Abstract:
A motor-driven trailer swivel jack is described that includes a detachable steering assembly. The steering assembly is fastened to the jack by both electrical and mechanical fasteners. The mechanical fastener allows the steering assembly to freely pivot in the vertical direction, which allows the user to maintain a grip on the steering as the jack moves over rough terrain. The mechanical fastener provides a rigid connection in the horizontal direction, which allows steering forces to be transferred to the jack without loss. The electrical connector is mounted between the motor and its power source. All the wiring necessary to connect the motor to the power source and the switch to control the motor is located in, or attached to, the removable steering assembly. When the steering assembly is removed, the de-energized motor effectively brakes the wheel of the jack, which complements the absence of a steering mechanism to make the jack difficult to accidentally move or tamper with.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention relates generally to electromechanical drives for facilitating the manual movement and positioning of a trailer after the trailer is uncoupled from a towing vehicle and more particularly to wheeled jacks for supporting trailers at their tongues when they uncoupled from the towing vehicle. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     There are a variety of types of mechanisms for aiding the transport of a trailer uncoupled from its towing vehicle. One of the most common is the swivel jack. 
     Swivel jacks are typically pivotally mounted to the tongues of trailers. These jacks typically have wheels at their bases that support the trailer in place of the hitch of the towing vehicle. The jack provides a third support point that cooperates with the two ground support points provided by the conventional two wheels and axle of a trailer. In their simplest implementations, the jacks provide a third ground wheel so that the trailer can be manually pushed or pulled into a storage station or area. Often these areas require the trailer to be moved over surfaces that offer significant resistance to rotation of the trailer wheels, such as gravel or soft turf. An example of a hand-powered swivel jack is the model no. 372169 marine swivel jack, manufactured by Fulton Performance Products of Mosinee, Wis. www.fultonpreformance.com 
     In order to make these swivel jacks easier to use, motors are sometimes added to them for the purpose of driving the wheel. An example of this type of adaptation of the swivel jack is found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,861,482 (hereinafter “the &#39;482 patent”), which illustrates a power-driven swivel jack that is detachable from a trailer tongue. A steering arm attached to the body of the swivel jack in the &#39;482 patent and allows the user to steer the trailer as it moves under the power of the jack. The steering arm extends transversely from the vertical pivot axis of the jack and is attached to the jack at a point such that the steering force is applied to the jack at the top of the jack and along the vertical pivot axis. 
     Even with power driven swivel jacks, it&#39;s difficult to steer the trailer by controlling a steering arm. Turning the wheel requires considerable force, particularly if the trailer is heavy and the road conditions are other than smooth and hard. In some jacks, this problem is addressed by making the wheel from a hard plastic with a relatively smooth tread. Although this solution makes the jack easier to steer, it compromises the traction of the wheel to the ground, making the driving of the wheel more difficult. Moreover, in the swivel jack illustrated in the &#39;482 patent, the steering arm is mounted to the top of the jack, which provides the user with very little if any tactile information about the direction of the wheel as the trailer is steered. 
     None of these known swivel jacks have satisfactory and efficient steering assemblies and wheel mechanisms for easily moving and steering a trailer over rough terrain like gravel or soft turf. In addition, none of these jacks transmit substantially all of the torque for turning and steering the swivel jack to the wheel fork assembly, making the manual steering of the jack sometimes difficult. For example, the swivel jack of the &#39;482 patent applies the torque for steering the wheel of the jack at the extreme end of the jack opposite the wheel. Thus, some of the torque is taken up in the torsion of the jack caused by the opposing forces at the ends of the jack—i.e., the torque applied at the top of the jack by the steering arm and frictional resistance to it at the interface between the wheel and the ground. This remoteness of the steering force to the resistance it must overcome gives the user a feel that the steering is not nimble and or sluggish in responding to changes in the magnitude or direction of the force applied to the steering arm. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with the invention, a trailer swivel jack is provided with a steering assembly for maneuvering the power driven jack in a manner that provides the user with a tactile sense of greater control than previously possible. The steering assembly is detachable from the jack by way of a quick release fastener, which allows the steering mechanism to be safely stored away when not being used. Moreover, the steering mechanism also includes a control switch for operating the motor driving the wheel of the jack. Like the mechanical connection of the steering assembly to the jack, the electrical connection between the jack and the assembly is also of a quick release type. Thus, with the steering assembly removed, the jack cannot be powered, which locks the wheel in place. 
