Abstract:
A gaze initiated interaction technique for facilitating interaction between wearers of head-mountable devices. Methods are shown which allow users to interact with each other following an event of interlocking gaze. Methods are also shown which allows the operator of a personal point-of-interest beacon to control and limit interaction from the public thus ensuring a greater degree of privacy. Methods are also introduced which allow a mode of interaction to be determined by a remote service after mutual authorization of each interacting user. This disclosure also introduces a system of a head-mountable device which comprises a directional beacon transceiver system using beams in the infrared light spectrum enabling the detection of a gaze interlock event.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    Not applicable to this application. 
       STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
       [0002]    Not applicable to this application. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    1. Field 
         [0004]    Example embodiments in general relate to a gaze initiated interaction technique for inviting, initiating and performing interaction between wearers of head-mountable devices. 
         [0005]    2. Prior Art 
         [0006]    Any discussion of the related art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such related art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field. 
         [0007]    With the advent of wearable devices the concept of point-of-interest beacons has received an increasing amount of attention in recent years, with the iBeacon technology becoming more and more prevalent. Current technology is centered around beacons being assigned unique identifiers, such as UUIDs, and configuring these beacons to transmit their static and permanent identifiers with a low range omnidirectional transmitter, such as Bluetooth LE. Whilst this technology is particularly suited to allow interfacing the point-of-interface beacons of large and inanimate objects, such as buildings or storefronts, there are a number of shortcomings which currently stand in the way of using point-of-interest beacons to facilitate interpersonal communication. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0008]    This disclosure provides, in part, a group of methods. 
         [0009]    One method includes detecting the gaze of a person wearing a head-mounted device and providing means for interacting with that person. Several means are known that allow detecting beacons associated with points-of-interest in an augmented reality environment. However, when a point-of-interest is associated with a person that person may not desire being tracked or contacted by an unrestricted group of people. The method also provides a means to authenticate against a point-of-interest beacon through mediation of a remote network, such as a social network. 
         [0010]    Another method includes enabling the user of a head-mountable device to invite interaction from other members of a shared network. The method includes providing a means for the beacon user to restrict visibility and interaction with regards to other users. Therefore the beacon user remains anonymous to other users of similar head-mountable devices and only becomes visible to a select group of members of a network. The method includes a means to configure the head-mountable device to project the beam of the point-of-interest beacon in the direction of the user&#39;s gaze. 
         [0011]    Another method includes configuring a remote service to provide authorization for interaction with a point-of-interest. The server determines whether access should be granted based on inclusion or exclusion criteria set in user profiles. If access is granted, the function returns an interface to the point-of-interest. 
         [0012]    This disclosure also provides, in part, a system of a head mounted device (HMD). The system includes a directional beacon transmitting a unique identifier. The unique identifier may be changed in regular intervals such as to avoid tracking and to provide a degree of privacy and anonymity. The system may implement the directional point-of-interest beacon with an infrared light source. The system also includes a means for receiving a directional point-of-interest beacon, which may be implemented by an infrared-spectrum camera pointing in the same direction as the gaze of the user. 
         [0013]    There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, some of the features of the gaze initiated interaction technique in order that the detailed description thereof may be better understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are additional features of the gaze initiated interaction technique that will be described hereinafter and that will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto. In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the gaze initiated interaction technique in detail, it is to be understood that the gaze initiated interaction technique is not limited in its application to the details of construction or to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The gaze initiated interaction technique is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of the description and should not be regarded as limiting. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0014]    Example embodiments will become more fully understood from the detailed description given herein below and the accompanying drawings, wherein like elements are represented by like reference characters, which are given by way of illustration only and thus are not limitative of the example embodiments herein. 
           [0015]      FIG. 1A  is a block diagram of an example embodiment. 
           [0016]      FIG. 1B  is a first perspective view of a gaze initiated interaction technique in accordance with an example embodiment. 
