Abstract:
Apparatus and method for the automatic packaging of one or more articles. An adjustable web guide structure that guides the webs of film into a configuration that mimics the geometry of a package to be wrapped is provided. The webs are conveyed over the guide structure, which structure provides an appropriate predetermined shape defining a web envelope for proper package entry and flow through the wrapping system. The position and geometry of the guides causes the web envelope to form around the corners of the product to be package to minimize film requirement, and allows for fluid transition from web supply rolls to package shape. External tension rods can be used to assist in preventing or minimizing web wrinkling. Guide rolls can be used in conjunction with the guide structure to assist in guiding and tracking the web material, as well as to provide axial transverse tension for proper web forming.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to automatic package wrapping apparatus and a method of automatically wrapping packages with film, preferably heat sealable film. In particular, the present invention relates to an adjustable assembly for package wrapping apparatus that pre-forms and maintains the film in a suitable configuration to receive one or more packages that are moving continuously at a variable rate of speed through the apparatus. The apparatus of the present invention is especially suitable for high profile packages.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Automatic wrapping or packaging machines are designed to wrap products in flexible sheets of plastic film, typically heat sealable thermoplastic shrink film, fully automatically at speeds that can approach 200 linear feet per minute, depending upon the package and the application. Briefly, products to be packaged are continuously fed into the wrapping machine on a conveyor. A single sheet of flat film is delivered to a forming plow from an overhead powered film unwind or an inverting head from a rear powered film unwind. The size and shape of the forming plow or the inverting head depends upon the size and profile of the product to be packaged. As the film is drawn over the forming plow or the inverting head, it is inverted and forms a tube of film inside the forming plow or the inverting head into which the product is conveyed. The product enters this tube of web material and the product itself serves to maintain the shape of the tube as the product and film then continues through the machine in unison. The two edges of the single web of film are overlapped on the bottom, side, or top of the product and are sealed together, such as with a static sealing system or a thermal sealing system. The product passes through end seal jaws that seal in between the packages and concurrently sever individual packages from the tube of film. The wrapped package then typically proceeds to a shrink tunnel located at the discharge end of the wrapping machine, which shrinks the thermal film tightly around the product. Occasionally, the wrappers are used to perform containment bagging functions only without the use of a shrink tunnel.  
           [0003]    Wrapping or packaging machines that utilize two webs of material, one fed from above the product and one fed from below, that automatically wrap around the product and are sealed also are known.  
           [0004]    One example of conventional automatic wrapping machines that uses an inverting head instead of a plow to invert the film and form the tube into which the product is conveyed is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,219,988. An inverter head is positioned at a 45° angle with respect to the direction of package flow, and the sheet of film fed from an unwind wraps around the head and is inverted (the outside surface of the film web becomes the inside as the web forms around the head). As the package emerges from the vicinity of the inverting head, the film is enveloped around it. The wrapped package proceeds to a thermal side seal unit, and eventually to the end seal unit.  
           [0005]    Machines such as these function well for low profile products and are used pervasively for such applications. However, as the height or profile of the products to be packaged increases, the geometric shape and scale of size of the inverting head or the forming plow become unmanageable in size for practical use. The forming plow is affected by the width of the web passing over it. The inverting head is affected by the length of cantilever extension. As a result, significant web tracking problems arise from material handling issues of that scale. The result is substantial difficulty in the execution of the wrapping process, unattractive finished product, and/or complete inability to wrap product.  
           [0006]    It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for effectively wrapping high profile products.  
           [0007]    It is another object of the present invention to provide a guide system for guiding the webs to form and maintain a predetermined geometric shape, independently of the location of the product, the shape being configured to envelope a product to be packaged.  
           [0008]    It is a further object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for reliable and quality automatic wrapping of products utilizing two webs of flexible, sealable material while avoiding web-tracking problems.  
