Abstract:
Low temperature hydrosilylaltion reactions to create silicone release coatings utilizing hydridosiloxanes that are branched due to the incorporation of T or Q units, and the inclusion of M H  terminal units. The hydridosiloxanes of the present invention provide for faster reaction at low temperatures while providing the optimal M H  to D H ratio and maintaining the required physical properties of the desired polymer product. The silicone release coatings of the present invention are valuable for use on heat-sensitive supports or films.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention provides a crosslinkable or crosslinked silicone compositions capable of being used in particular to form a release coating on a support or film. In particular, this invention provides branched, hydride-terminated siloxanes that are reactive in a polymerizing hydrosilylation reaction at low temperatures on temperature-sensitive support or film, for example, polymeric films made of polyethylene. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The use of hydridosiloxane fluids as crosslinking agents for the formation of silicone polymers in the reaction with vinylsiloxane polymers is the basis for a variety of applications in the silicone industry. These range from silicone gels in personal care application, to silicone elastomers in injected molding systems, to silicone polymer coating for the release industry. 
         [0003]    Supports coated with a release silicone film can be, for example, an adhesive tape, the inner face of which is coated with a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive and the outer face of which comprises the release silicone coating; or a paper or a polymer film for protecting the adhesive face of a self-adhesive element or pressure-sensitive adhesive; or a polymer film of the polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene, polyethylene or polyethylene terephthalate type. 
         [0004]    One of the more popular coating methods is the polymerization of a solventless solution of a polyhydridosiloxane and a polyvinylpolysiloxane by way of a hydrosilylation polymerization to form a crosslinked silicone polymer on the surface of the support or film, i.e., “release liner.” 
         [0005]    Current hydridosiloxanes used in making release coatings are based on the equilibration of various ratios of trimethylsiloxy (M), dimethylhydridosiloxy (M H ), dimethyldisiloxy (D) and methylhydridodisiloxy (D H ) units that give substantially linear chains. These linear hydridosiloxanes with structures such as, for examples, M a M vi   b D c D H   e  (see published U.S. Patent Application Nos. 2005/0165194 A1 and 2005/00750020), are limited in several ways. The M H /D H  ratio is limited by the fact that only two M H &#39;s can be present in any one molecule. This limits the amount of the fastest SiH group, which is the first to react at low temperatures. It is also limited by the inclusion of any M, which further reduces the M H  content. 
         [0006]    These fluids are further limited in performance by the need for sufficient number of D and D H  monomers to provide high boiling point and sufficient crosslinking to rapidly form a crosslinked polymer network during the reaction with a vinyl siloxane polymer. During coating operations, the silicone coating is generally heated as a very thin film where evaporation of low molecular weight materials rapidly occurs. The physical properties of the silicone coating are dependant on the number of active D H  groups per molecule. Thus, the M H  to D H  ratio of any linear polymer must be low to insure sufficient crosslinking and be high enough in molecular weight not to rapidly boil away during the coating process. 
         [0007]    While coating is currently done on paper and films such as polyester (PET) which can tolerate high temperatures, for example, 150° C. during the coating process, thermal solventless coating are difficult and very expensive to produce on temperature sensitive films such as, for example, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polypropylene coated Kraft paper (PPK), polyethylene coated Kraft paper (PEK) and multilayer laminate film made with temperature sensitive components. 
         [0008]    The crosslinkable silicone release composition of the present invention gain further advantage in coating substrates that would benefit from coating at lower temperatures. Thus for example, Super Calendared Kraft (SCK) paper is currently coated at 150° C., where the high temperature causes excessive drying of the paper. Under atmospheric conditions the paper absorbs water and curls. The curling creates problems with later label attachment and label processing. Currently the industry requires a “rewetting” process with steam to prevent curling. Thus low temperature curing, as for example, less than 100° C., reduces the initial drying and obviates the need for “rewetting” to obtain flat silicone coated SCK liners. 
         [0009]    Similarly, both paper and films with high glass transition temperatures, i.e., Tg&#39;s, can gain advantage using low temperature cure formulations if the energy required for curing is lower. Lower temperatures can save a considerable amount on the energy requirements for coating. 
         [0010]    As such, there remains a need in the industry for thermal solventless release coatings for use on temperature sensitive films which are easy to produce and cost effective. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    The present invention provides a polyhydridosiloxane having the general Formula (1): 
