Abstract:
In order to provide an upper body article of apparel, in particular a shirt, a bodysuit, an undershirt or an oversleeve which is suitable for reducing the risk of injury to the wearer of the upper body article of apparel, particularly during sports activities and to achieve compensation of possible functional imbalances in the musculoskeletal system of the wearer, it is proposed that the upper body article of apparel comprises at least one compression region in which, in the worn state, the upper body article of apparel exerts a compression effect on the body of the wearer of the upper body article of apparel, and comprises at least one stimulus-inducing structure which, in the worn state, is arranged on an inside of the upper body article of apparel facing toward the body of the wearer of the upper body article of apparel.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation application of PCT/EP2013/068916 filed on Sep. 12, 2013, the entire specification of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD OF DISCLOSURE 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to an upper body article of apparel. 
         [0003]    The expression “upper body article of apparel” covers every garment which is worn close to the body in the region of the upper body of the wearer including the arms, in particular shirts, bodysuits, undershirts and sleeves. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    It is an object of the present invention to provide an upper body article of apparel of this type which is suitable for reducing the risk of injury to the wearer of the upper body article of apparel, particularly during sports activities and to achieve balancing out of possible functional imbalances in the musculoskeletal system of the wearer and to achieve performance optimisation in the sensory activity. 
         [0005]    This object is achieved according to the invention with an upper body article of apparel, in particular a shirt, a bodysuit, an undershirt or an oversleeve which comprises at least one compression region in which, in the worn state, the upper body article of apparel exerts a compression effect on the body of the wearer of the upper body article of apparel, and at least one stimulus-inducing structure which, in the worn state, is arranged on an inside of the upper body article of apparel facing toward the body of the wearer of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0006]    The present invention is based on the concept of exerting a proprioceptive stimulating effect on the wearer of the upper body article of apparel by means of the stimulus-inducing structure, wherein the proprioceptive stimulating effect of the stimulus-inducing structure is amplified by the simultaneous compression effect of the upper body article of apparel on the upper body of the wearer. 
         [0007]    From the field of physiology, it is known that a neurophysiological initiation of the proprioceptors of the wearer (that is, the receptors which enable the perception and control of the current position of the body of the wearer in space, in particular the muscle spindles, the Golgi tendon organ and the joint receptors) can be achieved through stimulation via the skin. 
         [0008]    Through stimulation of the proprioceptors of the body (neurophysiological initiation), improved synchronisation and optimisation of the recruited muscles of the wearer is achieved, which becomes noticeable in improved physical stability, body balance and body posture. 
         [0009]    Thus by stimulation of the proprioceptors, not only is the risk of injury reduced, particularly during sports activity, but balancing out of functional imbalances in the musculoskeletal system can also be achieved. 
         [0010]    An improvement in body stability and/or a reduction in imbalances in the musculoskeletal system bring about a balanced, symmetrical posture of the wearer, which results in lower loading, a delayed fatiguing tendency and a prolonged tendency in the wearer to feel a sense of wellbeing. 
         [0011]    The proprioceptive stimulation of the musculature of the wearer of the upper body article of apparel brings about a reduced risk of injury through incorrect movements and overstretching, as well as optimisation and synchonisation of the bodily coordination of the wearer. 
         [0012]    The upper body article of apparel according to the invention enables the positive effect of proprioceptive stimulation to be used, including particularly in the domain of mass sports, for preventative uses, for example, in the business field, and/or in the wellness or cosmetic fields. 
         [0013]    The upper body article of apparel according to the invention is a garment worn close to the body which enables effective proprioceptive stimulation of the musculature of the wearer in a simple and easily usable manner. 
         [0014]    The upper body article of apparel according to the invention can be configured, in particular, as a shirt with or without arm regions. 
         [0015]    The proprioceptive stimulation desired according to the invention is achieved, in particular, through a specific attachment of at least one stimulus-inducing structure having functional elements which exert a sensory stimulating effect on the musculature of the wearer, on the inside of the upper body article of apparel facing toward the body of the wearer. 
         [0016]    The stimulus-inducing structure is preferably arranged at a position of the upper body article of apparel which, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, is associated with a region of the body of the wearer which has the greatest possible proprioceptor density. 
         [0017]    Preferred regions of the arrangement of the stimulus-inducing structure are the courses of the myofascial chains which run helically upwardly, starting at the foot, via the leg region to the head. 
         [0018]    In a preferred embodiment of the upper body article of apparel according to the invention, it is provided that those regions of the upper body article of apparel which, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, make contact with the thoracic region, the spinous processes of the vertebral column and/or with the neck region of the wearer remain free from stimulus-inducing structures in order reliably to prevent potential faulty stimulation at these sites and a possible risk of irritation and nerve stimulation and to increase wearing comfort. 
         [0019]    By means of isolated application of pressure on the skin of the wearer along a muscle chain of the wearer, stimulation of the muscle activity of the wearer can be achieved. 
         [0020]    Since the compression effect of the compression region amplifies the proprioceptive stimulating effect of the stimulus-inducing structure, it is favourable if the stimulus-inducing structure is arranged at least partially, preferably substantially entirely, in the at least one compression region of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0021]    It is also advantageous for the effectiveness of the proprioceptive stimulating effect of the stimulus-inducing structure if the stimulus-inducing structure, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, is in direct contact with the skin of the wearer of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0022]    Alternatively thereto, it can also be provided that, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, at least one stimulus-inducing structure is separated from the skin of the wearer by a covering. 
         [0023]    In particular it can be provided that at least one stimulus-inducing structure is covered by a textile construction. 
         [0024]    Thus it is possible, particularly depending on the configuration of functional elements of the stimulus-inducing structure with regard to their hardness, height and pointedness, to allow these functional elements to act indirectly on the skin of the wearer of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0025]    The compression region of the upper body article of apparel preferably comprises an elastically yielding material. 
         [0026]    In particular, it can be provided that the compression region of the upper body article of apparel comprises a knitted fabric. 
         [0027]    Preferably, the compression region of the upper body article of apparel comprises at least one elastic yarn, for example, elastane. 
         [0028]    The compression region can in principle have a compression strength which is substantially constant. 
         [0029]    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, it is provided that the compression region has a gradual progression of the compression strength. 
         [0030]    In particular, if the compression region is arranged in a trunk region or an arm region of the upper body article of apparel, it is advantageous if the compression strength in the compression region decreases in the direction toward a chest region of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0031]    If the upper body article of apparel comprises an elbow region which, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, covers an elbow of the wearer, then the compression region preferably does not comprise the elbow region of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0032]    The maximum compression strength in the compression region is preferably at least approximately 7 mm Hg, particularly at least approximately 10 mm Hg. 
         [0033]    Furthermore, it is favourable if the maximum compression strength in the compression region is preferably not more than approximately 32 mm Hg, particularly not more than approximately 25 mm Hg. 
