Abstract:
A shatter proof enclosure and mount for a motion capture element that couples to equipment, where the enclosure and optionally the mount is shatter proof or shatter resistant. Exposed areas of the enclosure or mount or both that are subject to impact may be covered with a protective layer that prevents fragments of the enclosure or internal components from exiting the layer, even in the event of an impact. For example, the protective layer may incorporate flexible materials such as silicone rubber. Alternatively, the protective layer may be rigid but effectively unbreakable, using materials such as polycarbonate. The protective layer may also include a mesh that prevents internal components from existing the enclosure.

Description:
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 13/688,213 filed 29 Nov. 2012, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 13/306,869 filed 29 Nov. 2011, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 13/191,309 filed 26 Jul. 2011, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 13/048,850 filed 15 Mar. 2011, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 12/901,806 filed 11 Oct. 2010, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 12/868,882 filed 26 Aug. 2010, the specifications of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     One or more embodiments setting forth the ideas described throughout this disclosure pertain to the field of mounts as utilized in sporting equipment for electronics and visual markers. More particularly, but not by way of limitation, one or more aspects of the disclosure enable a shatter proof enclosure and mount for a motion capture element. 
     Description of the Related Art 
     Known systems for mounting electronics on sporting equipment include mounts in the shafts of fishing poles, and golf clubs for example. Existing mounts have the following limitations:
         Existing mounts for sporting equipment electronics require alteration of an existing piece of sporting equipment before attaching the mount and hence electronics. For example, known mounts require modification of the shaft of the piece of equipment to include threads.   Some mounts extend longitudinally away from the normal ending point of the shaft for a distance that is far enough to interfere with or provide a confusing point at which to grasp the club.   Other mounts combine the electronics on the mount itself in a monolithic package that does not allow for the weight of the club to remain constant with or without electronics installed. For example, in sports with rules against instrumented sporting equipment, the weight of an instrumented piece of sporting equipment differs from the weight of the same non-instrumented piece of sporting equipment that complies with competition rules.   There are no known systems that include electronics within the shaft of a piece of sporting equipment that are also utilized to provide a visual marker for motion capture. Traditionally, mounts have been used for electronics or visual markers, but not both.   Existing enclosures and mounts may break or shatter if they experience an impact shock. Upon impact, fragments of the mount, or of the enclosed electronics, may fly away from the enclosure and/or mount towards a user or spectator, posing a safety hazard.       

     For at least the limitations described above there is a need for a shatter proof enclosure and mount for a motion capture element. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Embodiments of the invention enable a shatter proof enclosure and mount for a motion capture element that enables a durable, secure, and safe coupling of the motion capture element to a piece of sporting, exercise or medical rehabilitation equipment, for example a baseball bat, hockey stick, lacrosse stick, helmet, skateboard, ski, snowboard, surfboard, golf club, tennis racquet, weight training bar, or any other equipment capable of movement. In addition, embodiments enable existing equipment that was not manufactured originally with a mount for electronics to be retrofitted with an enclosure and mount for motion capture element. The apparatus may be located internal or external to the piece of sporting equipment and may show a visual marker for use in visually obtaining motion in combination with electronically detected motion obtained with the motion capture sensor. For example, the outer portion of the enclosure may display a visual marker on the outer portion while the inner portion of the enclosure may be located on or within a shaft or grip in the handle portion of the equipment for example. In one or more embodiments, the grip may extend beyond the shaft and couple or aid in the coupling of the motion capture element with the shaft. One or more embodiments of the grip may include a grip that may roll down from the sides of a motion capture element to enable the motion capture element to be accessed without removing the grip from the shaft. The mount is configured to hold the enclosure to the piece of equipment wherein the enclosure holds the electronics and/or a visual marker. Embodiments of the invention do not require modifying the equipment, for example the baseball bat, tennis racquet, golf club, or other stick based equipment to include threads within the shaft. The apparatus may be flush mounted with the normal end of the equipment or have any desired length of extension from the end of the equipment. The mount also allows for the battery to be easily removed and replaced, for example without any tools. Other embodiments may make use of micro harvesting of energy to recharge batteries internal to the enclosure. 
