Abstract:
An image device which includes reflowed color filters. Reflowed color filters may be formed by heat treating preliminary color filters. When preliminary color filters are reflowed, color filters of different colors may be formed continuous with each other. Contiguous color filters in an image device may reduce manufacturing costs, maximize optical efficiency, minimize noise, and/or minimize crosstalk.

Description:
The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2006-0065396 (filed on Jul. 12, 2006), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
   BACKGROUND 
   Semiconductor image devices that convert images into electrical signals have been developed. Types of image devices include Charge Coupled Devices (CCD) and CMOS image devices. A CCD device includes a plurality of MOS capacitors, where each MOS capacitor may operate by moving carriers generated by light. A CMOS image device may includes a plurality of unit pixels and a CMOS logic circuit controlling output signals of the unit pixel. 
   As illustrated in example  FIG. 1 , a CMOS image sensor  10  may include a plurality of different color filters in a unit pixel (e.g. blue color filter  2 , green color filter  3 , and red color filter  4  in a unit pixel) which each selectively transmit different colors of light, while filtering white light. Each unit pixel may include a plurality of pixels, with each pixel including one color filter. The plurality of color filters may be formed over a semiconductor substrate  1 . Planar layer  5  may be formed over the plurality of color filters to compensate for height differences between different types of color filters (e.g. the height difference between blue color filter  2  and green color filter  3  and red color filter  4 ). A lens  6  may be formed in each pixel over planar layer  5  to focus light through the color filter in that pixel (e.g. lens  6  may be formed over blue color filter  2  to focus light through blue color filter  2 . 
   An active semiconductor element may be formed under each color filter in each pixel, which converts the filtered light into an electrical signal. For example, in a blue pixel an active semiconductor element may be formed below blue color filter  2  to produce an indicative electrical signal in response to blue light passing through blue color filter  2  and in a green pixel an active semiconductor element formed below green color filter  3  may produce a separate indicative electrical signal in response to green light passing through green color filter  3 . 
   However, when the color filters are formed adjacent to each other, gaps may occur between the color filters (e.g. the gap between blue color filter  2  and green color filter  3  or the gap between green color filter  3  and red color filter  4 ). These gaps may cause optical problems such a cross talk and/or noise between adjacent pixels. For example, light that is directed into the gaps may be misdirected into the color filters in an uncontrollable manner. Cross talk and/or noise may degrade the quality of an image sensor by reducing an image sensor&#39;s sensitivity to light and/or reducing the resolution of an image sensor. 
   SUMMARY 
   Embodiments relate an image device that may be manufactured in a relatively simple manner, minimizes noise, and/or minimizes crosstalk. In embodiments, an image device includes at least one of the following: a first color filter melted and/or reflowed at a first temperature; a second color filter contiguous to the first color filter being melted and/or reflowed at a second temperature; a pixel array substrate supporting the first to third color filters; and micro lenses formed on and/or over the first and second color filters. 
   In embodiments, a method for manufacturing an image device includes at least one of: forming a first color filter melted and/or reflowed at a first temperature on and/or over a pixel array substrate; forming a second color filter melted and/or reflowed at a second temperature contiguous with the first color filter; and forming micro lenses on and/or over the first to third color filters. 

   
     DRAWINGS 
     Example  FIG. 1  illustrates an image device. 
     Example  FIG. 2  is a sectional view illustrating an image device, in accordance with embodiments. 
     Example  FIG. 3  is a sectional view illustrating the first color filter formed over a pixel array substrate, in accordance with embodiments. 
     Example  FIG. 4  is a sectional view illustrating a second preliminary color filter formed over a pixel array substrate, in accordance with embodiments. 
     Example  FIG. 5  is a sectional view illustrating a second reflowed color filter formed from the second preliminary color filter, in accordance with embodiments. 
     Example  FIG. 6  is a sectional view illustrating a third preliminary color filter formed over a pixel array substrate, in accordance with embodiments. 
     Example  FIG. 7  is a sectional view illustrating a third reflowed color filter formed from the third preliminary color filter, in accordance with embodiments. 
     Example  FIG. 8  is a sectional view illustrating first, second, and third micro lenses formed over first, second, and third color filters, in accordance with embodiments. 
   

   DESCRIPTION 
   Example  FIG. 2  is a sectional view illustrating an image device, in accordance with embodiments. As illustrated  FIG. 2 , image device  200  may include pixel array substrate  100 , first color filter  110 , second color filter  120 , third color filter  130 , first micro lenses  142 , second micro lenses  144 , and/or third micro lenses  146 . Pixel array substrate  100  may include pixels for outputting image signals according to levels of received incident light, in accordance with embodiments. Pixels may be arranged on and/or over pixel array substrate  100  in a matrix formation. 
