Abstract:
An apparatus for forming fabrics for use, by way of example, in coverings for architectural openings includes a system for handling single or multi-layered fabrics by suspending the fabric from a lift tower, threading the fabric through various clamp systems within a housing for the apparatus, and subsequently forming horizontal rows of hobbles, tunnels, and/or attached rings by gripping and releasing the fabric with a vacuum clamp, upper and lower clamps, and a tucker blade clamp while a reciprocating tucker blade forms horizontal tucks in the fabric. The tucks which are selectively treated by forming a tunnel or attaching guide rings. Hobbles can also be formed in one layer of the fabric through use of the vacuum clamp which gathers a portion of one layer of the fabric while the other layer is handled differently. In doing so, hobbles are formed between tucks in the fabric with the hobbles establishing a fabric resembling a Roman shade.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/615,835 filed on Dec. 22, 2006, and is also related to U.S. application Ser. No. 11/615,854 filed on Dec. 22, 2006, which applications claim priority to U.S. provisional application No. 60/758,494 filed on Jan. 12, 2006. These applications are hereby incorporated by reference as if fully disclosed herein. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The present invention relates generally to an apparatus for sewing fabrics and attaching rings to fabrics wherein the fabrics are, for example, usable in coverings for architectural openings and more particularly to an apparatus that takes a single or multi-ply sheet of material and either forms hems, tunnels, hobbles, and/or attaches rings to the material so it is suitable for connection to a control system for a covering for an architectural opening.  
         [0004]     2. Description of the Relevant Art  
         [0005]     While early forms of coverings for architectural openings consisted principally of draped fabrics or fabrics which were gathered along a top edge so as to form drapery, in recent years designer window coverings have taken on many numerous forms. Included in those forms are coverings that utilize fabric that can be raised or lowered and gathered in the process wherein rings or other guide systems are incorporated into the fabric to slidably confine lift cords or the like. Further, in Roman shade type products, horizontal droops in the fabric, otherwise referred to as hobbles, might be formed in the fabric for aesthetics.  
         [0006]     While sewing machines have been used to form hobbles or attach rings to fabric, it was all hand operated with an operator literally moving and shifting the fabric as it was passed through an appropriate sewing machine for either stitching the fabric to provide hems or tunnels across the width of the fabric or to attach suitable guide rings.  
         [0007]     There has, accordingly, been a need in the industry for automating the fabrication of fabric for use in coverings for architectural openings or in the use of fabrics that might have other uses wherein stitching, hobbles, the attachment of rings, or the like, is a requisite.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0008]     The apparatus of the present invention includes a vertically oriented and adjustable lift rack to which a top edge of a fabric material can be secured with the remainder of the material hanging by gravity through a lower housing where clamps are utilized to control the fabric during operations thereon.  
         [0009]     A sewing carriage including a pair of tandem sewing machines having different capabilities are mounted together for movement in unison in a reciprocal path back and forth across the width of the fabric. One sewing machine is adapted to stitch the fabric from one side edge to the other while the other sewing machine is adapted to attach horizontally spaced rings to the fabric in a return movement of the sewing machines across the width of the fabric. When stitching the fabric, which might be a dual layer or dual panel fabric, the layers can be handled separately so that one layer might have hobbles formed therein while the other layer remains flat. Tunnels are also defined by the stitching in which rigidifying bars might be inserted. When forming tunnels and/or attaching guide rings to the fabric, a tucker blade is utilized to advance a horizontal section of the fabric into a position for engagement by the sewing machines with the tucker blade being retractable before stitching or the attachment of rings to the fabric. A vacuum chamber is also utilized in one embodiment to gather a horizontal segment of one layer of the fabric to form a hobble while the other layer is unaffected by the vacuum so that both layers can be stitched together with a hobble being formed in one layer. In a second embodiment, the hobble is formed by manipulating the layers with the lift rack.  
         [0010]     A lower releasable clamp in the first embodiment is positioned beneath the sewing machines and has three distinct positions with an open position permitting the free passage of at least a layer of material therethrough, a soft clamp position providing some resistance to movement of the fabric with brushes for removing lint wrinkles or the like from the fabric and a hard clamp position where the fabric can be positively gripped during a sewing operation.  
         [0011]     When the sewing machines have completed one operation of stitching, forming hobbles and/or sewing rings to the fabric, they are repositioned at a home position so the fabric can be elevated or dropped a predetermined amount, depending on the embodiment, for a repeat of the afore-described operation whereby vertically adjacent rows of hobbles, tunnels, rings, or the like, are formed in the fabric until the entire fabric has been treated. It can then be removed from the lift rack and is suitable for attachment to a control system for a covering for an architectural opening in which the fabric forms an integral part.  
         [0012]     Other aspects, features, and details of the present invention can be more completely understood by reference to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment, taken in conjunction with the drawings and from the appended claims. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0013]      FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic fragmentary isometric of the apparatus of the present invention.  
         [0014]      FIG. 2  is a front isometric of a fabric formed from the apparatus of  FIG. 1 .  
         [0015]      FIG. 3  is a rear isometric of the fabric shown in  FIG. 2 .  
         [0016]      FIG. 4  is an isometric similar to  FIG. 1  showing the sewing machines separated as they might be for maintenance purposes.  
         [0017]      FIG. 5  is a diagrammatic isometric of the apparatus illustrating a first step in treating a fabric.  
         [0018]      FIG. 6  is a diagrammatic isometric similar to  FIG. 5  showing a second step in the treatment of a fabric.  
         [0019]      FIG. 7  is a diagrammatic isometric similar to  FIG. 6  showing a third step in the treatment of a fabric.  
         [0020]      FIG. 8  is a diagrammatic isometric similar to  FIG. 7  showing a fourth step in the treatment of a fabric.  
         [0021]      FIG. 9  is a diagrammatic isometric similar to  FIG. 8  showing a fifth step in the treatment of a fabric.  
         [0022]      FIG. 10  is a diagrammatic isometric similar to  FIG. 9  showing a sixth step in the treatment of a fabric.  
         [0023]      FIG. 11  is a diagrammatic isometric similar to  FIG. 10  showing a seventh step in the treatment of a fabric.  
