Abstract:
A dynamic mixer for mixing flowable media, which has a mixing chamber in a multipart housing is described. A plurality of inlets and an outlet of the mixing chamber are arranged on the housing, and a mixing shaft having a mixer section projects into the mixing chamber. The mixing shaft is mounted in a sliding bearing in the housing by means of a bearing section and passes through the housing with a drive section for coupling to a drive. To avoid dead spaces within the housing, the housing has a sealing hole for accommodating the drive section of the mixing shaft and a bearing hole for mounting the bearing section of the mixing shaft, where the sealing hole has a greater diameter than the bearing hole in order to accommodate a sealing means.

Description:
[0001]    This application is a continuation-in-part of and claims the benefit of priority from PCT application PCT/EP2011/072270 filed Dec. 9, 2011; German Patent Application DE 10 2010 055 860.5 filed Dec. 22, 2010; and German Patent Application DE 10 2011 010 517.4 filed Feb. 8, 2011, the disclosure of each is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    The invention concerns a dynamic mixer for mixing flowable media. 
         [0003]    With polymer processing, it is known that the properties of the polymers can be broadly affected by means of supplements. For this, it is normal to mix the supplements with the polymer. As supplements, additives, dyes, stabilizers, lubricants or other polymers can be mixed into the base polymer. It is also possible, however, to mix various supplementary agents, such as dyes, with one another prior to adding them to the polymer. For this, it is normal to use dynamic mixers, by means of which the media are mixed inside of a mixing chamber by means of a mixing shaft. 
         [0004]    Mixers of this type are described, for example, in the trade article “High-Efficiency-Dynamic Cavity Mixers for Polymer Processing,” F. Dickmeis, Chemical Fibre International, Vol. 57, 2007, Page 45 ff. There, a mechanical mixer is described as consisting of a multipart housing, in which a mixing chamber having a mixing shaft is disposed. The mixing shaft includes a mixing section extending into the mixing chamber, a bearing section, and a drive section extending out of the housing for coupling to a drive. The bearing section of the mixing shaft is disposed in the housing in a manner to accommodate a radial bearing such as a sliding bearing. 
         [0005]    With dynamic mixers of this type there are a number of more or less distinct dead spaces in the transitional region between the bearing section and the drive section of the mixing shaft in the housing, in which build-up of the media that is to be mixed collect. Build-up of this type can be used advantageously for lubricating the bearing section of the mixing shaft, but have, however, the disadvantage that, for example, following a color change, undesired impurities remain inside the mixing chamber. 
         [0006]    It is therefore an objective of the invention to provide a dynamic mixer for mixing flowable media, in which the housing is designed without any substantial dead spaces on the circumference of the mixing shaft having a direct connection to the mixing chamber. 
         [0007]    This objective may be obtained in accordance with the invention by providing a housing that includes a sealing hole for accommodating the drive section of the mixing shaft, and a bearing hole for supporting the bearing section of the mixing shaft and, for accommodating a sealing means, such that the sealing hole has a greater diameter than the bearing hole. 
         [0008]    Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined by the characteristics and combinations of characteristics described below. 
         [0009]    The invention has a particular advantage that there is a minimum of transitional zones in the housing between the bearing section of the mixing shaft and the drive section of the mixing shaft. Thus, the bearing hole for supporting the mixing shaft and the sealing hole for sealing the mixing shaft can be designed to be directly adjacent to one another within the housing, wherein an accommodation of the sealing means as far as the bearing hole is possible as a result of the larger sealing hole. 
         [0010]    in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention and in order to improve the ease of assembly of the individual components, and at the same time, in order to minimize the transition zones between the bearing hole and the sealing hole, an interstice is incorporated in the housing between the bearing hole and the sealing hole. 
         [0011]    According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the bearing hole is formed in a separate bearing housing, and the sealing hole is formed in a separate sealing housing, wherein the housing parts are connected to one another by means of an interstice, such that they are pressure-sealed. In this manner, the design and production of the housing parts as well as the holes, adapted to the respective function thereof, is possible. 
         [0012]    It has been found that in mixing abrasive media, direct interaction between the sealing means and the medium, which is introduced into the bearing hole for a sliding bearing of the mixing shaft, is to be prevented as much as possible in order to avoid the occurrence of increased wear to the sealing means. In this respect, the invention is preferably implemented in which a supporting ring is associated with the sealing means on the circumference of the mixing shaft, by means of which the sealing means is braced against the bearing hole. And as a result movement of the sealing means is substantially prevented so that the sealing means does not end up in a bearing gap between the housing and the mixing shaft as a result of gap extrusion. 
