Abstract:
The invention relates to a lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy, comprising: by the total weight of the brass alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt % magnesium, one or more element selected from the group consisting of 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus, 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese and 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a balance of zinc. The brass alloy of the invention does not adopt lead, thus avoiding lead pollution. Besides, neither bismuth nor silicon is adopted, thus enabling the brass alloy to have an improved cutting performance.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application is the U.S. national phase of International Application No. PCT/CN2014/074942, filed on Apr. 9, 2014, which claims the priority benefit a Chinese Patent which is application No. 201410003372X, filed on Jan. 3, 2014. The entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The invention relates to an environmentally friendly brass alloy, and particularly to a free cutting and dezincification resistant brass alloy. 
         [0004]    Background of Invention 
         [0005]    Generally, the brass for processing is added with metallic zinc by a percentage of 38-42%. In order to make it easy to process brass, brass usually contains 2-3% lead to enhance strength and processability. Lead-containing brass has excellent moldability (making it easy to fabricate products of various shapes), cutting performance, and abrasion resistance, so that it is widely applied to mechanical part with various shapes, accounts for a large proportion in the copper industry, and is well known as one of the most important basic material in the world. However, during the production or use of lead-containing brass, lead tends to dissolve in the solid or gas state. Medical studies have shown that lead can bring about substantial damage to the human hematopoietic and nervous systems, especially children&#39;s kidneys and other organs. Many countries in the world take the pollution and hazard caused by lead very seriously. The National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) sets a tolerance of lead element of 0.25% or less. Organizations like the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) of European Union successively stipulate, restrict and prohibit the usage of brass with a high lead content. 
         [0006]    Furthermore, when the zinc content in brass exceeds 20 wt %, the corrosion phenomenon of dezincification is prone to occur. Especially when brass is exposed to the chloride rich environment, e.g. marine environment, the occurrence of corrosion phenomenon of dezincification may be accelerated. Dezincification may severely destroy the structure of brass alloy, so that the surface strength of brass products is reduced and the brass tube even perforates. This greatly reduces the lifetime of brass products and causes problems in application. 
         [0007]    Therefore, there is a need to provide an alloy formula for solving the above problems, which can replace the brass with a high lead content, is dezincification corrosion resistant, and further has excellent casting performance, forgeability, cutting performance, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    As known in the prior art, silicon may appear in the alloy metallographic structure as y phase (sometimes as κ phase). In this case, silicon may replace the function of lead in the alloy to an extent, and improve cutting performance of the alloy. Cutting performance of the alloy increases with the content of silicon. However, silicon has a high melting point and a low specific gravity and is prone to be oxidized. As a result, after silicon monomer is added into the furnace in the alloy melting process, silicon floats on the surface of alloy. When the alloy is melt, silicon will be oxidized into silicon oxides or other oxides, making it difficult to produce silicon-containing copper alloy. In case silicon is added in the form of Cu—Si alloy, the economic cost is increased. 
         [0009]    Bismuth can be added to replace lead for forming cutting breakpoints in the alloy structure to improve cutting performance. However, thermal cracking is prone to occur during forging in case of a high bismuth content, which is not conducive for producing. 
         [0010]    Thus, it is an object of the invention to provide a brass alloy which exhibits excellent performance like tensile strength, elongation rate, dezincification resistance and cutting performance, which is suitable for cutting processed products that require high strength and wear resistance, and which is suitable for constituent materials for forged products and cast products. The brass alloy of the invention can securely replace the alloy copper with a high lead content, and can completely meet the demands about restrictions on lead-containing products in the development of human society. 
         [0011]    To achieve the above object, the inventors have proposed the following lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy. 
         [0012]    A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the inventive product 1) comprises: by the total weight of the brass alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony and 0.1-0.5 wt % magnesium, and a balance of zinc. 
         [0013]    In the inventive product 1, lead, silicon, and bismuth is absent, the content of copper is controlled at 60-65 wt %, and a small quantity of antimony and magnesium is added to form intermetallic compounds with copper, so that cutting performance of the alloy is improved and dezincification resistance of the alloy is simultaneously improved. In other words, in the inventive product 1, the cutting performance is improved by adding antimony and magnesium to form γ phase. The metallographic structure of the alloy mainly comprises α phase, β phase, γ phase, and soft and brittle intermetallic compounds which are distributed in grain boundaries or grains. Copper and zinc make main constituents of the brass alloy. By adding antimony and magnesium, not only the cutting performance of the alloy is improved, but also the dezincification resistance is improved. 
         [0014]    When the content of antimony is lower than 0.01 wt %, and the content of magnesium is lower than 0.1 wt %, the resulting alloy has a cutting performance which is not acceptable in the industrial production. The cutting performance of the alloy will increase with the content of antimony and magnesium. However, when the content antimony in the alloy is 0.15 wt % and the content of magnesium is 0.5 wt %, improvement in the cutting performance of the alloy reaches the saturated state. 
         [0015]    A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the inventive product 2) comprises: by the total weight of the brass alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt % magnesium, and further comprises, by the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and/or 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, and a balance of zinc. 
         [0016]    As compared with the inventive product 1, the inventive product 2 is further added with 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and/or 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese by the total weight of the brass alloy. Although phosphorus can&#39;t form γ phase, phosphorus has a function of facilitating a good distribution of γ phase for antimony and magnesium, thus increasing cutting performance of the alloy. Meanwhile, in case phosphorus is added, γ phase will disperse crystal grains of the primary α phase, thus increasing casting performance and corrosion resistance of the alloy. When the content of copper, antimony, and magnesium is 60-65 wt %, 0.01-0.15 wt %, and 0.1-0.5 wt %, respectively, and the content of phosphorus is lower than 0.05 wt %, phosphorus can not play its role effectively. While when the content of phosphorus is higher than 0.3 wt %, casting performance and corrosion resistance of the alloy will be degraded. Adding manganese helps to improve dezincification resistance and cast flowability of the alloy. When the content of manganese is lower than 0.05 wt %, manganese can not play its role effectively. While when the content of manganese is 0.5 wt %, manganese can play its role to the saturation value. 
         [0017]    A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the inventive product 3) comprises: by the total weight of the brass alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt % magnesium, and further comprises, by the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and/or 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a balance of zinc. 
         [0018]    As compared with the inventive product 1, the inventive product 3 is further added with 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and/or 0.001-0.01 wt % boron by the total weight of the brass alloy. 
         [0019]    Adding tin into the alloy also intends to form y phase, thus increasing cutting performance of the alloy. Besides, adding tin obviously increases strength, plasticity, and corrosion resistance the alloy. However, since adding tin may increase cost, aluminum is added along with tin. As a result, not only cutting performance of the alloy can be improved, but also strength, wear resistance, cast flowability, and high temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy can be increased. In order to make a better use of the above effects, the content of tin and aluminum is 0.05-0.5 wt % and 0.1-0.7 wt %, respectively. Meanwhile, the alloy is further added with trace boron so as to increase corrosion resistance of the alloy. By adding boron, it is possible to better suppress alloy dezincification, increase the mechanical strength, and simultaneously alter defect structure of cuprous oxide film on the surface of copper alloy, thus forming a cuprous oxide film which is more uniform, dense, and stain resistant. When the content of boron is lower than 0.001 wt %, boron can&#39;t play its role as mentioned above. While when the content of boron is higher than 0.01 wt %, the above performance can&#39;t be further increased. Thus, the optimum content of boron is 0.001-0.01 wt %. The content of phosphorus and manganese has the same interval as that of the inventive product 2, and this is based on the same reason as that of the inventive product 2. Whether antimony, magnesium, aluminum, tin, phosphorus, manganese and/or boron should be added depends on the requirement for cutting performance of various products. 
         [0020]    A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the inventive product 4) comprises: by the total weight of the brass alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt % magnesium, and further comprises, by the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and/or 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a balance of zinc, wherein the total content of manganese, aluminum, tin, phosphorus and/or boron is not larger than 2 wt % of the total weight of the brass alloy. 
