Abstract:
The present invention provides a system and automated methods to enable a collection of electronic information to be divided into multiple asymmetric scrambled subsets, stored across a plurality of disparate apparatuses, and reconstructed as needed. The present invention provides automated methods to adjust the relative size of the scrambled subsets based upon characteristics such as performance, cost and available space of the apparatuses on which the subsets are stored. The present invention enables the scrambled subsets of electronic information to be created, accessed and manipulated as though they are located on a local device in an integrated and unscrambled state. The present invention enables fault tolerance and enhanced performance through optional redundancy and parity capabilities. The present invention generates an electronic blueprint used to deconstruct the original collection of electronic information and reconstruct it as needed. This electronic blueprint may be encrypted, transferred and shared as required.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/006,945 filed Jun. 3, 2014. 
     
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
       [0002]    Not Applicable 
       REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING 
       [0003]    Not Applicable 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0005]    The present invention relates to the field of electronic information storage and retrieval. 
         [0006]    2. Background of the Invention 
         [0007]    Electronic information is created, stored and accessed by users, organizations and other entities on a wide range of electronic devices. This information is often sensitive in nature with financial data, private images or recordings, personal correspondence, copyrighted material, legal documents, sensitive data bases, and proprietary designs as just a few examples. In many cases it is desirable to move, copy or backup this electronic information in order to provide redundancy, release storage space on a given device, facilitate access on other devices or to selectively share the information. Various combinations of methods, devices and systems are used for these purposes including the following prior art examples: 
         [0008]    Local Persistent Storage wherein copies of the electronic information are placed on storage co-located with and directly connected to the device upon which the electronic information currently resides. An example of this might be a secondary local fixed storage drive, a removable storage drive or a nearby directly connected drive. 
         [0009]    Remote Storage such as Network Attached Storage (“NAS”), Storage Area Networks (“SAN”) or Storage Service Provider (“SSP”) storage solutions wherein storage is physically removed from the accessing device and is connected through a dedicated connection or through a virtual connection on a private or public network. Examples of this include a NAS device on the same local area network, multiple storage devices accessed over a virtual private network or a SSP solution that may be geographically distant with an unspecified location accessed over a public network. 
         [0010]    Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive/Independent Disks/Devices (“RAID”) wherein interrelated electronic information is distributed across multiple physical or logical storage devices in a systematic fashion in order to provide some combination of fault tolerance, improved performance, increase capacity or other desirable characteristics. RAID concepts are implemented in hardware, software or a combination of the two and are applied to local storage devices, remote storage or a combination thereof. Prior art extends to the implementation of RAID concepts across multiple SSPs. 
         [0011]    Shared Communal Storage wherein interrelated electronic information is stored across a dynamic group of physical or logical devices registered with a storage community in order to share storage space. A Shared Communal Storage implementation may provide the benefits of a RAID implementation such as fault tolerance and improved performance and may leverage many RAID like concepts. 
         [0012]    Tiered Storage wherein electronic information is stored across storage solutions with different characteristics such as performance, reliability, capacity and geographic location. Specific electronic information is selectively stored across these storage solutions based on the nature of the information; e.g., some information may be accessed or updated often, some information may be required to physically reside in a certain country due to information sovereignty requirements and some information may require a significant amount of storage space. 
         [0013]    Electronic Information Encryption wherein stored electronic information is converted into a cypher in order to impede unauthorized access. This conversion may occur on the originating device, during transmission or during the storage process and may be accomplished via software, hardware or a combination of the two. 
         [0014]    In practice the above prior art is often used in combination. For example, a SSP may provide remote storage that is physically housed on a RAID storage solution and is accessed through software that facilitates encryption of electronic information prior to its transmission across a public network to the SSP&#39;s facilities. 
         [0015]    Various implementations of the above prior art have facilitated the backup, storage and sharing of information globally across a wide range of devices and have delivered tremendous value and utility to individuals and organizations. With the availability of inexpensive network and internet connected storage devices and low cost SSP offerings, individuals and organizations that might not be able to afford or manage a globally accessible storage solution have relatively simple and cost effective options. 