     One or more embodiments of the mount include a shaft enclosure and expander that may be coupled with an attachment element, for example a screw that is aligned along an axis parallel to the axis of the shaft of the handle-based piece of equipment. The shaft enclosure and expander are situated within the handle portion of a handle-based piece of equipment such as a baseball bat, hockey stick, lacrosse stick, or golf club and engage in inner portion of the shaft or grip for example. In one or more embodiments, the screw is then rotated to move the shaft enclosure and expander together, which thus forces legs of the shaft enclosure in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the shaft. The force of the shaft enclosure against the inner wall of the shaft thus couples the shaft enclosure to the shaft non-permanently, for example based on the coefficient of static friction therebetween. After the shaft enclosure and expander are brought close enough together via the attachment element to securely couple the mount to the shaft or inside portion of a grip that is coupled to the shaft, then either the electronics package or a weight element is coupled with the shaft enclosure. In one or more embodiments, the weight element may weigh the same or approximately the same as the motion capture element so that there is no difference in weight to the piece of equipment with or without the motion capture element. In addition, certain sports may not allow the piece of equipment to be instrumented during match play. Embodiments of the weight element require no modification of the equipment. A cap is coupled with the shaft enclosure in either case, which provides a cover for the weight element or electronics package and which may include a visual marker and/or logo on the cap. Any other method or structure that enables a non-permanent mount of the apparatus that requires no modification of the shaft is in keeping with the spirit of the invention. Other embodiments may make use of a spear collet that enables coupling of a motion capture sensor with this type of mount to a stick or handle-based piece of equipment having a small hole in the end of the rubber grip on the handle. Other embodiments may utilize a shock puck that surrounds the enclosure and absorbs sudden shocks to the motion capture sensor within the enclosure, or otherwise dampens vibrations from the piece of equipment. Other embodiments may couple with helmets to obtain concussion related acceleration data, or obtain motion data related to board based sports such as snowboards, surfboards, skateboards as well as skis. 
     If the electronics package is installed, then generally a positive battery contact, printed circuit board (PCB), an insulator or insulative spacer, with negative electrical contact and battery may be installed between the shaft enclosure and cap. The electronics that may be coupled with the PCB for example may include active motion capture electronics that are battery powered, passive or active shot count components, for example a passive or active radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. Embodiments of the electronics may include motion capture accelerometers and/or gyroscopes and/or an inertial measurement unit along with wireless transmitter/receiver or transceiver components. The RFID tag enables identification of the specific piece of equipment, for example to determine which piece of equipment specific motion capture data is associated with. Identification information for example enables golf shots for each club associated with a golfer to be counted. Golf shots may optionally be counted via an identifier associated with motion capture electronics on the golf club in conjunction with a mobile computer, for example an IPHONE® equipped with an RFID reader that concentrates the processing for golf shot counting on the mobile computer instead of on each golf club. Optionally a wireless antenna may be coupled with the cap or alternatively may be implemented integral to the PCB as desired. In one or more embodiments, the antenna may be implemented as a Bluetooth® antenna embedded in an external portion of the enclosure, for example embedded in epoxy on an outer portion of the enclosure to maximize antenna coverage. One or more embodiments of the invention may also include a Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna. The GPS antenna may be mounted on the printed circuit board or may be located separate from the printed circuit board. One or more embodiments of the invention may also directly or indirectly communicate with any other sensors coupled with the club including motion analysis capture elements, strain gauges or any other type of sensor coupled for example with the golf club head. One or more embodiments of the invention may also utilize a battery coupling that attaches the battery to the shaft enclosure so that when the cap is removed, the battery does not fall out, unless intended. Embodiments may also utilized spring based electrical contacts to prevent loss of electrical conductivity under high acceleration. 
     As previously stated, one or more embodiments may include a weight element that is interchangeable with the electronic package in the mount. The electronics package may be removed for example to comply with any sporting rules that do not allow instrumented sporting equipment. For example, USGA Rule 14-3 on Artificial Devices prohibits any “unusual device”, for example under 14-3(b) “For the purpose of gauging or measuring distance”. Any embodiment of the electronics package including a GPS receiver may thus be removed prior to match play for example and replaced with a weight element to minimize the weight difference. For example, the weight element may for example weigh close to or the same as the electronics to minimize overall instrumented versus non-instrumented weight differences of the golf club. In addition, a manufacture may provide the mount on each club with a small weight for example, that is removed when the golfer decides to upgrade the club to include active instrumented electronics or passive shot count elements that weigh the same amount. The net effect on the club dynamics for swing then is negligible. In one embodiment, the plastic portion of the mount weighs 5.7 grams and the battery weighs 3 grams while the screw weighs 1.9 grams. Thus the mounting components have minimal weight and by selecting a weight element of the same weight of the electronics package, or elements within the shaft enclosure and cap that are replaced by the weight element, the golfer feels no change in club weight when upgrading to an instrumented club. The same weight element may be utilized with respect to embodiments of the invention in all other sports and pieces of equipment used in those sports, as one skilled in the art will appreciate. 
     The visual marker may be mounted on the cap for use with visual motion capture cameras. An equipment number may also be displayed on in a display area of the cap to indicate which type or specific piece of equipment is associated with the motion capture sensor, e.g., a club number is associated with the golf club. Embodiments of the visual marker may be passive or active, meaning that they may either have a visual portion that is visually trackable or may include a light emitting element such as a light emitting diode (LED) that allows for image tracking in low light conditions respectively. This for example may be implemented with a graphical symbol or colored marker at the cap of the mount on the shaft at the end of the handle for example. Motion analysis may be performed externally, for example using a camera and computer system based on the visual marker in any captured images. The visual data may also be utilized in motion analysis in combination with any wireless data from any installed electronics package. 
