Abstract:
A spare tire holder and installation for a vehicle is provided. To this end, the spare tire holder includes, but is not limited to a mount that can be pivoted downward in the tail region underneath the car body. The mount can furthermore be pivoted about a pivot joint. To this end, an actuating mechanism holds the mount in a locked position and releases the mount such that it can be pivoted into a pivoted position. In this case, the vehicle has a reduced vehicle overhang between the rear wheel axle and the tail. Two swing arms are furthermore arranged to both sides of the mount. The swing arms feature double-jointed hinges with two pivot joints per hinge.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority to German Patent Application No. 102008003642.0, filed Jan. 9, 2008, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The invention relates to a spare tire holder and installation for a vehicle. The spare tire holder features a mount that can be pivoted downward in the tail region underneath the car body. The mount can furthermore be pivoted about a pivot joint. To this end, an actuating mechanism holds the mount in a locked position and releases the mount such that it can be pivoted into a pivoted position. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A spare tire is known from publication EP 0 794 108 A1. The known spare tire holder features an adapter for immobilizing a safety wheel in a receptacle for normal tires. To this end, the receptacle features a carrier that is mounted on the base plate of the vehicle such that it can be pivoted about a pivot joint. 
     Schematic drawings of such a known spare tire holder are illustrated in  FIG. 7  to  FIG. 9 . More specifically,  FIG. 7  shows a schematic drawing of a known spare tire holder in a locked position,  FIG. 8  shows a schematic drawing of a known spare tire holder according to  FIG. 7  in a pivoted position, and  FIG. 9  shows a schematic drawing of the arrangement of the spare tire and the pivot joint of the spare tire holder according to the prior art. 
       FIG. 7  shows a schematic drawing of a known spare tire holder  2  in a locked position  9 . In this locked position  9 , the spare tire  19  is situated in a receptacle  41  that is held in its locked position  9  with the aid of an actuating mechanism  8 . This receptacle  41  is fixed on a base plate  42  of the vehicle  3  by means of a pivot joint  7 . The actuating mechanism  8  makes it possible to disengage the lock from the vehicle interior such that the receptacle  41  can be pivoted downward into a pivoted position  10  from the locked position  9  shown. During this process, the spare tire is displaced in the driving direction together with the receptacle  41  such that the removal of the spare tire is aggravated. The arrangement of the pivot joint  7  of the receptacle  41  furthermore defines the dimension for a minimum vehicle overhang  12  because the locking device  8  and the pivot joint  7  have a corresponding space requirement. 
       FIG. 8  shows a schematic drawing of the known spare tire holder  2  according to  FIG. 7  in a pivoted position  10 . Due to the relatively simple pivot joint  7  that pivots about the pivoting axis  43 , the receptacle  41  can only be tilted in the direction of the ground  22  such that it is relatively difficult to remove the spare tire  19  from the tail region  5  in the pivoted position  10  underneath the vehicle  3 . The problems associated with the removal of the spare tire from the receptacle  41  are illustrated in  FIG. 9 . 
       FIG. 9  shows a schematic drawing of the arrangement of the spare tire  19  and the pivot joint  7  of the spare tire holder  2  according to the prior art. The pivot joint  7  can also be divided into two adjacently arranged pivot joints  7 ′ and  7 ″ in order to realize a stable three-point suspension with the aid of the actuating mechanism  8  and the pivot joints  7 ′ and  7 ″. It is furthermore possible to arrange the actuating mechanism laterally in the position  8 ′ so as to provide sufficient space for lowering the receptacle  41  into the pivoted position  10  from the locked position  9  shown in  FIG. 7 . During this pivoting process, however, the spare tire  19  is not displaced in the direction of the tail region  5 , but rather in the direction indicated by the arrow C (i.e., in the driving direction), such that the spare tire  19  is disadvantageously moved deeper underneath the car body  6  due to this pivoting process. 