   Each pixel may include a photo diode and/or at least one thin film transistor. A photo diode of a pixel may detect light incident through first color filter  110 , second color filter  120 , and/or third color filter  130 . A transistor of a pixel may be electrically connected to a photo diode to generate image signals corresponding to the levels of charges generated by the photo diode. In embodiments, a pixel may include three to six transistors. 
   First color filter  110 , second color filter  120 , and/or third color filter  130  may be reflowed color filters. Reflowed color filters are color filters that are formed from reflowing (e.g. melting) a preliminary color filter. For example, a preliminary color filter may be formed on and/or over substrate  100 . After formation of a preliminary filter, the preliminary filter may be reflowed to form a reflowed color filter. Reflowing may be performed through a temperature treatment. In embodiments, a temperature treatment may be between approximately 120° C. and approximately 140° C. However, one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates other temperature ranges. For example, a temperature treatment may be performed at a temperature less than a dye change temperature of the dye in the preliminary filter (e.g. approximately 200° C. for some dyes). By reflowing preliminary color filters, color filters may be formed that are contiguous with each other, in accordance with embodiments. In embodiments, contiguous color filter may simplify manufacturing procedures and/or maximize the performance of an imaging device. 
   First color filter  110  may be formed on and/or over pixel array substrate  100  as part of a pixel, in accordance with embodiments. First color filters  110  may be part of a matrix of pixels. First color filter  110 , for example, may be a red color filter that allows transmission of red light. First color filter  110  may be formed from a first preliminary color filter that was reflowed (e.g. melted) by being subjected to a first temperature (e.g. approximately 120° C. to 140° C.). First color filter  110  may have a specific height. 
   Second color filter  120  may be formed adjacent and contiguous with first color filter  110 . Second color filter  120  may be configured to filter a different color of light than first color filter  110 . For example, second color filter  120  may be a green color filter that allows the transmission of green light and filters out white light. Second color filter  120  may be formed from a second preliminary color filter that was reflowed (e.g. melted) by being subjected to a second temperature (e.g. approximately 120° C. to 140° C.). In embodiments, the second temperature is less than the first temperature (e.g. reflowing temperature of the first color filter). In other embodiments, the first temperature is substantially the same as the second temperature. In embodiments, the second temperature is greater than the first temperature. In embodiments, the height of the second color filter  120  may be substantially the same as the height of the first color filter  110 . In embodiments, by forming the second color filter  120  by reflowing, the first color filter  110  and the second color filter  120  may be formed contiguous to each other, which may improve the performance of an imaging device. 
   Third color filter  130  may adjacent and contiguous to second color filter  120  and/or first color filter  110 . Third color filter  130 , for example, may be a blue color filter that transmits blue light and filters white light. Although third color filter  130  is illustrated as being formed in a line with first color filter  110  and second color filter  120 , third color filter may be formed with a different orientation with first color filter  110  and second color filter  120 . For example, third color filter  130  may be positioned to be diagonal to either first color filter  110  or second color filter  120 . Third color filter  130  may be formed from a third preliminary color filter that was reflowed (e.g. melted) by being subjected to a third temperature (e.g. approximately 120° C. to 140° C.). In embodiments, the third temperature is lower than the second temperature and/or the first temperature. In embodiments, the third temperature is substantially the same as the second temperature and/or the first temperature. In embodiments, the third temperature is greater than the second temperature and/or the first temperature. In embodiments, the height of third color filter  130  is substantially the same as first color filter  110  and/or second color filter  120 . 
   First micro lens  142 , second micro lens  144 , and/or third micro lens  146  may be formed on and/or over first color filter  110 , second color filter  120 , and/or third color filter  130 . First micro lens  142 , second micro lens  144 , and/or third micro lens may have hemispheric sections and may collect incident white light and direct it into first color filter  110 , second color filter  120 , and/or third color filter  130 . First micro lens  142 , second micro lens  144 , and/or third micro lens  146  may be formed close to each other or contiguous to each other, which may enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of image device  200 . First micro lens  142 , second micro lens  144 , and/or third micro lens  146  may be formed contiguous with each other because first color filter  110 , second color filter  120 , and/or third color filter  130  may have approximately the same thickness. First micro lens  142 , second micro lens  144  and/or third micro lens  146  may be formed contiguous with each other because first micro lens  142 , second micro lens  144 , and/or third micro lens  146  may be formed on and/or over the first color filter  110 , second color filter  120 , and/or third color filter  130 . Accordingly, in embodiments, light collected through first micro lens  142 , second micro lens  146 , and/or third micro lenses  146  may be efficiently directed to first color filter  110 , second color filter  120 , and/or third color filter  130  without optical loss and/or crosstalk and/or noise. 
