Abstract:
A moisture management fabric using denier differential to facilitate the movement of sweat away from the wearer&#39;s body is presented. An exemplary moisture management support garment constructed from an exemplary moisture management fabric is presented. An exemplary moisture management support garment is a moisture transporting sport bra. A denier differential is employed to provide superior moisture transporting and evaporation of perspiration from a wearer during exertion. The denier differential relies upon a facing layer and a back layer with substantially different yarn thickness and fabric porosity to achieve fluid transport.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Divisional Application which claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 12/987,235, filed Jan. 10, 2011, entitled “Moisture Management Support Garment With A Denier Differential Mechanism.” The entirety of the aforementioned application is incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to moisture management apparel for wear during exertion. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Sweat evaporation from a person&#39;s skin is one of the most important cooling mechanisms during exertion. Typically, in a given set of environmental conditions, a person will perspire at an increased rate with increasing exertion. Perspiration rate may be exacerbated by the fact that skin temperatures become progressively warmer with tighter fitting garments. Sweat saturated garments are not only uncomfortable to the wearer but can promote bacterial proliferation and adversely affect thermal regulation. Moisture management is the ability of a fabric to transport sweat away from the body in order to keep the wearer dry and comfortable. 
     SUMMARY 
     Accordingly, despite the improvements of known athletic garments, many approaches to moisture management rely upon material properties of textiles. A denier differential mechanism is presented herein, utilizing morphological properties of fibers and textiles, to provide moisture management properties. Denier differential refers to yarn of different denier or thickness on the face versus the back of a textile. A moisture management fabric may be engineered with two sides: a facing layer and a back layer. Surface tension and capillary forces drive the moisture from the wearer&#39;s skin to the back layer. Moisture then moves from the back layer to the facing layer due to increased surface area of the facing layer. Due to the increased surface area of the facing layer, moisture may be spread out with greater surface area to evaporate. 
     One example includes a moisture management support garment comprising a first fabric layer comprising a first yarn of a first denier per filament, wherein the first denier per filament is between 0.50 and 1.04, and a second fabric layer adjacent the first fabric layer comprising a second yarn of a second denier per filament greater than the first denier per filament, wherein the second denier per filament is between 1.04 and 3.50 and a denier differential between the first denier per filament and the second denier per filament is at least 0.54, wherein the second fabric layer is the inner most layer of the garment when the garment is worn. Additionally, the first yarn may be polyester and the second yarn may be polyester. In another example, the first yarn may be nylon and the second yarn may be polyester. The first fabric layer may be single-knit and the second fabric layer may also be single-knit. Alternatively, the first fabric layer and the second fabric layer are double-knit. In another example, the first fabric layer and the second fabric layer are plaited single-knit. Furthermore, the moisture management support garment may comprise a third fabric layer of a third yarn of a third denier per filament, wherein the third denier per filament is between 0.50 and 1.04 and the third fabric layer is disposed between the first fabric layer and the second fabric layer. The moisture management support garment may comprise a fourth fabric layer of a fourth yarn of a fourth denier per filament, wherein the fourth denier per filament is between 1.04 and 3.5 and the fourth fabric layer is disposed between the third fabric layer and the second fabric layer. In another example, the moisture management support ferment may comprise a fifth fabric layer of a fifth yarn of a fifth denier per filament, wherein the fifth denier per filament is between 1.04 and 3.5, wherein the fifth fabric layer is disposed between the first fabric layer and the second fabric layer. For example, the fifth denier per filament may be greater than the first denier per filament but less than or equal to the second denier per filament. Additional layers may have a denier per filament between the first denier per filament and the second denier per filament forming a denier per filament gradient. In another example, the first fabric layer may have a stretch of at least 30% and the second fabric layer may have a stretch of at least 30%. 
