Abstract:
Provided are holders for compactly storing infusion management systems to surfaces. In an embodiment the holder apparatus has a head portion for receiving and infusion management system trunk portion and a foot for receiving an apex portion of the infusion management system. The holder apparatus may be mounted to a wall so that the infusion management system is compactly stored and then mounted against the wall, thereby dramatically decreasing the storage footprint of the systems when not in use, without sacrificing the ability to conveniently and rapidly deploy the system when needed. Also provided are infusion management systems configured for use with the holder apparatus and related methods of storing the system.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent App. No. 61/301,843 filed Feb. 5, 2010, which is hereby incorporated by reference to the extent not inconsistent with the disclosure herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Despite the ongoing and growing demand for patient mobility, load capacity, multi-functionality, safety and stability, the basic IV pole design has not significantly changed since the 1920&#39;s. Thus, it is not surprising that the basic IV pole design is obsolete and represents, at best, a nuisance and in many situations a hazard for both patients and patient caregivers, including hospital personal. Not uncommonly, the basic IV pole is prone to tipping, especially on carpets and when encountering bumps or any surface transitions (e.g., elevator, carpet/hard surface transition, doorways, etc.). 
     As the complexity of medical care has increased, so has the number, amount and weight of medical materials needed to be connected to a patient, including a patient that is to ambulate. In fact, depending on the medical intervention, a single patient may have a dozen or more infusions proceeding simultaneously. This makes the conventional IV pole rather top heavy and prone to tipping in response to the slightest perturbation. Accordingly, IV poles are involved in a significant percentage of injury-causing falls in hospital settings. Each year, it is estimated that about 1 million or more patients will fall in acute care settings and that about 30% will incur moderate-severe injuries, burdening the healthcare system with a significant additional cost. This problem is further exacerbated as Medicare no longer pays extra for specific conditions that could be avoided if the hospital followed proven preventive procedures or common-sense precautions. Medicare no longer pays hospitals for extra care given to patients injured by falls in the hospital and many private insurers are following Medicare&#39;s lead. 
     There is, therefore, a need in the art for superior alternatives to conventional intra-venous (IV) poles that mount infusion pump devices, IV bags, and other medical materials that provides safe ambulation for patients undergoing IV therapy. Various alternatives are described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0156946. 
     An additional drawback to the IV poles currently used is that they are very difficult to store. Generally, when not in use they are clustered together in a storeroom (or an unused patient room converted to a storage room), or at the end of a hall. This clustering results in a jumble of devices that may be difficult to access when a pole is needed, as well as occupying valuable hospital space that could be better utilized. This is not a simple problem because a typical hospital likely owns hundreds of IV poles. 
     Even in smaller settings, such as doctors&#39; offices, the presence of only a couple of IV poles can present serious storage issues. The apparatus holders for IMS, IMS units, and related methods provided herein address the need for a safe, stable and reliable infusion management system that addresses the deficiencies identified herein, but also provide compact storage and ready deployment by a single caregiver. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In the medical field, conventional IV pole systems that are capable of simultaneously supporting medically-required items without adversely affecting patient mobility are extremely limited, as discussed in U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2008/0156946. Provided herein are devices, systems and methods that address, among others, the lack of storability of those conventional IV poles. In particular, disclosed herein is an infusion management system unit (IMS) capable of extreme compactability and storage that is convenient, safe and reliable. Furthermore, provided are holders that can secure and store the IMS in locations that minimize the required storage footprint and in locations that do not interfere with patient care, while ensuring the IMS is readily available to the caregiver and/or the patient. Methods related to storing an IMS and an IMS and holder in combination, are also provided. 
     In an embodiment, the invention is an apparatus for mounting an infusion management system to a wall, such as a holder capable of reversibly holding the IMS, wherein the holder is connected to the wall. In an aspect, the apparatus comprises a head comprising a holder for reversibly mounting a trunk portion of the infusion management system to the head, and a foot comprising an apex catch for reversibly mounting an apex region of the infusion management system to the foot. Optionally, the head and the foot are individual components that are not directly attached to each other. Optionally, the head and the foot are connected to each other, such as by a direct connection, or by a third component such as a neck. Optionally, the head and the foot are formed from a single integrated body. 