         [0021]    A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the inventive product 5) comprises: by the total weight of the brass alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt % magnesium, and further comprises, by the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and/or 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a balance of zinc, wherein the total content of manganese, aluminum, tin, phosphorus and/or boron is 0.2-2 wt % of the total weight of the brass alloy. 
         [0022]    A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the inventive product 6) comprises: by the total weight of the brass alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt % magnesium, and further comprises, by the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and/or 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a balance of zinc and unavoidable impurities, wherein the unavoidable impurities comprise: by the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.25 wt % or less nickel, 0.15 wt % or less chrome and/or 0.25 wt % or less iron. 
         [0023]    As compared with the inventive product 3, the inventive product 6 further comprises some unavoidable impurities, i.e., mechanical impurities of nickel, chrome and/or iron. 
         [0024]    A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the inventive product 7) comprises: by the total weight of the brass alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, and two or more elements selected from the group consisting of, by the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, and a balance of zinc. 
         [0025]    In case that neither antimony nor magnesium is present, adding 0.05-0.5 wt % tin of the total weight of the alloy can still meet the needs for cutting performance in the industrial production. The content of tin to be added has the same interval as that of the inventive product 3, and this is based on the same reason as that of the inventive product 3. Whether aluminum, phosphorus, and manganese should be added depends on the requirement for cutting performance of various products. The content to be added has the same interval as that of the inventive product 3, and this is based on the same reason as that of the inventive product 3. 
         [0026]    A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the inventive product 8) comprises: by the total weight of the brass alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, and two or more elements selected from the group consisting of, by the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus, and 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, and further comprises, by the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt % magnesium and/or 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a balance of zinc. 
         [0027]    Whether antimony, magnesium, aluminum, tin, phosphorus, manganese and/or boron should be added depends on the requirement for cutting performance of various products. The content to be added has the same interval as that of the inventive product 3, and this is based on the same reason as that of the inventive product 3. 
         [0028]    A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the inventive product 9) comprises: by the total weight of the brass alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, and two or more elements selected from the group consisting of, by the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus and 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese, and further comprises, by the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony, 0.1-0.5 wt % magnesium and/or 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a balance of zinc and unavoidable impurities, wherein the unavoidable impurities comprise: 0.25 wt % or less nickel, 0.15 wt % or less chrome and/or 0.25 wt % or less iron by the total weight of the brass alloy. 
         [0029]    As compared with the inventive product 8, the inventive product 9 further comprises some unavoidable impurities, i.e., mechanical impurities of nickel, chrome and/or iron. 
         [0030]    A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the inventive product 10) comprises: by the total weight of the brass alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony and 0.1-0.5 wt % magnesium, and one or more element selected from the group consisting of, by the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus, 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese and 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a balance of zinc. 
         [0031]    Whether aluminum, tin, phosphorus, manganese and/or boron should be added depends on the requirement for cutting performance of various produc. The content to be added has the same interval as that of the inventive product 3, and this is based on the same reason as that of the inventive product 3. 
         [0032]    A lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy with excellent cutting performance (hereinafter referred to as the inventive product 11) comprises: by the total weight of the brass alloy, 60-65 wt % copper, 0.01-0.15 wt % antimony and 0.1-0.5 wt % magnesium, and one or more element selected from the group consisting of, by the total weight of the brass alloy, 0.1-0.7 wt % aluminum, 0.05-0.5 wt % tin, 0.05-0.3 wt % phosphorus, 0.05-0.5 wt % manganese and 0.001-0.01 wt % boron, and a balance of zinc and unavoidable impurities, wherein the unavoidable impurities comprise: 0.25 wt % or less nickel, 0.15 wt % or less chrome and/or 0.25 wt % or less iron by the total weight of the brass alloy. 
         [0033]    As compared with the inventive product 10, the inventive product 11 further comprises some unavoidable impurities, i.e., mechanical impurities of nickel, chrome and/or iron. 
         [0034]    The invention further provides a method for fabricating brass alloy. By taking an example of the inventive product 3 as an example, the method comprises the steps of: 
         [0035]    1) providing copper and manganese and heating to 1000-1050° C. to form a copper-manganese alloy melt; 
         [0036]    2) decreasing the temperature of the copper-manganese alloy melt to 950-1000° C.; 
         [0037]    3) covering the surface of copper-manganese alloy melt with a glass slagging agent; 
         [0038]    4) adding zinc to the copper-manganese alloy melt to form a copper-manganese-zinc melt; 
         [0039]    5) deslagging the copper-manganese-zinc melt, and adding antimony, aluminum, tin, magnesium to the brass alloy melt to form a metal melt; 
         [0040]    6) elevating the temperature of the metal melt to 1000-1050° C., and adding boron copper alloy, phosphorus copper alloy to form a lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy melt; 
         [0041]    7) discharging the brass alloy melt for casting to form the brass alloy. 
         [0042]    Preferably, in the above fabricating method, a copper-manganese alloy is provided as the precursor of copper and manganese elements. 
         [0043]    Preferably, in the above fabricating method, the melting furnace is a high-frequency melting furnace, and the high-frequency melting furnace is provided with a furnace lining of graphite crucible. 
         [0044]    The high-frequency melting furnace has the features of a large melting rate, a large temperature elevating rate, cleanness without pollution, and the ability of self-stirring (i.e., under the action of magnetic field lines) during melting. 
         [0045]    In the invention, the lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy is formed by adding various constituents in respective ratio, and then subjecting them to a process in a high-frequency melting furnace. The resulting brass alloy has a mechanical processability which is comparable with that of the existing lead-containing brass, has an excellent tensile strength, elongation rate, and dezincification resistance, and is lead-free. As a result, the brass alloy is suitable for replacing the existing lead-containing brass alloy and for producing parts like faucet and sanitary ware. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0046]      FIG. 1  is a flow chart illustrating a method for fabricating an example of the inventive product 3. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
       [0047]    The technical solutions of the invention will be described expressly by referring to embodiments thereof. 
         [0048]    It is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the described exemplary embodiments. The modifications and alterations to features of the invention as described herein, as well as other applications of the concept of the invention (which will occur to the skilled in the art, upon reading the present disclosure) still fall within the scope of the invention. 
         [0049]    In the invention, the wording “or more”, “or less” in the expression for describing values indicates that the expression comprises the relevant values. 
         [0050]    The dezincification corrosion resistant performance measurement, as used herein, is performed according to AS-2345-2006 specification in the cast state, in which 12.8 g copper chloride is added into 1000C.0 deionized water, and the object to be measured is placed in the resulting solution for 24 hr to measure a dezincification depth. ⊚ indicates a dezincification depth of less than 100 μm; o indicates a dezincification depth between 100 μm and 200 μm; and          indicates a dezincification depth larger than 200 μm. 
         [0051]    The cutting performance measurement, as used herein, is performed in the cast state, in which the same cutting tool is adopted with the same cutting speed and feed amount. The cutting speed is 25 m/min (meter per minute), the feed amount is 0.2 mm/r (millimeter per number of cutting edge), the cutting depth is 0.5 mm, the measurement rod has a diameter of 20 mm, and C36000 alloy is taken as a reference. The relative cutting rate is derived by measuring the cutting resistance. 
         [0052]    The relative cutting rate =cutting resistance of C36000 alloy/cutting resistance of the sample. 
         [0053]    ⊚ indicates a relative cutting rate larger than 85%; and o indicates a relative cutting rate larger than 70%. 
         [0054]    Both the tensile strength measurement and the elongation rate measurement, as used herein, are performed in the cast state at room temperature as an elongation measurement. The elongation rate refers to a ratio between the total deformation of gauge section after elongation ΔL and the initial gauge length L of the sample in percentage: δ=ΔL/L×100%. The reference sample is a lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e., C36000 alloy. 
         [0055]    According to measurement, the proportions for constituents of C36000 alloy are listed as follow, in the unit of weight percentage (wt %): 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 copper 
                 zinc 
                 bismuth 
                 antimony 
                 manganese 
                 aluminum 
                   
