Abstract:
The present invention has a technical objective of providing a distinctive display format for machine-readable dot patterns which does not harm the aesthetics of images displayed on a display device. The dot pattern is made machine readable by providing the periphery of dots with a contrast control region and/or an anti-aliasing region which are distinguishable from the surrounding image. Thus enabled is the embedding of the two-dimensional codes which cannot he recognized by audiences yet machine readable on video or images on the screen of a display device. An audience can easily acquire information defined by the dot patterns using a digital camera, a video camera, a portable telephone camera, a web camera, or the like to image the screen of the display device or to capture the screen as data.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a display format which allows a display device to display dot patterns as a kind of two-dimensional codes in a machine-readable condition. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Adding information to video (a moving image) or an image (a still image) is easily realized by drawing a two-dimensional code in the image. 
         [0003]    In Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-159569, a two-dimensional barcode is displayed on a television monitor during a television shopping program, a television commercial, and the like. When a portable terminal reads out the two-dimensional barcode, the portable terminal acquires a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) for ordering products and services and accesses the server of the vendor of the teleshopping system. Then, after exchanges between the server and the portable terminal, the order details are confirmed. 
         [0004]    Publications of Japanese Patents No. 3706385 and No. 3771252 disclose dot patterns as two-dimensional codes which can be superimposediy printed on images. 
         [0005]    Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No 2007-36833 discloses a method of embedding a digital watermark in one frame of video. 
         [0006]    Publication of Japanese Patent No. 4478992 discloses an influence that pixel information embedded in one frame of video as an index is affected by irreversible compression. 
         [0007]    Patent Literature 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-159569 
         [0008]    Patent Literature 2: Publication of Japanese Patent No. 3706385 
         [0009]    Patent Literature 3: Publication of Japanese Patent No. 3771252 
         [0010]    Patent Literature 4: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-36833 
         [0011]    Patent Literature 5: Publication of Japanese Patent No. 4478992 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Problems that the Invention is to Solve 
       [0012]    However, since the two-dimensional code used in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-159569 occupies a certain area of a television screen as it is obvious from the drawings of Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-159569, there is a problem of harming the aesthetics of the television program. 
         [0013]    Also, while Publications of Japanese. Patents No. 3706385 and No. 3771252 disclose techniques of reading printed dot patterns, there is a technical problem inherent to inputting and outputting information by reading dot patterns displayed on a screen of a display device. 
         [0014]    The present invention has been made in consideration of these problems. The present invention has a technical objective to provide a unique display format of machine-readable dot patterns, which does not harm the aesthetics of an image displayed on a display device. 
       Means to Solve the Problems 
       [0015]    &lt;1&gt; In the display format using a display device for machine-readable dot patterns of the present invention, the display format is for displaying, using the display device, the machine-readable dot pattern where a plurality of dots are arranged in accordance with a predetermined rule over a whole region or at least one predetermined region of at least a predetermined frame, and the plurality of dots comprise a plurality of information dots or the plurality of information dots and reference dots. 
         [0016]    &lt;2&gt; Preferably, a contrast control region which is distinguishable from the dots is provided between the dots and the surrounding pixel region. 
         [0017]    &lt;3&gt; Preferably, between the dots and a surrounding pixel region or between the contrast control region and the surrounding pixel region is provided an anti-aliasing region were pixel colors gradually change from the pixel colors of the surrounding pixel region to the pixel color of the dots or to the pixel color of the contrast control region. 
         [0018]    &lt;4&gt; Preferably, the pixel color of the contrast control region is a complimentary color of the pixel color of the dots. 
         [0019]    &lt;5&gt; Preferably, (i) the pixel color of the contrast control region is an achromatic color, and the pixel color of the dots is a chromatic color; or (ii) the pixel color of the contrast control region is a chromatic color, and the pixel color of the dots is an achromatic color. 
         [0020]    &lt;6&gt; Preferably, (i) the pixel color of the contrast control region is white, and the pixel color of the dots is black; or (ii) the pixel color of the contrast control region is black, and the pixel color of the dots is white. 
