Abstract:
A spindle nut for a ball screw is provided, having a continuous ball track ( 1 ) for balls ( 2 ), a ball groove ( 3,14 ) for the balls ( 2 ) extending on an inner periphery of the spindle nut about the rotational axis thereof and along a helical line, the ball groove extending across at least one thread ( 4 ), and a diversion device ( 5 ), in order to divert with its diverting channel ( 9 ) balls ( 2 ) from one end of the thread ( 4 ) to the beginning of the thread ( 4 ). The spindle nut is provided with ball inlets ( 13, 16 ), on the one side connected to the ball groove ( 3, 14 ) and, on the other side connected to the diverting channel ( 9 ), with the ball groove ( 3, 14 ) and the ball inlet ( 13, 16 ) both having identical cross-sectional profiles.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/569,632, filed Dec. 1, 2006, which was a 371 National Phase Application of PCT/EP05/05319, filed May 14, 2005, which claims the benefit of German Patent Application DE 102004025683.7, filed May 26, 2004, all of which are incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present invention relates to a spindle nut for a ball screw. Preferably the present invention relates to such ball screws used as electro-mechanical steering aids for steering devices of motor vehicles. 
     From DE 199 44 875 A1 a spindle nut for a ball screw is known, for example, which has an endless ball track for balls. At the inner periphery of the spindle nut, around its rotational axis, a ball groove for balls is provided along a helical line, extending over several threads. Further, a diverting device is provided, in the diverting channels of which balls are deflected from one end of a common thread of the ball groove to the beginning of said common thread of the ball groove. Here, the diverting device is formed by a multitude of diverting pieces, which are each inserted into an opening provided at the periphery of the spindle nut. In order for the balls to be inserted from the ball groove of the spindle nut into the diverting channel of the diverting piece impact free and with low noise, a ball inlet is formed at the spindle nut, which on the one side is adjacent to the ball groove of the spindle nut and, on the other side, extends to the opening of the spindle nut. This ball inlet is frequently prepared or post processed manually, which is rather expensive. While the ball groove provided in the spindle nut frequently and preferably has a so-called gothic profile, i.e. the flanks of the ball groove are larger than the diameter of the balls and intersect at the bottom of the ball groove, such a profile cannot be achieved when producing the ball inlet. Frequently a conical inlet profile develops in the ball inlet. 
     SUMMARY 
     The object of the present invention is to provide a spindle nut according to the features of the preamble of claim  1 , in which the balls can be inserted from the ball groove of the spindle nut into the diverting channel of the diverting device as impact-free as possible and in a low noise manner. 
     This object is attained according to the invention in that the ball groove provided in the spindle nut and the ball inlet both are provided with the same cross-sectional profile. Thus, according to the invention the ball inlet may also have a gothic cross-sectional profile. This gothic cross-sectional profile contributes to a flawless introduction of the balls into the diverting channel. Preferably the ball inlet begins, as seen in the longitudinal cross-section, at the ball groove, thus connects here, and ends at the diverting channel, with the ball inlet, extending along the way radially outwardly, preferably rising in a steady curve. When the ball groove is laid out in a plane, the ball inlet has a preferably convex form, preferably the so-called gothic profile seen in the cross-section. The same embodiment of the cross-section of the ball inlet and the ball groove also allows an corner-free transfer from the ball groove to the ball inlet and therefrom to the diverting channel of the diverting device. Instead of a gothic profile, profiles may also be suitable that are created such that the balls can be guided therein. 
     When similar to the above-mentioned prior art individual diverting is provided, it is particularly beneficial when the ball inlet, measured around the rotational axis of the spindle nut, extends over an angle α of up to 60 degrees, preferably up to 20 degrees, with the angle beginning at the opening and ending at the ball groove. An angle of approx. 4 degree is recommended as the lower limit. Within these noted angles, the ball inlet rises steadily so that it is ensured that the ball is stressed to an only gradually increasing extent, when it has left the ball inlet and enters the ball groove of the spindle nut, in which it is stressed. Simultaneously it is ensured that the stress of the balls is released gradually only when the balls are deflected from the loaded section of the ball groove via the ball inlet into the diverting channel of the diverting device. In common construction sizes of spindles, spindle nuts, and balls, the listed range of angles is equivalent to a range from half to two-thirds of the diameter of the ball. 
