Abstract:
A method for manufacturing a sports ball comprises cutting outer panels and inner padding cut-outs from three different sheet materials. The internal padding layer materials have perforations and are geometrically similar in shape, but smaller than the outer panel cut-outs. A layer of heat-reactive adhesive that expands upon heating is applied in the machine-stitched seam areas before the panels are stitched together. The padding layer is glued to the inside-out ball cover before the cover is turned right-side out. A reinforced bladder is inserted into the cover. The remaining seams are stitched shut utilizing one of various different methods, and then the ball is molded in a heat and pressure mold that causes the seams to be welded as well as stitched, due to the expansion of the heat-reactive adhesive to cover the stitching in the seams. Enhanced performance characteristics of the resulting ball arise from the air spring aspects provided by the combined features.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a Continuation-In-Part of co-pending U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/153,301, filed May 12, 2016. Priority is claimed to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/280,260, filed on Jan. 19, 2016 as well as to U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/153,301 filed on May 12, 2016 the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety, and to Pakistan Patent Application No. 27/2016, filed on Jan. 12, 2016, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates generally to a sports ball and a method for manufacturing a sports ball. More particularly, and without limitation, the present disclosure relates to structures and methods for manufacturing a sports ball for use in games such as soccer, volleyball, football, basketball, futsal, handball and other sports. The term “futsal” is commonly translated as “indoor football” but the actual transliteration is “hall/lounge football”. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Traditional hand-sewn sports balls have several drawbacks related to loosened or exposed stitching, water absorption, inconsistent performance characteristics, low production efficiency, and generally high labor and production cost. Labor costs for hand-sewn sports balls are very high, and constantly increasing every year. Early footballs and soccer were made of leather and sewn up or closed with laces. These days, footballs are made from synthetic leather patches sewn together in a design based on the ‘Buckminster Ball’ or known as the Buckyball. The American architect Richard Buckminster Fuller came up with the design when he was trying to find a way for constructing buildings using a minimum of materials. The shape is a series of hexagons, pentagons and triangles, which can be fitted together to make a round surface. The modern soccer ball is essentially a Buckminster Ball consisting of 20 hexagonal and 12 pentagonal surfaces. When they are sewn together and inflated they make a near perfect sphere. The darker spots on the ball will help players perceive any swerve on the ball. The typical soccer ball today is spherical in shape with a circumference of between 68 and 70 centimeters (27 and 28 in), a weight in the range of 410 to 450 grams (14 to 16 oz.), and a pressure of between 0.6 and 1.1 bars (8.5 and 15.6 psi) at sea level. In the past soccer balls were made up of leather panels sewn together, with a latex bladder for pressurization, but more recently, modern balls at all levels of the game are now made of synthetic materials. The first 32-panel ball was marketed by Select in the 1950s in Denmark. The first “official” FIFA world cup soccer ball was the Adidas Telstar used in the 1970 world cup at Mexico. It was also the first official World Cup Buckminster type soccer ball. Today there is a shortage of trained and experienced sewers to perform the hand-sewing of sports balls, including soccer balls which tends to increase the stitching cost involved in making hand-sewn sports balls. Long manufacturing times are required for hand-sewn sports balls; typical production times may be four to six weeks. Current processes in manufacturing hand-sewn sports balls often results in a lot of waste of materials. The stitching of hand sewn sports balls can easily become loose (exposed) which give the sports balls poor durability in terms of weak abrasion resistance, and high water absorption that can make a sports balls heavier than desired or permissible. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the invention is to provide a new and improved sports ball having the physical characteristics of a hand-sewn sports ball with better softness and durability. Improved performance and durability characteristics are provided by features of panels that are stitched together by machine and also welded together or attached to adjacent panels by heat-activated expanding glue. The stitched and welded seams work together with perforations in the internal padding layer and the internal valve padding layer to provide an air spring effect that improves softness, responsive bounce, and true flight characteristics in a water-resistant ball. Another object is providing an improved method for manufacturing sports balls having such features. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram showing steps in a method for manufacturing a sports ball according to the invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a top view of a cut-out panel with adhesive applied to its peripheral edges and showing positions of the stitch lines 
         FIG. 3  is an upper front perspective view of a string-wound bladder with attached valve hole panel. 
         FIG. 4  is an upper front perspective view of a fabric-wrapped/patched bladder with attached valve hole panel. 
         FIG. 5  is a lower front perspective view of a string-wound bladder with attached valve hole panel showing internal valve padding layer. 
