Abstract:
A switch plate area light for attachment to an electrical box includes a body having a first aperture adapted to accommodate an element selected from a switch and an outlet, a second aperture adapted to accommodate a screw for attaching the body to the electrical box, and a third aperture located at a light-directing portion of the body. The light further includes a light emitting diode (LED) located in the third aperture, wherein the third aperture is adapted to receive the LED. The light also includes a driver circuit, connected with the LED and mounted on the body, the driver circuit having a pair of wires to be interconnected with the circuitry of the electrical box without the removal of the electrical box, wherein no ground wire is used to connect the driver circuit, and a load borne by the element is not activated when the LED is on.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/279,904, filed on Apr. 17, 2006, entitled “Switchplate Area Light”, which claims the benefit of provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 60/760,626 filed Jan. 21, 2006, all of which applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Lights oriented on switch plates or socket plates may be found in the art; however, there are many disadvantages to existing designs. In permanently mounted switch plate installations, prior inventors have generally assumed that a neutral wire was available in the outlet box. For purposes of this application, “permanently mounted” means connected directly to the building wiring, not a plug-in device. A neutral wire is always available in electrical boxes containing outlet receptacles. Unfortunately, many times light is needed where no neutral wire is available. This is commonly the case in electrical boxes containing only a switch or switches. The neutral wire typically resides in the electrical box serving the load, far from the box containing the switch that controls the load. A switch plate light that does not require a neutral wire is needed. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    In order to provide a switch plate light or outlet plate light that functions without the need for a neutral wire, numerous advances are needed. Many issues exist that cannot even be discovered by the basic realization of the need. The presently disclosed switch plate area light addresses the identified need of a switch plate light that can function in the absence of a neutral wire, but goes even further to address additional problems discovered in the creation of the switch plate. 
         [0004]    The need for a switch plate light that functions in the absence of a neutral wire is addressed by the realization that a return path through the load may be used. Although, this realization addresses the above-identified need, additional problems are discovered through the usage of a return path through the load. First, if the load of the light on the switch plate is too large, the load (main room light) will be activated by utilization of a return path through the load. To mitigate this, a light that has a small draw is utilized in the presently disclosed switch plate. A single LED is an example presented in the present application; however, alternatives are possible. This is significantly different from the teachings of the prior art, since all directly wired night lights in the prior art make use of multiple LED arrays. If several of these devices were installed on a switch plate, especially a multiple switch plate with 3-way and 4-way switches controlling the same load, the probability of activating the load is great. The LED is deliberately driven below its rated input, resulting in extremely long life. The LED and associated circuitry should last the life of the structure in which it is installed. The light output, nonetheless, is sufficient for adequate nighttime pathway lighting. Because the current draw is low, multiple devices may be connected to the same electrical circuit controlling the same load. This is typically the case with 3-way and 4-way switch installations. 
         [0005]    However, the present disclosure realizes that multiple LED night lights are neither necessary nor desirable for the following reasons. White light LEDs generally are very efficient and provide a large amount of light for a given amount of current. Having an excessive amount of light emanating from the LED has a detrimental effect on night vision. One needs an adequate amount of light to see the pathway beneath the switch clearly, but no more. Additional LEDs require additional current; thus, there is more heat generated by the electronics to dissipate behind the switch plate. White LEDs are a relatively expensive component compared to the other electronic parts in the LED drive circuitry. The use of one LED allows the device to be produced more economically. 
         [0006]    Another problem discovered is the problem of reactive loads. Because the load functions as a return path for electrical current, it is important to be able to pass current through the load without a significant amount of impedance, as this will dim the light produced by the LED and may also cause a significant amount of LED flickering. If the load is incandescent, it is mostly resistive; and almost any LED driver circuit that functions from an alternating current supply will work, provided it does not draw enough current to activate the load. Many incandescent light bulbs are being replaced by their compact fluorescent equivalents because of their greater efficiency and energy savings. These use an electronic ballast and so present a more reactive load to the LED driver circuitry. It is also possible that the device will be connected to a long tube fluorescent load. In this case, either a magnetic or electronic ballast will be used; thus, again presenting a more reactive load to the LED driver circuitry. The switch plate light addresses these issues by introducing a current regulator connected in a non-standard way into the circuitry to reduce these fluctuations. 
