Abstract:
The present invention relates Io a method for multi-antenna signal processing at an antenna element arrangement belonging to a transceiver of a radio communication network, the antenna element arrangement comprising antenna elements ( 211, 221, 231, 241 ) in horizontal and in vertical direction, wherein complex antenna weights are applied to said antenna elements

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a method for multi antenna processing at an antenna element arrangement 
         [0002]    Radio communication networks are equipped with base stations comprising antennas adapted to cover a predefined area of the network. The coverage provided by the antennas should be optimized in order to minimize the number of base station on the one hand while ensuring a good coverage especially on critical parts of the networks (highways, towns, . . . ). Due to the constraints in term of location for the base stations, it is necessary to be able to fine tune the coverage at the antenna level. For this purpose a downtilt which represents the inclination of the antenna in the elevation direction is calculated to provide the appropriate coverage. This downtilt is either fixed and mechanically preset on site or can be remotely modified using a remote control motor able to move the antenna in the elevation direction. 
         [0003]    New radio communication networks have the requirement to provide more efficient services in term of bit rate and in term of capacity. For achieving this some new methods based on multiple antennas at a base station site have been proposed which tend to parallelize the data transmission (to reach higher bitrate) while limiting the interference (to ensure high capacity). MINK) and beamforming are such methods. 
         [0004]    It is a particular object of the present invention to provide a way of further improving multiple antenna signal processing especially in view of MIMO processing, beamforming or interference coordination in new radio communication networks. 
         [0005]    Other objects of the invention are to provide a corresponding transceiver and a corresponding antenna element arrangement. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    These objects, and others that appear below, are achieved by a method for multiple-antenna signal processing at an antenna element arrangement according to claim  1 , a transceiver adapted to perform multi-antenna signal processing in a radio communication network according to claim  7  and an antenna element arrangement according to claim  9 . 
         [0007]    According to the present invention, a method for multiple-antenna signal processing can adapt the orientation of beams in the azimuth as well as in the elevation direction in the context of an antenna element arrangement extending in the horizontal as well as in the vertical direction. The orientation of the beams is reached by applying appropriate complex antenna weights to the different antenna elements. 
         [0008]    This invention presents the advantage that a beam can not only be oriented in the azimuth direction depending on where a user is located in an horizontal plane but also in the elevation direction so as to point the beams selectively to a user. A different elevation angle will be applied if a user is for example in an higher floor of a building, in an airplane or if the user is close or far from the base station. 
         [0009]    The orientation in the elevation direction is reached by applying complex antenna weights to each of the antenna elements so that a pure software solution is put in place without any mechanical move of the antenna elements. The complex antenna weights are either predefined antenna weights part of a codebook or adaptive non-codebook based antenna weights computed at the base station. 
         [0010]    This invention presents the advantage to improve the system&#39;s performance. Due to the directivity, the antenna arrangement gain is improved and results in a stronger received signal. Alternatively, a lower transmit power is necessary for reaching the same received power as in prior art, in this case, lower inter cell interference is experienced in the system and the system capacity can be increased. Moreover, due to an improved spatial separability of the users, the intro cell interference is also reduced. 
         [0011]    This invention further presents the advantage to enable more flexible MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) algorithms in that the azimuth and elevation directions can be exploited individually for each user in the time and frequency direction. For example, a 2-dimensional nullsteering or zero forcing results in an increased in comparison with 1-dimensional nullsteering cell interference reduction in case of multi-user MIMO. The 2 dimensional complex antenna weights control enables it to combine spatial multiplexing and linear precoding for Single-user MIMO. Further advantages can be obtained in relation with multi-site coordinated MIMO as network MIMO or collaborative MIMO. 
         [0012]    This invention further presents the advantage to improve the inter-cell interference coordination algorithms. 
         [0013]    Further advantageous features of the invention are defined in the dependent claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0014]    Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of a preferred embodiment given by way of non-limiting illustrations, and from the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0015]      FIG. 1  shows a transceiver baseband signal processing chain/antenna element arrangement part of a transceiver as known in prior art; 
           [0016]      FIG. 2  shows a transceiver baseband signal processing chain/antenna element arrangement part of a transceiver according to the present invention; 
           [0017]      FIG. 3  shows an application of the present invention to beamforming; 
           [0018]      FIG. 4  an application of the present invention to interference coordination; 
           [0019]      FIG. 5  an application of the present invention to multi-site coordinated Multiple Input Multiple Output algorithms. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0020]      FIG. 1  shows a transceiver processing chain  11  and an antenna element arrangement  12  as known in prior art. The processing chain  11  receives as input a baseband signal or a sum of multiple baseband signal components. The digital baseband signal is converted to analog signal upconverted to become an RF signal, filtered, preamplified, power controlled and amplified in the processing chain. A part of the signal at the output of the amplifier is fed back for retro loop control purpose and the main part of the signal is submitted to antenna element arrangement  12 . 
         [0021]    Antenna element arrangement  12  comprises four vertically stacked antenna elements  121 , . . . ,  124 . It will be clear for those skilled in the art that any number of antenna elements can be vertically stacked. Moreover, several horizontally arranged sets of vertically stacked antenna elements  121 , . . . ,  124  can be connected in parallel to the processing chain  11 . On  FIG. 1  only one set is represented. 
         [0022]    Inside antenna element arrangement  12 , a power splitter and matching module  125  is responsible for distributing the input power over the different antenna elements  121 ,  124 . One phase shifter per antenna is also responsible for applying a phase shift to the different signals to be transmitted over the different antennas. 
         [0023]    Due to the fact that a single baseband signal processing chain is used for determining the settings of an antenna elements  121 , . . . ,  124 , the antenna element weights applied to the baseband signal components are chosen in such a way that the desired fixed antenna downtilt is achieved. 
         [0000]    Different antenna element weights can be used for other antenna element sets.
 