     Alternatively to the so-called individual diverting, a ball screws is known in which the spindle nut is provided with two openings arranged at the periphery, between which a ball groove extends over several threads. At the exterior periphery of the spindle nut, an exterior diverter is provided, having the diverting channel. This so-called exterior diverter can be formed by a pipe, for example, with its one end engaging one opening and its other end engaging another opening, while according to the invention the ball inlet, measured around the rotational axis of the spindle nut, extends over an angle ranging up to 360 degrees, with this angle beginning at the opening and ending at the ball groove. However, small angles are beneficial, preferably 180 degrees. By using this wide angle, the advantage of an only gradual stress and release of the balls is emphasized even more. When a stationary lateral force acts upon the rotating spindle nut the advantage of the large inlet angle is particularly beneficial: the unsteadiness in the stiffness-behavior of the ball screw is caused by the incline of the ball groove. During one full rotation, the ball inlet passes once through the level in which the lateral force impacts. The wider the inlet angle, the gentler the inlet of the balls into the diverting channel or out of the diverting channel. For example, when a spindle nut is provided with three carrying, full threads of the ball grooves, and the first and last thread each form a ball inlet over 360 degrees one thread is always carrying, while the exterior threads are increasingly or decreasingly loaded depending on the rotary progression. The life, smooth performance, and a low noise run are positively influenced. 
     The angle both in individual diverting as well as in the last described exterior diverting can also occur preferably under consideration of the operational load. Under a given operational load, the balls give. The length of the ball inlet may be approximately equivalent to the size of the maximum ball compression. This means, that first the ball, being fully stressed, is elastically deformed and then elastically releases when entering the ball inlet and at the end of the ball inlet, thus when entering the diverting channel of the diverting device, returns to its original ball shape. The length of the ball inlet can therefore also correspond to the deformation behavior of the balls used. Considering these operational loads, spindle nuts can be provided with angles of the ball inlets adjusted to the ball compression in which a very low-nose inlet of the balls from the ball groove into the diverting channel of the diverting device can be ensured. 
     Further, according to the invention a method for producing a spindle nut for a ball screw is suggested. This method provides that a ball groove for the balls can be inserted at the inner periphery of the spindle nut, around its rotational axis and along a helical line, with a cutting tool. This ball groove extends over at least one thread. Beginning at least at one point of the ball groove and, depending on the relative rotary progression of the tool in reference to the spindle nut, the tool now radially approaches in order to remove more material from the spindle nut. Depending on the relative further rotary progression and ending at another point of the ball groove this approach is reversed and another processing of the ball groove occurs, forming a ball inlet due to the approach of the tool and/or its reversal, and with an opening being provided at the periphery of the spindle nut between said two points, up to which the ball inlet extends. This process can be repeated depending on the selection of the tool, until finally the ball groove and the ball inlet have reached their final shape. 
     Therefore, in this process according to the invention, both the ball groove as well as the ball inlet can be formed by only one tool. By omitting the step of removing one tool and attaching another tool, in order to perhaps form the ball groove, it is ensured that the transfer from the ball groove to the ball inlet occurs without edges and smoothly. Additionally, no manual processing is necessary. Due to the fact that the tool is preferably provided with a gothic profile it is also ensured that both the ball groove as well as the ball inlet have a gothic cross-sectional profile. 
     This method can preferably further developed such that first, preferably in a separation process, the opening is provided at the periphery of the spindle nut and adjacent thereto the ball groove with the ball inlet is created. Therefore the tool passes, radially approaching, the area of the opening and then removes more material at the spindle nut. Alternatively, first the ball groove can be formed with at least one ball inlet and adjacent thereto, also preferably in a separation process, the opening is made at the periphery of the spindle nut. 
     The tool is preferably a rotating cutting tool with its rotational axis preferably being arranged perpendicular to the ball groove, with the rotating sleeve of the tool having the mating profile of the ball groove and the ball inlet in a cross-section through the cutting tool. 
     Such cutting tools can beneficially be provided for the production of large numbers of spindle nuts. 
     Other cutting tools may also be used. This tool is not limited in its shape to a profiled cutting disk. For example, a small tool can be moved laterally to the extension of the ball groove in order to create the cross-sectional profile of the ball groove and the ball inlet. 
