Abstract:
Described is a method of coating a metallic substrate comprising: providing a metallic substrate; applying an electrocoating composition by a cathodic electrocoating process to the substrate; and applying to the electrocoated substrate an aqueous coating composition comprised of a siloxane material. Also described is the product produced by the process having improved hardness, adhesion, corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance and appearance.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     The invention pertains to multiple coatings on to substrates wherein a cathodic electric coat is utilized. The invention also pertains to utilization of polysiloxane coating composition.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     When one desires to have a quality finished metallic product such as one coated with chrome, it is desirable that the final product have good long lasting appearance properties. Trying to achieve such desired products is a difficult challenge for the coating industry. Cathodic electro deposition techniques are well known in the industry.  
         [0003]     U.S. Pat. No. 6,033,545 (PPG) discloses an electrodepositable coating composition containing novel polysiloxanes which are the reaction product of a polysiloxane containing silicon hydride and at least one material which contains one or more unsaturated bonds capable of undergoing hydrosilyation reaction. Preparation of such disiloxane materials are described in the examples of the case. Cationic e-coat composition utilizing the siloxane prepared in the working examples are described on columns 13 and following. The substrate is described in column 17, line 59 and following where a cold rolled steel substrate had been pretreated with zinc phosphate followed by a chrome rinse and then the application of the electrodepositable coating composition. The electrodepositable coating composition is claimed as a composite of the ionic electrodepositable resin, a cross linking for the resin and a polysiloxane material prepared according to the specification.  
         [0004]     Other patents that may be of interest include U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,207,731; 6,013,167; 5,152,880; 5,116,472; 4,416,752; 4,180,442; 4,192,720; 3,990,953; 3,761,371; 3,582,481; 4,854,366; 6,662,588; and 6,547,952.  
         [0005]     It is an object of the present invention to obtain a multi coated product on a substrate comprised of chrome or a plastic with a chrome containing layer. The multi coating is one where the first coating onto the metallic substrate is by a cathodic electrodeposition process and applied onto that electrocoated substrate is a coating composition comprised of a siloxane material.  
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0006]     Described herein a method of coating a metallic substrate comprising: providing a metallic substrate; applying an electro-composition by a cathodic electrocoating process to the substrate; and applying to the electrocoated substrate a siloxane composition, preferably applied from an aqueous coating composition comprised of siloxane material.  
         [0007]     Another embodiment of the invention includes the multi coated product having a chrome substrate. The multi coated product has improved adherence properties, corrosion resistance properties, abrasion resistance, improved hardness and improved appearance. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0008]     The substrate that is utilized in the present invention is preferably comprised of a chrome substrate. Generally however, the chrome is deposited by a variety of techniques onto another substrate such as brass, zinc die cast, or plastic product. The plastic product can be a variety of plastic materials such as thermoplastic or thermoset materials such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, nylon, polyurethane and the like.  
         [0009]     The chrome coating that is applied utilizes well known coating techniques. Chromium is frequently applied by electrodeposition process. Chromium electro-deposition is described in Metals Handbook, 9 th  Edition, Vol. 5, hereby incorporated by reference. Other well known techniques for the chromium electroplating process are disclosed in Brassard “Decorative Electroplating—A Process in Transition”, Metal Finishing, pp. 105-108. June 1988; Zaki, “Chromium Plating”, PF Director, pp. 146-160; and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,460,438, 4,234,396, and 4,093,522, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.  
         [0010]     Chrome plating baths are well known and commercially available. A typical chrome plating bath contains chromic acid or salts thereof, and catalyst ion such as sulfate or fluoride. The catalyst ions can be provided by sulfuric acid or its salts and fluorosilicic acid. The baths may be operated at a temperature of about 112°-116° F. Typically in chrome plating a current density of about 150 amps per square foot, at about 5 to 9 volts is utilized.  
         [0011]     The chrome layer generally has a thickness of at least about 2 millionths (0.000002) of an inch, preferably at least about 5 millionths (0.000005) of an inch, and more preferably at least about 8 millionths (0.000008) of an inch. Generally, the upper range of thickness can vary and is determined by secondary considerations such as cost. However, the thickness of the chrome layer should generally not exceed about 60 millionths (0.00006) of an inch, and more preferably about 40 millionths (0.00004) of an inch.  
         [0012]     The chromium containing substrate is then coated with a commercially available cathodic electrodeposition coating composition. These materials are well known in the industry. Cathodic electrocoat coating composition utilizes a positively charged composition that is solubilized by a negatively charged acid. When voltage is applied, the coating composition and acid disassociate and migrate to the oppositely charged electrode. The coating composition is attracted to the negatively charged cathode and the acid is attracted to the positively charged anode. Some of the cathodic electrocoating compositions that may be utilized are of the alkyd-acrylic type such as Vectrogard 500 (trademark of Valspar); cathodic acrylic such as Vectroguard 700 (trademark of Valspar) or a cathodic epoxy material such as Vectroguard 800 (trademark of Valspar). It is to be appreciated that one or two applications of a cathodic electrocoat may be utilized depending upon the desired end products. Other cathodic electro-coating compositions are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,207,731; 6,013,167; 6,033,545; 5,152,880; other cathodic electrodeposition coating compositions include amine salt containing resins, all hereby incorporated by reference.  