     In view of the foregoing, at least one objective exists to develop a spare tire holder that requires less space and also simplifies the removal of the spare tire from the spare tire holder. Another objective is to disclose such an installation method that the installation of a spare tire holder can be integrated into the current production sequence of a production line with only a few manipulations. In addition, other objectives, desirable features, and characteristics will become apparent from the subsequent summary and detailed description, and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to an embodiment of the invention, a spare tire holder is created and a method is provided for installing this spare tire holder on a vehicle in a production line. To this end, the spare tire holder features a mount that can be pivoted downward in the tail region underneath the car body. The mount can furthermore be pivoted about a pivot joint. To this end, an actuating mechanism holds the mount in a locked position and releases the mount such that it can be pivoted into a pivoted position. In this case, the vehicle has a shorter overhang between the rear wheel axle and the tail. In addition, two swing arms are arranged to both sides of the mount. The swing arms, in turn, are provided with double-jointed hinges that respectively feature two pivot joints. 
     This spare tire holder provides the advantage that merely a pivoted mount is arranged in the tail region underneath the car body instead of a receptacle known from the prior art. Such a mount initially makes it possible to advantageously reduce the weight. In addition, the mount is held by two laterally arranged swing arms with double-jointed hinges such that the spare tire holder can be advantageously accommodated in the tail region of a vehicle, in which the vehicle overhang is significantly shortened in comparison with conventional vehicles. 
     The lateral arrangement of the swing arms also provides the advantage that the double-jointed hinges of these swing arms not only make it possible to transfer the spare tire from a locked position into a tilted or pivoted position, but also to move or pull the pivoted mount in the direction of the tail region underneath the vehicle such that the removal of the spare tire from the mount is significantly simplified. 
     Furthermore, the new spare tire suspension advantageously takes into account new axle concepts such that, in contrast to conventional spare tire suspension concepts, a full-size spare tire can be accommodated underneath the vehicle despite a reduced vehicle overhang. 
     The double-jointed hinge that features two hinge points even makes it possible to pivot the mount such that the spare tire can be easily removed if a towing device is installed on the vehicle. The new spare tire holder furthermore makes it possible to accommodate the spare tire on the vehicle without having to alter the position of the actuating mechanism for locking and unlocking the spare tire holder. 
     In addition, the new spare tire holder can be used in a space-saving fashion for various types of vehicle bodies without having to alter or adapt the spare tire holder for this purpose. Consequently, the new spare tire holder can be used for all raised-seat vehicles by utilizing “carryover-parts” such that the alteration and development expenditures remain low. The pivoting mechanism and the construction of the double-jointed swing spring arms is also simplified and improved in such a way that the spare tire holder with the pivoted mount can be cost-efficiently manufactured. 
     In one preferred embodiment of the invention, a first pivot joint of an individual double-jointed hinge is fixed underneath and on the car body and a second pivot joint of the double-jointed hinge is connected to the pivoted mount of the spare tire holder. This measure increases the flexibility of the spare tire holder and the center of gravity that was arranged directly on the underside of the car body so far can now be arranged at a considerable distance from the underside of the car body due to the second pivot point that cooperates with the pivoted mount. 
     In one preferred embodiment of the invention, studs are already arranged on the bottom of the car body in the tail region. These studs make it possible to vertically displace and subsequently fix the hinge lugs of the double-jointed hinges thereon with the aid of lock nuts such that a time-saving and cost-efficient installation is ensured. In addition, the mount of the spare tire holder can be arranged between the double-jointed hinges. The ends of steel rods of the mount engage into corresponding eyes of the swing arms of the double-jointed hinges. 
     In another preferred embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the mount features heat shields in the form of two laterally arranged guide plates that are arranged in the mount between the spare tire and hot components of the vehicle in the locked position. Such heat shields in the form of guide plates are provided as a precaution at locations, for example, at which a muffler or an exhaust pipe extends laterally past the mount. The spare tire can furthermore slide along such guide plates in the pivoted position and additionally simplify the removal of the spare tire in this fashion. 
     In order to protect the spare tire from contamination, dirt and aggressive salts, it is proposed to arrange a light-weight plastic trough for accommodating the spare tire in the mount of the spare tire holder. In this case, the plastic trough can be exactly adapted to the respective spare tire such that its weight is reduced because it does not have to absorb and transmit forces to the car body via joints as it is the case in embodiments known so far. Consequently, it is possible to utilize a plastic trough that not only is exactly adapted to the contours of the spare tire, but can also be manufactured with thin walls such that its weight is reduced. 
