Abstract:
A process for efficiently producing (S,S)-2-alkoxycyclohexanols in a single step by using (±)-trans-2-alkoxycyclohexanols which are inexpensive and can be easily obtained. The process comprises treating a (±)-trans-2-alkoxycyclohexanol with a hydrolase originating in a microorganism and being capable of esterifying stereospecifically the R-isomer in the presence of an acyl donor under such conditions that no hydrolysis occurs substantially to thereby give (S,S)-2-alkoxycyclohexanols and (R,R)-2-alkoxycyclohexanol carboxylate and then taking up the (S,S)-2-alkoxycyclohexanols.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a process for producing an optically active 2-alkoxycyclohexanol derivative, and more particularly, to a process for producing an (S,S)-2-alkoxycyclohexanol. 
     2. Prior Art 
     It is known that optically active 2-alkoxycyclohexanol derivatives such as (S,S)-2-alkoxycyclohexanol are important synthetic intermediates in the productions of medicines and agricultural chemicals. 
     As a process for producing an optically active 2-alkoxycyclohexanol derivative, for example, the following methods have been investigated: 1 the process in which a carboxylic ester of a (±)-trans-2-methoxycyclohexanol is hydrolyzed selectively in R-configuration in the presence of hydrolase to give a carboxylic ester of an (S,S)-2-alkoxycyclohexanol and an (R,R)-2-methoxycyclohexanol (Tetrahedron, 50 (35), 10521-30 (1994), Synthesis, 12, 1137-40 (1990), and J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 3, 148-50 (1989)), 2 the process in which a carboxylic ester of a (±)-trans-2-methoxycyclohexanol is hydrolyzed selectively in S-configuration in the presence of hydrolase to give an (S,S)-2-methoxycyclohexanol and a carboxylic ester of an (R,R)-2-alkoxyhexanol (WO94/20634), and 3 the process for obtaining an (R,R)-2-methoxycyclohexanol by asymmetric hydroboration of 1-methoxycyclohexene (J. Org. Chem., 53 (9), 1903-7 (1988)). 
     Though the process 1 is highly stereoselective, the configuration of an optically active 2-alkoxycyclohexanol obtained is (R,R)-configuration and a further hydrolysis of the carboxylic ester of (S,S)-2-alkoxycyclohexanol produced must be carried out in order to obtain (S,S)-2-alkoxycyclohexanol. 
     Though (S,S)-2-alkoxycyclohexanol can be obtained through the process 2, this method is not sufficiently stereoselective and there are some problems in productive efficiency and economical efficiency. 
     A stereoselectivity of process 3 is low, and further, there are such problems as reagents used in this process are expensive and etc. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Taking an account of the above-mentioned circumstances, the object of the present invention is to provide a process for efficiently producing an (S,S)-2-alkoxycyclohexanol in a single step from a (±)-trans-2-alkoxycyclohexanol which is inexpensive and easily available. 
     The gist of this invention is a process for producing an (S,S)-2-alkoxycyclohexanol which comprises treating a (±)-trans-2-alkoxycyclohexanol which is expressed by the general formula (1); ##STR1## (wherein R 1  represents a lower alkyl, an alkenyl, a cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group) with a hydrolase originating in a microorganism which is capable of esterifying the R-isomer stereospecifically in the presence of an acyl donor under a condition that no hydrolysis occurs substantially to thereby give an (S,S)-2-alkoxycyclohexanol which is expressed by the general formula (2); ##STR2## (wherein R 1  is the same as previously defined), and a carboxylic ester of an (R,R)-2-alkoxycyclohexanol which is expressed by the general formula (3) ##STR3## (wherein R 1  is the same as previously defined and R 2  represents a hydrogen, straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 17 carbon atoms, or straight-chain or branched alkenyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms), and then taking up said (S,S)-2-alkoxycyclohexanol. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Hereinafter, the present invention is explained in more details. 
     A (±)-trans-2-alkoxycyclohexanol which is used in this invention is a compound given in the above general formula (1). R 1  in the above formula is not specially limited to but includes a lower alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, sec-butyl and the like; an alkenyl group such as vinyl, allyl, isobutenyl and the like; a cycloalkyl group such as cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl and the like; a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group such as p-nitrophenyl, a phenyl and the like; and a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group such as p-nitrobenzyl, benzyl and the like. Among these, a methyl group is preferable. 
     The above (±)-trans-2-alkoxycyclohexanol can be synthesized easily from cyclohexene oxide which can be obtained commercially, and a corresponding alcohol, for example, by the method which proposed in J. Am. Chem. Soc., 65, 2196 (1943). 