         [0021]    &lt;7&gt; Preferably, the pixel color of the dots is distinguishable from the pixel colors of the surrounding pixel region. 
         [0022]    &lt;8&gt; Preferably, the pixel color of the contrast control region is distinguishable from the pixel colors of the surrounding pixel region, and the pixel color of the dots is distinguishable from the pixel color of the contrast control region. 
         [0023]    &lt;9&gt; Preferably, in the machine-readable dot pattern, a dot code is defined by determining: a region where the dot code and/or a set of X and Y coordinates are defined; an orientation of the dot pattern; and arrangements of the information dots, with reference to the reference dots arranged in accordance with the predetermined rule. 
         [0024]    &lt;10&gt; Preferably, a plurality of the machine-readable dot patterns, in each of which the dot code and/or X and Y coordinates are defined, are provided in the predetermined region by coupling or abutting one another in vertical and horizontal directions. 
         [0025]    &lt;11&gt; In the machine-readable dot pattern, the dot code and/or X and Y coordinates are defined by the pixel colors of the dots and/or the contrast control region. 
         [0026]    &lt;12&gt; Whether the machine-readable dot pattern is being displayed or not can be judged by whether or not the plurality of information dots or the plurality of information dots and reference dots are arranged at a predetermined position in the predetermined frame. 
         [0027]    &lt;13&gt; Preferably, when displaying the machine-readable of pattern, an index for identifying an image displayed on the display device is displayed in a same frame as a frame displaying the machine-readable dot pattern. 
       Advantageous Effect of the Invention 
       [0028]    According to the present invention, machine-readable dot patterns can be appropriately displayed on a display device. 
         [0029]    According to the present invention, having a contrast control region and/or an anti-aliasing region, dots can be firmly recognized even if a compressed video and image is broadcasted or reproduced. 
         [0030]    Also, using dot patterns, as each dot is small, two-dimensional codes which are unviewable to audiences yet machine-readable can be embedded in video or images on a screen of a display device. 
         [0031]    In this way, information defined in the dot pattern can be easily obtained by imaging the screen of the display device or capturing the screen as data, using a camera for recording visible light such as digital cameras, video cameras, portable telephone cameras, web cameras, and the like. 
         [0032]    Further, having a plurality of dot patterns, where dot codes and/or X and Y coordinates are defined, coupling and connecting one another in vertical and horizontal directions, the information can be acquired by imaging or capturing only part of the screen of the display device. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0033]      FIG. 1  is a diagram showing a dot matrix  102  of a first embodiment; 
           [0034]      FIG. 2  is a diagram showing a dot matrix  102  of a second embodiment; 
           [0035]      FIG. 3  is a diagram showing a dot matrix  102  of a third embodiment; 
           [0036]      FIG. 4  is a diagram showing a dot matrix  102  of a fourth embodiment; 
           [0037]      FIG. 5  is a diagram showing a dot matrix  102  of other shape; 
           [0038]      FIG. 6  is a diagram showing an example of the dot pattern  101 ; 
           [0039]      FIGS. 7A and 7B  are diagrams showing examples of how to define information using an information dot  602 ; 
           [0040]      FIG. 8  is a diagram showing information which can be defined by the dot pattern  101 ; 
           [0041]      FIG. 9  is a diagram showing an example of displaying the dot pattern  101  on the display device  201 ; 
           [0042]      FIG. 10  is a diagram illustrating a procedure for an audience to utilize a service using the present invention; 
           [0043]      FIG. 11  is a diagram showing an example of embedding an index  701 ; 
           [0044]      FIG. 12  is a diagram showing a dot pattern  101  which comprises the dot matrix  102  of the second embodiment; 
           [0045]      FIG. 13  is a diagram showing a dot pattern  101  which comprises the dot matrix  102  of the third embodiment; and 
           [0046]      FIG. 14  is a diagram showing a dot pattern  101  which comprises the dot matrix  102  of the fourth embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0047]    The following will describe embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. 
