Abstract:
A single stage low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating circuit with a system thereof is a simplification of a two-stage type circuit. The two-stage circuit, which has a storage unit, a charging converter circuit for charging the storage unit, and a discharging converter circuit for discharging the stored power to a load, is analyzed and categorized such that a circuit structure is selected via a suitable simplified combination to commonly use the elements constituting the charging and the discharging converter circuits so as to form the single stage circuit with less elements, volume and weight for reducing the production cost of the circuit.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention is related to a stand-alone solar energy power generating system, and particularly to a single stage low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating circuit and a system thereof. 
     2. Brief Description of the Related Art 
     The typical application of the stand-alone solar energy power generating system is to supply the power for the lighting system. Usually, the energy storage unit, i.e., the battery, stores the solar energy power generated by the power generating unit at the daytime, and the stored solar energy power is supplied to the load unit such as the illumination equipment. Therefore, the typical solar energy power generating system generally includes two-stage converter circuits, a charging converter and a discharging converter. 
       FIGS. 1 and 2  show the two-stage low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system in which the Buck converter  11  and the synchronous rectifying Buck converter  21  act as the charging converter circuit, and the Boost converter  12  and the synchronous rectifying Boost converter  22  act as the discharging converter circuit. It can be seen in  FIGS. 1 and 2  that the conventional two-stage circuit structure needs many switches and passive elements such that it is incapable of reducing the volume, weight and size thereof. Furthermore, the complication of driving circuit for the respective switch thereof significantly affect the stability of the circuit and it increases the production cost of the circuit. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a single stage low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating circuit and system which is a simplification of the circuit structure of the conventional two-stage type stand-alone solar energy power generating system. The two-stage circuit is simplified as the single stage circuit with less elements, volume and weight for reducing the production cost of the circuit. 
     In order to achieve the preceding object, a single stage low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating circuit and system according to the present invention is capable of storing the power generated by the solar energy power generating unit and supplying the stored power to a load unit, and comprises a storage unit, a charging converter circuit for storing the power generated from the solar energy power generating unit in said storage unit, and a discharging converter circuit for supplying the power stored in the storage unit to the load unit; wherein, a plurality of elements are provided by the charging converter circuit and the discharging converter circuit, and part of said elements are commonly used elements. 
     In the preferred embodiment of a single stage low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating circuit according to the present invention, the charging converter and the discharging converter thereof are constituted by the commonly used elements of the synchronous rectifying Buck-Boost converter. 
     In the preferred embodiment of a single stage low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating circuit according to the present invention, the charging converter and the discharging converter are constituted by the commonly used elements of the synchronous rectifying Zeta converter and the synchronous rectifying Sepic converter. 
     In the preferred embodiment of a single stage low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating circuit according to the present invention, the charging converter and the discharging converter are constituted by the commonly used elements of the synchronous rectifying Buck converter and the synchronous rectifying Boost converter. 
     In the preferred embodiment of a single stage low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating circuit according to the present invention, the energy storage unit thereof is a battery. 
     In the preferred embodiment of a single stage low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system according to the present invention, the load unit thereof includes a load and a switch serially connecting with the load. 
     As the foregoing, a single stage low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating circuit and system according to the present invention is a simplification of the circuit structure of the conventional two-stage type stand-alone solar energy power generating system. The two-stage circuit is simplified as the single stage circuit with less elements, volume and weight for reducing the production cost of the circuit. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The detail structure, the applied principle, the function and the effectiveness of the present invention can be more fully understood with reference to the following description and accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a circuit diagram illustrating the conventional two-stage low boost-buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system; 
         FIG. 2  is a circuit diagram illustrating another two-stage low boost-buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system; 
