Abstract:
A novel recombinant protein expression system is provided for improving expression of recombinant human arginase I. The system contains an isolated and purified nucleic acid molecule for constructing plasmid and  E. coli  strain in order to improve the expression of recombinant human arginase I. In another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for producing an isolated  E. coli  strain in expressing said arginase.

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention is related to the cloning of human arginase I. In particular, the present invention is related to nucleic acid molecules and plasmids that correspond to said human arginase I. The present invention also relates to a strain of  E. coli  for expression of said recombinant protein of human arginase I. The present invention also relates to a method of producing a recombinant protein. 
       BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
       [0002]    Recombinant process uses genetically engineered organisms to produce useful proteins for medical use. Some examples of product made by recombinant process are insulin, growth hormones and vaccines. Large amounts of the protein can be produced in a factory with vats of the genetically engineered bacteria. In recombinant process, organism most commonly used is  Escherichia coli.    
         [0003]    Bacteria physiology and genetics are probably far better understood than for any other living organism. However, the success or failure of a process often depends on the survival rate of the genetically engineered bacteria and the recombinant DNA which carries the essential information for making the final product. Poorly constructed plasmid may become unable to produce meaningful amount of product yet lower the survival rate of the genetically engineered bacteria. There are also risks of producing contaminations hard to eliminate and worsen the quality of the final product. 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
       [0004]    In view of the foregoing background, it is an object of the present invention to provide a better genetically engineered bacteria in producing human arginase I so as to maximize output of producing said arginase, making the method safe and efficient for the production of pharmaceutical GMP grade material. 
         [0005]    Accordingly, the present invention, in one aspect, is an isolated and purified nucleic acid molecule for the expression of recombinant human arginase I. 
         [0006]    A preferred embodiment of the present invention is the use of the aforesaid nucleic acid molecule in constructing a plasmid for expression of recombinant human arginase I. 
         [0007]    A further aspect of the invention is the use of the aforesaid plasmid in constructing an isolated strain of  Escherichia coli  for the production of recombinant human arginase I. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES 
         [0008]      FIG. 1  shows the agarose electrophoretic analysis of plasmid extraction of pET30(+)/ARGC from transformed competent DH5(α)  E. coli  cells. Extracted pET30(+)/ARGC was digested with the restrictive enzymes NdeI and XhoI. Expected fragment sizes of 1.4 kb and 5 kb were shown. Lane M: λ DNA/EcoRI+HindIII Marker (MBI); Lane 1: pET30a(+)/ARGC double-digested with NdeI and XhoI; Lane 2: Undigested pET30a(+)/ARGC. 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  shows the inserted nucleotide sequence of the recombinant pET30(+)/ARGC, containing 1,383 nucleic acids. 
           [0010]      FIG. 3  shows the agarose electrophoretic analysis of plasmid extraction of pET30(+)/ARGM from transformed competent DH5(α)  E. coli  cells. Extracted pET30(+)/ARGM was digested with the restrictive enzymes NdeI and XhoI. Expected fragment sizes of 1 kb and 5 kb were shown. Lane M: λ DNA/EcoRI+HindIII Marker (MBI); Lane 1: pET30a(+)/ARGM double-digested with NdeI and XhoI; Lane 2: Undigested pET30a(+)/ARGM. 