     It is furthermore proposed that the pivot joints of the double-jointed hinges are arranged vertically on top of one another and the swing arms are aligned vertically in the locked position. This provides the advantage that no shear stresses are exerted upon the joints of the double-jointed hinges and only the load resulting from the weight of the spare tire and the mount needs to be transmitted to the car body by the double-jointed hinges. In this arrangement, the mount and therefore also the spare tire are suspended on the underbody of the vehicle in a safe position, namely in the vertical position. 
     From this locked position, the spare tire holder can be transferred into a first pivoted position, in which the pivot joints of the double-jointed hinges are still arranged vertically on top of one another and only the mount is tilted toward the ground. This arrangement can be distinguished from the prior art in that the pivot joint is positioned lower, namely by the length of the swing arms. The pivot joints of the double-jointed hinges are only arranged on top of one another at a certain pivoting angle in a second pivoted position of the spare tire holder, in which the mount is tilted toward the ground and displaced toward the tail of the vehicle in the longitudinal direction thereof. In this position, not even a permanently installed tow hitch interferes with the removal of the spare tire. 
     In a second embodiment of the invention, the swing arms are bent in an L-shaped fashion and one of the limbs of the L of the swing arms forms the axle shafts of the first pivot joints of the double-jointed hinges. In addition, the ends of the second limbs of the L-shaped swing arms are provided with eyes, in which steel rod ends of the mount are arranged as axle shafts of the second pivot joints. This embodiment of the swing arms provides the advantage that a double-jointed hinge can be realized in the simplest fashion possible with steel rods only. 
     An installation method for a spare tire holder in a production line comprises the following steps. Initially, a spare tire holder and laterally arranged double-jointed hinges consisting of two pivot joints, as well as a swing arm and a spare tire, are assembled into a compact installation unit. This compact installation unit can be vertically mounted on the installation studs arranged on the vehicle floor with the corresponding hinge lugs. 
     The mount can be simultaneously latched into a locked position by means of a first and a second locking element. In this case, a first locking element serves for subsequently fixing the spare tire holder in the locked position from the interior of the car body and a second locking element merely represents a clamp element or spring hook element that is suspended from the floor of the car body in order to be latched into the mount of the spare tire holder. The thusly achieved double-safety ensures that the mount does not pivot downward together with the spare tire in a working position along the production line and obstruct the manufacturing sequence during the installation work in the elevated installation phase. 
     The assembly of the mount can be simplified by using prefabricated steel rods. The already installed installation studs on the underside of the car body also simplify the attachment of the hinge lugs of the first pivot joints of the double-jointed hinges on the vehicle body by means of self-locking nuts. Consequently, the mount is completely secured in its first locked position, in which it latches into a first and a second locking element. The first locking element features a hook that is suspended on a threaded screw and the second locking element preferably features a plastic spring hook. 
     The threaded screw of the first locking element protrudes into the interior of the car body and can be actuated from this location such that the spare tire holder can be lifted into a first locked position by means of this actuating mechanism. However, this makes it necessary to move the vehicle from an elevated installation position into a normal installation position with the aid of the installation platform before the spare tire holder can be screwed up into its second locked position. 
     The swing arm is preferably bent in an L-shaped fashion and one limb of the L-shaped swing arm serves as the axle shaft of the first pivot joint. The second end of the second limb of the L-shaped swing arm is bent into an eye such that a steel rod end of the mount can be inserted into the eye. This steel rod end respectively forms the axle shaft of the second pivot joint of the double-jointed hinges. Consequently, the two pivot joints are realized in the simplest fashion possible because the respective steel rod ends are merely arranged in a corresponding eye or rotatably arranged in a corresponding hinge bore. 
     No ball bearings or other precision components whatsoever are used such that the new spare tire holder can be cost-efficiently manufactured. Due to the new lateral hinge positions, the assembly can be realized directly in the vertical direction and automatically. It is furthermore ensured that the new double-jointed hinges do not obstruct the existing manufacturing process because the vehicle needs to be transferred into an elevated installation position anyway in order to install the axles such that it is possible to fix the double-jointed hinges on the floor of the body together with the mount of the spare tire holder suspended thereon and the spare tire inserted therein. 