           [0017]      FIG. 2  is a frontal view illustrating a technique for utilizing interlocking gaze in respect of wearers of a head-mountable device. 
           [0018]      FIG. 3  illustrates an example embodiment relating to establishing contact with the user of a personal point-of-interest beacon. 
           [0019]      FIG. 4  illustrates an example embodiment relating to running an app on a head-mountable device relating to communications with the user of a personal point-of-interest beacon. 
           [0020]      FIG. 5  is a block diagram depicting examples of the type of interaction which can follow acquisition of a personal point-of-interest beacon. 
           [0021]      FIG. 6  is a flow diagram relating to an example embodiment depicting communications between two personal point-of-interest beacon users. 
           [0022]      FIG. 7  is a block diagram depicting the system architecture of an example embodiment of a system utilizing a gaze initiated interaction technique. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0023]    Among the techniques known in the prior art are those point-of-interest beacons which transmit static identifiers, commonly UUIDs (universally unique identifiers). Even though a UUID can be anonymous at the point of creation, once it has been associated with a person it can be used to track that person, which is considered a disadvantage in any scenario involving a requirement of privacy. The present invention, in part, provides a technique which allows the user of head-mountable device to publically broadcast a constantly changing identifier thus making it difficult to track or identify the beacon user. At the same time the broadcast identifier can serve the function to invite interaction from a select group of member of a shared network, such as a shared social network Importantly the novel technique does not necessarily restrict interaction to other network users, i.e. social network friends, previously associated with the beacon user. The technique also provides methods which allow beacon users to restrict access by setting profile filtering criteria, such as by setting which profile parameters another social network user must exhibit in order to be allowed to interface with the beacon user. Therefore the novel technique offers, in part, the possibility that a social network, for example, can mediate authentication and authorization between beacon users. Other than authentication and authorization, the technique can also serve to select and serve the appropriate interface for interaction. There may be a number of augmented-reality apps, which can provide such interface. The disclosed technique will allow a social network to select the most appropriate interface based on an algorithm taking into account both user profiles and the context of a gaze interlock event. The technique which is subject to this invention also proposes a system of a head-mountable device comprising a beacon system, whereby both the transmitter and the receiver beam are envisaged to be directional, whereas prior art embodiments of such beacons tend to be omnidirectional. The reason for seeking directional beams lies in solving the problem of how find a technological equivalent to the basic human interaction of the gaze of two persons meeting. In a preferred embodiment the directional beacon transmitter is implemented as a directional beam of light in the infrared spectrum, whereas the directional beacon receiver is implemented as an infrared-spectrum camera facing the same direction as the gaze of the user of a head-mountable device. 
         [0024]    The block diagram of  FIG. 1A  illustrates the process flow of a beacon interaction from the perspective of the user of a head-mounted device looking to interact with other users. The process starts  1000  with a personal point-of-interest beacon being acquired  1001 . At this point the user has only an anonymous identifier to go by and requires authorization  1002  before the anonymous identifier can be used for any kind of purpose. The authorization is requested from a remote server which can look up the anonymous identifier and match it with a profile on a network, such as a social network. As long as the authorization process is successful, the remote server returns a handle to an interface  1003 . Once an interface to the point of interest is available the user is given the option to commence interaction with the point-of-interest  1004 . If the user accepts that invitation for interaction  1005 , then an application is started which is capable of using the interface returned in step  1003 . The application is executed until a disengagement event  1007  is received, which ends  1008  the interaction. 