         [0000]      Q u T v D w D H   x M H   y M z    (1) 
         [0000]    wherein: 
         [0012]    each occurrence of Q is independently given by SiO 4/2 ; 
         [0013]    each occurrence of T is independently given by R 1 SiO 3     /2    wherein each occurrence of R 1  is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbons; 
         [0014]    each occurrence of D is independently given by R 2 R 3 SiO 2/2  wherein each occurrence of R 2  and R 3  is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbons; 
         [0015]    each occurrence of D H  is independently given by HR 4 SiO 2/2  wherein each occurrence of R 4  is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbons; 
         [0016]    each occurrence of M is independently selected from the group consisting of R 5 R 6 R 7 SiO 1/2 , R 5 O 1/2  and HO 1/2  wherein each occurrence of R 5 , R 6  and R 7  is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbons; and 
         [0017]    each occurrence of M H  is independently given by HR 8 R 9 SiO 1/2  wherein each occurrence of R 8  and R 9  is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbons; 
         [0018]    each occurrence of the subscripts u, v, w, x, y and z is independently an integer wherein u is from 0 to 10, v is from 0 to 10, w is from 0 to 100, x is from 1 to 100, y is from 1 to 10, and z is from 0 to 10 such that u+v equals 1 to 10, x+y equals 3 to 100, and y+z equals 3 to 10. 
         [0019]    The invention further includes a crosslinkable silicone release coating composition comprising: 
         [0020]    a) at least one polyhydridosiloxane having the general Formula (1): 
         [0000]      Q u T v D w D H   x M H   y M z    (1) 
         [0000]    wherein: 
         [0021]    each occurrence of Q is independently given by SiO 4/2 ; 
         [0022]    each occurrence of T is independently given by R 1 SiO 3     /2    wherein each occurrence of R 1  is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbons; 
         [0023]    each occurrence of D is independently given by R 2 R 3 SiO 2/2  wherein each occurrence of R 2  and R 3  is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbons; 
         [0024]    each occurrence of D H  is independently given by HR 4 SiO 2/2  wherein each occurrence of R 4  is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbons; 
         [0025]    each occurrence of M is independently selected from the group consisting of R 5 R 6 R 7 SiO 1/2 , R 5 O 1/2  and HO 1/2  wherein each occurrence of R 5 , R 6  and R 7  is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbons; and 
         [0026]    each occurrence of M H  is independently given by HR 8 R 9 SiO 1/2  wherein each occurrence of R 8  and R 9  is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbons; 
         [0027]    each occurrence of the subscripts u, v, w, x, y and z is independently an integer wherein u is from 0 to 10, v is from 0 to 10, w is from 0 to 100, x is from 1 to 100, y is from 1 to 10, and z is from 0 to 10 such that u+v equals 1 to 10, x+y equals 3 to 100, and y+z equals 3 to 10; 
         [0028]    b) at least one organosilicon compound containing at least two aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds; and, c) a hydrosilylation catalyst which promotes the addition of Si-bonded hydrogen (Si—H) onto the aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bond; wherein hydrosilylation polymerization between the polyhydridosiloxane and the organosilicon compound occurs below the melt temperature of a heat-sensitive support. 
         [0029]    The release coating composition of the present invention provides a thermal solventless coating capable of hydrosilylation polymerization, to provide a crosslinked silicone polymer, on the surface of temperature-sensitive supports, such as, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polypropylene coated Kraft paper (PPK), polyethylene coated Kraft paper (PEK) and multilayer laminate film made with temperature sensitive components. The silicone release coatings can optionally contain other additives, e.g., fillers, accelerators, inhibitors, pigments, surfactants, and the like. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0030]    Other than in the working examples or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing amounts of materials, reaction conditions, time durations, quantified properties of materials, and so forth, stated in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” 
         [0031]    It will also be understood that any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges within that range and any combination of the various endpoints of such ranges or subranges. 
         [0032]    It will be further understood that any compound, material or substance which is expressly or implicitly disclosed in the specification and/or recited in a claim as belonging to a group of structurally, compositionally and/or functionally related compounds, materials or substances includes individual representatives of the group and all combinations thereof. 
         [0033]    The use of various hydridosiloxane fluids as crosslinking agents in release coatings determines some of the critical physical properties in the final polymer coating. Hydridosiloxane fluids are also critical in defining the kinetics of the polymerization reaction that generates the new silicone polymer coating. 