         [0013]    The sealing means is preferably designed as a packing gland, which is associated with a pressure spring. The pressure spring can be attached to the housing by means of a screw adapter, for example, in such a manner that the packing gland is tensioned by means of the pressure spring, thus holding it against the support ring. By this means, on one hand, a uniform friction effect on the circumference of the mixing shaft can be generated, and on the other hand, a high degree of sealing is obtained. 
         [0014]    In order to ensure that the mixing shaft can rotate with the greatest degree of uniform frictional behavior within the bearing hole, one embodiment of the invention provides a lubricant hole opening into the bearing hole and connected to one of the inlets associated with the bearing hole. By this means it is possible to feed a medium supplied to the mixer directly to the bearing hole, and thereby the sliding bearing. By means of the pressure difference acting on the mixing chamber it is therefore possible to generate a constant lubricant flow toward the mixing chamber. 
         [0015]    Depending on the design of the mixing shaft in the region of the mixing section, it may be desirable if the mixing shaft is guided in the mixing chamber without any substantial axial motion. For this, one embodiment of the invention includes an axial bearing outside of the sealing hole and associated with the drive section of the mixing shaft, which is retained by means of an adapter housing connected to the sealing housing. By this means both internal and external axial forces to the mixing shaft can be accommodated. In addition, by this means motion of the mixing shaft, generated by means of gravity, is also prevented in a vertical assembly. 
         [0016]    For this it has been shown that an additional seal with respect to the axial bearing is advantageous for preventing any leaks occurring via the mixing shaft leading outward. Thus, it is provided that on the circumference of the drive section of the mixing shaft, between the axial bearing and the sealing means, a shaft seal and an annular chamber are formed, wherein the annular chamber can be filled with a sealing medium. By this means a full sealing against the exterior is created. 
         [0017]    For intensive mixing of the media within the mixing chamber, a groove system is preferably implemented, wherein circumferential grooves on the circumference of the mixing shaft and the housing grooves normally interact. For the design of housing grooves of this sort, one embodiment of the invention includes a mixing chamber formed by means of numerous housing rings, which are retained in the housing in a pressure-sealed manner, and which, together with the mixing section in the mixing shaft, form a groove system within the mixing chamber. 
         [0018]    The housing rings are preferably disposed between an outlet housing and the bearing housing, wherein the mixing chamber extends from the bearing housing to the outlet housing. 
         [0019]    The inlets for the supplying of the media are preferably formed directly on the bearing housing, such that the outlet is integrated at the end of the mixing chamber at the outlet housing. 
         [0020]    The dynamic mixer according to the invention is preferably used for the processing of polymers. There is also the possibility that a polymer and a supplementary substance, or only supplementary substances, such as liquid dyes, for example, are mixed. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0021]    The dynamic mixer according to the invention shall be explained in greater detail in the following based on a few embodiments, with reference to the attached figures. 
           [0022]      FIG. 1  shows schematically a cross-section view of a first embodiment of the mixer according to the invention. 
           [0023]      FIG. 2  shows schematically, a cross-section view of another embodiment of the mixer according to the invention. 
           [0024]      FIG. 3  shows schematically, a cross-section view of another embodiment of the mixer according to the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0025]    In  FIG. 1 . a first embodiment of a dynamic mixer for mixing flowable media is depicted schematically in a cross-section view. The mixer includes a multipart housing  1 , comprising an inner mixing chamber  8  and a mixing shaft  7 . The housing  1  is cylindrical in shape, and is comprised of a sealing housing  2 , a bearing housing  3 , numerous housing rings  4  and an outlet housing  5 . The housing parts  2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  5  are connected to one another in a pressure-sealed manner by means of numerous screws  30 . For this purpose, numerous sealing rings  17  are disposed between the housing parts. 
         [0026]    The mixing chamber  8  extends between the bearing housing  3  and the outlet housing  5 , wherein the housing rings  4  form the actual mixing space in the mixing chamber  8 . By this means, an inlet end of the mixing chamber  8  is formed within the bearing housing  3 . An outlet end of the mixing chamber  8  is formed by means of the outlet housing  5 . An outlet  16  is disposed on the outlet housing  5  at the outermost end surface, which opens directly into the mixing chamber  8 . 
         [0027]    Numerous inlets  13 . 1  and  13 . 2  are associated with the inlet end of the mixing chamber  8  at the bearing housing  3 , which are each connected to the mixing chamber  8  via an inlet channel  15 . 1  and  15 . 2 . 
         [0028]    A mixing shaft is rotatably retained within the mixing chamber  8 , which extends inward with a mixing section  7 . 1  into the mixing chamber  8 . The mixing section  7 . 1  is followed by a bearing section  7 . 2  and a drive section  7 . 3 , such that the mixing shaft  7  passes through the bearing housing  3  and the sealing housing  2 , in order that it may be coupled to a drive, such as an electric motor, at its free end of the drive section  7 . 3 . 