         [0034]    In preferred embodiments of the upper body article of apparel according to the invention, at least one compression region comprises at least a part of a trunk region, at least a part of an upper arm region and/or at least a part of a forearm region of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0035]    In the trunk region of the upper body article of apparel, the relative compression strength in the chest region is preferably from zero to approximately 30% of the maximum compression strength in the trunk region and in the shoulder region, is preferably from zero to approximately 60% of the maximum compression strength in the trunk region. 
         [0036]    The maximum compression strength in the trunk region of the upper body article of apparel is preferably not more than approximately 12 mm Hg. 
         [0037]    In the case of long arm regions of the upper body article of apparel fixedly connected to a trunk region of the upper body article of apparel, covering the whole arm as far as the wrist, the maximum compression strength in the arm region is preferably not more than approximately 32 mm Hg, particularly preferably not more than approximately 25 mm Hg. 
         [0038]    In the long arm regions, the compression strength preferably decreases gradually from the wrist region to the region of the shoulder joint. 
         [0039]    In the region of the elbow joint, the upper body article of apparel preferably has no compression. 
         [0040]    If the upper body article of apparel has a trunk region and arm regions, the compression strength in the shoulder region of the arm regions is preferably substantially the same as the compression strength in the shoulder region of the trunk region. 
         [0041]    In the case of short arm regions fixedly connected to a trunk region of the upper body article of apparel, only beginning above the elbow joint, the maximum compression strength in the arm regions is preferably not more than approximately 18 mm Hg, particularly preferably not more than approximately 15 mm Hg. 
         [0042]    In the case of arm regions not connected to a trunk region, sleeves or “oversleeves” which preferably cover the arm of the wearer substantially from the wrist to the upper arm, inclusively, the maximum compression strength is preferably not more than approximately 32 mm Hg, particularly preferably not more than approximately 25 mm Hg. 
         [0043]    The compression strength of the sleeves preferably decreases gradually from the wrist to the shoulder joint. It can also be provided that the sleeves have no compression in the region of the elbow joint. 
         [0044]    The compression strength is preferably at least approximately 10 mm Hg. 
         [0045]    The proprioceptive stimulating effect of the stimulus-inducing structure is preferably achieved in that the stimulus-inducing structure comprises at least one stimulus-inducing functional element. 
         [0046]    In preferred embodiments of the invention, the stimulus-inducing structure has a multiplicity of such functional elements. 
         [0047]    The different functional elements of the stimulus-inducing structure can be isolated from one another or, particularly at end regions of the functional elements, adjoin one another. 
         [0048]    Preferably, at least one functional element of a stimulus-inducing structure is configured as a raised portion. 
         [0049]    The functional elements can be formed by attaching or working in materials or constructions to a base element, in particular a basic knit material of the upper body article of apparel, which result in a localised raised portion of the textile structure which is noticeable as a local pressure point when the upper body article of apparel is worn. 
         [0050]    Preferably, the functional elements are fixedly attached directly to a textile material of the upper body article of apparel. By this means the stimulus-inducing structure can be optimally positioned on the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0051]    In principle, all materials and designs which result in a local pressure point on the skin of the wearer of the upper body article of apparel are suitable for the formation of the functional elements. 
         [0052]    In principle, this can involve both hard, compact materials made, for example, of wood, plastics of any type or metal, as well as soft, flexible, plastic materials, such as plastics based on silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyurethane (PUR). 
         [0053]    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that at least one functional element contains an elastic polymer, a thermoplastic polymer (in particular a thermoplastic elastomer) and/or a thermosetting polymer. 
         [0054]    In particular, it can be provided that at least one functional element contains a silicone, a polyurethane, a plastisol (in particular a PVC-based plastisol), a polyurethane-based polymer, a polytetrafluorethylene-based polymer and/or a thermoplastic elastomer. 
         [0055]    Alternatively or additionally thereto, it can also be provided that at least one functional element is formed by a textile construction, for example, plush, a spacer fabric, a spacer knitted fabric or by a punctiform two-layered knitted fabric. 
         [0056]    Alternatively or additionally thereto, it can also be provided that at least one functional element comprises a knitted region of the upper body article of apparel which, with regard to its knitted construction, differs from a knitted region of the upper body article of apparel adjoining the functional element. 
         [0057]    It can be provided, for example, that the knitted region of the functional element is configured as a plush. 
         [0058]    Alternatively thereto, it can be provided that the knitted region of the functional element is configured as a tuck stitch fabric. 
         [0059]    In order to increase the mechanical strength and hardness of the functional element, it can be provided that the knitted region of the functional element contains a hot-melt adhesive thread. 
         [0060]    A hot-melt adhesive thread of this type can comprise, for example, polyester and/or copolyamide, and can preferably be made substantially entirely of polyester and/or copolyamide. 
         [0061]    The hot-melt adhesive material from which such a hot-melt adhesive thread is made can have, for example, a softening point of 50° C. or higher, in particular 80° C. or higher. 
         [0062]    Following a knitting procedure, by means of which the respective functional element is created, the region of the upper body article of apparel in which the functional element has been created can be subjected to a heat treatment, by means of which the hot-melt adhesive material is heated to a temperature above its softening point. 
         [0063]    The treatment temperature can be 70° C. or higher, in particular 100° C. or higher. 
         [0064]    The higher the treatment temperature is selected to be, the more intimately the hot-melt adhesive material is connected to the other materials of the functional element and the harder the functional element thereby produced becomes. 
         [0065]    The heat treatment can be performed, for example, by tumbling, form fixing or the application of hot air. 
         [0066]    At least one functional element, preferably a plurality of functional elements, have a drop-shaped or napped form. 
         [0067]    It is particularly favourable for the proprioceptive stimulating effect if the functional elements exert a localised pressure loading onto the skin of the wearer. 
         [0068]    It is therefore favourable if at least one functional element of a stimulus-inducing structure is configured locally delimited, in particular substantially punctiform. 
         [0069]    Preferably, all the functional elements of at least one stimulus-inducing structure, in particular all the functional elements of all the stimulus-inducing structures of the upper body article of apparel are configured locally delimited, in particular substantially punctiform. 
         [0070]    It is particularly favourable if at least one functional element has a largest extent (along the base element of the upper body article of apparel) of not more than approximately 1.0 cm, preferably not more than approximately 0.7 cm, in particular not more than approximately 0.6 cm, particularly preferably not more than approximately 0.3 cm. It is particularly favourable if all the functional elements of a stimulus-inducing structure have such a greatest extent. 
         [0071]    It has also proved to be favourable if at least one functional element has a largest extent (along the base element of the upper body article of apparel) of at least approximately 0.2 cm. It is particularly favourable if all the functional elements of a stimulus-inducing structure have such a greatest extent. 
         [0072]    A functional element of a stimulus-inducing structure can have, for example, a substantially circular outer contour. 
         [0073]    Each functional element, in particular each locally delimited functional element, however, can in principle also have any other outer contour, for example, a polygonal outer contour, a triangular outer contour, a square outer contour, a rectangular outer contour or an angular outer contour. 