         FIG. 6  is a lower front perspective view of a fabric-wrapped/patched bladder with attached valve hole panel showing internal valve padding layer. 
         FIG. 7  is a front view of a ball cover after stitching. 
         FIG. 8  is a front view of a ball cover after stitching. 
         FIG. 9  is a front view of a ball cover after attachment of an internal padding layer. 
         FIG. 10  is a front view of a ball cover after attachment of an internal padding layer. 
         FIG. 11  is a front view of a ball cover after turning right-side out. 
         FIG. 12  is a front view of a ball cover after turning right-side out. 
         FIGS. 13 and 15  show front views of ball covers during insertion of a fabric-wrapped/patched bladder or a string-wound bladder, respectively. 
         FIGS. 14 and 16  show front views of ball covers during insertion of a fabric-wrapped/patched bladder or a string-wound bladder, respectively. 
         FIGS. 17 and 19  show front views of ball covers after insertion of a fabric-wrapped bladder or a string-wound bladder, respectively. 
         FIGS. 18 and 20  show front views of ball covers after insertion of a fabric-wrapped bladder or a string-wound bladder, respectively. 
         FIG. 21  is a front view of a ball cover after final closure by stitching. 
         FIG. 22  is a front view of a ball cover after final closure by bonding or connecting in joint of adjacent panels of lateral edge which are fold or turned. 
         FIG. 23  is a schematic representation of a ball cover containing a fabric wrapped/patched bladder during molding. 
         FIG. 24  is a schematic representation of a ball cover containing a fabric wrapped/patched bladder during molding. 
         FIG. 25  is a schematic representation of a ball cover containing a string wound bladder during molding. 
         FIG. 26  is a schematic representation of a ball cover containing a string wound bladder during molding. 
         FIG. 27A  is a schematic representation showing a first sheet material from which panels are cut. 
         FIG. 27B  is a side perspective view of a cut-out panel. 
         FIG. 27C  is a cross-sectional view of the panel taken along line  17 C- 17 C of  FIG. 27B . 
         FIG. 28A  is a schematic representation showing a second sheet material from which internal padding layer pieces are cut. 
         FIG. 28B  is a side perspective view of a cut-out internal padding layer. 
         FIG. 28C  is a cross-sectional view of the internal padding layer taken along line  18 C- 18 C of  FIG. 28B . 
         FIG. 29A  is a schematic representation showing a third sheet material from which internal valve padding layer pieces are cut. 
         FIG. 29B  is a side perspective view of a cut-out internal valve padding layer. 
         FIG. 29C  is a cross-sectional view of the internal valve padding layer taken along line  19 C- 19 C of  FIG. 29B . 
         FIG. 30  is a schematic representation of a cross-sectional view showing two adjoining panels stitched together. 
         FIG. 31  is a schematic representation of a cross-sectional view showing two adjoining panels stitched together, with adhered internal padding layer, after molding step. 
         FIGS. 32A-32B  are bottom side views of cut-out panels of representative cut-out shapes with internal padding layers adhered thereto, in a representative embodiment. 
         FIGS. 33A-33B  are bottom side views of cut-out panels of representative cut-out shapes with internal padding layers adhered thereto, in another embodiment. 
         FIGS. 34A-34C  are bottom side views of cut-out panels of representative cut-out shapes with internal padding layers adhered thereto, in another embodiment. 
         FIG. 35  is a bottom side view of a cut-out panel of a representative cut-out shape with an internal padding layer adhered thereto, in another embodiment. 
         FIG. 36  is a bottom side view of a cut-out panel of a representative cut-out shape with an internal padding layer adhered thereto, in another embodiment. 
         FIG. 37  is a side view of a cut-out of final closing panels, one or two sides or lateral edges have been folded or turned by heat melting process. 
         FIG. 38  is a schematic representation of a cross-sectional view showing two adjoining panels connect and or bonded with adhesive in the joint of adjacent panels of lateral edge which are folded and or turned. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1  schematic represents steps in the sports ball(s) manufacturing method  100  according to the invention. In the cutting step  110 , a plurality of outer panel pieces  1  are cut out from a first sheet material  16 , which is a laminated sheet material. Also, an outer panel piece that has a valve hole cut into it, valve hole panel  2 , is cut from the first sheet material  16 . A plurality of internal padding layer cut-outs  6  are cut from a second sheet material  21 , and an internal valve padding layer cut-out is cut from a third sheet material  22 . The sheet materials are described in more detail below. The shape of the panel cut-outs cut from first sheet material  16  is shown as hexagons and pentagons in the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 1 . However, various shapes of the panel pieces can be used, as explained later with respect to  FIGS. 32-36 . 