         [0029]    The mixing section  7 . 1  of the mixing shaft  7  is adapted in terms of its diameter to the mixing chamber  8 , wherein the mixing section  7 . 1  of the mixing shaft  7  includes numerous mixing grooves  19  on its circumference, which form a groove system  18  together with numerous housing grooves  20  formed in the housing rings  4 . The housing grooves  20  are formed for this purpose in sections on the inner circumference of the housing rings  4 . The mixing grooves  19  on the circumference of the mixing section  7  are formed such that they are distributed over the entire circumference of the mixing shaft, and are oriented along the radial axis thereof. In the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 1 , the groove system  18  in the mixing chamber  8  is formed by a total of six housing rings  4 . The number of housing rings  4 , as well as the length of the mixing section  7 . 1  of the mixing shaft  7  are arbitrary, and only depicted here by way of example. 
         [0030]    On the inlet end of the mixing chamber  8 , the bearing housing  3  includes a bearing hole  9 , designed to be concentric to the mixing chamber  8 . The bearing hole  9  extends as far as an interstice  29 , formed between the bearing housing  3  and the sealing housing  2 . The bearing section  7 . 2  of the mixing shaft  7  is supported within the bearing housing  3  by a sliding bearing. A lubricant channel  14  is formed at the end of the bearing hole  7 . 2  in the region of the interstice  29 , which connects the bearing hole  9  with the inlet  13 . 1 . A medium running through the inlet  13 . 1  is supplied via the lubricant channel  14  to the bearing hole  9 , and thus to the sliding bearing for the mixing shaft  7 . 
         [0031]    The sealing housing  2  is joined directly to the bearing housing  3  at the interstice  29 . The sealing housing  2  includes a sealing hole  10 , which is formed such that it is concentric to the bearing hole  9 , and separated from the bearing hole  9  by means of the interstice  29 . The sealing hole  10  in the sealing housing  2  is designed to have a greater diameter than the bearing hole  9  in the bearing housing  3 . The mixing shaft  7  passes through the sealing hole  10  with its drive section  7 . 3 , which extends from the housing  1  with a free end. A sealing means in the form of a packing gland  11  is disposed on the circumference of the drive section  7 . 3  of the mixing shaft  7 , within the sealing housing  2 . A support ring  12  is associated with the packing gland  11  at the end facing the bearing housing  3 , which rests against the bearing housing  3 . At the opposite end, a pressure spring  25  acts on the packing gland  11 , which is attached to the sealing housing  2  by means of a screw adapter  26 . The screw adapter  26  is threaded into an inner threading  31  formed in the sealing housing  2  on the end of the sealing hole  10 . The pressure spring  25  is clamped between an incremental diameter on the screw adapter  26  and the packing gland  11 . The packing gland  11  is retained on the supporting ring  12  through tension by means of the pressure spring  25 . 
         [0032]    The screw adapter  26  is formed on an adapter housing  6 , which extends outside of the sealing housing  2 , and sheathes the drive section  7 . 3  of the mixing shaft  7 . An axial bearing  21  is disposed in the intermediate space between the drive section  7 . 3  and a housing wall  32  of the adapter housing  6 , fixed in place by means of numerous retaining rings  22 . 1  and  22 . 2  on the circumference of the mixing shaft  7  and the housing wall  32 . The drive section  7 . 3  of the mixing shaft  7  preferably includes, for this purpose, a diameter step for enabling an axial fixing of the mixing shaft within the housing  1 . 
         [0033]    In the embodiment of the dynamic mixer depicted in  FIG. 1 , when in operation, the free end of the drive section  7 . 3  of the mixing shaft  7  is connected to a drive such that the mixing shaft  7  can be driven at a predetermined rotational rate within the housing  1 . When in operation, two different flowable media are supplied to the mixer via the inlets  13 . 1  and  13 . 2 , which are fed via the inlet channels  15 . 1  and  15 . 2  into the mixing chamber. Within the mixing chamber, which is designed in a cylindrical shape, a mixing of the two media is generated by means of rotating the mixing shaft  7 . 
         [0034]    As a result, an intensive redistribution of the outer and inner layers is achieved by means of the groove system  18 . The mixture of the two media is discharged at the end of the mixing chamber  8 . 
         [0035]    The mixing shaft  7  is directly supported in a sliding bearing when in operation by means of the bearing section  7 . 2  in the bearing hole  9  of the bearing housing  3 . In order to prevent this from running dry, the medium flowing into the inlet  13 . 1  is constantly supplied with a partial flow from the bearing hole via the lubrication channel  24 . For this, it is ensured, by means of the adjacent sealing hole  10  on the sealing housing  2  as well as the sealing means  11  and  12  contained therein, that the partial flow can exclusively penetrate the bearing gap in the bearing hole  9 . A lubricating flow is formed within the bearing gap formed between the mixing shaft  7  and the bearing hole  9 , which is directed toward the mixing chamber  8 . In this manner, the mixer itself can again be used directly following a change in media. Already after a short period, the residue still remaining in the bearing gap can be rinsed out. There are no dead spaces located in the transitional region between the bearing housing and the sealing housing in which undesired residual quantities of old media can collect. Thus the dynamic mixer in accordance with the embodiment according to  FIG. 1  is particularly suited for mixing a system of liquid dyes, which are frequently subjected to change. 
         [0036]    Another embodiment of the dynamic mixer according to the invention is schematically depicted in  FIG. 2 , in a cross-section view. This embodiment is substantially identical to the aforementioned embodiment according to  FIG. 1 , such that at this point only the differences shall be explained, and otherwise, reference is made to the previous description. 