                 lead 
                 iron 
               
               
                 Material No. 
                 (Cu) 
                 (Zn) 
                 (Bi) 
                 (Sb) 
                 (Mn) 
                 (Al) 
                 tin (Sn) 
                 (Pb) 
                 (Fe) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 C36000 alloy 
                 60.53 
                 36.26 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0.12 
                 2.97 
                 0.12 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0056]      FIG. 1  is a flow chart illustrating a method for fabricating an example of the inventive product 3, which comprises the steps of: 
         [0057]    Step S 100 : providing copper and manganese. In this step, a copper-manganese alloy can be provided as the precursor of copper and manganese elements. 
         [0058]    Step S 102 : heating the copper-manganese precursor alloy to 1000-1050° C. to form a copper-manganese alloy melt. In this step, the copper-manganese alloy can be added into the high-frequency melting furnace, and heated to melt in the melting furnace. The temperature can be elevated to 1000-1050° C., and even up to 1100° C., for 5-10 minutes, so that the copper-manganese alloy is melt into a copper-manganese alloy melt. With these actions, it is possible to prevent the melt copper manganese from absorbing a lot of external gases (due to a too high temperature), which may otherwise result in cracking in the molded alloy. 
         [0059]    Step S 104 : decreasing the temperature of the copper-manganese alloy melt to 950-1000° C. In this step, when the temperature in the melting furnace is elevated to 1000-1050° C. for a durationi of 5-10 minutes, the power supply of the high-frequency melting furnace is turned off, so that the temperature in the melting furnace is reduced to 950-1000° C., while the copper-manganese alloy melt is maintained in the melt state. 
         [0060]    Step S 106 : covering the surface of copper-manganese alloy melt with a glass slagging agent. In this step, the surface of copper-manganese alloy melt is covered with the glass slagging agent at 950-1000° C. This step can effectively prevent the melt from contacting the air, and prevent zinc to be added in the next step from boiling and evaporating due to melting at a high temperature of 950-1000° C. 
         [0061]    Step S 108 : adding zinc to the copper-manganese alloy melt to form a copper-manganese-zinc melt. In this step, zinc is added to the melting furnace, and is immersed into the copper-manganese alloy melt, so that zinc is sufficiently melt in the copper-manganese alloy melt to form a copper-manganese-zinc melt. 
         [0062]    Step S 110 : deslagging the copper-manganese-zinc melt. In this step, the copper-manganese-zinc melt can be stirred and mixed under the action high-frequency induction, and then the slagging agent can be removed. Then, the copper-manganese-zinc melt is deslagged with a deslagging agent. 
         [0063]    Step S 112 : adding antimony, aluminum, tin, and magnesium to the copper-manganese-zinc melt to form a metal melt. In this step, copper antimony precursor alloy, copper aluminum precursor alloy, copper tin precursor alloy, and copper magnesium alloy can be added to the copper-manganese-zinc melt. 
         [0064]    Step S 114 : elevating the temperature of the metal melt to 1000-1050° C., and adding copper boron alloy and phosphorus copper alloy to form a lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy melt. 
         [0065]    Step S 116 : discharging the brass alloy melt for casting to form the brass alloy. In this step, the brass alloy melt is stirred evenly, the discharging temperature is controlled at 1000-1050° C., and finally the brass alloy melt is discharged to casting a lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy which exhibits good processability, dezincification resistance, and mechanical performance. 
         [0066]    Embodiment 1 
         [0067]    Table 1-1 lists inventive products 1 with 5 different constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are respectively numbered as 1001-1005, each constituent being in the unit of weight percentage (wt %). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1-1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 copper (Cu) 
                 zinc (Zn) 
                 magnesium (Mg) 
                 antimony (Sb) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 1001 
                 62.605 
                 36.839 
                 0.254 
                 0.010 
               