         [0048]    To summarize the present invention, since dots and a surrounding image are hard to be distinguished when broadcasting and reproducing video or an image, the dot pattern is made machine-readable by providing, around the dots, a contrast control region and/or an anti-aliasing region which are distinguishable from the surrounding image. Further, in the dot pattern, a dot code is defined by determining: a region where the dot code and/or a set of X and Y coordinates are defined; an orientation of the dot pattern; and arrangements of the information dots, with reference to the reference dots arranged in accordance with the predetermined rule, so that the dot code can be read based on whether or not a dot exists at a location where the dot is supposed to be located. 
         [0049]    &lt;Display Format of Dots&gt; 
         [0050]    The following will describe dots  103  comprising the dot pattern.  101  displayed on the display device  201 . 
         [0051]    It should be noted that, while “dots” are sometimes equivalent to pixels in the technical field of display devices, dots  103  in this invention means dots as elements constituting the dot pattern  101 , based on a different concept from the “dots” as pixels of display devices. 
         [0052]    In the present invention, dots themselves as constituents of a dot pattern  101  are referred to as “dots  103 ” Also, dots which are actually displayed on the display device  201  using the display format of the present invention are referred to as a “dot matrix  102 .” 
         [0053]    A region in an image  301  other than a region occupied by the dot matrix  102  is referred to as a surrounding pixel region  106  in this invention. 
       First Embodiment  
       [0054]    The display format of a dot matrix  102  of the first embodiment will he described. 
         [0055]      FIG. 1  is a diagram showing a dot matrix  102  comprising the dot pattern  101  displayed on a display device  201  in the first embodiment. 
         [0056]    The dot matrix  102  comprises only clots  103 . 
         [0057]    &lt;Dots&gt; 
         [0058]    The dots  103  will be described in details. It should he noted that this explanation of the dots will also he valid to the following other embodiments. 
         [0059]    The color of the dots  10 $ will be determined in relation with a surrounding pixel region  106 . That is, a pixel color distinguishable from the pixel colors of the surrounding pixel region  106  will be used. A color which is not used in the surrounding pixel region  108  is most preferably used. 
         [0060]    In the display format of the present invention, the arrangement of a dot matrix  102  is recognized by RGB values of the dots  103 . 
         [0061]    The dot pattern  101  can be appropriately imaged and recognized using a general use camera with a display device, of any size when the sizes of the dots  103  are approximately 2 to 4 pixels×2 to 4 pixels and the interval between the reference dots is approximately 10 to 40 pixels, excluding one pixel affected by a disorder of the display device and in consideration of the influences from the surrounding pixel region  106 , even in a case in which the compression standard of the image or video including the dot pattern  101  is irreversible compression. It should be noted that, when dots are large or the size of the dots are relatively larger for the interval of the reference dots, the dot pattern can be made unrecognizable to audiences by displaying the dot pattern approximately 1 to 2 frames for each 10 to 30 frames with video which is displayed by a display device at 30 frames/second, approximately 1 to 4 frames for each 20 to 60 frames with video which is displayed at 60 frames/second. To make the dot pattern even harder to recognize, pixel colors which are hard to be recognized may be used with a precondition in which the pixel color of the dots and the pixel color of the contrast region are recognizable from surrounding pixel colors. 
       Second Embodiment  
       [0062]    The display format of a dot matrix  102  of the second embodiment will be described. 
         [0063]      FIG. 2  is a diagram showing a dot matrix  102  comprising the dot pattern  101  displayed on a display device  201  in the second embodiment. 
         [0064]    The clot matrix  102  comprises dots  103  and a contrast control region  104 . 
         [0065]    As shown in  FIG. 2 , the dots  103  are arranged at the innermost part of the dot matrix  102 , and the contrast control region  104  is arranged to circumscribe the dots  103  without space therebetween. 
         [0066]    &lt;Contrast Control Region&gt; 
         [0067]    The contrast control region  104  will be described in details. This explanation will also be valid to the following other embodiments. 
         [0068]    The color of the contrast control region  104  is displayed as a complementary color of the color of the dots  103 . Having the contrast control region  104 , the location of the dots  103  can be accurately recognized upon analyzing the image. 