         [0025]    The schematic diagram in  FIG. 1B  depicts the hardware required in the scenario of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Both persons taking part in the interaction are wearing a head-mountable device  140 . The head-mountable device comprises both a beacon transmitter  110  and a beacon receiver  120 . In a preferred embodiment both the beacon transmitter and the beacon receiver are configured to operate with light of the infrared spectrum. Both the transmitting and receiving beams are configured to coincide with the gaze of the user  130 . Through the medium of the beacon beams two functions are being implemented. One such function is the exchange of the described anonymous unique identifiers  180 . The other function is to track the point-of-interest beacon  175  in order to be able to project the corresponding beacon user  170  as an augmented reality target. In the preferred embodiment both interacting users  170   175  use a system which combines a head-mountable device with a smartphone-type handset  150 . It is envisaged that all distributed functions with the exception of said beacon tracking and UUID exchange are processed by making use of cloud services  160  which are in turn accessed by functionality provided by the respective smartphone-type handsets  150 . 
         [0026]      FIG. 2  illustrates the gaze initiated interaction technique in the context of an augmented-reality setting whereby the figure depicts the first step of the technique comprising scanning the environment for other personal point-of-interest beacons in the field of view. The user  250  of a head-mountable device gazes in the direction of a crowd of people  235  whereby in the crowd there is a person  230  who operates a similar head-mountable device comprising a point-of-interest beacon  220 . The beacon  220  disseminates a beam  210  corresponding to the gaze of the user  230 . The first user  250  operates a similar beam transceiver corresponding to her gaze  240 . Once an intersection of gaze-related beams  260  takes place, unique identifiers can be exchanged. In the depicted embodiment, however, it is sufficient if one of the users picks up the unique identifier of the beacon of the other user. 
         [0027]      FIG. 3  illustrates the gaze initiated interaction technique from the point of view of a user  250  at a point in time when authorization has been successfully performed on a plurality of social networks. The frame  305  depicts the boundary of the augmented-reality scene depicted. The frame contents simulate what the user  250  may see. Frame  350  denotes a menu panel superimposed on the augmented reality scenery. Frame  340  denotes an individual selectable menu item. The scenery comprises a crowd of people which are not enhanced by augmented reality. There is one individual  310  in the crowd who is enhanced in the augmented reality environment. The enhancement consists of providing a means of tracking  320  the individual in the field of view. An icon  330  hovers above the tracked individual  310 . The said icon denotes that the tracked individual  310  offers an invitation for interaction to the other user  250 . At this point of the interaction process no interface for interaction is available yet. In the example the user  250  is notified that authorization has been granted for interaction with the point-of-interest by altogether three social networks  361   362   363 . The said user is prompted to select over which one of the social networks offered as selection the proposed interaction is to take place. The selection of network is important for the reason that the interface offered for interaction will normally be different for each network. If for example, the point-of-interest grants authorization both for interaction over a social network designed for dating and a social network designed for professional networking, then it is to be expected that the corresponding interfaces are substantially different. 
         [0028]      FIG. 4  depicts the use case started in  FIG. 3  at the next phase of interaction. At this stage a preferred social network has been selected, the corresponding interface has been retrieved and an application has been launched which makes use of the said interface. Whilst the application is active a suitable icon  400  is projected above the tracked user  310  denoting that the currently active application interacts with said tracked user. Menu card  410  denotes an arbitrary interaction option, in this particular example the option to send a text message to the tracked user  310 . 
         [0029]      FIG. 5  is a block diagram providing more detail on preferred embodiments of the type of interaction between users of the gaze initiated interaction technique. Once an interface is obtained enabling contact to a personal point-of-interest beacon an application  500  is launched. The most basic application of that type would be one in which the second user is added as a friend  501  on the social network which has mediated the described authorization. Another possible application is the exchange of business cards, such as VCARDs  502 . Sending a short text message  503  to the second user is another possible example application. In a similar way two way voice communications  504  may be initiated. The application may also restrict interaction simply to tracking the second user as an augmented-reality target  505 . This use case would be particularly interesting in keeping track for example of a tour guide in a very crowded place. Another application would be to simply retrieve and browse profile attributes of the second user  506 . In a gaming scenario it would be of particular interest to utilize the described gaze initiated interaction technique to initiate an application which allows to introduce a previously not acquainted member of the public into a running instance of an augmented reality game. 
