Abstract:
A chlorine-generating apparatus is herein disclosed which uses softened household water and salt. The apparatus includes a freestanding brine tank to hold salt and softened household water. The brine tank includes a submerged chlorine-generating cell, an improved chlorine-generating cell container, and a cell-cleaning reservoir. The brine tank also includes a precipitation tank to help remove minerals from the incoming household water. The chlorine-generating apparatus generates sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide, as well as other sanitizing chemicals. The chlorine-generating apparatus also incorporates an improved method for controlling pH. A water-cooled power supply independently delivers power to the chlorine-generating cell.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]    The present invention generally relates to on-site chlorine generation from brine water, and particularly to on-site chlorine generating and infusion systems for swimming pools and other bodies of water needing sanitation. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Known methods of on-site chlorine generation have proven relatively suitable, although there have been problems relating to chlorine generating units for residential swimming pools and small to medium bodies of water (under 40,000 gallons). For the most part, known methods of on-site chlorine generation have not been adequate for treating large commercial swimming pools or large bodies of water. 
         [0003]    Swimming pools, as well as certain other bodies of water, must be sanitized in order to be safe for use. Lack of proper sanitization results in damaged equipment, damaged pool surfaces, and allows water to become a breeding ground for disease and algae. 
         [0004]    Swimming pool owners generally take care of the chemistry of the pool water in one of the following ways: 
         [0005]    The residential pool owner hires a pool service company to come out once a week and bring the chemicals necessary to keep the water safe and sanitized. 
         [0006]    The Board of Health will not allow a “once a week” treatment for commercial pools. The Board of Health requires that any commercial or public pool have some means on-site for automatically dispensing sanitizing chemicals into the pool water. 
         [0007]    Common on-site chemical dispensing devices are: an adjustable liquid pump that takes liquid chlorine from a storage vat, and injects it into the pool&#39;s return line; a chlorine tablet holder that is installed into the return line that allows the tablets to be dissolved at an adjustable rate; and a powdered chlorine dispenser that automatically dumps powder into a container that has pool water circulating through it. 
         [0008]    Some problems with these devices are that, because they are mechanical and exposed to the corrosive nature of pool chemicals, they are not very reliable, and require frequent service or replacement. Often the owner/operator resorts to adding chlorine into the pool by hand. 
         [0009]    Another method for dispensing chlorine that has become accepted in recent years is to add salt to the pool and then to install an in-line chlorine-generating cell that will produce chlorine from the salt in the pool water. 
         [0010]    Two of the Many Problems with this Type of Device are: 
         [0011]    1. The amount of chlorine produced is too small to adequately deliver the amount of chlorine needed during a heavy swim load. As a result, it is a common practice to have a liquid chlorine dispenser as a backup; and 
         [0012]    2. Since pool water commonly has a high amount of dissolved solids, the inline cells become fouled with hard water deposits, and consequently require frequent cleaning, service, and/or replacing. 
         [0013]    Bromine dispensers are another method for dispensing sanitizing chemicals into a pool to be sanitized. Bromine is an accepted product for sanitizing pool water and can be provided as a tablet, or in stick form. Dispensed into the pool water, bromine will kill algae and bacteria, but is far more expensive than chlorine. 
         [0014]    Another method, which has been outlawed in some areas because of extreme hazards associated therewith, is to have a pool service bring compressed chlorine gas to a pool site, and then to dispense it into the pool water. This is accomplished by submerging a manifold in the deep end of the pool, and then bubbling chlorine gas into the water from a portable gas cylinder. In addition to the danger of having compressed chlorine gas in a neighborhood, the addition of chlorine gas to pool water makes an acid that must be neutralized with a base product, such as soda ash. With this method, the extreme vacillation of pH and chlorine, from high to low, adversely affects the swimmer&#39;s health and safety, as well as causing bleaching of suntan, swimwear, and towels, and leads to green hair, irritated skin, and irritated eyes. 
         [0015]    In addition, when the pH is below 7 ppm, and there is any copper in the pool&#39;s plumbing, copper oxide is formed, which causes a blue-green stain on the pool finish. When the pH of the pool rises above 8 ppm, minerals in the pool water deposit on the pool finish. These variations in pool water chemistry shorten the life of the pool&#39;s plumbing, equipment, and plaster finish. 
         [0016]    In addition to the above problems, when concentrated commercial chemicals are used, it is easy to over-treat the pool water, and to get the chemistry out of balance. Out-of-balance pool water is the culprit that causes most surface-staining of plasters, and causes discomfort to swimmers. 
         [0017]    Over the years, there have been a number of other devices and methods that have been marketed to assist in the sanitation of pool water. 
         [0018]    For example, ultraviolet light is a sanitizing method which uses a clear plastic or glass cell containing an ultraviolet (UV) light. When the filtered pool water passes through the cell on its way back to the pool, the water is exposed to UV rays that can kill bacteria. The problem with this system is that it leaves no residual protection in the water. Consequently, if the water becomes contaminated after it leaves the ultraviolet light cell, bacteria in the water will not be killed until the water again passes through the cell. Chlorine is usually still used to provide the residual bacteria kill needed. The basic claim of the ultraviolet light system is that it will reduce the amount of chlorine needed to sanitize a pool. 
         [0019]    Ozonators are another device for sanitizing pool water. This type of device uses high voltage to create ozone from the air, which is then injected into the pool water before returning it via the return line of the pool. Ozone kills bacteria, but does not stay in the water after the water is returned to the pool. It will reduce the amount of chlorine needed, but is not accepted by the Board of Health as a sole means of sanitizing pool water, because it doesn&#39;t leave a residual disinfectant or sanitizing agent in the pool water for a long enough time. 
         [0020]    Copper/Sliver ionization is another method of sanitization. Copper and silver ions cannot remove organic matter, such as skin tissue, hair, urine, and skin flakes from water. Thus, another disinfectant, such as chlorine, needs to be used in addition to the copper and silver ions. Chlorine demand can be reduced by as much as 80% with the addition of copper and silver ions. In addition, copper and silver ions will stay in the water longer than most other sanitizing products, and are not affected by pH, heat, or sun. However, the process of killing bacteria and algae using copper and silver ions is slower than with other pool water sanitization methods. Copper/silver ions and chlorine make a good combination of sterilizing agents, but copper/silver ions are not sufficient as a sole agent for sterilizing pool water. 