     In an embodiment, the head&#39;s holder comprises a pair of vertically opposed flappers that reversibly mounts a trunk hold portion of the infusion management system to the head. As used herein, “trunk hold portion” refers to the configuration where a specific location of the trunk is secured by physical contact with the holder, rather than the entire trunk. In an aspect, the trunk outer surface is shaped, and the flappers that make physical contact with the trunk outer surface to hold the trunk have a shaped flapper contact surface correspondingly shaped to conform to the trunk outer surface shape for additional contact surface area. For example, for a circular outer surface trunk shape, the flapper contact surface is correspondingly circular shaped (e.g., the contact surface is provided as a portion of a circle). Similarly, any arbitrary trunk outer surface shape can dictate the shape of the flapper contact surface. In certain embodiments where it is desirable to minimize the likelihood of rotational trunk slip, it is preferred the trunk not be circular, but instead have extended or elongated edges that may be positioned in the flapper, without unduly hindering the ability of the flappers to reliably and easily capture and/or release the IMS trunk. 
     In an embodiment, the holder further comprises a locking hood operably connected to the flappers, wherein in a stored configuration the locking hood engages the flappers to secure the flappers in a closed position, and in an empty configuration the locking hood is not engaged to the flappers and the flappers may be positioned in either an open or closed configuration. There are many configurations that can achieve this locking hood and flapper operability to achieve holder functionality. For example, the flappers may be manually closed and a shaped locking hood placed over the flappers to ensure they do not accidentally release. To open the flappers, the locking hood may be removed. Alternatively, the locking hood may be engaged by the user or in response to a force generated on the head by introduction of an IMS to the head. Alternatively, the flappers may be secured directly into place without a locking hood. 
     In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a flapper spring (or, equivalently, a tensioning element) having a first end connected to a first flapper and a second end connected to a second flapper, wherein the flapper spring is in a stretched configuration when the locking hood is engaged with the pair of vertically opposed flappers and is in a relaxed configuration when the locking hood is not engaged with the pair of vertically opposed flappers. Accordingly, to prevent the flappers from relaxing into an open configuration once closed, locking hood is placed over the flappers. A person skilled in the art will appreciate other configurations may achieve similar functionality, including springs that act to close flappers and locking hoods that ensure flappers are unlocked as desired. 
     In an aspect, the holder apparatus further comprises an alignment holder. The alignment holder can help facilitate positioning of the IMS with the holder, and particularly the trunk and the head. The alignment holder may comprise a rotatable release hook connected to the head and a rotatable release handle rotatably connected to the rotatable release hook. “Rotatably connected” refers to the rotation of one element resulting in rotation of a second element. In this aspect, rotation of the release handle rotates the rotatable release hook to align and secure an infusion management system to the head of the holder, or to facilitate removal of an infusion management system from the head of the holder, such as by interaction with an actuation slot in the trunk. In an aspect, engagement of the release hook with the actuation slot activates or pulls a release mechanism in the infusion management system that permits the base arms to rotate to and from a stowed state. Accordingly, for safety during use of the IMS the base arms, in an aspect, can only rotate relative to the trunk when the actuation slot is engaged, such as by engagement of the wall mount release hook with the actuation slot to pull a release mechanism in the actuation slot of the IMS. 
     In an embodiment, a shaft is connected to the rotatable release hook and to the rotatable release handle, so that a user rotating the release handle generates rotation in the shaft and corresponding rotation in the release hook. 
     In an aspect, the apparatus further comprises a guide face having a surface that substantially conforms to a trunk surface of the infusion management system and a release hook slot positioned in the guide face, wherein the rotatable release hook at least partially extends through the release hook slot. In an embodiment, the guide face surface is shaped or contoured to conform to the trunk surface that is to-be-positioned adjacent to the guide face surface. For example, the guide face surface may be at least partially concave to accommodate a convex shaped trunk surface. Such a configuration facilitates intimate contact between the trunk surface and the head. 
     In another embodiment, the apparatus apex catch comprises an opening and an apex mount for securing the infusion management system apex region in the opening, including an apex region having a mountable protrusion capable of being secured by the apex catch and opening in the foot. 
     In an aspect, the foot comprises a tapered body, the tapered body having minimum taper at a top end and a maximum taper at a bottom end, wherein the apex catch is at least partially positioned in the bottom end. 
