Abstract:
A method and apparatus for integrating a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) client in a wireless PC card are disclosed. A soft mobile phone client is combined with a cellular PC card to create a single physical device that is capable of providing VoIP services to a computer user through the cellular capabilities of the device itself, or alternatively, through any other Internet connectivity available to the computer. When a user inserts the VoIP client/Cellular PC Card into a computer, a graphical user interface (GUI) within the connection manager software is launched allowing the user to communicate VoIP function commands to the VoIP client. A check for Internet connectivity may be performed, at which time the Radio portion of the enhanced PC card may be put into an idle state if connectivity is detected, or may alternatively establish Internet connectivity through the cellular portion of the enhanced PC card.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No. 60/911,631, filed Apr. 13, 2007 which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth. 
    
    
     FIELD OF INVENTION 
     This application is related to wireless communications. More particularly, this application is related to a method and apparatus for providing a voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) in a wireless PC card. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Due to high cellular charges, and in particular roaming and international roaming expenses, users typically use low cost or free voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services, such as the commercially available service Skype™, when an alternate Internet connection option is available instead of cellular service which may be more expensive. This behavior is generally typical amongst business travelers in hotel rooms with a laptop PC at their disposal. In this scenario, an Internet service may be provided via a wired or wireless (e.g. WiFi®) connection in a typical manner. This behavior is, of course, not in the best interest of the cellular provider who effectively loses voice traffic revenues to the free VoIP services. 
     To counter this threat, technology is currently being introduced that enables the cellular provider to offer the user a VoIP type service such that traffic related to this service is handled by the cellular provider as opposed to a third party network. This technology may take the form of a soft mobile phone client provided by the cellular operator. In a typical embodiment, this soft mobile phone client may reside in a universal serial bus (USB) stick/flash memory form factor along with a subscriber identity module (SIM) card. 
     Typically, the user will insert the USB/SIM device into their laptop computer, thus launching a soft mobile phone client on the laptop or PC. Subsequently, the soft mobile phone client will search for Internet connectivity on the laptop or PC (e.g. via WiFi®, WiMAX, Bluetooth®, or other connection) and enable the voice service via this connection. The value proposition for this type of approach may include the promise (from the operator) of better QoS and access to the same familiar package of services normally enjoyed via cellular service. A well known technology which enables this type of offering is Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) technology, or as it is more commonly known, Generic Access Network (GAN) as specified in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). 
     The problem with this approach is that quite often a user, particularly a business user, will also have high speed cellular PC card (e.g. ExpressCard based) in their laptop which is also equipped with a SIM card and may contain other duplicated functions such as the Non-Access Stratum (NAS) that may be found in soft mobile phone clients. 
     It is quite common for carriers to market numerous phone brands and cellular PC cards in various form factors. One popular form factor (in particular for business users) is the PC card (PCMCIA or ExpressCard) form factor. However, UMA/GAN is typically viewed as a mid end feature-phone feature and not one applicable to PC cards, thereby making the cellular PC card incapable of VoIP communications. 
     It is a goal of cellular carriers to maximize Average Revenue Per User (ARPU), build customer loyalty and minimize churn. This is principally what a service like UMA/GAN provides. It enables the user to access, typically via WiFi®, networks at their convenience and benefit, but at the same time, continue to use the application services of the carrier. The hidden benefits to the carrier in this arrangement, in addition to possible fiscal benefits from the basic UMA/GAN service subscription, include: reduced customer churn through avoidance of the lure of alternative VoIP services such as Skype™, and continued access to the carrier&#39;s pool of services normally only available via the cellular service, for which the customer may be paying a premium while they are accessing the Internet via WiFi®. 
       FIG. 1  is a functional block diagram of a conventional soft mobile phone client in a USB stick form factor  100 . This entity includes a soft mobile client  101 , a SIM card  103 , an external USB interface  105 , and an internal interface  107  between the soft mobile phone client  101  and the SIM card  103 . In the preferred embodiment, the soft mobile phone client  101  includes VoIP  109 , NAS  111  and UMA/GAN client  113  components. It should be noted that this soft mobile phone client in a USB stick form factor  100  includes no radio functionality. It relies on there being Internet connectivity available at the PC or Laptop into which the soft mobile phone client in a USB stick form factor  100  is inserted. 