           [0009]    Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and drawings.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0010]    The problems of the prior art have been overcome by the present invention, which provides an apparatus and method for the automatic packaging of one or more articles. More specifically, the present invention includes an adjustable web guide structure that guides the webs of film into a configuration that mimics the geometry of a package to be wrapped. The webs are conveyed over the guide structure, which structure provides an appropriate predetermined shape defining a web envelope for proper package entry and flow through the wrapping system. The position and geometry of the guides causes the web envelope to form around the perimeter of the product to be package to minimize film requirement, and allows for fluid transition from web supply rolls to package shape. Preferably the guide structure assembly extends deep into the machine direction profile, thereby maintaining the appropriate shape even during a side sealing operation. External tension rods and fold transition rods can be used to assist in preventing or minimizing web wrinkling.  
           [0011]    In a further embodiment of the present invention, guide rolls are used in conjunction with the guide structure to assist in guiding and tracking the web material, as well as to provide axial transverse tension for proper web forming. The guide rolls reduce or eliminate web walk-out. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0012]    [0012]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the adjustable guide assembly in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 2 is a front view of the assembly of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 3 is an end view of the assembly of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a guide rod that forms part of the guide assembly in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of guide rolls in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; and  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 6 is a top cross-sectional view of the guide rolls of FIG. 5 in accordance with the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0018]    Turning now to FIGS. 1-3, there is shown generally at  10  a web guide assembly in accordance with the present invention. An upper web of film  12  is fed from a top web supply unwind  13  in the direction of travel of the product  15  to be packaged. A lower web of film  12 ′ is similarly fed from a bottom web supply unwind  13 ′ spaced from the top unwind  13 , also in the direction of travel of the product  15  to be packaged. Preferably the products to be packaged are inputted to and conveyed through the wrapping machine by an automatic conveyor in a linear, horizontal path in between the two webs of film as is well known to those skilled in the art. Where multiple products are conveyed, the input of the products to the machine is timed so that a suitable spacing between products is provided. It is also within the scope of the present invention to manually feed product into the machine.  
         [0019]    Positioned downstream of the product input and in the path of web travel is the guide system  10  of the present invention. The guide system  10  includes one or more strategically placed web-guiding members located within an upper and lower web envelope created by the guided film. Preferably the guide members are formed of a rigid material such as metal, particularly stainless steel, although other suitable materials can be used. In the embodiment shown, the guide members  20  are elongated cylindrical stainless steel rods, although those skilled in the art will appreciate that guide members with other configurations can be used, provided they provide effective guidance of a continuously moving web and do not interfere with the wrapping process. The diameter or thickness of the guide members is not particularly limited, although it should be sufficient to adequately support the web and should not be so large that it interferes with the travel of the package being wrapped. The guide members should extend in the direction of product travel towards the film unwinds a sufficient distance to allow for proper formation of the web envelope, and should extend a distance in the opposite direction at least far enough along the path of product travel to allow the trailing end of the product to enter the envelope, and preferably extend past the side sealing mechanisms  24  (FIG. 2) so that the web envelope is maintained by the guide members at least until the side sealing operation is carried out. This also ensures that the proper amount of web selvage is guided in a controlled flow through each of the dual opposing side seals. The length of the guide members can be adjustable, such as by providing telescoping tubes that can be locked in position, or by simply attaching suitable extensions.  
         [0020]    With particular reference to FIG. 1, a pair of upper guide members  20 A,  20 B are positioned in spaced relation to receive and guide the upper web  12 . The distance between upper guide members  20 A and  20 B, in the cross-machine direction, is dependent upon the upper width of the product  15  being packaged, and preferably is set to be slightly greater than that width in order to accommodate travel of the product  15  between the members  20 A,  20 B without contact therewith. Importantly, the upper web  12  is conveyed over the guide members  20 A,  20 B, such that the guide members  20 A,  20 B are actually positioned inside the envelope created by the webs  12 ,  12 ′; i.e., between the web and the product to be packaged. No inversion of the film is necessary.  