     Any of the holders provided herein optionally further comprise a neck that connects to the head and the foot, wherein the neck has a first end connected to the head and a second end connected to the foot. 
     Any of the holders provided herein further comprise fasteners for fastening the head, the foot, or both the head and the foot to a wall. 
     In an aspect, any of the holder apparatus disclosed herein further comprise an infusion management system operably connected to the apparatus, wherein the infusion management system has a trunk reversibly connected to the head and an apex region reversibly connected to the foot. In an embodiment, the infusion management system has an alignment or an actuation slot in the trunk for reversibly engaging the rotatable release hook. 
     In another embodiment, the invention relates to, in combination, a holder apparatus and an IMS mounted thereto, such as a holder apparatus disclosed herein and an infusion management system having a trunk. The infusion management system comprises a trunk having a bottom end connected to an apex region and a top end that is at the opposite end of the trunk from the bottom end. A movable crown (for supporting various medical-related items, such as fluid bags) is operably connected to the trunk. The movable crown has a bottom crown end and a top crown end, with a longitudinal rail connecting the bottom crown end to the top crown end. In this manner, the length of the movable crown generally corresponds to the longitudinal length of the rails (plus the height of each of the crown). In this aspect, “operably connected” refers to the ability of the movable crown to move along the trunk axis and be positioned as desired ranging from longitudinal rails exposed above the trunk to longitudinal rails substantially or completely coincident with the trunk. In an aspect there is a single longitudinal rail. In an aspect there are two longitudinal rails, such as longitudinal rails that are vertically opposed and parallel to each other, with a portion of the trunk disposed and separating the rails when the movable crown is at least partially stored. In this manner, the longitudinal rails conform to the trunk outer surface. In an aspect there are more than two longitudinal rails. In an aspect, in a crown-stored configuration the movable crown spans a longitudinal crown portion of the trunk. In combination, the apex portion is positioned in the apex catch of the foot and a trunk hold portion positioned in the longitudinal crown portion of the trunk and is secured by the holder. 
     In another embodiment, the IMS further comprises an actuation slot in the trunk; wherein the release hook in the head is operably connected to the actuation slot. In this configuration, the release hook can assist in IMS alignment with the holder and also in storing and releasing the IMS from the apparatus and the holder in the head. 
     Also provided are various methods for reversibly mounting an infusion management system to a receiving surface. In an aspect, the method comprises providing an infusion management system comprising a trunk and an apex region and a surface mount (e.g., a holder apparatus), including any of the holder apparatus disclosed herein. In an aspect, the surface mount has a head connected to the surface, the head having a holder for receiving at least a portion of the infusion management system trunk (e.g., a trunk hold portion), and a foot connected to the surface, the foot having an apex catch for receiving at least a portion of the apex region of infusion management system. The at least a portion of the apex region is positioned in the apex catch and the head holder is secured around the trunk hold portion, thereby reversibly mounting the infusion management system to the receiving surface. In an aspect, the receiving surface is a wall, so that the IMS is secured to the wall via the surface mount. In another aspect the apex region comprises a mountable protrusion that is capable of being secured by the foot apex catch. 
     In an aspect, the infusion management system further comprises a pair of base arms rotatably connected to the trunk, the method further comprising rotating the pair of base arms to a position that is substantially parallel to the trunk. In this aspect, “substantially parallel” refers to the longitudinal axis of the base arm that is within about 10° of parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trunk, including within 5°, 1° or is parallel. Similarly, the movable crown may comprise one or two (or more) longitudinal rails that when stored, are substantially parallel or conforming to the trunk outer surface shape. 
     In another embodiment, the invention is an infusion management system, including infusion management systems configured for compact storage against a wall surface by an IMS holder. In an aspect, the IMS has a trunk, the trunk extending between bottom and top ends thereof, and an actuation slot positioned in a front face of the trunk. A movable crown system is movably connected to the trunk, particularly for movement in a direction along the trunk axis. The movable crown system comprises a top crown, a bottom crown and a pair of longitudinal rails, each rail having a first end that connects to the top crown and a second end that connects to the bottom crown. In this manner, movement of one element, such as the bottom crown, results in movement of the longitudinal rails and of the top crown. The movable crown has a deployed position and a stored position. The deployed position corresponds to the top crown in a position that is separated by a separation distance from the top of the trunk. The movable crown stored position corresponds to the top crown that is adjacent to the trunk top and longitudinal rails that do not extend beyond the trunk. Alternatively, the movable crown has a deployed position and a stored position, the deployed position corresponding to the bottom crown in a position that is beneath the actuation slot and the deployed position corresponding to the bottom crown that is above the actuation slot. 