     In the adhesive application step  120  shown in  FIG. 1 , a layer of adhesive or glue is coated onto the outermost (top) surface of the outer casing of the panel cut-outs  1  and  2  the outermost (top) surface  17 A of the casing  17  of the cut-out panels  1  and  2  will be the exterior surface of the ball after manufacturing has been completed. As seen in  FIG. 2 , the layer of glue  3 A is coated along all of the peripheral edges of the top surface  17 A of the panels  1  and  2 . The area of the glue coating is designated as  3 A in  FIG. 2 . The position of the lateral edge of the panel  1  is designated as E 1  in  FIG. 2 . The glue coating area  3 A begins along the lateral edge E 1  of panel  1 . The glue coating area ends at a point designated as E 3 , positioned approximately 3.5 mm to 4.0 mm from the lateral edge E 1 , so that the total width of the band of glue coating  3 A measured from the lateral edge E 1  of the panel is approximately 3.5 mm to 4.0 mm. The stitch line  23 X is positioned approximately 2.5 mm from the lateral edge E 1 . It is noted that the depictions of  FIG. 2  are merely schematic representations, and are not drawn to scale. 
     In the next step shown in  FIG. 1 , the stitching step  130 , the plurality of panels  1  are stitched together along their edges, such that the panels  1  form an inside-out ball cover  4 . The stitching is performed along stitch lines generally shown along the dotted line  23 X as depicted in  FIG. 2 . Seam allowances or inlays are left to extend outwardly between the stitch lines  23 X and the outer lateral side edges E 1  of the panels  1 , as depicted between steps  130  and  140 , and depicted in  FIG. 2 . The thread used for stitching is preferably comprised of high density polyester yarn filaments. A preferred thread is specially designed to have a very high strength, to allow a sewing machine to stitch with a high thread tension, giving the sports ball very tight stitching  23 . The valve panel  2  also is similarly stitched to adjoining panels  1 . As shown between steps  130  and  140  in  FIG. 1 , an inlet opening  9  (see  FIG. 7 ) is left unstitched and open. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , in the step  140  of attachment of the internal padding layer  6 , an internal padding layer cut-out  6  is attached to each one of the panels  1 . As seen in  FIGS. 32A through 36 , the internal padding layer cut-out  6  is cut into the same or similar shape as its corresponding outer panel cut-out  1 , but slightly smaller as seen in  FIGS. 32A through 36 . Two geometrical objects are similar if they both have the same shape, or one has the same shape as the mirror image of the other. More precisely, one can be obtained from the other by uniformly scaling (enlarging or reducing), possibly with additional translation, rotation and reflection. This means that either object can be resealed, repositioned, and reflected, so as to coincide precisely with the other object. If two objects are similar, each is congruent to the result of a particular uniform scaling of the other. Each inner panel cut-out  6  adhered to each panel is, however, of a slightly smaller size than its corresponding outer panel cut-out  1 . In this manner, preferably the adhered inner panel does not extend into the stitch line  23 . 
     The attachment is made using a layer of glue or adhesive between the internal padding layer  6  and the panel  1 . One of the panels is the valve hole panel  2  (see  FIG. 3 ). Valve hole panel  2  has a valve hole cut into it that will receive insertion of the bladder valve  11 . On that panel, the internal valve padding layer  14  that is adhered to it is different from the other padding layer cut-outs  6 , in that it is cut from a different laminated sheet material  22 . The internal valve padding layer  14  also has a valve hole cut through it, valve hole  15 , which is aligned with the valve hole in its corresponding valve hole panel  2  and also will receive insertion of the bladder valve  11 . 
     In the cover turning step  150 , the padded inside-out ball cover  5  is turned to be right-side out ball cover  8 , such that the adhered internal padding layer  6  is on the inside of the turned cover  8 . Then, the bladder is inserted into the cover  8  in a bladder insertion step  160 . The bladder preferably is formed of elastomer rubber components, such as latex, butyl rubber, or a mixture thereof. The bladder has a valve  11  (see reference numeral  11  in  FIG. 3 ), and preferably is reinforced, i.e., “restricted” to a particular desired size and shape. The reinforcement is made before the insertion step  160 , and is described in more detail later. 
     The bladder is then deflated for the insertion step  160 , wherein the deflated restricted bladder  10 A or  10 B is inserted inside the ball cover  8  through the inlet opening  9 . The valve  11  is aligned with and inserted through the valve hole  15  in the internal valve padding layer  14  and through the corresponding valve hole in the corresponding valve hole panel  2 , such that the valve  11  projects outwardly to the exterior of the ball cover  8 . Preferably the padding layer  14  is adhered to the bladder in its area surrounding the valve  11 . 