           [0011]      FIG. 4  shows the inserted nucleotide sequence of the recombinant pET30(+)/ARGM, containing 993 nucleic acids, including 2 sets of stop codon TAA. 
           [0012]      FIG. 5  shows the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the 993 nucleic acids coding region of pET30a(+)/ARGM. The expressed human arginase I protein is a protein of 322 amino acid residues plus an initiation methionine and a tag of 6 histidines, or 329 amino acid residues in total. 
           [0013]      FIG. 6  shows the SDS-PAGE analysis of the pAED-4/ARGC expressed by BL21(DE3). Lane M: low molecular weight protein marker; Lane 1: recombinant human arginase I without IPTG induction; Lane 2: 1 h after induction; Lane 3: 2 h after induction; Lane 4: 3 h after induction; Lane 5: 4 h after induction; Lane 6: 5 h after induction. 
           [0014]      FIG. 7  shows the SDS-PAGE analysis of the pET30a(+)/ARGC expressed by BL21(DE3). Lane M: low molecular weight protein marker; Lane 1: recombinant human arginase I without IPTG induction; Lane 2: 1 h after induction; Lane 3: 2 h after induction; Lane 4: 3 h after induction; Lane 5: 4 h after induction; Lane 6: 5 h after induction. 
           [0015]      FIG. 8  shows the SDS-PAGE analysis of the pET30a(+)/ARGM expressed by BL21(DE3). Lane M: low molecular weight protein marker; Lane P: pure human arginae I; Lane 1: recombinant human arginase I without IPTG induction; Lane 2: 1 h after induction; Lane 3: 2 h after induction; Lane 4: 3 h after induction; Lane 5: 4 h after induction; Lane 6: 5 h after induction. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Construction of the pET30a(+)/ARGC Plasmid 
       [0016]    The plasmid pET30a(+)/ARGC plasmid was prepared using experimental techniques common in the field of gene cloning. First, both pAED-4/ARGC plasmid and pET30a(+) plasmid were independently subjected to overnight digestion at 37° C. with the restrictive enzymes NdeI and XhoI. The digested fragments were then mixed with T4 DNA ligase at 16° C. overnight. The ligated plasmid was transformed into competent DH5(α)  E. coli  cells. Selection was performed on LB plates comprising 30 μg/mL kanamycin. Single colonies were picked and cultured. The ligated plasmid was extracted and confirmed by digestion using the restrictive enzymes NdeI and XhoI at 37° C. for 1 hour and electrophoresis. Ultimately, the ligated and extracted plasmid contained a pET30(+) backbone and the human arginase gene (containing non-coding sequence) was named pET30(+)/ARGC. The nucleic acid sequence was confirmed by Invitrogen Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Shanghai). As shown in  FIG. 2 , it was identical with the theorized sequence, consisting of 1,383 nucleic acids. 
       EXAMPLE 2 
     Expression of the pET30a(+)/ARGC Plasmid 
       [0017]    The constructed pET30a(+)/ARGC was used to transform competent BL21 (DE3)  E. coli  cells on LB plates containing 30 μg/mL kanamycin. After 12 hours growth time, single colonies were picked and transferred into 50 mL LB media. The cells were fermented at 37° C. at 250 rpm. At OD 600  0.6 to 0.8, IPTG was added to a concentration of 0.4 mM to induce expression. SDS-PAGE is used to test the expression level. 
       EXAMPLE 3 
     Construction of pET30a(+)/ARGM Plasmid 
       [0018]    Two primers (SEQ ID NO. 1 and 2) were designed for the construction of pET30a(+)/ARGM plasmid using the restrictive enzymes NdeI and XhoI, as follows: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                 1-F: 
                   