         [0074]    Locally delimited functional elements differ from linear elements which have a large extent in one dimension and from large area elements which have a large extent in two dimensions. 
         [0075]    If functional elements of a stimulus-inducing structure, which are particularly in the form of web elements, adjoin one another at their end regions and thus form a coherent stimulus-inducing structure, such a stimulus-inducing structure can be configured, in particular, honeycomb-shaped. 
         [0076]    For a local, isolated proprioceptive stimulation of the musculature of the wearer, it is of essential significance that between the functional elements of a stimulus-inducing structure which are configured, in particular, punctiform or linear, area sections that are free from the functional elements remain on the upper body article of apparel which, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, exert no pressure on the skin of the wearer. 
         [0077]    The height of at least one functional element, that is, its extent perpendicular to the base element of the upper body article of apparel, by which the functional element projects toward the skin of the wearer, is at least approximately 0.1 cm, in particular at least approximately 0.2 cm. 
         [0078]    It is also advantageous if the height of at least one functional element is not more than approximately 0.6 cm, preferably not more than approximately 0.4 cm, in particular not more than approximately 0.3 cm. 
         [0079]    It has also proved to be favourable if the Shore A hardness of the material of at least one functional element is at least approximately 20, preferably at least approximately 30. 
         [0080]    Preferably at least one functional element is made of a material with a Shore A hardness of not more than approximately 90. 
         [0081]    The Shore A hardness can be determined according to DIN 53505 or DIN EN ISO 868. 
         [0082]    Alternatively or additionally thereto, it can also be provided that at least one functional element is made of a material with a Shore D hardness of at least approximately 20. 
         [0083]    The Shore D hardness is preferably not more than approximately 90. 
         [0084]    The Shore D hardness can be determined according to DIN 53505 or DIN ISO 7619-1. 
         [0085]    In a particular embodiment of the invention, it is provided that at least one functional element is fixed to a base element of the upper body article of apparel. Preferably, all the functional elements are fixed to the base element of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0086]    In particular, it can be provided that at least one functional element is fixedly connected directly to a textile material of the garment. By this means, the stimulus-inducing structure formed by the functional elements can be optimally positioned on the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0087]    The application of functional elements which are not based on a textile construction onto the base element of the upper body article of apparel can be carried out, for example, by a printing method, for example, a stencil printing method or a silk screen method with subsequent thermal fixing of the functional elements to the base element of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0088]    Alternatively or in addition thereto, it can be provided that at least one stimulus-inducing structure comprises at least one support element on which a plurality of functional elements are provided. 
         [0089]    In particular, it can be provided that the plurality of functional elements are formed integrally with the support element. 
         [0090]    At least one support element can be non-releasably fastened to a base element of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0091]    Alternatively or in addition thereto, it can be provided that at least one support element is releasably connected to a base element of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0092]    A plurality of stimulus-inducing functional elements can be connected in a separate process to a coherent unit and this unit can be fixed to the base element of the upper body article of apparel, for example, by adhesion, welding or sewing. 
         [0093]    The support element can be a pre-fabricated part which has a plurality of functional elements. 
         [0094]    The support element can be formed, for example, as an injection moulded part. 
         [0095]    A stimulus-inducing structure can be formed by a support element of this type or by a plurality of such support elements. 
         [0096]    The outer contour of such a support element can correspond to the outer contour of an overall stimulus-inducing structure. 
         [0097]    The support element can be formed, for example, as a film or a textile construction. 
         [0098]    A support element which preferably comprises the stimulus-inducing functional elements of an overall stimulus-inducing structure and is preferably based on a textile construction can be connected flexibly and/or releasably to the base element of the upper body article of apparel by means of known manufacturing techniques. 
         [0099]    The upper body article of apparel can be provided with markings differentiated by colour relative to a base material of the upper body article of apparel, which serve as an orientation aid for the wearer of the upper body article of apparel when putting on the upper body article of apparel, in order to achieve an optimum positioning of the stimulus-inducing structures on the body of the wearer. 
         [0100]    Since the stimulating effect of the functional elements is based on a proprioceptive stimulation of muscles and tendons, the functional elements are preferably arranged in regions of the upper body article of apparel which, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, lie on regions of the body of the wearer with the greatest possible receptor density. 
         [0101]    Particularly preferred herein are the muscle and tendon structures which are relevant according to physiological and medical criteria for posture and movement coordination. 
         [0102]    The attachment of stimulus-inducing structures in the lower back region, in the region of the thoracolumbar fascia and along the erector spinae dorsal extensor muscle group parallel to the spinal column, preferably beginning from the coccyx to approximately the height of the thoracic vertebra identified as T 10 has proved to be particularly favourable for proprioceptive stimulation in the case, particularly, of a shirt-like upper body article of apparel with a trunk region. 
         [0103]    A stimulus-inducing structure is preferably provided with an extent which results, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, in the greatest possible and optimum overlapping with the thoracolumbar fascia. 
         [0104]    In one possible embodiment of such a stimulus-inducing region, the stimulus-inducing region, also referred to hereinafter as the stimulus induction zone, is configured as a right-angled quadrilateral, preferably with an edge length of at least approximately 8 cm. 
         [0105]    Alternatively thereto, the stimulus induction zone can also have a different outer contour, for example, a circular outer contour or a polygonal outer contour with n angles (in particular where n=3 or 5 to 8). 
         [0106]    It has also been found to be favourable to arrange to the left and right of the spinal column, parallel thereto, two strip-shaped stimulus-inducing regions or stimulus induction zones in such a way that these regions overlap the erector spinae muscle group as well as possible, particularly up to approximately the height of the T 10 vertebra. 
         [0107]    It is particularly favourable if these strip-shaped stimulus induction zones directly adjoin, each with a narrow side, the stimulus induction zone which at least partially overlaps the thoracolumbar fascia. 
         [0108]    The spacing of the stimulus induction zones extending parallel to the spinal column from one another is herein selected such that, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, overlapping with the vertebral spinous processes is prevented in order to prevent nerve irritation. 
         [0109]    The strip-shaped stimulus induction zones preferably have a width of not more than approximately 6 cm, in particular not more than approximately 5 cm. 
         [0110]    The spacing between the strip-shaped stimulus induction zones extending to the left and right of the spinal column parallel thereto and substantially parallel to one another is preferably at least approximately 1 cm and not more than approximately 4 cm. 
         [0111]    In a preferred embodiment of the upper body article of apparel according to the invention, it is therefore provided that, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, at least one stimulus-inducing structure at least partially overlaps the thoracolumbar fascia of the wearer of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0112]    It is particularly favourable if, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, a stimulus-inducing structure substantially completely overlaps the thoracolumbar fascia. 
         [0113]    Alternatively or additionally thereto, it can be provided that, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, at least one stimulus-inducing structure at least partially overlaps the erector spinae muscle group. In particular, it can be provided that an outer contour of at least one stimulus-inducing structure substantially corresponds to an outer contour of the erector spinae muscle group. 