     When the method for making spindle nuts with an individual diverting suggested by the invention is used, the following variant according to the invention is suggested: the spindle nut is provided with a multitude of openings distributed over its periphery, in each of which a diverting piece can be inserted having a diverting channel in order to deflect the balls from the beginning to the end of a common thread of the ball groove. Seen in the axial direction of the spindle nut, the openings separate one shoulder of the ball groove each, with openings arranged circumferentially adjacent to one another penetrating a common thread and with the ball inlet being produced by the radial approach of the tool at the one opening and by the reversal of the approach at the other opening arranged adjacent to the one opening. Therefore, by only reversing the approach another ball inlet can be created. This process allows an efficient production process. In the previously described process variation, the tool remains radially positioned between the two ball inlets, which is possible because no balls will ever enter this so-called dead travel range. A variant thereto may be to reverse the radial approach in the dead-path range. The latter variant requires additional tool movements, however, it reduces the duration and the extent of the cutting process. This dead travel area may therefore remain unprocessed. 
     The ball groove provided along the helical line does not require processing up to the face of the spindle nut, because at least a portion of the last thread of the ball groove forms the dead travel area. This way, the processing expense can be further reduced at the spindle nut. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the following the invention is explained using two exemplary embodiments shown in a total of 9 figures. Shown are: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a spindle nut according to the invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view through a ball groove provided in a spindle nut according to  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a layout of the ball groove shown in  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of a spindle nut according to the invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view of a spindle according to the invention sectioned along a ball groove, laid out into a plane; 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view of another spindle nut according to the invention; 
         FIG. 7  is a longitudinal cross-section of the spindle nut of  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a lateral cross-sectional view of the spindle nut of  FIG. 6 ; and 
         FIG. 9  is a layout of the ball groove of the spindle nut according to  FIG. 6  in a schematic view. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The first exemplary embodiment according to the  FIGS. 1 through 5  shows a spindle nut with a so-called individual diverting. This spindle nut is provided with an endless ball track  1  for balls  2  (see  FIG. 4 ). It is discernible from  FIG. 1  that a ball groove  3  is formed for balls  2  at the inner periphery of the spindle nut around the rotational axis of the spindle nut and along a helical line. This ball groove  3  extends over several threads  4 . Further, a diverting device  5  is provided in order to deflect balls  2  from the beginning to the end of a common thread  4 . This diverting device  5  comprises a multitude of diverting pieces  6 , each of which is inserted into an opening  7  provided at the periphery of the spindle nut ( FIG. 1 ). The spindle nut has a multitude of openings  7 . It is discernible from  FIG. 1  that each opening  7  penetrates a shoulder  8  of the ball groove  3 . This shoulder  8  lies, when looking at the spindle nut sectioned longitudinally, between two sections of the ball groove  3  arranged axially adjacent to one another. 
     The diverting pieces  6  inserted into said openings  7  have a diverting channel  9 , as shown in  FIG. 4 . 
     The ball groove  3  has a gothic cross-sectional profile  10 , as shown schematically in  FIG. 2 . It is discernible from this figure that the shape of the gothic profile  10  deviates from the circular shape, which is indicated here in dot-dash lines. At the bottom  11  of the ball groove  3  the two flanks  12  of the ball groove  3  intersect. It is discernible from  FIG. 2  that a distance exists between the bottom  11  and the marked circle, while in the area of the flanks  12  the circle is tangent to said flanks  11 . 
     In the endless circling of the ball  2  in the ball track  1 , the balls  2  are deflected from the beginning to the end of a common thread  4  of the ball groove  3 .  FIG. 4  shows the transfer from the ball groove  3  to the diverting channel  9  in a partial cross-section through the spindle nut. This ball inlet also has a gothic profile, in the cross-sectional view, which is equivalent to the gothic profile  10  of the ball groove  3 . The length of the ball inlet  13  along the ball groove  3  is approximately equivalent to an angle α around the axis of the spindle nut, which angle may amount up to 60 degrees. On the one side, this ball inlet  13  connects to the ball groove  3  of the spindle nut in a corner-free manner and, on the other side, connects to the diverting piece  6  of the diverting channel  9 . It is further discernible from  FIG. 4  that the ball inlet  13 , beginning at the ball groove  3  and ending at the diverting channel  9 , rises outwardly in a constant curve. This contour is formed convexly, seen in this cross-section. Further,  FIG. 4  clearly shows that the ball inlet  13  extends to the opening  7 .  FIG. 5  clarifies once more the convex embodiment of the ball inlet  13  in the layout of the spindle nut, as sectionally shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     In order to produce this spindle nut, beneficially the following method according to the invention is suggested. Here, first the ball groove  3  for the balls is incorporated in a cutting manner at the inner periphery of the spindle nut around its rotational axis and along a helical line with a tool, not shown. Then, subsequent or simultaneous to this process and beginning at a position of the ball groove  3 , depending on the relative rotary progression of the tool in reference to the spindle nut, the tool moves radially outward in order to remove more material from the spindle nut. In this way, first the ball inlet  13  is made shown in  FIG. 4 . Ending at a point following along a helical line, depending on the helical progression of the tool in reference to the spindle nut, this approach is reversed and another incorporation of the ball groove  3  can occur. Opening  7  is located between these two points mentioned the, to which the ball inlet  13  extends. 