     Enclosures and mounts containing motion sensors and other electronics may be susceptible to impact events. For example, in sports applications such as baseball, the equipment may be specifically designed to impact an object such as a ball. While the choice of location of the enclosure and/or mount on the equipment may mitigate the impact risk, it cannot necessarily eliminate it. One or more embodiments therefore contain a protective layer, either surrounding the enclosure or integrated into the enclosure, to protect users and spectators in the event of an impact. The protective layer may for example be designed to maintain its integrity during an impact, and to prevent fragments of the enclosure or the enclosed components from exiting the enclosure after an impact. 
     In one or more embodiments the protective layer may comprise an elastomer, such as for example silicone rubber or any other flexible material. In one or more embodiments the protective layer may comprise a mesh that for example flexes during impact or otherwise maintains its integrity. A mesh for example may be designed with a sufficiently fine spacing between filaments to prevent fragments of any substantial size from exiting the mesh. A mesh may be for example integrated into the material of the enclosure, or attached around the enclosure. In one or more embodiments the protective layer may comprise a shatter proof or shatter resistant material, such as for example acrylic or polycarbonate. One or more embodiments may provide multiple layers of protective material, such as for example a mesh surrounding a layer of elastomer. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the ideas conveyed through this disclosure will be more apparent from the following more particular description thereof, presented in conjunction with the following drawings wherein: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an embodiment of the invention alone in perspective view and as mounted in a shaft of a handle-based piece of equipment as shown in cutaway view. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an embodiment of the invention broken into an exploded view of the main components along with the shaft handle and blow up views of the major components in transparent shading. 
         FIG. 3A  illustrates a detailed cutaway view of the main components of an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 3B  illustrates a detailed cutaway view showing the negative battery contact, also shown in full in exploded view in  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 3C  illustrates a detailed cutaway view showing the positive battery contact, also shown in full in exploded view in  FIG. 4 . 
         FIG. 4  illustrates an exploded view “A” of the main mount components along with the positive battery contact and battery, while view “B 1 ” shows a top oriented view of the insulator, negative battery contact, electronics package, here a printed circuit board or PCB and cap, while view “B 2 ” shows a bottom oriented view of the same components shown in view “B 1 ”. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates an exploded view “A” of the main mount components of a second embodiment of the invention along with the positive and negative battery contact and battery, while view “B” shows a bottom oriented view of the insulator, positive and negative battery contact, electronics package, here a printed circuit board or PCB and cap. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates a perspective view of the shaft enclosure and insulator of a second embodiment of the invention along with the positive and negative battery contact and battery. 
         FIG. 4C  illustrates a perspective view of the insulator along with the positive and negative battery contact and battery. 
         FIG. 4D  illustrates a perspective close-up view of the positive battery contact. 
         FIG. 4E  illustrates a top view of an embodiment of the insulator that is configured to house a battery along with specific exemplary dimensions. 
         FIG. 4F  illustrates a first side of the embodiment of the insulator of  FIG. 4E . 
         FIG. 4G  illustrates a second side of the embodiment of the insulator of  FIG. 4E . 
         FIG. 4H  illustrates a cross section view “A” of  FIG. 4F . 
         FIG. 4I  illustrates a bottom view of the embodiment of the insulator of  FIG. 4E . 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a close up perspective view of the PCB and associated positive and negative contacts that are configured to make an electrical connection with the positive battery contact and the negative battery contact respectively. 
         FIG. 5A  illustrates a second embodiment of the positive battery contact located in the shaft enclosure. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a close up perspective view of the cap with PCB and negative battery contact showing along with a coupling element, here four coupling points, and alignment element. 
         FIG. 6A  illustrates a second embodiment of the negative batter contact having faceted surfaces as shown from the bottom side of the insulator. 
         FIG. 6B  illustrates the embodiment of  FIG. 6A  as shown from the top side of the insulator. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a close up perspective view of the cap and alignment element. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a cutaway view of a second embodiment of the electronics package in longitudinal form along with a second embodiment of a coupling element. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates an embodiment of a wireless antenna, for example a BLUETOOTH® antenna, configured to mount within the cap. 
         FIG. 9A  illustrates an embodiment of the cap having two antennas, a wireless antenna, for example a BLUETOOTH® antenna and a GPS antenna. 
         FIG. 10  shows an embodiment of the shaft enclosure having an angled area. The shaft enclosure couples with cap as is shown in the right portion of the figure. 
         FIG. 11  shows an embodiment of the grip, for example having a hole in the top of the grip that allows for the grip to be rolled down the shaft as is shown and enabling access to the cap without removing the grip from the shaft. 
         FIG. 12  shows the grip rolled back over the angled area and onto the side portions of the cap. This enables the end of the cap to be seen through the hole in the end of the grip, and enables the grip to provide extra support for the motion capture element. 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a spear collet cutaway view of an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a rear perspective view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 13 . 
