Abstract:
A trifluorobenzene derivative having a superior stability and a large positive dielectric anisotropy value and a liquid crystal composition containing the derivative are provided, which derivative is expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is 1-10C alkyl and one --CH 2  -- group or two not-adjacent --CH 2  -- groups in the alkyl may be replaced by O and/or --CO-- and/or --COO-- and/or --CH═CH--, --A-- and --B-- are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, l and m each are 0, 1 or 2 and l+m≧1, and Z 1  and Z 2  each are --COO--, --OCO--, --CH 2  CH 2  --, --OCH 2  --, --CH 2  O--, --CH═CH-- or single bond and may be same or different.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to a trifluorobenzene derivative used as a component of liquid crystal materials. More particularly it relates to a trifluorobenzene derivative suitable as a component of liquid crystal compositions useful for a passive mode and an active matrix mode, each requiring a high reliability, and a liquid crystal composition containing the derivative. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Liquid crystal compositions used for liquid crystal display elements of conventional passive modes such as liquid crystal compositions used for liquid crystal display elements of 90° twisted nematic mode, guest-host mode, supertwisted mode, SBE mode, etc. and further liquid crystal compositions used for liquid crystal display elements of active matrix modes such as liquid crystal compositions used for non-linear two-terminal elements of diode, etc. or three-terminal elements of thin film transistors (TFT), etc., as a switching element, are mostly liquid crystal mixtures consisting of several kinds of liquid crystal compounds and compounds similar to liquid crystals, which compounds have a CN group at the terminal group or at the side chain thereof to exhibit a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy (hereinafter abbreviated to Δε). The reason for this is that the dielectric anisotropy of the compounds, induced by the CN group, has a large positive value when the CN group is present at the terminal group, while it has a large negative value when the group is present at the side chain. For example, in the case of liquid crystal display elements of 90° twist mode occupying the most part of commercially available liquid crystal display elements, the threshold voltage in the electricity-capacity characteristic is given by the following equation containing the dielectric anisotropy value Δε and elastic constants K 11 , K 22  and K 33  : ##EQU1## 
     Thus, it can be understood that when a compound having a large positive Δε value, i.e. a compound having a CN group at its terminal group is contained in a composition, the resulting threshold voltage Vc is reduced. 
     On the other hand, similarly in the other modes, the threshold voltage value depends upon the Δε value. Namely, the larger the |Δε|, the less the Vc. As to conventional liquid crystal compositions, by adjusting the content of compounds having a CN group at the terminal end or at the side chain thereof in the above-mentioned various modes, it has been possible to drive the display element at a low voltage of several volts, which is one of the largest specific features of liquid crystal display elements. 
     In recent years, as the use application range of liquid crystal display elements has broadened, there has been an increasing requirement liquid crystal display elements which reduce the current consumption of liquid crystal compositions, raise the specific resistivity thereof, raise the reliability thereof such as reduction in the rate of change with lapse of time and enhancing the display contrast, in the passive mode and the active matrix mode. However, a highly polarizable group such as a CN group, in spite of its contribution to the dielectric anisotropy, has raised a problem in the aspect of the above-mentioned current consumption, specific resistivity, their rate of change with lapse of time and the resulting display contrast. 
     While the reason has not yet been clarified by persons skilled in the art, it may be presumed that the CN group at the terminal group or at the side chain of compounds has a certain interaction with ionic impurities present in the display element, thereby having a bad influence upon the current value, specific resistivity value and the resulting display contrast. The drawbacks of compounds having such CN group, consist in, in the case of the passive mode, causing increase in the current consumption and reduction in the specific resistivity to lower the reliability in the elements, and in the aspect of display characteristics, causing display unevenness and contrast reduction, and further, in the case of the active display elements, having a larger influence upon reduction in the reliability of display elements than that in the case of the passive display elements, coupled with the influence due to the drive current of two-terminal or three-terminal elements, thereby causing increase in the current consumption and reduction in the specific resistivity. In particular, the reduction in the specific resistivity often has a further secondary bad effect of reducing the display contrast. 
     At present, however, most compositions containing no CN group at the terminal group or at the side chain thereof are insufficient in the aspect of the drive voltage among the various specific features of the compositions. Thus, the low voltage drive as one of the advantages of liquid crystal display elements is often not made the best use of. Recently, in order to solve such problems, a number of compounds having one or two halogen atoms, particularly one or two fluorine atoms in the aspect of viscosity, at the terminal group or at the side chain thereof have been announced. 