     An additional example includes a moisture management fabric comprising a first fabric layer comprising a first yarn of a first denier per filament, wherein the first denier per filament is less than or equal to 1.04, and a second fabric layer adjacent to the first fabric layer comprising a second yarn of a second denier per filament greater than the first denier per filament, wherein the second denier per filament is greater than or equal to 1.04 and a denier differential between the first denier per filament and the second denier per filament is at least 0.54. Furthermore, the first yarn may be polyester and the second yarn may be polyester. In one example, the first yarn may be nylon and the second yarn may be polyester. The first fabric layer may be single-knit and the second fabric layer may be single-knit. In another example, the first fabric layer and the second fabric layer may be either double-knit or plaited single-knit. Additionally, the first fabric layer may have a stretch of at least 30%. The second fabric layer may also have a stretch of at least 30%. The moisture management fabric may further comprise at least one additional fabric layer of a third yarn of a third denier per filament, wherein the at least one additional fabric layer is disposed between the first fabric layer and the second fabric layer. Additional layers may have a denier per filament between the first denier per filament and the second denier per filament forming a denier per filament gradient. In one example, the third denier per filament is less than or equal to 1.04. In another example, the third denier per filament is greater than 1.04. The moisture management fabric may further comprise at least one additional fabric layer of a fourth yarn of a fourth denier per filament, wherein the fourth denier per filament is greater than or equal to 1.04. The moisture management fabric may further comprise at least one additional fabric layer of a fourth yarn of a fourth denier per filament, wherein the fourth denier per filament is less than or equal to 1.04. 
     Another example includes a moisture transporting sport bra comprising a facing layer, the facing layer comprising a first yarn of a first denier per filament, wherein the first denier per filament is between 0.50 and 1.04; and a back layer adjacent the facing layer, the back layer comprising a second yarn of a second denier per filament greater than the first denier per filament, wherein the second denier per filament is between 1.04 and 3.50 and a denier differential between the first denier per filament and the second denier per filament is at least 0.54, wherein the back layer is adjacent to the skin of a wearer when the moisture transporting sport bra is worn. In one example, the first yarn may be polyester and the second yarn may be polyester. In another example, the first yarn may be nylon and the second yarn may be polyester. Furthermore, the facing layer may be single-knit and the back layer may be single-knit. The facing layer and the back layer may be double-knit or plaited single knit. The moisture transporting sport bra may comprise a third fabric layer of a third yarn of a third denier per filament, wherein the third fabric layer is disposed between the facing layer and the back layer. Additional layers may have a denier per filament between the first denier per filament and the second denier per filament forming a denier per filament gradient. The third denier per filament may be less than or equal to 1.04. In another example, the third denier per filament may be greater than or equal to 1.04. For example, the third denier per filament may be greater than the first denier per filament but less than or equal to the second denier per filament. The third fabric layer and the facing layer may be double-knit and the back layer may be single-knit. The third fabric layer and the back layer are double-knit and the facing layer is single-knit. The moisture transporting sport bra may further comprise a fourth fabric layer of a fourth yarn of a fourth denier per filament, wherein the fourth denier per filament may be less than or equal to 1.04 and the fourth fabric layer may be disposed between the facing layer and the third fabric layer. 
     This section provides a general summary of the disclosure, and is not a comprehensive disclosure of its full scope or all of its features. Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. The description and specific examples in this summary are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. 
    
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
       The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only of selected examples and not all possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. 
         FIGS. 1A-D  are schematics of an exemplary denier differential fabric with an illustrative moisture path from the wearer&#39;s body surface to the exterior of the fabric and exemplary denier differential fabrics with one or more additional fabric layers. 
         FIGS. 2A-B  are illustrations of aspects of the yarns comprising a denier differential fabric. 
         FIG. 3  is an illustration of an exemplary moisture management support garment. 
         FIGS. 4A-B  are schematics of an exemplary knitted fabric layer and an exemplary knitted fabric layer which may comprise a denier differential fabric. 
         FIGS. 5A-B  are schematics of an exemplary woven fabric layer and an exemplary woven fabric layer which may comprise a denier differential fabric. 
         FIGS. 6A-D  are schematics of an exemplary moisture management support garment with an illustrative moisture path from the wearer&#39;s body surface to the exterior of the garment and further exemplary moisture management support garments including additional fabric layers. 
         FIG. 7  is an illustration of an exemplary moisture transporting sport bra. 
         FIG. 8A-D  are schematics of an exemplary moisture transporting sport bra with an illustrative moisture path from the wearer&#39;s body surface to the exterior of the sport bra and exemplary moisture transporting sport bras with additional fabric layers. 
         FIGS. 9A-B  are illustrations of exemplary stretchable denier differential fabric. 
     
    
    
     Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring to  FIG. 1A , an example of a moisture management fabric is depicted. The moisture management fabric  101  comprises two layers: a first fabric layer  103  and a second fabric layer  102 . Additional aspects may include additional layers adjacent first or second fabric layer or both that may provide tailored levels of moisture management and support in a composite fabric. Both the first fabric layer  103  and second fabric layer  102  may be constructed of a yarn or thread. 