         [0007]    Further, a significant advance is that the switch plate light may be installed with little modification to an existing light switch or outlet. It has not been previously realized that all components for the switch plate light may be mounted on the plate itself and hooked into the existing electrical box with two lead wires. Previous devices required the replacement or modification of the electrical box housing the light switch or outlet. Parts and structure are eliminated by the present switch plate light, while still providing area lighting. 
         [0008]    Furthermore, the switch plate light is designed to operate without modification with 2-way (SPST), 3-way, and 4-way light switches or any valid combination thereof. The only stipulation is that the switch design (toggle or rocker) be consistent with that of the switch plate. Thus, there are two substantive embodiments of the switch plate, one for each style of switch plate in common use. These are the toggle type and rocker type. 
         [0009]    In one embodiment, a switch plate area light for attachment to an electrical box includes a body having a first aperture adapted to accommodate an element selected from the list consisting of a switch and an outlet, the body further having a second aperture adapted to accommodate a screw for attaching the body to the electrical box, and the body further having a third aperture, the third aperture located at a light-directing portion of the body. The switch plate area light further includes a light emitting diode (LED) located in the third aperture, wherein the third aperture is adapted to receive the LED. The switch plate area light also includes a driver circuit, connected with the LED and mounted on the body, the driver circuit having a pair of wires to be interconnected with the circuitry of the electrical box without the removal of the electrical box, wherein no ground wire is used to connect the driver circuit and a load borne by the element is not activated when the LED is on. 
         [0010]    In one alternative, the driver circuit draws current from an alternating current power source of the electrical box, such that a return path for the current is through an electrical load of the electrical box. In another alternative, the electrical box is not specifically configured to receive the switch plate area light. In yet another alternative, the light-directing portion of the body protrudes from an outward facing portion of the body. In yet another alternative, the light-directing portion is partially conical. Alternatively, the light-directing portion may face down. In one alternative, a light sensing component is mounted on the front of the switch plate and connected with the driver circuit. In another alternative, the driver circuit is configured to turn off the light emitting diode (LED) when the ambient light reaches a predetermined level. In one alternative, the switch plate area light further includes both an ambient light sensing component and a manually operated switch mounted on the front of the switch plate and associated wiring and modifications to the LED driver circuit configured to turn off the LED when the ambient light reaches a predetermined level and to allow a user to turn off the LED when desired. In another alternative, a first wire of the pair of wires is connected to a hot wire of the electrical box, and the second wire of the pair of wires is connected to a neutral wire of the electrical box. In another alternative, the element is connected to the hot wire and the neutral wire. 
         [0011]    In another embodiment, a switch plate area light for attachment to an electrical box includes a body having a first aperture adapted to accommodate an element selected from the list consisting of a switch and an outlet, the body further having a second aperture adapted to accommodate a screw for attaching the body to the electrical box, and the body further having a third aperture, the third aperture located at a light-directing portion of the body. The switch plate area light further includes a light emitting diode (LED) located in the third aperture, wherein the third aperture is adapted to receive the LED. The switch plate area light further includes a driver circuit, connected with the LED and mounted on the body, the driver circuit having a pair of wires to be interconnected with the circuitry of the electrical box without the modification of the electrical box. In one alternative, no modification of the element is needed in order to interconnect the driver circuit. In another alternative, the driver circuit includes a current regulating component including an adjustable three-terminal regulator integrated circuit, the regulator having an input terminal, an adjustment terminal, and an output terminal configured such that rectified and filtered current from the current rectifying and filtering components of said LED driver circuit is applied to the input terminal of the regulator, output current to drive an LED is drawn from the adjustment terminal of the regulator, and the output terminal of the regulator is unused. In yet another alternative, a first wire of the pair of wires is connected to a hot wire of the electrical box, and the second wire of the pair wires is connected to a neutral wire of the electrical box. In yet another alternative, when the LED is on, a load borne by the element is not activated. Alternatively, the element may be connected to the hot wire and the neutral wire. In another alternative, no ground wire is used to connect the driver circuit, and the load borne by the element is not activated when the LED is on. 
