Abstract:
A device is presented including a processor. A memory is connected to the processor. The processor calculates calorie burn. The memory has a many data objects for storing data accessed by an application program that is executed on the processor. The data objects include a first data structure that is stored in one of the many data objects. The data structure includes a formatted exercise data block used by the application program. The formatted exercise data block includes many formatted exercise intensity data blocks that have polynomial parameters. Also, a second data structure is stored in another one of the many data objects. This data structure includes a formatted calorie calculation block used by the application program.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to compressing calorie burn calculations, and more particularly to a method and apparatus of using polynomials to compress calorie burn calculations. 
     2. Background Information 
     Many of todays personal goal devices, such as personal fitness planners, use calorie burn data that is provided based upon observed laboratory data. Calorie burn data is determined by many factors such as type of exercise and time of performing exercise, among others. This data is typically stored as tables of discrete data on the device in a memory. For calorie calculations that fall between recorded values, interpolation techniques are used. The storing of discrete values, however, can use a lot of system memory. On portable devices, where memory space is limited, the storing of discrete values is an inefficient use of available memory space. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention is illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like references indicate similar elements. It should be noted that references to “an” or “one” embodiment in this disclosure are not necessarily to the same embodiment, and such references mean at least one. 
     FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in a system. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of the invention having a data structure in a memory to store exercise intensity polynomials. 
     FIG. 3 illustrates an flow diagram of an embodiment of the invention having a calorie calculation table structure. 
     FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram of an embodiment of the invention. 
     FIG. 5 illustrates an example of an embodiment of the invention&#39;s calculation versus observed data. 
     FIG. 6 illustrates an example of an embodiment of the invention in a network environment using remote devices to connect to a server. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The invention generally relates to an apparatus and method to reduce the amount of data required for calculating calorie burn information by using polynomial curve fitting. Referring to the figures, exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described. The exemplary embodiments are provided to illustrate the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. 
     FIG. 1 illustrates a system containing an embodiment of the invention comprising personal fitness device  100 . Personal fitness device  100  comprises processor  110 , data entry  120 , memory  130 , and display  140 . Personal fitness device  100  may be may be devices such as a personal computer (PC), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a set top box (STB) or any similar type device. Data entry  120  can be entry means such as a keypad, a pointing device such as a mouse or track-ball, a touch screen, a microphone for voice recognition, or external information from other devices. In one embodiment, data entry  120  has a built in pedometer for relaying distance and time information as a user walks. Memory  130  may be memory devices such as random access memory (RAM), DRAM, or SDRAM. It should be noted that future memory devices may also be used for memory  130 . Display  140  may be a display device such as an active matrix liquid crystal display (LCD) or dual-scan super-twist nematic display. Lower cost display panels with reduced resolutions and only monochrome display capabilities can also be utilized. One should note that future technology flat screen displays may also be used for display  140 . 
     In one embodiment processor  110  contains instructions  150 . In one embodiment, instructions  150  can be loaded on a PDA, a PC, a server, or be ready to be loaded onto a device in such form as a floppy disk, CD-ROM, or remotely downloaded. In one embodiment instructions  150  are used for calculating calorie burn data from polynomials based on curve fit data from the following equation: 
     
       
         
           Y=A+BX+CX 
           2 
         
       
     
     Instead of storing discrete observed laboratory data, three values, A, B and C, are stored. Data values A, B, and C are calorie burn calculation data such as intensity data based on a specific type of exercise. Formulas for specific exercises, such as cardiovascular type exercises (e.g., walking, jogging, biking) are used to calculate calorie burn information. 
     The data typically stored as discrete data is replaced by using the above equation and applying the data values, A, B, and C, to the equation. The “X” parameter in the above equation is an intensity parameter for the specific exercise type. The “X” parameter can be data such as distance and time entered by a user through data entry  120 . For some exercises, the intensity level may be a constant (e.g., golf). For exercises, such as aerobics, the “X” parameter may be a number, for example a number between one (1) and ten (10). In this case, a value of one (1) would correspond to the easiest “perceived exertion” in performing the exercise, and a value of ten (10) would correspond to the hardest “perceived exertion” in performing the exercise. The perceived exertion scale is what a user perceives their level of exertion to be. One should note that other ranges of “perceived exertion” may also be implemented as well. 
     For exercises where distance is involved, such as running, walking, stair climbing, swimming, or biking, the “X” parameter is based on speed, i.e. time versus distance. Thus, the faster a user walks, the more calories per minute are burned. Therefore, the “X” parameter is based on inputs of time and distance. In one embodiment, a pedometer input is used to input values for parameter “X.” For the pedometer inputs, since the exercise is typically walking, the pedometer supplies the values for distance and time. The “Y” parameter can be the amount of calories per minute per kilogram of weight of a user burned. One should note that other curve fit equations may also be implemented as well. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates a structure to store parameters of an embodiment of the invention in memory  130 . Structure  200  stores data for access by an application program being executed on processor  110 . Structure  200  may be an article or data object, such as a data table, array, or coupled data blocks. Structure  200  comprises a data structure including formatted blocks of entries for the following: exercise identification  210 , exercise type identification  220 , intensity parameter A  230 , intensity parameter B  240 , intensity parameter C  250 , and other exercise parameters  260 . In one embodiment, for a specific exercise identification  210 , several exercise type identifications  220  may exist. Exercise type identification  220  may be a type of exercise dependent only upon time, dependent upon time and intensity, dependent upon time and distance, or dependent on external information, such as that information from a pedometer (e.g., distance and time). 
     In one embodiment, intensity parameter A  230 , intensity parameter B  240 , and intensity parameter C  250  are parameters based on exercise type. These parameters are dependent on a specific type of exercise and vary exercise to exercise. For each specific exercise identification  210 , intensity parameters A  230 , B  240 , and C  250  define a curve that is used to determine calorie burn value. Intensity parameters A  230 , B  240 , and C  250  may be derived from observed data from standard curve fit techniques. 
     FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the invention having a calorie calculation table based on the above equation. Calorie calculation table  300  is an article or data object for storing data for access by an application program being executed on processor  110 . Calorie calculation table  300  comprises a data structure including formatted blocks of exercise type identification  310 , exercise class  320 , calories per minute per kilogram equations  330 , value  1   340 , and value  2   350 . Calories per minute per kilogram equations  330  comprise the equation discussed above. In one embodiment Value  1   340  is entered through data entry  120 . Value  1   340  may be time in minutes for which an exercise is performed, or repetitions of strength exercises for which the above equation is not applicable. Value  2  may be data entered through data entry  120  such as intensity a user exerted for a specific exercise, distance covered by a particular exercise, or weight used for a specific exercise. 
     In one embodiment of the invention calories per minute per kilogram equations  330  are computed when value  1   340  and value  2   350  are retrieved. The total amount of calories burned per exercise can then be calculated based on the following equation: 
     