         [0114]    It is particularly favourable if at least one stimulus-inducing structure at least partially overlapping the erector spinae muscle group extends in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel to approximately the height of thoracic vertebra T 10. 
         [0115]    If the upper body article of apparel comprises at least one arm region, it is advantageous if, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, at least one stimulus-inducing structure at least partially overlaps the triceps brachii muscles. In particular, it can be provided that an outer contour of at least one stimulus-inducing structure substantially corresponds to an outer contour of the triceps brachii muscles. 
         [0116]    Alternatively or additionally thereto, it can be provided that, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, at least one stimulus-inducing structure at least partially overlaps the extensors of the forearm of the wearer. In particular, it can be provided that an outer contour of at least one stimulus-inducing structure substantially corresponds to an outer contour of the extensors of the forearm of the wearer. 
         [0117]    In order to enhance the wearing comfort and to prevent a possible risk of irritations and nerve stimulation, it is preferably provided that, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, the thoracic region, the spinous processes of the vertebral column and/or the neck region of the wearer of the upper body article of apparel are not in contact with a stimulus-inducing structure of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0118]    All the stimulus-inducing structures described above with regard to their positioning bring about a proprioceptive stimulation of the respective wholly or partially overlapped muscles or fibrous structures. 
         [0119]    By means of the proprioceptive stimulation, an improved synchronisation of the muscles recruited for a movement is achieved. 
         [0120]    In order to achieve a selective proprioceptive stimulation and to prevent potential faulty stimulation, it is favourable if the upper body article of apparel has at least two stimulus-inducing structures which are separated from one another by a region without any stimulus-inducing structure. 
         [0121]    In a preferred embodiment of the upper body article of apparel according to the invention, it is provided that the stimulus induction zones in which the stimulus-inducing structures are arranged cover not more than half, preferably not more than a third, in particular not more than a quarter of the inside surface of the upper body article of apparel facing the body of the wearer in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0122]    It is also favourable if at least one stimulus-inducing structure is arranged outside border regions of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0123]    In order to make the position of the stimulus-inducing structures visible from the outside of the upper body article of apparel, it can be provided that at least one stimulus-inducing structure is arranged in a stimulus induction zone which is edged at least partially by a bordering strip. 
         [0124]    A bordering strip of this type can stand out from the base element, in particular, by means of a colour contrasting with the colour of the base element of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0125]    Furthermore, the upper body article of apparel is preferably provided with a marking which serves as a positioning aid for positioning at least one stimulus-inducing structure of the upper body article of apparel relative to the body of the wearer during putting on of the upper body article of apparel. By this means, the most accurate possible positioning of the stimulus-inducing structures relative to the body of the wearer when the upper body article of apparel is worn can be achieved. 
         [0126]    A marking of this type can be distinct particularly as regards colour from a base material of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0127]    At least one stimulus-inducing structure of the upper body article of apparel according to the invention is preferably configured substantially as a strip. 
         [0128]    It can also be provided that such a strip-shaped stimulus-inducing structure has a width (that is, an extent perpendicular to its longitudinal extent) of not more than approximately 4 cm, in particular not more than approximately 2 cm. 
         [0129]    The stimulus-inducing structure is preferably fixedly attached to a base element, in particular a ground fabric of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0130]    The surface density of the functional elements within a stimulus-inducing structure of the upper body article of apparel is preferably at least approximately 1 per cm 2 , in particular at least approximately 4 per cm 2 , particularly preferably at least approximately 8 per cm 2 . 
         [0131]    Furthermore, the surface density of the functional elements within a stimulus-inducing structure is preferably not more than approximately 25 per cm 2 , in particular not more than approximately 16 per cm 2 , particularly preferably not more than approximately 12 per cm 2 . 
         [0132]    By means of the above-mentioned preferred embodiments of the functional elements and the stimulus-inducing structure, both the efficiency of the stimulating effect and the wearing comfort for the wearer are taken into account. 
         [0133]    Further features and advantages of the invention are the subject matter of the following description and of the illustration in the drawings of an exemplary embodiment. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0134]      FIG. 1  shows a schematic front view of an upper body article of apparel with compression regions and stimulus induction zones; 
           [0135]      FIG. 2  shows a schematic rear view of the upper body article of apparel of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0136]      FIG. 3  shows a schematic representation of a circular functional element of a stimulus-inducing structure; 
           [0137]      FIG. 4  shows a schematic plan view of a triangular functional element of a stimulus-inducing structure; 
           [0138]      FIG. 5  shows a schematic plan view of a square functional element of a stimulus-inducing structure; 
           [0139]      FIG. 6  shows a schematic plan view of a rectangular functional element of a stimulus-inducing structure; 
           [0140]      FIG. 7  shows a schematic plan view of an angular functional element of a stimulus-inducing structure; 
           [0141]      FIG. 8  shows a schematic plan view of a portion of a stimulus-inducing structure in the form of a honeycomb; 
           [0142]      FIG. 9  shows a schematic stitch structure of a knitted surface with a knitted-in functional element in the form of plush; 
           [0143]      FIG. 10  shows a perspective view of sandwich plush sinkers of a knitting machine; 
           [0144]      FIG. 11  shows a schematic stitch structure of a knitted surface with two functional elements configured as tuck stitch fabric; 
           [0145]      FIG. 12  shows an enlarged representation of the region I of  FIG. 11 ; 
           [0146]      FIG. 13  shows a schematic plan view of a front side of a support element of a stimulus-inducing structure, the support element being provided with a plurality of stimulus-inducing functional elements; 
           [0147]      FIG. 14  shows a schematic perspective view of the support element of  FIG. 18 , viewed obliquely from above; 
           [0148]      FIG. 15  shows a schematic plan view of a rear side of a support element facing away from the stimulus-inducing functional elements, the support element being provided with adhesive elements for releasable connection to a base element of an upper body article of apparel; 
           [0149]      FIG. 16  shows a schematic plan view of a rear side of a support element facing away from the stimulus-inducing functional elements, the support element being provided with press fasteners for releasable connection to a base element of the upper body article of apparel; 
           [0150]      FIG. 17  shows a schematic plan view of a pocket which contains a plurality of support elements, each of which comprises a plurality of stimulus-inducing functional elements, wherein part of a front side of the pocket facing the skin of the wearer in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel is broken away to show the support elements with the stimulus-inducing functional elements; and 
           [0151]      FIG. 18  shows a schematic perspective, partially sectional view of the pocket with the support elements of  FIG. 17 . 
       
    
    
       [0152]    The same or functionally equivalent elements are provided in all the drawings with the same reference signs. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0153]    An upper body article of apparel shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2  configured, by way of example, as a shirt  100  is shown in  FIG. 1  from the front and in  FIG. 2  from the rear and comprises a trunk region  214 , the front side  212  of which extends from two shoulder regions  216  and a collar  218  arranged therebetween downwardly via a chest region  220  and an abdominal region  222  to a lower border  224  (see  FIG. 1 ). 