         [0069]    Specifically, if the pixel color of the dots  103  is a chromatic color, the pixel color of the contrast control region  104  is made an achromatic color. If the pixel color of the dots  103  is an achromatic color, the pixel color of the contrast. control region  104  is made a chromatic color. 
         [0070]    Further, if the pixel color of the dots  103  is black, the pixel color of the contrast control region  104  is made white. If the pixel color of the dots  103  is white, the pixel color of the contrast control region  104  is made black. 
         [0071]    The pixel color of the contrast control region  104  is a pixel color distinguishable from the pixel colors of the surrounding pixel region  106 , and the pixel color of the dots  103  is a pixel color distinguishable from the pixel colors of the contrast control region  104 . 
         [0072]    Further, if the compression standard of an image or video including the dot pattern  101  is irreversible compression, the size of the. contrast control region  104  is preferably around 2 to 4 pixels×2 to 4 pixels in consideration of the influences from the surrounding pixel region  106 . 
       Third Embodiment  
       [0073]    The display format of a dot matrix  102  of the third embodiment will be described. 
         [0074]      FIG. 3  is a diagram showing a dot matrix  102  comprising the dot pattern  101  displayed on a display device  201  in the third embodiment. 
         [0075]    The dot matrix  102  comprises dots  103  and an anti-aliasing region  105 . 
         [0076]    As shown in  FIG. 3 , the dots  103  are arranged at the innermost part of the dot matrix  102 , and the anti-aliasing region  105  is arranged to circumscribe the dots  103  without space therebetween. 
         [0077]    &lt;Anti-Aliasing Region&gt; 
         [0078]    The anti-aliasing region  105  will be described in details. This explanation will also be valid to the following other embodiments. 
         [0079]    Anti-aliasing is generally an approach of arranging intermediate colors around a border of an image displayed on a screen of a computer, for diminishing the stairstep-like indentations (jaggies) which appear on diagonal lines and curved lines. 
         [0080]    The anti-aliasing region in the present invention refers to a region where pixel colors gradually change from the pixel colors of the surrounding pixel region  106  to the pixel color of the dots  103 . Having the anti-aliasing region  105 , the transition of colors from the surrounding pixel region  106  to the dots  103  becomes smooth so that the dot matrix  102  is not conspicuous to audiences and the aesthetics of the image  301  are not harmed. 
         [0081]    Further, if the compression standard of an image or video including the dot pattern  101  is irreversible compression, the size of the anti-aliasing region  105  is preferably around 2 to 4 pixels×2 to 4 pixels in consideration of the influences from the surrounding pixel region  106 . 
         [0082]    Using such a display format, the dot pattern  101  can be displayed on the display device  201  without causing a sense of discomfort to audiences by harming aesthetics. 
       Fourth Embodiment  
       [0083]    The display format of a dot matrix  102  in the fourth embodiment will be described. 
         [0084]      FIG. 4  is a diagram showing a dot matrix  102  comprising the dot pattern  101  displayed on a display device  201  in the fourth embodiment. 
         [0085]    The dot matrix  102  comprises dots  193 , a contrast control region  104 , and an anti-aliasing region  105 . 
         [0086]    As shown in  FIG. 4 , the dots  103  are arranged at the innermost part of the dot matrix  102 , and the contrast control region  104  is arranged to circumscribe the dots  103  without space therebetween. Then, the anti-aliasing region  105  is arranged to circumscribe the contrast control region  104  without space therebetween. 
         [0087]    The anti-aliasing region  105  in the fourth embodiment refers to a region where pixel colors gradually change from the pixel colors of the surrounding pixel region  106  to the pixel color of the contrast control region  104 . Having the anti-aliasing region  105 , the transition of colors from the surrounding pixel region  106  to the contrast control region  104  becomes smooth so that the dot matrix  102  is not conspicuous to audiences and the aesthetics of the image  301  are not harmed. 
         [0088]    &lt;Arrangement Shape of Dots&gt; 
         [0089]    It should be noted that, while, in the examples of  FIGS. 1 to 4 , a unit of the dot matrix  102  is arranged in a vertical and horizontal grid, a unit of the dot matrix  102  may be arranged in a diagonal grid as shown in  FIG. 5 . 