     In addition, the dimensions of the mount can be chosen such that spare tires of different sizes and for different vehicles can be accommodated in the spare tire suspension and secured from tilting downward. In this case, a double-safety is ensured during the installation with the aid of two different locking elements that are simultaneously latched during the installation. Instead of a spring hook safety, it would also be possible to provide locking elements in the form of spring-type clamps. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the following drawing figures, wherein like numerals denote like elements, and 
         FIG. 1  shows a schematic side view of a spare tire holder according to a first embodiment of the invention in a locked position; 
         FIG. 2  shows a schematic bottom view of the spare tire holder according to  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  shows a schematic side view of the spare tire holder according to  FIG. 1  in a first pivoted position; 
         FIG. 4  shows a schematic top view with sectional representations of the swing arms of double-jointed hinges; 
         FIG. 5  shows a schematic side view of the spare tire holder according to  FIG. 1  in a second pivoted position; 
         FIG. 6  shows a schematic bottom view of the spare tire holder according to  FIG. 5 ; 
         FIG. 7  shows a scheme drawing of a known spare tire holder in a locked position; 
         FIG. 8  shows a schematic drawing of the known spare tire holder according to  FIG. 7  in a pivoted position; and 
         FIG. 9  shows a schematic drawing of the arrangement of the spare tire and the pivot joint of the spare tire holder according to the prior art. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit application and uses. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding background and summary or the following detailed description. 
       FIG. 1  shows a schematic side view of a spare tire holder  1  according to a first embodiment of the invention in a locked position  9 . The spare tire holder  1  of this embodiment of the invention features a mount  4  which can be pivoted downward and is arranged in the tail region  5  underneath the car body  6 . The mount  4  can furthermore be pivoted into two different pivoted positions about double-jointed hinges  15  and  16 . An actuating mechanism  8  holds the mount according to this schematic drawing in the locked position  9  and makes it possible to release the mount  4  in order to pivot the mount into a pivoted position. 
     To this end, the actuating mechanism  8  features a locking screw  38  which can be actuated from the vehicle interior in the tail region  5  and cooperates with a locking hook  37 . The locking hook  37  can be latched into the mount  4  of the spare tire holder  1  and screwed up into a final first locked position  9  by means of a threaded connection with the locking screw  38 . In this first locked position  9 , the double-jointed hinge  15  is aligned vertically with its swing arm  13  such that the pivot joints  17  and  18  are arranged vertically on top of one another. 
     In order to protect the spare tire  19  from dirt and contamination, as well as from aggressive erosion caused by salts, the mount  4  may carry a plastic trough  20  that is indicated with double dot-dash lines. In this example, the plastic trough  20  is a lightweight plastic material that reduces the weight and only has the function of protecting the spare tire  19 , but does not have to transmit and withstand any forces such as, for example, a receptacle. The wall of this plastic trough  20  can therefore be suspended in the mount  4  in a weight-saving fashion, wherein the contour of the plastic trough  20  can be adapted to different shapes of spare tires. 
     The upper pivot joint  17  is fixed on two vertically arranged installation studs  30  and  31  (See  FIG. 2 ) on the underside of the car body  6  by means of a hinge lug  35  while the second pivot joint  18  is connected to the mount  4  such that the mount  4  can be pivoted about the pivot joint  18 , as well as about the pivot joint  17 , by means of the swing arm  13 . To this end, the mount  4  is preferably manufactured of steel rods. 
     The mount  4  with the double-jointed hinges  15  and  16 , the spare tire  19  and, optionally, the plastic trough  20  can be preassembled and fixed underneath the vehicle  3  in the form of a complete unit during an elevated installation phase in a production line, namely by simply screwing the hinge lugs  35  of the two double-jointed hinges shown in  FIG. 2  on the installation studs  30  and  31 . This is preferably realized with lock nuts and this complete unit can also be suspended in a preliminary second locked position during the installation, in which it is secured by the actuating mechanism  8  shown in  FIG. 1  on one hand and by the additional suspension and latching realized by means of a spring hook on the other hand. 
       FIG. 2  shows a schematic bottom view of the spare tire holder according to  FIG. 1 . In this case, the direction of the bottom view is indicated by the arrows B in  FIG. 1 . The circumference of the spare tire  19  is indicated with a broken line and the pivot joints  17  and  18  are illustrated in a partially sectioned fashion in order to elucidate their function in this bottom view. The two double-jointed hinges  15  and  16  are arranged laterally on the mount  4  and therefore also offset laterally referred to the spare tire  19 . The frame of the mount is illustrated in an idealized fashion in this figure and adapted to the structure of the spare tire  19 , wherein the mount  4  essentially consists of steel rods  34 . 