       FIG. 2  is a functional block diagram of a conventional wireless cellular PC card  200  based on Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) technologies.  FIG. 2  shows the basic functional architecture of a typical cellular PC card  200 . Minimally, this entity in a preferred embodiment includes NAS  111 , Access Stratum (AS)  203  and radio frequency (RF) (e.g. WCDMA)  205  components, as well as possibly a host of other peripheral functions  207 . The cellular PC card may also include SIM card  103  functionality although it is possible that the SIM card  103  (for example in the case of the mini-card form factor) is remote, and may be located in the laptop in a location such as under the battery. The cellular PC card  200  may be connected to the PC through one of a variety of interfaces  211 . In this preferred embodiment an ExpressCard interface is shown. 
     Issues arise when desired functionality, such as wireless services and UMA/GAN, are contained in multiple physical devices. First, there is the unattractive overhead of dealing with multiple peripheral devices when one would be preferable. Therefore, it would be beneficial to combine these functions into a single physical entity. 
     SUMMARY 
     A method and apparatus for integrating a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) client in a wireless PC card are disclosed. A soft mobile phone client is combined with a cellular PC card to create a single physical device that is capable of providing VoIP services to a computer user either through the cellular capabilities of the device itself, or alternatively, for example, when the cellular service is unavailable or may be in a roaming state, the VoIP client is functional through any other Internet connectivity available to the computer. When a user inserts the VoIP client/Cellular PC Card into a computer, a graphical user interface (GUI) contained within the connection manager software is launched that allows the user to communicate VoIP function commands to the VoIP client. A check for Internet connectivity may be performed, at which time the Radio portion of the enhanced PC card may be put into an idle or sleep state if connectivity is detected, or may alternatively establish Internet connectivity through the cellular portion of the enhanced PC card. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A more detailed understanding may be had from the following description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a functional block diagram of a VoIP client in a conventional USB stick form factor; 
         FIG. 2  is a functional block diagram of a conventional wireless PC card; 
         FIG. 3  is a functional block diagram of a wireless PC card with a soft VoIP client integrated into the card; 
         FIG. 4  is a functional block diagram of the wireless PC card of  FIG. 3 , and the PC platform with which it interfaces; and 
         FIG. 5  is a method of using a soft VoIP client along with a cellular wireless PC card. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     When referred to hereafter, the terminology “wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)” includes but is not limited to a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a computer, or any other type of user device capable of operating in a wireless environment. When referred to hereafter, the terminology “base station” includes but is not limited to a Node-B, a site controller, an access point (AP), or any other type of interfacing device capable of operating in a wireless environment. 
     The term computer or PC may be any device capable of supporting a voice call. Such devices include, but are not limited to, laptop computers, PDA&#39;s, cellular telephones, Mobile Internet Devices (MIDs), Ultra Mobile PCs (UMPC), automobiles and any other device that may interface with a PC card. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , a functional block diagram of an enhanced cellular PC card  300  is shown. Here, the soft mobile phone client  101  functionality is included with wireless connectivity  309 . The soft mobile phone client  101  no longer requires a Non-Access Stratum (NAS)  111  because this functionality is already included in the wireless connectivity  309 . Instead, a software interface  313  is introduced to allow the soft mobile phone client  101  to access NAS  111  functionality in the wireless connectivity  309  as shown. The soft mobile phone client  101  now comprises a reduced set of functions that will, at a minimum, include Unlicensed Mobile Access/Generic Access Network (UMA/GAN)  113  and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) client functions  305 . Additionally, the soft mobile phone client  101  may use the SIM card  103  included with the wireless connectivity  309 . For this purpose a software interface  311  may be provided. 