         [0154]    A rear side  226  of the trunk region  214  (see  FIG. 2 ) extends from the shoulder regions  216  and the collar  218  downwardly over a back region  228  to the lower border  224  of the shirt  100 . 
         [0155]    An arm region  230  of the shirt  100  is fixed to each of the shoulder regions  216  of the trunk region  214 . 
         [0156]    Each arm region  230  comprises an upper arm region  232 , an elbow region  234  in the region of the elbow joint and a forearm region  235 . 
         [0157]    The shirt  100  also has one or more compression regions  142  in which, in the worn state, the shirt  100  exerts a compression effect on the body of the wearer. 
         [0158]    This compression effect can be achieved, in particular, through the working in of one or more elastic threads into the basic knit material of the shirt  100 . 
         [0159]    The elastic thread(s) can, in particular, comprise elastane. 
         [0160]    In particular the shirt  100  can have, at the front side  212  of the trunk region  214 , a first compression region  142   a  which extends from the lower border  224  upwardly into the shoulder regions  216  and to the collar  218  of the shirt  100 . 
         [0161]    Furthermore, the shirt  100  can have, at the rear side  226  of the trunk region  214 , a second compression region  142   b  which extends from the lower border  224  via the back region  228  into the shoulder regions  216  and the collar  218  of the shirt  100 . 
         [0162]    Furthermore, the shirt  100  can have a third compression region  142   c  on each arm region  230 , extending from a lower border  270  of each arm region  230  upwardly as far as an upper edge  272  of the third compression region  142   c  which preferably extends below the elbow region  234  of each arm region  230 . 
         [0163]    Finally, the shirt  100  can have a fourth compression region  142   d  on each arm region  230 , extending from a lower edge  274  of the fourth compression region  142   d  upwardly as far as an upper edge  276  of each arm region  230 , at which the arm region  230  borders on the trunk region  214  of the shirt  100 . 
         [0164]    The lower edge  274  of the fourth compression region  142   d  preferably runs above each elbow region  234 . 
         [0165]    In the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the lower edge  274  of the fourth compression region  142   d  and the upper edge  272  of the third compression region  142   c  are separated from one another. 
         [0166]    It could, however, also be provided that the compression regions  142   c  and  142   d  directly adjoin one another and form a coherent compression region of the respective arm region  230  of the shirt  100 . 
         [0167]    In principle, the progression of the compression strength in the compression regions  142   a  to  142   d  can be substantially constant. 
         [0168]    In a preferred embodiment, however, a gradual progression of the compression strength in the compression regions  142   a  to  142   d  is provided. 
         [0169]    The gradient of the compression strength is herein directed such that the compression strength both in the trunk region  214  and in the arm regions  230  always decreases in the direction toward the chest region  220 . 
         [0170]    In the first compression region  142   a  on the front side  212  of the trunk region  214  of the shirt  100 , the relative compression strength in the chest region  220  is from zero to approximately 30% of the maximum compression strength in the first compression region  142   a  and in the shoulder regions  216  is from zero to approximately 60% of the maximum compression strength in the first compression region  142   a.    
         [0171]    The maximum compression strength in the first compression region  142   a  is preferably not more than approximately 12 mm Hg. 
         [0172]    In the second compression region  142   b  on the rear side  226  of the trunk region  214 , the relative compression strength in the part of the back region  228  lying opposite the chest region  220  is preferably from zero to approximately 30% of the maximum compression strength in the second compression region  142   b  and in the shoulder regions  216  is preferably from zero to approximately 60% of the maximum compression strength in the second compression region  142   b.    
         [0173]    The maximum compression strength in the second compression region  142   b  is preferably not more than approximately 12 mm Hg. 
         [0174]    In the third compression regions  142   c , the compression strength preferably decreases from the lower border  270  to the upper edge  272 . 
         [0175]    Furthermore, in the fourth compression regions  142   d , the compression strength preferably decreases from the lower edge  274  to the upper edge  276 . 
         [0176]    In the elbow regions  234 , the arm regions  230  preferably have no compression effect. 
         [0177]    At the upper edge  276  of the arm regions  230 , the compression strength is preferably substantially the same as in the shoulder regions  216  of the trunk region  214 . 
         [0178]    The arm regions  230  of the shirt  100  are preferably fixedly attached to the trunk region  214 . 
         [0179]    The arm regions  230  can have any desired length up to a full arm length. 
         [0180]    Preferably, the trunk region  214  and the arm regions  230  are made of an elastically yielding material. 
         [0181]    In particular, a base element  170  of the shirt  100  can be made of an elastic base material, preferably a knitted fabric. 
         [0182]    The yarns and threads used for manufacturing the shirt  100  can be of natural as well as of synthetic origin. The use of a combination of natural and synthetic fibrous materials is also possible. 
         [0183]    In particular, all single jersey basic structures are possible as knitted constructions for the basic knit material  122  of the base element  170  of the shirt  100 , for example
       single jersey—unplated;   single jersey—plated (RL-p);   single jersey—tuck (RL-F);   single jersey—knop (RL-N);   single jersey—terry (RL-P); and   single jersey—floated (RL-h).       
 
         [0190]    Each stimulus-inducing structure  156  comprises functional elements  158  which, in the worn state of the shirt  100 , bring about a sensory stimulus effect and a proprioceptive stimulation of the musculature of the wearer. 
         [0191]    This stimulation leads to increased muscle activity and improves the synchronisation of the wearer. 
         [0192]    The functional elements  158  are preferably configured as raised portions which are arranged on the inside of the shirt  100  and act directly on the skin of the wearer. 
         [0193]    Particularly thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers, which can optionally contain additives, are suitable as a material for the raised portions. 
         [0194]    Silicones and PVC-based plastisols have proved to be particularly suitable. 
         [0195]    Functional elements  158  made of such materials can be applied, for example, by a printing method, in particular by a stencil printing method or a silk screen printing method, onto the inside of the basic knit material  122  of the shirt  100 . 
         [0196]    Alternatively or additionally, the functional elements  158  can be made particularly in the form of raised portions, but also with textile materials and/or textile constructions, which lead to the formation of a raised portion, for example by means of a plush configuration, projecting toward the skin of the wearer. 
         [0197]    In order to achieve an effective proprioceptive stimulation of the musculature of the wearer, it is favourable if the stimulation takes place locally limited, in particular substantially in point form. 
         [0198]    It is therefore favourable if the functional elements  158  have a largest extent of not more than approximately 1.0 cm, preferably not more than approximately 0.6 cm, in particular not more than approximately 0.3 cm. 
         [0199]    On the other hand, it has proved to be favourable if the largest extent of the functional elements  158  is at least approximately 0.2 cm. 
         [0200]    The height of the functional elements  158 , that is, their extent perpendicularly to the basic knit material  122  by which the functional elements  158  project toward the skin of the wearer, is at least approximately 0.1 cm, in particular at least approximately 0.2 cm. 
         [0201]    It has also proved to be favourable if the height of the functional elements  158  is not more than approximately 0.6 cm, in particular not more than approximately 0.4 cm. 