         [0021]    Commercial Chlorine Products: 
         [0022]    Powder and Tablet Forms of Chlorine: 
         [0023]    These forms of chlorine usually contain cyanuric acid, commonly called pool stabilizer. After the chlorine delivered by these products has dissipated from the pool water, the stabilizer remains. The effect of stabilizer is to slow down the reaction of chlorine so as to make the chlorine last longer in the pool. Too much stabilizer can inhibit the chlorine&#39;s ability to kill bacteria fast enough for the pool water to be safe for swimmers. Therefore, the Board of Health states that stabilizer concentrations over 75 ppm are unsafe, because such concentrations make the reaction of chlorine too slow to kill bacteria. This law prevents commercial pool owners from using pill, powder, and tablet forms of chlorine as the sole method for sanitation. 
         [0024]    Another problem using commercial chlorine in the form of tablets and powders is that as much as 95% of the “chlorine” that is purchased is not chlorine, but instead consists of inert ingredients that the manufacturers add to their product to stabilize the chlorine and to give it shelf life. This can add a large amount of undesirable dissolved solids into the pool water, which can eventually cause staining of the pool finish, discomfort for swimmers, and can shorten the life of the filtering equipment. 
         [0025]    The chemicals used in treating pool water are manufactured off-site, usually in a rural area away from the heavily populated cities. Products such as salt, stabilizer, calcium, soda ash, etc., must be transported to the chemical factory. After the pool chemicals are manufactured, they must be put in bottles or other suitable containers, labeled as “hazardous products”, and then shipped into cities and towns to be stored in warehouses. The products are then shipped in smaller amounts to the retail stores where they are purchased by the service companies or by the end user, and then are transported to the pool site where they are stored until they are used. A vehicle accident while transporting concentrated pool chemicals, or the improper storage of these chemicals, has resulted in the chemicals getting wet or mixed, which has caused fires, explosions, and the emitting of dangerous deadly gases often endangering children as well as adults. 
         [0026]    Inline Chlorine Generators: 
         [0027]    Over the years, there have been many attempts to generate chlorine at the pool site. Most of these devices require salt to be added to the pool water. Then, when the pool filter system is running, the salted pool water is directed through either an inline chlorine-generating cell, or a by-pass chlorine-generating cell. 
         [0028]    To manufacture chlorine from pool water, hundreds of pounds of salt must be poured into the pool. Doing so raises the total dissolved solids, which can lead to deposits being precipitated out of the water onto the tile and pool finish. 
         [0029]    When a saltwater pool is drained, or when water from the pool is backwashed into the sewer system, it makes the discharge water too: salty. This causes problems at the treatment plant, and it is now illegal to discharge water from salt-water pools into the sewer system, or to discharge into the drain gutters in some counties. 
         [0030]    When an electric potential (also called “electrolysis”) is present in the pool water, the increased conductivity due to the salt in the pool water can lead to excessive corrosion on all metal parts of the pool circulating system. Most pool water has a higher amount of dissolved minerals than does tap water. This is due to the inert ingredients left over from pool chemicals that have been put into the pool, and to the evaporation of tap water which also leaves minerals in the pool water, resulting in “hard water”. When this hard water flows through chlorine-generating cells, the calcium and magnesium dissolved therein form deposits inside the cell on the cathode (the negative electrode). This reduces the efficiency of the cell, and necessitates cleaning of the cell by the operator, which is difficult and time consuming. If the cell is not cleaned, the build-up will continue to lower the efficiency of the cell, shorten its life, and eventually destroy it. 
         [0031]    Another problem with this type of system is that, to make chlorine, the entire filtering system must be running to provide large amounts of constant water flow through the cell. This wastes a great deal of electricity, and does not give the operator the option of filtering less and chlorinating more. 
         [0032]    Another problem with in-line chlorine generators is that when pool water temperature drops below 60°, the chlorine production is drastically reduced or terminated with an inline system. 
         [0033]    Another problem with in-line chlorine generators is that the efficiency of an electronic cell operating in a mild salt solution is far less than the same electrolytic cell operating in saturated softened brine water. 
         [0034]    Another problem with in-line chlorine generators is that when the pool owner changes the valves on his filtering system to use and heat his spa and forgets to shut “off” the inline chlorinator, all the chemicals being manufactured for the pool are directed to the spa, which only contains 500 to 800 gallons of water. In short order, the spa can become dangerously over-chlorinated and out of balance. 
         [0035]    Still another problem with in-line chlorine generators is that in the event the filter pump stops, or for any reason the flow of water stops going across the inline chlorine generator&#39;s electrodes and the unit is still running, an accumulation of hydrogen gas is created. This pocket of hydrogen gas is extremely dangerous, and can be ignited by sunlight or by the electrodes themselves, resulting in a powerful explosion. 
         [0036]    Considering the need for daily chlorination and the increasing cost of energy, as well as the problems caused by adding large amounts of salt to the pool water, these inline chlorine generators are neither able to provide the maximum protection, nor are they cost effective. 
       DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART  
       [0037]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,500,404, issued Feb. 19, 1985 to Daniel Tucker, also the inventor of the present invention, is a patent for an early predecessor of the present invention. In this first patent, a chlorine-generating device was claimed for a tank containing sodium chloride and a submerged electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell contained an ion-selective membrane separating anode and cathode compartments. The anode compartment contains the brine solution. The device contains a water softening device to provide soft water to both compartments, a source of direct electrical current with the positive output directed to the anode electrode and compartment, and the negative current connected to the cathode electrode and compartment. 