         [0024]      FIG. 12  is a diagrammatic isometric similar to  FIG. 11  showing an eighth step in the treatment of a fabric.  
         [0025]      FIG. 13  is an enlarged diagrammatic fragmentary section taken along line  13 - 13  of  FIG. 5 .  
         [0026]      FIG. 14  is an enlarged diagrammatic fragmentary section taken along line  14 - 14  of  FIG. 7 .  
         [0027]      FIG. 15  is a section similar to  FIG. 14  showing the vacuum chamber advanced into a clamping position with the fabric.  
         [0028]      FIG. 16  is a section similar to  FIG. 15  with the vacuum chamber having drawn the fabric thereinto.  
         [0029]      FIG. 17  is a section similar to  FIG. 16  with one layer of fabric having been gripped by a lower clamp and removed from the vacuum chamber.  
         [0030]      FIG. 18  is an enlarged diagrammatic section taken along line  18 - 18  of  FIG. 8 .  
         [0031]      FIG. 19  is a section similar to  FIG. 18  with the tucker blade having been tilted.  
         [0032]      FIG. 20  is an enlarged diagrammatic fragmentary section taken along line  20 - 20  of  FIG. 9 .  
         [0033]      FIG. 21  is an enlarged diagrammatic fragmentary section taken along line  21 - 21  of  FIG. 10 .  
         [0034]      FIG. 22  is a diagrammatic section similar to  FIG. 21  showing hobbles and rings having been formed in the fabric in a plurality of horizontal rows.  
         [0035]      FIG. 23  is an enlarged fragmentary section taken along line  23 - 23  of  FIG. 20 .  
         [0036]      FIG. 24  is a section taken along line  24 - 24  of  FIG. 23 .  
         [0037]      FIG. 25  is an enlarged fragmentary section taken along line  25 - 25  of  FIG. 21 .  
         [0038]      FIG. 26  is a fragmentary section taken along line  26 - 26  of  FIG. 25 .  
         [0039]      FIG. 27  is a section similar to  FIG. 25  showing the ring and fabric having been shifted for receipt of the sewing needle within the ring.  
         [0040]      FIG. 28  is a section taken along line  28 - 28  of  FIG. 27 .  
         [0041]      FIG. 29  is a fragmentary section taken along line  29 - 29  of  FIG. 14  showing the lower clamp in a soft clamping position.  
         [0042]      FIG. 30  is a section similar to  FIG. 29  showing the lower clamp in a full clamping position.  
         [0043]      FIG. 31  is a section similar to  FIG. 29  showing the lower clamp in an open position.  
         [0044]      FIG. 32  is a fragmentary section taken along line  32 - 32  of  FIG. 14 .  
         [0045]      FIG. 33  is a top plan view of the portion of the apparatus shown in  FIG. 32 .  
         [0046]      FIG. 34  is an enlarged fragmentary section taken along line  34 - 34  of  FIG. 32 .  
         [0047]      FIG. 35  is a fragmentary section taken along line  35 - 35  of  FIG. 26 .  
         [0048]      FIG. 36  is a section taken along line  36 - 36  of  FIG. 35 .  
         [0049]      FIG. 37  is a section similar to  FIG. 36  showing the ring clamp in an open position.  
         [0050]      FIG. 38  is a section taken along line  38 - 38  of  FIG. 14 .  
         [0051]      FIG. 39  is an enlarged fragmentary section similar to  FIG. 38  showing the drive mechanism for linearly translating the sewing machines with the view taken at the left end of the apparatus when the sewing machines are positioned at the left end.  
         [0052]      FIG. 40  is a fragmentary section similar to  FIG. 39  with the sewing machines positioned at their home position at the right end of the apparatus.  
         [0053]      FIG. 41  is an isometric of a second embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.  
         [0054]      FIG. 42  is a front isometric of a fabric formed from the apparatus of  FIG. 41  having hobbles formed on the front face thereof.  
         [0055]      FIG. 43  is a rear isometric of the panel shown in  FIG. 42  showing tucks and rings sewed to the panel.  
         [0056]      FIG. 44  is an isometric similar to  FIG. 41  showing the sewing machines separated as for maintenance purposes.  
         [0057]      FIG. 45  is a front isometric of the apparatus of  FIG. 41  with the upper edge of two sheets of fabric material anchored to lift towers of the apparatus in preparation for processing a fabric as viewed in  FIGS. 42 and 43 .  
         [0058]      FIG. 46  is an isometric similar to  FIG. 45  with the panels of fabric having been elevated by the lift towers prior to processing the fabric panels.  
         [0059]      FIG. 47  is an isometric similar to  FIG. 46  with the panels of fabric material having been dropped into a position for initial operation of the apparatus.  
         [0060]      FIG. 48  is an isometric similar to  FIG. 47  with the tucker blade having been advanced into the sheets of fabric material for forming a tuck in the material.  
         [0061]      FIG. 49  is an isometric similar to  FIG. 48  with the tucker blade having been removed from the fabric sheets and the ring sewing machine positioned for initiating an attachment stitch into the fold of the sheets of material.  
         [0062]      FIG. 50  is an isometric similar to  FIG. 49  with the ring sewing machine positioned to initiate a stitch into a ring for attachment to a fold in the sheets of material.  
         [0063]      FIG. 51  is an isometric similar to  FIG. 49  with a complete fabric having been formed showing the lift tower at its lowermost position.  
         [0064]      FIG. 52  is an isometric similar to  FIG. 51  with the lift tower having elevated the completed fabric.  
         [0065]      FIG. 53  is an enlarged section taken along line  53 - 53  of  FIG. 45 .  
         [0066]      FIG. 54  is an enlarged section taken along line  54 - 54  of  FIG. 46 .  
         [0067]      FIG. 55  is an enlarged section taken along line  55 - 55  of  FIG. 47 .  
         [0068]      FIG. 56  is an enlarged section taken along line  56 - 56  of  FIG. 48 .  
         [0069]      FIG. 57  is a section similar to  FIG. 56  with the stabilizing clamp having been energized.  
