Abstract:
New or unused consumable product is distributed with a package capable of capturing the used or spent product for transmission to a recycling or disposal facility. The package is preaddressed for delivery to an appropriate reclamation center or disposal facility, with prepaid delivery charges for a commercial package service. At the reclamation center or disposal facility, the used or spent product is separated from the package for recycling and reusable portions of the package are again packaged with new or unused product, with any waste materials being properly handled. In the exemplary embodiment of motor oil, the package includes a drain pan jug for capturing the used motor oil and a shell for transmitting the drain pan jug and its contents to a reclamation facility. The shell may be reused until no longer serviceable, at which time it may be recycled. The drain pan jug, after use, may be shredded and utilized as fuel. Waste materials, such as a used oil filter, or medical waste in an alternative embodiment, are properly disposed of by a competent waste handler.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional application of Ser. No. 09/858,468 filed May 16, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,318,417 issued Nov. 20, 2001, which is a divisional application of Ser. No. 09/321,527 filed Feb. 2, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,234,220 issued May 22, 2001, and a continuation-in-part of commonly assigned, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/922,812 filed Sep. 3, 1997 now abandoned, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/582,950, entitled “POSTAL OIL BOX” and filed Jan. 4, 1996 now abandoned, which is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present invention relates generally to distribution and recovery of recyclable/reclaimable products and in particular to packaging of recyclable/reclaimable products for efficient distribution and recovery. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to efficiently recovering recyclable/reclaimable products by distribution of new or unspent product in packaging adapted for capture of used or spent product and subsequent conveyance by commercial package service to a recycling/reclamation center. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     A variety of consumable goods or products are amenable to recycling and/or reclamation through suitable processes. An example is motor oil of the type and grade typically utilized for passenger and light transport vehicles. The American Petroleum Institute reports that 1.4 billion gallons of used motor oil is generated in the United States each year. Of this amount, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that, annually, approximately 143 million gallons—the equivalent of 14 Exxon Valdez spills each year—ends up contaminating the environment. Other studies indicate that the amount of improperly managed used motor oil may be as high as 455 million gallons each year. 
     One oil change, or about one gallon of used motor oil, can contaminate one million gallons of drinking water. The contaminants found in used motor oil include: hydrocarbons at approximately the level found in virgin oils, polyalpha-hydrocarbons at increased levels due to contamination and chemical reactions during use of the motor oil, and—perhaps most harmful—heavy metals. 
     Waste oil handlers lacking the desire or expertise to properly manage used motor oil are significant contributors to this problem. However much of the used motor oil contaminating the environment comes from small quantity generators such as individuals performing their own automotive maintenance (often referred to as do-it-yourself oil changers or “DIYers”), pouring the used motor oil around a fence or tree or into the nearest storm drain. Industry studies indicate that 60% of the passenger cars and light duty trucks in the United States are serviced by individual owners. Farmers and small business owners with vehicle fleets of ten or less substantially increase the amount of used motor oil which is improperly managed. 
     Used motor oil can be recycled almost indefinitely since it never wears out, it only gets dirty. Use of re-refined motor oil in government vehicles is presently being mandated or encouraged at both the state and federal levels. In addition to being re-refined, reclaimed may be used as burner fuels and in other applications. 
     A principal obstacle to encouraging recycling of used motor oils, particularly with individuals maintaining their own vehicles, is convenience in capturing the used motor oil in a container suitable for transportation and/or transmitting the used motor oil to an appropriate recycling facility. Participation by individuals is hampered by the inconvenience of capturing the used oil, pouring the used oil into a container for transportation, and transporting the used oil to the recycling center. Not knowing what to do with the captured used oil (or other product) or not willing to take the necessary steps, many individuals allow the used oil to drain directly onto the ground or into a storm drain. 
     Even if the consumable goods cannot be recycled or reclaimed, often the goods require special handling for proper disposal, such as medical waste and the like. In such situations, again, a principle obstacle to obtaining proper disposal of the expended goods is transportation to an appropriate disposal facility. 
