Abstract:
An apparatus and method for generating and allowing the generation of tramline procedures while planting and/or subsequent agricultural operations is disclosed which benefits from the use of GPS systems.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates generally to apparatus and methods for generating tramlines, particularly for automatically generating tramlines. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0002]    Tramlines are open tracks intentionally left unseeded in fields of cultivated crops. They have become increasingly more important as markers or guides in the fields, while spraying herbicides or other chemicals, in order to eliminate spray overlaps and skips. With high cost, low dose chemicals, overlaps result in increased chemical cost and potential crop injury, while skips result in untreated areas. Also, tramlines enable spraying under poor lighting conditions and thereby make it possible to take advantage of cool, calm spraying conditions at dusk and/or at nighttime. Spraying at night or early morning is advantageous because less water is needed, as evaporation is less of a problem and dew may be taken advantage of. Further, the stoma openings on the plants&#39; leaves are open, therefore less chemical is needed to provide the desired results. Further, as no seeds are planted in the tramlines, anything growing in the tramlines indicates the presence of weeds or other unwanted plants. 
         [0003]    Also, and perhaps more importantly, tramlines are utilized as a pathway for wheels of agricultural implements. Tramlines permit taking multiple trips across a field without creating additional wheel tracks and therefore inhibits what would otherwise be excessive soil compaction over a widespread area. Also, driving on plants results in uneven maturation, which may be detrimental to the ability to readily harvest the crop. Accordingly, tramlines permit multiple trips across a field such as, for example, when top dressing nitrogen late in the season to boost yields and to enhance the protein content in a good year, or when applying fungicides and growth regulators, and the like, all without creating additional wheel tracks. 
         [0004]    In the past, tramlines were generated by plugging certain dispensing units of planting drills, or by simply not having a dispensing unit installed at various points on the planter, corresponding to the rows where the tramlines were desired. However, the operating equipment was incapable of placing the tramlines in exactly the same location from year to year. Accordingly, prior art tramlining was not effective in preventing soil compaction. 
         [0005]    Thus, a need exists to provide an apparatus and method for generating tramlines for the wheels of agricultural vehicles to follow, which would allow wheel tracks to be repeatedly run directly over the same unplanted rows, enabling improved spraying and cultivation. 
         [0006]    The transfer of global positioning (GPS) technologies to civilian industry has greatly assisted in meeting financial challenges presented by today&#39;s precision agricultural needs. Systems typically achieve meter-level accuracy by utilizing differential GPS (DGPS) position corrections transmitted from fixed base stations through, for example, moving map displays. Such systems allow for navigation and guidance of farm implements and systems using DGPS for applying fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides. However, such systems have generally been limited in their capabilities. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0007]    In accordance with the present invention, pathways for tramlines are generated from data stored in and retrieved from computer processing units which data is based upon predefined planting or seeding patterns on the field. An automatic guidance system tracks a first agricultural vehicle and generates a tramline based upon the driven pathway. Swaths for subsequent vehicles or for subsequent trips by the same vehicle are generated automatically based upon predefined patterns, such as, for example, the width of a spray application booms or the width of an agricultural implement&#39;s wheel base. The automatic guidance system can be, if desired, integrated with the planting system such that the automatic guidance system can determine which rows of the planter are to be turned off to produce the tramlines. The system then stores the information, and allows an operator to retrieve it at any time. The tramlines may serve as a guide for the wheels of a subsequent vehicle, such as a sprayer, to be used after planting. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0008]      FIG. 1  is a top schematic view of a tractor towed planter, followed by a sprayer with the boom making a swath around a field; 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  is a flow diagram of the automatic tramline device of the present invention; and 
           [0010]      FIG. 3  is an expanded side view of the side hopper portion of a planter showing the hose where seed is delivered to the planter. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0011]    The present invention uses corrected satellite-based positioning systems such as a corrected global positioning system not only as a guidance system for parallel runs up and down a field, but also as an information source to control additional actions. Using a corrected Real Time Kinetic (RTK) GPS that includes a local portable base station, the corrected GPS can locate a tractor to within less than an inch of a desired path. With this capability and the tractor location information transmitted to a computer that records it, the apparatus of the invention can store and can record precisely the tractor&#39;s present location and everywhere the tractor has been. It should be noted that the additional actions which are controlled by a corrected GPS operate well with differential global positioning systems (DGPS). 
         [0012]    This means that, for the preferred embodiment using a tractor towed planting drill  10 , while the first circumferential run around a field is being made around the edges of the field  1 , the planter control computer  102  is mapping the exact location of the boundaries of the field  1 . Furthermore, with the planting drill  10 , dimensions already entered into the computer  102  and sensors  106  on the tractor  12  and the towed planting drill  10 , to provide information to the computer  102  on the position, operation mode, and orientation of the drill  10 , the computer  102  records the dimensions of the portions of the field  1  that have already been planted. Of course, this also provides the computer  102  with the information needed to determine the exact area and location of the unplanted portion of the field  1  enclosed within that first circumferential cut. 
         [0013]    In accordance with this invention, individual dispensing units  15  will be either activated or deactivated in accordance with the dimensions of a predefined or predetermined wheel base, for subsequent spraying or other implements which are either towed or driven in a later run after planting. The GPS system  108  will also operate to record that swath in the computer  102  and the computer  102  will allow displaying the swath image on a monitor displayed in the tractor during the subsequent spraying run. 