         [0070]      FIG. 58  is a section similar to  FIG. 57  with the stitching machine sewing a tuck into the sheets of material.  
         [0071]      FIG. 59  is a section similar to  FIG. 58  with the ring sewing machine positioned to initiate a stitch along a folded edge of the sheets of material.  
         [0072]      FIG. 60  is an enlarged section taken along line  60 - 60  of  FIG. 49 .  
         [0073]      FIG. 61  is an enlarged section taken along line  61 - 61  of  FIG. 60 .  
         [0074]      FIG. 62  is an enlarged section taken along line  62 - 62  of  FIG. 58 .  
         [0075]      FIG. 63  is a section taken along line  63 - 63  of  FIG. 62 .  
         [0076]      FIG. 64  is a section similar to  FIG. 61  where the ring sewing machine is positioned for sewing a ring to sheets of material that do not have a hobble but are merely formed with tucks to which rings are attached.  
         [0077]      FIG. 65  is a rear isometric showing a panel of fabric material having tucks and rings sewn thereto but with no hobbles.  
         [0078]      FIG. 66  is a section similar to  FIG. 64  wherein the ring sewing machine is positioned to sew a ring to the panels of fabric material where no tuck is formed in the material.  
         [0079]      FIG. 67  is a rear isometric showing a panel where rings are sewn to the panel but no tucks or hobbles are formed on the panel. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0080]     Looking first at a first embodiment of the invention shown in  FIGS. 1-40 , the apparatus  41  ( FIG. 1 ) can be seen to include a housing  42  on which a lift rack  44  is mounted. As will be described hereafter, the housing includes various components of the apparatus for handling fabric that is being treated while the lift rack supports an upper edge of the fabric and is vertically movable to raise or lower the fabric into or out of the housing. As seen in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , a completed fabric  46  which could be formed with the apparatus of the present invention is illustrated. It is shown to include a backing or rear layer  48  and a front layer  50  with the front layer secured to the backing layer along horizontal vertically spaced tucks  52  in the fabric in a manner whereby a plurality of vertically aligned horizontally disposed hobbles or droops  54  in the fabric are formed so the fabric resembles a Roman shade. A tunnel  56  can be formed along the top and bottom edges of the fabric for receipt of a stiffening bar (not seen) with the tunnel possibly being formed from two horizontal lines of stitching that are vertically spaced or by folding the edge and with one stitch forming a hemmed edge. The top tunnel would typically be formed in the fabric before the fabric is treated with the apparatus of the present invention. The top edge of the fabric is then supported in the lift rack  44  so the fabric is properly disposed for processing within the apparatus.  
         [0081]     The lift rack  44  consists of a pair of horizontally spaced vertically extending support towers  58  that are interconnected at their top ends to support a horizontal drive shaft  60  and a motor  62  for reversibly rotating the drive shaft. The lift towers have lift cords (not seen) disposed therein with the lift cords being operably connected to opposite ends of a vertically adjustable horizontally extending transverse lift bar  66  which is referred to hereafter as an upper clamp. Reversible rotation of the drive shaft raises or lowers the upper clamp for purposes to be described hereafter.  
         [0082]     The housing  42  includes a number of operative components which will be described hereafter and which are adapted to grip and manipulate a virgin fabric  68  ( FIGS. 5-9 ) to properly position the fabric so that one or both of a pair of sewing machines  70  and  72  mounted on the housing for reciprocal horizontal translating movement can direct sewing operations to the fabric in a preselected manner.  
         [0083]     One of the sewing machines  70  is provided to stitch horizontal lines in the fabric while the other  72  is provided to attach guide rings  74  ( FIGS. 3, 21 ,  22  and  25 - 28 ) commonly found in certain coverings for architectural openings such as Roman Shades. Both sewing machines are conventional for their intended purpose and will therefore only be described broadly hereafter with specific regard to their operation and relationship to the fabric being treated.  
         [0084]     The apparatus is designed to treat virgin fabric  68  in several different ways so the fabric can be formed with a plurality of hobbles  54 , a plurality of guide rings  74  attached thereto, a plurality of horizontal tunnels  56  on the front or rear of the fabric, and various combinations of the above. The treatments are accomplished in one continuous operation of the apparatus.  
         [0085]     The apparatus is controlled through a conventional computer control module  76  that energizes various pumps, motors, and pneumatic pistons for achieving the various operations performed by the apparatus on the fabric. A detailed description of the software for driving the control module will not be described herein but suffice it to say the various operating mechanisms in the apparatus are controlled from the module and with an appropriate computer-controlled system.  
         [0086]     The sewing machines  70  and  72  are mounted on two interconnected halves  78  and  80 , respectively, of a sewing machine carriage  82  with the halves typically being interconnected so the sewing machines move in unison but can be separated as shown in  FIG. 4  for individual maintenance of the machines. One sewing machine  70  in the preferred embodiment is a walking foot/needle feed lock stitch machine used to stitch the fabric in a manner to become clear hereafter and might be for example a Seiko SSH-88LDC-DTFL machine manufactured by Seiko of Japan. The other machine  72  in the preferred embodiment is a conventional button sewing machine which might be for example a Pfaff 3307 button or ring-stitching machine manufactured by Pfaff of Belgium. The ring-stitching machine, while normally being used for sewing buttons, can sew rings of the type used as guide rings  74  on fabrics for coverings for architectural openings wherein the rings are retained in a hopper (not seen) on the machine and fed to the sewing head where they are connected to the fabric. It is not important which of the two sewing machines is on the right or on the left as they both move in unison across the entire width of the fabric being treated.  
         [0087]     The interconnected halves  78  and  80  of the carriage  82  for the sewing machines  70  and  72  are mounted on a horizontally disposed linear bearing or guide track  84  for reciprocal horizontal movement as the carriage, with the sewing machines thereon, is reversibly translated across the width of the housing  42 . The sewing machines on the carriage are typically stationed at a home position at the right end of the apparatus as viewed in  FIG. 1  and during one operation on a virgin fabric  68 , the carriage translates to the left for a stitching operation and then back to the right for a ring attaching operation where it remains in its home position until another row of operations is performed on the fabric. Movement of the carriage is accomplished with a tensioned timing belt  86  as best appreciated by reference to  FIGS. 1 and 38 - 40 , which is anchored to the housing  42  at opposite ends with fixed brackets  88 . One of the carriage halves  78  has a motor (not seen) that reversibly drives a gear wheel  90  in operative engagement with the timing belt with the timing belt passing across idler pulleys  92  on opposite sides of the driven gear wheel. It can therefore be appreciated that rotation of the gear wheel in one direction causes the carriage  82  to translate linearly in one direction across the apparatus and rotation of the gear wheel in the opposite direction causes the carriage to translate linearly in the opposite direction so it can be moved from one side of the apparatus  41  to the other at predetermined and/or intermittent speeds.  
         [0088]      FIGS. 5-12  illustrate diagrammatically the various steps that can be applied to a virgin fabric  68  with the apparatus  41  of the present invention in forming a completed fabric  46  of the type illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 3 . The completed fabric in the example shown includes a plurality of horizontal hobbles or loops  54  formed in vertically adjacent rows on the front layer of the fabric ( FIG. 2 ) and a plurality of horizontally extending vertically spaced tucks  52  having horizontally spaced guide rings  74  secured thereto formed on the rear layer  48  of the fabric as seen in  FIG. 3 . Looking first at  FIG. 5 , a virgin fabric consisting of two layers of sheet material that have been pretreated to form a tunnel  56  along a top edge thereof with a rigidifying slat (not seen) possibly inserted therein is clamped to the upper clamp  66 . The upper clamp includes a pair of horizontal bars  94  and  96  that can be clamped together or released. In the released position, the top edge of the virgin fabric  68  can be inserted between the bars and in the clamped position releasably secured between the bars. While the fabric could be positioned at any place across the width of the upper clamp, if in fact the fabric were narrower than the width of the lift rack  44  as illustrated, it is preferably positioned along one side edge (illustrated as the right side edge) for a purpose to be more clear hereafter.  
         [0089]     After the virgin fabric  68  is secured to the upper clamp  66 , the upper clamp is elevated with the motor  62  and drive shaft  60  to the position of  FIG. 6  so the fabric is substantially vertically suspended with its lower edge at the top of the housing  42 . The upper clamp is then lowered and depending upon the operations to be applied to the virgin fabric, the two layers of the fabric can be maintained together or separated so as to straddle various components within the housing. Once the layers of the fabric are positioned for the operations to be applied thereto within the housing, the upper clamp is lowered to an initial operative position shown in  FIG. 7 . Thereafter, a hobble  54  is formed in the front layer  50  and a reciprocating horizontally disposed tucker blade  98 , which will be described in more detail later, which is normally in a retracted position adjacent to the front layer of the fabric, is advanced as shown in  FIG. 18  to form a tuck  52  off the rear of the fabric on which the sewing machines  70  and  72  can operate. The tuck in the fabric is then gripped with a tuck clamp  100  (to be described later) and the tucker blade retracted so a first operation of the sewing machines as shown in  FIG. 9  can be initiated with the sewing machines translating from their home position at the right end of the apparatus  41  to the left end of the apparatus. As shown in  FIG. 10 , a subsequent pass of the sewing machines from the left end of the apparatus back to their home position allows one of the sewing machines to perform a separate operation. For example, in the fabric  46  illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 3  where both hobbles  54  and guide rings  74  are applied to the fabric, the movement from the home position to the left as shown in  FIG. 9  would be used to form a horizontal stitch with one of the sewing machines  70  along the tuck to hold the two layers of material in the tuck together and the reverse movement of the sewing carriage  82 , as shown in  FIG. 10 , would be used for attaching the guide rings with the other sewing machine  72  along the edge of the tuck. After one such operation, one row of a tunnel  56 , defined by a tuck, with its associated guide rings is completed along with a hobble and at that time, the upper clamp  66  is elevated a predetermined distance, i.e. the height of a hobble, and the operation is repeated. By repeating the operation a new row is formed and the upper clamp is again elevated a predetermined amount as shown in  FIG. 11  until the entire fabric  46  has been completed as illustrated in  FIG. 12 .  
         [0090]     Referring to  FIG. 13 , which is a vertical section through the apparatus  41  with the layers  48  and  50  of virgin fabric having been connected to the apparatus as shown in  FIG. 5  with the upper clamp  66 , the internal working components of the apparatus are shown diagrammatically. It will there be seen beneath the upper clamp is the tuck clamp  100  that includes an elongated horizontally disposed generally U-shaped rail  101  extending the width of the apparatus and connected to a pair of pneumatic cylinders  102  mounted at opposite ends of the rail with mounting brackets  104  on the rear face of the rail. A lower edge of the rail carries a beveled strip  106  supporting a spring steel upper clamp jaw  108  with a gripping edge of material  110  secured on its lower face along a distal edge thereof. The pneumatic cylinders  102  are operative to raise or lower the rail and the upper clamp jaw in a manner such that in a lowered position of the tuck clamp, as seen for example in  FIG. 19 , the upper clamp jaw engages a tuck  52  of material and presses the material against a platen  112  with a gripping upper surface mounted vertically therebeneath on the housing  42 . In the normal elevated position of the tuck clamp, a space is defined between the upper clamp jaw and the platen through which a tuck in the fabric can be advanced for proper positioning relative to the sewing machine carriage  82  as will be discussed later.  
         [0091]     In horizontal opposing relationship to the tuck clamp rail  101  and positioned horizontally between the pneumatic cylinders  102  and beneath a support plate  114  in the housing is a vacuum clamp  116 . The vacuum clamp includes an elongated horizontally disposed plenum  118  where a low pressure is maintained and a horizontally aligned elongated vacuum chamber  120  communicating with the plenum and having a horizontal slot-like opening  122  in a front wall  124  thereof facing the tuck clamp rail. While the opening  122  extends the full length of the vacuum chamber, an extendable closure tape  126  ( FIGS. 32-34 ) is mounted at one end of the chamber to be selectively extended across a portion of the chamber to close a portion of the opening if the fabric is not wide enough to cover the entire length of the opening. The plenum and vacuum chamber are reciprocally mounted on the plungers  128  of a second pair of pneumatic cylinders  130  secured to the support plate  114  so that when the plungers for the cylinders are extended, the front wall  124  of the vacuum chamber is advanced into engagement with the tuck clamp rail  101 . Of course, retraction of the vacuum chamber with a retraction of the plungers  128  of the second pair of pneumatic cylinders  102  withdraws the chamber and moves it to the left as viewed in  FIG. 13  so as to define a space between the rail of the tuck clamp and the vacuum chamber. The plenum for the vacuum chamber is connected with a conventional conduit to a selectively operable vacuum pump  132  positioned within the housing.  
         [0092]     The tucker blade  98  is a horizontal elongated blade of thin profile extending the full width of the apparatus  41  and mounted on a horizontal support plate  133  secured to the rack  134  of a rack and pinion reciprocal drive system  136  ( FIG. 13 ). The pinion  138  of the drive system is reversibly driven by a motor (not seen). Obviously, rotation of the pinion in one direction drives the rack and the tucker blade horizontally to the right as viewed in  FIG. 13  into an extended position as seen in  FIG. 18  while rotation of the pinion in the opposite direction retracts the tucker blade to its retracted position of  FIG. 13 . In the extended position shown in  FIG. 18 , it is extended between the upper clamp jaw  108  and platen  112  of the tuck clamp  100  with the front elongated edge  140  of the tucker blade being positioned beyond the tuck clamp immediately adjacent to the sewing carriage  82 . The horizontal support plate  132  on which the tucker blade is mounted is supported on a lever arm  142  pivotal about a pivot shaft  144  by a pair of low-pressure pneumatic cylinders  145  which could in fact be a gas spring even though in the disclosed embodiment it is a pneumatic cylinder carrying low pressure. The pneumatic cylinders are therefore adapted to pivot the lever arm and thus the tucker blade about the pivot shaft for a purpose to become clear hereafter.  
         [0093]     A lower clamp  146  is positioned beneath the tucker blade  98  at an elevation also beneath the platen  112 . The lower clamp has a horizontally movable vertically disposed bar  148  that supports pairs of large  150  and small  152  pneumatic cylinders which are probably best appreciated by reference to  FIGS. 29-31 . The movable vertically disposed bar confronts a second vertically disposed bar  154  that is fixedly mounted on a vertically movable support plate  156 . The fixedly mounted bar has an upper horizontal rearwardly directed brush  158  with a plurality of flexible bristles that overlaps a similar elongated horizontally disposed brush  160  mounted on the movable bar  148 . The lower clamp is a three-position clamp and movable between an open position as shown in  FIG. 31  wherein the brushes  158  and  160  are not vertically overlapping but rather define a vertical passage therebetween, a soft closed position as shown in  FIG. 29  where the brushes partially overlap as seen for example in  FIG. 13  as well as  FIG. 29  and a fully closed clamping position as shown in  FIG. 30  where the lower brush  160  carried by the movable bar is engaged against the fixed bar  154 .  
         [0094]     The plungers  162  of the large cylinders  150  are secured at their distal end to the fixed bar  154  such that extension of the plungers causes the movable bar  148  to retract or move to the left relative to the fixed bar and retraction of the cylinders causes the movable bar to move to the right toward the fixed bar. The plungers  164  on the small cylinders  152  merely extend into the space between the fixed and movable bars regardless of whether or not they are extended or retracted.  
         [0095]     To move the lower clamp  146  between its three positions, and again with reference to  FIGS. 29-30 , in the open position of  FIG. 31 , the large pneumatic cylinder plungers  162  are fully extended so as to fully separate the two bars  148  and  154  and the brushes  158  and  160  mounted thereon to define a vertical gap between the brushes. The plungers  164  of the smaller cylinders  152  are also fully extended but non-engaging with the fixed bar  154  due to their relatively short length. To move the clamp to the soft clamping position of  FIG. 29 , the large cylinder plungers are retracted to pull the movable bar toward the fixed bar until the plungers of the small cylinders engage the fixed bar to fix the spacing between the movable and fixed bars of the lower clamp. To move the lower clamp to its fully closed and full clamping position of  FIG. 30 , the plungers on the small cylinders are fully retracted as are the plungers on the large cylinders so the lower brush  160  on the movable bar closely approaches the fixed bar in which position the fabric can be positively gripped for purposes to be described hereafter. A positive grip is best established with a horizontal channel member  166  ( FIG. 19 ) opening off the face of the movable bar  148  and a fixed leg  168  with gripping pads  170  on the fixed bar with the leg being inserted into the channel when the clamp is fully closed.  
         [0096]     The fixed bar  154 , as mentioned previously, is mounted on the support plate  156  that is of L-shaped configuration and itself vertically reciprocably mounted on another pair of pneumatic cylinders  172 , which can elevate the fixed bar and movable bar  148  of the lower clamp  146  to the position of  FIG. 13 , for example, or lower the fixed and lower bars of the lower clamp to the position of  FIG. 17 .  
         [0097]     Also provided within the housing  42  near the bottom thereof are a pair of support rods  174  that support a flexible cradle  176  of any suitable material in which the virgin fabric  68  can gather when the upper clamp  66  is lowered to the position of  FIG. 5 , for example. In fact, with reference to  FIG. 14 , a virgin fabric  68  is shown in the position of  FIG. 5  and is gathered in the cradle from which it can be removed as the upper clamp is raised during processing of the fabric.  
         [0098]     Referring to  FIG. 14 , the apparatus  41  is postured for forming a fabric  46  of the type shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3  with hobbles  54  and guide loops  74  and for such a fabric, when the upper clamp  66  is lowered to the position of  FIG. 5 , the rear layer  48  of the fabric is threaded through the lower clamp  146 , as shown in  FIG. 14 , and the front layer  50  of the fabric is passed on the rear side of the movable bar  148  of the lower clamp so as to bypass the lower clamp. As will be appreciated from the description herein, the reference to the layers of the fabric as front  50  and rear  48  layers, for illustrative purposes, is the reverse of the reference to the parts of the apparatus since the fabric is mounted in the apparatus with its front layer facing the rear of the apparatus. It will also be appreciated in the positioning of the fabric in  FIG. 14 , both layers of the fabric pass freely past the tuck clamp  100  and the vacuum clamp  116  and will also slide through the lower clamp even though the lower clamp is in its soft-clamping position with the rear layer of the fabric engaging the upper and lower brushes  158  and  160  of the lower clamp.  
         [0099]     Referring to  FIG. 15 , when forming the fabric  46  of  FIGS. 2 and 3 , having both hobbles  54  and guide loops  74 , the first step in the operation is to grip the virgin fabric  68  with the vacuum clamp  116  so the fabric is pinched between the vacuum chamber  120  and the tucker rail  101 . The closure tape  126  can be pulled across the opening in the front wall of the vacuum chamber from the left edge of the opening to the left edge of the fabric to maintain adequate vacuum in the chamber. A vacuum is then drawn by energizing the vacuum pump  132  which pulls both layers of fabric into the vacuum chamber as seen in  FIG. 16  as the upper clamp  66  is lowered to provide more fabric to the vacuum clamp. Typically, in a fabric of this type, the front layer  50  is less porous than the rear layer  48  so the vacuum is more effective on the front layer but there is enough vacuum to draw both layers into the vacuum chamber.  
         [0100]     With both layers  48  and  50  of the fabric drawn a predetermined amount into the vacuum chamber  120 , which is permitted by the top clamp  66  being lowered a predetermined amount, the lower clamp  146  is moved into its full clamping position as shown in  FIG. 17  so the rear layer of the fabric is fully gripped by the lower clamp but the front layer is free to move up or down. Thereafter, as also seen in  FIG. 17 , the vacuum clamp  116  is withdrawn and simultaneously the lower clamp is lowered which pulls the rear layer of the fabric out of the vacuum chamber so it is relatively straight while the front layer still forms a loop within the vacuum chamber which will ultimately form a hobble  54  in the fabric.  
         [0101]     Subsequently, as shown in  FIG. 18 , the tucker blade  98  is advanced with the rack and pinion system  136  while the tucker blade is in a horizontal orientation which forces both layers  48  and  50  of the fabric between the upper clamp jaw  108  and the platen  112  of the tuck clamp  100  thereby forming a tuck  52  in both layers of the fabric. Before the tucker blade is advanced, however, the lower clamp  146  is moved to its soft clamp position of  FIG. 18  so the rear layer of the fabric is drawn through and across the lower clamp and across the brushes  158  and  160  to remove lint and any wrinkles while the front layer of the fabric, which is freely hanging can be moved therewith. When advancing the tucker blade in this manner, it will be appreciated that since both layers of the fabric are gripped by the vacuum clamp  116 , even though only the front layer  50  is drawn into the vacuum chamber  120 , all of the material is fed upwardly from below the tucker blade and therefore the material slides slightly across the leading edge  140  of the tucker blade  98 . If a hobble  54  was not being formed in the fabric during this step, the vacuum clamp would remain in a retracted position and there would be no loop or hobble of the front layer of fabric in the vacuum chamber. Rather, both layers would be in adjacent side-by-side relationship and by lowering the upper clamp as the tucker blade is advancing, equal amounts of material can be pulled downwardly from above the tucker blade as pulled upwardly from below the tucker blade to avoid having to draw the material across the leading edge of the tucker blade which minimizes any opportunity for damage to the fabric.  
         [0102]     Referring to  FIG. 19 , with the tucker blade  98  in the position of  FIG. 18 , the tuck clamp  100  is lowered so the tuck  52  of fabric with the tucker blade therein is clamped between the upper clamp jaw  108  and the platen  112  of the tuck clamp and due to the bevel or inclination of the upper clamp jaw of the tuck clamp, the tucker blade is tilted which is permitted by pivoting of its support plate  132  about the pivot shaft  144  which is further permitted by the low pressure in the pneumatic cylinders  144  or if the pneumatic cylinders were replaced with a gas spring it would be permitted by the gas spring through minimal resistance to such pivotal movement.  
         [0103]     The tucker blade  98  is coated with Teflon® or another low-friction material so that once the tuck  52  in the material has been gripped by the tuck clamp  100 , the tucker blade can be easily withdrawn, as shown in  FIG. 20 , leaving the tuck of fabric positioned between the upper clamp jaw  108  and platen  112  of the tuck clamp. The low-friction coating of the tucker blade allows easy sliding removal of the tucker blade even though the tuck of fabric is positively gripped and held in position.  
         [0104]     In the position of  FIG. 20 , the sewing machine carriage  82  is energized so as to translate from the rest position at the right of the apparatus  41  to the left side of the apparatus and as it is making this pass, the stitching sewing machine  70  is activated while the ring-attaching sewing machine  72  is deactivated. The tuck  52  in material, as can be seen in  FIGS. 20 and 23 , is aligned with the stitching needle  178  so that as the sewing machine carriage is advanced or translated across the apparatus, a stitch  180  ( FIG. 23 ) is formed in the fabric at a spaced parallel location from the fold  182  at the edge of the tuck. This establishes a tunnel  56  in the tuck between the stitching and the folded edge of the tuck in which a reinforcing bar (not shown) can be placed if desired.  
         [0105]     After the stitch  180  has been formed and the carriage  82  is at the left side of the apparatus, the carriage is then driven to the right. The stitching machine  70  is deactivated and the ring-attaching sewing machine  72  is activated to attach rings  74  at predetermined spaced locations along the width of the fabric and along the folded edge  182  of the tuck  52 . The spacing of the rings is predetermined depending upon the number of rings desired per width of the fabric and this can all be calculated and computed within the control module.  
         [0106]     As mentioned previously, the ring-attaching machine  72  is a conventional button sewing machine which includes a hopper (not seen) for a plurality of buttons or rings  74  and a ramp  184  ( FIG. 21 ) that might vibrate for example that confines a string of rings on a downward sliding path from the hopper to a linearly reciprocating ring gripper  186  as shown in FIGS.  21 ,  25 - 28 , and  35 - 37 . In the Pfaff ring-stitching machine used in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the sewing needle  178  on the head of the sewing machine  72  reciprocates up and down at a predetermined position but it is desired to stitch across one edge of a ring  74  so that some of the stitches are outside the ring and others are inside the ring so the ring is positively attached to the folded edge  182  of the tuck  52 . In order to establish the stitching across the ring, the ring gripper reciprocates forwardly and rearwardly shoving the ring and the edge of the fabric into one position for allowing the sewing needle to establish a stitch  188  ( FIG. 27 ) within the ring and then retracting the ring which allows the folded edge to also return therewith so the folded edge of the material is aligned with the needle. Accordingly, the next stitch  188  can go through the folded edge of the fabric. By repeating this operation, a predetermined number of threads secure an edge of the ring to the folded edge of the tuck. Thereafter, the ring-attaching machine is moved linearly toward its rest position until it is stopped by the control module at a location where the next ring is to be attached and the ring is attached at that location in the same manner.  
         [0107]     With reference to  FIGS. 25-28  and  35 - 37 , the ring clamp or gripper  186  has two spaced arms  190  with the distance between the spaced arms being adjustable in the Pfaff sewing machine so that in a gripping position shown in  FIGS. 25-28 ,  35  and  36 , the ring  74  is positively held so it can be advanced or retracted for desired alignment with the sewing needle  178 . After the ring has been attached to the tuck  52 , the arms of the ring clamp are retracted as shown in  FIG. 37  and the ring clamp itself retracted so the sewing machine can be linearly advanced toward home base and once reaching its next position of attachment for a ring, the arms  190  receive the next ring in line which is dropped therebetween so it too can be gripped and handled as described previously.  
         [0108]     As will be appreciated from the above, with one complete reciprocal pass of the sewing carriage  82  across the width of the fabric and back, a tunnel  56  can be formed along the edge of the fabric securing the tuck  52  and rings  74  can be attached at predetermined spaced locations to the tuck. On the opposite face or front layer  50  of the fabric, a hobble  54  is formed during the same operation as a loop of the front layer was confined during the operations within the vacuum chamber  120 . Accordingly, a hobble, tunnel and associated rings forming one row of the fabric are established each time the sewing carriage passes through a reciprocating path back and forth across the width of the fabric. After a row has been formed, the upper clamp  66  can be elevated a predetermined distance corresponding to the desired height of a hobble for another identical subsequent operation until a complete fabric  46  has been formed as shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3 . Once formed, the fabric is simply removed from the upper clamp where it is ready for incorporation into a control system for the architectural covering in which it is to be incorporated.  
         [0109]     It will be appreciated from the above that by selecting various operations, a fabric  46  with hobbles  54  and guide rings  74  can be formed as described above or a one or more layer fabric can be formed with simply the guide rings by leaving the vacuum clamp  116  in an inoperative or retracted position so the hobbles are not formed. If tucks were desired with rings, both the stitching and ring attaching sewing machines would be used but if no tucks were desired in the finished fabric, a stitch would not be placed in the tuck established by the tucker blade but only rings would be attached at the folded edge established by the tucker blade. Similarly, if the rings were not desired for a fabric but the hobbles were, then the operation would be as described above except in the return path of the sewing carriage  82 , the ring-attaching sewing machine  72  would not be activated so a fabric would be formed with only hobbles.  
         [0110]     If only tunnels  56  were desired for the fabric, the vacuum clamp  116  would again be deactivated or retained in its withdrawn position and the two layers  48  and  50  of the fabric would be handled together with both layers passing through the lower clamp  146  but other than this distinction, the formation of horizontal tunnels at vertically spaced locations would follow the above procedure. Again, however, only the stitching machine  70  would be operative and the ring-attaching machine  72  would be deactivated so that tucks  52  and tunnels were formed off the rear of the fabric along parallel vertically spaced lines. Of course, if the tunnels were desired on the front of the fabric, the virgin fabric  68  could be reversed in the upper clamp  66  so the tunnels were formed on the front of the fabric rather than the rear.  
         [0111]     Clearly from the various options available with the apparatus, fabric for different types of coverings for architectural openings can be made automatically. Further, varying widths of fabrics can be handled up to the spacing of the lift towers on the lift rack.  
         [0112]     The second embodiment  200  of the apparatus of the invention is shown in  FIGS. 41-67 . This embodiment of the invention is somewhat similar to the previously described embodiment and accordingly, where appropriate, like parts have been given like reference numerals.  
         [0113]     In the second embodiment, the vacuum clamp  116  of the first embodiment has been removed and replaced with a stabilizing clamp  202  so there is no longer a vacuum chamber  120  into which fabric is drawn when forming a hobble. Further, there is no lower clamp  146 . In addition, there are two lift racks  44   f  and  44   r  that are identical except the rear rack  44   r  is higher than the front rack  44   f . The remainder of the apparatus is identical to the first-described embodiment including the sewing machines  70  and  72  and their mounting on a sewing machine carriage  82 . The tucker blade  98  is identical to that of the first-described embodiment and operates in the same manner so as to cooperate with the tuck clamp  100  and the sewing machines in forming tucks  52  and/or attaching rings  74  to the fabric. In the second embodiment to be described hereafter, the hobbles  54  are formed in a different manner since the vacuum system used for forming hobbles in the first embodiment has been removed.  
         [0114]     The two lift racks  44   f  and  44   r , as mentioned, are identical to each other and to the lift rack  44  of the first embodiment except the lift rack  44   r  is slightly taller than the lift rack  44   f  as can be seen in  FIG. 41 .  
         [0115]     With reference to  FIG. 53 , the stabilizing clamp  202  can be seen to have replaced the vacuum clamp  116  of the first-described embodiment and includes a gripping head  204  for compressing engagement with the fabric to hold the fabric against the U-shaped rail  101 . The stabilizing clamp head is reciprocated with the pneumatic cylinder  130  in the same manner of operation as in the first-described embodiment. Similarly, the tuck clamp  100  is opened and closed through the use of the same pneumatic cylinder  102  which raises and lowers the upper clamp jaw  108  into and out of engagement with the lower clamp jaw or platen  112 . Also, the tucker blade  98  is again reciprocated in a horizontal plane with the rack and pinion reciprocal drive system  136 .  