         [0038]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,693,806, issued Sep. 15, 1987 to Daniel Tucker, also the present inventor, is a patent for a successor to the device in U.S. Pat. No. 4,500,404, wherein the tank containing sodium chloride and a submerged electrolytic cell is submerged in a larger tank filled with water such that the cathode compartment of the electrolytic cell communicates directly with the water in the larger tank. The ion-selective membrane passes only hydrogen and sodium ions from the anode compartment to the cathode compartment, thus converting the water in the larger tank to a sodium hydroxide solution. The sodium hydroxide solution causes the hardness minerals contained in the incoming water to be precipitated out. In addition, an isolation valve is disclosed to control the flow of sodium hypochlorite into the main pool system using the main filter pump. 
         [0039]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,781,810, issued Nov. 1, 1988 to Daniel Tucker, also the present inventor, is a patent for a successor to the device in U.S. Pat. No. 4,693,806, wherein the chlorine generating cell incorporates a chemical pump for forcibly urging the resulting product to the pool without the use of mechanical pumps or membranes. New methods of reducing maintenance and increasing reliability are also disclosed. 
         [0040]    When the above described invention was manufactured and put into the field, a number of problems developed that required field service and re-designing to make the unit more reliable. 
       PROBLEMS WITH PRIOR ART  
       [0041]    The pipe containing the power leads to the submerged electrodes would fill, over time, with condensation, causing the electrical connections to corrode and fail. 
         [0042]    The customer would forget to recharge the water softener, and then hard water would enter the brine tank and cell, thereby causing the cell to fail. 
         [0043]    The customer would not acid-clean the electronic cell and, in hard water areas, the mineral deposited on the submerged cell would cause it to fail. 
         [0044]    The cell was not able to produce enough chlorine to offset the heavy swim load and temperature of commercial swimming pools. 
         [0045]    The pH of the pool water would rise on the alkalinity side, and the device for pH control in the above patent was too complicated and didn&#39;t work adequately. 
         [0046]    The customers would put too much salt in the unit and cause the unit to fail. 
         [0047]    The unit was difficult and time-consuming to install because the power supply was separated from the brine tank. 
         [0048]    The power supply was inefficient and wasteful of electricity. 
         [0049]    The pumping action of the submerged cell was compromised by the impurities in the brine water and the complicated plumbing. 
         [0050]    The concentration of the chlorinated liquid returned to the bottom of the brine tank caused failure of the brine tank itself, and caused excessive corrosion of metal parts. 
         [0051]    Chlorine fumes were common around the top of the brine tank. 
         [0052]    The prior art could not produce enough sanitizing agents to sanitize large commercial pools without installing multiple units. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0053]    The invention solves the problems of the prior art so as to improve reliability, reduce cost, reduce service problems, and increase productivity. 
         [0054]    The invention installs easily and can be operated by a normal unskilled pool operator. It provides far less undesirable inert products to the body of water being treated. The invention saves electricity by requiring less filter time, and eliminates wasted energy used in the manufacturing, transporting, packaging, storing and delivering hazardous commercial chemicals. 
         [0055]    The invention provides, at a low cost and high reliability, a combination of sanitizing chemicals by using a small amount of softened household water being delivered to a self standing brine tank which contains salt and a submerged electronic cell. 
         [0056]    The invention provides internal protection for the cell so that it can operate efficiently and not become fouled with un-dissolved salt or mineral deposits. 
         [0057]    The invention provides automatic treatment for incoming water so that the submerged cell is exposed to a minimum amount of hardness minerals thus minimizing hardness build-up on the electrodes. 
         [0058]    The invention provides a convenient, easy method for cleaning the cell either automatically or manually by activating an electronic circuit. 
         [0059]    The invention provides encapsulated electrical leads within a PVC pipe that goes to the submerged cell so as to avoid condensation in the PVC pipe which can lead to failure of the electrical connections. 
         [0060]    The invention provides an easy, convenient method to force the liquid out of the cell-cleaning reservoir so the cell-cleaning reservoir can be recharged with fresh acid. 
         [0061]    The invention provides a unit that has a minimal amount of moving parts and is easy to install. 
         [0062]    The invention provides a unit wherein the pH of the liquid leaving the unit can be easily adjusted to assist the pool operator in controlling the pH of the water being treated, 
         [0063]    The invention provides a unique way of mixing the filtered incoming water from the RO unit with the discharge from the cathode side of the submerged cell in such a way as to efficiently cause minerals to precipitate to the bottom of the precipitation tank. 
         [0064]    The invention provides a cell container that delivers mild salt water to the intake of the cathode side of the cell and, at the same time, provide brine water to the intake of the anode side of the cell. 
         [0065]    The invention provides a cell container that allows brine water to enter the cell but prevents un-dissolved salt from entering and fouling the cell. 
         [0066]    The invention provides a cell container that is sealed at the bottom which directs heavily chlorinated water back through the cell, making the cell more efficient, and, at the same time, reducing the amount of chlorine fume exiting the brine tank. 
         [0067]    The invention provides a unit that can efficiently mix or combine chlorine gas, sodium hydroxide and other chemicals into a liquid form and deliver it to the water being treated without using any moving parts. 
         [0068]    The invention provides a unit in which the improved pumping action of the cell allows it to deliver the liquid and chemicals generated in each of the electrode compartments to separate areas of the unit for proper mixing which minimizes chlorine fumes. 
         [0069]    The invention provides an efficient mixing chamber filled with a media that will combine the chemicals with water and deliver the mixture to the water being treated. 
         [0070]    The invention provides a unit designed in such a way that all incoming and exit fittings are installed above the water level in the brine tank which eliminates leaks. 
         [0071]    The invention provides a sealed, water cooled, weather protected cabinet that encloses a solid-state power supply and other electronic parts. 
         [0072]    The invention provides a water-cooled, thermally protected, voltage regulated power supply that can deliver low voltage power efficiently to a chlorine generating cell and optionally to a copper/silver ionizing cell. 
         [0073]    The invention provides a unit that can be more easily shipped, installed, and serviced. 
         [0074]    The invention provides a complete unit for sanitizing water using the basic elements of salt, water, and acid, also requiring very little maintenance, using very little power, and having the option of significantly increasing the amount of sanitizing agents by the addition of a copper/silver cell. 