     In an aspect, in a fully deployed position the bottom crown is adjacent to the trunk top end. In an aspect, in a fully stored position the top crown is adjacent to the trunk top end and the bottom crown is at a position on the trunk that is beneath the actuation slot position. “Fully”, as used in this aspect, refers to the maximum extent of deployment or storage has been reached and no further motion in the respective direction is possible. 
     In an embodiment, the IMS further comprises a base comprising a first base arm and a second base arm, wherein one end of each of the base arms is connected to the trunk bottom end to form an apex region, and the base arms and the apex region define a two-sided base footprint, wherein the apex region comprises a nose cap having a front surface shaped to form a mountable protrusion. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic of one embodiment of a wall-mountable holder for an IMS. A is a front view and B is a rear view. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic of an IMS holder with the flappers unlocked in an open configuration and ready to receive an IMS. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic of an IMS in a fully-deployed configuration. 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic of an IMS with the movable crown and handle arms in a fully-stored configuration. 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic of an IMS in a fully-stored configuration. 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic of an IMS in a fully-stored configuration and mounted to the holder. A is a perspective view and B is a side view. The arrow in B indicates the direction of a force for removing the IMS from the holder. 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic of the housing head portion of the holder. 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic of a catch/release mechanism of the holder head. 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic of the holder in an open (left panel) and a closed (right panel) configuration. 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic showing one embodiment of the catch/release mechanism as an IMS trunk portion is positioned in the holder head portion (A and B) and subsequently held by the flappers and locking hood of the catch mechanism (C). 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic of a neck portion of the holder showing a front (A) and a back (B) view. 
         FIG. 12  is a schematic of the holder foot portion showing a back (left panel) and front (right panel) view. 
         FIG. 13  is a schematic of a catch/release mechanism for aligning and further securing an IMS to the holder. 
         FIG. 14  is a schematic of a release handle that provides user-controllable reversible engagement of the release hook with a portion of the IMS trunk by incorporation of a shaft. A is a schematic of the rotatable connections. B illustrates the device of A incorporated into the housing head. 
         FIG. 15  is a schematic of the trunk portion of an IMS capable of reversibly engaging the release hook of the holder illustrated in  FIGS. 13-14 . 
         FIG. 16  is a schematic of the release hook engaging an IMS trunk. 
         FIG. 17  illustrates a holder mounted to the wall and a deployed IMS in vicinity to the holder. 
         FIG. 18  illustrates a process for compactly storing and mounting an IMS to a wall. A. A deployed IMS is positioned in the vicinity to a wall-mounted holder (wall not shown). B. The apex region of the IMS is positioned in the apex catch of the holder and the arm holder and movable crown are stored; C. The trunk is secured by the head holder; D. The IMS is sully stored in a compact configuration adjacent to a wall surface and readily available for subsequent release and use. 
         FIG. 19  Close-up view of the nose cone and apex region of the IMS. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention may be further understood by the following non-limiting examples. All references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the extent not inconsistent with the disclosure herewith. Although the description herein contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of the invention. For example, thus the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and their equivalents, rather than by the examples given. 
     Example 1 
     Wall-Mountable Holder for Storing an IMS 
       FIGS. 1-2  are schematics of a holder designed to be connected to a surface, such as a wall, and to which an IMS may be compactly and conveniently stored. In this embodiment, the apparatus holder  10  comprises a head  100 , a foot  300 , and a neck  500  that is connected to the head at a neck first end  510  and to the foot at a neck second end  520 , such as at connection points or fasteners  530  at ends  510  and  520 . Neck  500  is an optional component that can be used to provide additional structural support to the overall holder  10  and to assist in positioning the head  100  and foot  300  and, in particular, facilitate precise separation between those portions to ensure good fit to an IMS that is to be mounted to holder  10 . 