         [0034]    When these hydrido functional siloxane fluids are considered from a kinetic, i.e., rate of reaction, perspective, it is found that M H  monomers react at lower temperatures than the D H  monomers. Thus, in order to minimize the hydosilylation polymerization reaction temperature, it is necessary to maximize the number of M H  monomers. However, only two M H  monomers can be incorporated into the currently used linear fluids. 
         [0035]    The present inventors have discovered that incorporation of “T” units and/or “Q” units, e.g., methyltrisiloxy and tetrasiloxy, respectively, into a hydridosiloxane fluid create novel branched hydridosiloxy fluids that are useful in the preparation of crosslinked siloxane polymer release coatings. The addition of T and/or Q units provides for branching of the polymer having the same molecular weight and total hydride functionality with a significant increased amount of M H  monomers that can react at lower temperatures. These branched polymers follow the general rule that the number of M H  groups per molecule equals the number of T groups plus two. For example, in the formula T v D w D H   x M H   y , y equals v+2. Thus, for example, if v equals 0, as in the linear fluids of the prior art, only two M H  monomers can be incorporated in to the polymer. However, if v equals 1, then three M H  monomers will be in each polymer on average. As the number of T&#39;s increases the number of M H &#39;s increases. Thus, when v equals 2 there are twice as many M H  monomers per molecule as in the linear compounds. This increase in M H  concentration makes a significant increase in the reaction rate at the low temperatures required for coating temperature-sensitive supports or films. 
         [0036]    According to an embodiment of the invention, the novel hydridosiloxane fluid of the invention has the general Formula (1): 
         [0000]      Q u T v D w D H   x M H   y M z    (1) 
         [0000]    wherein: 
         [0037]    each occurrence of Q is independently given by SiO 4/2 ; 
         [0038]    each occurrence of T is independently given by R 1  SiO 3     /2    wherein each occurrence of R 1  is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbons; 
         [0039]    each occurrence of D is independently given by R 2 R 3 SiO 2/2  wherein each occurrence of R 2  and R 3  is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbons; 
         [0040]    each occurrence of D H  is independently given by HR 4 SiO 2/2  wherein each occurrence of R 4  is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbons; 
         [0041]    each occurrence of M is independently selected from the group consisting of R 5 R 6 R 7 SiO 1/2 , R 5 O 1/2  and HO 1/2  wherein each occurrence of R 5 , R 6  and R 7  is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbons; and 
         [0042]    each occurrence of M H  is independently given by HR 8 R 9 SiO 1/2  wherein each occurrence of R 8  and R 9  is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon having 1 to 30 carbons; 
         [0043]    each occurrence of the subscripts u, v, w, x, y and z is independently an integer wherein u is from 0 to 10, v is from 0 to 10, w is from 0 to 100, x is from 1 to 100, y is from 1 to 10, and z is from 0 to 10 such that u+v equals 1 to 10, x+y equals 3 to 100, and y+z equals 3 to 10. It is understood that the hydriosiloxane can be mixtures of hydriosiloxanes of Formula (1). 
         [0044]    In another embodiment of the present invention, each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8  and R 9  is preferably a monovalent hydrocarbons of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and most preferably 1 carbon atom; u is 0; v is preferably from 1 to 5, more preferably from 2 to 4, and most preferably 3; w is preferably from 0 to 50, more preferably from 2 to 20, and most preferably from 3 to 10; x is preferably from 1 to 50, more preferably from 3 to 25 and most preferably from 5 to 10; y is preferably from 3 to 8, more preferably from 4 to 6, and most preferably 5; and z is from 0 to 5, and more preferably 0. 
         [0045]    In another embodiment of the present invention, each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6,  R 7 , R 8  and R 9  is preferably a monovalent hydrocarbons of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and most preferably 1 carbon atom; u is preferably from 1 to 5, more preferably from 2 to 4, and most preferably, 3; v is preferably 0; w is preferably from 0 to 50, more preferably from 2 to 20, and most preferably from 3 to 10; x is preferably from 1 to 50, more preferably from 3 to 25 and most preferably from 5 to 10; y is preferably from 4 to 9, more preferably from 5 to 7, and most preferably 6; and z is from 0 to 5, and more preferably 0. 
         [0046]    Furthermore, the introduction of T and/or Q units into the hydridosiloxane polymers increases the cross-link density of the fluid. This further contributes the rapid formation of the crosslinked polymer network within the release coating and rapid cure of the coating composition at low temperatures. 
         [0047]    Therefore, the introduction of T and/or Q monomer units into the hydridosiloxane allows for the rapid and complete cure of the crosslinked silicone polymers required for low release silicone coatings. 