         [0075]    The water level in the brine tank is maintained by local utility water, which is notably softer than pool water. The water enters the unit through a pre-sediment filter, which will remove foreign particles. The water then is directed through the unit&#39;s solenoid valve. When the power supply turns the unit on, the water leaves the solenoid valve and is directed through an aluminum heat exchanger or heat sink. The water then enters a reverse osmoses unit, which separates the water into two streams. 
         [0076]    One stream (about 25% of the water) goes through a reverse osmosis filter, which removes 80% to 90% of the hardness minerals. The other stream (about 75%) by-passes the filter, picks up the mineral laden water from the reverse osmosis unit, and carries it to a sealed mixing chamber where chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide are combined with other chemicals to form a chlorinated liquid that is then delivered to the pool through the chlorine exit port of the unit. The smaller (reduced mineral) stream (25%) is directed into a precipitation tank where it is mixed with the effluent from the cathode side of the submerged cell. Because of the caustic (alkaline, high pH, or basic) nature of that water, most of the remaining hardness contained in the incoming water will precipitate to the bottom of the precipitation tank. 
         [0077]    Water, almost mineral free, then overflows onto the surface of the brine tank. When this liquid dissolves the salt at the bottom of the tank and goes through the submerged chlorine-generating cell, the amount of mineral build up on the cathode side of the chlorine-generating cell is greatly reduced. The submerged chlorine-generating cell is enclosed in its own cell container that protects the chlorine-generating cell from being fouled by un-dissolved salt and also keeps chlorinated liquid from migrating throughout the bottom of the brine tank. 
         [0078]    To further protect the chlorine-generating cell and keep the chlorine-generating cell clean, a sealed acid-cleaning reservoir, filled with acidic solution, is provided inside the brine tank. A second solenoid valve is provided and is connected to household water. When that valve is activated, either manually or electronically, water is injected into the top of the reservoir thereby forcing a small amount of acid out of the bottom. A portion of the acid is directed to the cathode side of the cell, and a portion is directed to the mixer, thereby cleaning the unit and its plumbing of hardness build-up, and keeping it working at peak efficiency, as well as extending its service life. Since the acid used for cleaning eventually ends up being delivered to the pool, this process also aids in controlling the pH of the pool water. 
         [0079]    Mounted on top of the brine tank is a sealed aluminum cabinet containing a solid-state power supply. A digital timer is mounted on the front of the aluminum cabinet. 
         [0080]    A general aspect of the invention is a chlorine-generating and infusion apparatus. The apparatus includes: an inlet port capable of receiving household water; a precipitation tank capable of removing minerals from the household water so as to provide softened water; and a brine tank capable of containing a solution of salt in the softened water. The brine tank includes: a chlorine-generating cell submerged in the softened water, the chlorine-generating cell providing at least sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide; and a water-cooled power supply for providing power to the chlorine-generating cell. The apparatus also includes: a cell container having a PVC pipe with a sealed cap at the bottom of the pipe and at least one hole along a side of the pipe, the hole preventing un-dissolved salt from entering the cell container; and a cell-cleaning reservoir connected to the chlorine-generating cell. 
         [0081]    In a preferred embodiment, the chlorine-generating cell also generates hypochlorous acid, oxygen, and sodium hydroxide. 
         [0082]    In another preferred embodiment, the apparatus further includes apparatus for controlling pH, connected to the brine tank. 
         [0083]    In another preferred embodiment, the brine tank is freestanding. 
         [0084]    In still another preferred embodiment, the power supply and the brine tank are integrated as one unit. 
         [0085]    In yet another preferred embodiment, the brine tank includes: an outer shell for storing salt and water; and an un-dissolved salt indicator capable of indicating a level of un-dissolved salt. 
         [0086]    In preferred embodiments, the chlorine-generating cell includes: an anode electrode chamber containing softened water; and a cathode electrode chamber containing softened household water, the anode electrode chamber being separated from the cathode electrode chamber by an ion selective membrane, the ion selective membrane keeping chlorine and oxygen gases produced in the anode electrode chamber separate from sodium and hydrogen gas produced in the cathode electrode chamber. In a further preferred embodiment, gases in each electrode chamber pump liquid from each electrode chamber in a percolating fashion, thereby urging liquid and gas products produced in each chamber to be delivered to a desired location. 
         [0087]    In another preferred embodiment, the chlorine-generating cell includes electrical leads that are connected to electrodes in the anode and cathode chambers, the electrical leads being enclosed in PVC pipes that are injected with a sealing agent that seals the pipes so as to prevent condensation in the pipe, thereby preventing corrosion of electrical connections of the electrical leads. 
         [0088]    In still another preferred embodiment, the brine tank includes: a sealed de-watering device attached directly to the intake of the anode electrode chamber, the sealed de-watering device being capable of separating chlorine gas from the brine water after the brine water has been pumped from the anode electrode chamber, the sealed de-watering device also being capable of directing the chlorine gas to a mixing chamber, while the unused brine water is returned to the intake of the anode electrode chamber, thereby minimizing the amount of chlorine fumes escaping the brine tank, while also increasing the efficiency of chlorine production by returning discharge from the sealed de-watering device to the intake of the anode side of the chlorine-generating cell. 
         [0089]    In yet another preferred embodiment, the apparatus further includes: a reverse osmosis system, connected to the brine tank, the reverse osmosis system including: a reverse osmosis housing connected to the brine tank, a pre-sediment filter connected to the reverse osmosis housing, a reverse osmosis cartridge disposed within the reverse osmosis housing, and an inline restrictor connected to the reverse osmosis housing, wherein household water enters the pre-sediment filter, and then flows into the reverse osmosis housing where the reverse osmosis cartridge serves to separate the water so that a more mineral-free water enters the precipitation tank, and so that the mineral laden water exits the reverse osmosis cartridge through the inline restrictor and into the mixing chamber. 
         [0090]    In another preferred embodiment, the brine tank further includes: a sealed mixing chamber, wherein a by-pass stream exiting the reverse osmosis system enters a restrictor and is then directed to the top of the sealed mixing chamber where the by-pass stream efficiently combines with chlorine gas and forms a chlorinated liquid that is then directed to the water being treated. In a further preferred embodiment, the sealed mixing chamber is mounted inside the brine tank above a highest water level within the brine tank, thereby eliminating leaks. 