     In operation, the head  100  functions to reliably secure a trunk portion of the IMS, such as by a holder  110 . In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the holder  110  further comprises a pair of flappers  130  that are vertically opposed to each other. In particular, flapper pair  130  provide physical contact with a trunk of the IMS. Locking hood  140  is operably connected to the flappers  130 . In this aspect, “operably connected” refers to elements that are connected in a manner to preserve functionality of each element and, accordingly, need not be directly connected to each other. In particular, in a position where the flappers  130  are engaged in a closed position (e.g., to securely hold the IMS trunk), locking hood  140  is positioned to prevent flappers  130  from opening. In contrast, when flappers  130  are desired to be in an open position (e.g., to facilitate release of the IMS trunk from the head  100 ), locking hood  140  can be positioned so as to not engage or confine position of flappers  130  (see, e.g.,  FIG. 2 ).  FIG. 1  shows the locking hood and flappers in an engaged or closed position  144  and  FIG. 2  shows an open configuration  142 . Rotatable release hook  150  provides additional functionality to further facilitate releasable connection between the IMS and the holder. 
     Foot  300  is configured to receive the nose or apex region of an IMS. In the illustrated embodiment of  FIG. 1 , the foot has an apex catch  310  having an opening  320  and an apex mount  330  for reliably supporting and securing the bottom apex portion of the stored IMS to the foot. The foot may be configured to have a tapered body  350  having a top end  360  with a minimum taper and a bottom end  370  having a maximum taper. 
     Holder  10  can be mounted to a surface, such as a wall surface, by any means known in the art, such as by adhesives or fasteners. As desired, fastener holes  610  may be positioned through both head and neck, foot and neck, head only, foot only, neck only, or any combination thereof. As explained further in Example 2, it is important that the configuration and positioning of the head  100  and foot  300  relative to each other be matched to the IMS to ensure reliable connection between apparatus  10  and the IMS and also the apparatus  10  and the support surface (e.g., a wall) to which the holder is connected. 
     Example 2 
     IMS Configured for Use with the Holder of Example 1 
     The holder may be configured and design to mate to any number of different pieces of equipment that compactly fold and present an available longitudinal axis for the holder. In an embodiment, the holder is for use with an IMS, including the IMS disclosed in U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2008/0156946 (which is hereby specifically incorporated by reference for the IMS disclosed therein). In an embodiment, the holder is configured to hold any of the IMS provided herein, including the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 3-5 . 
     In an embodiment, the IMS is configured for stability and maneuverability, even under a heavy load. Furthermore, the IMS is capable of being compactly stored when not in use when connected to the holder apparatus disclosed herein. Referring to  FIG. 3 , IMS stability is achieved by providing a relatively large base footprint  790  formed by base arms  730  and  740  and a trunk  710  angled to ensure the center of mass of the system is centrally positioned relative to the base footprint. Trunk  710  is operably connected, either directly or indirectly, to various elements such as hooks  860  or pump mount  850  from which medical instruments or compositions can be supported. 
       FIG. 3  is an IMS that is fully deployed. In a fully deployed position each of the deployable elements, including movable crown system  800  (comprising top crown  810 , bottom crown  820 , and crown longitudinal rails  830 ), operation handles  840 , pump mount  850 , hooks  860 , and base arms  730  and  740 , are deployed and/or accessible. In contrast, various elements are optionally capable of being compactly stored as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , where the hooks are removed or stored in a recess of the longitudinal rail and the operational handles  840  are received in a recess or passage of the base arms  730  and  740  and  FIG. 5 . 
       FIG. 4  shows the crown system  800  in a fully stored position, where the top crown  810  is adjacent to the trunk top  712 , and in this example in physical contact with the trunk top  712 . The portion of the trunk that is spanned by longitudinal rails  830  is referred to as the longitudinal crown portion  835  The movable crown system  800  can be positioned at various heights by positioning the bottom crown  820  at different longitudinal positions along the trunk longitudinal axis. Because the top crown  810  is rigidly connected to the bottom crown  820  by longitudinal rails  830 , positioning bottom crown  820  provides corresponding positioning of top crown  810 . The maximum movement of the bottom crown  820  to the lowest position on the trunk is constrained by the top crown  810  being prevented from further movement by the trunk top  712  (see  FIG. 4 ). Aspects where the movable crown is not fully deployed or fully stored is referred to as “partially deployed.” 
