Abstract:
An angularly adjustable side view mirror mounted upon a first vehicle is normally positioned to display to the driver reflections of the area at the side and rear of the vehicle. The mirror is temporarily angularly adjusted by a motor, out of its normal position into a temporary position which displays to the driver a following vehicle that is momentarily located in the first vehicle&#39;s side blind spot area. The motor angularly turns the mirror a predetermined amount from its pre-set normal position to its pre-determined temporary position and then back to its normal position in response to signals from a detector. The detector senses the presence of a following vehicle in the blind spot area and, consequently, activates the motor to move and hold the mirror in the temporary blind spot area viewing position while the vehicle is located therein.

Description:
This invention relates to a side view automotive vehicle mirror which will automatically adjust its position to display a following vehicle located in the “blind spot” zone of a leading vehicle and then return, automatically, to its normal side-rear viewing position when the “blind spot” zone is clear. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
     Automotive vehicles, such as passenger cars and trucks, conventionally have side view mirrors mounted on the sides of the vehicles to display to the driver images of the areas behind and to the sides of the vehicle. A conventional side view mirror comprises a support housing within which an adjustable angle mirror is mounted. The housing is connected to the vehicle in various known manners. The angularity of such mirrors can be adjusted by the vehicle driver either remotely, that is, from the driver&#39;s position behind the steering wheel of the vehicle, or directly, by direct hand pressure upon the mirror to move it within the housing. 
     Typically, the driver of a vehicle adjusts the angularity of the mirror so that the driver can view a reflected image of the respective side and rear area of the vehicle. Since the driver&#39;s position in a vehicle varies from one time to another because the driver may adjust the position of the vehicle seat upwardly or downwardly or forwardly and rearwardly, a mechanism for angularly adjusting the mirror is necessary in order to best display the reflected image desired by the driver. 
     Conventional, side view mirrors display a narrow angle and far distant side and rear area relative to the vehicle. Thus, there is normally a short distance area along the side of the vehicle which is commonly referred to as the “blind spot” or “blind spot” zone or area which is not ordinarily visible to the driver. In those instances where a following vehicle enters the blind spot area, the driver of the leading vehicle may not be aware of that condition. Because the following vehicle is not readily visible to the driver of the leading vehicle, the driver of the leading vehicle may inadvertently steer into the adjacent lane where the following vehicle is located or may veer towards the following vehicle a sufficient distance to collide with the following vehicle. Thus, accidents, involving collisions between a leading vehicle and a following vehicle located in the blind spot zone of the leading vehicle are common. At times, where the driver of the following vehicle was sufficiently alert, the following vehicle may have swerved away from the leading vehicle. That could have caused the following vehicle to run off the road or to collide with a another vehicle located on the opposite side of the following vehicle. 
     In the case of large trucks, frequently a separate, short range, wide angle, “blind spot” zone viewing mirror is mounted below or adjacent the normal side view mirror. Thus, the driver, has two mirrors to monitor in order to obtain both the normal side-rear view and a view of the vehicle&#39;s blind spot zone. However, that is somewhat distracting to the driver. Although separate “blind spot” or wide angle mirrors have been proposed for automobiles, the required sizes or size limitations on side view mirrors, in general, make these dual mirrors unpopular. 
     Thus, it would be desirable to have a dual view, side view mirror available for automotive vehicles, particularly passenger automobiles and other small size vehicles, which normally displays a normal side-rear image but which, when appropriate, will temporarily display a view of the blind spot zone to the vehicle driver. The invention herein is concerned with providing such a dual mirror which normally reflects the conventional narrow and long range side and rear view for a vehicle driver but, which will sense the presence of a following vehicle in the blind spot zone of a leading vehicle, and thereafter, will automatically adjust the angle of the mirror to momentarily display the presence of a following vehicle. When the following vehicle is no longer in the blind spot zone, the side view mirror will automatically return to its normal position. 
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     This invention is concerned with a dual automotive side view mirror which normally displays a reflection of the side and rear areas relative to an automotive vehicle, but which will momentarily focus upon the blind spot zone when a following vehicle enters and is in that zone. 
     This invention contemplates providing a mirror assembly, with an appropriate detector and sensor system, which can be adjusted by the vehicle driver for ordinary side viewing during driving. However, it also can be pre-set to focus on the blind spot zone automatically when the detector senses a vehicle in that zone. Once the following vehicle leaves that zone the system reverts back to its earlier, ordinary driving position. To accomplish this, a suitable servo-motor is provided which adjusts the angularity of the mirror to enable the vehicle driver to pre-set the normal driving position of the mirror and to pre-set the temporary or blind spot focus position so that the motor automatically positions the mirror in one or the other of the pre-set positions. The pre-set positions are likely to vary for different drivers, depending upon the location of the driver relative to the side view mirror and the normal viewing angles of the driver. These positions may depend on the height of the driver or the position of the driver&#39;s eyes relative to the vehicle side view mirrors. Thus, the system requires adjustability for each particular driver. 