     Examples of these compounds are as follows: ##STR2## 
     In these formulas, R represents a linear alkyl group. 
     Most of these compounds have been reported to be liquid crystal materials having a relatively good stability and a high reliability, but they have a relatively small Δε value of about +3 to +5, and liquid crystal compositions consisting only of these compounds have a small Δε value to make it impossible to reduce drive voltage. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the present invention is to solve these problems and provide a compound having a superior stability and a large positive Δε value. 
     The present invention resides in 
     a trifluorobenzene derivative expressed by the formula ##STR3##  wherein R represents an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms and one --CH 2  -- group or two not-adjacent --CH 2  -- groups present in said alkyl group may be replaced by an O atom and/or --CO--group and/or --COO--group and/or --CH═CH-- group, --A-- and --B-- each represent 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, l represents 0, 1 or 2, m represents 0, 1 or 2 and l+m≧1, and Z 1  and Z 2  each represent --COO--, --OCO--, --CH 2  CH 2  --, --OCH 2  --, --CH 2  O--, --CH═CH-- or a single bond and Z 1  and Z 2  may be the same or different, and a liquid crystal composition containing the above trifluorobenzene derivative. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     As the compound of the formula (I), compounds expressed by the following formulas Ia to Ii are mentioned: ##STR4## 
     In these formulas, R, Z 1 , Z 2  and m are as defined above. 
     Among the compounds of the above formulas, examples of particularly preferred compounds are expressed by the following formulas: ##STR5## 
     In these formulas, R represents an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms and one --CH 2  -- group or two not-adjacent --CH 2  -- groups present in the alkyl group may be replaced by an 0 atom and/or --CO-- group and/or --COO-- group and/or --CH═CH-- group, and R is particularly preferred to be a linear alkyl group although it may also be a branched alkyl group. The compound of the formula (I) having a branched alkyl group is more important in some cases for having an improved solubility in conventional liquid crystal bases, and particularly when such a compound is optically active, it is important as a chiral dopant. Such a kind of branched group has at most one branched chain. 
     The preparation of the compound of the present invention will be described. It may be carried out according to the process disclosed in the above-mentioned prior art literature. 
     For example, compounds expressed by the formulas Iaa, Ida and Idb may be respectively obtained by subjecting the corresponding ketone derivative and a Grignard reagent obtained from 1-bromo-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene to a coupling reaction to obtain an alcohol derivative, followed by subjecting this alcohol derivative to dehydration reaction in the presence of an acidic catalyst such as mineral acids e.g. sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc., Lewis acid, e.g. anhydrous aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, titanium tetrachloride, etc., organic acids, e.g. benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, etc., to obtain a cyclohexane derivative, and successively subjecting it to a catalytic reduction in the presence of a catalyst such as developed Raney nickel, palladium/carbon, etc. to obtain a cyclohexane derivative. This preparation is illustrated by the following equations: ##STR6## 
     Here, when an oxidative dehydrogenation agent such as chloranil, DDQ, etc. is reacted with cyclohexene derivatives expressed by the formulas Iaa&#39;, Ida&#39; and Idb&#39; at the reflux temperature of an inert organic solvent such as toluene, xylene, etc., compounds expressed by the following formulas Iba, Iga and Igb can be obtained: ##STR7## 
     Further, the compound expressed by the formula Igb is obtained by reacting 3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl with a substituted cyclohexyl acetyl chloride (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,797,228) in the presence of aluminium chloride to obtain a ketone derivative, followed by reducing this derivative. Further, a compound by the formula Iec can also be obtained in the same manner. 