         [0048]    However, because these T and Q unit modified hydridosiloxane polymers will be used in thermal coating applications, they require a minimal molecular weight. Too low of a molecular weight means they will evaporate from the coating surface before they can react. They will also have a reduced total functionality critical to forming the required polymer network. Because of the need for a minimal molecular weight the M H /D H  ratio in linear siloxanes has to be very low, thus slowing the reaction at low temperature. In contrast, molecules with T and/or Q monomers can contain significantly higher M H /D H  ratios at the desired molecular weight. 
         [0049]    An alternative approach is to use hydridosiloxane compounds with M H QTD structures can be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,158,371, however, these structures contain no D H  monomers, and thus their total functionality is low and the polymer network formation is difficult. As such, these hydridosiloxanes polymers are more frequently used in the production of elastomeric gels rather than for polysiloxane release coatings. 
         [0050]    According to an embodiment of the invention, a novel hydridosiloxane fluid is provided which contains branched structures such as those possessing T or Q units and terminal SiH units (M H ) which can be crosslinked instantaneously at low temperature, i.e., less than or equal to 120° C., preferably less than or equal to 110° C., and more preferable of 100° C., to provide a release coating of high quality for a heat-sensitive support. 
         [0051]    The novel polyhydridosiloxane of the present invention can be prepared by known and conventional means as one skilled in the art would recognize. These include hydrolysis of the desired chlorosilanes and acid catalysis of the required monomeric materials with catalysts such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, toluenesulfonic acid, trifloroaceticacid, acid clays and the like (see for example No11 “Chemistry and Technology of Silicones” 1968, pp 223). 
         [0052]    According to an embodiment of the invention the polyhydridosiloxane is present in the release coating composition in an amount that ranges form 0.5 to 20 percent weight of the total release coating composition, and in another embodiment from 1 to 15 percent weight of the total release coating composition, and in yet another embodiment from 3 to 10 percent weight of the total release coating composition. 
         [0053]    The organosilicon compounds containing aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds that are used in release coating compositions of the present invention are well know in the art. Generally, the organosilicon compound is at least one silicone polymer having alkenyl groups. Although it is understood that any siloxane containing vinyl, alkenyl or alkynyl groups may be useful in this invention, they are preferably polydimethylsiloxanes having vinyl end groups; linear or branched alkenyl end groups with the carbon-carbon double bond in the terminal position; or linear or branched alkynyl end groups with the carbon-carbon triple bond in the terminal position. 
         [0054]    Examples of these polymers may be found for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,516,558 to O&#39;Brien, U.S. Pat. No. 4,476,166 to Eckberg, U.S. Pat. No. 5,616,672 to O&#39;Brien and U.S. Pat. No. 6,806,339. Broadly stated, component (b) of the present invention can be one containing two or more silicon atoms linked by divalent oxygen, hydrocarbylene or heterocarbylen radicals and containing an average of from 1 to 3 silicon-bonded monovalent hydrocarbyl or heterocarbyl radicals per silicon, with the proviso that the organosilicon compound contains at least two silicons atoms in which each silicon atom is bonded to a hydrocarbon radical containing at least one carbon-carbon multiple bond. This component can be a solid or a liquid, free flowing or gum-like. 
         [0055]    Examples of said divalent radicals linking silicon atoms include oxygen atoms, which provide siloxane bonds, hydrocarbylene, and heterocarbonylene, hydrocarbylene containing at least one oxygen atom and/or at least one halogen atom which provide silcarbane bonds. The divalent radicals can be the same or different, as desired. 
         [0056]    Representative non-limiting examples of suitable divalent hydrocarbylene radicals include any alkylene radical, such as —CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 (CH 3 )CH—, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 6 — and —(CH 2 ) 18 —; cycloalkylene radical, such a cyclohexylene; arylene radical, such as phenylene; and combinations of hydrocarbon radicals, such as benzylene, i.e. —C 6  H 4 CH 2 —. 
         [0057]    Suitable divalent heterocarbylene containing at least one oxygen atom and/or halogen atom radicals include any divalent hydrocarbylene radical in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine and any divalent hydrocarbylene radical in which at least one carbon atom has been replaced with an oxygen atom. Representative non-limiting divalent heterocarbylene containing at least one oxygen atom and/or at least one halogen atom radicals include —CH 2 CH 2 C n F 2n CH 2 CH 2 — wherein n has a value of from 1 to 10 such as, for example, —CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 OCF 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 — and —C 6 H 4 OC 6 H 4 —. 
         [0058]    Examples of said monovalent radicals in the organosilicon compound, i.e., component (b) include halohydrocarbyl radicals free of aliphatic unsaturation and hydrocarbyl radicals. 