         [0012]    In one embodiment of a light emitting diode (LED) driver circuit for mitigating the effects of reactance and current fluctuations caused by an electrical load, the LED driver circuit includes a current rectifying component and a current filtering component. The LED driver circuit also includes a current regulating component including an adjustable three-terminal regulator integrated circuit, the regulator having an input terminal, an adjustment terminal, and an output terminal configured such that rectified and filtered current from the current rectifying and filtering components of the LED driver circuit is applied to the input terminal of the regulator, output current to drive an LED is drawn from the adjustment terminal of the regulator, and the output terminal of the regulator is unused. Regulated current is provided to an LED when the LED driver circuit is connected to a hot wire and a neutral wire of an electrical box. In one alternative, the electrical load is connected to the hot wire and the neutral wire. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0013]    In the drawings, closely related figures have the same number but different alphabetic suffixes. 
           [0014]      FIG. 1A  shows a front perspective view of one embodiment of a rocker type switch plate with mounted LED area light; 
           [0015]      FIG. 1B  shows an expanded front view of one embodiment of a rocker type switch plate with mounted LED area light; 
           [0016]      FIG. 1C  shows an expanded sectional side view of one embodiment of a rocker type switch plate with mounted LED area light; 
           [0017]      FIG. 2A  shows a front perspective view of one embodiment of a toggle type switch plate with mounted LED area light; 
           [0018]      FIG. 2B  shows an expanded front view of one embodiment of a toggle type switch plate with mounted LED area light; 
           [0019]      FIG. 2C  shows an expanded sectional side view of one embodiment of a toggle type switch plate with mounted LED area light; 
           [0020]      FIG. 3A  shows a back perspective view of the rocker switch plate in  FIG. 1A  showing the mounting of the LED driver circuit assembly; 
           [0021]      FIG. 3B  shows a back perspective view of the toggle switch plate in  FIG. 2A  showing the mounting of the LED driver circuit assembly; 
           [0022]      FIG. 4  shows a schematic representation of one embodiment of an LED driver circuitry; 
           [0023]      FIG. 5  shows a block diagram representation of the circuit shown in  FIG. 4 ; 
           [0024]      FIG. 6  shows how one embodiment of the switch plate light would be connected to a 2-way switch; 
           [0025]      FIG. 7  shows an embodiment of how multiple devices would be connected to a set of 3-way switches; 
           [0026]      FIG. 8  shows an embodiment of how multiple devices would be connected to a set of 3-way and 4-way switches; 
           [0027]      FIG. 9  shows an alternative embodiment incorporating an ambient light sensor; 
           [0028]      FIG. 10  shows an alternative embodiment incorporating a manually operated on-off switch; 
           [0029]      FIG. 11  shows a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of an outlet plate light; 
           [0030]      FIG. 12  shows a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a switch plate light; 
           [0031]      FIG. 13  shows a bottom view of the switch plate light of  FIG. 11 ; and 
           [0032]      FIG. 14  shows an exploded rear perspective view of the switch plate light of  FIG. 11 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0033]    In the present description, the part numbers refer to the following items:
         20  rocker type switch plate     21  hole for protrusion of rocker type switch     28  light rays emanating from LED     34  hole for mounting screw in rocker type switch plate     36  LED housing     38  LED     40  built-in lens portion of LED     42  anode wire from LED     43  cathode wire from LED     44  hole through rocker type switch plate for anode wire of LED     45  hole through rocker type switch plate for cathode wire of LED     46  toggle type switch plate     48  hole for mounting screw in toggle type switch plate     50  hole for protrusion of toggle type switch     54  hole through toggle type switch plate for anode wire of LED     55  hole through toggle type switch plate for cathode wire of LED     60  LED driver circuit assembly     61  connection wire  1  from LED driver circuit assembly     62  connection wire  2  from LED driver circuit assembly     64  2-way switch     65 ,  66  2-way switch terminal     67  wire from line     68  wire to load     70  first 3-way switch in circuit     72  second 3-way switch in circuit     74  first traveler wire between switches     76  second traveler wire between switches     78  terminal of 3-way switch for connection