     The first fabric layer  103  and the second fabric layer  102  may be constructed separately, by knitting or weaving, and assembled to form the fabric. In another example, the layer  103  and the second fabric layer  102  may be constructed continuously, by knitting or weaving, to form a seamless fabric. The second fabric layer  102  is the layer adjacent to the wearer&#39;s body  100  and the first fabric layer  103  is adjacent to the second fabric layer  102 . The wearer&#39;s body  100  perspires and moisture may be adsorbed  104  from the body  100  surface to the first fabric layer  103 . The denier differential, which is discussed in greater detail below, between the first fabric layer  103  and the second fabric layer  102 , can provide a difference in porosity and surface area wherein the first fabric layer  103  has a greater surface area and smaller pores than the second fabric layer  102 . The smaller pores and greater surface area results in increased capillary force for aqueous solutions for the first fabric layer  103  than the second fabric layer  102 . The denier differential produces wicking  105  from the second fabric layer  102  to the first fabric layer  103 . The moisture, once transported to the first fabric layer  103 , may be adsorbed to and spread out over the increased surface area of the first fabric layer  103 . The increased surface area of the first fabric layer  103  can encourage moisture evaporation  106  from the first fabric layer  103 . The moisture management fabric can thus transport moisture efficiently from the wearer  100 , to the second fabric layer  102  to keep the wearer comfortable, and to the first fabric layer  103  to promote evaporation from the fabric to keep the wearer dry. 
       FIGS. 1B-D  illustrate examples of a moisture management fabric with at least one additional fabric layer.  FIG. 1B  illustrates a third fabric layer  109  disposed between the first fabric layer  110  and the second fabric layer  108 . In this example of a moisture management fabric, the third fabric layer  109  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a third yarn or thread. The first fabric layer may be constructed by knitting or weaving a first yarn and the second fabric layer may be constructed by knitting or weaving a second yarn. In  FIG. 1B , the third fabric layer  109  may be constructed such that the porosity and surface area of the third fabric layer  109  is greater than the porosity and surface area of the second fabric layer  108 . The third fabric layer  109  may be constructed by knitting or weaving third yarn of a third denier per filament, which is comparable in size to or larger than the first yarn. The denier per filament of the third fabric layer  109  may be greater than the denier per filament of the first fabric layer  110  and less than the denier per filament of the second fabric layer  108  such that a gradient of surface areas and porosities is provided. The first fabric layer and the third fabric layer may be knitted separately, double-knit, or plaited single-knit. The second fabric layer may be knitted separately. In another example, the third fabric layer and the second fabric layer may be knitted separately, double knit, or plaited single knit. The first fabric layer may be knitted separately. 
       FIG. 1C  illustrates a moisture management fabric  116  having at least a third fabric layer  114  which is an intermediate layer of the fabric disposed between the first fabric layer  115  and the second fabric layer  113 . In one example of a moisture management fabric  116 , the third fabric layer  114  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a third yarn or thread. The first fabric layer  115  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a first yarn or thread; and the second fabric layer  113  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a second yarn or thread. In  FIG. 1C , the third fabric layer  114  may be constructed such that the porosity and surface area of the third fabric layer  114  is less than the porosity and surface area of the first fabric layer  115 . The third fabric layer  114  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a yarn or thread, which is comparable in size to or less than in size than yarn or thread of the second fabric layer  113 . The denier per filament of the third fabric layer  114  may be greater than the denier per filament of the first fabric layer  115  and less than the denier per filament of the second fabric layer  113  such that a gradient of surface areas and porosities is provided. The first fabric layer  115  and the third fabric layer  114  may be knitted separately, double-knit, or plaited single-knit. The second fabric layer  113  may be knitted separately. In another example, the third fabric layer  114  and the second fabric layer  113  may be knitted separately, double knit, or plaited single knit. The first fabric layer  115  may be knitted separately. 
       FIG. 1D  illustrates moisture management fabric  122  having at least a third fabric layer  120  and a fourth fabric layer  119  each of which is an intermediate layer of the fabric disposed between the first fabric layer  121  and the second fabric layer  118 . In one example of a moisture management fabric, the third fabric layer  120  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a third yarn or thread. In one example of a moisture management fabric, the fourth fabric layer  119  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a third yarn or thread. The first fabric layer  121  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a first yarn or thread; and the second fabric layer  118  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a second yarn or thread. In  FIG. 1D , the fabric  122  may be constructed such that the porosity and surface area of the third fabric layer  120  is less than the porosity and surface area of the first fabric layer  121  and the porosity and surface area of the fourth fabric layer  119  is greater than the porosity and surface area of the second fabric layer. In one example, the third fabric layer  120  has a porosity and surface area between that of the fourth fabric layer  119  and the first fabric layer  121 ; and the fourth fabric layer  119  has a porosity and surface area between that of the third fabric layer  120  and the second fabric layer. The first fabric layer  121 , the second fabric layer  118 , the third fabric layer  120 , and the fourth fabric layer  119  may be woven or knitted separately. Alternatively, adjacent layers, such as the first fabric layer  121  and the third fabric layer  120 , the third fabric layer  120  and the fourth fabric layer  119 , the fourth fabric layer  119  and the second fabric layer  118  may be double-knit or plaited single-knit and combined with the remaining single, double-knit, or plaited single-knit layers. 
