Abstract:
A procedure and implementations thereof are disclosed that significantly reduce the amount of time necessary to perform a virus scan. A file signature is created each time a file is modified (i.e., with each “file write” to that file). The file signature is inserted, with a date stamp, into the file attributes. The virus scan program checks the previously-created file signature against the virus signature file instead of creating the file signature for every file during the virus scan. Checks to ensure that the file signature is secure, and is valid and up to date, are also implemented. Only if the file signature is not valid and up-to-date does the virus scan program create a new file signature at the time of the running of the virus scan.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0002]     This invention relates to virus detection and protection systems and more particularly to a method and system for reducing the scan time required for detection of viruses.  
         [0003]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0004]     Among all computing and networking security issues, the most important cause of concern does not come from intrusions, but from the widespread proliferation of viruses. Viral infections represent the great majority of all security incidents and consume massive amounts of time and resources in their detection and in correcting problems associated with the execution of undetected viruses on a system.  
         [0005]     In their most basic form, viruses and other unwanted programming instructions manifest themselves in unwanted code and/or programs inserted into files that executed on a computer system. The various manners in which such unwanted instructions are copied into computer systems are well known and are thus not discussed further herein.  
         [0006]     To combat the problem of viruses and other unwanted code finding their way onto and executing on computer systems, virus scan programs have been developed to identify the existence of viruses on a system. As is well known, virus scan programs function essentially as follows. Each file on a computer system is scanned and a check sum or hash value (or simply “hash”) is created for each file. A hash, also called a message digest, is a number generated from a string of text. The hash is substantially smaller than the text itself, and is generated by a formula in such a way that is extremely unlikely that some other text will produce the same hash value. Hashes play a role in security systems where they are used to ensure that transmitted messages have not been tampered with. The sender generates a hash of the message, encrypts it, and sends it with the message itself. The recipient then decrypts both the message and the hash, produces another hash from the received message, and compares the two hashes. If they are the same, there is a high probability that the message was transmitted intact. The concept of hashing is well known and is not discussed further herein.  
         [0007]     The file name and the hash value are compared to a virus signature file which contains information regarding all known viruses as of the date the virus scan program was last updated. If a match is found (i.e., if the file name, or elements of the file itself (it&#39;s hash matches a known virus hash), correspond to the name or elements of a known virus), the file containing the match is quarantined and rendered inoperable, repaired, or deleted. The virus signature files are updated periodically, e.g., weekly or more frequently if needed as new virus files are discovered. This requires users to run a complete virus scan on all files each time the virus signature files are updated.  
         [0008]     Virus scan programs take a long time to perform their scanning and checking process. For each 10 Gigabytes of memory, it can take approximately 30 minutes to complete a scan and check operation. As the size of hard drives increase, and with the increase in size of software images due to multimedia content, such as MP3 and digital pictures, the problem of increased scan time is only getting worse. The scanning operation itself uses significant system resources and thus delays other operations that a user is attempting to perform. Further, with the proliferation of mobile laptop devices, it is often impossible to schedule virus scans during off hours, as can be done with desktop systems that are never turned off, since laptop systems are typically turned off when not in operation.  
         [0009]     Accordingly, it would be desirable to have a system and method for decreasing the time required to perform virus scan operations using virus scan programs.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0010]     The present invention adds a procedure to the operating system file subsystem of a processing system that significantly reduces the amount of time necessary to perform a virus scan. A file signature is created each time a file is modified (i.e., with each “file write” to that file). The file signature is inserted, with a date stamp, into the file attributes. The virus scan program checks the previously-created file signature against the virus signature file instead of creating the file signature for every file during the virus scan. Checks to ensure that the file signature is secure, and is valid and up to date, are also implemented. Only if the file signature is not valid and up-to-date does the virus scan program create a new file signature at the time of the running of the virus scan.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0011]      FIG. 1  is a flowchart illustrating an example of the basic steps utilized to create a file signature correlated to the creation of a hash value when a file is being written to, in accordance with the present invention; and  
         [0012]      FIG. 2  illustrates an example of steps performed, in accordance with the present invention, when conducting a virus scan of, for example, a hard drive on which the files are stored. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0013]      FIG. 1  is a flowchart illustrating an example of the basic steps utilized to create a file signature correlated to the creation of a hash value when a file is being written to, in accordance with the present invention. At step  100 , the process begins for performing a write process for a file. This simply involves the writing/modification of the file for any reason. At step  102 , a “write timestamp” associated with the time and date at which the write process is performed.  
         [0014]     At step  104 , a hash value is created for the file being written to at essentially the same time as the write process has been completed. To avoid problems with slight delays between the actual time that the write process completes and the actual time that the creation of the hash value is completed, a predetermined +/− factor can be applied when making comparisons described below.  
