Abstract:
A method for use in erasing data stored in a memory cell includes asserting a voltage differential across a tank region and a gate region of the memory cell, wherein the tank region has a first conductivity type and the tank region is located within a well region of a second conductivity type. The method also includes floating the voltage level of a source region and a drain region of the memory cell, wherein the source region and the drain region are located within the tank region and have the second conductivity type. The method additionally includes discharging a charge stored in the drain region by electrically connecting the source region to an electric potential lower than the potential of the drain region and electrically connecting the well region and the tank region to a potential lower than their existing potentials.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    Non-volatile memory is used to store data in devices where data must be maintained when the device is not connected to a power supply. For example, non-volatile memory is used in personal computers to store the instructions for completing very basic tasks such as interfacing with a keyboard or accessing a disk drive. A common type of non-volatile memory is flash memory. Unlike many types of non-volatile memory, flash memory can be erased and rewritten.  
           [0002]    To erase a flash memory cell, a large voltage is applied to the cell that erases the data stored in the cell. However, this process leaves an undesired charge on the bit line attached to the memory cell that must be eliminated. Previous attempts at solving this problem include attaching a discharge transistor to the bit line that is operable to create a connection to ground for discharging the bit line. A problem with this solution is that when a plurality of memory cells are configured as an array, the previous solution requires a separate transistor for each memory cell column. This results in memory cell arrays being unnecessarily large and, consequently, more expensive to produce.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    Accordingly, a need has arisen for an improved method and system for discharging the charge remaining on the bit line of a memory cell after erasure. The present invention provides a system and method for discharging flash memory cell bit lines that addresses the shortcomings of prior systems and methods.  
           [0004]    According to one embodiment of the invention, a method for use in erasing data stored in a memory cell includes asserting a voltage differential across a tank region and a gate region of the memory cell. The tank region has a first conductivity type and the tank region is located within a well region of a second conductivity type. The method also includes floating the voltage level of a source region and a drain region of the memory cell. The source region and the drain region are located within the tank region and have the second conductivity type. The method additionally includes discharging a charge stored in the drain region by electrically connecting the source region to an electric potential lower than the potential of the drain region and electrically connecting the well region and the tank region to a potential lower than their existing potentials.  
           [0005]    According to another embodiment of the invention, a memory array includes a plurality of memory cells. Each memory cell includes a well region having a first conductivity type. The memory cell additionally includes a tank region located within the well region and having a second conductivity type. The memory cell also includes a source region located in the tank region. The source has the first conductivity type. The memory cell additionally includes a drain region located in the tank region. The drain region has the first conductivity type. The memory cell array also includes a switch connecting each source region to ground in a manner such that, when the switch is close, electrons will flow from the source region to the drain region.  
           [0006]    Embodiments of the invention provide numerous technical advantages. For example, in one embodiment of the invention, a method is provided for discharging an entire memory cell array by means of one switch connected to a common source region of the memory array. Thus, a single transistor can be used to discharge each of the plurality of memory cells comprising the memory array. As a result, the silicon area of memory arrays can be reduced, leading to lower production costs.  