     It would be desirable, therefore, to provide a method and system for efficient distribution and recovery of recyclable/reclaimable consumable goods or goods requiring special disposal. It would further be advantageous for the method and system to be adaptable to distribution and recovery of goods which, when. expended, consititute hazardous waste. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     New or unused consumable product is distributed with a package capable of capturing the used or spent product for transmission to a recycling or disposal facility. The package is preaddressed for delivery to an appropriate reclamation center or disposal facility, with prepaid delivery charges for a commercial package service. At the reclamation center or disposal facility, the used or spent product is separated from the package for recycling and reusable portions of the package are again packaged with new or unused product, with any waste materials being properly handled. In the exemplary embodiment of motor oil, the package includes a drain pan jug for capturing the used motor oil and a shell for transmitting the drain pan jug and its contents to a reclamation facility. The shell may be reused until no longer serviceable, at which time it may be recycled. The drain pan jug, after use, may be shredded and utilized as fuel. Waste materials, such as a used oil filter, or medical waste in an alternative embodiment, are properly disposed of by a competent waste handler. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
     FIG. 1 depicts a diagram of a system for distribution and recovery of recyclable or reclaimable goods in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is an exploded, perspective view of a package suitable for motor oil distribution and recovery in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 3A-3C depict various views of the package for motor oil distribution and recovery in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and 
     FIG. 4 is an illustration of a container for distribution of new or unused product in accordance with a preferred embodiment of. the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     With reference now to the figures, and in particular with reference to FIG. 1, a diagram of a system for distribution and recovery of recyclable or reclaimable goods in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is depicted. The exemplary embodiment depicted is for distribution and recovery of motor oil. Distribution and recovery system  100  begins with new or unused (i.e., recycled or reclaimed) product  102  in a condition suitable for consumption or for employment in its intended purpose. New or unused product  102  is received either from a production facility  104 , such as a manufacturing plant or refinery, or from recycle facility,  106  in the form of recycled product. Production facility  104  and recycle facility  106  may be either the same or different enterprises. In the exemplary embodiment, production facility  104  may be a refinery. producing motor oil in accordance with the known art, while recycle facility  106  may be a used motor oil recycling and/or reclamation center employing processes for recovery of usable motor oil from spent motor oil known in the industry. 
     New or unused product  102  is then packaged in a packaging facility  108 . Again, packaging facility  108  may be separate from or a part of the same enterprise as production facility  104  and/or recycle facility  106 . Packaging facility  108  packages the product in distribution packaging, which is provide in whole or in part from packaging manufacturing facility  110  or at least in part by packaging/product reclamation facility  112  and/or packaging regeneration facility  114 . 
     One feature of the present invention is that the distribution packaging employed to distribute new or unused product  102  is also employed to capture and recover the used or spent product. The entirety or merely a portion of the distribution packaging may therefore be utilized to transmit used or spent product to a recycling or reclamation facility. Suitable distribution and recovery packaging for the exemplary embodiment of motor oil is described in further detail below. 
     The packaged product is next transmitted through conventional distribution channels  116  (e.g., wholesale, retail, etc.) to the user  118 . User  118  utilizes the new or unused product  102  and captures the used or spent product with at least a portion of the distribution packaging. User  118  then transmits the recovered product, together with and contained within the portion of the distribution packaging utilized to recover the spent product, to a reclamation facility  122  through recovery channels  120 . 
     A second aspect of the present invention is that the recovery channels  122  are preferably commercial package services, such as the United States Postal Service, Federal Express, United Parcel Service, and the like. The portion of the distribution package which is designed for recovery of used or spent product may be pre-addressed for delivery to reclamation facility  122 . Delivery charges for transmission of the recovered product to reclamation facility  122  may also be prepaid, as with prepaid postage and the like. In this manner, recovery of the used or spent product for recycling or reclamation is greatly facilitated. 
     Within product/packaging reclamation facility  1221  the used or spent product is separated from the recovery packaging and transmitted to recycling facility  106 . Reusable and/or recyclable packaging is returned to packaging facility  108 , either directly if the packaging is reusable without significant restoration or through regeneration facility  114  if the packaging requires significant recycling. In the exemplary embodiment, part of the recovery packaging may be directly reused while another part is subject to regeneration as described in further detail below. Additionally, those portions of the contaminated or spent packaging which can not be either recycled or reused may be processed for use as fuel at fuel generation facility  124  or properly handled at disposal facility  126  in accordance with all federal, state and local regulations to insure protection of human health and the environment. 