     The opening  7  is preferably produced in a separating process, for example by stamping. Subsequently the ball groove  3  with the ball entry  13  can be produced in the manner described. 
     Alternative to this process, in the manner described the ball groove  3  can also be produced first with the ball entry  13  and subsequently the opening  7  can also be produced preferably in a separating process. 
     Considering the position of the openings  7 , the other ball inlets can be made in a single process arranged behind one another in the circumferential direction and along a helical line using the tool mentioned. In order to produce a first ball inlet the tool radially approaches in the described manner during the rotary progression of the tool in reference to the spindle nut. In this radially approached position the tool now proceeds along the helical line until it reaches the area of the opening adjacent in the circumferential direction. Now, the tool can be further radially moved during the relative rotary progress of the tool in reference to the spindle nut so that the tool, when leaving the area of the subsequent opening and reaching the level of the ball groove, has made another ball inlet. Between the two described ball inlets, a so-called dead travel is located, which no balls can enter in such ball screws. The mandatory existence of this dead travel provides that the tool no longer needs to be radially distanced between the two ball inlets. 
     The length of the ball inlets (see  FIG. 4 ), measured along the helical line, is here equivalent to an approximately maximum compression of the balls  2 , said compression being a consequence of the stress on the balls  2 . 
     The described production process of the ball inlets  13  is schematically shown in  FIG. 3 , with the movement process of the tool, not shown, occurs from the left to the right. The reference characters provided in  FIG. 3  each name the radial level of the tool in the individual sections, which are divided as follows:  7 ′ indicates the area inside an opening  7 , followed by the area  13 ′ for producing the ball inlet  13 . The tool is finally on the level of the ball groove  3 , which here is indicated with the reference character  3 ′. The tool now proceeds over approximately one thread along the ball groove  3 . Now, the area  13 ′ follows for producing another ball inlet  13 . The tool remains in the approached position and now passes the so-called dead travel area T and continues to proceed into the area of the next opening  7 , which is here indicated with  7 ′. When leaving this opening the radial approach of the tool is reversed so that the next ball inlet  13  is produced, which is here indicated with the reference character  13 ′. From here, the described cycle is repeated. 
     A ball screw provided with a so-called exterior diverting is shown in  FIGS. 6 through 9 .  FIG. 6  shows another spindle nut according to the invention in a perspective view, provided with a ball groove  14  at the interior. Further, at the periphery of the spindle nut two openings are provided, for example with a pipe-shaped exterior diverter indicated schematically as  17 , with two pipe ends each engaging an opening. As in the previous exemplary embodiments, here too ball inlets  16  are provided, shown in  FIG. 7 .  FIG. 8  shows a cross-section through the spindle nut in the area of the openings  15 . 
       FIG. 9  shows, in a sectional view, the spindle nut with the ball groove  14  in a laid out form. The embodiment of the openings  15 , the ball inlets  16 , and the ball grooves  14  are discernible from this schematic representation. This layout of the ball groove shown is only schematically, though. In particular the area of the ball inlet  16  may extend to a full thread along the helical track. 
     LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS 
     
         
         
           
               1  ball track 
               2  ball 
               3  ball groove 
               4  thread 
               5  diverting device 
               6  diverting piece 
               7  opening 
               8  shoulder 
               9  diverting channel 
               10  gothic profile 
               11  bottom 
               12  flank 
               13  ball inlet 
               14  ball groove 
               15  opening 
               16  ball inlet 
               17  exterior diverter