         [0059]    Examples of suitable monovalent hydrocarbyl radicals include alkyl radicals, such as CH 3 —, CH 3 CH 2 —, (CH 3 ) 2 CH—, C 8 H 17 —, C 10 H 21 — and C 20 H 41 —; cycloaliphatic radicals, such as cyclohexyl; aryl radicals, such as phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, anthracyl, styryl and xenyl; aralkyl radicals, such as benzyl and 2-phenylethyl; and alkenyl radicals, such as vinyl, allyl, methallyl, 3-butenyl, 5-hexenyl, 7-octenyl, and cyclohexenyl. Alkenyl radicals are preferable terminally unsaturated. Of the higher alkenyl radicals those selected from the group consisting of 5-hexenyl, 7-octenyl, and 9-decenyl are preferred because they are of the more ready availability alpha, omega-dienes that are used to prepare the alkenylsiloxanes. Highly preferred monovalent hydrocarbon radical for the organosilicon compounds containing aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds that are used in the release coatings of this invention are methyl, phenyl, vinyl and 5-hexenyl. Representative non-limiting examples of suitable aliphatically saturated monovalent halohydrocarbon radicals include any monovalent hydrocarbon radical which is free of aliphatic unsaturation and has at least one of its hydrogen atoms replaced with halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine. Preferable monovalent halohydrocarbon radicals have the formula C n F 2n+1 CH 2 CH 2 —wherein n has a value of from 1 to 10, such as, for example, CF 3 CH 2 CH 2 — and C 4 F 9 CH 2 CH 2 —. 
         [0060]    According to an embodiment of the invention, component (b) is an organopolysiloxane containing at least two carbon-carbon multiple bonds. Said siloxane can be combined in any molecular arrangement such as linear, branched, cyclic and combinations thereof, to provide organopolysiloxanes containing at least two carbon-carbon multiple bonds and are reactive with the hydridopolysiloxane of Formula (1) in the presence of the hydrosilylation catalyst, component (c). 
         [0061]    According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the organopolysiloxane, i.e., component (b) is a substantially linear organopolysiloxane having the general Formula (2): 
         [0000]      X a R 10   3-a SiO(X b R 10   2-b SiO) m (R 10   2 SiO) n SiR 10   3-c X c    (2) 
         [0000]    wherein: 
         [0062]    each occurrence of R 10  is independently selected from the group consisting of a monovalent hydrocarbyl radical of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a monovalent heterocarbyl radical containing at least one halogen atom; 
         [0063]    each occurrence of X is independently a monovalent hydrocarbyl radical of from 2 to 12 carbon atoms containing at least one carbon-carbon multiple bond; 
         [0064]    each occurrence of the subscripts a, b, c, m and n is independently an integer wherein a is from 0 to 3; b is from 0 to 2; c is from 0 to 3, m is from 0 to 100, n is from 0 to 5000 with the proviso that a+mb+c equals to or greater than 2. 
         [0065]    By substantially linear it is meant that the component contains no more than trace amounts of silicon atoms bearing 3 or 4 siloxy linkages. It is to be understood that the term substantially linear encompasses organopolysiloxanes, which can contain up to about 15 percent by weight cyclopolysiloxanes that are frequently co-produced with the linear organopolysiloxanes. In Formula (2), each R 10  denotes a monovalent hydrocarbyl or halohydrocarbyl radical free of aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds. The several R 10  radicals can be identical or different, as desired. 
         [0066]    The value of the subscript m in Formula (2) is such that the linear organopolysiloxane has a viscosity at 25° C. of at least 25 millipascal-seconds (25 centipoise). The exact value of m that is needed to provide a viscosity value falling within said limit depends upon the identity of the X and R 10  radicals. For R 10   3 Si-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, m will have a value of at least about  25  and the compound has at least two —SiX b R 10-b O— units. 
         [0067]    In terms of preferred monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, noted above, examples of preferred linear organopolysiloxanes of the above formula which are suitable for the composition of this invention include (C 6 H 5 )(CH 3 )(CH 2 ═CH)[(CH 3 ) 2 SiO] 100 Si(C 6 H 5 )(CH 3 )(CH═CH 2 ), (CH 2 ═CH(CH 2 ) 4 )(CH 3 ) 2 SiO[(CH 3 ) 2 SiO] 150 Si(CH 3 ) 2 ((CH 2 ) 4 CH═CH 2 ), (CH 2 ═CH)(CH 3 ) 2 SiO[Si(CH 3 ) 2 O] 100 [Si(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH═CH 2 )O] 2 —Si(CH 3 ) 2 (CH═CH 2 ), (CH 2 ═CH)(CH 3 ) 2 SiO[Si(CH 3 ) 2 ] 100 [Si(CH 3 )(CH═CH 2 )O] 2 Si(CH 3 ) 2 (CH═CH 2 ), (CH 3 ) 3 SiO[SiO(CH 3 ) 2 SiO] 100 [Si(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH═CH 2 )O] 2 Si(CH 3 ) 3 , (CH 3 ) 3 SiO[SiO(CH 3 ) 2 SiO] 100 [Si(CH 3 )(CH═CH 2 )O] 6 Si(CH 3 ) 3 , (CH 3 ) 3 SiO[SiO(CH 3 )(C 6 H 5 )SiO] 120 [Si(C 6 H 5 )(CH═CH 2 ) 0 ] 2 Si(CH 3 ) 3 , (CH 3 ) 3 SiO[SiO(CH 3 ) 2 SiO] 50 [Si(CH 3 )(CH═CH 2 )O] 20 Si(CH 3 ) 3 , and mixture thereof. 