               
                 1002 
                 64.355 
                 34.819 
                 0.402 
                 0.022 
               
               
                 1003 
                 65.000 
                 34.198 
                 0.100 
                 0.150 
               
               
                 1004 
                 60.000 
                 39.373 
                 0.122 
                 0.103 
               
               
                 1005 
                 61.005 
                 38.040 
                 0.500 
                 0.143 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0068]    Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e., C36000 alloy. 
         [0069]    Results of the measurements about tensile strength, elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion resistant performance are listed as follow: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TENSILE 
                   
                 DEZINCIFI- 
                 RELATIVE 
               
               
                   
                 STRENGTH 
                 ELONGATION  
                 CATION 
                 CUTTING  
               
               
                 No. 
                 (N/mm 2 ) 
                 RATE (%) 
                 LAYER 
                 RATE 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1001 
                 348 
                 12 
                 ⊚ 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                 1002 
                 367 
                 11 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 1003 
                 275 
                 21 
                 ∘ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 1004 
                 281 
                 13 
                 ∘ 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                 1005 
                 328 
                 15 
                 ∘ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 C36000 alloy 
                 394 
                 9 
                 
                           
                 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0070]    Embodiment 2 
         [0071]    Table 2-1 lists inventive products 2 with 5 different constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are respectively numbered as 2001-2005, each constituent being in the unit of weight percentage (wt %). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2-1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 magnesium 
                 antimony 
                 manganese 
                 phosphorus 
               
               
                 No. 
                 copper (Cu) 
                 zinc (Zn) 
                 (Mg) 
                 (Sb) 
                 (Mn) 
                 (P) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 2001 
                 60.000 
                 39.044 
                 0.352 
                 0.012 
                 — 
                 0.300 
               
               
                 2002 
                 64.501 
                 34.340 
                 0.403 
                 0.010 
                 0.302 
                 0.152 
               
               
                 2003 
                 63.522 
                 35.226 
                 0.500 
                 0.150 
                 0.050 
                 — 
               
               
                 2004 
                 65.000 
                 34.144 
                 0.220 
                 0.132 
                 0.252 
                 0.050 
               
               
                 2005 
                 61.522 
                 37.173 
                 0.100 
                 0.051 
                 0.500 
                 0.252 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0072]    Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e., C36000 alloy. 
         [0073]    Results of the measurements about tensile strength, elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion resistant performance are listed as follow: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TENSILE 
                   
                 DEZINCIFI- 
                 RELATIVE 
               
               
                   
                 STRENGTH 
                 ELONGATION  
                 CATION 
                 CUTTING  
               
               
                 No. 
                 (N/mm 2 ) 
                 RATE (%) 
                 LAYER 
                 RATE 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 2001 
                 368 
                 12 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 2002 
                 367 
                 11 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 2003 
                 335 
                 21 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 2004 
                 381 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 2005 
                 308 
                 15 
                 ⊚ 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                 C36000 alloy 
                 394 
                 9 
                 
                           
                 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0074]    Embodiment 3 
         [0075]    Table 3-1 lists inventive products 3 with 8 different constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are respectively numbered as 3001-3008, each constituent being in the unit of weight percentage (wt %). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3-1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 copper 
                   
                 magnesium 
                 antimony 
                 aluminum 
                   
                 manganese 
                 phosphorus 
                 boron 
               
               
                 No. 
                 (Cu) 
                 zinc (Zn) 
                 (Mg) 
                 (Sb) 
                 (Al) 
                 tin (Sn) 
                 (Mn) 
                 (P) 
                 (B) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 3001 
                 63.502 
                 35.309 
                 0.103 
                 0.018 
                 0.500 
                 0.052 
                 0.050 
                 0.173 
                 0.001 
               
               
                 3002 
                 60.000 
                 37.758 
                 0.500 
                 0.047 
                 0.522 
                 0.500 
                 0.051 
                 0.252 
                 — 
               
               
                 3003 
                 65.221 
                 33.233 
                 0.487 
                 0.010 
                 0.622 
                 0.050 
                 0.032 
                 0.050 
                 0.010 
               
               
                 3004 
                 63.523 
                 34.577 
                 0.273 
                 0.095 
                 0.303 
                 0.351 
                 0.067 
                 0.300 
                 0.008 
               
               
                 3005 
                 63.210 
                 34.673 
                 0.100 
                 0.032 
                 0.700 
                 — 
                 0.500 
                 0.178 
                 0.004 
               
               
                 3006 
                 65.000 
                 33.244 
                 0.211 
                 0.150 
                 0.352 
                 0.235 
                 0.253 
                 — 
                 0.003 
               
               
                 3007 
                 60.351 
                 38.339 
                 0.195 
                 0.111 
                 — 
                 0.111 
                 0.488 
                 0.203 
                 — 
               