     After insertion  160 , the final closure step  170  is conducted. There are two different methods or procedures for final closure  170 . Both of the two methods or procedures of final closure are achieved in two parts. In first embodiment the inlet opening  9  is closed by the closure stitching  12  conducted in the closing step  170 . But here the closure stitching  12  is done preferable by first sewing shut the first seam or first part of the seam by machine, and the sewing shut the remaining two seams or remaining parts by hand stitching. Then, in the molding step  180 , the ball is placed into a mold  13  for heat and pressure molding, as described below, to achieve its final shaping, sealing, and welding shut. In a second embodiment the inlet opening  9  is closed by the closure stitching  12  as conducted in the closing step  170 . But the closure stitching  12  is done preferable by first sewing shut the first seam or first part of the seam by machine, and then bonding and or sealing shut the remaining two seams or remaining parts by glue  3 A. These seams may look like they have no stitches  200 . Then, in the molding step  180 , the ball is placed into a mold  13  for heat and pressure molding, as described below, to achieve its final shaping, sealing, and welding shut. There are two ways of achieving this stitch-less closure of inlet opening. By high frequency and or ultra sonic frequency turning of only the lateral edges of panel  1  which are left for inlet opening. Or by hot melt turning of only lateral edges of panel  1  which are left for inlet opening. In both the first and second embodiment, in the molding step  180 , the ball is placed into a mold  13  for heat and pressure molding, as described below, to achieve its final shaping, sealing, and welding shut. 
       FIGS. 3-6  show more details of the reinforced (or “restricted”) bladder, with an unsewn valve panel  2  attached, to show the placement of the valve panel  2  with respect to the bladder. As mentioned above, the restriction of the bladder is achieved by winding all around the inflated rubber bladder with string or yarn, and adhering the string or yarn to the bladder with adhesive (see string-wrapped bladder  10 A in  FIG. 3 ), or by wrapping or laminating the inflated bladder with one or more layers of fabric, and adhering the fabric to the bladder using adhesive (see fabric-wrapped bladder  10 B in  FIG. 4 ). The restriction or reinforcement is undertaken in order to maintain the specific ball size that is required under game regulations, with the required air pressure inside the ball. The restricted bladder (or “carcass”) can preferably be formed with a webbing of yarn dipped in latex or adhesives put onto the bladder, or fabric pasted on bladder with latex or adhesives. 
       FIGS. 3 and 4  show upper front perspective views of, respectively, the string-wound bladder  10 A ( FIG. 3 ) with the attached valve hole panel  2 , and the fabric-wrapped bladder  10 B ( FIG. 4 ) with attached valve hole panel  2 .  FIGS. 5 and 6  show lower front perspective views of the string-wound bladder  10 A and fabric-wound bladder  10 B, respectively, with attached valve hole panels  2  and showing the position of internal valve padding layer  14  with its valve hole  15  aligned to receive insertion of the valve  11 . As seen in  FIGS. 5-6 , the internal valve padding layer  14  is affixed by glue to its corresponding cut-out valve hole panel  2 . This internal valve padding layer  14  and its corresponding valve hole panel  2  each have a valve hole (reference numeral  15  in the padding layer  14 ; not shown in panel  2 ) for receiving insertion of the valve  11  of the bladder. After insertion of the bladder as set forth below, the valve  11  will be aligned with the valve holes and inserted through them, so that the outer end of the valve  11  will extend to the outer surface of the ball after the manufacture of the ball has been completed. 
       FIG. 7  shows the ball cover  4  before the process  140  of adhering the internal padding layer. All but some of the plurality of panels  1  with a coating of glue  3 A on all their edges have been stitched together in the stitching step  130  to form a ball cover  4  in an inside-out condition. Some panels  1  which are left unstitched form the inlet opening  9 . The panels which have been left unstitched also have all of their edges coated with glue  3 A. Inlet opening  9  preferably is divided into three parts or seams. 
       FIG. 8  shows the ball cover  4  before the process  140  of adhering the internal padding layer. All but some of the plurality of panels  1  with a coating of glue  3 A on all their edges have been stitched together in the stitching step  130  to form a ball cover  4  in an inside-out condition. Some panels  1  which are left unstitched form the inlet opening  9 . One or two lateral edges of panels  1  left unstitched have folded and or turned edges. The panels which have been left unstitched also have all of their edges coated with glue  3 A. Inlet opening  9  preferably is divided into three parts or seams. 