to line     80  terminal of 3-way switch for connection to load     82  connection of LED driver assembly to terminal on switch connected to first traveler wire for the 3-way switch connected to line     84  connection of LED driver assembly to terminal on switch connected to second traveler wire for the 3-way switch connected to load     86  connection of LED driver assembly to terminal on switch connected to first traveler wire for the 3-way switch connected to line     88  connection of LED driver assembly to terminal on switch connected to second traveler wire for the 3-way switch connected to load     90  first 3-way switch in circuit utilizing a 4-way switch     92  second 3-way switch in circuit utilizing a 4-way switch     94  4-way switch     96  terminal of 3-way switch for connection to line     98  terminal of 3-way switch for connection to load     100  first traveler wire between 3-way switch connected to line and 4-way switch     102  second traveler wire between 3-way switch connected to line and 4-way switch     104  first traveler wire between 3-way switch connected to load and 4-way switch     106  second traveler wire between 3-way switch connected to load and 4-way switch     108  connection of LED driver assembly to first traveler wire terminal of 3-way switch connected to line     110  connection of LED driver assembly to second traveler wire terminal of 3-way switch connected to line     112  connection of LED driver assembly to first 4-way switch terminal on load side of switch     114  connection of LED driver assembly to second 4-way switch terminal on load side of switch     116  connection of LED driver assembly to first traveler wire terminal of 3-way switch connected to load     118  connection of LED driver assembly to second traveler wire terminal of 3-way switch connected to load     120  connection of LED driver assembly to first 4-way switch terminal on line side of switch     122  connection of LED driver assembly to second 4-way switch terminal on line side of switch     220  rocker type switch plate with opening for ambient light sensor     221  rocker type switch plate with opening for manually operated switch     222  ambient light sensor     252  manually operated switch to turn off LED       
 
         [0088]    One embodiment of a switch plate area light is illustrated from the front in  FIG. 1A  and from the back in  FIG. 3A . A cylindrical LED  38  is fitted into a housing  36  on the structure of the switch plate  20  at such an angle that the light rays  28  emanating from the LED  38  provide illumination on the pathway below the switch plate. Other than the leads  42  and  43  exiting the LED  38  which protrude though holes  44  and  45  in the switch plate  20 , the LED  38  is mounted on the front of the switch plate  20 . The housing  36  surrounding the LED  38  is of such a composition that it allows some light to escape. Alternatively, the switch plate  20  itself may be modified to provide an enclosure for the LED  38  that angles it away from the plane of the switch plate in the same manner as with a separate housing  36 . LED  38  has a lens  40 , and LED  38  protrudes from housing  36 . 
         [0089]    The LED driver circuit  60  is positioned on the back of the switch plate  20 . LED driver circuit  60  may be fixed to switch plate  20  according to a variety of methods including, but not limited to, snap fit, glue, friction, and other mechanical attachment devices such as screws. The LED driver circuit  60  is connected to the LED  38  through small holes  44  and  45  in the switch plate  20 . This provides a durable, inexpensive structure for both the light source and driving electronics. The LED driver circuit assembly  60  is kept sufficiently thin so as to be able to slip between the body of the existing switch and the side of the electric box. The electrical switch rocker protrudes through opening  21 . The switch plate  20  may be secured in place by means of screws through mounting holes  34 . Alternative attachment means for the switch plate may be used. 
         [0090]    Two wires  61  and  62  emanate from the LED driver circuit assembly  60 . These are used to connect the device to the terminals of a 2-way  64 , 3-way  70 ,  72 ,  90 , and  92  or 4-way  94  switch as shown in  FIGS. 6 ,  7 , and  8 , respectively. In this way, the switch plate light may be attached and installed without any changes to the existing electrical box and the switch or outlet. The elimination of the need for a new electrical box or outlet or switch is achievable due to the low power output required and in some cases the reactance mitigation. Previously, it would not have been thought that a new device mounted on the switch plate could be so easily attached to the existing electrical box and switch/outlet without replacing the electrical box and switch/outlet with one specifically modified to receive the switch plate. 
