Abstract:
An electric power meter having a digital sampler for sampling a voltage and a current at a sampling point and having a processor for processing at least one of the sampled voltage and the sampled current. A memory is provided for storing network protocol conversion algorithms. The electric utility power meter has a network interface. The processor performs at least one power calculation and converts at least one of the sampled voltage, the sampled current and the power calculation to at least one network protocol using said network protocol conversion algorithms, said at least one network protocol provided through said network interface.

Description:
PRIORITY 
     This application claims priority to a provisional application entitled “Web Server Power Quality and Revenue Meter” filed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office on May 11, 2001 and assigned Application No. 60/290,511, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present disclosure relates to socket-type electrical meters, and, more particularly, to a system which provides power quality and revenue metering information to remote locations. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Electric utility companies (“utilities”) track electric usage by customers by using power meters. These meters track the amount of power consumed at a particular location. These locations range from power substations, to commercial businesses, to residential homes. The electric utility companies use the power meter to charge its customers for their power consumption, i.e. revenue metering. 
     A popular type of power meter is the socket-type power meter. As its name implies, the meter itself plugs into a socket for easy installation, removal and replacement. Other meter installations include panel mounted, switchboard mounted, and circuit breaker mounted. Typically the power meter connects between utility power lines supplying electricity and a usage point, namely a residence or commercial place of business. Though not typical, a power meter may also be placed at a point within the utility&#39;s power grid to monitor power flowing through that point for distribution, power loss, or capacity monitoring. Also, power meters can be used to monitor internal customer usage, that handle submetering functions. 
     Traditionally, power meters used mechanical means to track the amount of consumed power. The inductive spinning disk power meter is still commonly used. The spinning disk drives mechanical counters that track the power consumption information. 
     Newer to the market are electronic power meters. Electronic meters have replaced the older mechanical meters, and utilize digital sampling of the voltage and current waveforms to generate power consumption information. In addition to monitoring power consumption, electronic meters can also monitor and calculate power quality, that is, voltage, current, real power, reactive power, and apparent power, among others. These power quality measurements and calculations are displayed on an output display device on the meter. 
     In more recent developments, limited power consumption information can be transmitted from the power meter to the utility through the use of telephone communications circuitry contained either within or external to the meter. These developments are advantageous to the utility company in that it reduces the need for employees being dispatched to the remote locations to collect the power consumption information. A standard modem receives raw power consumption information from the power meter and transmits the information to the utility company via telephone lines. While this represents an improvement over past techniques, this information then must be interpreted and further processed to calculate the amount of power consumption, a secondary process that results in further processing apparatus and software, and further resulting in increases to the costs and complexities of the overall system. 
     There is therefore a need for an electronic power meter that can process raw power consumption information. There is a further need for an electronic power meter that can make available processed power consumption information to multiple end users. And a still further need exists for an electronic power meter that provides processed power information to multiple users in a format that is easily viewed and interpreted by an end user. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an electronic power meter that processes raw power consumption information. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide an electronic power meter that makes available processed power consumption information to multiple end users. 
     It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an electronic power meter that makes available processed power consumption information to multiple end users in a format that is easily viewed and interpreted by an end user. 
     The present invention is an electric power meter providing real time revenue calculations as well as power quality metering. The power meter actively updates a number of users over the Internet in real time. A user can be utility personnel or customers. The power meter is also capable of communicating through several ports using several different communication protocols simultaneously. The interfaces, including web pages, are user definable and configurable. The meter is installable as a socket type meter, a panel mounted meter, a switchboard mounted meter, or a circuit breaker meter. 
     In one embodiment of the present application, a web server provides real time data through an Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) or Extensible Markup Language (XML) interface. Additionally, the web server allows viewing of stored historical and power quality data and provides users with an interface for retrieval of historical data via industry standard protocols including Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP). 
     In another embodiment of the present invention, the web server operates as a Modbus Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Gateway for the power meter and existing serial based devices that connect through a network serial port to allow data be monitored or transferred via a network infrastructure. 
     In a further embodiment of the present invention, a socket-type electric power meter provides concurrent operation of a web server, Modbus TCP and additional protocols which are supported by the power meter, thus allowing the power meter to be easily incorporated into existing power control systems as well as providing access to real-time web information, such as the revenue calculations, metering data and power quality data, using a standard web browser. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The advantages and features of the presently disclosed web server power quality and revenue meter will become more readily apparent and may be understood by referring to the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power quality and revenue meter according to an embodiment of the present invention; and 
     FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the processor functions of a power quality and revenue meter system shown in FIG. 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail herein below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known functions or constructions have not been described so as not to obscure the present invention. 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a web server power quality and revenue meter according to an embodiment of the present invention. Shown in FIG. 1 are power quality and revenue meter (meter)  10 . The meter is connected to monitor electric distribution power lines (not shown), to monitor voltage and current at the point of connection. Included therein is digital sampler  20  for digitally sampling the voltage and current of the power being supplied to a customer or monitored at the point of the series connection in the power grid. Digital sampler  20  digitally samples the voltage and current. The digital samples are then forwarded to processor  30  for processing. Also connected to processor  30  is external device interface  40  for providing an interface for external devices  50  to connect to meter  10 . These external devices might include other power meters, sub-station control circuitry, on/off switches, etc. Processor  30  receives data packets from digital sampler  20  and external devices  50 , and processes the data packets according to user defined or predefined requirements. A memory  60  is connected to processor  30  for storing data packets and program algorithms, and to assist in processing functions of processor  30 . These processing functions include the power quality data and revenue calculations, as well as formatting data into different protocols which will be described later in detail. Processor  30  provides processed data to network  80  through network interface  70 . Network  80  can be the Internet, the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet, a wide area network (WAN), or local area network (LAN), among others. In the preferred embodiment, the network interface converts the data to an Ethernet TCP/IP format. The use of the Ethernet TCP/IP format allows multiple users to access the power meter simultaneously. In a like fashion, network interface  70  might be comprised of a modem, cable connection, or other devices that provide formatting functions. Computers  90 - 92  are shown connected to network  80 . 