               
                 3008 
                 60.132 
                 38.716 
                 0.107 
                 0.100 
                 0.100 
                 — 
                 0.231 
                 0.210 
                 0.002 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0076]    Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e., C36000 alloy. 
         [0077]    Results of the measurements about tensile strength, elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion resistant performance are listed as follow: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TENSILE 
                   
                 DEZINCIFI- 
                 RELATIVE 
               
               
                   
                 STRENGTH 
                 ELONGATION  
                 CATION 
                 CUTTING  
               
               
                 No. 
                 (N/mm 2 ) 
                 RATE (%) 
                 LAYER 
                 RATE 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 3001 
                 368 
                 12 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 3002 
                 357 
                 11 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 3003 
                 335 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 3004 
                 381 
                 11 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 3005 
                 388 
                 10 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 3006 
                 363 
                 11 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 3007 
                 323 
                 15 
                 ⊚ 
                 ∘ 
               
               
                 3008 
                 319 
                 17 
                 ∘ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 C36000 alloy 
                 394 
                 9 
                 
                           
                 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0078]    Embodiment 4 
         [0079]    Table 4-1 lists inventive products 4 with 8 different constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are respectively numbered as 4001-4008, each constituent being in the unit of weight percentage (wt %). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4-1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 copper 
                   
                 magnesium 
                 antimony 
                 manganese 
                 aluminum 
                   
                 phosphorus 
                 boron 
               
               
                 No. 
                 (Cu) 
                 zinc (Zn) 
                 (Mg) 
                 (Sb) 
                 (Mn) 
                 (Al) 
                 tin (Sn) 
                 (P) 
                 (B) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 4001 
                 61.833 
                 37.142 
                 0.302 
                 0.011 
                 0.050 
                 0.155 
                 0.050 
                 0.155 
                 — 
               
               
                 4002 
                 62.501 
                 36.327 
                 0.253 
                 0.015 
                 — 
                 0.200 
                 0.355 
                 0.050 
                 0.008 
               
               
                 4003 
                 60.000 
                 38.425 
                 0.271 
                 0.122 
                 0.053 
                 0.100 
                 0.500 
                 0.179 
                 0.010 
               
               
                 4004 
                 65.000 
                 32.643 
                 0.500 
                 0.010 
                 0.253 
                 0.534 
                 0.454 
                 0.300 
                 0.005 
               
               
                 4005 
                 63.550 
                 34.411 
                 0.233 
                 0.045 
                 0.500 
                 0.653 
                 0.300 
                 — 
                 0.006 
               
               
                 4006 
                 60.221 
                 37.902 
                 0.244 
                 0.150 
                 — 
                 0.700 
                 — 
                 0.222 
                 0.009 
               
               
                 4007 
                 62.324 
                 35.999 
                 0.135 
                 0.135 
                 0.488 
                 — 
                 0.183 
                 0.214 
                 — 
               
               
                 4008 
                 64.049 
                 34.511 
                 0.100 
                 0.052 
                 0.325 
                 0.454 
                 0.143 
                 0.063 
                 0.001 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0080]    Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e., C36000 alloy. 
         [0081]    Results of the measurements about tensile strength, elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion resistant performance are listed as follow: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TENSILE 
                   
                 DEZINCIFI- 
                 RELATIVE 
               
               
                   
                 STRENGTH 
                 ELONGATION  
                 CATION 
                 CUTTING  
               
               
                 No. 
                 (N/mm 2 ) 
                 RATE (%) 
                 LAYER 
                 RATE 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 4001 
                 368 
                 12 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 4002 
                 327 
                 11 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 4003 
                 335 
                 21 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 4004 
                 381 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 4005 
                 388 
                 10 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 4006 
                 377 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 4007 
                 301 
                 10 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 4008 
                 391 
                 9 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 C36000 alloy 
                 394 
                 9 
                 
                           
                 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0082]    Embodiment 5 
         [0083]    Table 5-1 lists inventive products 5 with 8 different constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are respectively numbered as 5001-5008, each constituent being in the unit of weight percentage (wt %). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5-1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 copper 
                   
                 magnesium 
                 antimony 
                 manganese 
                 aluminum 
                   
                 phosphorus 
                 boron 
               
               
                 No. 
                 (Cu) 
                 zinc (Zn) 
                 (Mg) 
                 (Sb) 
                 (Mn) 
                 (Al) 
                 tin (Sn) 
                 (P) 
                 (B) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 5001 
                 61.800 
                 37.014 
                 0.231 
                 0.023 
                 0.054 
                 0.100 
                 0.500 
                 0.066 
                 0.010 
               
               
                 5002 
                 62.472 
                 36.526 
                 0.207 
                 0.010 
                 0.108 
                 — 
                 0.325 
                 0.052 
                 — 
               
               
                 5003 
                 60.000 
                 38.549 
                 0.100 
                 0.113 
                 0.500 
                 — 
                 0.486 
                 0.050 
                 — 
               
               
                 5004 
                 62.731 
                 36.021 
                 0.137 
                 0.141 
                 0.192 
                 0.118 
                 0.050 
                 0.194 
                 0.005 
               
               
                 5005 
                 62.498 
                 35.400 
                 0.273 
                 0.150 
                 — 
                 0.700 
                 0.416 
                 — 
                 0.001 
               
               
                 5006 
                 64.032 
                 34.578 
                 0.186 
                 0.013 
                 0.067 
                 0.328 
                 0.377 
                 0.104 
                 0.004 
               
               
                 5007 
                 65.000 
                 33.937 
                 0.262 
                 0.109 
                 0.050 
                 — 
                 0.337 
                 0.103 
                 — 
               
               
                 5008 
                 64.855 
                 32.526 
                 0.500 
                 0.072 
                 0.452 
                 0.676 
                 — 
                 0.300 
                 0.008 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0084]    Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e., C36000 alloy. 
         [0085]    Results of the measurements about tensile strength, elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion resistant performance are listed as follow: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TENSILE 
                   
                 DEZINCIFI- 
                 RELATIVE 
               
               
                   