       Technical Problem 
       [0016]    While prior art and existing implementations thereof provide tremendous capabilities, there remain significant shortcomings and gaps in capabilities including the following: 
         [0017]    Information is transmitted and stored in contiguous blocks or in regular and predictable patterns, and in some cases it may be stored without being encrypted. This enables SSPs, hosting solution providers, and other parties to access the stored information. In the event of a malicious breach of an electronic information storage solution the exposure of information can be a nuisance at best and may be extremely costly and harmful depending on the information. Even in cases where the transmitted and stored information is encrypted, a malicious party that is able to obtain a complete copy of interrelated information may, with sufficient resources, decrypt the information. 
         [0018]    In cases where multiple electronic information storage solutions are available, users must manage which information is stored on which solution. In many cases it is preferable to aggregate storage and provide a single integrated storage solution to the user. For example, if each user in a ten person organization has individual 10 GB storage accounts with various SSPs, it may be advantageous to be able to utilize the accounts as a single 100 GB storage solution. In another example, an individual may have accounts with two different storage service providers, one with 10 GB of available capacity and one with 15 GB of available capacity. It may be preferable for the individual to be able to use them as a single 25 GB account. 
         [0019]    In the case where one or more independent data storage solutions are utilized, if one of the solutions is unavailable or is performing poorly it is advantageous to be able to leverage the remaining data storage solutions to compensate for the unavailable or poor performing solution. 
         [0020]    In an environment in which storage costs change rapidly, it is desirable to dynamically adjust the relative amount of information that is stored in each of the available storage solutions. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0021]    The present invention provides a system and automated methods to enable a collection of electronic information to be divided into multiple asymmetric scrambled subsets, stored across a plurality of disparate apparatuses, and reconstructed as needed. These apparatuses may be electronic memory, local fixed electronic information storage devices, portable electronic information storage devices, Network Attached Storage, remote Storage Service Providers or any other electronic information storage solution. The present invention is composed of a variable electronic blueprint and automated methods implemented in software, hardware or a combination thereof to deconstruct electronic information and communicate with one or more electronic information storage solutions to then store the deconstructed subsets. The present invention also provides reciprocal automated methods implemented in software, hardware or a combination thereof to reconstruct a copy of the original electronic information from the deconstructed and stored subsets. A compatible blueprint and comprehensive collection of information subsets must be available in order to reconstruct the original collection of electronic information. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0022]      FIG. 1 : Embodiment 1—High Level Architecture Block Diagram. Provides an overview block diagram of the primary components of the present invention and the interactions between them. This diagram is constructed with a focus on the description of Embodiment 1 in order to aid in its explanation. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Advantageous Effects of Invention 
       [0023]    The present invention enhances the security of electronic information and impedes unauthorized access to electronic information. This is the case even if the information is transmitted and stored without the use of traditional encryption. In order to access the information deconstructed by the present invention, an organization, individual or other entity will require a copy of the blueprint and a copy of all of the stored subsets of the collection of electronic information. As the subsets are irregular in composition, reconstruction from an incomplete collection of the information subsets or reverse engineering by means of frequency analysis becomes more difficult. Even in the event that one storage solution for the information is compromised, the compromised subset by itself is meaningless without the other subsets and the corresponding blueprint. 
         [0024]    The present invention enables electronic information to span disparate storage solutions. As the present invention enables integrated collections of electronic information to be stored in smaller subsets and then reintegrated through automated means when required, these smaller subsets may be distributed across multiple accounts, platforms, devices or storage platforms as required. This eases management and increases the utility of storage options that may be of little value on their own. 
         [0025]    The present invention enhances performance by enabling electronic information to be spread across multiple platforms with automated means to store a larger subset of the information on higher performance storage solutions. 
         [0026]    The present invention provides fault tolerance. The present invention includes automated methods to generate redundant copies of deconstructed data subsets or parity information that is maintained across storage solutions. Full redundancy may be provided with only a 50% additional storage space requirement and may utilize lower performance and thus lower cost storage solutions. 