         FIG. 3  is a circuit-block diagram illustrating the two-stage low boost-buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system; 
         FIG. 4A  is a circuit diagram illustrating the conventional Buck converter; 
         FIG. 4B  is a circuit diagram illustrating the conventional Boost converter; 
         FIG. 4C  is a circuit diagram illustrating the conventional Buck-boost converter; 
         FIG. 4D  is a circuit diagram illustrating the conventional Cuk converter; 
         FIG. 4E  is a circuit diagram illustrating the conventional Zeta converter; 
         FIG. 4F  is a circuit diagram illustrating the conventional Sepic converter; 
         FIG. 5A  is a circuit diagram illustrating a voltage type input unit of the basic converter; 
         FIG. 5B  is a circuit diagram illustrating a current type input unit of the basic converter; 
         FIG. 6A  is a circuit diagram illustrating a current type buffer element of the basic converter; 
         FIG. 6B  is a circuit diagram illustrating a voltage type buffer element of the basic converter; 
         FIG. 7A  is a circuit diagram illustrating a voltage type output unit of the basic converter; 
         FIG. 7B  is a circuit diagram illustrating a current type output unit of the basic converter; 
         FIG. 8A  is a circuit diagram equivalent to the Buck converter shown in  FIG. 4A ; 
         FIG. 8B  is a circuit diagram equivalent to the Boost converter shown in  FIG. 4B ; 
         FIG. 8C  is a circuit diagram equivalent to the Buck-boost converter shown in  FIG. 4C ; 
         FIG. 8D  is a circuit diagram equivalent to the Cuk converter shown in  FIG. 4D ; 
         FIG. 8E  is a circuit diagram equivalent to the Zeta converter shown in  FIG. 4E ; 
         FIG. 8F  is a circuit diagram equivalent to the Sepic converter shown in  FIG. 4F ; 
         FIG. 9  is a circuit diagram illustrating the front stage charging converter being the Buck converter and the back stage discharging converter being the Boost converter; 
         FIG. 10  is a circuit diagram illustrating the front stage charging converter being the Boost converter and the back stage discharging converter being the Zeta converter; 
         FIG. 11A  is a circuit diagram illustrating the Buck-boost converter being the charging converter and the discharging converter of the two-stage low boost-buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system respectively; 
         FIG. 11B  is a circuit diagram illustrating the Buck-boost converter in the two-stage low boost-buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system shown in  FIG. 11A  being changed to a synchronous rectifying circuit instead; 
         FIG. 11C  is a circuit diagram illustrating a single stage low boost-buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system simplified from the circuit shown in  FIG. 11B ; 
         FIG. 12A  is a circuit diagram illustrating the Zeta converter being the charging converter and the Sepic converter being the discharging converter of the two-stage low boost-buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system respectively; 
         FIG. 12B  is a circuit diagram illustrating the Zeta and Sepic converters in the two-stage low boost-buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system shown in  FIG. 12A  being changed to the synchronous rectifying circuit instead; 
         FIG. 12C  is a circuit diagram illustrating a single stage low boost-buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system simplified from the circuit shown in  FIG. 12B ; 
         FIG. 13A  is a circuit diagram illustrating the Sepic converter being the charging converter and the Zeta converter being the discharging converter of the two-stage low boost-buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system respectively; 
         FIG. 13B  is a circuit diagram illustrating the Zeta and Sepic converters in the two-stage low boost-buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system shown in  FIG. 13A  being changed to the synchronous rectifying circuit instead; and 
         FIG. 13C  is a circuit diagram illustrating a single stage low boost-buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system simplified from the circuit shown in  FIG. 13B ; 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , the conventional two-stage stand-alone solar energy power generating system normally receives the power produced by the solar energy power generating unit such as the solar energy photovoltaic cell  31  at the daytime, and the produced power is stored in an energy storage unit such as the battery  33  by means of the charging converter circuit  32  such that the stored power can be supplied to a load unit  35  by means of the discharging converter circuit  34 . 
     Wherein, selection for the charging converter circuit  32  and the discharging converter circuit  34  is according to relations of the increases and decreases of the voltages such as the output voltage V PV  of the solar energy photo voltaic cell  31 , the voltage V B  of the battery  33  and the demand voltage V O  of the load unit  35 . Generally, it can be selected from the six basic non-isolation converters, the Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, Cuk, Zeta, and Sepic converters as shown in  FIGS. 4A to 4F  to perform the function of increasing or decreasing the voltage. According to different voltage conditions of the output voltage V PV  of the solar energy photo voltaic cell  31 , the voltage V B  of the battery  33  and the demand voltage V O  of the load unit  35 , the available selected circuit structure combinations are listed in the following table 1: 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 selectable circuit structure combinations 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Voltage 
                   