         [0091]    The LED driver circuit  60  diagrammed in  FIG. 4  and reduced to block form in  FIG. 5  consists of a bridge regulator D 1  rated at  1 A, for example a Rectron RS  104 , an adjustable regulator U 1 , typically an LM317 or equivalent 3-terminal integrated circuit regulator of which only two terminals are used. Capacitors C 1  (0.1 uF, 250 v, non-polarized) and C 2  (47 uF, 50 v polarized), and resistors R 1  (4.7K ohms, ¼w) and R 2  (180 ohms, ¼w) complete the components necessary to drive the LED  38 . The specific values of the components depend on the electrical characteristics of the LED  38  driven and to the extent of current supplied to the LED  38 . This current is typically below the rated maximum for the LED  38 . 
         [0092]    In operation, the capacitor C 1  serves to allow only a part of the alternating current cycle to enter the remainder of the circuit before it becomes fully charged, thus reducing the amount of current that must be dissipated by resistor R 1  after rectification by bridge D 1 . Capacitor C 2  serves to filter the output from bridge D 1  through resistor R 1  before it reaches regulator U 1 . U 1  is configured as a constant current source to mitigate the effect of reactive loads such as compact fluorescent bulbs and long tube fluorescent fixtures. Although this is a 3-terminal device, only two of the pins are used—Pin  3  (input) and Pin  1  (adjust). This is a way of using this component in a circuit not anticipated by the manufacturers. It makes use of the internal current limiting circuitry built into the device. The low currents involved with this circuit allow the use of the LM317 regulator U 1  in this manner. Resistor R 2  further limits current to the LED  38 . 
         [0093]    Various fluorescent lighting fixture manufacturers use different, sometimes proprietary circuits in their ballasts. These can cause substantial fluctuations in the current passed through them. This can result in brightening and dimming of LED  38  output without effective current regulation. Because the LM317 regulator U 1  is produced in high volume, it is very inexpensive and can replace other current regulating devices. 
         [0094]    Many other circuit arrangements and component values could be used to drive the LED  38  through an electrical load. The circuit shown in  FIG. 4  is one such circuit that will work for this purpose. 
         [0095]    In an application where electronic components are placed inside an electrical box, it may be important to minimize generated heat. The LED driver circuit  60  shown in  FIG. 4  generates very little heat. This may be an important safety feature. 
         [0096]    A feature of the switch plate is the efficient use of light emitted by the LED  38 . LED  38  is mounted in an unusual fashion. Cylindrical LEDs are manufactured to be used in through-hole and base flush configurations. The LED  38  is mounted such that its longitudinal axis is almost parallel with the face of the switch plate  20 . The placement of the light source is on the outside of the switch plate  20 . Because all cylindrical LEDs have some internal reflection and, therefore, some light leakage around their periphery, this is also put to use by the placement of the LED  38  on the outside of the switch plate  20 . This unavoidable light leakage is not wasted but used as an indicator of switch location provided the housing  36  of the LED  38  is made with a material that allows some light to pass. 
         [0097]    In one embodiment, the switch plate area light has a very low profile on the wall. Most plastic or nylon switch plates protrude approximately 5 mm from the wall. This LED  38  placement adds only approximately another 5 mm, which is about the same protrusion amount of a rocker switch installed behind the switch plate and is less than the protrusion of a toggle switch. Alternatively, the protrusion may be 5 mm to 15 mm. Alternatively, the protrusion may be 15 mm to 50 mm. 
         [0098]    Another feature is the use of a standard size switch plate  20  to carry the LED driver circuit  60 . Because it is not unusual for outlet boxes to be installed close to door jambs or other tri m, the switch plate takes up no more lateral space than the switch plate it replaces; thus, it can be used as a switch plate replacement in almost any location. 
       Operation 
       [0099]    There are three types of light switches in common household use: 2-way (SPST)  64 , 3-way (SPDT)  70 ,  72 ,  90 , and  92 , and 4-way (DPDT with cross-connect)  94 . This switch plate light may be connected to any of these in any electrically valid combination. In addition, multiple devices may be connected to the same lighting circuit to control a specific load. Referring to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , it is important to note that not all devices shown need to be connected. One is sufficient, but the design allows for devices to be installed on any switch in the circuit. The method of accomplishing this will be explained below. In all cases, when the load is off, current will flow though the LED driver circuit  60  and the LED  38  will be illuminated. When the load is on, no current will flow through the device and the LED  38  will be off. 