         [0021]    The guide members  20 A,  20 B can be supported in position by any suitable means well within the skill in the art. For example, each member  20 A,  20 B can be supported by spaced vertically extending support members  21  that each are coupled at one end to a guide member, and at an opposite end to a supporting substrate such as the frame of the wrapping machine. The vertically extending support members  21  are preferably adjustable in length, such as by having telescoping portions, in order to readily adjust the height of the particular guide members being supported. The support members  21  also can be pivotally attached to the guide members so that the position or angle of a guide member with respect to the moving web can be changed without removing the support.  
         [0022]    A pair of lower guide members  20 C,  20 D are positioned in spaced relation to receive and guide the lower web  12 ′ The distance between lower guide members  20 C and  20 D, in the cross-machine direction, is dependent upon the lower width of the product  15  being packaged, and preferably is set to be slightly greater than that width in order to accommodate travel of the product  15  between the members without contact therewith. Importantly, the lower web  12 ′ is conveyed under the guide members  20 C,  20 D, such that the guide members  20 C,  20 D are actually positioned inside the envelope created by the webs  12 ,  12 ′. The guide members  20 C,  20 D can be supported in position by any suitable means well within the skill in the art, in a manner similar to upper guide members  20 A,  20 B as discussed above.  
         [0023]    Lower guide member  20 C can be attached to upper guide member  20 A, if desired, which can facilitate adjusting the vertical spacing between the two guide members (and thus the height of the web envelope formed around the guide members) to accommodate the product to be packaged. Similarly, lower guide member  20 D can be attached to upper guide member  20 B. Alternatively, the guide members can be separate and independently adjustable to vary the height.  
         [0024]    The web envelope formed by the guide members need not be rectangular in cross section; the web envelope geometry can be configured based upon the package geometry. The length of the upper guide members  20 A,  20 B need not correspond to the length of the lower guide members  20 C,  20 D, such as in instances where the product to be packaged is shaped so that the top of the product enters the web envelope before or after the bottom. For example, in instances where the top of a product  15  enters the web envelope prior to web entry of the bottom of the product, the upper guide members can be longer than the lower guide members to accommodate this shape. Similarly, the relative distance between guide members  20 A,  20 C can differ from the relative distance between guide members  20 B,  20 D, such as where the product to be packaged is higher on one side than the other. Accordingly, based upon the known package geometry, the relative positions of each of the guide members can be predetermined and set to accommodate the particular package geometry.  
         [0025]    Those skilled in the art will appreciate that for irregularly shaped products, more than four guide members can be used to assist in forming and/or maintaining the web envelope.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIGS. 1-3 also illustrate external transition rods  30  that can be used in addition to the guide rods  20 . In the embodiment shown, four such transition rods  30 A,  30 B,  30 C,  30 D are used, two opposite upper rods  30 A,  30 B for the upper web  12 , and two opposite lower rods  30 C,  30 D for the lower web  12 ′. The transition rods  30  are positioned externally to the web enveloped (relative to the location of the product to be packaged) formed by the guide rods  20 . Their function is to guide the web transition from the roll stock  13 ,  13 ′ to the package form. Preferably the tension rod(s) are positioned at an angle (relative to the side sealers  24 ) in the vicinity of the side sealers  24  to help avoid the formation of wrinkles in the moving webs. The particular angle used will depend upon the geometry of the web envelope being formed, and will become apparent to one skilled in the art. Since the angle of the transition rods  30  is adjustable, the transition rods are pivotally coupled to suitable supporting structure.  
         [0027]    Turning now to FIGS. 5 and 6, guide roll assembly  40  is shown that can be used in conjunction with the guide member assembly of the present invention. Each guide roll assembly  40  includes two opposing rolls, a first roll  41  having a portion of reduced diameter, and a second roll  42  having a portion of increased diameter. Preferably each roll has a rubber-coated surface for good frictional traction. In a preferred embodiment, the portion of reduced diameter in the first roll  41  is a concave radial groove  43  centrally located on the roll, and the portion of increased diameter in the second roll  42  is a corresponding convex raised radial ring  44  also centrally located on the roll. The convex radial ring  44  can be formed integrally with the roll  42 , or can be formed with an O-ring attached to the roll by suitable means. Similarly, the concave groove  43  can be formed integrally with the roll  42 , or can be carved into the roll by suitable means. The convex radial ring  44  and concave groove  43  are configured so that upon alignment of rolls  41  and  42  (i.e., such that rolls  41  and  42  have parallel axes of rotation), the ring  44  is received in groove  43 .  