         [0068]    For release coating composition of this invention it is highly preferred that the linear organopolysiloxane component (b) of Formula (2) wherein the value of n is less than 0.1 m, such as, for example, zero, 0.02 m or 0.08 m. Representative non-limiting examples of highly preferred linear organopolysiloxanes (b) for adhesive-release coating compositions of this invention include (CH 3 ) 3 SiO[SiO(CH 3 ) 2 SiO] 100 [Si(CH 3 )(CH═CH 2 )O] 6 Si(CH 3 ) 3 , (CH 3 ) 3 SiO[SiO(CH 3 ) 2 SiO] 200 [Si(CH 3 )((CH 2 ) 4 CH═CH 2 ))O] 10 Si(CH 3 ) 3 , (CH 2 ═CH(CH 2 ) 4 )(CH 3 ) 2 SiO[(CH 3 ) 2 SiO] 80 Si(CH 3 ) 2 ((CH 2 ) 4 CH═CH 2 ), (CH 2 ═CH)(CH 3 ) 2 SiO[(CH 3 ) 2 SiO] 150 Si(CH 3 ) 2 (CH═CH 2 ), (CH 2 ═CH)(CH 3 ) 2 SiO[Si(CH 3 ) 2 O] 100 [Si(CH 3 )(CH═CH 2 )O] 2 Si(CH 3 ) 2 (CH═CH 2 ), and mixtures thereof. 
         [0069]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the curable composition, preferably solventless, is used to coat a solid substrate, such as paper, with an adhesive-releasing coating, the value of m plus n in the highly preferred organosilicon compound component (b) is sufficient to provide a viscosity at 25° C. for the component (b) of at least 100 mPa·s, such as from about 100 mPa·s to about 100 Pa·s, preferable from about 100 mPa·s to 10 Pa·s and, most preferably, from 100 mPa·s to 5 Pa·s; said viscosity&#39;s corresponding approximately to values of m+n of at least 60 , such as from 60 to 1000, preferably to 520 and, most preferably, to 420. 
         [0070]    Suitable silicone polymers of the of the present invention include but are not limited to dimethylpolysiloxanes comprising dimethylvinylsilyl ends, methylvinyldimethylpolysiloxane copolymers comprising trimethylsilyl ends, methylvinyldimethylpolysiloxane copolymers comprising dimethylvinylsilyl ends, or cyclic methylvinylpolysiloxanes and the like. 
         [0071]    The use of branched polyhydridosiloxanes of the invention as crosslinking agents makes it possible to produce release coatings on heat-sensitive supports, e.g., polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene coated Kraft paper (PEK), polypropylene coated Kraft paper (PPK) and multilayered films containing temperature sensitive materials. By virtue of the invention, crosslinking of the coating is provided at a low temperature, for example less than about 120° C. under industrial coating conditions. 
         [0072]    The crosslinkable silicone release composition of the present invention can be deposited on any heat-sensitive support or film substrate. A heat-sensitive support or film as used herein would be a film or support that has glass transition temperature, i.e., a Tg less than about 120° C., such as, for example, PE, PP, PPK, PEK, and multilayered laminates including similar films. 
         [0073]    The crosslinkable silicone release composition of the present invention gain further advantage in coating substrates that would benefit from coating at lower temperatures. Thus for example, SCK paper is currently coated at 150° C., where the high temperature causes excessive drying of the paper. Under atmospheric conditions the paper absorbs water and curls. The curling creates problems with later label attachment and label processing. Currently the industry requires a “rewetting” process with steam to prevent curling. Thus low temperature curing, as for example, less than 100° C., reduces the initial drying and obviates the need for “rewetting” to obtain flat silicone coated SCK liners. 
         [0074]    Similarly, both paper and films with high Tg&#39;s can gain advantage using low temperature cure formulations if the energy required for curing is lower. Lower temperatures can save a considerable amount on the energy requirements for coating. 
         [0075]    Furthermore, the novel polyhydridosiloxane crosslinking agents of the present invention do not modify the rheological behavior of the silicone composition, so that the coatings can be applied on any support and in particular on heat-sensitive supports and films. This property is all the more advantageous as, in the context of the invention, the silicone coating compositions can advantageously be “solvent-free.” This means that they are devoid of solvent and in particular of organic solvent. The advantages which solventless coatings provide regarding environmental concerns are easily understood to those skilled in the art. 
         [0076]    According to one embodiment of the invention, the crosslinkable silicone release coating compositions are solvent-free. However, according to an alternative embodiment, the silicone phase of the crosslinakable silicone release coating compositions can be diluted in a solvent. In yet another embodiment of the invention the liquid silicone release coating composition is an aqueous dispersion/emulsion. 
         [0077]    According to an embodiment of the invention, the silicone polymer (i.e., the organosilicon compound containing at least two aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds) is present in the release coating composition of the invention in an amount that ranges from 80 to 99 percent by weight of the total release coating composition, preferably, from 85 to 99 percent by weight of the total release coating composition, and more preferably from 90 to 98 percent by weight of the total release coating composition. 
         [0078]    It is preferable that the silicone polymer has a viscosity at 25° C. of at least equal to 10 mPa·s, preferably between 50 and 1000 mPa·s. All viscosities concerned with in the present account correspond to a dynamic viscosity quantity at 25° C. referred to as “newtonian,” that is to say the dynamic viscosity which is measured, in a way known per se, at a shear rate gradient which is sufficiently low for the viscosity measured to be independent of the rate gradient. 
