Abstract:
A metering infrastructure having smart devices that utilize smart cards. An infrastructure having a plurality of smart devices is disclosed wherein each smart device is adapted to be controlled by a removable smart card, and wherein each removable smart card includes a computational platform capable of storing and executing program code and a set of application programs capable of being executed on the computational platform, wherein each of the set of application programs is implemented to control an aspect of an associated smart device into which the removable smart card is inserted.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates generally to managing a metering infrastructure, and more particularly for managing and controlling devices in a metering infrastructure using deployed smart cards. 
         [0002]    Large scale smart infrastructures may incorporate a large number of smart devices. One such example is an Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), which refers to systems that measure, collect and analyze energy usage, and interact with advanced devices such as electricity meters, gas meters, heat meters, cable meters and water meters, through various communication media either on request (on-demand) or on pre-defined schedules. These infrastructures include hardware, software, communications, consumer energy displays and controllers, customer associated systems, Meter Data Management (MDM) software, supplier and network distribution business systems, etc. 
         [0003]    A typical AMI may include a significant number of smart devices (e.g., meters, supervisory control and data acquisition “SCADA” devices, routers, etc.) having advanced (i.e., “smart”) functional capabilities implemented with some type of computational system. Because many of these devices are heterogeneous in nature, providing different functions, being manufactured by different suppliers, etc., implementing and managing the devices within such an infrastructure poses a significant challenge. 
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    In one aspect of the present invention, a smart card for use in a card controllable device within a metering infrastructure is disclosed, the smart card comprising: a computational platform capable of storing and executing program code; and a set of application programs having program code capable of being executed on the computational platform, wherein each of the set of application programs is implemented to control an aspect of an associated card controllable device into which the smart card is inserted. 
         [0005]    In a further aspect, an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) having a plurality of smart devices is disclosed, each smart device being adapted to be controlled by a removable smart card, wherein each removable smart card includes: a computational platform capable of storing and executing program code; and a set of application programs having program code capable of being executed on the computational platform, wherein each of the set of application programs is implemented to control an aspect of an associated smart device into which the removable smart card is inserted. 
         [0006]    In still a further aspect, a card controllable device for use in a metering infrastructure is provided, the card controllable device comprising: a set of operational units; a slot for receiving a smart card, wherein the smart card includes: a computational platform capable of storing and executing program code; and a set of application programs having program code capable of being executed on the computational platform, wherein each of the set of application programs is implemented to control aspects of the set of operational units; and a card interface for providing a communication channel between the smart card and the set of operational units. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0007]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram illustrating an AMI being managed using smart cards according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0008]      FIG. 2  is a schematic block diagram of a smart card according to one embodiment of the present invention; and 
           [0009]      FIG. 3  shows a schematic diagram of a card controllable device according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0010]    Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to managing and controlling devices in a metering infrastructure using smart cards. For the purposes of this disclosure, the term “smart card” generally refers to any portable card, device or token that includes a computational platform, such as an embedded integrated circuit. Common examples include SIMs (subscriber identity modules) commonly found in cell phones and other network devices, chip cards such as those provided by Gemalto®, etc. 
         [0011]    In a typical advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), computational functionality is implemented using software and firmware embedded within the different hardware devices that form the infrastructure. For example, each meter may include special purpose hardware programmed to perform certain functions, e.g., manage meter readings, implement communication and security protocols, handle subscriber identification, etc. Unfortunately, as noted above, this greatly limits the flexibility of the infrastructure, i.e., devices have to be manufactured, programmed and tested to meet rigorous specifications and protocols to ensure fluid operation. 
         [0012]    Described herein is a more flexible approach to managing and controlling a smart infrastructure such as an AMI, in which computational functionality is moved from the hardware devices to portable smart cards.  FIG. 1  depicts a schematic view of an AMI  10  having a plurality of smart devices, including smart meters  12 , a router  14 , a SCADA device  16  and a data aggregator  18 . The smart devices form a network that is ultimately driven by a home office  20  via a back haul. Obviously, the depicted set of devices is intended to show a simple example of an AMI, and the type and number of devices can vary depending on the particular application. 
         [0013]    Each smart device in the AMI  10  is equipped with a set of predefined functions that are controlled and/or implemented by a removable smart card  22   a - f . Accordingly, some or all of the actual computational functionality is removed from each device and is implemented in the device&#39;s associated smart card  22   a - f . As such, the “smart” features of the hardware devices do not need to be built into each device, but are instead located on an associated smart card  22   a - f . Upon inserting an associated smart card (e.g., card  22   a ) into a device (e.g., meter  12 ), the smart functionality specific to the smart card becomes enabled on the device. Among other benefits, this approach allows for the mass production of “generic” card controllable devices that can customized via a smart card  22   a - f  for specific customers, desired functionality, locations, etc., simply by inserting a smart card that is programmed to the installation&#39;s specific functionality requirements. Upgrades and changes to hardware functionality can be achieved by simply changing or reprogramming the smart card  22   a - f.    