         [0014]    Afterwards, while in automatic mode, a subsequently driven spray vehicle  20  with boom  30  can make circumferential runs, as well as parallel runs up and down the field  1 , until the entire field  1  has been sprayed. The computer  104  automatically steers the vehicle to follow the tramline pathway displayed on the monitor. It should also be noted that a spray vehicle can be employed without GPS and have the tramline function work effectively. 
         [0015]    If a planter  10  or subsequent sprayer  20  or other agricultural implement is aligned in its position of travel on the opposite side of a tractor, then a control module allows functional operation of the implement just as it reaches the yet untreated portion of the field. The control module  104  can reset the tractor transmission and bring the tractor back up to a speed appropriate for a long run down the field  1 , during which time the control module  104  and GPS  108  can maintain the apparatus in perfect position, relative to the desired tramline, to maintain a minimum overlap. 
         [0016]    It is likely that some operator intervention will be required, particularly at the end of the field  1 , for directional transitions or to avoid obstacles in the field  1 , so the apparatus of the invention does permit the operator to take over steering control and leave the computer  102  in control of other functions, particularly those involving opening or shutting off the planter dispensing units  15  on the planting drill  10  as well as opening or closing the spray hoses on the cultivator or spray boom  30 , and lifting and lowering the drill  10  and/or the boom  30 , or other agricultural implement. 
         [0017]    In one embodiment of the invention, the GPS system sensor controller  100  can be configured to identify a target according to a sensor  106  input and a position input. The apparatus of the invention may be self-propelled, as for example, a self-propelled sprayer as an alternative to being towed by a tractor. In either case, the target is the desired tramline. 
         [0018]    In general, the GPS sensor controller  100  includes a sensor package  104 / 106  configured to detect a characteristic of the tramline (for example, its location, width, depth, or other attribute) and a decision-making apparatus  102  is coupled thereto. The decision-making apparatus  102  or computer processing unit is configured to combine inputs from the sensor package, the precise positioning apparatus  108 , and a digital map of an operating area such as the field  1  in which the vehicle operates to produce a decision output. An actuator (not shown) within the vehicle is configured to respond to the decision output of the decision-making apparatus. 
         [0019]    With reference to  FIG. 1 , the present invention provides an apparatus and a method for controlling the formation of tramlines and for determining the location of tramlines during agricultural production. The apparatus includes a GPS  100  having a component  102  partially located on a planting machine  10  (or planting drill) and a component  104  substantially located on a subsequently driven agricultural machine  20  such as a tractor and/or spray boom  30 , or other agricultural implement. 
         [0020]    The planting or seedling machine  10  is adapted to plant seeds from individual dispensers  15  in a predetermined pattern. That predetermined pattern creates the tramline. 
         [0021]    A device  106 , such as a sensor, or control mechanisms for opening the planter units also senses whether seeds are going into the ground, is generally located on the planting machine  10 , senses the dispensers  15 . It senses whether the individual dispensers are open or closed during a planting operation and responsively produces position information signals. In the preferred embodiment, the planting machine position sensing device  106  communicates with a global positioning satellite (GPS) system  100 , illustrated in  FIG. 2  which receives signals from a number of GPS satellites (not shown) and determines the desired position using triangulation. In the preferred embodiment, its positioning includes a northing and easting location and elevation. Also, the device  106  for sensing the position of the planting machine  102  may communicate with instruments for determining the orientation of the machine  10 , such as tilt, pitch, and yaw sensors (not shown). 
         [0022]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , sensor  106  can trigger flow of seed from chopper  11  to a designated planting unit  15 . 
         [0023]    A receiver  108 , located in the component  104 , receives the position information signals, responsively transforms the position information signals to seed row locations and responsively constructs a database of the seed locations. 
         [0024]    In one embodiment, the agricultural machine  20  is operated autonomously. The stored location of the rows of either seeds or seedlings may be used to guide a subsequent spray boom  30 . The machine guidance system via receiver  104  receives the individual locations of the rows of seeds or seedlings, and determines a path through the rows that will not damage the seeds or seedlings, which rows define the tramline. In addition, the stored location of rows of seeds or seedlings may be used by the machine guidance system to position, for example, a spray boom  30  to avoid compacting the soil where seeds or seedlings are growing while the machine  20  is traversing the field. Based upon the speed of the machine  20 , its position, its relationship to the seedlings, the row locations may be dynamically determined or modified. 
         [0025]    The ability to display the location of seed or seedling rows is important for an on-board operator. In the preferred embodiment, as an operator guides an agricultural implement  20  through a field, the operator may be enabled to see an image of the swath of rows to be sprayed for enhanced safe guidance through the field without damaging the seedlings. For example, the display will provide a visual indication of the relationship between the wheels and the seedling rows or between spray boom nozzles and rows. Therefore, any necessary adjustments in position, may be performed by the operator. This illustrates only one embodiment of the many possible applications of the present invention. 
         [0026]    It will be understood that changes in the details, materials, steps, and arrangements of parts which have been described and illustrated to explain the nature of the invention will occur to and may be made by those skilled in the art upon a reading of this disclosure within the principles and scope of the invention. The foregoing description illustrates the preferred embodiment of the invention; however, concepts, as based upon the description, may be employed in other embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the following claims are intended to protect the invention broadly as well as in the specific form shown.