     Any combination of the examples illustrated in  FIGS. 1A-D  may be employed to achieve a moisture management fabric. Examples including a plurality of fabric layers may provide a gradient of surface areas and porosities for a composite fabric. In another example, additional fabric layers adjacent to the first fabric layer and second fabric layer may have similar porosity and surface area as the contacting first fabric layer and second fabric layer. In another example, a plurality of the above described fabric layers may provide a moisture management fabric with specific moisture management properties. 
       FIGS. 2A-B  illustrate examples of the yarns that may be employed in the construction of the denier differential fabric. The yarns depicted in  FIGS. 2A-B  are not to scale and furthermore not limiting to yarns or fibers used in accordance with the invention.  FIG. 2A  illustrates an exemplary second yarn  201  that may be used to construct a moisture management support garment. The yarn may be a monofilament or multifilament yarn of any known synthetic or natural fiber. The yarn may be a filament yarn or a spun yarn. The exemplary second yarn  201  may be a bundle  203  of individual filaments  202 . The total yarn size  204  may be measured in denier, for example 9,000 m of the exemplary yarn weighs X g has a size of X denier. The denier per filament is calculated by dividing the total yarn size (X denier) by the total number  200  of filaments  202 . In  FIG. 2B , an exemplary first yarn  206  may be used to construct a moisture management support garment. The exemplary first yarn  206  may be a bundle  209  of individual filaments  208  of any known synthetic or natural fiber. The exemplary first yarn  206  may have a size  207  represented as Y denier, for a first yarn  206  weighing Y g for 9,000 m. The denier per filament is calculated by dividing the total yarn size (Y denier) by the total number  205  of filaments  208 . A yarn of less than or equal to 1.04 denier per filament may be a microfiber. The denier differential may be described as the difference in the denier per filament of the first yarn and the denier per filament of the second yarn. The first yarn  206  may be composed of nylon or polyester and the second yarn  201  may be composed of polyester. Moreover, surface treatment or additional modification may be employed to impart a greater relative hydrophobicity to the macrofiber or a great relative hydrophillicity to the microfiber. Not shown are third and fourth yarns which may also be a bundle of individual filaments or any known synthetic or natural fiber. Third and fourth yarns may also be measured in terms of a third and fourth denier per filament, respectively. 
     In one example, the first fabric layer may be knitted or woven of a first yarn of a first denier per filament of less than or equal to 1.04 denier per filament, preferably 0.50 to 1.04 denier per filament. The second fabric layer may be knitted or woven of a second yarn of a second denier per filament of greater than or equal to 1.04 denier per filament, preferably 1.04 to 3.50. The denier differential between the first yarn and the second yarn may be at least 0.54. The third fabric layer may be knitted or woven of a third yarn of a third denier per filament. In one example, the third denier per filament is less than or equal to 1.04 denier per filament, preferably 0.50 to 1.04 denier per filament. In another example, the third denier per filament is greater than or equal to 1.04, preferably 1.04 to 3.50. The third denier per filament may be a value less than the second denier per filament but greater than the first denier per filament. In another example, the fourth fabric layer may be knitted or woven of a fourth yarn of a fourth denier per filament. The fourth denier per filament may be less than or equal to 1.04 denier per filament, preferably 0.50 to 1.04 denier per filament. Alternatively, the fourth denier per filament may be greater than or equal to 1.04, preferably 1.04 to 3.50. The fourth denier per filament may be a value less than the second denier per filament but greater than the first denier per filament. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , one example of a moisture management support garment  301  is illustrated. The moisture management fabric described previously may be used to construct any number of garments that are suitable for the applications of the wearer  300 . The moisture management support garment  301  provides improved sweat wicking and evaporation during exertion. The moisture management support garment  301  may be constructed using any garment manufacturing means. Additionally, the moisture management support garment  301 , while incorporating the denier differential mechanism, may employ other fabrics and materials to modify the performance parameters. For example, the moisture management support garment  301  may incorporate a plurality of fabric layers that employ that denier differential mechanism to form a composite garment that can have moisture management properties tailored to specific applications such as various sports or levels of exertion. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 4A-B , one example of a first fabric layer  400  and second fabric layer  403  of an exemplary knitted moisture management support garment is illustrated.  FIG. 4A  depicts an exemplary knitted structure of the first yarn  401  to form a first knit  400  with relatively small pores  402  and high porosity.  FIG. 4B  also depicts an exemplary knitted structure of the corresponding second yarn  404  to form the second knit  403  with fewer pores  405  of greater size and lower porosity. The knits depicted in  FIGS. 4A-B  are not to scale and furthermore not limiting to the knitted structure of the fabric used in accordance with the present invention, for which any pattern or method of knitting may be employed. The first knit  400  and the second knit  403  may be single knit separately and joined to form the exemplary fabric. In one example, the first knit  400  and the second knit  403  may be a double-knit. Alternatively, the first knit  400  and the second knit  403  may be a plaited single knit. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 5A-B , one example of a first fabric layer  500  and second fabric layer  503  of an exemplary woven moisture management support garment is illustrated.  FIG. 5A  depicts an exemplary woven structure of the first yarn  501  to form a first weave  500  with relatively small pores  502  and high porosity.  FIG. 5B  also depicts an exemplary woven structure of the corresponding second yarn  504  to form the second weave  503  with fewer pores  505  of greater size and lower porosity. The woven structures depicted in  FIGS. 5A-B  are not to scale and furthermore not limiting to the woven structure of the fabric used in accordance with the present invention, for which any pattern or method of weaving may be employed. 
       FIG. 6A-6D  an example of a moisture management support garment is depicted. The moisture management support garment  601  comprises two layers: a first fabric layer  603  and a second fabric layer  602 . Additional examples may include additional layers adjacent first or second fabric layer or both that may provide tailored levels of moisture management and support in a composite fabric. Both the first fabric layer  603  and second fabric layer  602  may be constructed of a yarn or thread. The first fabric layer  603  may be constructed of a first yarn having a denier per filament of less than or equal to 1.04. The second fabric layer  602  may be constructed of a second yarn or thread of greater than or equal to 1.04. The denier differential between the first yarn and the second yarn may be at least 0.54. 
     The first fabric layer  603  and the second fabric layer  602  may be constructed separately, by knitting or weaving, and assembled to form the fabric. In another example, the layer  603  and the second fabric layer  602  may be constructed continuously, by knitting or weaving, to form a seamless fabric. The second fabric layer  602  is the layer adjacent to the wearer&#39;s body  600  and the first fabric layer  603  is adjacent to the second fabric layer  602 . The wearer&#39;s body  600  perspires and moisture may be adsorbed  604  from the body  600  surface to the first fabric layer  603 . The denier differential between the first fabric layer  603  and the second fabric layer  602 , can provide a difference in porosity and surface area wherein the first fabric layer  603  has a greater surface area and smaller pores than the second fabric layer  602 . The smaller pores and greater surface area results in increased capillary force for aqueous solutions for the first fabric layer  603  than the second fabric layer  602 . The denier differential produces wicking  605  from the second fabric layer  602  to the first fabric layer  603 . The moisture, once transported to the first fabric layer  603 , may be adsorbed to and spread out over the increased surface area of the first fabric layer  603 . The increased surface area of the first fabric layer  603  can encourage moisture evaporation  606  from the first fabric layer  603 . The moisture management support garment  601 , which may be constructed of a moisture management fabric described above, can thus transport moisture efficiently from the wearer  600 , to the second fabric layer  602  to keep the wearer comfortable, and to the first fabric layer  603  to promote evaporation from the garment to keep the wearer dry. 
       FIGS. 6B-D  illustrate examples of moisture management support garment with at least one additional fabric layer.  FIG. 6B  illustrates a moisture management support garment  611  having at least a third fabric layer  609  disposed between the first fabric layer  610  and the second fabric layer  608 . In this example of a moisture management support garment, the third fabric layer  609  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a third yarn or thread. The first fabric layer may be constructed by knitting or weaving a first yarn and the second fabric layer may be constructed by knitting or weaving a second yarn. 