           [0007]    Other technical advantages are readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions, and claims.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0008]    For a more complete understanding of the present invention and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional diagram showing the structure of a memory cell and associated structure for discharging a portion of the cell according to conventional techniques;  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 1B is a block diagram showing how a plurality of the memory cells of FIG. 1A are configured to form a memory cell array;  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional diagram showing the structure of a memory cell in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention and the voltage levels of its components following an erase operation;  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 2B is a block diagram showing how a plurality of the memory cells of FIG. 2A are configured to form a memory cell array;  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 3A is a schematic cross-sectional diagram showing the flow of electrons that results when the memory cell of FIG. 2A is discharged in accordance with one method of the present invention;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 3B is a schematic cross-sectional diagram showing the voltage levels of the components of the memory cell of FIG. 2A after the transfer of electrons shown in FIG. 3A.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 3C is a flow chart showing steps involved in discharging the memory cell of FIG. 2A in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 3D is a graph showing the voltage versus time characteristics of components of the memory cell of FIG. 2A during discharge according to the teachings of the present invention;  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 4A is a schematic cross-sectional diagram showing the flow of electrons that results when the memory cell of FIG. 2A is discharged in accordance with an alternative method of the present invention;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 4B is a flow chart showing steps involved in discharging the memory cell of FIG. 2A in accordance with the method shown in FIG. 4A;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 4C is a graph showing the voltage versus time characteristics of the present invention when discharged according to the method of FIG. 4B;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 5A is a schematic cross-sectional diagram showing the flow of electrons that results when the memory cell of FIG. 2A is discharged in accordance with a second alternative method of the present invention;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 5B is a flow chart showing steps involved in discharging the memory cell of FIG. 2A in accordance with the method shown in FIG. 5A; and  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 5C is a graph showing the voltage versus time characteristics of the present invention when discharged according to the method of FIG. 5B.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0023]    Embodiments of the present invention and its advantages are best understood by referring to FIGS. 1A through 5C of the drawings, like numerals being used for like and corresponding parts of the various drawings.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 1A is a schematic cross sectional diagram showing the structure of a memory cell  10  and a discharge transistor  24  for discharging a portion of memory cell  10  according to conventional techniques. Memory cell  10  comprises a select gate region  12 , a floating gate region  14 , a source region  16 , a drain region  18 , a tank region  20 , a well region  22  and a substrate region  23 . Also shown in FIG. 1A are a discharge transistor  24  connected to ground, a data multiplexor  26 , and a bit line  28 . After an erase operation on memory cell  10 , a charge remains on bit line  28 , which must be discharged. Discharge is accomplished in memory cell  10  by turning on discharge transistor  24 , thereby creating an electrical connection between bit line  28  and ground. The remaining charge on bit line  28  subsequently discharges to ground.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 1B is a block diagram showing how a plurality of memory cells  10  are configured to form memory cell array  11 . Each memory cell  10  requires a separate discharge transistor  24  for the discharge of its bit line  28 . As a result, the conventional method of discharging results in a significant increase in the silicon area of memory cell array  11 .  
         [0026]    [0026]FIGS. 2A through 3D show one embodiment of the present invention and other drawings related to the operation of that embodiment. Because this embodiment does not require multiple discharge transistors, this embodiment offers substantial area savings over memory cells configured in accordance with conventional discharge methods. Furthermore, because the silicon area of a memory cell is a primary factor in the cost of manufacturing such memory cells, the present teachings offer a significant reduction in production costs.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 2A shows a schematic cross-sectional diagram of one embodiment of the present invention. Memory cell  30  comprises a select gate region  32 , a floating gate region  34 , a source region  36 , a drain region  38 , a tank region  40 , a well region  42 , and a substrate region  43 . Also shown in FIG. 2A are a switch  44 , a data multiplexor  46  and a bit line  48 .  
         [0028]    Tank region  40  is located within well region  42  and has the opposite conductivity type of well region  42 . Drain region  38  and source region  36  are located within tank region  40  and have the opposite conductivity type of tank region  40 . In this embodiment, drain region  38 , source region  36  and well region  42  comprise silicon doped with negative charge carriers, or n-type silicon, and tank region  40  and substrate region  43  comprise silicon doped with positive charge carriers, or p-type silicon.  
         [0029]    As described in more detail below, switch  44  is electrically connected to source region  36  to allow discharge of source region  36  after memory cell  30  has been erased. Switch  44  may be implemented by a transistor or other suitable electrical switch. Bit line  48  connects drain region  38  to data multiplexor  46 , which serves as an output port for memory cell  30 .  
         [0030]    During erasure of memory cell  30  in this embodiment, a voltage level of seven volts is applied to well region  42  and tank region  40 . This charges source region  36  and drain region  38  to 6.3 v. A voltage of negative seven volts is applied to select gate  32 . This application of voltages between well region  42  and select gate region  32  induces an electric field  50  between floating gate region  34  and tank region  40 . After the electrical erase, gate region  32  is then grounded, resulting in the voltages shown in FIG. 2A.  