         [0090]    &lt;Dot Pattern&gt; 
         [0091]    The following will describe how the dot pattern  101  defines information in the present invention. 
         [0092]    The dot pattern  101  defines information in accordance with the arrangement rule of the dot matrix  102 . 
         [0093]    As a method of defining the arrangement rule of the dot matrix  102  and information, known methods as exemplified in Publication of Japanese Patent No. 3706385 and Publication of Japanese Patent No. 3771252 can be utilized. 
         [0094]    It should be noted that, while Publication of Japanese Patent No. 3706385 and Publication of Japanese Patent No. 3771252 mainly describe dot patterns printed on a medium instead of dot patterns displayed on a display device, the dot patterns  101  displayed on a display device and dot patterns printed on a medium have basically no difference as for the arrangement rule of dots and methods of defining information. 
         [0095]      FIG. 6  shows a dot pattern described in Publication of Japanese Patent No. 3706385 as a representative example of the dot pattern  101 . The grid dots  601  (reference dots  601 ), information dots  602 , key dots  603  of  FIG. 6  are expressed in a dot matrix  102  which is the display format of the present invention. 
         [0096]    Further, as shown in  FIG. 6 , a plurality of the dot patterns  101  are generally coupled or abutted one another in horizontal and vertical directions. 
         [0097]    While the details are not described as the technique is known, an information dot  602  is arranged within a region surrounded by four grid dots  601 , and information is defined by a distance and a direction (a vector) with reference to a virtual point  604  which is located at a center of the same region (refer to  FIGS. 7A and 7B ). 
         [0098]    Alternatively, the information dot  602  defines information based on whether or not the information dot is arranged. Another way to define information is that the information dot  602  defines information by combining a vector and whether or not the information dot is arranged. 
         [0099]    The key dot  603  is recognized as a key dot  603  by being arranged at a location where a part of evenly arranged grid dots  601  is shifted in a predetermined direction from the original location (upward direction in  FIG. 6 ), and the key dot  603  defines the direction and size (border) of the dot pattern  101 . 
         [0100]    It should be noted that a variety of methods of defining the direction and size of the dot pattern have been known by Publication of Japanese Patent No. 3771252, such as, a method of defining the direction and size of a dot pattern by defining a part of information dots as a direction dot instead of a key dot and a method of defining the direction and size of a dot pattern by the arranged shape of the reference dots, which can be similarly applied to the dot pattern  101  of the present invention. 
         [0101]    It should be noted that, while different wording are used for “lattice dots” as described in Publication of Japanese Patent No. 3706385 and “reference dots” as described in Publication of Japanese Patent No. 3771252, those functions are the same. 
         [0102]    As shown in  FIG. 6 , unlike other two-dimensional codes, such as QR codes (registered trademark) and the like, the dot patterns  101  are unnoticeable to the audiences as the dot matrixes  102  are spaced. 
         [0103]    As shown in  FIG. 8 , the dot pattern  101  may include X and Y coordinate information and other code information (dot codes) in one block as a unit of information. 
         [0104]    Further, in the present invention, the dot pattern  101  can also define a dot code and/or X and Y coordinates based on the pixel color of the dots  103 , the pixel color of a contrast control region  104 , or a combination of these pixel colors. 
         [0105]    The reference dots  601  (or information dots  602 ) are preferably arranged at predefined locations in the image  301 . Whether a dot pattern  101  exists within an image  301  is easily determined by whether or not reference dots  601  are displayed at the predefined locations. 
         [0106]    &lt;Other Dot Pattern&gt; 
         [0107]    The dot pattern  101  may comprise only information dots  602 . In such a case, the information dot  602  defines information by whether or not the information dot  602  is arranged at a predefined position or the distance and direction from a predetermined position. 
         [0108]    &lt;Problem Inherent to Display Format&gt; 
         [0109]    The following will describe the result of a new experiment which the inventor has implemented to solve the problem inherent to when displaying the dot patterns  101  on a display device  201 . 