         FIG. 15  illustrates a handle-based embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 16  illustrates a structural view of another handle-based embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 17  illustrates another handle-based embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 18  illustrates the handle-based embodiment of the invention of  FIG. 17  showing the location of the antenna on the outer portion of the enclosure. 
         FIG. 19  illustrates the embodiment of  FIG. 17  with the antenna shown in  FIG. 18  covered with non-conductive material. 
         FIG. 20  illustrates a cutaway view of an embodiment of the invention coupled with a piece of equipment having a handle. 
         FIG. 21  illustrates an embodiment of the invention configured to couple with a helmet. 
         FIG. 22  illustrates the embodiment shown in  FIG. 21  coupled with the helmet. 
         FIG. 23  illustrates a close-up of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 22 . 
         FIG. 24  illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention coupled with a skateboard truck. 
         FIG. 25  illustrates an embodiment coupled with planar equipment. 
         FIG. 26  illustrates an embodiment of the invention configured to couple with a baseball bat. 
         FIG. 27  illustrates prior art that is subject to shattering when the mount experiences an impact. 
         FIG. 28  illustrates an embodiment of a shatter proof mount, shown coupled to a baseball bat, that uses an enclosure comprising a shatter proof or shatter resistant material surrounding the sensor. 
         FIG. 29  illustrates how an embodiment shown in  FIG. 28  handles an impact: the enclosure may for example flex instead of breaking, and it prevents components from exiting the enclosure. 
         FIG. 30  illustrates an embodiment of a shatter proof mount with a mesh embedded into or surrounding the enclosure. 
         FIG. 31  illustrates an embodiment with a mesh embedded into a cap that has a visual marker. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     A shatter proof enclosure and mount for motion a capture element will now be described. In the following exemplary description numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the ideas described throughout this specification. It will be apparent, however, to an artisan of ordinary skill that embodiments of ideas described herein may be practiced without incorporating all aspects of the specific details described herein. In other instances, specific aspects well known to those of ordinary skill in the art have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the disclosure. Readers should note that although examples of the innovative concepts are set forth throughout this disclosure, the claims, and the full scope of any equivalents, are what define the invention. One skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the invention may be utilized in any equipment capable of coupling with the apparatus. This includes any piece of sporting, exercise or medical rehabilitation equipment, for example a baseball bat, hockey stick, lacrosse stick, helmet, skateboard, ski, snowboard, surfboard, golf club, tennis racquet, weight training bar, or any other equipment capable of movement. The apparatus may be located internal or external to the piece of sporting equipment and may show a visual marker for use in visually obtaining motion in combination with electronically detected motion obtained with the motion capture sensor. For example, the outer portion of the enclosure may display a visual marker on the outer portion while the inner portion of the enclosure may be located on or within a shaft or grip in the handle portion of the equipment for example. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates an embodiment of the invention  100  alone in perspective view and as mounted in a shaft of a piece of movement equipment, for example a baseball bat, hockey stick, lacrosse stick, golf club, tennis racquet or any piece of equipment having a handle near shaft  110  as shown in cutaway view. Embodiments enable a mount for a new piece of equipment or that can be retrofitted in an existing piece of equipment. The mount may be located in the handle portion of the shaft, or for example within a grip that is to be attached to the shaft, and is configured to hold electronics and/or a visual marker. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates an embodiment of the invention broken into an exploded view of the main components along with the shaft handle and blow up views of the major components in transparent shading. One or more embodiments of the mount include enclosure or shaft enclosure  220  and expander  210  that may be coupled with an attachment mechanism, for example a screw aligned along an axis parallel to the axis of the shaft. The shaft enclosure and expander are situated within the handle, i.e., shaft  110 . In one or more embodiments, the screw is then rotated to move the shaft enclosure towards the expander, which thus forces legs of the shaft enclosure in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the shaft. The force of the shaft enclosure against the inner wall of the shaft thus couples the shaft enclosure to the shaft based on the coefficient of static friction therebetween. Any other mechanism of coupling the shaft enclosure to a shaft in a non-permanent manner is in keeping with the spirit of the invention. After the shaft enclosure and expander are brought close enough together via the screw to securely couple the mount to the shaft, then either the electronics package or a weight element that may for example weigh the same as the electronics, is coupled with the shaft enclosure. Cap  230  is coupled with the shaft enclosure in either case, which provides a cover for the weight element or electronics package and which may include a visual marker and/or logo on the cap. One or more embodiments of the electronics package are removable to comply with any sporting rules that do not allow instrumented sporting equipment for example. Any other method or structure that enables a non-permanent mount of the apparatus that requires no modification of the shaft is in keeping with the spirit of the invention. 
     Optionally, an identification element or ID sticker, for example an RFID tag may be mounted within the enclosure, cap, or any other portion of the apparatus, for equipment identification, or shot count functionality. The identification element may also be implemented integral to, or coupled with the PCB in any manner as desired. 