         [0091]    In another further preferred embodiment, the apparatus includes: a precipitation tank, connected to the inside of the brine tank, wherein a more mineral-free water that has exited the reverse osmosis cartridge is mixed with a high pH liquid that is pumped from the cathode electrode chamber of the chlorine-generating cell, thereby causing additional minerals in the more mineral-free water to precipitate to the bottom of the precipitation tank, resulting in a much softer water that then flows into the brine tank. In a still further preferred embodiment, the precipitation tank includes a pH valve that can be opened so as to allow some high pH water to be directed to waste, thereby lowering the pH of the chlorinated liquid exiting the unit. 
         [0092]    In another further preferred embodiment, the cathode electrode compartment of the chlorine-generating cell produces a high pH solution, which is pumped from the cathode electrode chamber to the precipitation tank, and is then mixed with the reduced-mineral water exiting the reverse osmosis cartridge, thereby causing dissolved minerals to precipitate to the bottom of the precipitation tank, thereby substantially reducing the amount of dissolved minerals entering the brine tank. 
         [0093]    In a preferred embodiment, the chlorine-generating cell includes: a chlorine-generating cell container that: separates the un-dissolved salt in the bottom of the brine tank from the brine water, while allowing the brine water to enter an intake of the anode electrode chamber of the chlorine generating cell, the intake being located in the bottom portion of the cell container, thereby preventing un-dissolved salt from entering the intake of the anode electrode chamber of the chlorine-generating cell; and allows softened mild salt water at the top of the chlorine-generating cell container to be directed to the intake of the cathode electrode chamber of the chlorine-generating cell. In a further preferred embodiment, the chlorine-generating cell container has a series of small holes in its side wall, and is sealed at the bottom so as to form a pocket that discourages chlorinated brine water returning from the dewatering device from migrating throughout the bottom of the brine tank, thereby improving efficiency of production of chlorine gas delivered to the dewatering device, and thereby minimizing the amount of chlorine fumes escaping from the brine tank. 
         [0094]    In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus further includes a cell-cleaning reservoir, connected to the a chlorine-generating cell, the cell cleaning reservoir storing an acidic solution that is sent to: the chlorine-generating cell, the mixing chamber, and plumbing going to a body of water to be treated. 
         [0095]    In another preferred embodiment, the apparatus further includes a cell-cleaning reservoir, connected to the chlorine-generating cell, the cell cleaning reservoir having an air injection fitting that can be used to attach a compressed air source that can be used to empty the cell-cleaning reservoir of solution by injecting compressed air. 
         [0096]    In a further preferred embodiment, the cell-cleaning reservoir includes: an electrical circuit that can be programmed to periodically activate the release of household water into the cell-cleaning reservoir which in turn forces a portion of the acidic solution from the cell-cleaning reservoir so as to clean: the chlorine-generating cell, the mixing chamber, and the plumbing going to the body of water to be treated. In a further preferred embodiment, the apparatus includes a solid state power supply with thermal protection that incorporates full voltage regulation, such that when the acidic solution is injected into the chlorine-generating cell, the acid will not cause an electrical overload. 
         [0097]    In a further preferred embodiment, the apparatus includes: a solid state power supply that can react to information delivered by a controlling unit capable of sensing at least one of the readings of the water being treated, including: pH, chlorine, and copper/silver ions. 
         [0098]    In another further preferred embodiment, the apparatus includes: a solid state power supply that has an optional circuit having a 24-hour programmable timer; and a pulsating circuit controlling device adapted to power an ionizing copper/silver cell installed in a circulating system of the body of water being treated. 
         [0099]    In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus further includes: a check valve, installed in a chlorine exit line connected to the chlorine-generating cell, the check valve preventing back-up water from back-flowing into the unit when the same line for delivering make up water is used for adding chlorine from the unit. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0100]    The present invention may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying figures, wherein: 
           [0101]      FIG. 1  is view of a right side of the outside of the brine tank and the outside of the power supply cabinet; 
           [0102]      FIG. 2  is a front cut-away view of cell container showing submerged cell; 
           [0103]      FIG. 3  is a top view of components inside of brine tank; 
           [0104]      FIG. 4  is a front view of components comprising acid reservoir located in brine tank; 
           [0105]      FIG. 5  is a top view of outside of power supply cabinet with cut-away view showing some internal parts; 
           [0106]      FIG. 6  is a cut-away side view of heat exchanger attached under power supply; 
           [0107]      FIG. 7  is a cut-away side view of components of mixer located inside brine tank; 
           [0108]      FIG. 8  is a cut-away side view of copper/silver ionizing cell and venturi for installation on commercial pools; 
           [0109]      FIG. 9  is a side view of standard pool fill line modified to deliver chlorinated water to body of water to be sanitized; 
           [0110]      FIG. 10  is a side view of pool deck with tube and pipe to deliver chlorine to pool through float in pool; 
           [0111]      FIG. 11  is a top view of equipment pad with separate line to deliver chlorinated products to pool; 
           [0112]      FIG. 12A  is a diagram of installation using a booster pump and venturi injectors to deliver chlorinated products to pool; and 
           [0113]      FIG. 12B  is a diagram of installation using a flow control valve and venturi injector to deliver chlorinated products to pool. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0114]      FIG. 1  Provides a right side view of the brine tank of the invention. The power supply cabinet  160  is mounted on top of the brine tank  13 . The incoming tap water.  30  enters the pre-sediment filter  32  through fitting  31 . Water exits the pre-sediment filter  32  flows through fitting  33 , then the water flows through tube  34  to fitting  35 ; then it enters brine tank  13  through fitting  35 . Water exits top of brine tank  13  through tube  40  and goes to water tee  41 . The two sides of the tee direct water as follows: 
         [0115]    Water exits one side of the incoming water tee fitting  41  enters water “in” fitting  101  of the cleaning solenoid valve, flows through cleaning solenoid valve  102  and exits through fitting  103 . Water then enters the top of the brine tank  13  through cleaning water tube hole  105 , goes Out through tube  106  and connects to Teflon tee  107  which connects to “in” PVC fitting  139  (see  FIG. 4 ) and delivers water to acid reservoir  140 . 