         [0014]      FIG. 2  depicts an illustrative schematic of a smart card  22  having a computational platform  24 . Computational platform  24  may for example be implemented via an integrated circuit (not shown) that includes a processor, memory, I/O, and bus. Within the computational platform  24  is an operating system  26 , e.g., a Java Virtual Machine (JVM), having for instance a master controller  28  and an I/O controller. Master controller  28  facilitates the configuring and programming of the smart card  22 , while I/O controller  30  facilitates communications with the associated hardware device via physical interface  44 . Also included within the computational platform  24  are a set of application programs  32  that perform functionality specific to the associated device into which the smart card  22  is inserted. 
         [0015]    In this illustrative embodiment, application programs  32  include: (1) a communication module  34  for implementing communication protocols and methods (e.g., cellular, fiber, TCP/IP, etc.); (2) a security module  36  for implementing security protocols, establishing secure communications, providing encryption support, etc.; (3) an activation/subscriber information module  38  for activating an associated device, managing associated licenses, maintaining subscriber information, etc.; (4) a hardware control module  40  for controlling and managing actual device operations, e.g., scheduling and obtaining meter readings, relaying or retrieving readings over a network, etc.; and (5) a maintenance module  42  for handing errors, e.g., ensuring proper operation of the device, performing self tests, servicing problems, performing upgrades, etc. It is understood that the number and type of application programs  32  will depend upon the specific requirements of the associated hardware device. 
         [0016]    It is understood that any type of computational platform  24 /operating system  26  could be utilized, including, e.g., Java, .NET, C++, a proprietary system, an open system, etc. Operating systems such as Java allow application programs  32  written in Java to be securely protected and tamperproof, thus providing a high level of inherent security. 
         [0017]    Accordingly, each of the application programs  32  are stored and executed within the smart card  22  itself, thus eliminating (or reducing) the need for a computational platform on the associated device. As such, most or all of the “smart” functionality is maintained and run on the smart card  22 . 
         [0018]    In one illustrative embodiment, the operating system  26  is automatically launched when the smart card  22  is inserted into an associated device and the device is powered on. The operating system  26  then launches master controller  28 , which in turn launches one or more application programs  32 , which may run continuously or be launched as needed. For example, the hardware control module  40  may continuously run to collect a continuous stream of meter data while the maintenance module  42  may be launched as needed to install upgrades or check for errors. I/O controller  30  is likewise launched by the operating system  26  to allow the smart card to talk to the associated device. 
         [0019]      FIG. 3  depicts an example of a card controllable device  50 , such as a utility meter, configured for control by smart card  22 . In this example, card controllable device  50  includes a physical slot  60  for receiving smart card  22 . Smart card  22  can be inserted and removed as needed from physical slot  60  using a mechanical latch or the like. Also included is a card interface  25  that is configured to provide a communication channel between the inserted smart card  22  and one or more operational units  52 ,  54 . For instance, card interface  25  may be adapted to receive instructions, data or control signals generated from applications running on the smart card  22 , and relay the same to operational units  52 ,  54 . Conversely, card interface  25  may also be adapted to relay data from the operational units  52 ,  54  to the smart card  22 , where the data can be processed. 
         [0020]    In this example, card controllable device  50  includes a first operational unit  52  for collecting meter data  58 , e.g., power usage, error conditions, etc. Also included is a second operational unit  54  that provides input/output (I/O) functions to an associated network  56 . Thus, for instance, smart card  22  may: (1) instruct operational unit  52  to collect meter readings every ten minutes, (2) store the readings in a temporary cache on the smart card  22 , and (3) instruct operational unit  54  to transmit daily readings to the home office, e.g., at a predetermined time. 
         [0021]    The technical effects include a metering infrastructure having a plurality of smart devices in which some or all of the smart devices are controlled and managed by smart cards that include a computation platform and application programs for implementing the smart functionality of an associated device. 
         [0022]    In various embodiments of the present invention, aspects of the smart card  22  described herein can be implemented in the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment containing both hardware and software elements. In one embodiment, the operating system  26  and application programs  32  ( FIG. 2 ) may be implemented in software, which includes but is not limited to firmware, resident software, microcode, etc. 
         [0023]    Furthermore, the processing functions can take the form of a computer program product accessible from a computer-usable or computer-readable medium providing program code for use by or in connection with a computer platform resident on the smart card  22  or any instruction execution system (e.g., processing units). For the purposes of this description, a computer-usable or computer readable medium can be any computer readable storage medium that can contain or store the program for use by or in connection with the computer, instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In a further embodiment, a computer readable transmission medium may be utilized that can communicate, propagate or transport the program for use by or in connection with the computer, instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. 
         [0024]    The computer readable medium can be an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system (or apparatus or device). Examples of a computer-readable medium include a semiconductor or solid state memory, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a rigid magnetic disk and an optical disk. Current examples of optical disks include a compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), a compact disk-read/write (CD-R/W) and a digital video disc (DVD). 
         [0025]    The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
         [0026]    While the disclosure has been particularly shown and described in conjunction with a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be appreciated that variations and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it is to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the disclosure. 
         [0027]    This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.