       
         Total calories burned=Calories per minute per kilogram*duration of exercise (i.e. time)*user weight in kilograms. 
       
     
     The total calories burned can then be displayed on display  140 . 
     FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of a process for calculating total calories burned in an embodiment of the invention. Block  410  determines an exercise that a user may have completed or desires to complete and retrieves exercise type  220 . Block  420  retrieves exercise information for the specified exercise, such as exercise identification  210 . Block  430  determines whether exercise type  220  requires an entry for duration information. If exercise type  220  does not require an entry for duration information, process  400  continues with block  438 . If exercise type  220  requires an entry for duration information, block  435  retrieves duration entered by a user or duration from a device such as a pedometer. Block  438  determines if exercise type  220  requires distance information. If exercise type  220  does not require distance information, process  400  continues with block  440 . If exercise type  220  requires an entry for distance information, block  439  retrieves distance information entered by a user or distance information from a device such as a pedometer. Block  440  determines if exercise type  220  requires exercise intensity (e.g., scale of  1 - 10 ) information. If exercise type  220  requires exercise intensity information, block  441  retrieves intensity information entered by a user. If exercise type  220  does not require intensity information, process  400  continues with block  450 . Block  450  retrieves intensity parameter A  230 , intensity parameter B  240 , and intensity parameter C  250 , exercise type identification  210 , and exercise type identification  220  based on retrieved exercise information entered by a user. Block  460  looks up exercise type identification  210  and determines the correct calories per minute per kilogram equation  330  to apply. Block  470  determines calories per minute per kilogram. Block  480  determines total calories burned. 
     FIG. 5 illustrates an example of data determined by an embodiment of the invention for an exercise as compared to observed laboratory data. As one can observe from FIG. 5, the data determined by an embodiment of the invention is a very close approximation of the observed data. 
     FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of the invention that can run on a server and be accessed by a user at a remote location. Server  620  can calculate calorie burn information through instructions  150 . A user can enter exercise information through data entry  120 . Display  140  then displays entered information and resulting calories burned for entered data. User device  610  may be devices such as a PC, a PDA, a STB or any similar device. In one embodiment of the invention, multiple users may be compared against for comparison in situations, such as a fitness class. These multiple users can connect to server  610  through a network, such as the Internet, or an intranet. In this way, all members in a fitness class can keep track of burned calories during periods of time. 
     Also, a fitness device, such as a cross-trainer, exercise bike, or stepping machine can be used for multiple users and a set intensity can be entered on user device  610  for comparison of multiple users in a center situated class or remotely. The results can then be centrally stored and compared over time. This data can then be used for multiple purposes such as contests, medical research, and fitness goals. Therefore, with a large number of users, the reduction of memory space by using polynomial values for calorie burn calculation is much more efficient than storing observed data and also results in a cost savings by reducing necessary memory space. 
     Therefore, by employing a curve fit equation and fewer parameters, memory is more efficiently used than having to store observed data. With the efficient use of memory, memory  130  is able to store more information without compromising calorie burn results. This also saves cost by reducing memory size. 
     The above embodiments can also be stored on a device or medium and read by a machine to perform instructions. The device or medium may include a solid state memory device and/or a rotating magnetic or optical disk. The device or medium may be distributed when partitions of instructions have been separated into different machines, such as across an interconnection of computers. 
     While certain exemplary embodiments have been described and shown in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that such embodiments are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad invention, and that this invention not be limited to the specific constructions and arrangements shown and described, since various other modifications may occur to those ordinarily skilled in the art.