                 Discharging converter 
               
               
                 conditions 
                 Charging converter circuit 
                 circuit 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 V PV  &gt; V B   
                 Buck, Buck-boost, Cuk, 
                 Buck, Buck-boost, Cuk, 
               
               
                 V B  &gt; V o   
                 Zeta, Sepic 
                 Zeta, Sepic 
               
               
                 V PV  &gt; V B   
                 Buck, Buck-boost, Cuk, 
                 Boost, Buck-boost, Cuk, 
               
               
                 V B  &lt; V o   
                 Zeta, Sepic 
                 Zeta, Sepic 
               
               
                 V PV  &lt; V B   
                 Boost, Buck-boost, Cuk, 
                 Buck, Buck-boost, Cuk, 
               
               
                 V B  &gt; V o   
                 Zeta, Sepic 
                 Zeta, Sepic 
               
               
                 V PV  &lt; V B   
                 Boost, Buck-boost, Cuk, 
                 Boost, Buck-boost, Cuk, 
               
               
                 V B  &lt; V o   
                 Zeta, Sepic 
                 Zeta, Sepic 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The six basic non-isolation converters, the Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, Cuk, Zeta, and Sepic converters, shown in  FIGS. 4A to 4F  can be further divided into input units  41 A,  41 B,  41 C,  41 D,  41 E,  41 F, energy buffer units  42 C,  42 D,  42 E,  42 F, and output units  43 A,  43 B,  43 C,  43 D,  43 E,  43 F. When the respective input unit  41 A,  41 B,  41 C,  41 D,  41 E,  41 F is a switch serially connecting with the voltage source, it is categorized as the voltage type input unit as shown in  FIGS. 5A ; when it is a switch parallelly connecting with the current source, it is categorized as the current type input unit as shown in  FIG. 5B . 
     The inductor or capacitor acts as the energy buffer unit  42 C,  42 D  42 E,  42 F employed in the converter. The inductor is capable of obstructing the direct current and the capacitance is capable of obstructing the direct voltage such that the inductor can be categorized as the current type buffer element as shown in  FIG. 6A , and the capacitor can be categorized as the voltage type buffer element as shown in  FIG. 6B . Besides, when the output unit  43 A,  43 B,  43 C,  43 D,  43 E,  43 F is constituted with the capacitor parallelly connecting with the load resistor, the circuit can be categorized as the voltage type output unit as shown in  FIG. 7A ; when it is constituted with the capacitor parallelly connecting with the load resistor and then serially connecting with the inductor, the circuit can be categorized as the current type output unit as shown in  FIG. 7B . 
     If the six basic non-isolation converters, the Buck, Boost. Buck-Boost, Cuk, Zeta, and Sepic converters, shown in  FIGS. 4A to 4F , are simplified according to the preceding categorized conditions of the voltage type and current type and  FIGS. 5A ,  5 B,  6 A,  6 B,  7 A and  7 B, the equivalent circuits as shown in  FIGS. 8A and 8F  can be obtained. 
     For instance, the input unit  41 A of the Buck converter shown in  FIG. 4A  is a power source V S  serially connecting with a switch M 1 , and it can be categorized as the voltage type input unit. Further, there is no energy buffer unit in the Buck converter and the output unit  43 A is a capacitor C 0  parallelly connecting with the load resistor R 0  and then serially connecting with an inductor L 0  and it can be categorized as the current type output unit such that the Buck converter shown in  FIG. 8A  can be categorized as a converter with the voltage type input and the current type output. 
     There is no energy buffer unit in the circuit of the Boost converter shown in  FIG. 4B , and only the input unit  41 B and the output unit  43 B are provided. The input unit  41 B is a power source V S  serially connecting with an inductor L S  and then parallelly connecting with a switch M 1 , that is, it can be regarded as the current source parallelly connecting with the switch M 1  such that it can be categorized as the current type input unit. The output unit  43 B is a capacitor C 0  parallelly connecting with the load resistor R 0  such that it can be categorized as the voltage type output unit  43 B. Hence, the Boost converter shown in  FIG. 8B  can be categorized as the converter with the current type input and the voltage type output. 
     Similarly, The Buck-boost converter shown in  FIG. 4C  is categorized as the converter with the voltage type input and the voltage type output as shown in  FIG. 8C ; the Cuk converter shown in  FIG. 4D  is categorized as the converter with the current type input and the current type output as shown in  FIG. 8D ; the Zeta converter as shown in  FIG. 4E  is categorized as the converter with the voltage type input and the current type output; the Sepic converter as shown in  FIG. 4F  is categorized as the converter with the current type input and the voltage type output. 
     According to the preceding categorized results, anyone of the selectable circuit structure combinations in table 1 with corresponding input type and output type can be simplified as the single stage circuit. The principle for simplification is that the selected converter is instead of the synchronous rectifying circuit first, that is, the diode of the passive element in the converter circuit is changed to a switch, which operates in a complimentary mode with the main switch in the converter. Besides, because the charging converter circuit and the discharging converter circuit of the stand-alone solar energy power generation system are operated under the complimentary mode, the simplified single stage circuit has to be added with a low speed or high speed switch serially connected to the load. 
     Next, according to the categorization and the corresponding relation for the input and output of the selected converter, the two-stage circuit can be simplified as the single stage circuit. For the example as shown in  FIG. 9 , when the selected front stage charging converter circuit is the Buck converter shown in  FIG. 4A , and the selected back stage discharging converter is the Boost converter as shown in  FIG. 4B , the current type element and the switch of the front and back stages can be commonly used due to the output unit  43 A of the Buck converter being the current type, and the input unit  41 B of the Boost converter also being the current type such that it is capable of achieving the purpose of simplifying the circuit. 
     Further, referring to  FIG. 10 , when the selected front stage charging converter circuit is the Boost converter shown in  FIG. 4B , and the selected back stage discharging converter is the Zeta converter as shown in  FIG. 4E , the voltage type element and the switch of the front and back stages can be commonly used due to the output unit  43 B of the Boost converter being the voltage type, and the input unit  41 E of the Zeta converter also being the voltage type such that it is capable of achieving the purpose of simplifying the circuit. 
     According to the preceding simplification principle, the selectable circuit structure combinations in table 1 can be rearranged in the following table 2 to table 5 based the corresponding relation of the input and the output. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 TABLE 2: is the simplification combinations of circuit structure 
               