         [0202]    Preferably, the functional elements  158  are made of a material with a Shore A hardness of at least approximately 20. 
         [0203]    It has also proved to be favourable if the Shore A hardness of the material of the functional elements  158  is not more than approximately 90. 
         [0204]    The Shore A hardness can be determined according to DIN 53505 or DIN EN ISO 868. 
         [0205]    Alternatively, the functional elements  158  can be made of a material with a Shore D hardness of at least approximately 20 and/or not more than approximately 90. 
         [0206]    The Shore D hardness can be determined according to DIN 53505 or DIN ISO 7619-1. 
         [0207]    Since the stimulation effect of the stimulus induction zones  154  involves a proprioceptives stimulation of the muscle and tendon structures, the stimulus-inducing structures  156  are preferably arranged in stimulus induction zones  154  along the courses of the muscles and/or the tendons. 
         [0208]    Each stimulus-inducing structure  156  comprises functional elements  158  which, in the worn state of the shirt  100 , bring about a sensory stimulus effect and a proprioceptive stimulation of the musculature of the wearer. 
         [0209]    In particular, the functional elements  158  are preferably configured as raised portions arranged on the inside of the shirt  100 , so that they can act directly on the skin of the wearer. 
         [0210]    For example, at the back side  226  of the trunk region  214 , in the lower back region  228  of the second compression region  142   b , the shirt  100  can have a stimulus induction zone  154   a , which substantially completely covers the thoracolumbar fascia of the wearer in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0211]    The stimulus induction zone  154   a  is preferably configured as a rectangle with a width (extent parallel to the lower border  224 ) of approximately 10 cm to approximately 15 cm and a height (extent along the spinal column line  278  which, in the worn state of the shirt  100 , follows the course of the spinal column of the wearer) of approximately 8 cm to approximately 15 cm. 
         [0212]    The outer contour  280  of the stimulus induction zone  154   a  is preferably substantially configured and oriented with mirror symmetry to the spinal column line  278 , which in the worn state of the shirt  100  corresponds to the position of the spinal column of the wearer. 
         [0213]    In order to enable the most exact possible positioning of the stimulus induction zones  154  of the shirt  100  relative to the body of the wearer when the shirt  100  is put on, it can be provided that the spinal column line  278  is configured as a marking strip or a marking line on the shirt  100 , which extends from the lower border  224  to the collar  218  and, when the shirt  100  is put on, can serve as a positioning aid for the wearer. 
         [0214]    Two further stimulus induction zones  154   b  and  154   c  can be arranged to the left and right of the spinal column line  278 , parallel thereto, and preferably such that the stimulus induction zones  154   b  and  154   c  in the form of strips directly adjoin the stimulus induction zone  154   a  at their lower edge, each with a narrow side, and extend upwardly to approximately the height of the vertebra T 10, in order thus to overlap the erector spinae muscle group as completely as possible. 
         [0215]    The spacing of the stimulus induction zones  154   b  and  154   c  from one another perpendicular to the spinal column line  278  is preferably at least 1 cm and preferably not more than 4 cm. It is thereby achieved that, in the worn state of the shirt  100 , overlapping of the stimulus induction zones  154   b  and  154   c  with the processes of the spinal column is largely avoided to preclude nerve irritation. 
         [0216]    The width of the stimulus induction zones  154   b  and  154   c  themselves, that is their extent parallel to the lower border  224 , is preferably from approximately 4 cm to approximately 6 cm. 
         [0217]    The extent of the stimulus induction zones  154   b  and  154   c  along the spinal column line  278  is preferably from approximately 7 cm to approximately 17 cm. 
         [0218]    The stimulus induction zones  154   a ,  154   b  and  154   c  which directly adjoin one another, together form a combined stimulus induction zone  154   d , the overall extent of which parallel to the spinal column line  278  is preferably from approximately 20 cm to approximately 25 cm. 
         [0219]    Furthermore, the shirt  100  can have a stimulus induction zone  154   e  in each of the arm regions  230 , extending from the lower border  270  of each arm region  230  via the forearm region  235 , the elbow region  234  and the upper arm region  232  as far as the upper edge  276  of the each arm region  230 . 
         [0220]    These stimulus induction zones  145   e  preferably extend along the triceps brachii muscles and along the extensors of the forearm when the shirt  100  is worn. 
         [0221]    Preferably, the outer contours  280  of the stimulus induction zones  154   e  substantially correspond to the outer contours of the triceps brachii muscles and/or the extensors of the forearm. 
         [0222]    The width of the stimulus induction zones  154 , that is, their extent in the peripheral direction of the shirt  100  is preferably dimensioned so that the individual anatomical differences of the different wearers are taken into account. 
         [0223]    Since the functional elements  158  of the stimulus induction zones  154  are arranged on the inside of the shirt  100 , they do not have to be visible from the outside of the shirt  100  (as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ). 
         [0224]    In order that the stimulus-inducing structures  156  of the stimulus induction zones  154  can have the strongest possible stimulating effect on the respective associated muscle and tendon structures, the stimulus induction zones  154  should be positioned, in the worn state, as precisely as possible on the respectively associated muscle and tendon structures. 
         [0225]    As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the stimulus-inducing structures  156  of the stimulus induction zones  154  are mostly arranged, preferably by more than 90%, in one of the compression regions  142  of the shirt  100 . By this means, it is achieved that the local pressure loading of the skin of the wearer is amplified by the functional elements  158  of the stimulus-inducing structures  156  by the large area compression effect of the compression regions  142 . Thus, by means of the combination of the compression effect, firstly, of the compression regions  142  and, secondly, of the local functional elements  158  of the stimulus-inducing structures  156 , a particularly effective proprioceptive stimulation of the musculature of the wearer is brought about. 
         [0226]    The surface density of the functional elements  158  in the stimulus induction zones  154  is preferably at least approximately 1 per cm 2 , in particular at least approximately 4 per cm 2 , particularly preferably at least approximately 8 per cm 2 . 
         [0227]    It has further proved to be favourable if the surface density of the functional elements  158  in the stimulus induction zones  154  is not more than approximately 25 per cm 2 , in particular not more than approximately 16 per cm 2 , particularly preferably not more than approximately 12 per cm 2 . 
         [0228]    In  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the functional elements  158  of the stimulus-inducing structures  156  are shown schematically as substantially circular. 
         [0229]    A single functional element  158  with a circular edge is shown in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0230]    The functional elements  158  can, in principle, also have any desired other outer contours, for example, a triangular outer contour (see  FIG. 4 ), a square outer contour (see  FIG. 5 ), a rectangular outer contour (see  FIG. 6 ) or an angled outer contour (see  FIG. 7 ). 
         [0231]    Furthermore, it can be provided that the functional elements  158  of a stimulus-inducing structure  156  are not entirely isolated from one another, but rather adjoin one another at end points and thus form a coherent stimulus-inducing structure  156 , for example a stimulus-inducing structure  156  in the form of a honeycomb, as shown as a section in  FIG. 8 . 