         [0037]    The substantially cylindrically designed housing  1  is formed in this embodiment from multiple components, comprising a sealing housing  2 , a bearing housing  3 , numerous housing rings  4  and an outlet housing  5 . The mixing chamber formed in the interior of the housing components  2 ,  3 ,  4 , and  5 , and the mixing shaft  7  retained therein, are designed such that they are identical to the aforementioned embodiment. 
         [0038]    With the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 2 , the mixing chamber  8  has a total of three inlet channels  15 . 1 - 15 . 3  at the inlet end, which are connected to three inlets  13 . 1 - 13 . 3  formed on the circumference of the bearing housing  3 . For this, a lubrication channel  14  opens into the inlet channel  15 . 1 , which connects the bearing hole  9  to the inlet  13 . 1 . 
         [0039]    The mixing shaft  7  is likewise designed to be identical to the aforementioned embodiment, and is supported by means of the bearing section  7 . 2  in the bearing housing  3 , and sealed against the external environment together with the drive section  7 . 3  in the sealing housing  2 . 
         [0040]    In order to obtain a complete seal on the mixing shaft extending outward, a shaft seal  23  is associated with the axial bearing  21  on the inner surface within the adapter housing  6  in the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 2 . Between the shaft seal  23  and the sealing means resting against the bearing housing  3 , an annular chamber  24  is formed between the mixing shaft  7  and the adapter housing  6 . The annular chamber  24  is coupled, by means of numerous filling channels  28 , to a filling inlet  27  formed on the circumference of the sealing housing  2 . The filling inlet  27  is sealed by means of a plug  33 . A sealing medium is first supplied via the filler inlet  27  into the annular channel  24 . The sealing liquid thereby fills the entire free space between the packing gland  11  and the shaft seal  23 . In this respect, a high degree of sealing can be generated on the mixing shaft  7 . A solvent is preferably used as the sealing medium, which dissolves possible leakages of the medium being treated in the mixer. 
         [0041]    The operation of the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 2  is identical to the operation of the embodiment according to  FIG. 1 , such that there shall be no further explanation thereof at this point. 
         [0042]    Another embodiment of the dynamic mixer for the mixing of flowable media is schematically depicted in  FIG. 3  in a cross-section view. The embodiment is identical in its function and its construction to the embodiment according to  FIG. 1 , and differs only in the design of the cylindrical housing  1 . In this respect, only the differences to the aforementioned embodiment shall be explained in the following, and otherwise, reference is made to the previous description. 
         [0043]    With the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 3 , the cylindrical housing  1  is comprised of a bearing housing  3 , numerous housing rings  4  and an outlet housing  4 . The housing parts  3 ,  4 , and  5  are connected in a pressure-sealed manner by means of numerous screws  30 . For this, numerous sealing rings  17  are disposed between the housing parts  3 ,  4 , and  5 . 
         [0044]    In order to accommodate a mixing shaft  7 , the bearing housing  3  includes a bearing hole  9 , designed to be concentric to a mixing chamber  8 . The bearing hole  9  opens into a sealing hole  10 , which is designed to be concentric to the bearing hole  9 , and includes a greater outer diameter with respect to the bearing hole  9 . A step  34  is thus formed in the bearing housing  3  between the bearing hole  9  and the sealing hole  10 . 
         [0045]    The sealing hole  10  extends to an inner threading  31 , in which a screw adapter  26  is retained on the bearing housing  3 . 
         [0046]    In the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 3 , the sealing means is likewise formed within the sealing hole  9  by means of a packing gland  11 , which is retained against a support ring  12  by means of a pressure spring. The support ring  12  is disposed at the end of the sealing hole  10 , and rests against the step  34  with respect to the bearing hole  9 . The pressure spring  25  associated with the packing gland  11  is likewise retained thereby by means of the screw adapter  26  on the circumference of the mixing shaft  7  and in the bearing housing  3 . On the outside of the bearing housing  3 , the screw adapter  26  supports an axial bearing  21 , designed as a roller bearing, on the circumference of the mixing shaft  7 , by means of which the mixing shaft  7  is retained in a fixed manner within the housing  1  and, in particular, within the mixing chamber  8 . 
         [0047]    The displacement of the axial bearing to outside of the bearing housing  3  thus improves the optimization of the inner dead spaces on the circumference of the mixing shaft in the region of the sliding bearing. 
         [0048]    In the embodiments depicted in  FIGS. 1-3 , a packing gland is used as the sealing means, which, when in the spring tensioned state ensures a high degree of sealing and long periods of stability. Alternatively, there is also the possibility of using other sealing means such as, for example, shaft seals. 
         [0049]    The dynamic mixer according to the invention is thus distinguished by very limited dead spaces within the housing, in which a flowable medium can collect when in operation. Thus, the dynamic mixer is particularly suited for use in which different media can be mixed in a flexible manner when in operation. Thus, it is possible, for example, to undertake a color change in the mixing of dyes, and to implement a rinsing of the mixer in very short operating time periods. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 List of Reference Symbols 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 housing 
               
