Abstract:
An induction motor for the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is integrated with a wheel system or brake system of a transportation apparatus, ane especially human powered apparatus.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In vehicles with passive wheels driven by a conventional electric motor, and powered by a hybrid internal combustion engine (ICE), electricity generator battery or, even more recently, fuel cells, the electrical energy available for the application is typically limited. 
     Also, with the existing technology, the weight of the vehicle body, the electrical energy storage/generation, and the related drive train heavily influences the duration or the total distance that user can travel with one single “re-fuel” or “re-charge”. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The fossil fuel internal combustion engine has long being tagged as the primary source of environmental pollution. Present time human achievements have been seriously threatened by a situation as the global warming, as is becoming more apparent due to the frequency of “El Niño” and other climate changes. Although different technology has been developed since the first oil crisis, concern about the extinction of precious global resources has recently sped up the development of electrical vehicle (EV). Different technology combinations have been in trial for such a long time that we finally can see some EVs becoming commercially available. 
     However, the existing electrical motor design has limited the basic design approach that is used. A gear box and power drive train for converting the energy generated by the electrical motor into mechanical driving force is typical in an EV design. The improvement of the total distance that can be traveled with existing electrical motors and drive train technology is seriously limited. The complexity involved with the existing drive train and motor design makes it a target for improvement. Nevertheless, although some novel motor designs (FIG. 10-2) have been proposed that can be used as part of the wheel in a HPV (human power vehicle) so that the extra drive train can be eliminated, it has heretofore been impractical to eliminate the drive train in an EV. 
     Powerful, efficient and yet robust technology is required for EV applications, since EVs are to be used in the same environment as the existing ICE vehicles. It is the objective of this invention to improve such a situation with a solid robust motor design that can be built as part of the wheel structure module of the existing ICE vehicle design. With such an active propelling wheel drive, the design can be easily implemented on any vehicle. As indicated via one embodiment of the prior art as shown in FIG. 10-1, the concept of a clutch device that can be used in a drive train can be applied together with the embodiment of the present invention. The conventional gear box and drive train can be completely re-designed. The total weight of a vehicle can be greatly reduced and superior drive efficiency can easily be implemented with the digital electronic technology that is available now. 
     The Flat Induction Motor (FIM) mentioned herein is a compact, flat induction motor offering a unique capability for load propulsion. It is an application of the technology developed for the electromagnetic launcher designed to accelerate projectiles. Pairs of closely spaced electrical coil windings, installed and firmly fixed on the vehicle structure, straddle a segmented core block. The current is pulsed as the coils cross an edge of one segment of the core block. This induces surface currents that repel the core block so that, in essence, the pulsed coils push off the segment edges. 
     When applied as an electromagnetic propulsion system for parts of an apparatus, such as the active wheels of a vehicle, the apparatus has less weight to be driven by the electrical energy that is available, electromagnetic braking can be used, and, relieved of the need to transmit power through drive train traction, the vehicle can be designed to provide more mileage per “re-fuel” or “RE-CHARGING”. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIGS. 1A and 1B are perspective views of an embodiment of the invention, indicating the relationship between the metal core means and the coil module means. 
     FIGS. 2A and 2B are perspective views of another embodiment, indicating a change in the design of the metal core means and the coil module means. 
     FIGS. 3A,  3 B and  3 C are perspective views of still another embodiment, indicating a further change in the design of the metal core means and the coil module means. 
     FIGS. 4A and 4B are perspective views of yet another embodiment, indicating another change in the design of the metal core means and the coil module means. 
     FIGS. 5A,  5 B and  5 C indicate an embodiment that employs a mechanical clutch and extra driving motors to initiate motor running. 
     FIGS. 6A,  6 B and  6 C indicate another embodiment that employs a mechanical clutch and extra driving motors to initiate motor running. 
     FIGS. 7A,  7 B and  7 C indicate yet another embodiment that employs a mechanical clutch and extra driving motors to initiate the motor running. 
     FIG. 8 illustrates a typical HPV with active propelling wheel. 
     FIGS. 9A,  9 B and  9 C indicate an embodiment that employs a mechanical clutch and extra driving motors to initiate motor running. 
     FIGS. 10-1,  10 - 2  illustrating a typical prior art clutch device and a typical motor designed for HPV. 
    
    
     REFERENCES 
     U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,817,494 and 5,552,649. 
     IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. MAG-18, No. 1, 01/82: 
     (1) Fair, Harry Jr., “Electromagnetic Propulsion: A New Initiative”, pp. 4-6; 
     (2) Mongeau &amp; Williams, Arc-Commutated Launcher, pp. 42-45; 
     (3) Burgess, Cnare, Oberkampf, Beard &amp; Cowan, The Electromagnetic theta. Gun and Tubular Projectiles, pp. 46-59; 
     (4) Snow, Dunbar, Kubby, O&#39;Neill, Mass Driver Two: A Status Report pp. 127-134. 
     IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. MAG-20, No. 2, 3/84: 
     (1) Kolm &amp; Mongeau, “Basic Principles of Coaxial Launch Technology”, pp. 227-230 
     (2) Burgess &amp; Cowan, Multistage Induction Mass Accelerator pp. 235-238 
     (3) McKinney and Mongeau, Multiple Stage Pulsed Induction Acceleration, pp. 239-242. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     As shown in FIG. 1A, a first preferred embodiment of the invention includes a thick sheet metal core means  200  made of material such as Aluminum or Copper, that is formed as a fan type disc with a number of holes  200 - 1 , - 2 , - 3 , . . . , - 12  in it. Such a metal disc forms the rotor of a flat induction motor. FIG. 1 B shows the same design but from a different perspective. 
     Additional stationary coil block can be seen in FIG. 1A, the number of coil module means  100  can be determined by the amount of thrust and complexity of design desired. The coil module means  100 - 1 , - 2 , . . . can be mounted to follow the circular shape of the metal disc. (see also, FIG. 8) In FIGS. 1A,  1 B, only 2 coil module means are shown. According to the principles of the invention, the coil module means  100  produces pulsed magnetic field that will be peak in strength depending on the relative position of the metal core means and the coil module means. When the metal portion  200 - 1 , - 2 , - 3 , . . . , - 12  of the metal core means passes through the suitable position in relation to the coil&#39;s position, the current in the coil is pulsed on/off to provide the driving force so that the metal core means is caused to rotate. 
     The metal portion that acts as the rotor&#39;s driving part can also serve as the spoke of the wheel structure in order to minimize the weight of the motor. The design of the wheel structure using this invention remains very much like the existing one, so minimum changes are required in order to adapt conventional wheel manufacture to produce the rotor of the invention. Even multiple metal bars can be assembled onto a hub and rim so that the metal portion can serve the same purpose of the above mention design. Yet another application can be designed so that the present invention serves as part of the hub or rim of the wheel design. 
     FIG. 2 shows another type embodiment similar to that of FIG. 1, but in which the center of rotation or axis is no longer necessary as in the traditional motor design. The bearing or fixation of the rotor can now be implemented along either the outer circle or the inner circle of the donut shaped rotor. The above design can also be used as a replacement of the metal disc that is used in present day&#39;s vehicle&#39;s brake disc, as can be seen in a modern vehicle design. 
     FIG. 3 is another typical embodiment. Here the metal core means  600  is being arranged as a metal strip bent into a circular shape. Slots formed in the metal strip serve to define discrete metal portions  600 - 10 , - 20 , - 30 , - 40 , - 50 , - 60 , . . . , -(n+1). As the original driving principle teaches, the number of coil module means  500  can be determined based on the driving force needed and the complexity that can be used. 
     The bearing or fixation of the rotor of this embodiment can also be implemented along either the outer circle or the inner circle of the duct shaped rotor. FIGS. 3A &amp; B shows only one pair of coil module means  500 -n and  500 -m, but in FIG. 3C, a plurality coil module means  500 - 10 , - 20 , - 30 , -(n−1), -n, -(n+1), . . . , -(m-1), -m, -(m+1) sets is shown. 
     FIG. 4 shows another similar design that can be used. The bearing or fixation of the rotor can now be implemented along either the outer circle or the inner circle of the duct shaped rotor. With suitable mechanical design modification and integration, the existing wheel system can be modified to incorporate the present invention so that minimum changes are necessary to the existing mechanical system. 
     Components with different dimensions and shapes can be employed without deviating from the intention of the invention. The above mentioned embodiment is listed merely to demonstrate a particular embodiment of the invention and should not become a limitation to the claims of the invention. 
     With the present invention, an HPV can be designed so that the flat induction motor will serve as an active propelling wheel with much less extra weight added to the HPV. Since the HPV is usually started with human effort, the start up of the flat induction motor will usually be made after the HPV is up and running, which will make the present invention an even more attractive propelling tool since no extra kick start mechanism is required. 