     If the electronics package is installed, then generally a positive battery contact, printed circuit board or PCB, an insulator or insulative spacer, with negative electrical contact and battery may be installed between the shaft enclosure and cap. Optionally, a wireless antenna and/or GPS antenna may be coupled with the cap or alternatively may be implemented integral to the PCB as desired. Also see  FIGS. 3A-C ,  4 ,  4 A-D and  9  for more detailed views. 
       FIG. 3A  illustrates a detailed cutaway view of the main components of an embodiment of the invention, specifically expander  210 , shaft enclosure  220  and cap  230 .  FIG. 3B  illustrates a detailed cutaway view showing negative battery contact  450 , also shown in full in exploded view in  FIG. 4 .  FIG. 3C  illustrates a detailed cutaway view showing positive battery contact  420 , also shown in full in exploded view in  FIG. 4 . Optional O-ring indentation  310  on shaft enclosure  220  provides a potential well for O-ring  320  to be located. Different size O-rings may be utilized to provide a secure fit on the end of shaft enclosure  220  on the end near cap  230 . 
       FIG. 4  illustrates an exploded view “A” of the main mount components, namely expander  210 , shaft enclosure  220  along with screw  410 , positive battery contact  420  and battery  430 , while view “B 1 ” shows a top oriented view of the insulator  440 , negative battery contact  450 , electronics package  460 , here a printed circuit board or PCB and cap  230 , while view “B 2 ” shows a bottom oriented view of the same components shown in view “B 1 ”. The left portion of shaft enclosure  220  shows extensions or “legs” that allow for the shaft enclosure to radially expand when expander  210  is pulled along the axis shown by screw  410 , when screw  410  is rotated. To keep expander  210  from simply rotating when screw  410  is rotated, expander  210  may include a protrusion (shown on the left side of the expander) that aligns in a slot formed by two of the shaft enclosure&#39;s legs. In this manner, expander  210  is pulled along the axis of the screw without rotating along that axis. Electronics package  460  for example may include active motion capture electronics that are battery powered, passive or active shot count components, for example a passive or active RFID tag, which for example may be coupled with electronics package  460  or for example coupled with insulator  440 . In addition, a GPS antenna may also be coupled with electronics package  460  or cap  230  (see  FIG. 9A ). Embodiments of the electronics may include motion capture accelerometers and/or gyroscopes and/or an inertial measurement unit along with wireless transmitter/receiver or transceiver components. The RFID tag enables golf shots for each club associated with a golfer to be counted. The RFID tag may be coupled with any component shown as RFID tags are tiny, for example cap  230  or shaft enclosure  220  or electronics package  460 , or any other element. Golf shots may optionally be counted via an identifier associated with motion capture electronics on the golf club in conjunction with a mobile computer, for example an IPHONE® equipped with an RFID reader that concentrates the processing for golf shot counting on the mobile computer instead of on each golf club. 
     The visual marker may be mounted on cap  230 , shown as a circle with dots in view B 1  may be utilized with visual motion capture cameras. An equipment number, for example a golf club number may also be displayed on in a display area of the cap to indicate which club number is associated with the golf club, which is shown as a small circle with a number in it in view B 1 . Embodiments of the visual marker may be passive or active, meaning that they may either have a visual portion that is visually trackable or may include a light emitting element such as a light emitting diode (LED) that allows for image tracking in low light conditions respectively. This for example may be implemented with a graphical symbol or colored marker at the cap of the mount on the shaft at the end of the handle for example. Motion analysis may be performed externally, for example using a camera and computer system based on the visual marker in any captured images. The visual data may also be utilized in motion analysis in combination with any wireless data from electronics package  460 . 
       FIG. 4A  illustrates an exploded view “A” of the main mount components of a second embodiment of the invention, namely expander  210   a , with ribs slightly offset with respect to expander  210  of  FIG. 4 . In addition,  FIG. 4A  also shows a second embodiment of shaft enclosure  220   a  having coupling elements that enable second embodiment of insulator  440   a  to securely couple to shaft enclosure  220   a  without falling out if the mount is turned upside down for example. In this embodiment, insulator  440   a  holds battery  430  inside while providing access to the battery so that positive battery contact  420   a  and negative battery contact  450   a  can make electrical contact with battery  430 . View “B” shows a bottom-oriented view of the insulator, positive and negative battery contact, electronics package, here a printed circuit board or PCB and cap. Weight element  490  can be any shape so long as weight element  490  fits within, or couples in any direct or indirect manner with shaft enclosure  220  or  220   a  and cap  230  for example. Weight element  490  can be made to weigh as near as desired to the weight of the components that it replaces, for example to comply with any sporting rules that do not allow instrumented sporting equipment, e.g., during competition. Weight element  490  can also be utilized with the embodiment shown in  FIG. 4  as one skilled in the art will appreciate. 
