 show the outflow means,  300 , with an outflow body,  305 , having an outflow chamber,  315 , where the outflow chamber,  315 , has a second valve means comprised of a second check ball,  310  (not shown for clarity but visible in FIG.  1  and FIG.  4 ), and a second annular seat,  340 . At its upper end, the outflow body,  305 , has a L-slot pin receiving means,  330 , for receiving a pin. At its lower end, the outflow body,  305 , has an annular seat,  340 , which necks down to a lower orifice,  320 , which receives the upper end of a piece of elbow tubing,  325 . The elbow tubing is bent at an angle of approximately ninety degrees and is oriented so that the lower end of the elbow tubing,  325 , is pointed at an angle of one hundred and eighty degrees relative to the position of the L-slot pin receiving means,  330 . In this way, when the lower end of the elbow tubing,  325 , is inserted into the side hole,  225 , of the inflow body,  205 , the L-slot pin receiving means,  330 , will point directly away from the pump means,  100 . On each end, the elbow tubing,  325 , is sized for a pressure fit, although better results are obtained by welding the elbow tubing,  325 , in place, plus the weld fillet is more sanitary than a pressure fit only. There is a ledge,  331 , in the outflow body,  305 , that provides a stop for the o-ring,  435 , see FIG. 4, so that when the spout assembly,  400 , is inserted into the outflow body,  305 , the pin,  415 , stays engaged it in the L-slot,  330 , with upward pressure from the o-ring,  435 , compressed against the ledge,  331 . 
     Looking at FIGS. 10 &amp; 11, we see two views of the spring wire clip,  440 . The spring wire clip makes an arc of approximately three hundred and fifteen degrees in a first plane and then forms an arc of approximately one hundred and seventy degrees in a second plane where the first plane and second plane are perpendicular. 
     The spout assembly,  400 , is shown in FIGS. 15-18. FIGS. 17-18 show the completed spout assembly,  400 , while FIGS. 15-16 show the spout adapter,  410 , in detail. The spout,  405 , has a lower end,  470 , and a terminal end,  465 . The spout,  405 , has two curves,  455 ,  460 , which, together change the direction of the spout by approximately one hundred and eighty degrees from the lower end,  470 , to the terminal end,  465 . The lower end,  470 , is fitted with a spout adapter,  410 , preferably by means of a pressure fit with a weld. The spout adapter has an upper surface,  450 , and a lower surface,  446 . The lower surface,  446 , is machined to slightly reduce its overall diameter and to produce two slots,  425 ,  430 . The upper slot,  425  (FIG. 16 is shown sideways in the informal drawings), receives an o-ring,  435 , while the lower slot,  430 , detachably engages the spring wire clip,  440 . The lower end,  470 , is pressed into a hole,  445 , in the spout adapter,  410 , and may be welded in place. The spout adapter,  410 , has a pin hole,  420 , which engages the pin,  415 . 
     The spout,  405 , is oriented in the spout adapter,  410 , so that the pin,  415 , points toward the terminal end,  465 , of the spout,  405 . Accordingly, when the spout assembly,  400 , is inserted and rotated into the L-slot of the L-slot pin receiving means,  330 , the terminal end,  465 , of the spout,  405 , will point directly away from the pump means,  100 . 
     In FIGS. 19,  19 A, and  20 , we see detailed drawings of the piston seal,  117 , with o-ring,  118 , and piston,  119 . The piston,  119 , has a rod hole,  116 , into which the lower end of the rod,  110 , is inserted and held in place with a pressure fit and/or a weld. The piston should be oriented so that the second o-ring groove,  119 A, is disposed toward the bottom of the cylinder,  105 , and away from the knob,  115 . The piston seal,  117 , with its second o-ring,  1187 , are then placed over the piston,  119 , so that the second o-ring,  118 , fits into the second o-ring groove,  119 A. The piston,  119 , also has a groove,  121 , to hold the upper end,  126 , of the spring  125 , see FIGS. 12 and 13. 
     The cover assembly,  500 , is visible in FIG.  4  and FIG.  4 A. The cover assembly is comprised of a cover plate,  510 , with a spout orifice,  515 , and a pump orifice,  520 . The spout orifice is fitted with a rubber grommet,  595 . To place the cover assembly,  500 , on the condiment pump, the user would first unscrew the threaded cap,  120 , and revolve the rod,  110 . The user would then insert the spout,  405 , through the spout orifice,  515 , terminal end,  465 , first, until the cover was positioned so that the pump orifice,  520 , was resting on the ledge,  135 . The user would then place the rod,  110 , back into the cylinder,  105 , and then screw on the threaded cap,  120 . The pump orifice,  520 , is sized so that it is larger than the cylinder,  105 , but smaller than either the ledge,  135 , or the threaded cap,  120 . Accordingly, the ledge,  135 , and threaded cap,  120 , hold the cover plate,  510 , in place. The cover plate,  510 , in turn holds the spout assembly,  400 , in place, thus eliminating the need for the spout to be firmly attached to the cover itself. 
     The invention is used by placing the cover assembly,  500 , with the pump attached as described above, orver a condiment container or tub (usually made of stainless steel) which has an open top suitable for detachably engaging the cover assembly,  500 . The bottom of the pump is thus immersed in the condiment which allows the user to pump condiment by operating the pump. 
     All parts of the invention are stainless steel, with the following exceptions: the knob,  115 , made of plastic; the grommet,  525 , and o-rings,  435 , and  118 , made of rubber; and the piston seal,  117 , and optional tube,  235 , made of plastic. 
     Each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other types of methods differing from the type described above. While certain novel features of this invention have been shown and described and are pointed out in the annexed claims, it is not intended to be limited to the details above, because various omissions, modifications, substitutions and changes in the forms and details of the device illustrated and in its operation can be made by those skilled in the art without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention. 
     Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention.