Abstract:
An object of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting device having a temperature compensation function implemented with simple circuitry, and a method of temperature compensation in such a light-emitting device. More specifically, the invention provides a light-emitting device and a method of temperature compensation using a light-emitting device, wherein the light-emitting device includes a substrate, a first LED chip which is arranged on the substrate, and which has a characteristic such that Δx and Δy, each representing an amount of displacement on an xy chromaticity diagram, both are negative as temperature rises, and a second LED chip which is arranged on the substrate, and which has a characteristic such that Δx and Δy, each representing an amount of displacement on an xy chromaticity diagram, both are positive as temperature rises.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a new U.S. patent application that claims benefit of JP2013-014258, filed on Jan. 29, 2013, the entire content of JP2013-014258 is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a light-emitting device and a method for compensating for chromaticity of the light-emitting device. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Light-emitting devices are known in which a driver IC for driving light-emitting elements incorporates a temperature compensation circuit so that the light-emission intensity and chromaticity characteristics of many light-emitting elements can be easily maintained constant and uniform despite changes in temperature (for example, refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-135007). 
     However, the device disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-135007 has had the problem that incorporating the temperature compensation circuit in the driver IC makes the circuitry of the driver IC complex, leading to a further increase in cost. 
     It is known that as long as the amount of light changes within areas close to the chromaticity curve of the black body locus, a natural and balanced light is produced. In view of this, it is known to construct a light-emitting device by combining a plurality of kinds of LEDs whose color temperatures change at different rates according to the applied current, with provisions made so that the output light of the plurality of LEDs as a whole lies close to the chromaticity curve of the black body locus when the light is tuned by adjusting the current applied to the LEDs (for example, refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-113959). 
     However, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-113959, the idea of compensating for changes in color temperature due to changes in device temperature is not disclosed. 
     In a light-emitting device using an LED, since light is produced by applying current to the LED, the LED is heated due to the application of the current, and its temperature thus changes. Further, the temperature of the LED may also change due to changes in ambient temperature. It is also known that the color temperature of LED output light changes as the temperature of the LED changes. 
     As a result, when a light-emitting device using such LEDs is applied, for example, as a ceiling lighting apparatus, the chromaticity of the output light of the lighting apparatus changes as the time elapses from the moment it was turned on, and the color appearance becomes different from the color appearance produced immediately after the lighting apparatus was turned on; this can give the user an unnatural feeling. In view of this, attempts have been made to maintain the chromaticity of the LED output light constant by incorporating a temperature compensation circuit as described, for example, in patent document 1. 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a light-emitting device having a temperature compensation function implemented with simple circuitry, and a method of temperature compensation in such a light-emitting device. 
     According to the present invention, there is provided a light-emitting device includes a substrate, a first kind of LED chip which is arranged on the substrate, and which has a characteristic such that Δx and Δy, each representing an amount of displacement on an xy chromaticity diagram, both become negative as temperature rises, and a second kind of LED chip which is arranged on the substrate, and which has a characteristic such that Δx and Δy, each representing an amount of displacement on an xy chromaticity diagram, both are positive as temperature rises. 
     Preferably, the light-emitting device further includes a current supply terminal for supplying current to the first kind of LED chip and the second kind of LED chip so that chromaticity of light emitted from the light-emitting device stays within a 2-step MacAdam ellipse despite changes in temperature of the light-emitting device. 
     Preferably, the light-emitting device further includes a diffusing plate. 
     Preferably, in the light-emitting device, a sealing resin for sealing the first kind of LED chip and a resin frame formed so as to surround the sealing resin are chosen to have the same and/or substantially the same thermal expansion coefficient, and a sealing resin for sealing the second kind of LED chip is chosen to have a thermal expansion coefficient higher than the thermal expansion coefficient of a resin frame formed so as to surround the sealing resin. 
     According to the present invention, there is also provided a method of chromaticity compensation, includes arranging on the substrate a first kind of LED chip having a characteristic such that Δx and Δy, each representing an amount of displacement on an xy chromaticity diagram, both are negative as temperature rises, arranging on the substrate a second kind of LED chip having a characteristic such that Δx and Δy, each representing an amount of displacement on an xy chromaticity diagram, both are positive as temperature rises, and supplying current to the first kind of LED chip and the second kind of LED chip so that chromaticity of light emitted from the light-emitting device stays within a 2-step MacAdam ellipse despite changes in temperature of the light-emitting device. 
     Preferably, in the method of chromaticity compensation, a sealing resin for sealing the first kind of LED chip and a resin frame formed so as to surround the sealing resin are chosen to have the same and/or substantially the same thermal expansion coefficient, and a sealing resin for sealing the second kind of LED chip is chosen to have a thermal expansion coefficient lower than the thermal expansion coefficient of a resin frame formed so as to surround the sealing resin. 
     According to the light-emitting device and the light-emitting device temperature compensation method described above, it is possible to provide a light-emitting device having a temperature compensation function implemented with simple circuitry, and a method of temperature compensation in such a light-emitting device. 
     Further, according to the light-emitting device and the light-emitting device temperature compensation method described above, since the first kind of LED chip having a characteristic such that Δx and Δy, each representing the amount of displacement on the xy chromaticity diagram, both become negative as temperature rises and the second kind of LED chip having a characteristic such that Δx and Δy, each representing the amount of displacement on the xy chromaticity diagram, both are positive as temperature rises are used in combination to cancel out the temperature shift of the chromaticity, it becomes possible to provide a light-emitting device having a temperature compensation function and a method of temperature compensation without using a special temperature compensation circuit. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the ensuing description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is an external view of a light-emitting device  1 ; 
         FIG. 2  is a circuit diagram of the light-emitting device  1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of a CL-L270-U1N-A-T; 
         FIG. 4  is an xy chromaticity diagram showing an example of the characteristic of a first kind of LED chip; 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram for explaining the characteristic required of a second kind of LED chip; 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view of a CL-L400-C1N-A-T; 
         FIG. 7( a )  is a diagram showing the temperature shift of the first kind of LED chip (CL-L270-U1N-A-T),  FIG. 7( b )  is a diagram showing the temperature shift of the second kind of LED chip (CL-L400-C1N-A-T), and  FIG. 7( c )  is a diagram showing the temperature shift of a first embodiment; 
         FIG. 8  is an xy chromaticity diagram showing the characteristic of the first embodiment; and 
         FIGS. 9( a ) to 9( d )  are diagrams for explaining the displacement that occurs on the xy chromaticity diagram due to a temperature rise. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     A light-emitting device according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. It will, however, should be noted that the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to any particular embodiment described herein and extends to the inventions described in the appended claims and their equivalents. 
       FIG. 1  is an external view of a light-emitting device  1 , and  FIG. 2  is a circuit diagram of the light-emitting device  1 . 
     The light-emitting device  1  includes LED chips of a first kind,  11 ,  12 ,  13 , and  14 , LED chips of a second kind,  21 ,  22 ,  23 , and  24 , anode electrodes a 1  and a 2 , and cathode electrodes c 1  and c 2 , all mounted on a substrate  2 . 
     The substrate  2  is formed from a metal core base capable of dissipating heat, and is fixed to a heat sink or the like of a lighting apparatus (not shown) by twisting screws  3  into six mounting holes opened in the substrate  2 . The substrate  2  may instead be formed from a glass epoxy base or the like. 
     A diffusing plate  4  and a protective cover  5  formed from a transparent plastic or like material are disposed on the front side, i.e., the light-emitting side, of the light-emitting device  1 . The diffusing plate  4  and the protective cover  5  shown here are only examples, and the diffusing plate and the protective cover may be constructed so as to jointly protect a plurality of light-emitting devices  1 . 
     In the light-emitting device  1 , the two different kinds of LEDs are respectively connected in series between the anode electrodes and the cathode electrodes. Further, current limiting means (devices)  10  and  20  such as limiting resistors, connected in series with the respective kinds of LEDs, are disposed between the anode electrodes and the cathode electrodes. If a current-controlled LED driving means is connected to each kind of LEDs connected in series, then the current limiting means (devices)  10  and  20  need not be provided. The anode electrodes a 1  and a 2  and the cathode electrodes c 1  and c 2  are connected to a current supply circuit of the lighting apparatus (not shown). 
       FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of a CL-L270-U1N-A-T. 
     LED chips manufactured by Citizen Electronics under the model name CL-L270-U1N-A-T (V F =3.1 V when I F =60 mA) can be used as the first kind of LED chips  11 ,  12 ,  13 , and  14 . The three-dimensional shape of CL-L270-U1N-A-T is the same as that shown in  FIG. 1  for the first kind of LED chips  11 ,  12 ,  13 , and  14 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , in the CL-L270-U1N-A-T, an LED die  100  mounted on a glass epoxy resin substrate  103  is encapsulated with an optically transmissive silicone-based sealing resin  101 . A white resin frame  102  is formed so as to surround the sealing resin  101 . The sealing resin  101  contains yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG)-based phosphors activated with cerium, and the blue light from the LED die  100  is combined with the yellow light from the phosphors to produce pseudo-white light as will be described later. Preferably, the thermal expansion coefficient of the sealing resin  101  is in the range of 150 to 300 ppm/° C., and the thermal expansion coefficient of the white resin frame  101  is also in the range of 150 to 300 ppm/° C. In the CL-L270-U1N-A-T, the thermal expansion coefficient of the sealing resin  101  and the thermal expansion coefficient of the white resin frame  101  are both set so as to fall within the above preferable range and are chosen to have substantially the same value. 
     The LED die  100  is connected via two wires  104  and  105  to first electrode pads  106  and  107 , respectively, on the resin substrate  103 . The first electrode pads  106  and  107  are electrically connected to second electrode pads  108  and  109 , respectively, by means of vias  110  and  111  formed through the resin substrate  103 . The CL-L270-U1N-A-T is connected via the second electrode pads  108  and  109  to the electrodes (not shown) formed on the substrate  2 . 
       FIG. 4  is an xy chromaticity diagram showing an example of the characteristic of the first kind of LED chip. 
       FIG. 4  shows chromaticity shifts in the CIE xy chromaticity diagram (color temperature: 5000K) for the first kind of LED chip. A quadrilateral  30  defines the chromaticity range of the first kind of LED chip; a small circle  31  defines the range of a 1-step MacAdam ellipse, a medium-sized circle  32  defines the range of a 2-step MacAdam ellipse, and a large circle defines the range of a 3-step MacAdam ellipse. 
     The MacAdam ellipses were derived from experiments of visual perception conducted by David Lewis MacAdam, and are set based on the standard deviation of perception variation relative to a specific color at the center on the xy chromaticity diagram. According to the experiments conducted by MacAdam, three times the standard deviation (i.e., 3-step) corresponds to the threshold of perception. That is, if the change of chromaticity extends beyond the 3-step MacAdam ellipse, the possibility of the chromaticity being perceived as having changed increases. In other words, as long as the change of chromaticity stays within the range of the 2-step MacAdam ellipse (the medium-sized circle  32 ), the possibility of the chromaticity being perceived as having changed is small, and if it stays within the range of the 1-step MacAdam ellipse (the small circle  31 ), the possibility of the chromaticity being perceived as having changed is extremely small. The MacAdam ellipses are specified based on ANSI C78.377 defined by ANSI (American National Standards Institute). 
     In  FIG. 4 , a locus  35  indicates the locus of the temperature shift of the chromaticity of the first LED chip whose chromaticity at temperature Tc=25° C. is indicated at d 1 : the chromaticity at temperature Tc=85° C. is indicated at d 2 . In this way, the first LED chip has the characteristic that the displacement Δx along the x axis and the displacement Δy along the y axis both are negative as the temperature rises. 
     As can be understood from  FIG. 4 , as the temperature of the first kind of LED chip rises, a temperature shift occurs in the chromaticity of the first LED chip, eventually exceeding the range of the 3-step MacAdam ellipse (the large circle  33 ), and the possibility of the chromaticity being perceived as having changed increases. That is, if the lighting apparatus is constructed using only the first kind of LED chip and is continuously lit, the LED temperature rises due to the continuous lighting, and the chromaticity of the output light of the lighting apparatus may be perceived as having changed. 
       FIG. 5  is a diagram for explaining the characteristic required of the second kind of LED chip. 
       FIG. 5  shows the CIE xy chromaticity diagram, in which arrow A indicates the direction of the temperature shift of the first kind of LED chip. As in  FIG. 4 , the small circle  31 , the medium-sized circle  32 , and the large circle  33  define the range of the 1-step MacAdam ellipse, the range of the 2-step MacAdam ellipse, and the range of the 3-step MacAdam ellipse, respectively. 
     In the light-emitting device  1 , since the direction of the temperature shift of the first kind of LED chip is negative as indicated by arrow A (Δx and Δy are both negative), the second kind of LED chip is chosen to exhibit a temperature shift in the direction of arrow B (Δx and Δy are both positive). As a result, if the chromaticity changes due to the temperature change of the two kinds of LED chips, the change of the chromaticity stays at least within the range of the 2-step MacAdam ellipse over a predetermined temperature range (for example, Tc=25° C. to 85° C.), since the temperature shift directions cancel each other out. 
     A light-emitting device (first embodiment) having the same configuration as that of the light-emitting device  1  shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2  was fabricated by using CL-L270-U1N-A-T as the first LED chip and CL-L400-C1N-A-T, manufactured by Citizen Electronics, as the second LED chip. 
       FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view of the CL-L400-C1N-A-T. 
     LED chips manufactured by Citizen Electronics under the model name CL-L400-C1N-A-T (V F =3.1 V when I F =180 mA) can be used as the second LED chips  21 ,  22 ,  23 , and  24 . The three-dimensional shape of CL-L400-C1N-A-T is the same as that shown in  FIG. 1  for the second LED chips  21 ,  22 ,  23 , and  24 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , an LED die  200  is encapsulated with an optically transmissive silicone-based sealing resin  201 . A white resin frame  202  is formed so as to surround the sealing resin  201 . The sealing resin  201  contains yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG)-based phosphors activated with cerium, and the blue light from the LED die  200  is combined with the yellow light from the phosphors to produce pseudo-white light as will be described later. Preferably, the thermal expansion coefficient of the sealing resin  201  is in the range of 150 to 300 ppm/° C., and the thermal expansion coefficient of the white resin frame  202  is in the range of 10 to 100 ppm/° C. 
     The LED die  200  is connected via two wires  204  and  205  to electrode pads  206  and  207 , respectively. An insulating layer  208  is formed between and around the electrode pads  206  and  207 . The CL-L400-C1N-A-T is connected via the electrode pads  206  and  207  to the electrodes (not shown) formed on the substrate  2 . 
       FIG. 7( a )  shows the temperature shift of the first kind of LED chip (CL-L270-U1N-A-T),  FIG. 7( b )  shows the temperature shift of the second kind of LED chip (CL-L400-C1N-A-T), and  FIG. 7( c )  shows the overall temperature shift of the light-emitting device in the first embodiment. In  FIGS. 7( a ) to 7( c ) , the ordinate represents the amount of displacement, Δx and Δy, and the abscissa represents the temperature. The chromaticity was measured in accordance with IES LM-79 by measuring the total luminous flux using an integrated sphere. 
     In  FIG. 7( a ) , graph  50  shows the amount of displacement, Δx, as a function of the temperature (25° C. to 85° C.) of the first LED chip (CL-L270-U1N-A-T), and graph  51  shows the amount of displacement, Δy, as a function of the temperature (25° C. to 85° C.) of the first kind of LED chip (CL-L270-U1N-A-T). When the values shown in  FIG. 7( a )  are plotted in the xy chromaticity diagram, the locus  35  shown in  FIG. 4  is obtained. 
     In  FIG. 7( b ) , graph  52  shows the amount of displacement, Δx, as a function of the temperature (25° C. to 85° C.) of the second kind of LED chip (CL-L400-C1N-A-T), and graph  53  shows the amount of displacement, Δy, as a function of the temperature (25° C. to 85° C.) of the second kind of LED chip (CL-L400-C1N-A-T). From  FIG. 7( b ) , it can be understood that the second LED chip has the characteristic that Δx and Δy both are positive as the temperature rises. 
       FIG. 7( c )  shows the values obtained by measuring the chromaticity of the light-emitting device fabricated in the first embodiment; graph  54  shows the amount of displacement, Δx, as a function of the temperature (25° C. to 85° C.), and graph  55  shows the amount of displacement, Δy, as a function of the temperature (25° C. to 85° C.). To measure the chromaticity, the anode electrodes a 1  and a 2  and cathode electrodes c 1  and c 2  of the light-emitting device fabricated in the first embodiment were connected to a current supply source not shown, and the setting was made so that a constant current of 60 mA was supplied to the anode a 1  and a constant current of 180 mA to the anode a 1 . 
     As can be understood from  FIGS. 7( a ) and 7( b ) , the slops of Δx and Δy are greater in the case of the first LED chip (CL-L270-U1N-A-T) than in the case of the second LED chip (CL-L400-C1N-A-T). Accordingly, in the first embodiment, the luminous flux of each LED chip was adjusted by adjusting the amount of current so that the chromaticity such as shown in  FIG. 7( c )  could be obtained when the first LED chip and the second LED chip were mounted on a 1:1 basis. More specifically, when a constant current of 60 mA is supplied to the first kind of LED chip, and a constant current of 180 mA to the second kind of LED chip, the luminous flux of the second kind of LED chip becomes 3.61 times that of the first kind of LED chip. In this condition, the chromaticity was measured by arranging the two kinds of LED chips on a 1:1 basis; the thus measured chromaticity is shown in  FIG. 7( c ) . 
       FIG. 8  is an xy chromaticity diagram showing the characteristic of the first embodiment. 
     When the measured values shown in  FIG. 7( c )  are plotted in the xy chromaticity diagram, a locus  60  shown in  FIG. 8  is obtained. As in  FIG. 4 , the small circle  31 , the medium-sized circle  32 , and the large circle  33  define the range of the 1-step MacAdam ellipse, the range of the 2-step MacAdam ellipse, and the range of the 3-step MacAdam ellipse, respectively. 
     As can be understood from  FIG. 8 , in the light-emitting device fabricated in the first embodiment, the temperature shift stays within the range of the 1-step MacAdam ellipse over the predetermined temperature range (25° C. to 85° C.); it can therefore be considered that the possibility of the chromaticity being perceived as having changed is extremely small. 
     As described above, in the light-emitting device fabricated in the first embodiment, the first kind of LED chip that exhibits a temperature shift in the direction of arrow A (see  FIG. 5 ) (Δx and Δy are both negative) is used in combination with the second kind of LED chip that exhibits a temperature shift in the direction of arrow B (see  FIG. 5 ) (Δx and Δy are both positive). With this arrangement, the temperature shift can be made to stay within the range of the 1-step MacAdam ellipse over the predetermined temperature range (25° C. to 85° C.) 
     The LED chips that can be used in the light-emitting device  1  according to the present invention are not limited to the CL-L270-U1N-A-T and the CL-L400-C1N-A-T, respectively. In the light-emitting device  1  according to the present invention, LED chips in which Δx and Δy both become negative as the temperature rises and LED chips of the kind in which Δx and Δy both become positive as the temperature rises can be suitably combined for use. By thus combining two different types of LED chips, the change of chromaticity can be made to stay within the range of the 2-step MacAdam ellipse, and preferably within the range of the 1-step MacAdam ellipse, over the predetermined temperature range without using a special temperature compensation circuit. 
     In the light-emitting device  1  according to the present invention, since a plurality of kinds of LED chips are used in combination, it is preferable to use the diffusing plate  4  in order to mix the lights output from the plurality of kinds of LED chips. However, if the plurality of kinds of LED chips can be mounted sufficiently close to each other, the diffusing plate  4  may not be used. 
     While the types kinds of LED chips, each containing four LED chips, are used in the light-emitting device  1  according to the present invention, the number of LED chips need not be limited to four. Further, a plurality of kinds of LED chips in which Δx and Δy both become negative as the temperature rises may be used in combination with a plurality of kinds of LED chips in which Δx and Δy both are positive as the temperature rises. 
       FIG. 9  is a diagram for explaining the displacement that occurs on the xy chromaticity diagram due to a temperature rise. 