         [0030]      FIG. 6  describes an end-to-end use case of a gaze-initiated interaction between a first user  250  and a second user  310  in an augmented-reality environment. The second user  310  is operating a personal point-of-interest beacon transmitting an anonymous temporary unique identifier which is only known to one social network. Both the first and the second user use head-mountable devices  695  in combination with smartphone-type handheld mobile devices  150 . The interaction starts with the first user  250  detecting the point-of-interest beacon  601  of the second user  310 . Upon detection of the point-of-interest beacon the unique identifier of the beacon is retrieved. It has to be noted that a point-of-interest beacon may transmit more than one identifier. If that is the case, the following lookup process is repeated for each of the identifiers. In the described use case, however, it is assumed that only one unique identifier is being transmitted. For the next step the handset  150  of the first user  250  establishes a connection with the Internet in order to access a plurality of cloud services. From the point of view of the first user the input  620  for the lookup process is the unique ID  698  of the beacon relating to the second user, whereas the output  625  is a service interface to the second user. The steps required to retrieve the service interface based on the lookup of the unique identifier are as follows: at first the identifier is submitted  630  to a lookup service of a first social network  670 , which is a social network on which the first user  250  has an account and a profile; if the unique identifier  698  is registered on that social network an algorithm  685  comprising a matching logic is executed, in such a way that the algorithm takes into account inclusion and exclusion criteria associated with both the profile of the first user  250  and the second user  310 ; the outcome of the matching process determines whether authorization is granted to the interaction request; in the present use case lookup process  630  returns a negative authorization result  635 ; the next steps comprise iterating through a plurality of social networks to which the first user  250  has subscribed; for each social network the lookup process is repeated; in the specific use case lookup  640  is successful since the matching algorithm  690  yields positive authorization and as a result the social network  675  grants authorization for interaction  645 ; once authorization has been obtained it is necessary to obtain an application for interaction, for that purpose the social network  675  is queried for the identifier of a suitable application; subsequently an identifier for the respective application is obtained  655 ; in order to be able to run the application instance data has to be obtained  657 , also from social network  675 ; before the application can be launched it is necessary to ensure that the application itself is available on the mobile devices of the first user  250 ; in the present use case the application has not yet been installed and has to be requested  660  and downloaded from an online app repository  680 . Once authorization has been granted and the application is running and has been provided with instance data, then the user  250  is notified that augmented-reality interaction with user  310  is possible through application instance  606 . Both users  250   310  are queried to agree to a virtual handshake which initiates interaction through the app  606 , if affirmed. For as long as the application  606  is active both users track each other in the augmented-reality environment  615 . 
         [0031]      FIG. 7  depicts the architecture of an example embodiment of a system implementing aspects of the novel gaze initiated interaction technique. The system comprises two mobile devices, namely a head-mountable device  740  and a smartphone-type mobile device  745 . Both devices  740   745  are used in conjunction with each other and are thus treated as a single unit for the purposes of the system diagram. The system comprises one or more processing units  705 , a transceiver  710  for mobile communications via the smartphone-type device  745  and a plurality of communication interfaces  715 . The device comprises a data storage component  739 , which in turn comprises stored program logic  730  and stored program data  735 . The system also comprises a plurality of user input and output devices  270 . The plurality of input and output devices comprises a beacon processor  759 . The beacon processor comprises a directional beacon transmitter  751 , a directional beacon receiver  753  and a beacon tracker  753 . Other user input and output devices in the preferred embodiment are a front-facing camera  761 , a display  762 , a speaker  763 , a microphone  764  and a touchpad  765 . 
         [0032]    Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although methods and materials similar to or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the wink gesture based control system, suitable methods and materials are described above. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety to the extent allowed by applicable law and regulations. The gaze initiated interaction technique may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it is therefore desired that the present embodiment be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. Any headings utilized within the description are for convenience only and have no legal or limiting effect.