     Additional features and advantages of the invention will be made apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments that proceeds with reference to the accompanying Figures. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     While the appended claims set forth the features of the present invention with particularity, the invention, together with its objects and advantages, may be best understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which: 
     FIG. 1 is a side view of a swivel jack according to the invention bolted to the trailer tongue of a standard trailer with the removable steering assembly and motor casing attached; 
     FIG. 2 is a front view of the swivel jack illustrated in FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is the same side view of the swivel jack as illustrated in FIG. 1, except the casing for the motor has been removed to expose the motor and its associated transmissions; 
     FIG. 4 is a front view of the swivel jack illustrated in FIG. 3; 
     FIG. 5 is a side view of the swivel jack of FIGS. 1-4 pivoted into out-of-operation position; 
     FIGS. 6 a  and  6   b  are top and front views, respectively, of the removable steering assembly according to the invention isolated from the swivel jack; and 
     FIG. 7 is an electrical schematic diagram of the control switch incorporated into the steering assembly of FIGS. 6 a  and  6   b;    
     FIG. 8 is a close-up side view of the fastener assembly, where the steering assembly is attached to the fork assembly. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Turning to the drawings and referring first to FIGS. 1 through 4, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements, the invention is illustrated as an enhancement to an otherwise conventional marine swivel jack, such as the model 372169 swivel jack manufactured by Fulton Performance Products of Mosinee, Wis. In a well-known manner, the jack is attached to the tongue  1  of a trailer at an area proximate the tongue&#39;s distal end. A hollow support cylinder  2  attaches to the tongue  1  in a conventional manner and need not be explained in detail herein. 
     In keeping with the conventional design of wheeled jacks, the support cylinder receives a vertical post  3  of a fork assembly  4  for supporting a pneumatic tire and wheel assembly  5 . A twelve-volt electric motor  6  with worm drive and speed reducing transmission  23  is mounted to the fork assembly  4 , as best illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. The transmission serves two functions. First, it takes the output of the rotating motor shaft and turns it 90 degrees. Second, it reduces the rpm of the shaft. A small diameter chain sprocket  7  is mounted to the motor worm drive shaft  8 . A larger diameter chain sprocket  9  is mounted to the pneumatic wheel and tire  5 . The small and large diameter sprockets  7  and  9 , respectively, are coupled by chain  10 . This sprocket arrangement further reduces the speed of the wheel and tire assembly. Depending on the motor used, one skilled in the art of designing these types of jacks will appreciate that variations in this transmission arrangement are within the designs contemplated by the invention. The transmission reduces the rpm of the motor to provide a ground speed of about 26 feet per minute. 
     The motor  6  is a twelve-volt DC electric motor. The motor  6  is energized by a power source that is located on the trailer, boat, or towing vehicle. In one embodiment of this invention, the motor is one that is conventionally used in an electrically powered anchor winch. An example of such a motor is the motor included in the Power Winch 24 produced by Power Winch of Harrison, Ohio. An important safety aspect of the invention is that when the motor  6  is not energized, the transmission  23  acts as a brake. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the nature of the worm gear transmission  23  only allows the motor  6  to turn the transmission and actuate the wheel  5 . The wheel  5  cannot roll without being rotated by the transmission  23 . Therefore, the transmission  23  can turn the wheel  5 , but the wheel  5  cannot turn the transmission  23 . Consequently, The jack can move neither forward nor backward absent power. With the transmission acting as a brake, the jack cannot move when there is no power reaching the motor. 