         [0232]    For a local, isolated proprioceptive stimulation of the musculature of the wearer, however, it is important that the functional elements  158  do not cover the whole area of the respective stimulus induction zone  154 , but that surface sections  168  free from the functional elements  158  remain between the functional elements  158  and, in the worn state of the shirt  100 , do not exert any pressure on the skin of the wearer. 
         [0233]    In an upper body article of apparel which comprises a textile base element  170  in the form of a basic knit material  172 , the functional elements  158  of the stimulus-inducing structures  156  can be formed, in particular, in that the relevant functional element  158  comprises a knitted region  174  which differs in its construction from an adjoining knitted region  176  of the basic knit material  172 . 
         [0234]    Thus, in the functional element  158  shown schematically in its stitch structure in  FIG. 9 , the knitted region  176  of the basic knit material  172  adjoining the functional element  158  is knitted in a single jersey basic structure made of a ground thread  178  (shown in  FIG. 9  without shading), which is plaited with a plaiting thread  180  (shown in  FIG. 9  with shading). 
         [0235]    In the knitted region  174  of the functional element  158  (shown centrally in  FIG. 9 ) which in the exemplary embodiment shown comprises seven stitch wales and six stitch rows, an additional plush thread  182  (shown dotted in  FIG. 9 ) is knitted into the basic knit material  172  with a plush structure. 
         [0236]    The knitted region  174  of the functional element  158  is therefore selectively configured as a plush (sandwich or normal plush). 
         [0237]    This plush forms a structure raised above the basic knit material  172 . 
         [0238]    The plush can be knitted with an ergonomic method (plated in shapes) or selectively knitted. 
         [0239]    The shape of the knitted region  174  is, in principle, arbitrary; in particular, any of the outer contours shown in  FIGS. 3 to 8  can be used for this. 
         [0240]    Each functional element  158  which comprises a knitted region  174  with a raised area is knitted separately from the other functional elements  158  by means of the plush thread  182  introduced additionally from a basic system of the knitting machine or from one or more knitting systems of the knitting machine, which forms stitches together with the basic knit material  172 . 
         [0241]    Whilst the ground thread  178  and the plaiting thread  180  produce smooth stitches, ground stitches are created from the additional plush threads  182  with inwardly facing (that is, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, toward the skin of the wearer) plush loops  184 . 
         [0242]    The additional plush thread  182  is introduced into an area which can be freely determined using a pattern and cut, for example, by means of a saw and a top blade of the knitting machine, so that individual functional elements  158  arranged separately from one another are produced. 
         [0243]    For manufacturing a selective plush or partial plush of this type, a knitting machine which has needles  186  and plush sinkers  188  can be used, as illustrated schematically in  FIG. 10 . 
         [0244]    The plush sinkers  188  shown in  FIG. 10  are sandwich plush sinkers. Alternatively thereto, however, other knocking-over sinkers, in particular, normal plush sinkers can be used. 
         [0245]    Each of the plush sinkers  188  has a foot  190 , a shaft  192 , a forward guide part  194  arranged between the shaft  192  and the foot  190 , a sinker beak  196  arranged above the shaft, a throat  198  arranged above the sinker beak  196  and a plush nib  199  arranged above the throat. 
         [0246]    The course of the plaiting thread  180  and of the plush thread  182  over the plush sinkers  188  and the needles  186  is also shown in  FIG. 10 . The ground thread  178  runs directly under the plaiting thread  180  and in the representation in  FIG. 10  is covered by the plaiting thread  180 . 
         [0247]    Through the use of sandwich plush sinkers, the plush thread  182  is brought to the outside of the fabric. 
         [0248]    Any desired materials and material combinations can be used as the ground thread  178  and the plaiting thread  180  of the basic knit material  172 . 
         [0249]    Preferably, for the formation of the plush in the knitted region  174  of the functional element  158 , there is used a synthetic fibre material made, for example, of polypropylene in combination with a hot-melt adhesive material made, for example, of polyester. 
         [0250]    In an actual exemplary embodiment, a polyproylene filament yarn (for example, a twisted dtex 84/F25/2 yarn, made of 2 threads of 25 filaments each) with a relatively low melting point in the region of 165° C. to approximately 175° C. and a softening point in the region of 150° C. to 155° C. is combined with the hot-melt adhesive material PES Grilon KE 60 with a softening point in the range of 55° C. to 65° C. and a usage temperature of 80° C. to 110° C. 
         [0251]    The combination of these materials forming the plush thread  182  can be made, for example, by intermingling or entwining. 
         [0252]    A twisting process is less favoured in order to obtain extensive neutrality in the twisting tendency. 
         [0253]    The thread construction forming the plush thread  182  can be very readily used in the stitch forming process of the knitting process due to its retained softness. 
         [0254]    Only by means of a subsequent heat treatment following the knitting process at a temperature in the range of approximately 105° C. to approximately 180° C. does melting of the materials take place in the knitted region  174  of the functional element  158 , leading to the formation of stiffened, relatively hard structures which cause the stimulating effect when the upper body article of apparel is worn. 
         [0255]    The hardness of the functional elements  158  made in this way can be influenced, for example, by the selection of the treatment temperature during the heat treatment. 
         [0256]    A higher treatment temperature leads, in principle, to a higher level of hardness of the functional elements  158 , since a larger proportion of the hot-melt adhesive material is melted and binds to the other materials in the knitted region  174  of the functional element  158 , so that the functional element  158  becomes stiffer. 
         [0257]    The heat treatment can be performed after knitting the knitted region  174  of the functional element  158 , for example, by tumbling, form fixing, or by applying hot air. 
         [0258]    Another possibility for creating functional elements  158  by generating a knitted region  174  which, with respect to its weave, differs from an adjoining knitted region  176  of a basic knit material  172  of the upper body article of apparel is shown schematically in the stitch structures of  FIGS. 11 and 12 , wherein  FIG. 12  is an enlarged section of the region I of the fabric, shown at top left in  FIG. 11 . 
         [0259]    In this embodiment also, the basic knit material  172  is formed from a ground thread  178  (shown without shading in  FIGS. 11 and 12 ) and a plaiting thread  180  (shown with shading in  FIGS. 11 and 12 ). 
         [0260]    A functional element  158  in the form of a region which is raised relative to the basic knit material  172  is obtained in this embodiment in that a tuck stitch fabric is created which comprises a plurality of tuck stitch loops  200  over a plurality of, in the exemplary embodiment shown eight, stitch rows and with a repeat of a plurality of, in the exemplary embodiment shown, six, stitch wales in a single jersey knitted fabric. 
         [0261]    In the knitted region  174  of the functional element  158 , a hot-melt adhesive thread  204  (shown dotted in  FIGS. 11 and 12 ) can be worked in by plaiting as an additional plaiting thread  202 . 
         [0262]    A hot-melt adhesive thread  204  of this type can comprise, for example, polyester or copolyamide. 