     Preferable examples of an acyl donor which is used in the present invention can be either compounds expressed by a general formula (4); 
     
         (R.sup.2 CO).sub.2 O                                       (4) 
    
     (wherein R 2  represents a hydrogen atom, straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 17 carbon atoms, or straight-chain or branched alkenyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms), compounds expressed by a general formula (5); 
     
         R.sup.3 OOCR.sup.2                                         (5) 
    
     (wherein R 2  is the same as previously defined, R 3  is a straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 17 carbon atoms, straight-chain or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 17 carbon atoms, 2,2,2-trihalogenoethyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl), or compounds expressed by a general formula (6); ##STR4## (wherein R 2  is the same as previously defined). 
     R 2  mentioned above is not particularly limited to but includes a hydrogen; an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, sec-butyl, pentyl, heptyl and the like; and an alkenyl group such as vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, isobutenyl and the like. Among these, a propyl group is preferable. 
     R 3  mentioned above is not particularly limited to but includes an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, sec-butyl and the like; an alkenyl group such as vinyl, isopropenyl and the like; a trihalogenoethyl group such as 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 2,2,2-tribromoethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and the like; and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group such as p-nitrophenyl, phenyl and the like. Among these, a vinyl group is preferable. 
     The above acyl donor preferably includes butyric anhydride, vinyl butyrate, tributyrin and so on. 
     The hydrolase originating in a microorganism which is capable of esterifying the R-isomer stereospecifically, which is used in the present invention, is not particularly limited to but includes lipase, esterase, acylase, and so on. 
     Preferable are a lipase derived from microorganisms which belong to Alkaligenes, a lipase derived from microorganisms which belong to Candida, a lipase derived from microorganisms which belong to Pseudomonas, a lipase derived from microorganisms which belong to Mucor, and the like. 
     The above lipase derived from microorganisms which belong to Alkaligenes includes &#34;Lipase PL&#34; (a registered trademark of product of MEITO SANGYO Co.) and so on. The above lipase derived from microorganisms which belong to Candida includes &#34;Novozym 435&#34; (a registered trademark of product of Novo-Nordisk A/S), &#34;Lipase OF&#34; (a registered trademark of product of MEITO SANGYO Co.), &#34;Lipase MY&#34; (a registered trademark of product of MEITO SANGYO Co.) and so on. The above lipase derived from microorganisms which belong to Pseudomonas includes &#34;Lipase PS AMANO&#34; (a registered trademark of product of AMANO PHARMACEUTICAL Co.) and so on. The above lipase derived from microorganisms which belong to Mucor includes &#34;Lipozyme IM&#34; (a registered trademark of product of Novo-Nordisk A/S). 
     The above hydrolase originating in microorganisms which is capable of esterifying the R-isomer stereospecifically can also be used in the form of microorganisms cells containing said hydrolase. The example of the above microorganism cells includes a yeast which belongs to Alkaligenes, Candida, Pseudomonas, Mucor and etc. and cells such as filamentous fungi, bacteria and so on. 
     In the present invention, the above microorganism cells can be used in any treatment cells forms such as freeze-dried cells, cells treated by acetone, toluene and so on, cell homogenate, an extract from cells and so on. 
     The above microorganism cells and treatment cells can be used as they are, or after immobilized. 
     The producing process for an optically active 2-alkoxycyclohexanol derivative in the present invention can be carried out, for example, as follows. 
     A (±)-trans-2-alkoxycyclohexanol as a stating material is dissolved in a solvent in the concentration of 0.1 to 70 w/v %, preferably 1 to 50 w/v %, and there are added 0.5 to 10 times equivalent, preferably 0.5 to 2 times equivalent of above-mentioned acyl donor to the (±)-trans-2-alkoxycyclohexanol and 0.001 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 1 parts by weight of the above-mentioned hydrolase which is capable of esterifying the R-isomer stereospecifically to the (±)-trans-2-alkoxycyclohexanol, and the solution was mixed under stirring to carry out asymmetric esterification. 
     After completion of the asymmetric esterification, the hydrolase described above is recovered by filtration or centrifugation as insoluble material. Purified (S,S)-2-alkoxycyclohexanol and purified carboxylic ester of (R,R)-2-alkoxycyclohexanol are obtained by concentration and distillation of the filtrate. 