     After the stitching process  130 , the glue  3 A which was coated on all the edges of the top surface of each panel  1  comes within the stitched area after the stitching. The stitching turns the sides of the panels  1 , and hence the glue  3 A coated on the panel edges comes within the stitching area. The sides of the plurality of panels become seams after the stitching process. The seam is the area between two adjoining panels  1 , which forms a V-shaped depression in the surface of the finished ball. The V-shape allows the sports ball to have true flight characteristics. The inclusion of glue  3 A in the stitch line area helps to tighten the stitching of the ball cover. Further, the inclusion of the glue  3 A in this area yields a finished ball cover with an exterior surface that does not have a lot of exposed threads in its seams; the seams may be essentially thread-less because the expanded glue covers all the stitches. 
     The glue  3 A used for making the sports ball is heat-activated, and preferably is an adhesive composed of polyurethane or other suitable adhesive or emulsions, or compositions containing the same. The glue  3 A is activated during the final shaping step  180  in the mold; activated glue is depicted as glue  3 B in the drawing figures. After this activation, the glue welds adjoining panels to one another. Thus, adjoining panels  1  are connected by welding, as well as by stitching. This welding by the activated glue  3 B increases the durability of the finished sports ball. The welding also tends to reduce water up-take by the finished ball manufactured by this method. The resulting ball water up-take is limited to less than 10% by weight, which keeps the ball weight within standard requirements under game regulations, and allows the players to have longer playability with the ball. 
       FIG. 9  and  FIG. 10  show the inside-out ball cover  5  with the internal padding layer  6  attached to the bottom (inner) surface of the panels  1 . The innermost (bottom) surface of the panels  1  will later be inside of the finished cover, after the cover gets turned right-side out. The panels  1  of the ball cover have been covered with an adhesive to which the internal padding layer  6  is adhered. An internal valve hole padding layer  14  also is attached in a similar way, as part of this internal padding layer application step  140 . As can be seen in  FIG. 8 , the internal padding layer has perforated holes  7 . The internal valve hole padding layer  14  also has such perforated holes  7 , and in addition has a larger valve hole  15  for receiving insertion of the valve  11 . 
       FIG. 11  and  FIG. 12  shows the right-side out ball cover  8  after the cover turning step  150 . Inlet opening  9  is used to turn the cover right-side out as shown in  FIG. 9  and  FIG. 10 . 
     The next step is the bladder insertion step  160 . The restricted bladder is deflated prior to insertion. The insertion of restricted bladder  10 A (yarn-wound) is shown in  FIG. 15  and  FIG. 16 , and insertion of restricted bladder  10 B (fabric-wrapped) is shown in  FIG. 13  and  FIG. 14 . The bladder is inserted through inlet opening  9  in the bladder insertion step  160 . The bladder is affixed and/or adhered to the internal valve hole padding layer  14 , which has the perforated holes  7  and the valve hole  15 . The valve of the bladder is inserted into the valve hole  15 .  FIGS. 17 to 20  show the ball cover after the bladder insertion step  160 , ready for the final closing process  170 . 
       FIG. 21  shows the closed ball cover after the inlet opening  9  has been closed by the closure stitching  12  conducted in the closing step  170 . The closure stitching  12  is done preferably by first sewing shut the first seam or first part of the seam by sewing machine, and then sewing shut the remaining two seams or remaining parts by hand stitching. The approximate length of the lines of machine sewing is up to about 45 mm. The approximate length of the lines of hand stitching is about 80 mm to 160 mm. Preferably, each seam or part of hand stitching has five to six holes and four to five stitches per one inch (or per 25.4 mm). 
       FIG. 22  shows the closed ball cover after the inlet opening  9  is closed by the closure stitching  12  and bonding/connecting by adhesive and or glue  3 A on lateral edges of adjacent panel which have been turned and or folded. as conducted in the closing step  170 . These seams may look like they have no stitches  200 . There are two ways of achieving this stitch-less closure of inlet opening. By high frequency turning of only the lateral edges of panel  1  which are left for inlet opening. Or by hot melt turning of only lateral edges of panel  1  which are left for inlet opening. The approximate length of the lines of machine sewing is up to about 45 mm. The approximate length of the lines of stitch less seams is about 80 mm to 160 mm. Preferably, each seam or part of hand stitching has five to six holes and four to five stitches per one inch (or per 25.4 mm). 