   Example  FIG. 3  is a sectional view illustrating first color filter  110  formed on and/or over pixel array substrate  100 , in accordance with embodiments. Pixels which may generate image signals according to levels of incident light may be formed in and/or on pixel array substrate  100 . Pixels may be formed in and/or on pixel array substrate  100  in a matrix configuration. Pixels may include photo diodes which may generate charges according to levels of external light. Pixels may include transistors which may generate image signals according to levels of the charges generated by a photo diode. First color filter  110  may be formed as part of a pixel formed in and/or on pixel array substrate  100 . 
   First color filter  110  may be doped with a first color filter material (e.g. a color filter material including photosensitive material, pigments, and/or dyes), so that a first color filter layer (e.g. a preliminary color filter) is formed on and/or over pixel array substrate  100 . A first color filter layer may include pigments and/or dyes that transmit red light and substantially filter white light. A first color filter material, for example, may be melted at a first temperature. A first color filter layer, for example, may be formed on and/or over pixel array substrate  100  through a spin coating process (or other similar process). 
   A first color filter layer formed on and/or over pixel array substrate  100  may be patterned by a photo process (e.g. a photo process including exposure and/or development processes), to form a first preliminary color filter on and/or over pixel array substrate  100 . A first preliminary color filter may be reflowed through a temperature treatment to form first color filter  110 . Accordingly, first color filter  110  may be a reflowed color filter. In embodiments, a temperature treatment (e.g. between approximately 120° C. and 140° C.) may be a hard bake process which hardens a first preliminary color filter into first color filter  110 . In embodiments, a hard bake process may be a hard bake process that does not react to light. In embodiments, the temperature treatment causes first color filter  110  to have different material characteristics than a first preliminary filter (e.g. the melting point of first color filter  110  may be higher than first preliminary filter). In embodiments, a temperature treatment may reflow preliminary filter into first color filter, such that the height of first color filter  110  is less than first preliminary filter. 
   Example  FIG. 4  illustrates second preliminary color filter  125  formed on and/or over pixel array substrate  100 , next to first color filter  110 , in accordance with embodiments. A second color filter layer (e.g. including a material having photosensitive material, pigments, and/or dyes) may be formed on and/or over pixel array substrate  100 . In embodiments, second color filter layer, for example, transmits green light and filters white light. In embodiments, a second color filter layer may be formed by spin coating. In embodiments, a second color filter layer may be patterned by a photo process (e.g. including exposure and development processes) to form second preliminary color filter  125 . Second preliminary color filter  125  may be spaced apart from first color filter  110  by a first interval. Second preliminary color filter  125  may have a thickness greater than first color filter  110 . 
   In embodiments, second preliminary color filter  125  has a thickness proportional to the interval between second preliminary color filter  125  and the side of first color filter  110 . For example, the larger the interval between second preliminary color filter  125  and the side of first color filter  110 , the thicker second preliminary color filter  125  should be. Likewise, the smaller the interval between second preliminary color filter  125  and the side of first color filter  110 , the shallower second preliminary color filter  125  should be. The thickness of second preliminary color filter  125  and spacing from first color filter  110  should be configured so that when second preliminary color filter  125  is reflowed, it will be contiguous with first color filter  110  and/or have substantially the same height as first color filter  110 , in accordance with embodiments. 
   Example  FIG. 5  illustrates second color filter  120  being reflowed from second preliminary color filter  125  through a temperature treatment, in accordance with embodiments. Second preliminary color filter  125  may be melted at a second temperature (e.g. between approximately 120° C. and 140° C.), in accordance with embodiments. In embodiments, the second temperature may be less than the first temperature that was used to form first color filter  110 . In embodiments, the second temperature does not need to be less than the first temperature, since first color filter  110  was already reflowed, the melting temperature of first color filter may be greater than the melting temperature of second preliminary color filter  125 . In embodiments, the second temperature may be greater or substantially the same as the first temperature. The second temperature may be lower than the dye change temperature of materials in the second preliminary color filter  125 , to avoid degradation of optical characteristics of second color filter  120 . Although second preliminary color filter  125  may be reflowed by the second temperature, the first color filter  110  may not be melted again or substantially effected because first color filter  110  may have a melting point higher than the second temperature. 
   When second preliminary color filter  125  is heated at the second temperature, second preliminary color filter  125  may be in a quasi-fluid phase, in accordance with embodiments. As second preliminary color filter  125  is reflowed (e.g. in a quasi-fluid phase), it may fill the empty space between first color filter  110  and second preliminary color filter member  125 , so that second color filter  120  is contiguous with first color filter  110 , in accordance with embodiments. In embodiments, the thickness of second color filter  120  and first floor filter  110  may be substantially the same. 