     Further, compounds expressed by the formulas Iab, Iea and Ifa can be obtained by subjecting a substituted cyclohexyl acetyl chloride and a Grignard reagent prepared from 1-bromo-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene to a coupling reaction to obtain a ketone derivative and further reducing this derivative (see J. Chem, Soc., 2756 (1952)). The process is illustrated by the following reaction equations: ##STR8## 
     Compounds expressed by the formula Ica can be obtained by reacting a substituted cyclohexanone (see Japanese patent application laid-open No. Sho 57-167934/1982) with a Grignard reagent prepared from 1-bromo-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene, followed by the same procedure as that for obtaining compounds expressed by the formulas Iba, Iga and Igb. This process is illustrated by the following reaction equations: ##STR9## 
     Compounds expressed by the formulas Iha and Ihb can be obtained by reacting an amidine hydrochloride, prepared from a nitrile derivative and 1-bromo-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene according to the method disclosed in Org. Synt., Col. Vol. 1, P6 (1941), with β-ethoxyacrolein in the presence of a base such as NaOH, KOH, metal alcoholates, etc. This process is illustrated by the following equation: ##STR10## 
     Compounds expressed by the formulas Iia and Iib can be obtained by subjecting a benzaldehyde derivative prepared by reducing a benzonitrile derivative and a substituted propanediol prepared according to a method disclosed in Japanese patent application laid-open No. Sho 55-85583/1980 to a dehydrative condensation reaction in an inert organic solvent such as benzene, toluene, methylene chloride, etc. and in the presence of an acidic catalyst such as mineral acids, Lewis acids, organic acids, etc. This process may be illustrated by the following reaction equations: ##STR11## 
     Compounds expressed by the formulas Iac, Ieb, Ifb and Igc can be obtained by reacting a carboxylic acid chloride with 3,4,5-trifluorophenol in an inert organic solvent and in the presence of a base such as pyridine, diethylamine, triethylamine, etc. This process is illustrated by the following reaction equations: ##STR12## 
     These compounds may also be prepared according to processes other than the above-mentioned ones. 
     The liquid crystal composition of the present invention comprises 2 to 25 components, preferably 3 to 15 components containing at least one of the compounds of the formula (I). The constituent components other than the compounds of the formula (I) are preferred to be nematic substances, particularly those selected from known substances belonging to the group consisting of azoxybenzene compounds, benzylideneaniline compounds, biphenyl compounds, terphenyl compounds, phenyl- or cyclohexyl benzoate compounds, phenyl- or cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylate compounds, phenylcyclohexane compounds, cyclohexylbiphenyl compounds, cyclohexylcyclohexane compounds, cyclohexylnaphthalene compounds, 1,4-biscyclohexylbenzene compounds, 4,4&#39;-biscyclohexylbiphenyl compounds, phenylpyrimidine compounds or cyclohexylpyrimidine compounds, phenylpyridazine compounds or cyclohexylpyridazine compounds and their N-oxide compounds, phenyldioxane compounds or cyclohexyldioxane compounds, phenyl-1,3-dithian compounds or cyclohexyl-1,3-dithian compounds, 1,2-diphenylethane compounds, 1-phenyl-2-cyclohexylethane compounds, and 1,2-dicyclohexylethane compounds, and in some cases, halogenated stilbene compounds, benzyl phenyl ether compounds, tolan compounds and substituted cinnamic acid compounds. 
     The most important compounds suitable for the constituent components of the liquid crystal composition of the present invention can be expressed by the formula I&#39; 
     
         R&#39;--L--G--E--R&#34;                                            (I&#39;) 
    
     wherein L and E each represent a carbocyclic or heterocyclic compound belonging to the group consisting of 1,4-disubstituted benzenes, cyclohexane ring compounds, 4,4&#39;-disubstituted biphenyls, phenylcyclohexanes, cyclohexylcyclohexanes, 2,5-disubstituted naphthalenes, dihydronaphthalenes, tetrahydronaphthalenes, quinazolines and tetrahydroquinazolines, G represents --CH═CH--, --N(0)═N--, --CH═CY--, --CH═N(O)--, --C═C--, --CH 2  --CH 2  --, --CO--O--, --CH 2  O--, --CO--S--, --CH 2  S--, --CH═N--, --COO--Phe--COO--or a C--C single bond wherein Y represents a halogen atom, preferably chlorine atom or --CN--, and R&#39; and R&#34; each represent an alkyl, an alkoxy, an alkanoyloxy or an alkoxycarbonyloxy group each of up to 18, preferably 8 carbon atoms and one of these groups may be CN, NC, NO 2 , CF 3 , F, Cl or Br. 
     In most of these compounds, R&#39; and R&#34; are different from each other and either one of these groups is mostly an alkyl group or an alkoxy group. However, R&#39; and R&#34; may be replaced by other kinds of substitutents. These substances may be obtained according to known processes. The composition of the present invention contains at least one of the compounds of the formula (I) in a quantity of about 0.1 to 40% by weight. The composition of the present invention containing at least one of the compounds of the formula (I) in a quantity of 10 to 30% by weight is particularly preferred. The composition of the present invention is produced in a manner which itself is conventional. In general, the constituting constituent components are dissolved in one another, preferably at an elevated temperature. 
     The present invention will be described in more detail by way of Examples, but it should not be construed to be limited thereto. 