               
                 for V PV  &gt; V B  and V B  &gt; V O   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Discharger 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Charger 
                 Buck 
                 Buck-boost 
                 Zeta 
                 Cuk 
                 Sepic 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Buck 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
                 ◯ 
                 ◯ 
               
               
                 Buck-boost 
                 ◯ 
                 ⊚ 
                 ◯ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
               
               
                 Zeta 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
                 ◯ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 Cuk 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
                 ◯ 
                 ◯ 
               
               
                 Sepic 
                 ◯ 
                 ◯ 
                 ⊚ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 TABLE 3: The simplification combinations of circuit structure 
               
               
                 for V PV  &gt; V B  and V B  &lt; V O   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Discharger 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Charger 
                 Boost 
                 Buck-boost 
                 Zeta 
                 Cuk 
                 Sepic 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Buck 
                 ⊚ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
                 ◯ 
                 ◯ 
               
               
                 Buck-boost 
                 ◯ 
                 ⊚ 
                 ◯ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
               
               
                 Zeta 
                 ◯ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
                 ◯ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 Cuk 
                 ◯ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
                 ◯ 
                 ◯ 
               
               
                 Sepic 
                 Δ 
                 ◯ 
                 ⊚ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 TABLE 4: The simplification combinations of circuit structure 
               
               
                 for V PV  &lt; V B  and V B  &gt; V O   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Discharger 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Charger 
                 Buck 
                 Buck-boost 
                 Zeta 
                 Cuk 
                 Sepic 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Boost 
                 ⊚ 
                 ◯ 
                 ◯ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
               
               
                 Buck-boost 
                 ◯ 
                 ⊚ 
                 ⊚ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
               
               
                 Zeta 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
                 ◯ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 Cuk 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
                 ◯ 
                 ◯ 
               
               
                 Sepic 
                 ◯ 
                 ◯ 
                 ⊚ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 TABLE 5: The simplification combinations of circuit structure 
               
               
                 for V PV  &lt; V B  and V B  &lt; V O   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Discharger 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Charger 
                 Boost 
                 Buck-boost 
                 Zeta 
                 Cuk 
                 Sepic 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Boost 
                 Δ 
                 ◯ 
                 ◯ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
               
               
                 Buck-boost 
                 Δ 
                 ⊚ 
                 ◯ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
               
               
                 Zeta 
                 ◯ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
                 ◯ 
                 ⊚ 
               
               
                 Cuk 
                 ◯ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
                 ◯ 
                 ◯ 
               