         [0031]    After this erase procedure a voltage level remains on drain region  38 , which must be removed. According to the teachings of the invention and as described in greater detail below, the voltage level is discharged by completing a connection between ground and source region  36 , tank region  40 , well region  42 , or any suitable combination thereof. In this embodiment, a transistor acting as a switch  44  completes the connection for a plurality of the memory cells  30  of the memory cell array  60 . By contrast, prior art memory cell arrays require a separate discharge transistor attached to each bit line of the memory cell array. Thus, the advantages of the present invention include, but are not limited to, a reduction in the silicon area needed for individual memory cells  30  within memory cell array  60  and consequently a decrease in the cost of manufacturing memory cell array  60 .  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 2B is a block diagram showing how a plurality of memory cells  30  of FIG. 2A are configured to form a memory cell array  60 . Unlike prior art memory cell array  11 , memory cell array  60  requires only one switch  44  to discharge all bit lines  48  within memory cell array  60 . Also, switch  44  does not have to be pitch-match to the array. This facilitates circuit design.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 3A is a schematic cross-sectional diagram showing the flow of electrons that results when the memory cell  30  is discharged in accordance with one method of the present invention. Switch  44  is closed so that source region  36  is electrically connected to ground. As a result, the voltage level of source region  36  decreases to 0 volts. Because drain region  38 , tank region  40 , and well region  42  now have greater voltages than source region  36 , the electrons that are abundant in the n-type material of source region  36  are emitted to drain region  38 , tank region  40 , and well region  42 .  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 3B is a schematic cross-sectional diagram showing the voltage levels of the components of memory cell  30  after the transfer of electrons shown in FIG. 3A. The flow of electrons from source region  36  to drain region  38 , tank region  40  and well region  42  decreases the voltage level of drain region  38 , tank region  40 , and well region  42  to 0 volts, thereby eliminating the charge that remained on bit line  48  as a result of the erase operation, as described in greater detail below in conjunction with FIG. 3C.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 3C is a flow chart showing steps involved in discharging memory cell  30  in accordance with the present invention. Step  100  comprises an erase operation. Erasure of memory cell  30  is accomplished in this embodiment of the invention by applying a positive voltage differential across well region  42  and select gate region  32 . Well region  42  and tank  40  are at the same potential. As discussed above, a charge remains on drain region  38 , and consequently, on bit line  48  after the erase operation. Step  110  comprises floating tank region  40  and well region  42  during the erase step  100 . Source region  36  and drain region  38  are also floating. Step  120  comprises electrically connecting source region  36  to ground. Such a connection is accomplished in this embodiment by means of switch  44 , which can be a transistor or other electrical switch. Step  120  is accomplished by closing switch  44 , which connects source region  36  to ground and causes the remaining charge on bit line  48  to discharge as described above. Step  130  comprises electrically connecting tank region  40  and well region  42  to ground to discharge any remaining charge stored in tank region  40  or well region  42 .  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 3D is a graph showing the voltage versus time characteristics of components of memory cell  30  when discharged according to the teachings of the present invention. Curve  150  shows the voltage level of source region  36  during discharge according to the method shown in FIG. 3A, while curve  160  shows the voltage level of drain region  38 . Similarly, curve  170  and curve  180  show the voltage levels of tank region  40  and well region  42  respectively. As shown by FIG. 3D and particularly curve  160 , discharging memory cell  30  in accordance with this embodiment of the present invention does successfully eliminate a substantial portion of the remaining charge on drain region  38  and consequently, on bit line  48 .  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 4A is a schematic cross-sectional diagram showing the flow of electrons that results when the memory cell of FIG. 2A is discharged in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment of FIG. 4A, switch  44  is connected to well region  42 . After erase operation, the voltage levels of the components of memory cell  30  are as shown in FIG. 2A. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4A, closing switch  44  electrically connects well region  42  to ground. As a result, the voltage level on tank region  40  and the voltage level on well region  42  decrease to 0.7 volts and zero volts, respectively. The flow of electrons from well region  42  to tank region  40 , drain region  38 , and source region  36  decreases the voltage level of drain region  38 , thereby eliminating the charge that remained on bit line  48  as a result of the erase operation.  