               
               
                 5′-GGAATTCCATATGCATCACCATCACCATCAC-3′ 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2-R: 
               
               
                 5′-CCGCTCGAGTTATTACTTAGGTGGGTTAAGGTAGTCAATAG-3 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0019]    The plasmid pET30a(+)/ARGM was prepared using experimental techniques common in the field of gene cloning. First, amplify pAED-4/ARGC plasmid by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using pAED-4/ARGC plasmid as the template. The amplified gene fragments and pET30a(+) plasmid were independently subjected to overnight digestion at 37° C. with the restrictive enzymes NdeI and XhoI. The digested fragments were then mixed with T4 DNA ligase at 16° C. overnight. The ligated plasmid was transformed into competent DH5(α)  E. coli  cells. Selection was performed on LB plates comprising 30 μg/mL kanamycin. Single colonies were picked and cultured. The ligated plasmid was extracted and confirmed by digestion using the restrictive enzymes NdeI and XhoI at 37° C. for 1 hour and electrophoresis. Ultimately, the ligated and extracted plasmid contained a pET30(+) backbone and the human arginase gene (without the non-coding sequence), was named pET30(a)/ARGM. The nucleic acid sequence was sent to and confirmed by Invitrogen Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Shanghai). As shown in  FIG. 4 , it was identical with the theorized sequence, consisting of 993 nucleic acids. 
       EXAMPLE 4 
     Expression of the pET30a(+)/ARGM Plasmid 
       [0020]    The constructed pET30a(+)/ARGM was used to transform competent BL21 (DE3)  E. coli  cells on LB plates containing 30 μg/mL kanamycin. After 12 hours growth time, single colonies were picked and transferred into 50 mL LB media. The cells were fermented at 37° C. at 250 rpm. At OD 600  0.6 to 0.8, IPTG was added to a concentration of 0.4 mM to induce expression. SDS-PAGE is used to test the expression level. 
       EXAMPLE 5 
     Comparison of Expression Level among the Human Arginase I Expressed in BL21(DE3)  E. coli    
       [0021]      FIG. 6  shows the expression level of human arginase from BL21(DE3)  E. coli  cells transformed with pAED-4/ARGC. It is apparent that the impurity is high, while the expression level is low.  FIG. 7  shows the expression level of recombinant human arginase from BL21(DE3)  E. coli  cells transformed with pET30a(+)/ARGC. It is apparent that the content contains less purity as compared to cells transformed with pAED-4/ARGC. Although the expression level is slightly higher than those expressed by pAED-4/ARGC as in  FIG. 6 , the yield of expressed human arginase I is still low.  FIG. 8  shows the expression level of human arginase from BL21(DE3)  E. coli  cells transformed with pET30a(+)/ARGM. It can be seen that the content is the most pure among the three plasmids, and the expression level is the highest. 
       EXAMPLE 6 
     Comparison of Plasmid Stability among the Human Arginase I Expressed in BL21(DE3)  E. coli    
       [0022]    Table 1, 2 and 3 show the comparison of physiological characteristics of  E. coli  cells transformed with pAED-4/ARGC, pET30a(+)/ARGC and pET30a(+)/ARGM, in terms of plasmid stability. Initially,  E. coli  cells transformed with pAED-4/ARGC and pET30a(+)/ARGC showed normal growth rate and kanamycin resistance. After 4 months of storage in glycerol at −80° C., no colony was detected until the dilution fold was decreased to 10e4-10e5, and no gene expression was detected from the fermentation broth. 
         [0023]      E. coli  cells transformed with pET30a(+)/ARGM initially showed normal kanamycin resistance at the dilution fold of 10e9-10e10. Also, expression level was found to be 15% to 25%, which was much higher than that of pAED-4/ARGC and pET30a(+)/ARGC transformed cells. After 6 months of storage in glycerol at −80° C., pET30a(+)/ARGM transformed cells retained the normal level of kanamycin resistance, and expression level was much higher than that of pAED-4/ARGC and pET30a(+)/ARGC transformed cells after 4 months −80° C. storage. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 physiological properties of pAED-4/ARGC transformed BL21(DE3) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Dilution fold at 
                 Gene expression induced by IPTG, 
               
               
                 Time 
                 detecting colonies 
                 extrapolated from SDS PAGE 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 T 0   
                 10e9–10e10 
                 ~7% 
               
               
                 T 4 months   
                 10e4–10e5  
                 0% 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 physiological properties of pET30a(+)/ARGC transformed BL21(DE3) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Dilution fold at 
                 Gene expression induced by IPTG, 
               
               
                 Time 
                 detecting colonies 
                 extrapolated from SDS PAGE 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 T 0   
                 10e9–10e10 
                 ~7% 
               
               
                 T 4 months   
                 10e4–10e5  
                 0% 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 physiological properties of pET30a(+)/ARGM transformed BL21(DE3) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Dilution fold at 
                 Gene expression induced by IPTG, 
               
               
                 Time 
                 detecting colonies 
                 extrapolated from SDS PAGE 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 T 0   
                 10e9–10e10 
                 15%–25% 
               
               
                 T 6 months   
                 10e9–10e10 
                 15%–25% 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0024]    The preferred embodiments of the present invention are thus fully described. Although the description referred to particular embodiments, it will be clear to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced with variation of these specific details. Hence, this invention should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. 
         [0025]    For example, although the present invention referred to using pET30a(+) vector from Novagen, a person skilled in the art will appreciate that other vectors may be employed, such as pTrcHis (Invitrogen), pGEX (Amersham Biosciences), pBAD (Invitrogen), pRSET (Invitrogen), pBV220, and pQE (Qiagen). 
         [0026]    A person skilled in the art will also appreciate that although the present invention referred to using a lac promoter, a person skilled in the art will appreciate that other promoters may be used, such as tryptophan promoter, Trc promoter, Tac promoter, araBAD promoter, T7 promoter, T5 promoter, and temperature induced promoter. 
         [0027]    Furthermore, a person skilled in the art will also appreciate that although the present invention referred to using BL21(DE3) as host, other expression systems may be employed, such as TOP10, M15, and DH5a  E. coli.    
         [0028]    The present invention has been described using the encoding region of human arginase I, which consists of 990 bp including the final TAA which transcribes into the stop codon UAA. The most preferred embodiment of the present invention uses an encoding region of human arginase I consisting of 993 bp, which an additional set of TAA is included to further ensure the expression of the terminal signal.