       FIGS. 23 to 26  show schematic views of the closed ball inside a mold for the final molding step  180 . Before molding, air under pressure is injected into the restricted bladder that has been sewn inside the ball cover during closing step  170 , so that the bladder is inflated during the molding process. This pressure expands the bladder and compresses the structure of the ball cover  8 . After air injection, the ball is placed inside a molding device, such as the shaping molds  13  schematically depicted in broken lines in  FIGS. 15 and 16 , shown surrounding sewn-shut balls with cut-away portions showing the wrapped, inflated bladders within. In molding step  180 , the mold  13  is sealed shut, and forced heat and pressure are applied to the ball in the mold  13 . This final shaping step  180  plays two major roles. Heat activates the glue  3 A on the edges of each of the panels  1 , and starts the welding process in the seams between adjoining panels  1 . Heat also softens the panels  1 , the internal padding layer  6 , and the internal valve padding layer  14 . As the result of the mold step  180 , the sports ball has uniform panels  1  which are welded together at their adjoining edges by the activated glue  3 B, and has a consistent round shape with the correct volume to comply with game play regulations. This final shaping mold step  180  welds  3 B the sports ball, makes uniform any uneven stitching, and forces the sports ball to have the best possible round shape. It basically plays the role of “ironing” the ball into its final shape. After molding and cooling, the finished ball may preferably have its bladder deflated for shipping. 
       FIGS. 27A-27C  show details of the material that is used to form the outer ball cover. The plurality of panels  1  is cutouts from a first sheet material  16 , which is a laminated sheet material. The laminated first sheet  16  is preferably comprised of six layers of components laminated together, namely, upper casing material  17 , multiple layers of adhesive  18 , rubber foam  19 , and fabric  20 . These layers are described below, respective of the position of each in lamination:
         1 st  layer: Upper (outer) casing material  17  which consists of leather or synthetic leather. This material can be TPU (Thermo Polyurethane) film, PU (Polyurethane) synthetic leather, and/or PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) synthetic leather. The upper casing material has an upper (outer) side  17 A and a bottom (inner) side  17 B. TPU film is a film with a thickness between 0.1 mm-0.30 mm. The PU synthetic leather may preferably have a thickness between 0.30 mm-1.3 mm. The PVC synthetic leather may preferably have a thickness between 0.55 mm-1.6 mm.   2 nd , 4 th  and 6 th  layers: Adhesive  18 . These layers preferably are comprised of a latex adhesive which is in the form of natural rubber with 60% dry rubber content (DRC) and 40% water. In alternate embodiments, one or more of these layers may alternatively be applied after cutting instead of being laminated within the sheet material.   3 rd  layer: Rubber foam  19 , which preferably is EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) foam, POE (Polyolefin) foam, and/or EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) foam.   5 th  layer: Fabric  20  preferably is a woven cloth or textile.       

     The layers above are depicted in  FIG. 27C . In the cutting step  110 , cutouts as shown in  FIG. 27B  are made from the above-described laminated first sheet material  16  depicted in  FIG. 27A  to form the outer panels  1  of the ball, in a predetermined shape according to the type and style of ball to be made. The heat reactive glue  3 A is coated onto the peripheral edges of the upper (outer) surface  17 A of each panel  1 . 
     In the cutting step  110 , cutouts also are made from the second sheet material  21 , shown in  FIGS. 28A-28C  and described below, to form the internal padding layer  6 , and from the laminated third sheet material  22  to make the internal valve padding layer  14 . 
       FIG. 28A  is a schematic representation showing details of the second sheet material  21  that forms the internal padding layer  6 . A plurality of cutouts are made from the second sheet material  21  as depicted in  FIG. 28B . As shown in  FIG. 28C , the second sheet  21  is preferably comprised of a rubber foam layer  19 . 
     Preferably, this rubber foam  19  of  FIGS. 28A-28C  is EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) foam, POE (Polyolefin) foam, and/or EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) foam. The internal padding layer cut-outs  6  are thus comprised of one layer of rubber foam at the time they are cut from the second sheet material  21 . 
     Later, a layer of adhesive  18  will be coated onto this foam layer  19  of cut-out internal padding layer pieces  6  during the internal padding layer application step  140 . This later-added adhesive coating layer is represented as the adhesive layer  18  on top of the foam layer  19  in  FIG. 28C . The adhesive layer  18  preferably is comprised of a latex adhesive which is in the form of natural rubber with 60% dry rubber content (DRC) and 40% water. In alternative embodiments, the adhesive layer  18  is a layer laminated onto foam layer  19  before the cutting step. In alternative embodiments, a second (bottom) adhesive layer  18  also is laminated onto the opposite side of the foam layer from the first (top) adhesive layer  18 . 