     Alternatively, if the SIM card  103  is remotely located, for example in a computer, then an external interface  301 , for example, a Low Pin Count (LPC) bus, direct connection with the SIM or PCI bus, may be provided. Additionally, a SIM may not be a physical device such as a card, but rather SIM functionality implemented in machine readable instructions that is executed on a trusted processor in the PC card  300  or the computer. While an external or software SIM  103  is not shown for the sake of simplicity, such configurations and the communications between the enhanced cellular PC card  300  and the SIM card  103  via the computer bus or other internal or external PC Card interfaces falls within the intended scope of this specification. 
     A policy  315  may interface with both the soft mobile phone client  101  as well as the wireless connectivity  309  through software  319 ,  317 , respectively. The policy  315  may be included in the enhanced cellular PC card  300  provided via the SIM card  103 , provided by the operator or in any other configuration that enables the policy to be utilized by the wireless connectivity  309  and the soft mobile phone client  101 . The policy may be initially configured or modified by the operator using, for example, a Firmware Over the Air (FOTA) process. The purpose of this policy  315  is to define a set of rules and provide coordination between the two points of connectivity  101 ,  309 . For example, the policy  315  may dictate that when the soft mobile phone client  101  sees WiFi® Internet connectivity, voice and data calls should be established through this path and the wireless connectivity  309  component should be put into an idle or sleep state. 
     In another embodiment, the policy configuration may be to let the network set the default configuration, but include options for the user to set preferences including, but not limited to, UMA/GAN off, default to cellular even when alternative IP connectivity is available (or vice versa), alert the user of the network being used, remember settings for each network, (for example, when a traveler returns to a hotel with poor WiFi reception, not to try connecting again or alert the user to the previous settings), recognize other VoIP services on the computer, for example, through Vonage™ or Skype™ and, when detected, alert or allow the user to change the preferred connection to the cellular operator. The connection manager  413  may be used to provide user defined aspects of the policy configuration. 
     In one embodiment, the wireless connectivity  309  and soft mobile phone client  101  combination in the PC card  300  do not include any other connectivity mechanism other than the RF module  205 . In this embodiment, alternate IP connectivity, for example, via a hard-wired Internet connection, WiFi®, WIMAX, Bluetooth®, and the like, require such capabilities to be provided via the computer. For example, this functionality may be embedded in the computer or it may be available via another peripheral device inserted into the computer. 
     In general, a PC card may be a multi-mode device that includes other wired or wireless IP connectivity (i.e. WIMAX or WiFi® may be implemented on the same PC card as the soft mobile phone client and wireless connectivity utilizing the RF  205 , AS  203 , and NAS  111 ). In such a case, the PC card will have internal hardware or software interfaces to the other IP connectivity as well as, if required, hardware and software interfaces to the PC platform. Thus the IP connectivity may be through the computer or the PC card. Similarly, part or all of the connection manager  413  software may reside on the PC card and other subsystems (e.g. audio) may also reside on the PC card. For simplicity, the description treats a PC card that does not include other wired or wireless IP connectivity, any part of the connection manager, or other subsystems, but such configurations fall within the scope of this specification. 
       FIG. 4  shows a functional block diagram utilizing this arrangement in a phone system  400 , where the enhanced cellular PC card  300 , in concert with a Personal Computer  409  into which it is inserted, may offer a complete voice service to the end user. Typical PC operating systems  411 , such as Windows®, provide well defined Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)  403  that enable access to Internet connectivity, audio subsystems, WiFi®, WiMAX as well as other subsystems within the computer. These subsystems may be accessed directly via the Soft Mobile Phone Client  101  in the enhanced cellular PC card  300  or via a connection manager  413  or driver function through connections  415 . Similarly communications  417  may be enabled between wireless connectivity  309 , policy  315  and the soft mobile phone client  101  in the enhanced PC Card  300  and the APIs  403 , and the operating system  411  in the computer  409 . The enhanced cellular PC card  300  provides the VOIP client  305 , which may optionally include a phone graphical user interface (GUI) implemented in a software module  401   a , and UMA/GAN  113  functionality. The PC  409  provides key I/O functions  407  required to complete a phone system  400 . Optionally, the connection manager  413  may include a GUI implemented in software  401   b  that is capable of generating a GUI interface on the PC  409  display. 