       FIG. 9( a )  is a schematic diagram showing the condition in which the first kind of LED chip that exhibits a temperature shift in the direction of arrow A (see  FIG. 5 ) (Δx and Δy are both negative) is at a normal temperature (for example, 25° C.).  FIG. 9( b )  is a schematic diagram showing the condition in which the first kind of LED chip shown in  FIG. 9( a )  is at a high temperature (for example, 60° C.).  FIG. 9( c )  is a schematic diagram showing the condition in which the second kind of LED chip that exhibits a temperature shift in the direction of arrow B (see  FIG. 5 ) (Δx and Δy are both positive) is at a normal temperature (for example, 25° C.).  FIG. 9( d )  is a schematic diagram showing the condition in which the second kind of LED chip shown in  FIG. 9( c )  is at a high temperature (for example, 60° C.) It is to be noted that, in  FIGS. 9( a ) to 9( d ) , the displacement is exaggerated for illustrative purpose, compared with the displacement that actually occurs. 
     In the first kind of LED chip shown in  FIGS. 9( a ) and 9( b ) , the sealing resin  101  and the white resin frame  102  are chosen to have substantially the same thermal expansion coefficient, as in the earlier described CL-L270-U1N-A-T. Accordingly, when the temperature of the first kind of LED chip changes from the normal temperature ( FIG. 9( a ) ) to the high temperature ( FIG. 9( b ) ), the sealing resin  101  and the white resin frame  102  expand at approximately the same rate. Since phosphor particles  120  are dispersed substantially uniformly through the sealing resin  101 , the concentration of the phosphor particles  120  in the sealing resin  101  becomes lower as the expansion progresses ( FIG. 9( b ) ). Then, the proportion of the blue light C emitted from the LED die  100  and converted into yellow light by the phosphors  120  decreases, and the pseudo-white light emitted from the first kind of LED chip shifts toward blue, i.e., it shifts in the direction in which Δx and Δy both become negative. 
     In the second kind of LED chip shown in  FIGS. 9( c ) and 9( d ) , the white resin frame  202  is chosen to have a thermal expansion coefficient lower than that of the sealing resin  201 , as in the earlier described CL-L400-C1N-A-T. Accordingly, when the temperature of the second kind of LED chip changes from the normal temperature ( FIG. 9( c ) ) to the high temperature ( FIG. 9( d ) ), the sealing resin  201  tries to expand, but the white resin frame  202  does not expand much. As a result, the sealing resin  201  expands so as to bulge out at its upper open end, and hence the optical path length along which the blue light D emitted from the LED die  200  travels through the second kind of LED chip increases (from h l  to h 2 ) ( FIG. 9( d ) ). Then, the proportion of the blue light D emitted from the LED die  200  and converted into yellow light by the phosphor particles  220  increases, and the pseudo-white light emitted from the second kind of LED chip shifts toward yellow, i.e., it shifts in the direction in which Δx and Δy both are positive. 
     As the temperature rises, the characteristics of the LED dies  100  and  200  more or less vary, and the characteristics of the phosphor particles also more or less vary, but the largest cause for the displacement that occurs on the xy chromaticity diagram due to a temperature rise is considered to be the difference in thermal expansion between the sealing resin and the resin frame, as described above. Accordingly, if the sealing resin and the resin frame are chosen to have substantially the same thermal expansion coefficient, the temperature shift tends to be directed in the direction of arrow A ( FIG. 5 ) (Δx and Δy are both negative). On the other hand, if the thermal expansion coefficient of the resin frame is set lower than the thermal expansion coefficient of the sealing resin, the temperature shift tends to be directed in the direction of arrow B ( FIG. 5 ) (Δx and Δy are both positive). 
     The preceding description only illustrates and describes exemplary embodiments of the present invention. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limit the invention to any precise form disclosed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalent may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims. The invention may be practiced otherwise than is specifically explained and illustrated without departing from its spirit or scope. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS 
     
         
           1  . . . LIGHT-EMITTING MODULE 
           2  . . . SUBSTRATE 
           4  . . . DIFFUSING PLATE 
           5  . . . PROTECTIVE COVER 
           11 ,  12 ,  13 ,  14  . . . FIRST KIND OF LED CHIP 
           21 ,  22 ,  23 ,  23  . . . SECOND KIND OF LED CHIP