     The cutouts  6  are cut in a predetermined shape to correspond to the shape of the respective panel  1  of the ball to which the cutout  6  is to be affixed. A number of perforations (perforated holes  7 ) are perforated, cut, or punched into the second sheet material  21  during the cutting process  110 . A cutting tool used to cut the cutouts of the internal padding layer  6  preferably plays two major roles: it cuts out the padding layer pieces in the predetermined shape, and at the same time it makes the perforations  7  in the padding layer. The size of each internal padding layer cutout  6  with the perforated holes  7  is smaller than that of the corresponding panel  1  of the ball cover. Preferably, the cutting tool makes the perforations  7 , but alternatively the second sheet material  21  can be used that already contains perforations  7 . 
     The perforated holes  7  in the internal padding layer  6  provide surprising effects of extra softness, bounce, and play responsiveness to the finished sports ball. This is because the holes  7  form an “air spring” having a springing effect within the area of the gap between the exterior surface of the restricted bladder  10 A,  10 B and the interior surface of the outer ball cover  8 . 
       FIGS. 29A-29C  show schematic representations of details of the material that forms the internal valve padding layer  7 . For each ball, a cutout for padding the inside of the bladder valve hole panel  2  is made from the laminated third sheet  22 . The laminated third sheet  22  is preferably comprised of five layers of components laminated together; rubber foam  19 , multiple layers of adhesive  18 , and fabric  20 , as shown in  FIG. 19C  and described below:
         1 st , 3 rd  and 5 th  layer: Adhesive  18 . The adhesive layers  18  preferably are comprised of a latex adhesive which is in form of a natural rubber with 60% dry rubber content (DRC) and 40% water. In alternate embodiments, one or more of these layers may alternatively be applied after cutting instead of being laminated within the sheet material.   2 nd  layer: Rubber foam  19 . Preferably the rubber foam layer  19  is an EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) foam, POE (Polyolefin) foam, and/or EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) foam.   4 th  layer: Fabric  20 . Fabric  20  preferably is a woven cloth or textile.       

     In a preferred embodiment, all three of the rubber foam layers  19  are the same thickness. That is, the rubber foam layer  19  of the laminated third sheet  22  is the same thickness as the rubber foam layer  19  of the laminated first sheet  16 , and of the rubber foam layer  19  of the second sheet  21 . 
     The cutout for padding the inside of the bladder valve hole panel  2  is made from the laminated third sheet  22 , and a valve hole  15  is cut, punched, or perforated into the interior valve padding layer  14 . Also, the internal valve padding layer  14  has perforations or holes  7  cut, punched, or perforated into it as part of the cutting process  110 . The valve hole  15  receives insertion of the bladder valve. 
     After the cutout of the internal valve padding layer  14  with perforated holes  7  and valve hole  15  is made in the predetermined shape corresponding to the shape of the valve hole panel  2 , the internal valve padding layer  14  is pasted and or adhered onto the bottom layer of valve hole panel  2  of ball cover in an inside out position, which will become the innermost layer of the panel  2  after inversion. The internal valve padding layer  14  is perforated with holes and the valve hole  15  during the cutting process  110 , resulting in the shape shown in  FIG. 29B . A cutting tool used to cut the internal valve padding layer  14  plays two major roles; it cuts out the internal valve padding layer  14  in the predetermined shape, and at the same time it creates the holes  7  and the valve hole  15  in the internal valve padding layer  14 . Alternatively, the laminated third sheet material  22  can already contain the perforations  7  prior to cutting. The size of the internal valve padding layer cutout  14  with the perforated holes  7  and valve hole  15  is smaller than that of the corresponding valve hole panel  2  of the ball cover. 
     Similarly to those of the cutouts  6 , the perforated holes  7  made in the internal valve padding layer  14  (see  FIG. 29B ) also provide the surprising spring effect, with extra softness, bounce, and responsiveness of the sports ball. This is because the holes  7  form an air spring having a springing effect within the area of the gap between the exterior surface of the restricted bladder  10 A,  10 B and the interior surface of the outer ball cover  8 . 
     The valve hole  15  in the internal valve padding layer  14  has the same hole size (diameter) as the valve hole formed in the outer valve panel  2  of the ball cover  8 . This allows the bladder valve  11  to easily be inserted up to valve of ball cover  8 . The correct size also helps achieve strong affixation and or adhering of the restricted bladder  10 A,  10 B to the internal valve padding layer  14 . 