         [0116]    The other side of tee  41  connects to water “in” fitting  43 . Water enters the water solenoid valve  44  through fitting  43 . The water exits the water solenoid valve  44  through tubing connected to water exit fitting  45 . The tubing then goes through top hole  46  in top of brine tank  13 . The water then enters the heat exchanger  47  (see  FIG. 9 ) through water entrance fitting  48 . The water exits the heat exchanger  47  through water exit fitting  49  and comes to the outside of the brine tank  13  through water exit fitting  55  and is delivered by reverse osmosis “in” tube  56 , to reverse osmosis threaded end cap  57 , then to the reverse osmosis unit  58 . Water exits the reverse osmosis unit  58  through two fittings as follows: 
         [0117]    1. The by-pass water exits the reverse osmosis unit  58  through by-pass exit fitting  70  through black exit tube  71  to inline flow restrictor  72 . By-pass water then enters the inline flow restrictor  72 , and then flows through Teflon fitting  73 . The water then enters water p-trap fitting  75 . The water then goes through the brine tank  13 , through by-pass “in” fitting  76  and enters the mixer  210  (see  FIG. 8 ) on the inside of the brine tank  13 . The bypass water is mixed with chlorine gas in the mixer  210  (see  FIG. 7 ) and then the chlorinated liquid exits the unit through the chlorine exit tee  14 . The chlorinated water then enters the PVC chlorine exit pipe  15  and flows down from PVC chlorine exit pipe  15  through a PVC ball check valve  16 , and then through another PVC chlorine exit pipe  17  to a PVC p-trap  18 . The chlorinated liquid then exits the system through chlorine exit line  19  and flows to the pool. 
         [0118]    2. The softened water exits the reverse osmosis unit  58  through 90° water fitting  59  and flows through softened water tube  60 , which is connected to 90° fitting  61 , which goes through the wall of the brine tank  13 . The softened water then continues through softened water tube  60  and discharges into the precipitation tank  128  ( FIG. 3 ) through softened water discharge fitting  62 . 
         [0119]    The by-pass water is mixed with chlorine gas in the mixer  210 ; (see  FIG. 7 ) then the chlorinated water exits the unit through the chlorine exit tee  14 . (See  FIG. 1 ) The chlorinated water enters PVC chlorine exit pipe  15 , flows down from chlorine exit through a PVC chlorine ball check valve  16 , through another PVC chlorine exit pipe  17  to PVC p-trap  18 . Then the chlorinated liquid exits the system through a chlorine exit line  19  and goes to the pool. 
         [0120]    Extending upwards from the chlorine exit tee  14  is a vent pipe  25 . At the top of the vent pipe  25 , there is a vent pipe 180° bend  26  and the vent pipe continues down ending near the bottom of the outside of the brine tank  13 . 
         [0121]      FIG. 2  Electronic cell in the cell container. The cell container  111  (see  FIG. 2 ) is a 6-inch PVC pipe that prevents un-dissolved salt from entering the anode intake fitting  122 . The bottom of the container is sealed with a 6″ cap  112  that keeps the chlorinated water (which is returning from the de-watering pipe  117 ) from spreading throughout the bottom of the brine tank  13 . This process minimizes the amount of chlorine that can build up in the bottom of the brine tank  13 . A series of holes  113  are drilled into the cell container  111  just above the 6-inch PVC cell container cap  112  to allow only the salt water to enter the cell container  111 . The electrolytic cell  120  is submerged in the cell container  111 . Hole  114 , drilled slightly below the level of the softened fresh water level  123 , allows softened fresh water to stay at the top of the cell container  111  while the heavier salt water remains at the bottom. The cathode inlet  132  of the electrolytic cell  120  takes in this fresh, softened water, pumps it through the cathode chamber  124  of the electrolytic cell  120  and discharges it through Teflon tube  127  ( FIGS. 2 and 3 ) into cathode discharge fitting  129  on the top side of the precipitation tank  128  ( FIG. 3 ). Softened brine water enters the electrolytic cell&#39;s anode intake fitting  122  and is pumped up through Teflon anode discharge tube  119  into the de-watering device  121  through de-watering fitting  118 . The unused softened brine water drops back to the bottom of the electrolytic cell  120 , through PVC de-watering pipe  117  and is recycled through the anode chamber  134  of the electrolytic cell  120 . The chlorine gas separates from the softened brine water and rises to the top of the de-watering device  121  and then flows to the top of the mixer  210  (see  FIGS. 7 &amp; 3 ) by the Teflon chlorine gas tube  130 . Selective membrane  125  (see  FIG. 2 ) keeps the reactions that occur in the cathode chamber  124  separate from the reactions that occur in the anode chamber  134  of the electrolytic cell  120 . Because of this separation, the liquid exiting the anode chamber  134  through Teflon anode discharge tube  119  is a mild acid and the liquid exiting the cathode chamber  124  through cathode exit Teflon tube  127  is a mild alkali. The gases created in each chamber rise to the top and enter the exit tubes  127  &amp;  119 . The gases then push a portion of the water up and out of both tubes in a percolating pumping action. Thus, without any moving parts, liquid and manufactured chemicals are pumped through both of the electrolytic cell chambers, anode chamber  134  and cathode chamber  124 , and are delivered internally to separate destinations. The fresh softened water level is indicated by fresh softened water level  123  and the salt level is indicated by salt level  133 . 