     Guide plates  39  and  40  arranged on the sides of the mount  4  may simultaneously act as heat shields in order to protect the mount from hot components of the vehicle. The mount  4  features a bar  44  that is offset relative to the double-jointed hinges  15  and  16  in the driving direction and holds the spare tire  19  in position. Two other bars  46  and  47  of the mount  4  arranged in the tail region not only simplify the handling of the mount  4 , but also serve for latching two locking elements  32  and  33  for an installation phase, as well as for the operation of the vehicle. To this end, the locking element  33  features an auxiliary safety in the form of a spring hook  21  while the locking element  32  is connected to the actuating mechanism  8  illustrated in  FIG. 1  in order to fix the mount  4  underneath the vehicle in a final first locked position  9  during a normal installation phase that follows the elevated installation phase. 
     The vertically aligned swing arm  13  in  FIG. 1  is realized in an L-shaped fashion and has a limb  23  that is rotatably supported in the pivot joint  17  mounted on the underside of the car body  6  as an axle shaft  25 . The end  26  of the second limb of the L-shaped swing arms  13  and  14  features an eye  27 , into which a steel rod end  29  of the mount  4  protrudes as an axle shaft  28 . This ensures a high mobility and pivoting capacity of the mount  4  once the mount  4  is released from the actuating mechanism  8  and from the locking elements  32  and  33  in order to be pivoted. 
       FIG. 3  shows a schematic side view of the spare tire holder  1  according to  FIG. 1  in a first pivoted position. The spare tire  19  is indicated in the pivoted position  10  with broken lines in this simplified schematic drawing. The swing arm  13  is still aligned in the vertical direction in this first pivoted position such that the mount  4  is simply tilted about the pivot joint  18  of the double-jointed hinge  15 . For this purpose, the actuating mechanism  8  was loosened to such a degree that the locking element  32  illustrated in  FIG. 2  can be disengaged and the spring hook  21  illustrated in  FIG. 2  that acts as the second locking element  33  can be once again removed from the mount  4 . 
       FIG. 4  shows a schematic top view with sectional representations of the swing arms of the double-jointed hinges  15  and  16  according to  FIG. 3 . The spare tire  19  is once again indicated by a broken line while the pivot joints  17  and  18  are partially sectioned. This view along the plane of section A-A in  FIG. 3  indicates that the swing arms  13  and  14  of the double-jointed hinges  15  and  16  are realized in an L-shaped fashion and form the axle shaft  25  of the pivot joint  17  with one limb while the end of the second limb of the respective swing arm  13  or  14  features an eye  27  that is laterally sectioned in  FIG. 4  and makes it possible to accommodate a steel rod end of a not-shown mount. 
       FIG. 5  shows a schematic side view of the spare tire holder  1  according to  FIG. 1  in a second pivoted position  11 . In this second pivoted position  11 , the mount  4  was pulled underneath a tow hitch  45  on the bar  47  such that the double-pivoted joint  15  now has a pivoting angle α and the two pivot joints  17  and  18  consequently are no longer arranged vertically on top of one another. However, the removal of the spare tire  19  from the mount  4  is now simplified because the spare tire is displaced toward the tail region  5  of the vehicle  3  in the direction of the arrow C. 
       FIG. 6  shows a schematic bottom view of the spare tire holder  1  according to  FIG. 5 . This figure shows the displacement toward the tail region  5  of the vehicle in the direction of the arrow C such that a second limb  24  of the swing arms  13  and  14  becomes visible. This figure also shows that the guide plates  39  and  40  that simultaneously act as heat shields can laterally guide the spare tire  19  during the removal thereof and thusly simplify the removal from the mount  4 . If a trough is provided as shown in  FIG. 1 , this trough can slide out of the mount together with the spare tire and be subsequently accommodated in the mount again after the spare tire has been removed. 
     While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing summary and detailed description, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration in any way. Rather, the foregoing summary and detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an exemplary embodiment, it being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope as set forth in the appended claims and their legal equivalents.