     Should initial&#39;start up be needed, however, a minimum extra weight is needed in the form of a suitable starter and cluch to implement a kick start up device. Such a start up device can be implemented with 2-3 different motors, including such that a first suitable flat induction motor is driven by a third small motor to start up with, and when the first flat induction motor reaches suitable driving status, it can be clutched with yet another flat induction motor, which serves as the main driving motor of the vehicle. 
     The wheel and related load  110  are driven by first flat induction motor  25  ( 120 ) via any combination including a suitable clutching device such as the clutching mechanism  110 - 10  shown in FIG.  5 . Due to the use of clutching device  110 - 10 , the second motor  35  ( 230 ) together with its related driving mechanism  230 - 10 , such as a pulley, belt, gear, chain or the like, can be used to start the rotation of the relatively lightly loaded metal core means of the said first flat induction motor  25 . 
     When the first flat induction motor  25  has reached its thrust momentum, a suitable mechanical means can be employed to clutch the first flat induction motor  25  so that it will now be able to drive the wheel and related load  110 , which is linked to the mass of the vehicle body. 
     In FIG. 6, the wheel and related load  140  are driven by the first flat induction motor  26  ( 150 ) via any suitable clutching device or mechanism. A typical clutching mechanism  160  is shown in FIG.  6 . Due to the use of clutching device  160 , the second motor  36  ( 280 ) together with its related driving mechanism  280 - 10 , which may be a pulley, belt, gear, chain or the like, can be used to start the rotation of the relatively lightly loaded first flat induction motor  26  ( 150 ). When the first flat induction motor  26  has reached its thrust momentum, suitable mechanical means can be employed to make the clutch the first flat induction motor  26  so that it will now be able to drive the said wheel and related load  140 , which is linked to the mass of the vehicle body. As described earlier, the coil module means  270  may be arranged to fit the mechanical design. 
     FIG. 7 shows yet another embodiment that can be used for such a kick start up device. In FIG. 7, the wheel and related load  170  are driven by the first flat induction motor  27  ( 180 ) via any suitable clutching device, such as clutching mechanism  180 - 10 . Due to the use of clutching device  180 - 10 , the second motor  37  ( 900 - 30 ) together with its related driving mechanism  900 - 40 , which may be a pulley, belt, gear, chain or the like, can be used to start the rotation of the relatively lightly loaded said first flat induction motor  27 .  25  When the first flat induction motor  27  has reached its thrust momentum, suitable mechanical means can be employed to engage the first flat induction motor  27  so that it will now be able to drive the wheel and related load  170 , which is linked to the mass of the vehicle body. As described earlier, the coil module means  900 - 10  is arranged to fit the mechanical design. 
     The various alternative embodiments of the start up mechanism should of course not be taken as limiting the present invention, but rather only serve as illustrative examples of the invention. 
     FIG. 8 illustrates a typical embodiment of the invention in an HPV situation. The flat induction motor can be mounted on either one wheel or both wheels. In FIG. 8, the metal core means  200 - 100 ,  200 - 200  of the flat induction motor can be implemented as either the spoke, part of the rim, or part of the hub. While the coil module means  100 - 100 ,  100 - 200  can also be arranged as a plurality of pairs,  100 -XXX. The relative positions of the coil module means  100 -XXX can be arranged to fit the shape of wheel structure. 
     Again, the details of the mechanical or electrical design can be dependent on the purpose of the vehicle. The plurality of alternative embodiments should not be taken as a limitation of the present invention, but rather only serve as illustrative examples. 
     FIG. 9 shows yet another embodiment that can be used in connection with a kick start up device. In FIG. 9, the second flat induction motor  19  ( 191 ) will be driven by the first flat induction motor  29  ( 195 ) via any suitable clutching device, such as the typical clutching mechanism  190 - 10  shown in FIG.  9 . Due to the use of clutch  190 - 10 , the third motor  39  ( 390 - 30 ) together with a related driving mechanism  390 - 40  such as a pulley. belt, gear, chain or the like, can be used to start the rotation of the relatively lightly loaded first flat induction motor  29 . When the first flat induction motor  29  has reached its thrust momentum, suitable mechanical means can be employed to clutch the first flat induction motor  29  so that it will now be able to drive the second flat induction motor  191  as necessary, which is spun around the axis of rotation of the motor. The second flat induction motor  19  ( 191 ) is linked to the mass of the vehicle body and will be the main driving energy source for the vehicle. As described earlier, the coil module means  191 - 20 ,  195 - 30  are arranged to fit the suitable mechanical design. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the alternative embodiments of the start up mechanism described of should not be limited and that they only serve to illustrate the principles of the invention. In addition, it is again noted that the details of the mechanical or electrical design can be dependent on the purpose of the vehicle.