     Returning to FIGS. 1 and 2, a cover  11  made of plastic, fiberglass or other similar lightweight but sturdy material encloses the motor  6 , chain  10 , and the sprockets  7  and  9 . An electrical receptacle  12  is mounted on the cover  11 . Electrical wires connect the motor  6  to the receptacle  12 . In a specific embodiment, the receptacle and corresponding male mating plug are watertight deck connections, such as the watertight deck connection receptacle and mating plug model 190-DR-CHR manufactured by Perko. 
     FIG. 5 depicts the swivel jack in the pivoted out-of-operation position. Along the lines of conventional marine swivel jacks, the support post  3  that attaches the swivel jack to the trailer can be pivoted. It pivots ninety degrees from the towing vertical position, pictured in FIGS. 1 though  4 , to the horizontal position pictured in FIG.  5 . The mounting assembly allows the swivel jack to be pivoted into a position that runs parallel to the trailer, thus maximizing ground clearance. The pivoting is accomplished by a part of the mounting assembly that is not illustrated in detail because it is a conventional feature to wheeled jacks, such as marine jack model 372169 by Fulton Performance Products. 
     In accordance with one important aspect of the invention, a steering assembly  16  is detachably fastened to the fork assembly  4 , which enables a user of the jack to directly steer the tire and wheel assembly  5  without the tactilely sensed lost motion in the steering resulting from torsion in the body of the jack when the steering force is introduced at a point on the jack remote from the wheel and tire assembly  5 . The steering assembly  16  is mounted to the fork assembly  4  by way of a fastener  15  that allows for the quick release of the steering assembly when the jack is not in use. 
     FIG. 8 represents a detailed view of the fastener  15  for the steering assembly  16 . Two opposing flanges  13   a  and  13   b  are mounted to the top of the fork assembly  4 . Each of the flanges  13   a  and  13   b  includes a bore  14   a  and  14   b,  respectively, that functions as a journal for a removable pin  17  of the fastener  15 . In the illustrated embodiment, the opposing flanges  13   a  and  13   b  are separated by a distance slightly greater than a diameter of a cylindrically shaped column  16   a  of the steering assembly  16 . The pin  17  may be a cotterless hitch pin such as the model no. 336-A, item 2456 by Hillman of Cincinnati, Ohio. 
     The distal end  18  of the column  16   a  is secured to the fork assembly  4  by the removable pin fastener  17 . The distal end  18  of the steering column  16   a  is moved into the space between the two opposing flanges  13   a  and  13   b  and a bore  19  in the distal end of the column is aligned with the bores  14   a  and  14   b  in the flanges. With the bores  14   a,    14   b  and  19  in alignment, the removable pin  17  slides through the bores, thereby fastening the steering column  16   a  to the fork assembly  4 . On one end, the removable pin  17  has a circular ring  17   a  extending through a small hole in the pin, keeping it from sliding out of the aligned bores. The circular ring  17   a  is also used to pull out the cylindrical fastener pin  17 . On the other end, the pin  17  has a captured ball bearing  17   b  that keeps the pin from sliding out in the other direction. The pin  17  can easily be removed by depressing the ball. This pin fastener  15  allows for quick and easy removal of the steering assembly from the fork assembly. 
     Many types of mechanical fasteners other than the one illustrated in the drawing and described in detail above could be used to fasten the steering assembly to the fork assembly. Any alternative fastener, however, must provide at least two important functions in keeping with the invention. First, the fastener must allow for articulation between the steering assembly  16  and the fork assembly  4 . Specifically, the fastener should allow for free vertical movement of the steering assembly  16  to accommodate the up and down motion of the jack as it travels over rough terrain. In addition, this free vertical movement allows users of different heights to angle the steering assembly  16  at a pitch that presents the handle at a comfortable height. Second, the fastener must provide a rigid connection between the steering and the fork assembly for movement of the steering assembly in a horizontal plane. A rigid connection in a horizontal plane allows the steering forces to be transferred directly to the fork assembly  4  with negligible loss. 
     Another important aspect of the invention is the quality of its safety features. In this regard, the steering assembly  16  is removable, as depicted in FIGS. 6 a  and  6   b,  which aids in preventing accidental or unauthorized use of the jack. With the steering assembly  16  removed, the jack can be neither easily energized nor steered. Moreover, when the steering assembly  16  is removed, the DC motor  6  and the associated transmission  23  in effect function as a brake to retard movement of the wheel and tire assembly  5 . 