                 STRENGTH 
                 ELONGATION  
                 CATION 
                 CUTTING  
               
               
                 No. 
                 (N/mm 2 ) 
                 RATE (%) 
                 LAYER 
                 RATE 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 5001 
                 368 
                 12 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 5002 
                 297 
                 11 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 5003 
                 335 
                 21 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 5004 
                 371 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 5005 
                 328 
                 15 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 5006 
                 358 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 5007 
                 383 
                 12 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 5008 
                 385 
                 10 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 C36000 alloy 
                 394 
                 9 
                 
                           
                 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0086]    Embodiment 6 
         [0087]    Table 6-1 lists inventive products 6 with 8 different constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are respectively numbered as 6001-6008, each constituent being in the unit of weight percentage (wt %). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6-1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 copper 
                   
                 magnesium 
                 antimony 
                 manganese 
                 aluminum 
                   
                 phosphorus 
                 boron 
                 nickel 
                 chrome 
                 iron 
               
               
                 No. 
                 (Cu) 
                 zinc (Zn) 
                 (Mg) 
                 (Sb) 
                 (Mn) 
                 (Al) 
                 tin (Sn) 
                 (P) 
                 (B) 
                 (Ni) 
                 (Cr) 
                 (Fe) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 6001 
                 61.030 
                 37.482 
                 0.332 
                 0.133 
                 — 
                 0.132 
                 0.500 
                 0.080 
                 0.008 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.003 
               
               
                 6002 
                 64.501 
                 33.966 
                 0.227 
                 0.120 
                 0.500 
                 — 
                 0.076 
                 0.050 
                 0.009 
                 — 
                 0.144 
                 0.007 
               
               
                 6003 
                 63.000 
                 35.380 
                 0.150 
                 0.010 
                 0.321 
                 0.100 
                 0.400 
                 0.222 
                 0.001 
                 0.005 
                 0.098 
                 0.023 
               
               
                 6004 
                 62.231 
                 36.218 
                 0.100 
                 0.032 
                 — 
                 0.602 
                 — 
                 0.300 
                 0.010 
                 — 
                 0.007 
                 — 
               
               
                 6005 
                 62.875 
                 34.945 
                 0.432 
                 0.088 
                 0.431 
                 0.540 
                 0.050 
                 — 
                 0.007 
                 0.021 
                 — 
                 0.011 
               
               
                 6006 
                 65.000 
                 33.696 
                 0.378 
                 0.117 
                 0.311 
                 — 
                 0.087 
                 0.077 
                 — 
                 0.009 
                 0.112 
                 0.013 
               
               
                 6007 
                 63.740 
                 33.472 
                 0.436 
                 0.150 
                 0.101 
                 0.700 
                 0.342 
                 0.093 
                 0.005 
                 0.250 
                 0.150 
                 — 
               
               
                 6008 
                 60.000 
                 37.735 
                 0.500 
                 0.093 
                 0.050 
                 0.687 
                 — 
                 0.103 
                 0.009 
                 0.007 
                 — 
                 0.250 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0088]    Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e., C36000 alloy. 
         [0089]    Results of the measurements about tensile strength, elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion resistant performance are listed as follow: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TENSILE 
                   
                 DEZINCIFI- 
                 RELATIVE 
               
               
                   
                 STRENGTH 
                 ELONGATION  
                 CATION 
                 CUTTING  
               
               
                 No. 
                 (N/mm 2 ) 
                 RATE (%) 
                 LAYER 
                 RATE 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 6001 
                 355 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 6002 
                 398 
                 10 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 6003 
                 391 
                 11 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 6004 
                 337 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 6005 
                 322 
                 16 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 6006 
                 383 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 6007 
                 337 
                 12 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 6008 
                 301 
                 17 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 C36000 alloy 
                 394 
                 9 
                 
                           
                 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0090]    Embodiment 7 
         [0091]    Table 7-1 lists inventive products 7 with 8 different constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are respectively numbered as 7001-7008, each constituent being in the unit of weight percentage (wt %). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7-1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 manganese 
                   
                   
                 phosphorus 
               
               
                 No. 
                 copper (Cu) 
                 zinc (Zn) 
                 (Mn) 
                 aluminum (Al) 
                 tin (Sn) 
                 (P) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 7001 
                 62.000 
                 37.596 
                 0.050 
                 0.207 
                 0.050 
                 0.095 
               
               
                 7002 
                 63.431 
                 35.903 
                 0.223 
                 0.332 
                 0.109 
                 — 
               
               
                 7003 
                 61.118 
                 38.160 
                 0.217 
                 0.100 
                 0.403 
                 — 
               
               
                 7004 
                 60.000 
                 39.525 
                 — 
                 0.157 
                 0.233 
                 0.083 
               
               
                 7005 
                 63.043 
                 35.974 
                 0.431 
                 — 
                 0.500 
                 0.050 
               
               
                 7006 
                 65.000 
                 33.620 
                 0.500 
                 0.541 
                 0.337 
                 — 
               
               
                 7007 
                 62.043 
                 36.929 
                 0.087 
                 0.432 
                 0.207 
                 0.300 
               
               
                 7008 
                 64.754 
                 33.867 
                 0.093 
                 0.700 
                 0.331 
                 0.253 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0092]    Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e., C36000 alloy. 
         [0093]    Results of the measurements about tensile strength, elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion resistant performance are listed as follow: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TENSILE 
                   
                 DEZINCIFI- 
                 RELATIVE 
               
               
                   
                 STRENGTH 
                 ELONGATION  
                 CATION 
                 CUTTING  
               
               
                 No. 
                 (N/mm 2 ) 
                 RATE (%) 
                 LAYER 
                 RATE 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 7001 
                 311 
                 12 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 7002 
                 352 
                 11 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 7003 
                 365 
                 21 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 7004 
                 334 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 7005 
                 295 
                 11 
                 ∘ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 7006 
                 293 
                 10 
                 ∘ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 7007 
                 354 
                 12 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 7008 
                 389 
                 10 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 C36000 alloy 
                 394 
                 9 
                 