         [0027]    The present invention facilitates cost effective regulatory data compliance. As many jurisdictions place regulatory constraints on where certain types of electronic information may be stored, the present invention&#39;s ability to direct what is by itself a meaningless subset of information to a particular storage solution while maintaining the balance of the information and the blueprint required for reconstruction in a geographically compliant storage solution may provide additional storage options that maintain compliance. 
         [0028]    The present invention provides automated methods to allocate electronic information to storage solutions based on cost, capacity, locations, availability, performance or any combination thereof. In addition, the present invention provides automated methods to dynamically reallocate both future and existing electronic information as the cost, capacity and performance of available storage solutions change. 
       DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     Embodiment 1 
     Personal Computer Information Back-up Across Two Storage Service Provider Accounts and Accessed from a Mobile Phone 
       [0029]    This first exemplary embodiment of the present invention consists of: 
         [0030]    Automated methods in the form of software running on a personal computer 
         [0031]    Automated methods in the form of software running on a mobile smartphone 
         [0032]    Accounts with two disparate Storage Service Providers 
         [0033]    The PC software of this embodiment is configured to monitor the contents of multiple directories on a single solid state electronic information storage drive (“SSD”) on a personal computer (“PC”) ( FIG. 1-0101 : Information Storage Device). When a file in one of the monitored directories is added or altered, a copy of said file (the “subject file”) is made in a separate working directory on the SSD ( FIG. 1-0102 : Subject File). 
         [0034]    This embodiment of the present invention includes Storage Adaptors ( FIG. 1-0111 ) and a Storage Apparatus Manager ( FIG. 1-0109 ) to interface with varied storage technologies including creating and maintaining connections, managing the upload and retrieval of subsets of electronic information and collecting information on the capabilities, state and performance of the various storage apparatuses ( FIG. 1-0112 : Example Plurality of Disparate Storage Apparatuses). The software of this embodiment of the present invention interacts with accounts on two separate SSPs ( FIGS. 1-0116  and  0117 ). Information on the available storage capacity and performance on the relevant accounts of the two SSPs is collected by the Storage Affinity Ranking (“SAR”) engine ( FIG. 1-0110 ). The SAR engine compares the available capacity and performance and calculates a storage affinity ratio indicating the relative size of any information subsets that are to be stored on the two SSP accounts. For the sake of this example embodiment, the performance and capacity of the two SSP accounts are similar resulting in a storage affinity ratio of 1 to 1 for these accounts. This directs this embodiment of the present invention to store the same amount of information on each of the two SSPs. 
         [0035]    A 256 Byte random binary Electronic Information Blueprint (“blueprint”) is stored on the PC in this embodiment ( FIG. 1-0105 : Electronic Information Blueprint). 
         [0036]    File metadata such as name, relative location, access rights and dates are appended to the subject file. A binary representation of the appended subject file size in bits is combined with a subset of the blueprint through a logical bitwise AND operation to determine the deconstruction starting point, i.e., the position in the subject file where processing will begin. 
         [0037]    Two target files are then created to receive the scrambled information from the deconstructed subject file ( FIG. 1-0103 : Target Files). The two target files are given unique file names with a shared base so that they may be easily related to each other. The next byte of information in the blueprint is then used to determine how many bits will be copied from the subject file to the first target file and if these bits are to come from the portion of the subject file above or below the identified starting point. A stored value is used in order to track the offset before the starting point in the subject file where processing is occurring and another stored value contains the offset after the starting point where processing is occurring. A subsequent byte from the blueprint is then used to determine how many bits will be copied from the subject file to the second target file and if those bits are to come from the portion of the subject file using the offset before or the offset after the starting point. This process is repeated and if an offset value indicates a file position before the beginning of the subject file or after the end, the offset value “wraps” to the other end of the subject file and processing continues. If all bytes of the blueprint have been utilized, use of the blueprint is simply restarted from the first byte. When an offset value indicates a position in the subject file that will equal or exceed the position indicated by the other offset value, the amount of overlap is appended to both target files along with a numerical value that indicates the relative size of the files, which target file was last written to and an indicator of the last position in the blueprint that was used for processing. 
         [0038]    In this embodiment of the present invention, the target files are each stored separately in the pre-established accounts on the two SSPs ( FIG. 1-0116 ,  1 - 0117 ). Upon successful storage of the target files, local copies of the target files are deleted and the source file metadata is stored on the PC along with the metadata of the target files. 