More precisely, when sector antennas have one transceiver chain for each column of elements positioned in z-direction. The downtilt is fixed to Θ d  for all users and all subcarriers and can only slowly be changed in time. Main lobe steering for 1-D bearnforming in principal is the same as above, thus for the i-th antenna element, this can be written as:
 
         [0000]        w   i =exp(− jkr   i   ·{circumflex over (r)} )
 
         [0000]    As there is only one transceiver chain per column of elements, the weights calculated in the baseband for each one of the M elements in a column is identical: 
         [0000]    
       
      
       w 
       BB,3 
       =w 
       BB,2 
       = . . . =w 
       BB,m  
      
     
         [0000]    There is no control of each individual element.
 
Main lobe steering can only be realized in the azimuth direction.
 
       With 
       [0024]    
       
         
           
             L 
             = 
             
               I 
               M 
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    columns, L baseband weights can be generated, with the i-th weight being: 
         [0000]        w   i =exp(− jk ( y   i  sin φ))
 
         [0000]    Together with the fixed downtilt Θ d , the effective weights per element are: 
         [0000]        w   i =exp(− jk ( y   i  sin φ sin θ d   +z   i  cos Θ d ))
 
         [0025]      FIG. 2  shows a transceiver baseband signal processing chain/antenna element arrangement according to the present invention. 
         [0026]    The transceiver comprises several processing chains  21 , . . . ,  24 , each of them connected to an antenna element  211 , . . . ,  241 , The number of processing chains depends on the number of antenna elements of the transceiver. All processing chains  21 , . . . ,  24  receive as input a sum of weighted baseband signal components with different complex weights applied to each of the baseband signal components. The digital baseband signal is converted to analog signal at module  212 , . . . ,  242 , upconverted at module  213 , . . . ,  243 , filtered at module  214 , . . . ,  244 , pre-amplified at module  215 , . . . ,  245 , power controlled at module  216 , . . . ,  246  and amplified at amplifier  217 , . . . ,  247  in the parallel processing chains. A part of the signal at the output of amplifier  217 , . . . ,  247  is fed back for retro loop control purpose and the main part of the signal is submitted to antenna element arrangement  211 , . . . ,  241 . 
         [0027]    According to the present invention each antenna element  211 , . . . ,  241  should correspond to an individual complex antenna weight for each baseband component For this purpose, it is necessary that each antenna element  211 , . . . ,  241  is controlled by a separate processing chain  21 , . . . ,  24 . The different antenna weights are preferably applied to each baseband signal input to each processing chains  21 , . . . ,  24 . 
         [0028]    Using this architecture of the transceiver enables it to control independently the different antenna elements, to use different antenna element weights for each antenna element and consequently being able to have a three dimension control over the horizontally and vertically arranged antenna elements for each baseband component, 
         [0029]    It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the processing chain can be adapted to reach the some effect of being able to assign individual antenna element weights to each antenna element. Not all modules described as part of the processing chain are necessary to reach this effect so that some of these modules may be omitted while remaining under the scope of the present invention. 
         [0030]    Several applications may be envisaged based on the previously described inventions. The main applications of the present invention to beamforming, MIMO and interference coordination will be detailed in the following. 
         [0031]      FIG. 3  shows an application of the present invention to beamforming. It is a prerequisite that the base station  30  is equipped with an antenna element arrangement according to the present invention so either an horizontally arranged set of vertically stacked antenna elements or a 2 dimensional antenna array showing a horizontal and a vertical extension. 
         [0032]    Depending on the location of the terminal relative to the base station: a mobile phone  31  near to the base station, a car  32  having a higher distance to the base station or end-users  33 ,  34  located at the 10 th  respectively the 20 th  floor of a building, the orientation of the beam generated at the base station antenna arrangement need to be adapted in the elevation and azimuth direction to be able to reach each terminal with the best accuracy. The orientation in the elevation direction is obtained by applying appropriate antenna element weights to the different antenna elements of the antenna element arrangement of base station  30 . 