         [0013]     Examples of such cationic film-forming resins include amine salt group-containing resins such as the acid-solubilized reaction products of polyepoxides and primary or secondary amines such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,663,389; 3,984,299; 3,947,338; and 3,947,339. Usually, these amine salt group-containing resins are used in combination with a blocked isocyanate curing agent. The isocyanate can be fully blocked as described in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,947,338. Also, one-component compositions as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,134,866 and DE-OS No. 2,707,405 can be used as the film-forming resin. Besides the epoxy-amine reaction products, film-forming resins can also be selected from cationic acrylic resins such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,455,806 and 3,928,157, all incorporated by reference.  
         [0014]     Besides amine salt group-containing resins, quaternary ammonium salt group containing resins can also be employed. Examples of these resins are those which are formed from reacting an organic polyepoxide with a tertiary amine salt. Such resins are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,962,165; 3,975,346; and 4,001,101. Examples of other cationic resins are ternary sulfonium salt group-containing resins and quaternary phosphonium salt-group containing resins such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,793,278 and 3,984,922, respectively. Also, film-forming resins which cure via transesterification such as described in European Application No. 12463 can be used. Further, cationic compositions prepared from Mannich bases such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,134,932 can be used, all incorporated by reference.  
         [0015]     The resins to which the present invention may also be effective are those positively charged resins which contain primary and/or secondary amine groups. Such resins are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,663,389; 3,947,339; and 4,116,900. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,947,339, a polyketimine derivative of a polyamine such as diethylenetriamine or triethylenetetraamine is reacted with a polyepoxide. When the reaction product is neutralized with acid and dispersed in water, free primary amine groups are generated. Also, equivalent products are formed when polyepoxide is reacted with excess polyamines such as diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetraamine and the excess polyamine vacuum stripped from the reaction mixture. Such products are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,663,389 and 4,116,900, all incorporated by reference.  
         [0016]     The ionic electrodepositable resin described above is present in the electrocoating composition in amounts of about 1 to about 60 percent by weight, preferably about 5 to about 25 based on total weight of the electrodeposition bath.  
         [0017]     The aqueous compositions of the present invention are in the form of an aqueous dispersion. The term “dispersion” is believed to be a two-phase transparent, translucent or opaque resinous system in which the resin is in the dispersed phase and the water is in the continuous phase. The average particle size of the resinous phase is generally less than 1.0 and usually less than 0.5 microns, preferably less than 0.15 micron.  
         [0018]     The concentration of the resinous phase in the aqueous medium is at least 1 and usually from about 2 to about 60 percent by weight based on total weight of the aqueous dispersion.  
         [0019]     Electrodeposition baths are typically supplied as two components: (1) a clear resin feed, which includes generally the ionic electrodepositable resin, i.e., the main film-forming polymer, and/or crosslinker and any additional water-dispersible, non-pigmented components; and (2) a pigment paste, which generally includes one or more pigments, a water-dispersible grind resin which can be the same or different from the main-film forming polymer, and optionally, additives such as wetting or dispersing aids. Electrodeposition bath components (1) and (2) are dispersed in an aqueous medium which comprises water and, usually, coalescing solvents.  
         [0020]     The conditions under which electrodeposition is carried out are, in general, similar to those used in electrodeposition of other types of coatings. The applied voltage may be varied and can be, for example, as low as 1 volt to as high as several thousand volts, but typically between 50 and 500 volts. The current density is usually between 0.5 ampere and 5 amperes per square foot and tends to decrease during electrodeposition indicating the formation of an insulating film. The electrodepositable coating compositions of the present invention can be applied to a variety of electroconductive substrates especially metals such as steel, aluminum, copper, magnesium, conductive carbon coated materials and chromium.  
         [0021]     After the coating has been applied by electrodeposition, it is cured usually by baking at elevated temperatures such as about 90° to about 260° C. for about 1 to about 40 minutes.  
         [0022]     After the cathodic electrocoat is applied to the substrate, a siloxane such as a polysiloxane material is applied to the coated substrate. A wide variety of commercially available polysiloxane materials are available such as MicroGuard AD95 (Trademark of Adsil, Inc. for a siloxane coating composition). Before utilizing the Adsil AD95 material there are mixing instructions that should be followed.  
         [0023]     MicroGuard AD95 is a three-component material and is mixed for curing to occur. This product is packaged, in kit form, with separate containers for Components A, B &amp; C. For proper mixing: 
        Pour the Component A liquid into a clean, white or clear HDPE plastic bucket, only. Then, pour the Component B liquid into the Component A.     Using a variable speed drill and mixing paddle, blend the A &amp; B components for 15 minutes at low speed. Avoid striking the side of the bucket with the paddle while it is rotating. A moderate exothermic heat reaction occurs as the components are mixed together.     Next, add the Component C liquid into the admixture of the A &amp; B components. Again, blend for 15 additional minutes at low speed.     Cover the bucket with a lid and allow the mixed material to induct (“sweat in”) for 30 minutes before application. The useable pot life of mixed material is 4 to 6 hours, depending on ambient conditions.        
 