         [0116]     In initially describing the operation of the second embodiment of the apparatus, it will be described in connection with the fabrication of a fabric  46  as illustrated in  FIG. 42  wherein a back or backing sheet of material  206  and a front sheet  208  are interconnected and horizontal hobbles  54  are formed in vertically spaced relationship with each other on the front sheet by forming loops of the front sheet material and securing the looped sheet material of the front sheet to the rear sheet. In accordance with the second embodiment of the invention, the front and rear sheets of material that are sewn together with the apparatus of the invention are pre-treated as in the first described embodiment by sewing a lower edge of the sheets of material together preferably defining a hem  210  in which a weighted bottom rail or ballast bar  212  can be inserted. The back sheet  206 , which lies toward the front of the machine, is shorter than the front sheet  208  as can be seen, for example, in  FIG. 46 , and is clamped along its upper edge to an upper clamp  66  on the front lift rack  44   f . The upper edge of the front sheet is attached to the upper clamp  66  associated with the rear lift rack  44   r . This can be done with both lift racks being lowered as shown in  FIG. 45  where the clamps are readily accessible to an operator.  
         [0117]     After the top edges of the front  208  and back  206  sheets are attached to the associated upper clamps  66  of the lift racks, the lift racks are elevated as shown in  FIG. 46  so the sheets are vertically suspended in abutting face-to-face relationship with each other with the longer front sheet extending above the shorter back sheet. The lower edges of the sheets, of course, are coincident with the weighted bottom rail  212  retaining the sheets in a fully-extended condition and with the bottom edges slightly above the housing  42  of the apparatus.  
         [0118]     To begin forming the fabric of  FIG. 42 , the bottom rail at the bottom edges of the front and back sheets of material is dropped below the tucker blade  98  a predetermined amount as shown, for example, in  FIG. 55 . It will also be appreciated the front sheet  208 , which appears on the left in  FIG. 5 , has been dropped slightly further than the back sheet  206  with the difference in dropped distance being equivalent to the height desired for a hobble  54  that will be formed in the finished fabric. For example, if a hobble is to be four inches in depth from top to bottom, the front sheet will be dropped four inches further than the back sheet so as to form a loop  214  for the first hobble to be formed in the fabric. With the sheets of material positioned as shown in  FIG. 55 , the tucker blade is advanced as shown in  FIG. 56 a  predetermined distance so as to form a tuck  52  in the fabric of a predetermined depth. As the tucker blade is being advanced, the upper clamps  66  for both the front and back sheets of material are lowered a corresponding amount to the depth of the tucks while the bottom rail is lifted that same amount so the fabric does not slide around the leading edge  140  of the tucker blade but rather both sheets of fabric are pulled down and up equivalent amounts as the tucker blade forms the horizontal tuck. After the tuck has been formed, the upper jaw  108  of the tucker clamp is lowered by the pneumatic cylinder  102  until the upper jaw clamps the tucked sheets of material and the tucker blade between the upper jaw and the platen  112 . After the tuck is secured with the tuck clamp  100 , the stabilizing clamp  202  is advanced into engagement with the fabric having the rail  101  as the backing plate by activating the pneumatic cylinder  130 . The stabilizing clamp thereby grips the fabric and stabilizes the fabric so there is no movement in the fabric above the tucker blade when the tucker blade is withdrawn as shown in  FIG. 58 .  
         [0119]     With the tucker blade  98  withdrawn, as shown in  FIG. 58 , the stitching sewing machine  70  ( FIGS. 62 and 63 ) commences it traverse along the width of the sheets of material so as to sew a seam in the fabric defining a tuck or tunnel  52  to the right of the seam between the stitching and the folded edge of the sheets of material. After the seam has been sewn across the entire width of the sheets of material, the ring attaching sewing machine  72  is positioned as shown in  FIG. 59  above the tuck in the sheets of material so it can initially place a stitch through the folded edge of the sheets of material as shown in  FIG. 60  and then after withdrawing the needle  178 , the first ring  74 , which has been positioned for attachment to the sheets of material, is advanced beneath the needle, as described with the first embodiment, so the needle&#39;s next stitch goes through the open center of the ring and by reciprocating the ring back and forth along with the folded edge of the sheets of material in synchronization with reciprocation of the needle, the ring is attached to the folded edge. It should also be appreciated that a hobble or loop  54  has been formed in the front sheet  208  of material during this process, which was initially set up by lowering the front sheet a greater distance than the back sheet  206  prior to the stitching operations.  
         [0120]     The above process is repeated as many times as is necessary to complete a fabric  46  of the size desired.  
         [0121]     If it were not desired to form hobbles  54  in the fabric, but rather to simply sew rings  74  to a tuck  52  to form a fabric panel  216  as shown in  FIG. 65 , when the front  208  and rear  206  sheets of material were first dropped into position, as shown in  FIG. 55 , the front and rear sheets would be dropped equivalent distances rather than dropping the front sheet a greater distance than the rear sheet. Accordingly, no loops or hobbles would be formed in the front sheet. This is illustrated in  FIG. 64  and it will be appreciated the tucks are formed and sewn identically to that previously described as are the rings.  
         [0122]     If it were desired to attach rings to a fabric panel  218 , as shown in  FIG. 67  with no tucks, the tuck would be formed with the tucker blade  98 , as previously described, but the stitching previously described as being applied with the first sewing machine  70  would not be applied. Rather, only rings would be attached with the ring attaching machine  72  to the formed but not sewn tuck, as shown in  FIG. 66 . Accordingly, when the formed but not sewn tuck is released from the tuck clamp  100 , it will be appreciated a ring has been attached to the sheets of material, but there is no tuck in the material.  
         [0123]     These different forms of fabric which can be made with the second embodiment of the machine of the present invention are similar to those made with the first embodiment with the primary distinction being in the manner in which the hobbles are formed.  
         [0124]     Although the present invention has been described with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood the disclosure has been made by way of example and changes in detail or structure may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.