         [0100]    Note that, in general, as long as the two wires  61  and  62  to the LED driver circuit  60  are connected across traveler wires between switches, the switch plate will work properly. This is because, when the load is off, one traveler wire is connected to the line side of a circuit and the other is connected to the load. This provides a return path for the current utilized by the switch plate because the load is connected to a neutral wire. Detailed electrical connection descriptions for specific switch configurations follow. 
         [0101]    1. Connection to a 2-Way (Single Pole, Single Throw—SPST) Switch 
         [0102]    Referring to  FIG. 6 , the wires  61  and  62  emanating from the LED driver circuit  60  are connected to each of the two terminals  65  and  66  of 2-way switch  64 . It is irrelevant which wire is connected to which terminal. When the switch is open, current flows from the line side  67  of the switch through the LED driver circuit  60  to the load side  68  of the open switch. Since this side of the switch is connected to the load, there is now a return path for the current and the LED  38  will be illuminated. When the switch is closed, current flows from the line side  67  of the switch to the load side  68  of the switch and the load is energized. No current flows through the LED driver circuit  60 , and the LED  38  is not illuminated. 
         [0103]    2. Connection to a 3-Way (Single Pole, Double Throw—SPDT) Switch 
         [0104]    Referring to  FIG. 7 , the wires  61  and  62  emanating from the LED driver circuit  60  are connected to terminals  82  and  84  or  86  and  88  feeding the “traveler” wires  74  and  76  between the two 3-way switches  70  and  72  in the lighting circuit. 3-way switches are designed to be used in pairs such that the load may be turned on or off from either switch. Only one of the traveler wires  74  and  76  will be energized at a time depending on the state of the switch  70  connected to the line side  78  of the circuit. The other 3-way switch  72  in the circuit then can energize or not energize the load depending on its position relative to the traveler wires  74  and  76 . If it is closed with respect to the energized wire  74 , the load will be on. If it is open with respect to the energized traveler wire  74 , the load will be off. Because the LED driver circuit  60  is connected between the two traveler wires  74  and  76 , one of the wires always will be energized. If the load is off, then current can flow from the traveler wire  74  currently connected to the line through the LED driver circuit  60  via switch terminal  82  or  84  to the other traveler wire  76  via switch terminal  84 . This wire is connected through the other 3-way switch  72  to the load  80 ; thus, a circuit is completed and the LED  38  will be illuminated. When the load  80  is on, no current will flow through the LED driver circuit  60  and the LED will be off. Note that devices may be connected to either or both of the 3-way switches  70  and  72  in the circuit. If a second device is installed, it would be connected between terminals  86  and  88  as shown in  FIG. 7 . This is particularly useful when it is desired to light both the top and bottom of a stairway at the same time. Note that, if two devices are installed, they are connected in parallel. 
         [0105]    3. Connection to a 4-Way (Double Pole, Switched Cross-Connected—DPDT) Switch 
         [0106]    Operation of the switch plate light in a circuit containing a 4-way switch is similar to operation in a circuit containing only 3-way switches. 4-way switches are designed to be installed between a pair of 3-way switches, and any number of 4-way switches can be used in a circuit controlling the same load. As in the 3-way case, all LED devices are connected in a parallel fashion.  FIG. 8  shows a circuit where three switches  90 ,  92 , and  94  control the same load. Referring to  FIG. 8 , the connection wires  61  and  62  to the LED driver circuit  60  may be connected to either side of the 4-way switch  94  via terminals  112  and  114  or  120  and  122  for proper operation. A 4-way switch  94  is a switched cross-connection device. When the toggle or rocker is in one position, the switch functions as a straight-through device. For each of the two traveler wires  100  and  102  in this case, the switch functions as a pass-through device to the traveler wires  104  and  106 . That is, traveler wire  100  would be connected to traveler wire  104  and traveler wire  102  would be connected to traveler wire  106 . In the other toggle position of the switch  94  as shown in  FIG. 8 , traveler wire  100  is connected to traveler wire  106  and traveler wire  102  is connected to traveler wire  104 . This has the same electrical effect of changing the position of the toggle on the load side  98  of the circuit. Detailed operation is as follows: 3-way switch  90  is connected to the line side  96  of a circuit. This energizes traveler wire  100  and also 3-way switch  90  terminal  108  to which the LED driver circuit  60  is connected. The energized traveler wire  100  reaches 4-way switch  94  at its terminal  120 . Since the switch  94  toggle is in the cross-connected position in  FIG. 8 , current flows through the switch to terminal  114  where another LED driver circuit  60  is connected. Traveler wire  106  also is energized because it is connected to 4-way switch  94  terminal  114 . 3-way switch  92  is connected to the load through its terminal  98 . Due to its toggle position shown in  FIG. 8 , traveler wire  104  now also is connected to the load through 3-way switch  92  terminal  116 . As a result, the driver electronics will be energized and the LED  38  will light. Because traveler wire  104  is connected to terminal  112  on 4-way switch  94 , a circuit is completed through the LED driver  60  connected to terminal  112  and the LED  38  will light. Due to the position of the switch toggle for 4-way switch  94 , terminal  122  and traveler wire  102  are also connected to the load. The LED driver circuit connected to 3-way switch  90  terminal  110  thus also is connected to the load and the LED  38  will be illuminated. Note that the 4-way switch  94  devices can be connected across either terminals  112  and  114  or  120  and  122 . 