         [0028]    Roll  41  is rotatingly coupled to a shaft  48  by a screw or pin  49 . Similarly roll  42  is rotatingly coupled to a shaft  51  by a screw or pin  52 . The shafts  48 ,  51  can be pivotally connected, such as at or near their respective ends opposite the ends supporting the rolls  41 ,  42 , by a connecting brace  53  fixed to one shaft (shaft  48  in the embodiment shown) and pivotally connected to the other shaft (shaft  51  in the embodiment shown) via pin  54 . This allows the pivoting of shaft  51  (and therefore roll  42 ) with respect to shaft  48  (and roll  41 ), and enables the insertion of the web of film between the rolls. The rolls  41 ,  42  are preferably biased towards one another via spring  60  coupled at its opposite ends to each shaft as best seen in FIG. 5. The pressure exerted by the spring may be adjustable, depending upon the desired amount of pressure to be exerted on the sandwiched web.  
         [0029]    Each roll assembly  40  is positioned with respect to the traveling web of film such that the web  12  (or  12 ′) can be continuously fed, at or near its opposite side edges, between the two rolls  41 ,  42 . The spring  60  causes the web to be held between the two rolls with light pressure. The web is particularly contained between the increased diameter portion  44  of roll  42  and the reduced diameter portion  43  of roll  41 , thereby preventing the web from releasing from the rolls as is typical with flat faces. As the web travels between the two rolls, the rolls rotate in opposite directions. Thus, by trapping the web in the groove  43 , the walking-out phenomenon pervasive in conventional wrapping machines is retarded or completely eliminated. Multiple guide roll assemblies  40 , arranged at spaced longitudinal intervals in the direction of web travel, can be used on each side of each web as illustrated in FIG. 1. Those skilled in the art will be able to readily determine optimum spacing of the assemblies.  
         [0030]    In a preferred embodiment, each guide roll assembly  40  is oriented at a slight angle with respect to the axis of web travel. With the axis of rotation of the rolls so cantered, a transverse axial tension is applied to the web for optimal web control. This is particularly important when using two opposing side seal web sealing techniques, as the web otherwise tends to not track properly through the opposing side seal units. Suitable angles include from about 0° to about 5°, with 2-3° being particularly preferred.  
         [0031]    In operation, the guide members  20  are oriented and spaced based upon the configuration of the product to be packaged. Upper web  12  is threaded through upper guide roll assemblies  40  when present, and over upper guide members  20 A,  20 B. Similarly, lower web  12 ′ is threaded through lower guide roll assemblies  40  when present, and under lower guide members  20 C,  20 D. A web envelope is thus formed and maintained by the guide members, the envelope being of a suitable geometry to receive the product to be packaged. Product is conveyed towards the envelope, preferably at the same speed and direction that the upper and lower webs are traveling. Where multiple products are to be wrapped, the products are suitable spaced apart to allow the leading and trailing ends of each product to be wrapped by the webs and sealed such as by an end sealer without interfering with a neighboring product, in a manner known to those skilled in the art. The product proceeds into the envelope and towards opposite dual side seal units, where the lateral edges of the upper and lower webs are sealed and severed. Since the guide members  20  preferably extend past the side seal units and thereby maintain the web envelope past the side seal units, this side sealing operation can begin even before the product to be packaged reaches the side seal units. The side seal operation also severs any web selvage created by the seal. The wrapping at the leading end of the product is then sealed by an end sealer, followed by the sealing of the wrapping at the trailing end of the product (and concurrently sealing the wrapping of the leading edge of the next product). The wrapped package then typically proceeds to a heat tunnel where the wrapping is heated to shrink tightly about the package as is known in the art. Alternatively, the heat shrinking can be eliminated where merely bagging of the product is desired,