     Referring to FIG. 2, an exploded, perspective view of a package suitable for motor oil distribution and recovery in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. Package  200  may be employed in a distribution and recovery system of the type depicted in FIG.  1 . Illustrated in FIG. 2 are the packaging components which may be utilized for both distribution and recovery. 
     Package  200  includes upper and lower shells  202  and  204 , respectively, and a drain pan jug  206 . Upper and lower shells  202  and  204  are constructed of high density polyethelene (HDPE) preferably having wall thicknesses of approximately 0.12 inches. The composition and construction of upper and lower shells  202  and  204  are essentially the same as that of an ordinary plastic tackle box or tool case, and may be injection molded. 
     Drain pan jug  206  is also formed of HDPE, but has a lighter construction essentially the same as that of an ordinary plastic milk jug, and may thus be blow-molded, but of a type withstanding the properties of the spent material, such as the heat of drained used motor oil. Drain pan jug  206  fits within lower shell  204 , serves to capture used motor oil as it is drained from a vehicle, and holds captured used or spent motor oil during transmission to a reclamation facility. The details of the construction of package  200  are described further below. 
     With reference now to FIGS. 3A through 3C, various views of the package for motor oil distribution and recovery in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention are depicted. FIG. 3A depicts package  200  in an assembled state, with upper shell  202  affixed to lower shell  204  to form a liquid-impermeable enclosure therein. Upper and lower shells  202  and  204  both have battered or slanted sides as depicted, to facilitate nested stacking of empty shells as described below. Upper shell  202  includes a stacking ledge  302  in the upper surface  304  defining a recess  306  for receiving stacking rails  308  on the bottom surface of lower shell  204 . Thus package  200 , when assembled, may be reliably stacked upon a similar assembled package. 
     Package  200 , when assembled, is preferably approximately 10 inches high and 12 inches in length and width, dimensions which are compatible with existing shipping requirements and shelving requirements. See, for example, Publication  52  and  Domestic Mail Services  (DMM Issue 42, Mar. 15, 1992) sections  120 - 124  by the United States Postal Service, and the applicable sections of the United States Code and Code of Federal Regulations, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     Upper and lower shells  202  and  204  both include, along each major edge of the rims at which they are joined, a lip  310  oppositely oriented with respect to the rim of the respective upper or lower shell  202  or  204 . In the example shown, lip  310  is a protrusion from the rim of the respective upper or lower shell  202  or  204  having a T- or L-shaped cross-section. On at least one of the upper and lower shells  202  and  204 , lip  310  extends for only a portion of the edge length, providing a catch for sliding latch  312 . 
     Sliding latch  312 , situated on-one of the upper or lower shells  202  or  204 , may be slid between open and locked positions to additionally secure upper and lower shells  202  and  204  forming the enclosure within package  200 . Latch  312  has a generally C-shaped cross-section to engage a “guide” lip  310  on either shell  202  or  204  and an opening (not shown) along one edge so that latch  312 , when upper and lower shell  202  and  204  are fitted together, receives the “catch” lip  310  on the opposite shell  202  or  204  when in the open position and engages the “catch” lip  310  on the opposite shell  202  or  204  when in the locked position. 
     Lower shell  204 , on at least two opposite sides of package  200 , also includes recessed handles  314  beneath the rim at which upper and lower shells  202  and  204  are fitted together and behind lip  312  on lower shell  204 . Recessed handle  314  may be formed by an indented portion of the sidewall of lower shell  204  leading to a small (e.g., 0.75 inch by 3 inch) area oriented substantially perpendicularly to the sidewalls of lower shell  204 . 
     FIG. 3B depicts a cut-away view of the assembled package  200 , including drain pan jug  206  as well as upper and lower shells  202  and  204 . Drain pan jug  206  is of liquid-impermeable with the exception of opening  316  in the upper surface  320 . Opening  316  includes sidewalls  318  extending into the interior of drain pan jug  206 . The perimeter of the upper surface  320  of drain pan jug  206  is surrounding by a lip  322 , and the upper surface  320  is sloped in all directions from the perimeter to opening  316 . Drain pan jug  206  does not significantly protrude above the height of lower shell  204  when nested therein. The combined height of lower shell  204  and drain pan jug  206  when drain pan jug  206  is nested within lower shell  204  is preferably small enough to permit insertion under a typical vehicle (e.g., less than about 6-8 inches high). Drain pan jug  206  may therefore be employed to capture used motor oil as it is drained from a vehicle, with the sloped upper surface  320  directing captured motor oil to opening  316  and thence to the interior of drain pan jug  206 . Lower shell  204  includes interior support ribs  324  for supporting drain pan jug  206 . 