       FIG. 4B  illustrates a perspective view of shaft enclosure  220   a  and insulator  440   a  of the second embodiment of the invention of  FIG. 4A  along with the positive and negative battery contact  420   a  and  450   a  respectively (situated above holes in insulator  440   a ) along with battery  430  that is internally held within insulator  440   a . Insulator  440   a  includes for example snap components, e.g., coupling elements  441  that couple with coupling elements  221  of shaft enclosure  220   a  so that insulator  440   a  and hence battery  430  do not fall out when the cap is removed. To remove insulator  440   a  and hence battery  430 , tab  442  may be engaged with for example a finger, screw driver or other implement to disengage coupling elements  441  from coupling elements  221 . Alignment component  443  enables rotational alignment of the insulator with the shaft enclosure. 
       FIG. 4C  illustrates a perspective view of the insulator along with the positive and negative battery contact  420   a  and  450   a  respectively, and battery  430 . Coupling elements  441  are shown on the top and bottom in the written page, however any type of coupling element may be utilized in keeping with the spirit of the invention as desired. 
       FIG. 4D  illustrates a perspective close-up view of positive battery contact  420   a . In one or more embodiments of the invention, the positive and negative battery contacts may utilize the same structure. Any type of positive and negative battery contacts may be utilized so long as they maintain electric connection between the battery and electronics package. 
       FIG. 4E  illustrates a top view of an embodiment of insulator  440   a  that is configured to house a battery along with specific exemplary dimensions. To remove insulator  440   a  and hence the battery within insulator  440   a , tab  442  may be engaged with for example a finger, screw driver or other implement to disengage coupling elements  441  from the coupling elements shown for example in  FIG. 4B . In this figure, the numbers represent millimeters, and angle tolerances are within 2 degrees. As shown, this embodiment of insulator  440   a  is configured to house a 6.4 mm battery. Although not required for distribution in some countries, one or more embodiments of insulator  440   a  may be constructed to be compliant with EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS) and EU Directive 2002/96/EC (WEEE). Embodiments may alternatively be constructed to be compliant with any other electrical or manufacturing standards as desired. 
       FIG. 4F  illustrates a first side of the embodiment of the insulator of  FIG. 4E . See also  FIG. 4H  for the cross section view.  FIG. 4G  illustrates a second side of the embodiment of the insulator of  FIG. 4E .  FIG. 4H  illustrates a cross section view “A” of  FIG. 4F .  FIG. 4I  illustrates a bottom view of the embodiment of the insulator of  FIG. 4E . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a close up perspective view of the electronics package  460  or PCB and associated positive contact  510  and negative contact  520  that are configured to make an electrical connection with the positive battery contact  420  and the negative battery contact  450  respectively. See also  FIG. 4  for an exploded view of the relative positioning of the components shown in this figure. 
       FIG. 5A  illustrates a second embodiment of positive battery contact  420   b  located in the shaft enclosure. This embodiment is symmetrical in that there are two opposing sets of upward projections from the base plane that contacts shaft enclosure  220 . One of the opposing sets of upward projections of positive battery contact  420   b  are slightly wider and are positioned within areas on shaft enclosure  220  to allow for radially aligning positive battery contact  420   b  with respect to shaft enclosure  220 . 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a close up perspective view of cap  230  with electronics package  460  or PCB and negative battery contact  450  coupled with insulator  440  showing along with a coupling element, here four coupling points  610  (with only the top two shown with reference number  610  with the inside portions visible, while the opposing two have only the initial slot openings in the cap visible), and alignment element  620 . 
       FIG. 6A  illustrates a second embodiment of the negative battery contact  450   b  having faceted surfaces as shown from the bottom side of insulator  440 .  FIG. 6B  illustrates the embodiment of  FIG. 6A  as shown from the top side of the insulator. The right portion of negative battery contact  450   b  as shown may be folded over to engage insulator  440  while the opposing end of negative battery contact  450   b  may freely travel in a slot provided in insulator  440 . The slot allows for the negative battery contact  450   b  to flatten, and hence travel in the slot, based on the force generated by placing the battery against negative battery contact  450   b.    
       FIG. 7  illustrates a close up perspective view of the cap and alignment element. Alignment element  620  allows for the angular alignment of insulator  440 , and electronics package  460  that have indents on their sides to engage the alignment element  620 . (See  FIG. 4 ). By aligning insulator  440  and electronics package  460  with cap  230 , positive battery contact  420  and negative electrical contact  450  are also aligned rotationally since they couple to respective components non-rotationally, for example. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a cutaway view of a second embodiment of electronics package  460   a  in longitudinal form along with a second embodiment of a coupling element. Any other orientation of electronics is in keeping with the spirit of the invention so long as the mount is configured to hold the desired electronics package. Embodiments of the invention do not require modifying the piece of equipment, for example to include threads within the shaft. Embodiments of the invention also can be flush mounted with the normal end of a shaft or have any desired low profile extension from a non-instrumented club. Embodiments of the invention generally utilize a mount that is separate from the electronics so that the electronics package can be easily removed and replaced, or so that the battery can be easily removed and replaced, for example without any tools. As shown in this embodiment, a different coupling mechanism is used versus coupling points  610 , namely threads  810  that engage shaft enclosure  220 , which in this embodiment has corresponding threads. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates an embodiment of wireless antenna  910 , configured to mount within cap  230  as shown in the right portion of the figure. Alternatively, the wireless antenna may be coupled with the electronics package  460  or may include any conductive element in any shape that can radiate electromagnetic energy. 