       Alternative Embodiment 
       [0107]    An alternative embodiment of the switch plate light includes the use of a toggle type switch plate  46  as in  FIG. 2A  rather than a rocker type  20  as in  FIG. 1A . The toggle of the switch behind the switch plate protrudes through an appropriately sized opening  50 . The LED housing  36  and LED driver circuit assembly  60  must be placed in a different area of the switch plate due to the position of the toggle switch mechanism behind the switch plate. Thus, the position of the holes  54  and  55  for routing the LED leads from the front to the back of the switch plate are in a different location than for a rocker type switch plate. The switch plate is secured in place by screws through mounting holes  48 . All electronics as in  FIG. 4  and connections to a lighting circuit through wires  61  and  62  remain the same. 
       Additional Alternative Embodiment 
       [0108]    The alternative embodiments discussed below can be used singly or combined in any valid combination. 
         [0109]    Although the electronics are very efficient, it is recognized that consumers may not want the LED  38  to be on during higher ambient light conditions. Accordingly, a photoresistor or phototransistor and associated additional circuitry can be incorporated into the design to turn off the LED  38  in higher ambient light conditions. The photosensitive element  222  would be mounted on the side of a switch plate  220  opposite the LED housing  36  with wiring on the back of the switch plate connecting to the drive electronics as shown in  FIG. 9 . Because, as shown previously, multiple devices in a circuit are electrically connected in parallel, they would operate independently turning on and off the LED  38  in response to ambient light conditions. This installation could be applied to either rocker or toggle switch plates. 
         [0110]    Because this is designed to be a wired-in installation, the LED  38  will remain on as long as power is applied and the load is turned off. Consumers may desire a way to independently turn off the LED  38 . This can be accomplished with an additional switch  252  as shown in  FIG. 10 . Although the switch shown is a slide switch, any other on-off switch would work, provided it will physically fit into the switch plate  221  and will not interfere with the placement of other components. The switch would be wired into the drive electronics to control power to the LED  38 . This switch could be installed in either rocker or toggle switch plates. 
         [0111]    Although most implementations of the switch plate light will use a visible light LED, an alternative embodiment uses an infrared LED to illuminate an area. This would be useful in installations where security cameras are in use that can image an area illuminated with infrared light. This would be particularly useful in long hallways where the infrared illumination sources typically provided on a surveillance camera cannot reach the full length of an area effectively. In this case, it would make sense to orient the LED toward the ceiling by turning the switch plate 180 degrees to illuminate a larger area, as the emitted infrared radiation would not pose a night vision issue and most security cameras are very sensitive to infrared light. 
         [0112]    Another embodiment would involve placing the LED  38  on the outside of a gang or combination switch plate. 
         [0113]    Switch plates typically are available in three standard sizes. The LED  38  could be placed on any of them; however, the smallest standard size would be best, as most switch plates produced in this size will fit more installations than larger size switch plates. 
         [0114]    The device can be incorporated onto a blank switch plate. This would be useful in places where light is needed and a covered outlet box is available. 