                           
                 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0094]    Embodiment 8 
         [0095]    Table 8-1 lists inventive products 8 with 8 different constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are respectively numbered as 8001-8008, each constituent being in the unit of weight percentage (wt %). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 8-1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 copper 
                   
                 magnesium 
                 antimony 
                 manganese 
                 aluminum 
                   
                 phosphorus 
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 (Cu) 
                 zinc (Zn) 
                 (Mg) 
                 (Sb) 
                 (Mn) 
                 (Al) 
                 tin (Sn) 
                 (P) 
                 boron (B) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 8001 
                 63.120 
                 35.186 
                 0.450 
                 0.150 
                 0.055 
                 0.350 
                 0.050 
                 0.087 
                 — 
               
               
                 8002 
                 60.000 
                 39.184 
                 0.100 
                 — 
                 0.105 
                 0.231 
                 0.377 
                 — 
                 0.001 
               
               
                 8003 
                 61.157 
                 37.521 
                 0.243 
                 0.050 
                 0.374 
                 0.100 
                 0.094 
                 0.050 
                 0.009 
               
               
                 8004 
                 62.300 
                 36.508 
                 — 
                 0.010 
                 — 
                 0.493 
                 0.178 
                 0.211 
                 0.008 
               
               
                 8005 
                 62.138 
                 35.691 
                 0.500 
                 0.130 
                 0.109 
                 0.700 
                 0.203 
                 0.300 
                 0.007 
               
               
                 8006 
                 65.000 
                 33.526 
                 0.337 
                 — 
                 0.500 
                 0.337 
                 0.095 
                 0.198 
                 0.005 
               
               
                 8007 
                 63.433 
                 34.703 
                 0.295 
                 0.075 
                 0.089 
                 0.205 
                 0.500 
                 0.188 
                 0.010 
               
               
                 8008 
                 63.064 
                 35.416 
                 0.250 
                 0.053 
                 0.050 
                 — 
                 0.498 
                 0.067 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0096]    Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e., C36000 alloy. 
         [0097]    Results of the measurements about tensile strength, elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion resistant performance are listed as follow: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TENSILE 
                   
                 DEZINCIFI- 
                 RELATIVE 
               
               
                   
                 STRENGTH 
                 ELONGATION  
                 CATION 
                 CUTTING  
               
               
                 No. 
                 (N/mm 2 ) 
                 RATE (%) 
                 LAYER 
                 RATE 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 8001 
                 374 
                 12 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 8002 
                 299 
                 24 
                 ∘ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 8003 
                 310 
                 19 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 8004 
                 311 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 8005 
                 399 
                 15 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 8006 
                 384 
                 10 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 8007 
                 367 
                 11 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 8008 
                 353 
                 14 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 C36000 alloy 
                 394 
                 9 
                 
                           
                 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0098]    Embodiment 9 
         [0099]    Table 9-1 lists inventive products 9 with 8 different constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are respectively numbered as 9001-9008, each constituent being in the unit of weight percentage (wt %). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 9-1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 copper 
                   
                 magnesium 
                 antimony 
                 manganese 
                 aluminum 
                   
                 phosphorus 
                 boron 
                 nickel 
                 chrome 
                 iron 
               
               
                 No. 
                 (Cu) 
                 zinc (Zn) 
                 (Mg) 
                 (Sb) 
                 (Mn) 
                 (Al) 
                 tin (Sn) 
                 (P) 
                 (B) 
                 (Ni) 
                 (Cr) 
                 (Fe) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 9001 
                 60.321 
                 38.107 
                 0.453 
                 0.078 
                 — 
                 0.293 
                 0.085 
                 0.056 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.007 
               
               
                 9002 
                 61.050 
                 37.387 
                 0.100 
                 0.150 
                 0.067 
                 — 
                 0.050 
                 0.143 
                 0.009 
                 0.250 
                 0.112 
                 0.132 
               
               
                 9003 
                 62.223 
                 36.093 
                 0.118 
                 0.053 
                 0.500 
                 0.100 
                 0.055 
                 — 
                 0.001 
                 0.148 
                 0.008 
                 0.201 
               
               
                 9004 
                 62.350 
                 36.702 
                 0.119 
                 — 
                 0.109 
                 0.105 
                 0.155 
                 0.050 
                 0.010 
                 — 
                 0.150 
                 0.250 
               
               
                 9005 
                 65.000 
                 32.675 
                 0.500 
                 0.010 
                 0.237 
                 0.700 
                 0.207 
                 0.287 
                 0.007 
                 0.087 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 9006 
                 64.487 
                 33.545 
                 0.373 
                 0.092 
                 0.498 
                 0.583 
                 0.211 
                 — 
                 0.005 
                 — 
                 0.006 
                 — 
               
               
                 9007 
                 60.000 
                 38.051 
                 — 
                 0.147 
                 — 
                 0.473 
                 0.500 
                 0.300 
                 0.004 
                 0.009 
                 0.103 
                 0.113 
               
               
                 9008 
                 63.185 
                 35.314 
                 0.208 
                 0.118 
                 0.050 
                 0.373 
                 0.321 
                 0.217 
                 — 
                 0.007 
                 0.001 
                 0.006 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0100]    Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e., C36000 alloy. 
         [0101]    Results of the measurements about tensile strength, elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion resistant performance are listed as follow: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TENSILE 
                   
                 DEZINCIFI- 
                 RELATIVE 
               
               
                   
                 STRENGTH 
                 ELONGATION  
                 CATION 
                 CUTTING  
               
               
                 No. 
                 (N/mm 2 ) 
                 RATE (%) 
                 LAYER 
                 RATE 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 9001 
                 310 
                 12 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 9002 
                 318 
                 11 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 9003 
                 320 
                 21 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 9004 
                 341 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 9005 
                 387 
                 15 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 9006 
                 379 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 9007 
                 311 
                 12 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 9008 
                 386 
                 10 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 C36000 alloy 
                 394 
                 9 
                 
                           
                 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0102]    Embodiment 10 
         [0103]    Table 10-1 lists inventive products 10 with 8 different constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are respectively numbered as 10001-10008, each constituent being in the unit of weight percentage (wt %). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 10-1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 copper 
                   
                 magnesium 
                 antimony 
                 manganese 
                 aluminum 
                   
                 phosphorus 
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 (Cu) 
                 zinc (Zn) 
                 (Mg) 
                 (Sb) 
                 (Mn) 
                 (Al) 
                 tin (Sn) 
                 (P) 
                 boron (B) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 10001 
                 61.099 
                 38.035 
                 0.454 
                 0.054 
                 0.056 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 10002 
                 62.413 
                 36.677 
                 0.500 
                 0.010 
                 0.050 
                 — 
                 0.050 
                 — 
                 0.008 
               