       FIG. 9A  illustrates an embodiment of the cap having two antennas, a wireless antenna, for example a BLUETOOTH® antenna and a GPS antenna  920 . The GPS antenna is optional and may be mounted in cap  230  as wireless antenna  910  is, or may be implemented in a different form factor or coupled with the PCB in any direct or indirect manner as one skilled in the art will appreciate. See also  FIG. 18  for another embodiment of the antenna configuration. 
       FIG. 10  shows an embodiment of shaft enclosure  220   b  with angled area  1001 . Shaft enclosure  220   b  couples with cap  230  as is shown in the right portion of the figure. Any other embodiment of the shaft enclosure detailed herein may be utilized on a shaft having a grip that either includes a hole or that does not include a hole and that wraps partially or fully around the motion capture element. 
       FIG. 11  shows grip  1101 , having a hole in the top of the grip that allows for the grip to be rolled down the shaft as is shown at area  1101   a . This enables cap  230  to be exposed, removed or otherwise accessed without removing the grip from the piece of equipment for example. 
       FIG. 12  shows grip at area  1101   b  rolled back over angled area  1001  and onto the side portions of cap  230 . This enables the end of the cap  230  to be seen through the hole in the end of the grip, and enables the grip to provide extra support for the motion capture element. 
       FIG. 13  illustrates a spear collet cutaway view of an embodiment of the invention. Spear  1301  couples enclosure  220  with the hole  1302  in the handle-based piece of equipment. The spear has a narrower portion shown at the hole, but this is not required so long as the spear is capable of holding enclosure  220  to the handle. 
       FIG. 14  illustrates a rear perspective view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 13 . As shown, visual marker  1401  for motion capture detection via visual methods is shown on cap  230  of enclosure  220 . 
       FIG. 15  illustrates a handle-based embodiment of the invention. As shown, visual marker  1401  is visible and in one or more embodiment may contain high contrast or active elements to enable easier visual detection of the orientation and/or motion of the motion capture sensor for example with a camera. The embodiment shown may be coupled with a baseball bat or other handle based piece of equipment for example. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates a structural view of another handle-based embodiment of the invention. As shown, cap  230 , which covers the enclosure, is isolated from the piece of equipment via shock puck  1601 . Shock puck  1601  may include any material that dampens or otherwise limits G-forces from the piece of equipment to assert force on the motion capture sensor. 
       FIG. 17  illustrates another handle-based embodiment of the invention. As shown, uncovered portion  1701  may be utilized to house an antenna external to the inside portion of the enclosure. In one or more embodiments, areas  1702  may be made from any material that enables radio frequency waves to emanate from the internal volume of the enclosure. Alternatively, or in combination, the uncovered portion may provide an area for a small antenna that is then covered for protection as is shown in the next figure. 
       FIG. 18  illustrates the handle-based embodiment of the invention of  FIG. 17  showing the location of the antenna on the outer portion of the enclosure. As shown, antenna  1801  may be placed in the uncovered portion  1701  as shown in  FIG. 17 , which is shown in this figure partially filled with epoxy. Two holes may be drilled through the cap to provide feed lines for antenna  1801  and also for ground point  1802 . The antenna and ground point may be covered as is shown in the next figure. Embodiments of the enclosure that are metallic and for example behave as an electromagnetic shield may utilize this type of antenna and provide for an extremely durable enclosure and exceptional antenna coverage for example. 
       FIG. 19  illustrates the embodiment of  FIG. 17  with the antenna shown in  FIG. 18  covered with non-conductive material. As shown, the uncovered portion shown in  FIG. 17  is covered at  1901  for example, and flush with the other portions of the cap to provide a finished cap for the enclosure that provides maximal antenna covered, while still providing a visual marker for bot electronic and visual motion capture sensing capabilities. 
       FIG. 20  illustrates a cutaway view of an embodiment of the invention coupled with a piece of equipment having a handle. As shown, shock puck  1601  surrounds enclosure  220  to provide high G-force shock protection to the internal components of the motion capture sensor. One or more embodiments of the invention may be covered with an outer protective area  2001 , which may be transparent in one or more embodiments. 
       FIG. 21  illustrates an embodiment of the invention configured to couple with a helmet. As shown, enclosure  220  couples with mount  2101  that includes a half circle opening for example that may be fit around a helmet facemask tube or grill. Screw  2102  may be tightened to close the gap between the mount and the screw backing to couple enclosure  220  to a helmet. 