     Any means known in the art may be used to reliably position the movable crown system  800  with respect to the trunk  710 . In one embodiment, the bottom crown  820  comprises a latch that when engaged generates a connective attachment (e.g., protrusions and slots including pins and holes) or a frictional force with the trunk, sufficient to prevent movement of the movable crown  800 , even under relatively heavy load. When the latch is not engaged, the bottom crown, and corresponding entire crown system  800  is capable of moving along the trunk and trunk axis. In this manner, the movable crown system  800  may be deployed at various distances from the trunk top end  712 . 
     When not in use, the IMS can be compactly stored by rotating base arms  730  and  740  to a position that is substantially parallel to the trunk  710 , as shown in  FIG. 5 . Furthermore, to further facilitate connection with the holder  10 , actuation slot  770  is positioned on the trunk front face  716  between the bottom crown  820  and top crown  810 . In this configuration holder  10 , and specifically head  100  and foot  300 , can secure the IMS  700  ( FIG. 6 ), such as against a wall to which the holder is mounted. In this manner, the IMS can be easily stored in a compact, but accessible manner. The arrow in  FIG. 6B  represents a force applied to remove the IMS from the holder. 
     Connection between the foot apex catch  310  of holder  10  and apex region  720  is facilitated by nose cap  750  illustrated in  FIG. 19 . The nose cap  750  of apex region  720  has a mountable protrusion  760  to further fit into foot  300  apex catch  310  and opening  320 . 
     Example 3 
     Holder Head 
       FIGS. 7-10  illustrate an embodiment of the holder head  100 .  FIG. 7  is the housing portion of the head that accommodates various elements of the head. The left panel is a front view showing the release slot  152  for accommodating the rotatable release hook and a release handle surface  162  for accommodating a rotatable release handle  160  (shown in  FIG. 8 ). The right panel is a back view. The housing is configured to provide various pivots, including hood pivot  1000  and flapper pivot  1010 , for operably connecting the locking hood and the flappers. Various bosses, including mounting bosses  1020  and alignment bosses  1030 , are provided to facilitate mounting and alignment of the head. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates the housing of  FIG. 7  in combination with various elements for securing the IMS trunk. The front view (right panel) shows the release handles  160 , rotatable release hook  150 , locking hood  140 , locking pin  890  and flappers  130  connected to the housing. Rotation of release handles by a user provides a corresponding rotation of the release hook. The pivot directions of the locking hood and flappers are perpendicular to each other and is one example of the interaction between the locking hood and flappers to provide a secure and reliable reversible connection between the trunk of the IMS and the holder. The back view of the head illustrates the use of various tension supplying devices, such as springs, for controlling the position of the flappers and the locking hood. In particular, a flapper spring  200  connected to one end of each of the flappers (e.g., first end  210  connected to first flapper and second end  220  connected to second flapper) normally operates to ensure the flappers are open and ready to receive the trunk portion of the IMS. This is illustrated in  FIG. 9A . Engaging the locking hood from an open position  142  over the flappers into a locked or closed position  144 , however, stretches the flapper spring  200  and brings the vertically opposed flappers from an open position  132  into a closed position  134 , as illustrated in  FIG. 9B . In an aspect, the release handles  160  is operably connected to the locking hood  140  via a shaft  164 , release hook  150  and release spring  166  (see  FIG. 8 , back view). In this manner, rotation of release handle  160  releases locking hood  140 , thereby opening flappers  130  by the resultant force generated by flapper spring relaxing from a stretched state to a less stretched or relaxed state. Accordingly, the trunk portion is ready to be released from the holder. 
       FIG. 10  is a schematic overview of the trunk being positioned between the flappers  130  that are in an open configuration (top two panels) and then being secured by locking hood  140  that is locked over the flappers. The relative positioning of the pivot directions in a substantially orthogonal direction ensures the flappers cannot disengage without release of the locking hood. The cross-sectional view of the trunk  710 , shows the outer trunk surface shaped to have elongated edges  718  when the longitudinal rails  830  are stored, with the flappers correspondingly shaped, to minimize torsional or rotational slip. In particular, when the trunk hold portion  780  is introduced to the holder, there is a flapper initial contact point  136  that forms into a contact area defined by the region of contact of the trunk hold portion corresponding to the flapper contact surface  138 . 
     Example 4 
     Neck and Foot 
       FIG. 11  is a front (left panel) and back (right panel) view of the neck  500  having first  510  and second  520  ends for connecting to the head and foot portions of the holder. Fasteners  600  may be introduced through fastener access passages  610  or mounting holes to mount the holder to the wall. Alignment holes  1110  assist with positioning and separation of the foot and head portions of the holder, such as with alignment bosses (shown in  FIG. 12  for the foot and in  FIG. 7  for the head). 
     One embodiment of a holder&#39;s foot portion is illustrated is  FIG. 12  (back view in left panel and front view in right panel). The nose or apex catch  310  is configured to secure a portion of the IMS apex region, such as a mountable protrusion  760  (see  FIG. 19 ) on the apex that mates with the shape of the foot opening formed by the apex catch. Additional structural support may be achieved by introducing struts  340  to the apex catch (see  FIG. 2 ). Also indicated is a wall trim clearance  1210  (1″×8″). 
     Example 5 
     Reversibly Mounting IMS to Holder 
       FIGS. 6 ,  16  and  18  illustrate, in combination, an IMS and a holder apparatus with the IMS secured by the holder. In particular, the head holder portion securely holds the trunk, and specifically secures a trunk hold portion  780  that corresponds to a trunk location that is coincident with a portion of the longitudinal rails  830  of the movable crown system  800  when the crown system is in the stored configuration. In this example, the stored configuration corresponds to the top crown  810  nesting adjacent with the top  712  of the trunk  710 , and the bottom crown  820  that is beneath both the holder catch mechanism  110  and the actuation slot  770 . 
     For further ease of use, especially for the common medical situation where only one caregiver either stores the IMS in the holder or must retrieve the IMS from the holder for patient use, an alignment holder may be incorporated into the holder.  FIG. 14 , focuses on this aspect of the holder, with the alignment holder corresponding to rotatable release handle  160  with a wear pad  1420  connected to a square shaft  1410  that is connected to release hook  150 . In this manner, each of the elements is operably connected in that rotation of one component causes each of the other components to rotate. The bottom panel of  FIG. 14  is a back view of the alignment holder incorporated into the head.  FIG. 13  shows an alignment tab  1310 , release hook  150 , release handle  160  and a handle dead-stop  1320  in a closed (left panel) and released (right panel) configuration. 
     In an aspect, an actuation slot  770  is provided on a surface of the IMS trunk  710  for engaging the release hook  150 , as summarized in  FIG. 15 . In an aspect, an actuation slot  770  is provided on the front surface  716  of the IMS trunk for engaging the release hook  150 , as summarized in  FIG. 15 . The actuation slot  770  has a release mechanism  775  for facilitating rotation of IMS base arms relative to the trunk. In this manner, the IMS may be safely deployed and used without risk of unwanted rotation of base arms and subsequent instability or collapse of the IMS during use. In an aspect, the release mechanism  775  is connected to an actuation rod that, when engaged, allows the base arms to be rotated. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates a release hook also configured to provide alignment between the IMS and the holder. In particular, the release hook may comprise an alignment extension  154  that is positioned in actuation slot  770  to ensure the IMS is properly aligned with the holder head. Release handle  160  is rotated, thereby rotating the release hook  150  to engage the release mechanism  775  that is positioned in the actuation slot  770  of the IMS. In this example, the action of release hook  150  rotation while engaged with the release mechanism  775 , physically pulls release mechanism  775  which, in turn, is connected to an actuation rod  776  (see  FIG. 15 ) that when pulled by release mechanism allows base arms to rotate. In an aspect, the flappers close around the trunk and stored base arms, thereby securing the trunk and base arms to the holder head portion. Alternatively, the release hook  150  may be disengaged, thereby locking the base arms in the stored position, and the IMS trunk and base arms secured by the flappers that are in a closed configuration. 