         [0122]      FIG. 3  The top view of inside of brine tank. Removable salt lid  12  allows salt to be poured into the brine tank  13 . The submerged end of the salt indicator rod  110  sits on top of the un-dissolved salt. The height of the rod above the salt lid  12  indicates the amount of un-dissolved salt remaining in the brine tank  13 . The cell cleaning reservoir  140  is attached to the side of the brine tank  13  by the same Teflon tee  107  (see  FIG. 1 ) that discharges water into the reservoir through PVC tee  139 . The acid is forced out of PVC pipe  141 . Most of the acid is directed to the cathode chamber through tube  143  (see  FIG. 3 ) to the electrolytic cell  120  through 90° acid fitting  145 . A small part of the acid is directed to Teflon tee  151  and is delivered to the mixer  210 . The acid cleans out mineral deposits from the mixer  10  and from the tubing to the pool as well as cleans the electrodes in the electrolytic cell  120 . The electrolytic cell  120  sits inside of the cell chamber  111  as described in ( FIG. 2 ). The cathode discharge tube  127  discharges into the precipitation tank  128  through cathode discharge fitting  129 . The softened water that has gone through the reverse osmosis unit  58  also discharges into the precipitation tank  128  through fitting  62 . When the two streams mix in the precipitation tank  128 , because of the high pH of the liquid delivered by the cathode, mineral that was not removed by the reverse osmosis unit  58  will precipitate to the bottom of the precipitation tank  128 . Thus, much more mineral free water is delivered to the brine tank  13 . The mixer  210  is a sealed container filled with a medium  214 . Chlorine gas and water enter the top of the mixer  210 . (See  FIG. 7 ) As the water and gas slowly work their way down through the medium, the water absorbs the chlorine gas, and the manufactured chemicals are then delivered to the pool in a liquid form. 
         [0123]      FIG. 4  Provides a view of the acid reservoir assemblies. The acid reservoir  140  is a tall sealed PVC chamber that is filled with acid. When the cleaning solenoid valve  102  ( FIG. 1 ) is activated by the power supply  161 , either electronically or manually, tap water is injected into the top of the acid reservoir  140  through fitting  139 . Tap water is lighter than acid so it forces acid out the bottom through PVC acid exit pipe  141 . The acid is then delivered to the electrolytic cell  120  and the mixer  210  as previously described. The PVC tee fitting  138  is used to secure the acid pipe  141  to the side wall of the brine tank  13 , which makes the unit more stable for service and shipping. Threaded cap  147  is removed for refilling the acid reservoir  140 . When the cleaning solenoid valve  102  is opened, water enters the top of the acid reservoir  140  through PVC fitting  139 . Threaded PVC cap  147  is removed in order to add acid to cleaning reservoir. A threaded air injection cap  109  (see  FIG. 1 ) can be affixed to the Teflon tee so that so that compressed air can be injected to remove old diluted acid. 
         [0124]      FIG. 5  Provides a top view of the power supply showing some internal parts 
         [0125]    The aluminum power supply cabinet  160  is mounted on top of the brine tank  13  cabinet (see  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 ) and is comprised of: a 24 hour timer  1 , a low voltage ampere meter  2 , a fuse holder  3 , a manual acid cleaning switch  4  for cleaning the cell, a cleaning solenoid valve  102  and an incoming water solenoid valve  44  for turning water “on” to supply the unit, a water cooled heat exchanger  47 , a pressure switch  104  to turn “off” the power supply unit  161  in the event water flow is interrupted. 
         [0126]      FIG. 6  Provides a view of the heat exchanger. The aluminum heat exchanger  47  is rectangular tubing that is welded shut at each end. Water enters one side of the bottom through water entrance fitting  48  and exits the other side of the bottom through water exit fitting  49 . This exit fitting  49  extends to the top of the heat exchanger  47  so that water only exits when exchanger is full of water. In this manner, maximum cooling is accomplished. A thermal grease is applied between the top surface of the heat exchanger  47  and the bottom of the power supply cabinet  160  to aid in the removal of heat generated by power supply circuitry  161  without exposing the electronic circuitry to corrosive air. 
         [0127]      FIG. 7  The mixer. The mixer  210  is a device that allows the gas and liquids sufficient time to mix and become a chlorinated liquid that is delivered to the pool. It is constructed from PVC pipe and fittings. It has a PVC tee with an opening  211  at the top where chlorine gas and acid enter. There are two threaded nipples ( 212  and  218 ) that attach the mixer through the wall of the brine tank  13 . The nipples are extended to the back wall of the mixer with perforated PVC pipe  213 . The inside of the mixer  210  is filled with a medium  214 , which also encompass the perforated pipes  213 . By-pass water enters the mixer  210  through the upper threaded nipple  212  and chlorinated liquid  217  exits through the lower threaded nipple  218 . 
         [0128]    Internally, there are two perforated disks  215  that allow liquid to flow through them but retain the medium  214  in their proper place. Overflow water from the brine tank  13  enters the bottom of the mixer at  216 . The liquid and manufactured chemicals gravity feed out of the lower threaded nipple  218  through the wall of the brine tank  13  on their way to the pool. 