     A web server program (web server) is contained in memory  60 , and accessed through network interface  70 . The web server provides real time data through any known web server interface format. For example, popular web server interface formats consist of HTML and XML formats. The actual format of the programming language used is not essential to the present invention, in that any web server format can be incorporated herein. The web server provides a user friendly interface for the user to interact with the meter  10 . The user can have various access levels to enter limits for e-mail alarms. Additionally, the user can be provided the data in a multiple of formats including raw data, bar graph, charts, etc. The currently used HTML or XML programming languages provide for easy programming and user friendly user interfaces. 
     The operation of the device of FIG. 1 will now be described. Digital sampler  20  samples the voltage and current at and flowing through the point of connection, or sampling point. The voltage and current readings, in the form of data packets, are forwarded to processor  30  where they undergo various power calculations. Processor  30  calculates, for example, instantaneous voltage and current, real power, reactive power, and apparent power. The processing algorithms can be preprogrammed into memory  60 , uploaded by an end user, or performed at the end-user&#39;s location. The calculations performed by processor  30  are not meant to be all inclusive, as the processor can be programmed to provide any number of preprogrammed or user defined calculations. In addition to performing the calculations, processor  30  sends the packet data to memory  60  to be stored for future access. As digital sampler  20  is sampling the voltage and current at the sampling point, external device  50  can be feeding parallel information to processor  30  through external device interface  40 . This external device packet data would be processed and stored in a similar manner as the digital sampler packet data. Processor  30  then formats the processed data into various network protocols and formats. The protocols and formats can, for example, consist of the web server HTML or XML formats, Modbus TCP, RS-485, FTP or e-mail. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) can also be used to assign IP addresses. The network formatted data is now available to users at computers  90 - 92  through network  80 , that connects to meter  10  at the network interface  70 . 
     In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, network interface  70  is an Ethernet interface that supports, for example, 100 base-T or 10 base-T communications. This type of network interface can send and receive data packets between WAN connections and/or LAN connections and the meter  10 . This type of network interface allows for situations, for example, where the web server may be accessed by one user while another user is communicating via the Modbus TCP, and a third user may be downloading a stored data file via FTP. The ability to provide access to the meter by multiple users, simultaneously, is a great advantage over the prior art. This can allow for a utility company&#39;s customer service personnel, a customer and maintenance personnel to simultaneously and interactively monitor and diagnose possible problems with the power service. 
     FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of processor  30  of the web server power quality and revenue meter system according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 illustrates the functional processing structure of processor  30 . Processor  30  is shown containing four main processing functions. Processing  120  can be realized in various memory configurations, and are not limited to any one configuration. The functions shown are illustrative and not meant to be inclusive of all possible functions performed by processor  30 . Power Quality and Revenue Metering functions (metering functions)  110  consists of a complete set of functions which are needed for power quality and revenue metering. Packet data collected by digital sampler  20  is transmitted to processor  30 . Processor  30  calculates, for example, power reactive power, apparent power, and power factor. The metering function  110  responds to commands via the network or other interfaces supported by the meter. External Device Routing Functions  130  handle the interfacing between the external device  50  and meter  10 . Raw data from external device  50  is fed into meter  10 . The external device  50  is assigned a particular address. If more than one external device is connected to meter  10 , each device will be assigned a unique particular address. 
     Referring again to FIG. 1, network interface  70  can support, for example, either 100 base-T or 10 base-T communications, and receives and sends data packet between a wide area network (WAN) connection and/or local area network (LAN) connection and the meter. The Network Protocol Functions of meter  10  are executed by processor  30  which executes multiple networking tasks that are running concurrently. As shown in FIG. 2, these include, but are not limited to, the following network tasks included in network protocol functions  150 : e-mail  160 , web server  170 , Modbus TCP  180 , FTP  190 , and DHCP  200 . The e-mail  160  network protocol function can be utilized to send e-mail messages via the network  80  to a user to, for example, notify the user of an emergency situation or if the power consumption reaches a user-set or pre-set high level threshold. 
     As the processor receives packets of data it identifies the network processing necessary for the packet by the port number associated with the packet. The processor allocates the packet to a task as a function of the port number. Since each task is running independently the meter  10  can accept different types of requests concurrently and process them transparently from each other. For example, the web server may be accessed by one user while another user is communicating via Modbus TCP and at the same time a third user may download a log file via FTP. 
     The Network to Meter Protocol Conversion Function  140  is used to format and protocol convert the different network protocol messages to a common format understood by the other functional sections of meter  10 . After the basic network processing of the packet of data, any “commands” or data which are to be passed to other functional sections of meter  10  are formatted and protocol converted to a common format for processing by the Network to Meter Protocol Conversion Function  140 . Similarly, commands or data coming from the meter for transfer over the network are pre-processed by this function into the proper format before being sent to the appropriate network task for transmission over the network. In addition this function first protocol converts and then routes data and commands between the meter and external devices. 
     While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Accordingly, modifications, such as those suggested above, but not limited thereto are to be considered within the scope of the presently disclosed web server power quality and revenue meter.