     In  FIG. 6B , the third fabric layer  609  may be constructed such that the porosity and surface area of the third fabric layer  609  is greater than the porosity and surface area of the second fabric layer  608 . The third fabric layer  609  may be constructed by knitting or weaving third yarn of a third denier per filament, which is comparable in size to or larger than the first yarn. The third fabric layer  609  may be constructed of a yarn having a denier per filament of less than or equal to 1.04. For example, the denier per filament of the third fabric layer may be greater than the denier per filament of the first fabric layer  610  but less than the denier per filament of the second fabric layer  608  thereby forming a gradient of surface areas and porosities. The first fabric layer and the third fabric layer may be knitted separately, double-knit, or plaited single-knit. The second fabric layer may be knitted separately. In another example, the third fabric layer and the second fabric layer may be knitted separately, double knit, or plaited single knit. The first fabric layer may be knitted separately. 
       FIG. 6C  illustrates a moisture management support garment  616  having at least a third fabric layer  614  which is an intermediate layer of the garment disposed between the first fabric layer  615  and the second fabric layer  613 . In one example of a moisture management support garment  616 , the third fabric layer  614  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a third yarn or thread. The third fabric layer  614  may be constructed of a third yarn having a denier per filament of greater than or equal to 1.04. The first fabric layer  615  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a first yarn or thread; and the second fabric layer  613  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a second yarn or thread. 
     In  FIG. 6C , the third fabric layer  614  may be constructed such that the porosity and surface area of the third fabric layer  614  is less than the porosity and surface area of the first fabric layer  615 . The third fabric layer  614  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a yarn or thread, which is comparable or smaller in size to yarn or thread of the second fabric layer  613 . For example, the denier per filament of the third fabric layer  614  may be greater than the denier per filament of the first fabric layer  615  but less than the denier per filament of the second fabric layer  613  thereby forming a gradient of surface areas and porosities. The first fabric layer  615  and the third fabric layer  614  may be knitted separately, double-knit, or plaited single-knit. The second fabric layer  613  may be knitted separately. In another example, the third fabric layer  614  and the second fabric layer  613  may be knitted separately, double knit, or plaited single knit. The first fabric layer  615  may be knitted separately. 
       FIG. 6D  illustrates a moisture management support garment  622  having at least a third fabric layer  620  and a fourth fabric layer  619 , each of which is an intermediate layer of the garment disposed between the first fabric layer  621  and the second fabric layer  618 . In one example of a moisture management support garment  622 , the third fabric layer  620  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a third yarn or thread. In one example of a moisture management support garment  622 , the fourth fabric layer  619  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a third yarn or thread. The first fabric layer  621  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a first yarn or thread; and the second fabric layer  618  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a second yarn or thread. 
     In  FIG. 6D , the moisture management support garment  622  may be constructed such that the porosity and surface area of the third fabric layer  620  is less than the porosity and surface area of the first fabric layer  621  and the porosity and surface area of the fourth fabric layer  619  is greater than the porosity and surface area of the second fabric layer. In one example, the third fabric layer  620  is constructed of a yarn having a denier per filament of less than or equal to 1.04 and the fourth fabric layer  619  is constructed of a yarn having a denier per filament of greater than or equal to 1.04. In one example, the third fabric layer  620  has a porosity and surface area between that of the fourth fabric layer  619  and the first fabric layer  621 ; and the fourth fabric layer  619  has a porosity and surface area between that of the third fabric layer  620  and the second fabric layer. The first fabric layer  621 , the second fabric layer  618 , the third fabric layer  620 , and the fourth fabric layer  619  may be woven or knitted separately. Alternatively, adjacent layers, such as the first fabric layer  621  and the third fabric layer  620 , the third fabric layer  620  and the fourth fabric layer  619 , the fourth fabric layer  619  and the second fabric layer  618  may be double-knit or plaited single-knit and combined with the remaining single, double-knit, or plaited single-knit layers. 
     Any combination of the examples illustrated in  FIGS. 6A-D  may be employed to achieve a moisture management support garment. Examples including a plurality of fabric layers may provide a gradient of surface areas and porosities for a composite garment. In another example, additional fabric layers adjacent to the first fabric layer and second fabric layer may have similar porosity and surface area as the contacting first fabric layer and second fabric layer. In another example, a plurality of the above described fabric layers may provide a garment of specific moisture management properties. 
       FIG. 7  is an instance wherein the moisture management support garment may be a moisture transporting sport bra  701  worn close to and conformally by the wearer  700 . The moisture transporting sport bra  701  provides mechanical support to the wearer while allowing improved sweat wicking and evaporation during exertion. The moisture transporting sport bra  701  may be constructed using any garment manufacturing means. Additionally, the moisture transporting sport bra  701 , while incorporating the denier differential mechanism, may employ other fabrics and materials to modify the performance parameters. For example, the moisture transporting sport bra  701  may incorporate a plurality of fabric layers that employ that denier differential mechanism to form a composite sport bra that can have moisture management properties tailored to specific applications such as various sports or levels of exertion. 