     In the present invention, the asymmetric esterification described above is carried out under the condition where no hydrolysis reaction occurs substantially. For example, because hydrolysis which is reverse reaction of an above esterification proceeds in the case of the presence of water in the system, it is preferable that above-described asymmetric esterification is performed in the solvent that contains no water or a very little amount of water. 
     The solvent used in the present invention is not particularly limited to but includes solvents which do not inactivate the hydrolase, for example, a hydrocarbon type solvents such as toluene, hexane and so on; ether type solvents such as diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether and so on; ketone type solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; and ester type solvents such as ethyl butyrate. 
     In the present invention, the above asymmetric esterification can be carried out without the above solvent except the above substrate and the reaction reagent. 
     The reaction temperature in the process of the above asymmetric esterification is preferably 0° C. to 80° C., and more preferably 10° C. to 50° C. 
     The reaction time in the process of the above asymmetric esterification is preferably 1 to 240 hours, and more preferably 1 to 72 hours. 
     BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 
     The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following example, which are not intended to restrict the scope of the invention. 
     EXAMPLES 1 to 6 
     The mixture of 260 mg of (±)-trans-2-methoxycyclohexanol, 1.27 ml of vinyl butyrate and 130 mg of various kinds of lipase was poured in 15 ml-screw tubes and a reaction was carried out for 24 hours at room temperature during agitating. The resulted reaction mixture was filtered. The conversion rate was determined by GC analysis of the filtrate. From the residual trans-2-methoxycyclohexanol, a derivative thereof was given (DNB derivative), and the optical purity was measured by HPLC analysis. Every configuration of the trans-2-methoxycyclohexanol was (S,S)-configuration. The conversion rate and the optical purity are shown in table 1. 
     EXAMPLES 7 to 30 
     After 130 mg of (±)-trans-2-methoxycyclohexanol and 127 μl of vinyl butyrate were poured in 15 ml-screw tubes, dissolved in 1 ml of various kind of solvent, and there was added 65 mg of various kind of lipase. The mixture was reacted at 30° C. for 24 hours during stirring. The solution was filtered and the conversion rate was determined by GC analysis of the filtrate. From the residual trans-2-methoxycyclohexanol, a derivative thereof was given (DNB derivative), and the optical purity was measured by HPLC analysis. Every configuration of the trans-2-methoxycyclohexanol was (S,S)-configuration. The conversion rate and the optical purity are shown in table 2. 
     EXAMPLES 31 to 54 
     After 130 mg of (±)-trans-2-methoxycyclohexanol and 127 μl of various kind of acyl donor were poured in 15 ml-screw tubes, dissolved in 1 ml of toluene, and there was added 65 mg of various kind of lipase. The mixture was reacted at 30° C. for 24 to 96 hours during stirring. The solution was filtered and the conversion rate was determined by GC analysis of the filtrate. From the residual trans-2-methoxycyclohexanol, a derivative thereof was given (DNB derivative), and the optical purity was measured by HPLC. 
     Every configuration of the trans-2-methoxycyclohexanol was (S,S)-configuration. The conversion rate and the optical purity are shown in table 3. 
     
                                           TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________                                  Conversion                                        OpticalExampleEnzyme for use                    rate (%)                                        purity (% ee)__________________________________________________________________________1    Lipase PL (Alkaligenes origin, MEITO SANGYO Co.)                                  54.9  21.42    Novozym 435 (Candida origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  51.5  1003    Lipase OF (Candida origin, MEITO SANGYO Co.)                                  48.7  794    Lipase MY (Candida origin, MEITO SANGYO Co.)                                  22.1  21.45    Lipase PS AMANO (Pseudomonas origin, AMANO PHARMACEUTICALS                                  47.7  94.86    Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  51.2  100__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________                                             Conversion                                                   OpticalExampleEnzyme for use                    Reaction solvent                                             rate (%)                                                   purity (%__________________________________________________________________________                                                   ee) 7   Novozym 435 (Candida origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  Hexane     57.8  96.6 8   Novozym 435 (Candida origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  Toluene    52.6  98.7 9   Novozym 435 (Candida origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  Diisopropyl ether                                             54.6  95.710   Novozym 435 (Candida origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  Tetrahydrofuran                                             51.4  97.811   Novozym 435 (Candida origin, Novo-Nordisk A/s)                                  Methyl tert-butyl                                             53.8r 93.312   Novozym 435 (Candida origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  Acetone    41.8  77.713   Novozym 435 (Candida origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  Methyl ethyl ketone                                             53.3  98.714   Novozym 435 (Candida origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  Ethyl butyrate                                             53.5  98.915   Lipase PS AMANO (Pseudomonas origin, AMANO PHARMACEUTICALS                                  Hexane     50.3  95.916   Lipase PS AMANO (Pseudomonas origin, AMANO PHARMACEUTICALS                                  Toluene    51.8  10017   Lipase PS AMANO (Pseudomonas origin, AMANO PHARMACEUTICALS                                  Diisopropyl