         [0028]     Part A is 98 percent by weight alkoxy silanes and 2 percent methyl alcohol. Component B is acetic acid (2 percent by weight) in distilled water. Component C is 36-38 weight percent isopropyl alcohol, 22-23 percent by weight 1-ethoxy-2-propanol and 28-32 percent by weight 2-propanol, 1-propoxy. The polysiloxane materials that are applied are in water and are used after proper mixing as described above. A polysiloxane material is one that has repeating  
                         
 
 groups. 
 
         [0029]     Upon completion of the deposition time, the rectifier is turned off, the leads are disconnected, and the part is removed from the bath.  
         [0030]     Excess e-coat bath, called drag-out, is rinsed from the part using a DI (deionized) water rinse that may or may not contain a commercially available surfactant to aide in consistent dewetting.  
         [0031]     Once removed from the bath the coated part may be handled the following ways for the subsequent application of the siloxane coating: 
        a. The part is coated with the siloxane coating directly. The two coatings are cured together in a subsequent oven treatment.     b. The part (e-coat paint) is dehydrated via baking in an oven at a temperature lower than the curing/crosslinking temperature for the system being used. The siloxane coating is then applied on the uncured e-coat and the two coatings are cured together in a subsequent oven treatment. “Coating stacks” using this method are frequently defect free i.e., an absence of cracking, cloudiness and the like.     c. Fully curing the e-coat by baking in an oven according to the specific curing instructions for the e-coat used. The siloxane coating is applied on the cured e-coat and then cured according to the manufacturer&#39;s instructions to create a two-coat system.        
 
         [0035]     The siloxane coating can be applied via spray, dip, brush, or any other method that does not disturb the appearance or integrity of the underlying e-coat layer.  
         [0036]     While not being limited to any theory, it is believed that in order to form a polymer network, siloxane materials undergo hydrolysis and can then participate in subsequent reactions to form the network such as: 
        a. Condensation reactions with other siloxane hydroxyl groups or with hydroxyls present in the e-coat base layer (e.g. acrylic resins, epoxy resins).     b. Organic functional groups present in the e-coat layer that are reactive with the siloxane hydroxyls may also react to become part of the polymer network resulting in chemical bonding between the layers. Examples of organic functional groups that might react with the siloxane hydroxyls might include: isocyanate, carboxylic acids, and melamine formaldehyde pendant ether groups.        
 
         [0039]     After the cathodic electrocoated composition is applied, the coated substrate may be allowed to dry. Thereafter, it is dipped, sprayed or coated with the siloxane material. The final product can then be air dried for a number of hours, such as from 6-24 hours or long. A more rapid curing can occur by the application of heat such as from about 180-400 degrees F. In this fashion the electrocoated material is finally cured at the same time as the siloxane material is cured.  
         [0040]     The following examples illustrate the invention. All parts and percentages are on a per weight basis unless otherwise indicated and all temperatures are in degrees C.  
       EXAMPLES  
     Example 1  
       [0041]     A 3″×8″ chrome-plated test panel was immersed in a Valspar Vectrogard 730 cathodic acrylic electrocoat bath. Electrical leads from a low current high voltage electrical rectifier were attached to the part to be painted (negative leads) and to the counter electrodes (positive leads). The rectifier power was turned on to a voltage of 60V over a period of approximately 20 seconds. After 2 minutes the power to the rectifier was turned off, the electrical leads disconnected, and the painted part was removed from the bath and rinsed with DI water. The part was allowed to dehydrate a minimum of 10 minutes before curing for 20 minutes at 300° F. After cooling to room temperature the part was coated with Adsil AD-95 polysiloxane coating using a foam brush. The part was allowed to air dry for purposes of solvent evaporation for a minimum of 5 minutes before curing the part 30 minutes at 250° F. One day later the adhesion was measured using ASTM method D3359 and the adhesion was rated as 5B; no pickoff of coating was detected in the crosshatch area indicating excellent adhesion.  
       Example 2  
       [0042]     A 3″×8″ chrome-plated test panel was coated with Valspar Vectrogard 730 cathodic acryolic e-coat using the process from example 1. At the conclusion of the 10-minute dehydration step the part was coated with Adsil AD-95 polysiloxane material using a foam brush. The part was allowed to air dry for purposes of solvent evaporation for a minimum of 5 minutes before curing the part 30 minutes at 250° F. The e-coat and polysiloxane materials were therefore co-cured using this procedure. One day later the adhesion was measured using ASTM method D3359 and the adhesion was rated as 5B; no pickoff of coating was detected in the crosshatch area indicating excellent adhesion.  
         [0043]     While the forms of the invention herein disclosed constitute presently preferred embodiments, many others are possible. It is not intended herein to mention all the possible equivalent forms or ramifications of the invention. For example, the types and the amounts of the coating materials can vary considerably as well as the curing temperatures and times. It is understood that the terms used herein are really descriptive rather than limiting, and that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.