         [0079]    According to an embodiment of the invention, the silicone polymer can exhibit a linear, branched or cyclic structure. Its degree of polymerization is preferably between 2 and 5000. 
         [0080]    According to an embodiment of the invention, conventional platinum hydrosilylation catalysts may be used as hydrosilylation catalyst, catalyzing the addition reaction between the carbon-carbon multiple bond in the silicone polymer described above and the silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms (—SiH) in the polyhydridosiloxane crosslinking agent of the invention. In general, any hydrosilylation catalyst for addition-crosslinking silicone compositions may be used. Those preferably used are metal-containing catalysts, such as platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium and ruthenium, with preference given to platinum and platinum compounds. Particular preference given to is given to polyorganosiloxane-soluble platinum-vinylsiloxane complexes and hexachloroplatinic acid. The amounts of these catalysts that are added to the compositions are from 0.1 to 500 ppm, preferably between 1 and 250 ppm, based on the total weight of the polyhydridosiloxane and organosilicon compound. 
         [0081]    In still another embodiment, the crossslinking polyhydridosiloxane exhibits a SiH to Si-alkenyl (Vi) molar ratio from 0.8 to 10 and preferably from 1.2 to 8. 
         [0082]    According to an embodiment of the invention the release coating composition of the invention comprises other ingredients including adhesion-adjusting compounds, control release agents (CRA), anchorage to substrate compounds; buffering agents; surfactants, agent(s) for inhibiting hydrosilylation, preferably chosen from acetylenic alcohols and/or diallyl maleates and their derivatives, e.g., surfynol-16® (available from Air Products), bactericides, anti-gelling agents, wetting agents, anti-foaming agents, fillers, synthetic latexes, colorants, acidifying agents, rheology modifiers such as those for the control of misting, and anchorage additives that improve the adhesion of the coating to the substrate. 
         [0083]    These crosslinkable silicone release compositions of the invention can be applied using devices employed on industrial equipment for the coating of e.g., paper, such as a five-roll coating head, an air knife system or an equalizer bar system, to flexible supports or materials and can then be cured by moving through tunnel ovens heated to 50-200° C.; the passage time in these ovens depends on the temperature; this time is generally of the order of 0.8 to 15 seconds at a temperature of the order of 100° C. and of the order of 0.8 to 3 seconds at a temperature of the order of 180° C. 
         [0084]    The amounts of crosslinkable silicone release compositions deposited are of the order of 0.5 to 2 g per m 2  of surface to be treated, which corresponds to the deposition of layers of the order of 0.5 to 2 μm. 
         [0085]    The films, supports or materials thus coated can subsequently be brought into contact with any pressure-sensitive adhesive material of rubber, acrylic or other nature. The adhesive material is then easily detachable from the said support or material. 
         [0086]    The following examples are given by way of indication and may not be regarded as a limitation on the scope and spirit of the invention. 
       EXAMPLES 
     Example 1  
     Polyhydridosiloxane A 
       [0087]    Into a flask were charged 172 grams tetramethyldisiloxane, 2 grams of HCl and 25 grams of water and stirred to mix the reactants. 75 grams of methyltrimethoxysilane was slowly added with stirring. The reaction was stirred for 1 hour at 45° C. The solution was phase separated and washed with water. The solution was then devolatilized at 150° C. 
       Example 2 
     Polyhydridosiloxane B 
       [0088]    Into a flask were charged 123 grams of tetramethyldisiloxane, 2.7 grams of HCl and 33.75 grams of water and stirred to mix the reactants. 100 grams of methyltrimethoxysilane was slowly added with stirring. The reaction was stirred for 1 hour at 45° C. The solution was phase separated and washed with water. The solution was then devolatilized at 150° C. 
       Example 3  
     Polyhydridosiloxane C 
       [0089]    Into a flask were charged 84 grams of tetramethyldisiloxane, 2.7 grams of HCl and 33.75 grams of water and stirred to mix the reactants. 100 grams of methyltrimethoxysilane was slowly added with stirring. The reaction was stirred for 1 hour at 45° C. The solution was phase separated and washed with water. The solution was then devolatilized at 150° C. 
       Example 4  
     Polyhydridosiloxane D 
       [0090]    Into a flask were charged 100 grams of hydriosiloxane A, 336 grams of D H   4 , 414 grams of D 4  and 8.5 grams of filtrol and equilibrated at 80° C. for four hours. The solution was cooled and filtered to remove the filtrol catalyst, and the product isolated as Example 4 had the formula: TD 25 D H 25 M H   3 . 
       Examples 5 to 13 
       [0091]    In a similar fashion the polyhydridosiloxane of Examples 5 to 13 were prepared using the materials from Examples 1 to 3 and following the procedure of Example 4. The branched polyhydridosiloxane formula of Examples 4 to 13 are presented in Table 1. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Example 4 
                 TD 25 D H   25 M H   3   
               