               
                 10003 
                 60.073 
                 39.148 
                 0.198 
                 0.076 
                 — 
                 0.203 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 10004 
                 60.000 
                 38.183 
                 0.231 
                 0.075 
                 0.432 
                 0.100 
                 0.310 
                 0.067 
                 — 
               
               
                 10005 
                 60.043 
                 37.982 
                 0.100 
                 0.150 
                 0.500 
                 0.507 
                 0.106 
                 0.050 
                 0.010 
               
               
                 10006 
                 63.661 
                 34.510 
                 0.307 
                 0.100 
                 0.108 
                 0.700 
                 — 
                 0.203 
                 0.009 
               
               
                 10007 
                 65.000 
                 33.440 
                 0.273 
                 0.054 
                 0.310 
                 0.432 
                 0.088 
                 — 
                 0.001 
               
               
                 10008 
                 64.398 
                 33.251 
                 0.203 
                 0.073 
                 0.298 
                 0.670 
                 0.500 
                 0.300 
                 0.005 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0104]    Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e., C36000 alloy. 
         [0105]    Results of the measurements about tensile strength, elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion resistant performance are listed as follow: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TENSILE 
                   
                 DEZINCIFI- 
                 RELATIVE 
               
               
                   
                 STRENGTH 
                 ELONGATION  
                 CATION 
                 CUTTING  
               
               
                 No. 
                 (N/mm 2 ) 
                 RATE (%) 
                 LAYER 
                 RATE 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 10001 
                 301 
                 22 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 10002 
                 323 
                 11 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 10003 
                 300 
                 20 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 10004 
                 311 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 10005 
                 320 
                 10 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 10006 
                 379 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 10007 
                 387 
                 12 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 10008 
                 396 
                 10 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 C36000 alloy 
                 394 
                 9 
                 
                           
                 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0106]    Embodiment 11 
         [0107]    Table 11-1 lists inventive products 11 with 8 different constituents which are fabricated with the above process, which are respectively numbered as 11001-11008, each constituent being in the unit of weight percentage (wt %). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 11-1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 copper 
                 zinc 
                 magnesium 
                 antimony 
                 manganese 
                 aluminum 
                   
                 phosphorus 
                 boron 
                 nickel 
                 chrome 
                 iron 
               
               
                 No. 
                 (Cu) 
                 (Zn) 
                 (Mg) 
                 (Sb) 
                 (Mn) 
                 (Al) 
                 tin (Sn) 
                 (P) 
                 (B) 
                 (Ni) 
                 (Cr) 
                 (Fe) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 11001 
                 61.113 
                 38.185 
                 0.105 
                 0.130 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.079 
                 0.067 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.021 
               
               
                 11002 
                 60.002 
                 38.030 
                 0.100 
                 0.111 
                 0.057 
                 0.700 
                 0.204 
                 0.050 
                 — 
                 0.085 
                 0.111 
                 0.250 
               
               
                 11003 
                 60.000 
                 39.013 
                 0.213 
                 0.105 
                 0.050 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.134 
                 0.001 
                 0.250 
                 — 
                 0.034 
               
               
                 11004 
                 64.322 
                 33.670 
                 0.322 
                 0.010 
                 0.107 
                 0.455 
                 0.500 
                 0.233 
                 0.007 
                 — 
                 0.084 
                 — 
               
               
                 11005 
                 65.000 
                 33.355 
                 0.206 
                 0.059 
                 — 
                 0.100 
                 0.344 
                 — 
                 0.010 
                 0.101 
                 0.015 
                 0.210 
               
               
                 11006 
                 63.122 
                 34.726 
                 0.500 
                 0.031 
                 0.500 
                 0.104 
                 0.050 
                 0.300 
                 0.009 
                 0.044 
                 0.009 
                 0.005 
               
               
                 11007 
                 62.397 
                 35.662 
                 0.493 
                 0.044 
                 0.432 
                 0.233 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.005 
                 0.197 
                 0.030 
                 0.007 
               
               
                 11008 
                 64.920 
                 32.869 
                 0.405 
                 0.150 
                 0.210 
                 0.653 
                 0.133 
                 0.095 
                 0.008 
                 0.007 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0108]    Measurements about cutting performance, dezincification corrosion resistant performance, tensile strength, and elongation rate are performed on alloys with the above constituents in the cast state at room temperature, and the reference sample is a lead-containing brass with the same state and specification, i.e., C36000 alloy. 
         [0109]    Results of the measurements about tensile strength, elongation rate, cutting performance, and dezincification corrosion resistant performance are listed as follow: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TENSILE 
                   
                 DEZINCIFI- 
                 RELATIVE 
               
               
                   
                 STRENGTH 
                 ELONGATION  
                 CATION 
                 CUTTING  
               
               
                 No. 
                 (N/mm 2 ) 
                 RATE (%) 
                 LAYER 
                 RATE 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 11001 
                 317 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 11002 
                 320 
                 12 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 11003 
                 305 
                 18 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 11004 
                 374 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 11005 
                 378 
                 15 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 11006 
                 381 
                 13 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 11007 
                 369 
                 12 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 11008 
                 391 
                 10 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 C36000 alloy 
                 394 
                 9 
                 
                           
                 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0110]    As can be seen, the lead-free bismuth-free silicon-free brass alloy of the invention can be formed by adding various constituents in respective ratio, and then subjecting them to a process in a high-frequency melting furnace. The resulting brass alloy has a mechanical processability which is comparable with that of the existing lead-containing brass, has an excellent tensile strength, elongation rate, and dezincification resistance, and is lead-free. As a result, the brass alloy is suitable for replacing the existing lead-containing brass alloy and for producing parts like faucet and sanitary ware. 
         [0111]    Although the invention has been described with respect to embodiments thereof, these embodiments do not intend to limit the invention. The ordinary skilled in the art can made modifications and changes to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the protection of the invention is defined by the appended claims.