         [0263]    For example, the hot-melt adhesive material PES Grilon KE 60 made of polyester (with a softening point of 55° C. to 65° C.) or the hot-melt adhesive material Grilon KE 85 Copolyamide made of copolyamide with a softening point of 80° C. to 90° C. can be used as the hot-melt adhesive thread  204 . 
         [0264]    Any desired materials and material combinations can be used as the ground thread  178  and the plaiting thread  180  for the basic knit material  172 . 
         [0265]    In an actual exemplary embodiment, the elastic covering material CT  6416  consisting of an elastane thread with a fineness of dtex 17 covered with a polyamide thread having a dtex of 16F10 is used as the ground thread  178  and a polyamide yarn with a dtex of 78/68/2 is used as the plaiting thread  180 . 
         [0266]    When the knitted region  174  of the functional element  158  is knitted, the ground thread  178 , the plaiting thread  180  and the hot-melt adhesive thread  204  are floated to form the tuck stitch loops  200  during the formation of a plurality of, for example eight, stitch rows and are then cast off. 
         [0267]    In  FIG. 11 , two functional elements  158  made in this way are shown, offset to one another in a diagonal direction of the fabric. 
         [0268]    A variety of possibilities as to how the functional elements  158  of the stimulus-inducing structures  156  in the stimulus induction zones  154  of an upper body article of apparel can be produced directly on a base element  170  of the upper body article of apparel have been described above. 
         [0269]    Alternatively thereto, at least one stimulus-inducing structure  156  can comprise at least one support element  236  (see  FIG. 13 ) on which a plurality of functional elements  158  are provided. 
         [0270]    The support element  236  having the functional elements  158  can be manufactured separately from the base element  170  of the upper body article of apparel and then releasably or non-releasably connected to the base element  170  of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0271]    In a particular embodiment of such a support element  236 , it is provided that all the functional elements  158  of a stimulus induction zone  154  are arranged on the relevant support element  236 , so that for manufacturing the stimulus-inducing structure  156  of the respective stimulus induction zone  154 , only a single support element  158  is needed. 
         [0272]    In such a case, an outer contour  238  of the support element  236  preferably substantially matches the outer contour  280  of the associated stimulus induction zone  154 . 
         [0273]    In particular, in the embodiment of a support element  236  according to  FIGS. 13 and 14 , the outer contour  238  thereof matches the outer contour  280  of the combined stimulus induction zone  154   d  on the rear side of the shirt  100  (see  FIG. 2 ). 
         [0274]    A support element of this type can be manufactured, for example, as an injection moulded part or as a film of a suitable plastics material. 
         [0275]    Alternatively thereto, the support element  236  can comprise a textile material, for example a knitted fabric. 
         [0276]    The support element  236  is arranged on the base element  170  of the upper body article of apparel such that the stimulus-inducing functional elements  158  lie on a front side  240  of the support element  236  facing away from the base element  170  of the upper body article of apparel and, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, face toward the body of the wearer. 
         [0277]    The rear side  242  of the support element  236  shown in  FIG. 15  which, in the mounted state of the support element  236 , faces toward the base element  170  of the upper body article of apparel can be provided with fastening devices  244 . The fastening devices  244  can be configured, for example, as adhesion elements  246  which cooperate with adhesion elements (not shown) on the base element  170  of the upper body article of apparel in order to fasten the support element  236  releasably on the base element  170  of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0278]    In particular, the adhesion elements  246  can form a constituent part of a touch-and-close fastener or a hook-and-loop fastener. 
         [0279]    In an alternative embodiment of a support element  236 , illustrated in  FIG. 16 , which is releasably fastenable to the base element  170  of the upper body article of apparel, the fastening devices  244  are configured as locking elements  248  which are lockable to base element-side locking elements (not shown), in order to fasten the support element  236  releasably on the base element  170  of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0280]    In particular, it can be provided that at least one support element-side locking element  248  and a base element-side locking element cooperating therewith together form a press fastener. 
         [0281]    In an alternative embodiment of the stimulus-inducing structure  126  of a stimulus induction zone  154  shown in  FIGS. 17 and 18 , it is provided that, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, the functional elements  158  do not make direct contact with the skin of the wearer of the upper body article of apparel, but rather that, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, a covering  250  is arranged between the functional elements  158  and the body of the wearer. 
         [0282]    The covering  250  can be formed, for example, from a textile material or a film, in particular a plastics film. 
         [0283]    An outer contour  252  of the covering  250  preferably substantially matches the outer contour  280  of the relevant stimulus induction zone  154 . 
         [0284]    As can be best seen from  FIG. 18 , the covering  250  can be connected, for example, by means of a seam  254 , to a rear wall  256  manufactured separately from the base element  170 , for example from a textile material or a film, in particular a plastics material and, together with the rear wall  256 , can thus form a pocket  258  in which the functional elements  158  of the stimulus-inducing structure  156  are accommodated. 
         [0285]    The pocket  258  is assembled from the covering  250  and the rear wall  256  separately from the base element  170  before the pocket  258  as a whole is non-releasably or releasably fastened to the base element  170  of the upper body article of apparel. 
         [0286]    The pocket  258  can be closed along its outer contour or can have an opening through which the functional elements  158  and, in particular, the support elements  236  supporting the functional elements  158  can be introduced into the pocket  258 . 
         [0287]    It can herein be provided that all the functional elements  158  of the stimulus-inducing structure  156  are arranged on a single support element  236 . 
         [0288]    In the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 17 and 18 , it is alternatively provided that the stimulus-inducing structure  156  has a plurality of support elements  236 , each of which carries a plurality of stimulus-inducing functional elements  158 . 
         [0289]    The support elements  236  can be manufactured separately from the covering  250  and separately from the rear wall  256  and subsequently connected to the rear wall  256  and/or to the covering  250 , for example, by adhesion, welding and/or sewing. 
         [0290]    Furthermore, it could also be provided that the rear side of the pocket  258  opposing the covering  250  is not formed by means of a rear wall  256  configured separately from the base element  170 , but rather by means of a section  260  of the base element  170 . 
         [0291]    In this case, the support elements  236  are connected to the section  260  of the base element  170 , for example, by means of adhesion, welding and/or sewing. 
         [0292]    Furthermore, it can be provided that arranged in the pocket  258  is a biasing element (not shown) which, in the worn state of the upper body article of apparel, biases the functional elements  158  toward the body of the wearer, in order thus to amplify the application pressure of the functional elements  158  onto the skin of the wearer through the covering  250 . 
         [0293]    A biasing element of this type can comprise, for example, a foam material inlay. 
         [0294]    The use of such a biasing element can be useful, in particular, if the body of the wearer of the upper body article of apparel is concavely shaped in the region in which the relevant stimulus induction zone  154  is arranged. 
         [0295]    The use of a covering  250  between the functional elements  158  and the body of the wearer of the upper body article of apparel is particularly advantageous if the functional elements  158  are configured relatively hard, relatively high and/or relatively pointed.