       FIG. 8A-8D  illustrate examples of a moisture transporting sport bra. The moisture transporting sport bra may be constructed of the moisture transporting fabric described above. The moisture transporting sport bra  801  comprises two layers: a facing layer  803  and a back layer  802 . Additional examples may include additional layers adjacent facing or back layer or both that may provide tailored levels of moisture management and support in a composite fabric. Both the facing layer  803  and back layer  802  may be constructed of a yarn or thread. The facing layer  803  may be constructed of a first yarn having a denier per filament of less than or equal to 1.04, preferably between 0.50 and 1.04 denier per filament. The back layer  802  may be constructed of a second yarn or thread of greater than or equal to 1.04, preferably between 1.04 and 3.50 denier per filament. The denier differential between the first yarn and the second yarn may be at least 0.54. 
     The facing layer  803  and the back layer  802  may be constructed separately, by knitting or weaving, and assembled to form the fabric. In another example, the facing layer  803  and the back layer  802  may be constructed continuously, by knitting or weaving, to form a seamless fabric. The back layer  802  is the layer adjacent to the wearer&#39;s body  800  and the facing layer  803  is adjacent to the back layer  802 . The wearer&#39;s body  800  perspires and moisture may be adsorbed  804  from the body  800  surface to the facing layer  803 . The denier differential between the facing layer  803  and the back layer  802  can provide a difference in porosity and surface area wherein the facing layer  803  has a greater surface area and smaller pores than the back layer  802 . The smaller pores and greater surface area results in increased capillary force for aqueous solutions for the facing layer  803  than the back layer  802 . The denier differential produces wicking  805  from the back layer  802  to the facing layer  803 . The moisture, once transported to the facing layer  803 , may be adsorbed to and spread out over the increased surface area of the facing layer  803 . The increased surface area of the facing layer  803  can encourage moisture evaporation  808  from the facing layer  803 . The moisture transporting sport bra  801 , which may be constructed of a moisture management fabric described above, can thus transport moisture efficiently from the wearer  800 , to the back layer  802  to keep the wearer comfortable, and to the facing layer  803  to promote evaporation from the moisture management sport bra to keep the wearer dry. 
       FIGS. 8B-D  illustrate examples of moisture transporting sport bra with at least one additional fabric layer.  FIG. 8B  illustrates a moisture transporting sport bra  811  having at least a third fabric layer  109  disposed between the facing layer  810  and the back layer  808 . In this example of a moisture transporting sport bra, the third fabric layer  809  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a third yarn or thread. The facing layer may be constructed by knitting or weaving a first yarn and the back layer may be constructed by knitting or weaving a second yarn. 
     In  FIG. 8B , the third fabric layer  809  may be constructed such that the porosity and surface area of the third fabric layer  809  is greater than the porosity and surface area of the back layer  808 . The third fabric layer  809  may be constructed by knitting or weaving third yarn of a third denier per filament, which is comparable in size to the first yarn. The third fabric layer  809  may be constructed of a yarn having a denier per filament or less than or equal to 1.04. The facing layer and the third fabric layer may be knitted separately, double-knit, or plaited single-knit. The back layer may be knitted separately. In another example, the third fabric layer and the back layer may be knitted separately, double knit, or plaited single knit. The facing layer may be knitted separately. 
       FIG. 8C  illustrates a moisture transporting sport bra  818  having at least a third fabric layer  814  which is an intermediate layer of the moisture management sport bra disposed between the facing layer  815  and the back layer  813 . In one example of a moisture transporting sport bra  818 , the third fabric layer  814  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a third yarn or thread. The third fabric layer  814  may be constructed of a third yarn having a denier per filament of greater than or equal to 1.04. The facing layer  815  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a first yarn or thread; and the back layer  813  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a second yarn or thread. 
     In  FIG. 8C , the third fabric layer  814  may be constructed such that the porosity and surface area of the third fabric layer  814  is less than the porosity and surface area of the facing layer  815 . The third fabric layer  814  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a yarn or thread, which is comparable in size to yarn or thread of the back layer  813 . The facing layer  815  and the third fabric layer  814  may be knitted separately, double-knit, or plaited single-knit. The back layer  813  may be knitted separately. In another example, the third fabric layer  814  and the back layer  813  may be knitted separately, double knit, or plaited single knit. The facing layer  815  may be knitted separately. 