     An object of this invention is to provide a simplified system by which a side view mirror can be pre-set into a normal viewing position relative to a particular driver and, in addition, can be pre-set into a viewing position which reflects the blind spot of the vehicle. The system includes sensing signals or beams which will detect a vehicle in the blind spot and cause the mirror to automatically move to a position that displays the blind spot area and later return the mirror to its normal driving position. 
     Another object of this invention is to provide a system which can be added as a modification to a presently existing mirror control system or which can be separately made as an aftermarket or add-on system to control a mirror assembly mounted on a vehicle. 
     Yet another object of this invention is to provide a system which may be sufficiently versatile so as to use different kinds of sensing signals, such as microwave, laser, ultrasonic, air pressure or the like, depending which may be most economical and commercially effective for a particular installation. 
     These and other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent upon reading the following description, of which the attached drawings form a part. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a plan view of an automobile and the side and rear areas that are viewed in a typical side view mirror; 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic, plan view of a leading vehicle and a following vehicle located in the blind spot zone or area of the leading vehicle and, further; schematically illustrates the emission and the return of sensing signals that detect the presence of the following vehicle in the blind spot zone; 
     FIG. 3 is a schematic, perspective view of a conventional mirror and housing with a signal emitter and receiver on the housing; 
     FIG. 4 is a schematic, elevational view showing a mirror and housing and a servo-motor arrangement for adjusting the angle of the mirror; 
     FIG. 5 schematically shows adjusting the angles of the mirror for normally viewing either the area located to the side and rear of the vehicle or alternatively viewing the blind spot zone of the vehicle; 
     FIG. 6 illustrates a plan, schematic illustration of a modification having the detection system mounted on the rear side of a vehicle rather than directly upon the mirror housing; 
     FIG. 7 is a plan, schematic view, illustrating another modification having an air pressure sensitive detector for providing the signal that a following vehicle is located in the blink spot zone of a lead vehicle; 
     FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram generally showing the circuit components which form a typical electronic circuit for accomplishing the automatic control of the mirror; and 
     FIG. 9 is a schematic, logic diagram illustrating the steps in the start-up of the mirror control system; 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an automobile  10  having a right side mirror assembly  11  and a left side mirror assembly  12  mounted on the sides of the vehicle body. The mirror assemblies, in general, comprise a conventional mirror housing  13  which may be of different shapes and sizes. The housing supports an adjustable angle mirror  14 . The housing may be connected to the automobile by a connection arm or part  15  (see FIG.  3 ). The particular size and shape of the mirror, its support housing, and the manner of which it is attached to the vehicle may vary considerably from vehicle to vehicle and forms no part of this invention. 
     FIG. 1 schematically shows a driver  20  seated upon a conventional adjustable height and position front seat  21  in the vehicle. A dotted line  22  schematically shows the line of sight of the driver to the right side mirror  11 . In viewing the mirror, the driver would have a normal, view of the adjacent side area and the long distance rear area  23  relative to the vehicle. However, the driver would not have a view of the blind spot zone or area  25  which is laterally further away from the side of the vehicle. Thus, the purpose of the invention described herein is to provide the driver with a view of the blind spot area when needed. 
     The invention is described in connection with the right side view mirror  11 . However, a similar construction and system is intended for the left side mirror  12 , if desired. Thus, although this description is limited to the right side mirror, it equally applies to the left side mirror of the vehicle. 
     As schematically illustrated in FIG. 4, the mirror  14  is attached to a spindle  28  which is rotatably mounted within the housing  13 . The particular manner of mounting the mirror is conventional. Since it may vary considerably for different model vehicles and is not part of this invention, the mounting is shown schematically rather than in detail. Those skilled in the art would be able to select the particular mounting that is appropriate for the particular mirror assembly desired. 
     The spindle  28  is connected to a suitable gear  29  or pulley which, in turn, is connected by a gear or by an endless belt  30  to an output gear or pulley  31  of an electrical servo-motor  32  that is energized from the battery of the vehicle. Such motor drive systems are known for vehicles which are equipped to automatically adjust the normal angular positions of the side view mirrors to a pre-set position when a particular driver enters the vehicle. In those systems, when the driver enters the vehicle and is seated, a signal indicates the presence of that particular driver. That automatically causes the mirror to turn to or adjust to a pre-set position for normal rear-side view purposes. 
     As mentioned above, the present system initially detects the presence of a following vehicle in the blind spot zone. Then through an appropriate electronic or electrical control circuit, the system automatically causes the mirror to adjust to an angle that permits the driver to view the following vehicle while it is in the blind spot zone. After that, the detector signals the absence of the following vehicle from the blind spot zone and the mirror automatically is returned by the servo-motor to the original, normal side view position. FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a circuit  35  which operates for that purpose. 
     FIGS. 3 and 4 schematically show a sensor signal beam emitter  36  and a signal receiver  37  that are mounted on the housing  13 . Since the housing does not move relative to the vehicle, the sensor emits a sensing signal beam  38  which overlaps a relatively short zone or area along the side of the vehicle. The beam dissipates after passing through the blind spot zone. If the beam contacts a following vehicle  40  in the blind spot zone, a reflected beam  39  returns to the receiver  37  to activate the circuit  35  which will re-position the mirror for focusing on the blind spot zone. 
     FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a modification in which a detector sensor  43  and receiver are mounted on the side of the vehicle body  45 , such as in the trunk or over the trunk lid of the vehicle rather than in the mirror housing. In that case, the sensor emits an outwardly, transversely directed, signal beam  46  which, if it strikes a vehicle  48  in the blind spot zone, results in a reflected return beam  47  directed to the receiver  44 . Various types of commercially available sensors with emitters and receivers can be selected by those skilled in the art for use for the purpose intended here. 
     FIG. 7 schematically illustrates another modification in which the detector  50  may be in the form of an air pressure sensitive sensor which will sense changes in air pressure (schematically indicated by wavy lines  52 ) due to the air flow (schematically indicated by arrows  51 ) between the leading vehicle  53  and the adjacent following vehicle  54  that is located in the blind spot zone. The pressure change between normal air pressure and the air pressure when the vehicles overlap acts as an input signal to the detection circuit. Sensitive air pressure sensing devices are commercially available and one skilled in the art would be able to select an appropriate one for this purpose. 
     FIG. 8 schematically illustrates an electronic control circuit. FIG. 9 illustrates the logic or steps for the driver to pre-set the circuit so that the mirror can be either in the normal side view position or in the pre-determined blind spot view position. 
     The mirror control circuit illustrated in FIG. 8 utilizes a microwave signal for detecting a vehicle located in the blind spot of a leading vehicle. The circuit has an emitter or antenna which transmits a microwave beam or signal from a transmitter. If the beam, which is set for a short distance, does not detect an object in the blind spot zone, nothing further happens. However, when the beam is reflected back from a vehicle in the blind spot zone, the reflected beam is picked up by a receiver or antenna and transmitted to an amplifier. At that point, the amplifier receives an analog signal which it transmits to a threshold circuit which compares the signal that is received to a reference level (schematically indicated). If the received signal is at a sufficient threshold level, the circuit transmits the signal, which is converted into a digital signal, to a microcontroller. That, in turn, signals the servo-motor driver  55  which actuates the motor  32  to turn the mirror  14 . The servo-motor driver determines and sends back to the microcontroller data locating the current mirror position before actuating the motor. In addition, the microcontroller receives from a memory circuit data about the pre-set normal position or positions A and B, if there are more than one, of the particular driver or drivers as well as data concerning the pre-set blind spot setting or settings C and D of the particular driver. The memory circuit is schematically illustrated at the logic program (in FIG. 8) contained within the memory. These pre-set positions are determined by the driver. In addition, variable position information concerning the current position of the mirror and the desired position are supplied to the microcontroller. 
     In essence, the threshold circuit answers the question as to whether there is or is not a vehicle in the blind spot zone. If there is not, the remainder of the circuit is dormant. If there is, the circuit is actuated as indicated above to re-set the position of the mirror as indicated. 
     The sensing signal that is emitted is preferably a microwave signal, referred to as a radar signal. However, other detection signals and known detection techniques can be used depending upon the cost, commercial availability of components and the like. Thus, the detection signal could be in the form of an ultrasonic beam, or infrared signals or a laser beam or sonar type of sound wave or other known signaling systems. The schematic circuit diagram illustrated in FIG. 8 is intended to refer to each of these various types of signals. Moreover, as mentioned above, the circuit could be used with commercially available mirror adjustment systems which automatically adjust the mirror to the pre-set viewing positions for a particular driver. In those systems, the circuit and parts needed to automatically move the mirror to or from viewing the blind spot zone and the initial normal positions can be added. 
     An alarm device, for example, in the form of an LED light  60  connected to the microcontroller, can be positioned on, or mounted within the dash board, of the vehicle in front of the driver. The light can be actuated to visually alert the driver to the presence of a vehicle in the blind spot. In addition, or alternatively, a conventional sound producing device  61  can be connected to the microcontroller to audibly alert the driver. 
     FIG. 9 schematically illustrates the steps in pre-setting the system for use. At the start the driver re-sets the mirror into the desired blind spot viewing position which is registered in the memory. Then, the driver determines whether the blind spot is occupied or not. If it is not occupied, the mirror is pre-set into the desired position. If that position, is determined to be the current position of the mirror, no further act by the driver is required. 
     If the blind spot is occupied, the blind spot position is loaded into the desired position for the particular driver and the system determines whether the current position equals that blind spot desired position. If not, the mirror is moved to the desired position. Now, the mirror should have a normal position for the particular driver and a blind spot viewing position for that same particular driver. The normal and blind spot viewing positions may vary from one driver to another. Also the positions may vary if a particular driver moves the vehicle seat either rearwardly or forwardly or up and down. Consequently, the driver may have to re-set the normal and blind spot viewing positions from time to time. 
     This invention may be further developed within the scope of the following claims. Therefore, it is desired that the foregoing description be merely descriptive of an operative embodiment of this invention and not in a strictly limiting sense. Having fully described at least one operative embodiment of this invention,