         [0129]      FIG. 8  Provides a view of a manifold loop containing a copper/silver ionizing cell and a venturi. The manifold loop configuration is placed in the return line of the pool after the water has passed through the pool filtering system. The manifold loop contains a flow restrictor  235  that is placed inline between two tees: the upstream tee  234  and the downstream tee  237 . The flow restrictor forces part of the filtered pool water up through tee  234 . The filtered water then passes through the copper/silver ionizing cell  199 , by the flow-sensing switch  238  and then down through a venturi injector  240 . As the water goes through the venturi, it creates suction. The suction port  241  is connected to the chlorine exit fitting  19  (see  FIG. 1 ) of the invention. Chemicals created by the invention are drawn into the venturi  240  and are mixed with both the filtered pool water and the copper/silver ions created in the ionizing cell  199 . The treated water then returns through tee  237 , which is downstream from the flow restrictor  235 , and is delivered to the pool through the pool return line. The copper/sliver ionizing cell  199  is comprised of a molded housing  232  that is open at both ends allowing room for water to pass through. At the top end is a coupler  233 . At the bottom is a square male fitting  200  that is glued to bottom of cell housing  232  during final assembly. The square male fitting also has a coupler  233  so the completed cell can be removed for service or replacement. Inside the cell housing  232 , two sides are grooved so that the titanium electrodes  198  can be held in position. Copper/silver electrodes  201  are attached to the titanium electrodes  198 . The electrodes are connected to the power supply  161  (see  FIG. 5 ) by a molded power cord  202 . Water laden with copper and silver ions combines with chemicals created by the invention, and is mixed in the manifold  236  and is delivered to the pool through the return line. Adjustable power from the power supply circuit  161  (see  FIG. 5 ) is introduced to the copper/silver electrodes  201 . The copper/silver cell  199  is timed separately from the chlorine electrolytic cell. Because of the flow-sensing switch,  238 , neither cell will come on if the filter pump is not moving sufficient water through the manifold loop. The molded PVC housing  232  has a compartment  231  for three electrodes. The electrode in the center is a titanium electrode  198  and the copper/silver electrodes  201  are on either side. The copper/silver electrodes are attached to a titanium electrode  198  that is held in position inside the housing  232  by molded grooves and the cell power connector  239  that exits the housing  232 . One or more copper/silver ionizing cells  199  can be installed in the manifold loop. PVC couplers  233  are installed so that the cells and venturi can easily be removed for service or replacement. Depending on the demands and the amount of the water being treated, the size and number of copper/silver electrodes and electrolytic cells can be changed to meet various demands. A power cord  202  is connected to the cell power connector  239  which connects the cell to the remote power supply  161  (see  FIG. 5 ). When the copper/silver cell is installed with the invention, the power supply  160  (see  FIG. 5 ) has two 24-hour timers  1  (see  FIG. 5 ) that work independently so that the amount of ions delivered by the copper/sliver cell  199  and the chemicals created by the electrolytic cell  120  (see  FIG. 2 ) can be delivered to the water being treated in different amounts depending on the sanitation demands of the water (this also will be in the second application) I still feel it could all be in one application but I will go with your advice so long as it does not delay the second application for weeks and weeks) 
         [0130]      FIG. 9  Installation of the unit using a pool fill line: provides a view of a typical swimming pool filling system. A saddle valve  169  (or some means to reduce household water to a ¼ inch tubing  168 ) is installed on the household water line  170 . Household water enters an anti-siphon valve  171 . When the invention is installed using the pool fill line, a PVC p-trap  172  is installed downstream from the anti-siphon valve  171  to prevent any chlorine fumes from getting to the anti-siphon valve  171 . The chlorinated liquid coming from the invention enters the PVC tee “in” fitting  173  and gravity feeds to the pool. An option to the chlorine “in” fitting  173  is a venturi tee injection fitting  176  that is modified so that when water is being added to the pool through the fill line it creates suction from the chlorine line side of the tee. Usually a fill line extension  175  is added to the pool&#39;s fill line so that the liquid coming from the invention drips directly into the pool water without drooling down the tile. 
         [0131]      FIG. 10  When the fill line is copper or when a pool does not have a fill line, a dispersing float  155  is placed in the pool water and is attached to a Teflon chlorine tube  156 . The tube goes through a hole drilled into the coping stone  157 . The tube is then installed through the pool decking expansion joint  158 , then is routed to the invention using PVC piping  159 . In the case where no expansion joint is available, the pool decking can be notched and silicon can be used to hide the Teflon tubing. 
         [0132]      FIG. 11  The installation of the unit using a separate line from the equipment pad 
         [0133]    During the construction of the pool, a separate chlorine pipe  180  is installed that exits the side of the pool through a wall fitting  179 . Usually the line is a 1½ to 2 inch. PVC pipe that runs from the pool to the equipment pad providing that the pad is level with, or higher than, the water in the pool. Where the pipe protrudes out of the equipment pad, two PVC tees are installed. One tee, the chlorine reducing tee  181 , is installed leading to a Teflon ¼″ fitting  183  for the chlorinated liquid to enter the chlorine pipe  180  at the equipment pad. The other is the filtered water PVC tee  188 , which is installed on the chlorine pipe  180  at the equipment pad. A PVC pipe  190  is connected between filtered water tee  191  and tee  188  that provides a small adjustable stream of filtered water. A check valve  189  is installed in pipe  190  to prevent air from entering the pool&#39;s filter and pumping system when the filter pump is in the “off” position. A flow control valve  193  is installed in line  190 . A separate chlorine line  180  is extended up approximately 18 inches and a PVC cap  186  is installed. The cap has a small vent hole  184  in it. 
         [0134]      FIG. 12  The installation of the unit using a venturi injector. When the unit is installed on a commercial pool (where the equipment is in a room removed from the immediate pool area) and the owner wants the unit installed in the pool equipment room, it becomes necessary to inject the chlorine into the pool&#39;s return line as it exits the equipment room. This is done by installing a tee  225  in the pool&#39;s return line just after it exits from the pool&#39;s filter  226 . A portion of the filtered water is directed to a booster pump  227 . High-pressure water is directed to a PVC manifold  224  where one or more venturi injectors  228  are installed. A venturi injector flow valve  229  is installed to adjust the flow through the venturi injectors  228 . There is a pressure gauge  231  installed on each side of the flow valve  229 . When the flow valve  229  is adjusted, the difference in the pressure gauge readings indicates the proper flow through the venturi injectors  228 . Suction caused by the high rate of flow going through the venturi injectors  228  and is transferred to venturi suction fittings  230   
         [0135]    The chlorinated liquid coming from one or more units is directed to the suction fitting  230 . The chlorinated water is then mixed with the filtered water exiting the venturi injectors  228  through the manifold  224  and is directed back into the pool return line through pool fitting  223  before it leaves the pool equipment. The booster pump  227  is wired to operate only when the pool filter pump is operating and the inventions timers are set to operate only during the same time as the booster pump. On a smaller pool, a venturi  238  can be installed without a booster pump by installing a filter exit tee  233  after the water leaves the filter  237  and then installing an inline flow valve  234  in the pool return line and another filter water entrance tee  235  on the down-stream side of the flow valve.  234 . A bypass manifold  236  is installed with a venturi  238  installed inline. Partially closing the inline flow valve forces filtered water through the venturi  239 , which creates suction on line  240 , which draws the chlorinated liquid from the invention into the pool return line  241 .