     In an aspect, various tensioning means are incorporated into the device to at least partially automate the engage, release and rotation engagement. For example, release handle  160  is rotated to correspondingly move the hook  150 . At sufficient rotation, the actuation rod  776  moves. Handle  160  may be spring-loaded, so that it returns to the original position. When the base arms are rotated into a stored position, such as parallel to the trunk, the base arms lock into position. This locking may be achieved by the shear pin assembly  1510  (shown in the main extrusion  1530  in  FIG. 15 ) within a milled pocket  1520  engaging with a passage or hole in the actuation rod corresponding to a base arm-stored position. To release the base arms, handle  160  is again rotated and the base arms may rotate to a deployed position, the handle  160  is released and it returns to its original position by spring actuation. The shear pin then falls into another hole or passage in the actuation rod corresponding to a base arm-deployed configuration. In this configuration, the interaction of different passages or holes in the actuation rod and the shear pin along with spring loading, provides reliable base arm storage and deployment, facilitated by the release hook  150  of the IMS holder. In particular, the shear pin assembly and the release handle assemble are spring loaded, so that the shear pin assembly tends to push the pin into any available hole or passage and the handle and release hook tends to return to its original position. 
     A cut-away view of the IMS mounted to the holder is shown in the right panel of  FIG. 16 . In particular, the foot is specifically configured to receive the bottom portion of the trunk, and specifically a mountable protrusion  760  located on the leading edge of the apex region or nose cone of the IMS. The upper portion of the trunk (e.g., between the top crown and bottom crown), is reliable secured via the action of the flappers and locking head as well as the release hook. 
       FIGS. 17 and 18  provide a summary of IMS storage against a wall.  FIG. 17  shows the apparatus  10  mounted to a wall surface and a deployed IMS  700 . In  FIG. 18A  a fully-deployed IMS is brought into a position for mounting to a wall by the holder. The movable crown and handles are stored and the apex region is placed and secured in the foot apex catch ( FIG. 18B ). The trunk portion is rotated and engaged in the holder of the head ( FIG. 18C ). Base arms and pump mount are stored in a position that is substantially parallel to the trunk ( FIG. 18D ). The IMS is then ready for use by reversing the process summarized in  FIG. 18 . In this manner, a single person can easily store and mount the IMS and, similarly, deploy the IMS. 
     Unless explicitly otherwise defined herein, “substantially” refers to a value that deviates less than about 10% from the true value. 
     All references cited throughout this application, for example patent documents including issued or granted patents or equivalents; patent application publications; and non-patent literature documents or other source material are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties, as though individually incorporated by reference, to the extent each reference is not inconsistent with the disclosure in this application (for example, a reference that is partially inconsistent is incorporated by reference except for the partially inconsistent portion of the reference). 
     This application relates to U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 29/339,591 (80-09) filed Jul. 2, 2009, which is a continuation of 11/961,834 (173-06) filed Dec. 20, 2007, which claims benefit of 60/883,205 (173-06P) filed Jan. 3, 2007. This application further relates to U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 29/355,328 (8-10) (now U.S. Pat. No. D630,731) and 29/355,329 (152-09) filed Feb. 5, 2010. Each of these patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference to the extent not inconsistent with the disclosure herein. 
     Every formulation or combination of components described or exemplified herein can be used to practice the invention, unless otherwise stated. 
     Whenever a range is given in the specification, for example, a size range or an angle range, all intermediate ranges and subranges, as well as all individual values included in the ranges given are intended to be included in the disclosure. It will be understood that any subranges or individual values in a range or subrange that are included in the description herein can be excluded from the claims herein. 
     All patents and publications mentioned in the specification are indicative of the levels of skill of those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. References cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety to indicate the state of the art as of their publication or filing date and it is intended that this information can be employed herein, if needed, to exclude specific embodiments that are in the prior art. 
     As used herein, “comprising” is synonymous with “including,” “containing,” or “characterized by,” and is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps. As used herein, “consisting of” excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified in the claim element. As used herein, “consisting essentially of” does not exclude materials or steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the claim. In each instance herein any of the terms “comprising”, “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of” may be replaced with either of the other two terms. The invention illustratively described herein may be practiced in the absence of any element or elements, limitation or limitations which is not specifically disclosed herein. 
     One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that materials and methods other than those specifically exemplified can be employed in the practice of the invention without resort to undue experimentation. All art-known functional equivalents, of any such materials and methods are intended to be included in this invention. The terms and expressions which have been employed are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention that in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention claimed. Thus, it should be understood that although the present invention has been specifically disclosed by preferred embodiments and optional features, modification and variation of the concepts herein disclosed may be resorted to by those skilled in the art, and that such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of this invention as defined by the appended claims.