         [0033]    This orientation of the beam in the elevation direction can be combined with the already state of the art orientation on the beam in the azimuth direction so that horizontal as well as vertical antenna patterns are generated and controlled over baseband signal processing. Such a solution allows to maximize the antenna array gain and increasing the received power level at the terminals  31 , . . . ,  34  and preferably reducing the intra-cell interference at the other terminals in multi-user operation. 
         [0000]    Preferably, the location of the user terminal (distance to the base station, azimuth angle, elevation angle) relative to the base station is reported to the base station so that it can calculate the appropriate complex antenna weights to apply to the different antenna elements to generate a beam pointing exactly in the direction of the user. A possible method for calculating complex antenna weights consists in determining a weight vector in order to steer to a certain direction. i is called the steering vector. For the i-th antenna element, this can be written as w i =exp(−jkr i ·{circumflex over (r)})=exp(y i  sin φ sin Θ+z i  cos Θ). This takes into account one transceiver chain for each element in this y,z-plane.
 
In an OFDM-system the weights can be changed individually per user, per OFDM symbol and per subcarrier to steer a beam in the desired φ and Θ direction). The complex antenna weights are either predefined antenna weights part of a codebook or adaptive non-codebook based antenna weights computed at the base station.
 
         [0034]      FIGS. 4  shows an application of the present invention to interference coordination. 
         [0035]      FIG. 4  shows two base stations  41 ,  42  in two neighboring cells and two terminals  43 ,  44 . Mobile terminal  43  is close to its serving base station  41  and mobile terminal  44  is for from its serving base station  42 , According to the present invention, interference between the two neighboring cells can be reduced in that the users in each cells are sorted according lo their distance to the base station and addressed from their base station with beams having different elevations depending on which group the terminal belongs to. In case two groups of users ore created in a cell, a group of users being close to the base station and a group of users being for from the base station, the group of users close to the base station will receive beams from the base station having a low elevation angle α, while the group of users for from the base station will receive beams haying a high elevation angle b. This presents the advantage that beams directed to user  43  close from base station  41  will not or almost not interfere with beams directed to user  44  far from base station  42 . This arrangement enables it to schedule users close to base station  41  using identical resources as for users far from base station  42  without generating too much interference. This helps for having a frequency reuse 1 system working with negligible level of interference. 
         [0036]    It will be understood by those skilled in the art that more than two groups of users may be created around a base station. The main criteria for creating groups would be to define several angle values corresponding to concentric circles around the base station in which different elevation angles are used for reaching the user located between two concentric circles. 
         [0037]      FIG. 5  shows an application of the present invention to multi-site coordinated transmission.  FIG. 5  shows 2 neighboring cells with base stations  51 ,  52  and one mobile terminal  53  close to base station  51 . Base stations  51  and  52  perform joint transmissions towards terminal  53 . This is especially the case in network MIMO or collaborative MIMO algorithms. According to the present invention, the elevation of the beam sent by base station  51  is adapted to the distance between base station  51  and terminal  53  while the elevation of the beam sent by base station  52  is adapted to the distance between terminal  53  and base station  52 . This enables it to serve terminal  53  in an appropriate way especially from base station  52  without too high transmit power and then without creating too much interference. Again the complex antenna weights used for communicating between base station  51  and mobile terminal  53  needs to be adapted to the elevation and azimuth angles terminal  53  is seen from the antenna of base station  51 , similarly the complex antenna weights used for communicating between base station  53  and mobile terminal  53  needs to be adapted to the elevation and azimuth angles terminal  53  is seen from the antenna of base station  52 .