       FIG. 20  is a schematic representation of a cross-sectional view showing two adjoining panels  1 , 1  stitched together after the stitching step  130 .  FIG. 21  is a schematic representation of a cross-sectional view showing two adjoining panels  1 ,  1  stitched together, with their respective adhered internal padding layer cutouts  6 ,  6 , shown after the molding step  180 . As can be seen by comparing  FIG. 30  to  FIG. 31 , the glue  3 A has been changed by the molding process  180 , insofar as that the applied heat and pressure have converted the glue  3 A into activated glue  3 B, which tightens the stitches  23  and helps to fill in the seams, to reduce any loose space between adjoining panels  1 ,  1 . Activated glue  3 B has been expanded by the heat and pressure such that it spreads and emerges a bit above stitching area, as shown at the top of the view of  FIG. 21 , thus covering up the stitches to make the seams appear to be stitch-free. After heating and cooling, the cooled glue shrinks back very slightly. The activated glue  3 B in the seam between two panels  1 ,  1  bonds the panel to its adjoining panel by crosslinking. 
     This bonding activation via heat makes a stronger strength of bonding after cooling, and the expanded glue  3 B makes the stitching invisible in the preferred embodiment. Thus the appearance of the finished ball is similar to that of a laminated and/or thermo-bonded ball such as the official soccer balls used in the 2014 World Cup held in Brazil. 
     Sometimes during the manufacturing process the sports ball might have some loose and or exposed stitching portions due to mishandling during production process. In order to disguise or hide the loose and or exposed stitching portions, glue is applied on seams after the molding process. This glue is the same glue  3 A applied on the peripheral edges of the top surface  17 A of panels  1  and  2 . This is an extra precautionary step to make sure the appearance of finished ball is flawless and the seams are protected. 
     A number of examples of alternative panel shapes that may be employed in the invention are shown in  FIGS. 32A-32B, 33A-33B, 34A-34C, 35, and 36 . The shapes are preferably the typical panel shapes known in the sports industry, particularly in the soccer industry. As seen in these figures, panel shapes used to form a given sports ball need not always be the same shapes. A set of panels sewn together to form a given sports ball can comprise panels of two or more shapes, and/or can comprise panels of different sizes. In a preferred embodiment of the invention herein, all panels are of the hexagonal and pentagonal shapes, and are sewn together to form a spherical sports ball. 
     While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only certain exemplary embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the inventions are desired to be protected. It should be understood that while the use of words such as preferable, preferably, preferred or more preferred utilized in the description above indicate that the feature so described may be more desirable, it nonetheless may not be necessary, and embodiments lacking the same and excluding the same also may be contemplated as within the scope of the invention, the scope being defined by the claims that follow. In reading the claims, it is intended that when words such as “a,” “an,” “at least one,” or “at least one portion” are used there is no intention to limit the claim to only one item unless specifically stated to the contrary in the claim. When the language “at least a portion” and/or “a portion” or “portions” is used the item can include a portion and/or the entire item unless specifically stated to the contrary. 
     LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 
       1  cut-out panel 
     E 1  side edge of cut-out panel 
       2  cut-out valve hole panel 
       3 A pre-activated adhesive on panel edges 
       3 B activated adhesive on panel edges 
     E 3  edge of band of glue coating 
       4  inside-out ball cover 
       5  inside-out ball cover with applied internal padding layer 
       6  cut-out internal padding layer 
       7  perforated holes in internal padding layer 
       8  right-side out (turned) ball cover 
       9  inlet opening 
       10 A bladder with yarn winding 
       10 B bladder with fabric wrapping 
       11  valve 
       12  closure stitching 
       13  mold 
       14  internal valve padding layer 
       15  valve hole in internal padding layer 
       16  laminated first sheet material for panels 
       17  outer casing of panel 
       17 A upper outermost side of panel outer casing (top surface of panel) 
       17 B bottom side of panel outer casing 
       18  adhesive layer 
       19  foam layer 
       20  fabric layer 
       21  second sheet material for internal padding layer 
       22  laminated third sheet material for internal valve padding layer 
       23  stitching 
       23 X stitch line 
       100  manufacturing method 
       110  cutting step 
       120  adhesive application step 
       130  stitching step 
       140  internal padding layer application step 
       150  cover turning step 
       160  bladder insertion step 
       170  closing step 
       180  molding step 
       190  folded/turned lateral edge 
       200  closure bonding and or connecting 
       210  melted layer 
       220  closing step by bonding and or connecting of folded and or turned lateral edge of 
     adjacent panels