     The steering assembly  16  is mechanical secured to the fork assembly  4  by the fastener  15  described above, which allows the steering assembly to be de-coupled from the jack. The electrical connector or fastener joining the switch  19  mounted to the steering assembly  16  to the motor  6  driving the jack is a removable connector having a conventional plug/receptacle interface. A wire  25  is threaded inside the steering assembly  16  and serves to connect the motor  6  to a power source such as a DC battery. One end of the wire  25  ends in a plug  21  for mating to the receptacle  12 . The other end of the wire  25  ends in a plug  22  for mating with a receptacle connected to a twelve-volt, DC power source  26  (FIG.  7 ), which can be mounted on either the boat, trailer or towing vehicle. Many types of plugs that properly connect to the power source  26  will suffice, as long as they can be easily and repeatedly connected and disconnected, are rated for the required voltage and amperage and are designed for outdoor use. 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the plug/receptacle for connecting to the trolling motor power source is, for example, a model 445 receptacle manufactured by Rig-Rite, Incorporated of Warwick, R.I. An exemplary plug  21 /receptacle  12  for fastening the wire  25  to the jack is a male watertight deck connection model 190-DR-CHR manufactured by Perko. 
     Between the two plug/receptacles is a double-pole double-throw (“DPDT”) momentary rocker switch  19 , such as the Momentary On-Off-Momentary On rocker switch, model 58027-11 built by Cole Hersee of Boston, Mass. The switch  19  is actuated by a user&#39;s thumb as the user grips the steering assembly at the handle  17 . The three positions of the switch  19  operate the drive wheel  5  in forward, off or reverse. Preferably, an access cover  18  allows the wiring of the switch  19  to be exposed for repair and maintenance. When the trailer is not in use, the steering assembly  16  can easily be removed by simply removing the fastener pin  15 , as depicted in FIG.  8 . It can then be stowed away. 
     Because the steering assembly  16  includes the wire that connects the motor to its power source, when the steering assembly is removed, the motor  6  cannot be energized and therefore the transmission cannot be engaged. Absent some way of hotwiring the motor  6  to a power source, the standing trailer is immovable when the steering assembly  16  is removed. This includes when the trailer is on a incline because the worm drive, speed-reducing transmission  23  can use the electrical power to turn the wheel, but not vice versa. 
     Referring to the electrical schematic of FIG. 7, the electrical circuit of the swivel jack includes the DC power source  26 , the motor  6 , the plug  12 /receptacle  21  that interfaces the switch  19  to the motor, the plug/receptacle  22  that interfaces the switch to the power source  26  and the switch that connects the motor to the power source. The electric power source is any 12-volt DC power supply supplied by the boat, trailer or towing vehicle. The motor  6  is mounted to the fork assembly  4 . 
     The DPDT momentary rocker switch  19  is located on the handle  16   b  of the steering assembly  16  for easy user access. Rocking the switch  19  either forward or backward establishes a circuit through the plugs  21 / 22 , switch, power source  26  and motor  6 , which delivers electrical energy to the motor, activating the drive wheel arrangement in either forward or reverse. The motor  6  turns the worm gear transmission  23 . The transmission  23  drives rotation of the wheel in one direction. Because the switch  19  is a momentary switch, the instant that the user releases the switch it immediately returns to a centered position that is the electrical “off” position, where the circuit is broken and the motor  6  is de-energized. 
     All of the references cited herein, including patents, patent applications, and publications, are hereby incorporated in their entireties by reference. 
     In view of the many possible embodiments to which the principles of this invention may be applied, it should be recognized that the embodiment described herein with respect to the drawing Figures is meant to be illustrative only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of invention. For example, those of skill in the art will recognize that the elements of the illustrated embodiment shown in software may be implemented in hardware and vice versa or that the illustrated embodiment can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention as described herein contemplates all such embodiments as may come within the scope of the following claims and equivalents thereof.