         [0015]     At step  106 , a hash value timestamp is created associated with the creation time and date of the hash value. At step  108 , the hash value itself, along with the hash value timestamp are inserted into the attribute (header) of the file that was just written to. The process is then completed.  
         [0016]      FIG. 2  illustrates an example of steps performed, in accordance with the present invention, when conducting a virus scan of, for example, a hard drive on which the files are stored.  
         [0017]     At step  200 , the latest virus signature file(s) are downloaded for use by the virus scan software. As is well known, this assures that the virus scan is performed using the most currently available virus definitions and other related files.  
         [0018]     At step  202 , the virus scan commences. At step  204 , for the next file on the hard drive to be scanned, the hash and timestamp fields are read from the file. At step  206 , the hash timestamp is compared with the write timestamp to make sure that neither the hash value nor the file being scanned have changed since the last valid write of the file. This protects against a “smart virus” that can insert itself into a file after the valid write to the drive has been completed. Essentially, this assures that the file has not been changed since the hash value and hash value timestamp were inserted into the header field.  
         [0019]     At step  208 , if it is determined that the hash timestamp and the write timestamp are different (or are not within the +/− factor indicated above), then a new hash value is created on the fly, prior to proceeding to step  212 . If, however, at step  208  it is determined that the hash timestamp and the write timestamp are the same (or essentially the same), the process proceeds directly to step  212 .  
         [0020]     At step  212 , the hash value is compared with the virus signature file in a well known manner to determine if there are any “matches” indicating the existence of virus-related elements in the hash value. If, at step  214 , there are no matches found, the file is determined to be “clean” at step  216 , and the process proceeds directly to step  220 .  
         [0021]     However, if, at step  214 , it is determined that there is a match between the hash value and the virus signature file, this indicates the presence of a contamination of some kind, and the process proceeds to step  218  where the contamination is acknowledged and corrective measures are taken in a well known manner. The process then proceeds to step  220 , where it is determined if there are more files to be scanned. If, at step  220 , it is determined that there are more files to be scanned, the process proceeds back to step  204  where the above steps are again performed. If, at step  220 , it is determined that there are no more files to be scanned, the process ends.  
         [0022]     As noted above, using the present invention, the operating system file of a computer system is modified to create the hash during each file write. This hash is timestamped and may be encoded with a security chip such as the Trusted Platform Module or any other well known industry crypto processor. The security chip contains a monotonic counter (can only count forward, never can be reset or pulled backwards) which is used within the well known algorithm to create the timestamp. This prevents an intelligent virus from creating an incorrect timestamp.  
         [0023]     Using the present invention, the scanning process, which is extremely time-consuming, is performed on a file-by-file basis, whenever the file is written to. This spreads out the creation of hash values over the course of the use of the computer, rather than at a specific point in time when a virus scan is being performed. A digital signature (hash) is created and stored within each file attribute, which are stored in the header field in front of the actual data. The hash represents the file signature, the TPM or security chip then encrypts the hash with the monotonic counter to timestamp it. The write is also timestamped and encrypted. This way, a smart virus cannot fake any of this data.  
         [0024]     When the virus scan is performed, in most cases the majority of the files will have a write timestamp and hash timestamp that match, indicating that the stored hash table can be used for the virus scanning process. Accordingly, at the time of running the virus scan, most of the time will be consumed comparing the hash table to the virus definitions rather than creating the hash tables.  
         [0025]     The above-described steps can be implemented using standard well-known programming techniques. The novelty of the above-described embodiment lies not in the specific programming techniques but in the use of the steps described to achieve the described results. Software programming code which embodies the present invention is typically stored in permanent storage of some type, such as permanent storage of a workstation located on a hard drive, flash memory, etc. In a client/server environment, such software programming code may be stored with storage associated with a server. The software programming code may be embodied on any of a variety of known media for use with a data processing system, such as a diskette, or hard drive, or CD-ROM. The code may be distributed on such media, or may be distributed to users from the memory or storage of one computer system over a network of some type to other computer systems for use by users of such other systems. The techniques and methods for embodying software program code on physical media and/or distributing software code via networks are well known and will not be further discussed herein.  
         [0026]     It will be understood that each element of the illustrations, and combinations of elements in the illustrations, can be implemented by general and/or special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or steps, or by combinations of general and/or special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.  
         [0027]     These program instructions may be provided to a processor to produce a machine, such that the instructions that execute on the processor create means for implementing the functions specified in the illustrations. The computer program instructions may be executed by a processor to cause a series of operational steps to be performed by the processor to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions that execute on the processor provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the illustrations. Accordingly,  FIGS. 1-2  support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of steps for performing the specified functions, and program instruction means for performing the specified functions.  
         [0028]     Although the present invention has been described with respect to a specific preferred embodiment thereof, various changes and modifications may be suggested to one skilled in the art and it is intended that the present invention encompass such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.