         [0039]    The mobile phone software of this embodiment of the present invention is connected to and periodically polling the pre-established accounts of the two SSPs by means of the storage adaptors ( FIG. 1-0111 ). When the mobile phone software detects the newly created target files, they are downloaded to the mobile phone and stored in non-volatile memory using the SSP adaptors of this embodiment. These deconstructed files are then recombined into the original subject file or “reconstructed file” for use on the mobile phone. 
         [0040]    This reconstruction process is accomplished initially by extracting and removing the overlap, relative size, last target file written to and last blueprint position information from the deconstructed files. The mobile phone software has a stored local copy of the blueprint used in creating the deconstructed files and this is used in conjunction with the combined length of the deconstructed files to calculate the length of the reconstructed file and the position in the reconstructed file where deconstruction processing originated (this is through the same bitwise AND method that was used previously to determine the position in the subject file where deconstruction began). Two working files ( FIG. 1-0107 ) are then created, one for the portion of the subject file before the deconstruction start point and one for the portion after it. Processing then commences from the end of the last deconstructed file written to and the blueprint and overlap information are used to determine how many bits from the end of that file are to be copied and if they are to be placed in the “before” working file or the “after” working file. The blueprint is then used in reverse order to determine how many bits are to be copied from each deconstructed file in turn and which working file they are to be copied to. After the deconstructed files are fully processed the before working file is inverted and the after working file inverted and appended to the before working file. File metadata is then extracted and removed from the end of the before working file and used to rename the before working file and set its attributes. The resulting reconstructed file is identical to the original subject file. 
       Variations 
       [0041]    Embodiments of the present invention may include facilities to indicate that a specific collection of electronic information is in use and prevent other instances of the specific collection from being accessed or modified while this is the case. Alternatively, the present invention may allow creation of a new copy of the in-use information. Metadata to facilitate the locking and version control of information may be embedded in stored data, appended to file names, or stored in separate metadata structures. 
         [0042]    The Electronic Information Blueprints of the present invention may take a wide range of forms varying in length, encoding and storage approach. They may be randomly generated, manually created and maintained, derived from seed data through a hash algorithm or similar technique or be created through some combination of these approaches. Electronic Information Blueprints may be generated independently on each device where they are needed through the use of common algorithms and seed data, may be stored and shared in an encrypted fashion, may be physically transferred or may be manually entered on each device where they are utilized. One example embodiment of the present invention would generate a blueprint by hashing a user entered phrase utilizing a variant of Secure Hash Algorithm. 
         [0043]    In cases where there is a difference in the performance, available space, cost or other characteristic, an embodiment of the present invention may use a ratio or other multiplier to consistently scale the amount of information to be written to one or more storage solutions. 
         [0044]    The present invention may store deconstructed information subsets across any number of any type of electronic information storage devices. 
         [0045]    An embodiment of the present invention may incorporate checkpoint/restart logic to enable information deconstruction, reconstruction, storage and retrieval to be interrupted and restarted without having to begin the process anew. 
         [0046]    The present invention may be applied to non-binary or non-digital systems. An example embodiment of the present invention would involve a blueprint that indicates physical measurements on an analog magnetic audio tape. The tape is physically severed as dictated by the measurements in the blueprint and the resulting sections stacked and ordered in separate containers. The blueprint can later be employed in revere to reconstruct and splice together the original audio tape. 
         [0047]    Metadata for the information deconstructed by the present invention may be stored separately from the actual information and distributed if necessary to enable the previewing, indexing, searching or other management of deconstructed information without having to reconstruct the information. 
         [0048]    An embodiment of the present invention may delay or otherwise schedule the transmission and storage of deconstructed electronic information subsets with the intention of making it difficult for an observer to determine which subsets are related or with the intention of optimizing processing, transmission or storage timing. 
         [0049]    The present invention may be implemented in conjunction with traditional encryption methods. The irregular deconstruction performed by the present invention serves to further complicate compromising traditional encryption by adding additional processing steps and by complicating frequency analysis based attacks.