               
                   
                 Example 5 
                 TD H   35 D 35 M H   3   
               
               
                   
                 Example 6 
                 TD H   15 D 15 M H   3   
               
               
                   
                 Example 7 
                 TD H   50 D 50 M H   3   
               
               
                   
                 Example 8 
                 T 2 D H   9.9 D 9.9 M H   4   
               
               
                   
                 Example 9 
                 T 2 D H   13.8 D 13.8 M H   4   
               
               
                   
                 Example 10 
                 T 2 D H   19.8 D 19.8 M H   4   
               
               
                   
                 Example 11 
                 T 3 D H   8.8 D 8.8 M H   5   
               
               
                   
                 Example 12 
                 T 3 D H   12.3 D 12.3 M H   5   
               
               
                   
                 Example 13 
                 T 3 D H   17.6 D 17.6 M H   5   
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0092]    Crosslinkable silicone coatings of Example 14 to 34 were prepared with the polyhydridosiloxanes of Examples 4-13 above and a divinylpolydimethylsiloxane having a viscosity of about 250 ctks, 0.25% Surfynol-61, and 100 ppm Pt as Karstedt&#39;s catalyst. 
         [0093]    Reactions were formulated at both 2.0 and 2.3 SiH to SiVi ratios in the formulations of Examples 14-33. These were then heated in a differential scanning calorimeter (Perkin-Elmer DSC7) and the reaction followed as the temperature increased. Measurements were taken of the onset temperature of the reaction, and the temperature at the peak of the reaction. These are indications of the temperature at which the reaction starts and the temperature at which it is most rapidly reacting. Lower onset temperatures and lower peak temperatures indicate a more reactive compound and are desirable. 
         [0094]    Similarly, Comparative Example 34 was prepared using a linear, M terminated hydridosiloxane fluid, i.e., MD 15 D H   25 M as the crosslinker. The SiH to SiVi ratio of Comparative Example 34 was kept at 2.3. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Peak 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Onset 
                 temper- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 SiH:Vinyl 
                 temperature, 
                 ature, 
               
               
                   
                 Identification 
                 Ratio 
                 ° C. 
                 ° C. 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Example 14 
                 TD 25 D H   25 M H   3   
                 2.0 
                 70.686 
                 75.700 
               
               
                 Example 15 
                 TD 25 D H   25 M H   3   
                 2.3 
                 75.544 
                 78.700 
               
               
                 Example 16 
                 TD 35 D H   35 M H   3   
                 2.0 
                 74.967 
                 78.700 
               
               
                 Example 17 
                 TD 35 D H   35 M H   3   
                 2.3 
                 71.780 
                 76.333 
               
               
                 Example 18 
                 TD 15 D H   15 M H   3   
                 2.0 
                 72.177 
                 76.533 
               
               
                 Example 19 
                 TD 15 D H   15 M H   3   
                 2.3 
                 71.185 
                 75.200 
               
               
                 Example 20 
                 TD H   50 D 50 M H   3   
                 2.0 
                 72.530 
                 77.366 
               
               
                 Example 21 
                 TD H   50 D 50 M H   3   
                 2.3 
                 75.317 
                 78.866 
               
               
                 Example 22 
                 T 2 D H   9.9 D 9.9 M H   4   
                 2.0 
                 71.798 
                 75.700 
               
               
                 Example 23 
                 T 2 D H   9.9 D 9.9 M H   4   
                 2.3 
                 73.203 
                 76.533 
               
               
                 Example 24 
                 T 2 D H   13.8 D 13.8 M H   4   
                 2.0 
                 73.494 
                 77.200 
               
               
                 Example 25 
                 T 2 D H   13.8 D 13.8 M H   4   
                 2.3 
                 71.827 
                 76.033 
               
               
                 Example 26 
                 T 2 D H   19.8 D 19.8 M H   4   
                 2.0 
                 74.636 
                 78.200 
               
               
                 Example 27 
                 T 2 D H   19.8 D 19.8 M H   4   
                 2.3 
                 73.957 
                 77.366 
               
               
                 Example 28 
                 T 3 D H   8.8 D 8.8 M H   5   
                 2.0 
                 74.714 
                 79.366 
               
               
                 Example 29 
                 T 3 D H   8.8 D 8.8 M H   5   
                 2.3 
                 72.904 
                 78.200 
               
               
                 Example 30 
                 T 3 D H   12.3 D 12.3 M H   5   
                 2.0 
                 73.357 
                 79.533 
               
               
                 Example 31 
                 T 3 D H   12.3 D 12.3 M H   5   
                 2.3 
                 68.828 
                 76.533 
               
               
                 Example 32 
                 T 3 D H   17.6 D 17.6 M H   5   
                 2.0 
                 72.061 
                 78.033 
               
               
                 Example 33 
                 T 3 D H   17.6 D 17.6 M H   5   
                 2.3 
                 68.611 
                 76.866 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 MD 15 D H   25 M 
                 2.3 
                 80.000 
                 89.500 
               
               
                 Example 34 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0095]    The data presented in Table 2 show that onset temperatures for the branched, M H  terminated hydridosiloxane crosslinkers of Examples 14-34 are significantly lower than the onset temperature of the linear siloxane of Comparative Example 34. This would indicate higher reactivity at lower temperature compared to the conventional hydridosiloxane crosslinker. Further, the peak reaction temperature for Examples 14 to 33 are also significantly lower than those of Comparative Example 34, again indicating the higher reactivity at lower temperatures. 
         [0096]    While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. All citations referred herein are expressly incorporated herein by reference.