         [0110]    Size of Dot Matrix&gt; 
         [0111]    The smaller the dot matrix  102  is, the more unnoticeable the dot matrix  102  becomes to the audiences and lesser the dot matrix  102  harms the aesthetics of the image  3 . The dot pattern  101  can be appropriately displayed with any generally available display device when the size of the dot matrix  102  is approximately 2 to 4 pixels×2 to 4 pixels in the first embodiment, excluding one pixel affected by a disorder of the display device in case using a display device with half or full high definition resolution or more, and in consideration of influences from the surrounding pixel region  106 . 
         [0112]    For the second embodiment, the dot pattern  101  can be appropriately displayed with any generally c display device when the size of the dot matrix  102  is approximately 4 to 8 pixels×4 to 8 pixels. 
         [0113]    For the third embodiment, the dot pattern  101  can be appropriately displayed with any generally available display device when the size of the dot matrix  102  is approximately 4 to 8 pixels×4 to 8 pixels. 
         [0114]    For the fourth embodiment, the dot pattern  101  can be appropriately displayed with any generally available display device when the size of the dot matrix  102  is approximately 6 to 12 pixels×6 to 12 pixels. 
         [0115]    It will be appreciated that the size of the dot matrix  102  may be larger when only one or a few dot patterns are embedded as in a case of QR codes (registered trademark). In such a case, if the dot pattern is supposed to be noticeable, the dot pattern will be displayed continuously for arbitrary time on the display device. Whereas the dot patterns can be made unrecognizable to audiences by displaying the dot patterns approximately 1 to 2 frames for each 10 to 30 frames with video which is displayed by the display device at 30 frames/second, approximately 1 to 4 frames for each 20 to 60 frames with video which is displayed at 60 frames/second. To make the dot patterns even harder to recognize, a pixel color which is hard to be recognized may be used with a precondition in which the pixel color of the dots and the pixel color of the contrast region are recognizable from the surrounding pixel colors. 
         [0116]    &lt;Arrangement Interval of Dot Matrix&gt; 
         [0117]    The dot pattern  11  is appropriately displayed with any generally available display device when the arrangement interval of the dot matrixes  102  is approximately 10 to 40 pixels in case using a display device with half or full high definition resolution or more. It will be appreciated that the arrangement interval of the dot matrixes  102  may be wider when one or a few dot patterns axe embedded as in a case of QR codes (registered trademark). 
         [0118]    &lt;Distance Between Virtual Point and Information Dot&gt; 
         [0119]    The dot pattern  11  is appropriately displayed with any generally available display device and the information dots  602  can be recognized when the distance between a virtual point  604  and an information dot  602  is approximately 10 to 30% of the interval between reference dots  601   
         [0120]    &lt;Shift Distance of Key Dot&gt; 
         [0121]    The dot pattern  11  is appropriately displayed with any generally available display device and the key dots  602  can be recognized when a distance which a key dot  603  is shifted from a location where a grid dot  601  is arranged is approximately 10 to 30% of the interval of reference dots. 
         [0122]    &lt;Service Using the Present Invention&gt; 
         [0123]      FIG. 9  is a diagram illustrating a display device  201  which displays the dot pattern  101  (machine-readable dot pattern) of the present invention. 
         [0124]    As shown in  FIG. 9 , the display device  201  is displaying an image  301 . The image  301  includes the dot pattern  101  apart from the visual information to be viewed by the audiences. While, according to  FIG. 5 , the dot matrixes  102  are distributed over the whole image  301 , the dot matrixes  102  may be distributed only to a certain area of the image  301 . 
         [0125]      FIGS. 12 to 14  show display examples of the dot pattern  101  when the dot matrixes  102  comprise contrast control regions or anti-aliasing regions, or both. 
         [0126]    When the image  301  is one frame of video  501  of a television program, the dot pattern  101  defines information such as the title of the program, an introduction of the content of the program, casts or staff of the program, the URL of an official web site of the program, the URL of a web site which sells related products of the program, and the like. 
         [0127]    The procedure when an audience utilizes the service using the present invention will be exemplified with reference to  FIG. 10 . 
         [0128]    (1) The camera  402  captures an image  301 . 
         [0129]    (2) The storage unit  403 , not shown, in the terminal  401  stores the image data  302  captured by the camera  402 . 