     An integral plug  326  protruding from an interior upper surface on upper shell  202  fits into and seals opening  316  on drain pan jug  206  when upper and lower shells  202  and  204  are fitted together with drain pan jug  206  contained therein. One or more O-rings  328  around plug  326  or the inner perimeter of opening  316  may provide the necessary sealing capability. Plug  326 , and opening  316  within the upper surface  320  of drain pan jug  206 , are preferably offset from the center of the respective surface (the interior upper surface of upper shell  202  or upper surface  320  of drain pan jug  206 ) to provide an obvious indication of the orientation in which upper shell  202 , lower shell  204 , and. drain pan jug  206  are proper fitted together. 
     FIG. 3C depicts a cross-sectional view of the toungue-and-groove latching mechanism providing retention of upper shell  202  to lower shell  204 . An outer surface of the rim of lower shell  204  slopes to a curved end of the rim. The rim of upper shell  202  is forked, with a catch on the interior of the outer fork situated to form a neck through which the ball-shaped end of the lower shell rim cannot pass. However, a device inserted between the upper and lower shell rims may force the fork branches on the upper shell rim apart sufficiently to allow the ball-shaped end of the lower shell rim to pass. This tongue-and-groove type mechanism provide both mechanical retention of the upper and lower shells  202  and  204  and sealing of the enclosure therein. Additional reinforcement of the mechanical retention is provided by the sliding latches described above. In an alternative embodiment, O-ring seals may be utilized in lieu of the tongue-and-groove construction. 
     Referring to FIG. 4, a container for distribution of new or unused product in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. Bag  400  is employed to distribute new or unused product. Bag  400  is of a material similar to intravenous (“IV”) solution bags employed by medical professionals. 
     Referring now to FIGS. 1-2,  3 A- 3 C and  4  together, package  200  may be employed to distribute new or unused motor oil and to recover used or spent motor oil with distribution and recovery system  100 . New or unused motor oil is placed in bag  400  and packaged together with package  200  for distribution to the consumer. The consumer  118  utilizes drain pan jug  206  to capture the used or spent motor oil, then places drain pan jug  206  with the captured motor oil in lower shell  204 . New or unused motor oil is then transferred to the vehicle from bag  400 , which is placed on top of drain pan jug  206  together with the used oil filter. Upper shell  202  is then fitted to lower shell  204  to plug the opening in drain pan jug  206  and to encapsulate drain pan jug  200 , bag  400  from which the new or unused motor oil was dispensed, the used oil filter, and any other oil contaminated materials, such as paper towels, for proper management. Upper shell  202  is prelabeled with the delivery address of an appropriate reclamation center and includes prepaid postage or other indicia of payment for the delivery services. Package  200  and its contents are then left by the consumer  118  in a suitable location for pickup by the commercial package service. 
     The commercial package service conveys package  200  and its contents to reclamation facility  122 . At reclamation facility  122 , upper and lower shell  202  and  204  are separated and the contents removed. The used oil filter and the empty bag  400  are properly handled. Drain pan jug  206  and its contents are placed in a commercial shredder, which shreds drain pan jug  206  and separates the used motor oil from the pieces of drain pan jud  206 . The used motor oil is transmitted to product recycling facility  106  for recycling. The shredded remains of drain pan jug  206  is transmitted for use as fuel, providing up to three times the energy of an equivalent mass of coal. 
     Upper and lower shell  202  and  204  are, if in suitable condition, returned to packaging facility  108  for reuse. If worn or otherwise unusable, however, upper and lower shell  202  and  204  are first recycled by existing methods for use as feedstock for injection molding processes, including manufacture of new upper and lower shells. 
     The present invention permits reusable product to be efficiently recovered by transmission of replacement product with a package suitable for capture of used product and transmission to an appropriate reclamation facility via common commerical package delivery services. This eliminates a principle obstacle to recovery of spent product which has resulted in improper handling: the effort required to transport the used product to an appropriate recycling or disposal facility. The principle of the invention may be extended to hazardous waste, such as medical waste. 
     The description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and. description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limit the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.