       FIG. 8D  illustrates a moisture transporting sport bra  822  having at least a third fabric layer  820  and a fourth fabric layer  819 , each of which is an intermediate layer of the moisture management sport bra disposed between the facing layer  821  and the back layer  818 . In one example of a moisture transporting sport bra  822 , the third fabric layer  820  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a third yarn or thread. In one example of a moisture transporting sport bra  822 , the fourth fabric layer  819  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a third yarn or thread. The facing layer  821  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a first yarn or thread; and the back layer  818  may be constructed by knitting or weaving a second yarn or thread. 
     In  FIG. 8D , the moisture transporting sport bra  822  may be constructed such that the porosity and surface area of the third fabric layer  820  is equal to or less than the porosity and surface area of the facing layer  821  and the porosity and surface area of the fourth fabric layer  819  is greater than or equal to the porosity and surface area of the back layer. The sport bra  822  to may constructed such that a gradient of surface area from greatest to smallest goes from facing layer  821  to back layer  818  with intermediate layers having intermediate and graduated surface areas. Additional layers inserted between the facing layer  821  and the back layer  818  may provide a gradient of surface area and porosity. In one example, the third fabric layer  820  is constructed of a yarn having a denier per filament of less than or equal to 1.04 and the fourth fabric layer  819  is constructed of a yarn having a denier per filament of greater than or equal to 1.04. In one example, the third fabric layer  820  has a porosity and surface area between that of the fourth fabric layer  819  and the facing layer  821 ; and the fourth fabric layer  819  has a porosity and surface area between that of the third fabric layer  820  and the back layer. The facing layer  821 , the back layer  818 , the third fabric layer  820 , and the fourth fabric layer  819  may be woven or knitted separately. Alternatively, adjacent layers, such as the facing layer  821  and the third fabric layer  820 , the third fabric layer  820  and the fourth fabric layer  819 , the fourth fabric layer  819  and the back layer  818  may be double-knit or plaited single-knit and combined with the remaining single, double-knit, or plaited single-knit layers. 
     Any combination of the examples illustrated in  FIGS. 8A-D  may be employed to achieve a moisture transporting sport bra. Examples including a plurality of fabric layers may provide a gradient of surface areas and porosities for a composite moisture management sport bra. In another example, additional fabric layers adjacent to the facing layer and back layer may have similar porosity and surface area as the contacting facing layer and back layer. In another example, a plurality of the above described fabric layers may provide a moisture management sport bra of specific moisture management properties. 
       FIGS. 9A-B  are schematics of aspects of the moisture management support garment wherein at least a portion of the garment can have a stretch of at least 30%, preferably 30% to 50%. Stretch may be imparted to a garment by knitting to produce an inherent stretch or by including a portion of stretchable material such as Spandex. Portions of an exemplary moisture management support garment may include regions of different stretch and rigidity to provide additional support. In another example, at least a portion of the moisture transporting sport bra can have a stretch of at least 30%, preferably 30% to 50%. The moisture transporting sports bra may include “locked out” areas such as the cup, shoulder strap, center-front, and wings that have different degrees of stretch in order to provide suitable support. In another example, at least a portion of the facing layer may have a stretch of at least 30%, preferably 30% to 50%. At least a portion of the corresponding back layer may have a stretch of at least 30%, preferably 30% to 50%. Examples may also include a facing layer and corresponding back layer with reduced or increased stretch to provide suitable support for various garment applications. Exemplary stretch may be achieved by knitting or employing elastic fibers. In an additional example, the facing layer may have a stretch of at least 30%, preferably 30% to 50%. The corresponding back layer may have a stretch of at least 30%, preferably 30% to 50%. Examples may also include a facing layer and a backing layer with regions of different stretch to provide suitable support for any garment application. As shown in  FIG. 9A , portions of the facing layer or first layer  901  may stretch omni-directionally  902  and portions of the back layer or second layer  903  may stretch omni-directionally. As shown in  FIG. 9B , portions of the facing layer or first layer  905  may stretch uni-axially  906  and portions of the back layer or second layer  907  may stretch uni-axially. A garment or fabric containing a plurality of layers disposed between the facing layer and back layer may have complementary or coordinating stretch imparted to the plurality of layers. Composite moisture management fabric and moisture management support garments may have layers of variable stretchability to tailor performance and fit of the product. Additional aspects may include any plurality of directional stretching in different regions of the garment and/or textile to provide suitable support for any garment application. 
     The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention. Individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and may be used in a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described.