         [0130]    (3) The CPU  404 , not shown, in the terminal  401  starts up a dot pattern analysis application stored in the storage unit  403 . 
         [0131]    (4) The CPU  404  analyzes the image data  302  using the dot pattern analysis application. 
         [0132]    (5) The CPU  404  recognizes the dot pattern  101  inside the image data  302 , and decodes information defined in the dot pattern  101 . 
         [0133]    (6) The CPU  404  outputs the decoded information to the output unit  405 , not shown, of the terminal  401 , and the audience browses the information. 
         [0134]    It should be noted that the service provider can arbitrarily design whether the dot pattern  101  directly defines information or the dot pattern  101  defines a numerical value which is associated with information, depending on the amount of information which can he defined by the dot pattern  101 . 
         [0135]    Further, in the above procedure, it will be appreciated without. explanation that the service provider can arbitrarily design a configuration, in which a terminal  401  sends image data  302  to a server  406 , not shown, where the dot pattern  101  in the image data  302  is analyzed and information is decoded, and the terminal  401  receives back the decoded information. 
         [0136]    &lt;Compression and Expansion of Image&gt; 
         [0137]    If video  501  (an image  301 ) displayed on the display device  201  is compressed using an irreversible video compression standard, the RGB values of the dots  103  change affected by the surrounding pixel region  106  when the video  501  is compressed and expanded. 
         [0138]    Therefore, when designing a dot pattern  101 , anticipation of the change of ROB values caused by compression and expansion is required in designing. 
         [0139]    In the present invention, the influences from the surrounding pixel region  106  to the dots  103  caused by compression and expansion is alleviated, as the contrast control region  101  and the anti-aliasing region  105  are provided around the dots  103 . 
         [0140]    Further, it will he appreciated that the influences from the surrounding pixel region  106  to the dots  103  caused by compression and expansion is also alleviated by enlarging the sizes of the dots  103 . 
         [0141]    &lt;Frame Displaying Dot Pattern&gt; 
         [0142]    To make the dot pattern  101  unnoticeable to the audiences, the dot pattern  101  is preferably displayed only part of the frames of the video  501  instead of all the frames. 
         [0143]    &lt;Index&gt; 
         [0144]    Preferably, as shown in  FIG. 11 , a known index  701  (watermark information) which can be imaged by a camera  102  is embedded at the end of video  501  (an image  301 ) besides the dot pattern  101 . 
         [0145]    The index  701  indicates information that the dot pattern  101  is embedded in one frame of the captured video  501 , in this way, only the frame is captured to analyze the dot code. 
         [0146]    &lt;Utility Example of the Invention&gt; 
         [0147]    The present invention as described so far is about a display format using a display device for machine-readable dot patterns. However, the present invention can also be utilized as a device and a method for displaying machine-readable dot patterns, a device and a method for generating an image including machine-readable dot patterns, or an image generating program. Further, the invention may also be used for other devices, methods, and programs. 
       INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
       [0148]    The present invention embodies industrial applicability as a display format for adding information when delivering video or images to display devices, typically in television broadcasts. 
       DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS AND SIGNS 
       [0149]      101  DOT PATTERN 
         [0150]      102  DOT MATRIX 
         [0151]      103  DOT 
         [0152]      104  CONTRAST CONTROL REGION 
         [0153]      105  ANTI-ALIASING REGION 
         [0154]      106  SURROUNDING PIXEL REGION 
         [0155]      201  TELEVISION 
         [0156]      301  IMAGE 
         [0157]      302  IMAGE DATA 
         [0158]      401  TERMINAL 
         [0159]      402  CAMERA 
         [0160]      403  STORAGE UNIT 
         [0161]      404  CPU 
         [0162]      405  OUTPUT UNIT 
         [0163]      406  SERVER 
         [0164]      501  VIDEO 
         [0165]      601  GRID DOT (REFERENCE DOT) 
         [0166]      602  INFORMATION DOT 
         [0167]      603  KEY DOT 
         [0168]      604  VIRTUAL ANT 
         [0169]      701  INDEX