         [0115]    Although the device is intended to be powered through a load, it will work equally well when a neutral wire is available. Thus, embodiments will work without modification around a standard dual outlet. In this case, the light generally would not be emitted from as high a location on the wall, but useful light would still be provided without using any outlet space. For older outlets, the LED housing  36  and LED driver circuit  60  could be mounted on a switch plate with plug openings. 
         [0116]    To reduce the profile of the switch plate light even more than in the preferred embodiment, part of the LED  38  may be machined down at an angle commensurate with the longitudinal axis of light emission so it may fit more closely to the switch plate. Both of these modifications would leave intact the angle the longitudinal axis of the LED  38  makes with the wall; thus, the light rays  28  generated by the LED  38  would fall in the same place. 
         [0117]    Other possible embodiments could place the LED  38  on a location on the switch plate other than below the switch opening and above the switch plate mounting screw. In one embodiment the light may be oriented so that it is not blocked by any obstruction such as, for example, the switch. 
         [0118]    LEDs are available in many sizes and shapes. Many types of LEDs other than the cylindrical type could be utilized, including surface mount LEDs. 
         [0119]    A fusible link or equivalent electrical component could be incorporated in the electronics shown in  FIG. 4 . This component would be placed between and in series with lead  61  or  62  as an electrical safety device. A wire of sufficient thinness may be used as a fuse in some embodiments. The thin wire may melt or vaporize in an over current condition. This may be used as a safety feature to prevent the overheating of circuitry or electrical shock. 
         [0120]      FIGS. 11-14  show an alternative embodiment of the switch plate light.  FIG. 11  shows a front perspective view for an outlet plate light, and  FIG. 12  shows a front perspective view for a switch plate light. As shown in  FIG. 11 , body  1110  includes a semi-conical hood  1115  that houses LED  1120 . As shown in  FIG. 12 , body  1210  includes a semi-conical hood  1215  that houses LED  1220 .  FIG. 13  shows a bottom view of switch plate body  1110  including semi-conical hood  1115  and LED  1120 . Further, light sensor  1325  may be seen also mounted in semi-conical hood  1115 . The bottom view of the outlet plate light shown in  FIG. 12  looks substantially similar to the bottom view shown in  FIG. 13 . 
         [0121]      FIG. 14  shows an exploded rear perspective view of the outlet plate light of  FIG. 11 . The switch plate light of  FIG. 12  has a similar rear view, except it is adapted to fit a switch instead of outlets. As is clear in  FIG. 14 , body  1110  includes semi-conical hood  1115 . Semi-conical hood  1115  is segmented into two sections, LED section  1410 , which is adapted to hold LED  1120 , and sensor section  1415  which is adapted to hold light sensor  1325 . Circuit slot  1420  is adapted to receive and hold LED driver circuit  1425 . Circuit slot  1420  includes pegs  1430  that engage holes  1435  in LED driver circuit  1425 . LED driver circuit  1425  includes leads  1440  for connection into the existing circuit box. The leads may be connected to the hot wire and neutral wire of the electrical box, the same wires that the load is connected to. This may be done in the absence of a neutral wire, since the return path is through the load and the draw is sufficiently low so as not to activate the load; and any reactance may be mitigated by an optional reactance mitigation circuit described above. Cover  1445  fits over LED driver circuit  1425  and may be fixed using a snap to fit, friction, glue, or other attachment mechanism. 
         [0122]    Another embodiment includes a separate the LED driver circuit from the LED to which it is connected. In this case the driver circuit would reside in a separate module which may be about the size of a thick quarter with wires emanating from it—two wires to the LED and two wires to the AC circuit. The driver module would be “loose” and could be shoved anywhere into the outlet box between the switch or outlet and the inner wall of the box. In this case the switchplate could be made thinner as it would not have to accommodate the driver circuit. 
         [0123]    While the above description contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the disclosure, but as exemplifications of the presently preferred embodiments thereof. Many other modifications, improvements, and variations are possible and should be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. 
         [0124]    The foregoing description of the embodiments of the systems and methods has been presented only for the purpose of illustration and description and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the systems and methods to the precise forms disclosed. Numerous modifications and adaptations are apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the systems and methods. 
         [0125]    Certain terminology is used herein for convenience only and is not to be taken as a limitation on the embodiments described. In the drawings, the same reference letters are employed for designating the same elements throughout the several figures.