ether                                             52.4  10018   Lipase PS AMANO (Pseudomonas origin, AMANO PHARMACEUTICALS                                  Tetrahydrofuran                                             51.5  98.219   Lipase PS AMANO (Pseudomonas origin, AMANG PHARMACEUTICALS                                  Methyl tert-butyl                                             52.6r 10020   Lipase PS AMANO (Pseudomonas origin, AMANO PHARMACEUTICALS                                  Acetone    50.7  10021   Lipase PS AMANO (Pseudomonas origin, AMANO PHARMACEUTICALS                                  Methyl ethyl ketone                                             44    77.522   Lipase PS AMkNO (Pseudomonas origin, AMAND PHARMACEUTICALS                                  Ethyl butyrate                                             50.3  95.923   Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  Hexane     49.3  87.824   Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  Toluene    51.9  10025   Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  Diisopropyl ether                                             51.5  95.826   Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  Tetrahydrofuran                                             42.4  76.227   Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  Methyl tert-butyl                                             52.1r 95.328   Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  Acetone    26.6  49.329   Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  Methyl ethyl ketone                                             44.7  82.330   Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                  Ethyl butyrate                                             46.9  84.8__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________                                             Conversion                                                   OpticalExample Enzyme for use                    Acyl donor                                             rate (%)                                                   purity (%__________________________________________________________________________                                                   ee)31    Novozym 435 (Candida origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                   Acetic anhydride                                             31.9  54.832    Novozym 435 (Candida origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                   Vinyl acetate                                             48.4  86.333    Novozym 435 (Candida origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                   Isopropenyl acetate                                             52.6  95.634    Novozym 435 (Candida origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                   Butyric anhydride                                             49.1  96.235    Novozym 435 (Candida origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                   Vinyl butyrate                                             57.1  95.936    Novozym 435 (Candida origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                   Tributyrin                                             38.3  57.937    Novozym 435 (Candida origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                   Ethyl butyrate                                             30.7  44.638    Novozym 435 (Candida origin1 Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                   Vinyl capronate                                             51.5  95.939    Lipase PS AMANO (Pseudomonas origin, AMANO PHARMACEUTICALS                                   Acetic anhydride                                             46.1  81.840    Lipase PS AMANO (Pseudomonas origin, AMANO PHARMACEUTICALS                                   Vinyl acetate                                             40.7  73.841    Lipase PS AMANO (Pseudomonas origin, AMANO PHARMACEUTICALS                                   Isopropenyl acetate                                             15. 8 --42    Lipase PS AMANO (Pseudomonas origin, AMANG PHARMACEUTICALS                                   Eutyric anhydride                                             15.2  --43    Lipase PS AMANO (Pseudomonas origin, AMANO PHRAMACEUTICALS                                   Vinyl butyrate                                             51.9  95.844    Lipase PS AMANO (Pseudomonas origin, AMANO PHARMACEUTICALS                                   Tributyrin                                             24.2  --45    Lipase PS AMANO (Pseudomonas origin, AMANO PHARMACEUTICALS                                   Ethyl butyrate                                             15.5  --46    Lipase PS AMANO (Pseudomonas origin, AMANO PHARMACEUTICALS                                   Vinyl capronate                                             54.8  94.947    Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                   Acetic anhydride                                             17.2  --48    Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                   Vinyl acetate                                             46.3  87.349    Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, Ncvo-Nordisk A/S)                                   Isopropenyl acetate                                             35.8  64.450    Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                   Butyric anhydride                                             40.1  64.151    Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                   Vinyl butyrate                                             52.3  9652    Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                   Tributyrin                                             34.8  53.853    Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, Novo-Nordisk A/S)                                   Ethyl butyrate                                             23.2  --54    Lipozyme IM (Mucor origin, NovO-Nordisk A/S)                                   Vinyl capronate                                             54.8  95.7__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     Industrial Applicability 
     Because of the above-mentioned constitute according to the present invention, we can produce an (S,S)-2-alkoxycyclohexanol efficiently and easily, which are useful for intermediates on production of medicines.