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 4B is a flow chart showing steps involved in discharging memory cell  30  in accordance with the alternative method shown in FIG. 4A. Step  200  comprises an erase operation. Erasure of memory cell  30  is accomplished in this alternative embodiment of the invention by applying a positive voltage differential across well region  42  and select gate region  32 . Well region  42  and tank region are at the same potential. As discussed above, a charge remains on drain region  38 , and consequently, on bit line  48  after the erase operation. Step  210  comprises floating source region  36 , drain region  38 , well region  42 , and tank region  40 . Step  220  comprises electrically connecting well region  42  to ground. Such a connection is accomplished in this embodiment by means of switch  44 , which can be a transistor or other electrical switch. As shown in FIG. 4A, step  220  is accomplished by closing switch  44 , which connects well region  42  to ground and causes the remaining charge on bit line  48  to discharge. If any charge remains on source region  36  or drain region  38  following step  220 , such charge can be discharged through data multiplexor  46  as shown in step  230 .  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 4C is a graph showing representative voltage versus time characteristics of components of memory cell  30  when discharged according to the alternative method shown in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B. Curve  250  shows the voltage level of source region  36  during discharge, while curve  260  shows the voltage level of drain region  38 . Similarly, curve  270  and curve  280  show the voltage levels of tank region  40  and well region  42  respectively. As shown by FIG. 4C and particularly curve  260 , discharging memory cell  30  in accordance with this embodiment of the present invention does successfully eliminate a substantial portion of the remaining charge on drain region  38  and consequently, on bit line  48 .  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 5A is a schematic cross-sectional diagram showing the flow of electrons that results when the memory cell of FIG. 2A is discharged in accordance with an alternative method of the present invention. In the embodiment of FIG. 5A, switch  44  is connected to well region  42  and tank region  40 . After erase operation, the voltage levels of the components of memory cell  30  are as shown in FIG. 2A. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5A, closing switch  44  electrically connects well region  42  and tank region  40  to ground. As a result, the voltage level on well region  42  and tank region decreases to 0 volts. The flow of electrons from tank region  40  decreases the voltage level of drain region  38 , thereby eliminating the charge that remained on bit line  48  as a result of the erase operation.  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 5B is a flow chart showing steps involved in discharging memory cell  30  in accordance with the alternative method shown in FIG. 5A. Step  300  comprises an erase operation. Erasure of memory cell  30  is accomplished in this alternative embodiment of the invention by applying a positive voltage differential across well region  42  and select gate region  32 . The potential of well region  42  and tank region  40  are the same. As discussed above, a charge remains on drain region  38 , and consequently, on bit line  48  after the erase operation. Step  310  comprises floating source region  36 , drain region  38 , well region  42 , and tank region  40 . Step  320  comprises electrically connecting well region  42  and tank region  40  to ground. Such a connection is attained in this embodiment by means of switch  44 , which can be a transistor or other electrical switch. As shown in FIG. 5A, step  320  is accomplished by closing switch  44 , which connects well region  42  and tank region  40  to ground and causes the remaining charge on bit line  48  to discharge. If any charge remains on source region  36  or drain region  38  following step  220 , such charge can be discharged through data multiplexor  46  as shown in step  230 .  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 5C is a graph showing the voltage versus time characteristics of components of memory cell  30  when discharged according to the alternative method shown in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B. Curve  350  shows the voltage level of source region  36  during discharge, while curve  360  shows the voltage level of drain region  38 . Similarly, curve  370  and curve  380  show the voltage levels of tank region  40  and well region  42  respectively. As shown by FIG. 5C and particularly curve  360 , discharging memory cell  30  in accordance with this embodiment of the present invention does successfully eliminate a substantial portion of the remaining charge on drain region  38  and consequently, on bit line  48 .  
         [0043]    Thus, it should be obvious to one skilled in the art that the present invention overcomes the drawbacks of the conventional method for discharging memory cell arrays. By requiring only one switch for discharging a plurality of memory cells within the memory cell array, the present invention teaches memory cells that are both smaller and less expensive to manufacture than those manufactured in accordance with the conventional method.  
         [0044]    Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made therein without departing form the spirit and the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.