   Example  FIG. 6  illustrates third preliminary color filter  135  formed on and/or over pixel array substrate  100 , in accordance with embodiments. After first color filter  110  and second color filter  120  are formed, a third color filter layer (e.g. including a third color filter material having photosensitive material, pigments, and/or dyes) may be formed on and/or over pixel array substrate  100 . In embodiments, third color filter layer may transmit blue light and filter white light. In embodiments, third color filter layer may be formed by spin coating (or other similar process). 
   Third color filter layer may be patterned (e.g. by a photo process including exposure and development processes) to form third preliminary color filter  135  on and/or over pixel array substrate  100 , in accordance with embodiments. Third preliminary color filter  135  may be spaced apart from first color filter  110  and/or second color filter  120  by a second interval, in accordance with embodiments. Third preliminary color filter  135  may be thicker than first color filter  110  and/or second color filter  120 . In embodiments, the thickness of third preliminary color filter  135  may be proportional to the second interval between third preliminary color filter  135  and first color filter  110  and/or second color filter  120 . For example, the larger the interval between third preliminary color filter  135  and the side of second color filter  120 , the thicker third preliminary color filter  135  should be. Likewise, the smaller the interval between third preliminary color filter  135  and the side of second color filter  120 , the shallower third preliminary color filter  135  should be. The thickness of third preliminary color filter  135  and spacing from second color filter  120  should be configured so that when third preliminary color filter  135  is reflowed, a third color filter will be contiguous with second color filter  120  (and/or first color filter) and/or have substantially the same height as second color filter  120  (and/or first color filter), in accordance with embodiments. 
   Third preliminary color filter  135  may be subjected to a third temperature (e.g. between approximately 120° C. to 140° C.) to reflow third preliminary color filter  135 , in accordance with embodiments. In embodiments, the third temperature may be lower than the first temperature and/or the second temperature. In embodiments, the third temperature may be substantially the same or greater than the first temperature and/or the second temperature. 
   Example  FIG. 7  illustrating third color filter  130  reflowed from third preliminary color filter  135 , in accordance with embodiments. Third preliminary color filter  135  may be reflowed (e.g. melted) at the third temperature (e.g. between approximately 120° C. to 140° C.), in accordance with embodiments. Although third preliminary color filter  135  is heated at the third temperature, first color filter  110  and second color filter  120  may not be melted because first color filter  110  and the second color filter  120  have higher melting points than the third temperature. 
   As third preliminary color filter  135  is heated at the third temperature, third preliminary color filter  135  may be in a quasi-fluid phase, in accordance with embodiments. When third preliminary color filter  135  is in a quasi-fluid phase, it may fill the empty space between second color filter  120  and third preliminary color filter  135 , in accordance with embodiments. When third preliminary color filter  135  is in a quasi-fluid phase, the thickness of third color filter  130  may be formed to be substantially the same as first color filter  110  and/or second color filter  120 , in accordance with embodiments. 
   Example  FIG. 8  illustrates first micro lens  142 , second micro lens  144 , and third micro lens  146  formed on and/or over first color filter  110 , second color filter  120 , and/or third color filter  130 , in accordance with embodiments. First micro lens  142  may be formed on and/or over first color filter  110 . First micro lens  142  may collects external light and efficiently and effectively direct external light to first color filter  110 . Second micro lens  144  may be formed on and/or over second color filter  120 . Second micro lens  144  may collects external light and efficiently and effectively direct external light to second color filter  120 . Third micro lens  146  may be formed on and/or over third color filter  130 . Third micro lens  146  may collects external light and efficiently and effectively direct external light to third color filter  130 . 
   In embodiments, since first color filter  110 , second color filter  120 , and/or third color filter  130  have substantially the same thickness, first micro lens  142 , second micro lens  144 , and/or third micro lens  146  may be formed close to or contiguous to each other. In accordance with embodiments, by first micro lens  142 , second micro lens  144 , and/or third micro lens  146  may be formed close to or contiguous to each other, optical efficiency of an image device can be maximized. In accordance with embodiments, by first micro lens  142 , second micro lens  144 , and/or third micro lens  146  may be formed close to or contiguous to each other, cross-talk and/or noise may be minimized. 
   According to embodiments, the step difference between first color filter  110 , second color filter  120 , and third color filter  130  may be minimized. When first color filter  110 , second color filter  120 , and third color filter  130  have substantially the same height, a planar layer between color filters and lens may not be necessary, thus reducing manufacturing costs and increasing optical efficiency, in accordance with embodiments. Since gaps between color filters are avoided, interference, noise, and/or crosstalk can be minimized, in accordance with embodiments. 
   Although embodiments have been described for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the accompanying claims.