               
                 2 
                 sealing housing 
               
               
                 3 
                 bearing housing 
               
               
                 4 
                 housing rings 
               
               
                 5 
                 outlet housing 
               
               
                 6 
                 adapter housing 
               
               
                 7 
                 mixing shaft 
               
               
                 7.1 
                 mixing section 
               
               
                 7.2 
                 bearing section 
               
               
                 7.3 
                 drive section 
               
               
                 8 
                 mixing chamber 
               
               
                 9 
                 bearing hole 
               
               
                 10 
                 sealing hole 
               
               
                 11 
                 packing gland 
               
               
                 12 
                 support ring 
               
               
                 13.1, 13.2, 13.3 
                 inlet 
               
               
                 14 
                 lubricant channel 
               
               
                 15.1, 15.2 
                 inlet channel 
               
               
                 16 
                 outlet 
               
               
                 17 
                 sealing ring 
               
               
                 18 
                 groove system 
               
               
                 19 
                 mixing grooves 
               
               
                 20 
                 housing grooves 
               
               
                 21 
                 axial bearing 
               
               
                 22.1, 22.2 
                 retaining ring 
               
               
                 23 
                 shaft seal 
               
               
                 24 
                 ring chamber 
               
               
                 25 
                 pressure spring 
               
               
                 26 
                 screw adapter 
               
               
                 27 
                 filling inlet 
               
               
                 28 
                 filling channel 
               
               
                 29 
                 interstice 
               
               
                 30 
                 screw 
               
               
                 31 
                 inner threading 
               
               
                 32 
                 housing wall 
               
               
                 33 
                 plug 
               
               
                 34 
                 step