       FIG. 22  illustrates the embodiment shown in  FIG. 21  coupled with the helmet. As shown, enclosure  220  is coupled with helmet via facemask tube or grill  2201  as per the elements shown in  FIG. 21 . Any other method of coupling the enclosure with a helmet is in keeping with the spirit of the invention. 
       FIG. 23  illustrates a close-up of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 22 . Visual marker  1401  is shown on the outside portion of the helmet for use in capturing motion with an external camera for example. 
       FIG. 24  illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention coupled with a skateboard truck. As shown, enclosure  220  couples with or otherwise includes mount  2401  that is configured to couple with the existing screws of a skateboard truck mount  2402 . Thus no extra holes are required for mounting an embodiment of the invention to a skateboard. The same configuration may be reshaped to fit holes associated with a snowboard binding or other planar oriented piece of equipment including skis as is shown in the next figure. 
       FIG. 25  illustrates an embodiment coupled with planar equipment. As shown, enclosure  220  may be mounted along with the snowboard binding  2501  of a snowboard. In one or more embodiments, the enclosure may be coupled with the snowboard mount itself, or utilize a flat version of mount  2401  to couple with an existing screw used to mount the binding. As shown in the lower portion of the figure, enclosure  220  may mount on or near the top of the surfboard or on the underside of the surfboard near the skeg  2502  since surfboards may be made from materials that enable the transmission of electromagnetic waves. In one or more embodiments enclosure  220  may be housed in streamlined mount  2503  and adhesively mounted to any planar equipment, for example the snowboard, surfboard or skis. Streamlined mounts provide low wind or water drag and minimize interference with external objects for example. 
       FIG. 26  illustrates an embodiment coupled with a baseball bat. Sensor mount and enclosure  2605  is installed on baseball bat  2601 . The sensor and mount  2605  has an external portion or enclosure  2610  that protrudes from the knob of the bat, and an internal portion or mount  2611  that is coupled with the bat, for example inside the bat. The external portion or enclosure  2610  of the mount encloses electronics  2620 , which may for example include circuit boards, a battery, integrated circuits, and an antenna. 
       FIG. 27  illustrates a risk with the prior art when an enclosure experiences an impact event. In  FIG. 27 , enclosure  2710  is attached to bat  2601 , as illustrated in  FIG. 26 . However, the mount  2710  is not designed to be shatter proof. Baseball  2701   a  approaches the bat and impacts the enclosure  2710  at location  2701   b . The impact force shatters the enclosure  2710 , and potentially the mount internal to the bat, and fragments such as  2702   a ,  2702   b , and  2702   c  generally move away from the impact area rapidly. These fragments may pose a safety risk; for example, fragment  2702   c  may hit the eye of the batter. 
       FIG. 28  illustrates an embodiment with a shatter proof enclosure and mount. As in  FIG. 26 , the mount is shown attached to baseball bat  2601 . This example is for illustration; one or more embodiments may be attached to any type of equipment. The exposed enclosure  2610  is covered with a protective layer  2801 . This layer may for example include materials that are designed to flex rather than break, or materials that are sufficiently strong that they will not shatter under impact. Materials in protective layer  2801  may include for example, without limitation, rubber, silicone rubber, plastics, thermoplastics, polycarbonates, acrylics, reinforced glass, metals, and carbon fiber reinforced polymers. One or more embodiments may use multiple protective layers. One or more embodiments may use protective layers of any size, thickness, and shape. 
       FIG. 29  illustrates an impact event with the mount of  FIG. 28 . Baseball  2701   b  impacts the enclosure, and protective layer  2801  deforms at location  2901   a ; however, the protective layer does not break. After impact, the impacted location  2901   b  maintains integrity and prevents internal components such as  2902  from exiting the enclosure. Although the internal components may be damaged, the protective layer  2801  prevents components or fragments from exiting the enclosure, mitigating the potential safety risk. 
     One or more embodiments may use a mesh structure or composite structure instead of or in addition to materials that flex or resist shattering. The mesh may be for example embedded into the protective layer or the enclosure.  FIG. 30  illustrates an example with mesh  3001  integrated into protective layer  2801 . The mesh may for example prevent components from exiting the enclosure even if the layer  2801  experiences tears or breaking. 
       FIG. 31  illustrates a mesh installed on the outside of an enclosure. Mount  230  has a mesh  3101  added to the external surface, which prevents fragments of the enclosure or internal components from exiting the mesh. The mount  230  has a visual marker  3102  which remains visible through the mesh. 
     Embodiments of the invention may be mounted on any type of equipment to prevent shattering for example. Thus any mount described herein for any type of equipment may couple with an enclosure that utilizes or includes materials or layers as described in  FIGS. 28-31 . 
     While the ideas herein disclosed has been described by means of specific embodiments and applications thereof, numerous modifications and variations could be made thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention set forth in the claims.