     From an end user perspective, the system  400  would operate as follows: upon connection of the enhanced cellular PC card, the GUI functionality would automatically be launched. Typically, if the GUI  401   a  is in the enhanced cellular PC card  300 , this would be the case. By way of example, the GUI  401   a  may be a graphical representation of a cellular phone. This may automatically appear on the PC  409  display or may be discretely concealed in an icon on a toolbar that must be clicked to launch. Alternatively, if the GUI  401   b  is part of the connection manager  413 , for example, as an application running on the OS  411  in the PC  409  then a manual action by the end user may be required to launch the GUI  401   b . With the GUI  401   b  launched and Internet connectivity available (wired or wireless) via the PC  409 , the end user may proceed to make phone calls utilizing the method described below. While aforementioned GUI is provided by way of example, one skilled in the art will recognize that other means for initiating or terminating a call may be used, such as text entry, software configured to automatically dial, or a handset or other peripheral that allows dialing or initiation and/or termination of a phone call. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , a method of making a VoIP phone call utilizing an enhanced cellular PC card  500  is described. The enhanced cellular PC card is first connected to the computer through a compatible interface (block  501 ). The compatible interface may be USB, Express Card, Mini Card, or any interface capable of supporting data communications between the enhanced cellular PC card and the computer. When the enhanced cellular PC card is connected to the computer, the GUI interface is launched in block  503 . The graphical user interface enables the user to operate the computer as if it were a phone. The graphical user interface may be a representation on the computer display of a cellular phone, or simply a dial pad, voice dialer or other type of display for placing or receiving a call. The graphical user interface may reside on the enhanced cellular PC card, in which case the act of connecting the card to the computer may automatically launch the GUI. Alternatively, the GUI may reside within the connection manager software of the computer&#39;s operating system, in which case the graphical user interface may be launched manually by the user at the computer. The VoIP client then checks to see if there is Internet connectivity (block  505 ). Internet connectivity may be provided by the enhanced PC modem card&#39;s radio frequency (RF) wireless capabilities, or alternatively, may be provided through another connection to which the computer has access, such as a hard wired network, or a WiFi® connection to which the computer has access by a wireless transceiver located somewhere other than the enhanced cellular PC modem card. If Internet connectivity is available, the existing connection to the Internet is used (block  506 ). If no Internet connectivity is detected, the cellular wireless capability of the enhanced cellular PC card is activated and a connection with the Internet is established. 
     Once Internet connectivity is established, the soft mobile client establishes the VoIP communication through the Internet connection and provides voice calling via the soft mobile phone client, and the Internet connection (block  509 ).  FIG. 5  is an example of a selected policy, but other policies may result in different options, such as using a traditional switched circuit voice connection if one is available. 
     Although a UMA/GAN based soft mobile phone client approach may be used, additional approaches may be utilized. For example, a soft mobile phone client based upon the IEEE 802.21 standard may be used. Alternatively, the mobile phone soft client may use information associated with the policy to utilize aspects of the 802.21 standard. Other protocols that enable VoIP, for example, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) may be used. This configuration of wireless connectivity, soft mobile client, and policy may present a compelling offering to cellular operators as it provides the ability to market a single PC product, and maintain a good degree of control and manage the use of all wireless connectivity means collectively available in the enhanced cellular PC card and the computer into which the enhanced cellular PC card is inserted. 
     Although features and elements are described above in particular combinations, each feature or element can be used alone without the other features and elements or in various combinations with or without other features and elements. The methods or flow charts provided herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable storage medium for execution by a general purpose computer or a processor. Examples of computer-readable storage mediums include a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs). 
     Suitable processors include, by way of example, a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), and/or a state machine. 
     A processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU), user equipment (UE), terminal, base station, radio network controller (RNC), or any host computer. The WTRU may be used in conjunction with modules, implemented in hardware and/or software, such as a camera, a video camera module, a videophone, a speakerphone, a vibration device, a speaker, a microphone, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a keyboard, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, and/or any wireless local area network (WLAN) or Ultra Wide Band (UWB) module.