               
                 Sepic 
                 Δ 
                 ◯ 
                 ⊚ 
                 Δ 
                 Δ 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     In tables 2 to 5, the symbols Δ, ◯ and ⊚ stand for the circuit structure combinations of being unsuitable to be simplified, suitable to be simplified and best suitable to be simplified, respectively, according to the corresponding relation of the input and the output of the equivalent circuits shown in  FIGS. 8A to 8F . 
     For instance, the relation of the input to the output for the front and the back stage circuits of the combination for the Buck and Buck circuits in Table 2 is the current type to the voltage type such that it is the circuit structure combination unsuitable to be simplified due to that the input of the front stage is not corresponding to the output of the back stage and the output of the front stage is not corresponding to the input of the back stage either. The relation of the input to the output for the front and the back stage circuits of the combination for the Buck-Boost and the Buck circuits in Table 2 is the voltage type to the voltage type and the voltage type to the current type respectively such that it is the circuit structure combination suitable to be simplified due to that the circuit elements of the voltage type circuit connecting with each other can be commonly shared. Besides, there are still some portions which can not be simplified due to that the input of the Buck-Boost circuit is the voltage type and the output of the Buck circuit is the current type, so it is not a completely simplified circuit structure combination. The relation of the input to the output for the front and the back stage circuits of the combination for the Buck-Boost and the Buck-Boost circuits in Table 2 is the voltage type to the voltage type such that the two circuits can be simplified to the simplest combination of circuit structure. The combination of the Buck-Boost and Buck-Boost circuits and the combination of the Zeta and Sepic circuits are taken as examples to explain the consequence of the circuit structure of the two-stage stand-alone solar energy power generating system after being simplified in the following paragraphs. 
     Please Referring to  FIGS. 11A to 11C , the Buck-Boost converter is selected as the charging converter circuit and the discharging converter circuit respectively for the two-stage type low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system. According to the preceding simplification principle, firstly, the Buck-boost converters shown in  FIG. 11A  are changed to the synchronous rectified Buck-Boost converters instead, that is, the diodes  1113 ,  1116  of the passive elements in the circuit are changed to switches  1123 ,  1126 , and then the positions of the switches  1114 ,  1126  are adjusted slightly as shown in  FIG. 11B . 
     It can be seen in  FIG. 11B  that the elements of the adjusted charging converter circuit and discharging converter circuit, which are disposed at the left and right, have been in a state of symmetry to each other such that the charging converter circuit and the discharging converter circuit are folded in halves with respect to the battery  1119  to allow the switches  1114 ,  1126 , and the inductor  1115  to overlap with the switches  1123 ,  1111 , and the inductor  1112  for being commonly used respectively. In addition, in order to be operated normally with the charging mode or the discharging mode for the simplified single stage low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system, the connecting node between the load resistor  1118  and the capacitor  1117  is inserted with a low speed or high speed switch  1131  to control the operation mode. In this way, the simplified single stage low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system is completed as shown in  FIG. 11C . 
     Please Referring to  FIGS. 12A to 12C , the Zeta converter is selected as the charging converter circuit, and the Sepic converter is selected as the discharging converter circuit for the two-stage type low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system. Firstly, the Zeta and the Sepic converters shown in  FIG. 12A  are changed to the synchronous rectified Zeta and Sepic converters instead, that is, the diodes  1214 ,  1221  of the passive elements in the circuit are changed to switches  1234 ,  1231  as shown in  FIG. 12B . 
     It can be seen in  FIG. 12B  that the elements of the changed charging converter circuit and discharging converter circuit, which are disposed at the right and left respectively, have been in a state of symmetry to each other such that the charging converter circuit and the discharging converter circuit are folded in halves with respect to the battery  1225  to allow the switches  1211 ,  1234 , the inductors  1212 ,  1215 , and the capacitor  1213  to overlap with the switches  1231 ,  1217 , the inductors  1219 ,  1216 , and the capacitor  1218  for being commonly used respectively. Further, the connecting node between the simplified load resistor  1223  and capacitor  1222  is inserted with a low speed or high speed switch  1239  to control the operation for the charging mode and discharging mode. In this way, the simplified single stage low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system is completed as shown in  FIG. 12C . 
     Please Referring to  FIGS. 13A to 13C , the Sepic converter is selected as the charging converter circuit, and the Zeta converter is selected as the discharging converter circuit for the two-stage type low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system. Firstly, the Zeta and the Sepic converters shown in  FIG. 13A  are changed to the synchronous rectified Zeta and Sepic converters instead, that is the diodes  1314 ,  1321  of the passive elements in the circuit are changed to switches  1334 ,  1331  as shown in  FIG. 13B . 
     It can be seen in  FIG. 13B  that the elements of the changed charging converter circuit and discharging converter circuit, which are disposed at the right and left respectively, have been in a state of symmetry to each other such that the charging converter circuit and the discharging converter circuit are folded in halves with respect to the battery  1225  to allow the switches  1311 ,  1334 , the inductors  1312 ,  1315 , and the capacitor  1313  to overlap with the switches  1331 ,  1317 , the inductors  1319 ,  1316 , and the capacitor  1318  for being commonly used respectively. Further, the connecting node between the simplified load resistor  1323  and capacitor  1322  is inserted with a low speed or high speed switch  1339  to control the operations of the charging mode and discharging mode. In this way, the simplified single stage low boost/buck ratio stand-alone solar energy power generating system is completed as shown in  FIG. 13C . 
     While the invention has been described with referencing to a preferred embodiment thereof, it is to be understood that modifications or variations may be easily made without departing from the spirit of this invention, which is defined by the appended claims.