     C-I point, C-N point and N-I point in these Examples mean crystal-isotropic liquid phase transition point, crystal-nematic phase transition point and nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition point, respectively. All of the temperatures therein indicate ° C. 
     Example 1 
     Preparation of 1-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     (a compound of the formula Iaa wherein R is C 5  H 11  --) 
     (Compound No. 1) 
     A solution of 1-bromo-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene (10.7 g, 0.051 mol) dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (15 ml) was reacted with magnesium (1.24 g, 0.051 mol) in nitrogen gas current at about 20° C. to prepare a Grignard reagent followed by adding to this reaction solution, a solution of 4-pentylcyclohexanone (8.6 g, 0.051 mol) dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) at a rate at which the reaction temperature did not exceed 40° C. reacting the mixture while keeping the temperature at 50° C. for 2 hours, cooling the resulting material down to room temperature, adding 6N hydrochloric acid (5 ml) and water (50 ml) to the reaction solution, extracting a deposited oily substance with n-heptane (100 ml), washing the extract solution with water till it became neutral, distilling off n-heptane to obtain an oily substance of 1-(4-pentylcyclohexan-1-ol)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene, adding potassium hydrogen sulfate (2.0 g) to the oily substance, subjecting the mixture to dehydration reaction in nitrogen gas current at 180° C. for 2 hours, cooling the resulting material down to room temperature, adding water (100 ml) and n-heptane (100 ml), separating the resulting organic layer, washing till it became neutral, distilling off n-heptane to obtain an oily substance of 1-(4-pentylcyclohexen-1-yl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene, dissolving this oily substance in ethyl alcohol (50 ml), adding a developed Raney nickel (1.0 g), subjecting the mixture to catalytic reduction reaction at 25° C. under the atmospheric pressure till hydrogen absorption ceased, filtering off the Raney nickel after completion of the reaction, and recrystallizing the residue from ethyl alcohol to obtain 1-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene (2.2 g, 7.74 mmol). C-I point: 16.7° C. Its structure was confirmed by IR and NMR. 
     The following compounds were obtained in the same manner as above: 
     Compound No. 
     2. 1-(Trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     3. 1-(Trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     4. 1-(Trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     5. 1-(Trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     6. 1-(Trans-4-hexylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     7. 1-(Trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     8. 1-(Trans-4-octylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     9. 1-(Trans-4-nonylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     10. 1-(Trans-4-decylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Preparation of 1-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     (a compound of the formula Iab wherein R is C 4  H 9  --) 
     (Compound No. 11) 
     Trans-4-butylcyclohexylacetyl chloride (25 g, 0.115 mol) was dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (30 ml), followed by cooling the solution down to 0° C., adding iron acetylacetonate (0.81 g), agitating the mixture, adding a solution of a Grignard reagent prepared from 1-bromo-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene (25 g, 0.115 mol) and metallic magnesium (2.8 g, 0.115 mol), in tetrahydrofuran, at a rate at which the reaction temperature did not exceed 10° C., reacting the mixture at 5° C. or lower for 2 hours, adding 6N hydrochloric acid (10 ml) and water (100 ml) to the reaction solution, extracting a deposited oily substance with n-heptane (100 m(), washing the extract solution with a dilute alkali aqueous solution, washing with water till the washing water became neutral, drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate, distilling off n-heptane from the n-heptane solution, and recrystallizing the residue from ethyl alcohol to obtain 1-(trans-4butylcyclohexylacetyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene (21.0 g). C-I point: 42.8° C. This compound was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 ml), followed by adding 5% Pd supported on barium sulfate (0.5 g), subjecting the mixture to a catalytic reduction at 25° C. under 3 atm till hydrogen absorption ceased, filtering off the catalyst after completion of the reaction, and subjecting the reaction solution to a suitable purification treatment to obtain 1-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane (18.0 g). C-I point: 8.4° C. 
     The following compounds were obtained in the same manner as above: 
     Compound No. 
     12. 1-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     13. 1-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     14. 1-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     15. 1-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     16. 1-(trans-4-hexylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     17. 1-(trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     18. 1-(trans-4-octylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     19. 1-(trans-4-nonylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     20. 1-(trans-4-decylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Preparation of 4&#39;-pentyl-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl (a compound of the formula Iba wherein R is C 5  H 11  --) (Compound No. 21) 
     1-(4-Pentylcyclohexen-1-yl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene as an intermediate obtained in Example 1 (5 g) was dissolved in xylene (50 ml), followed by adding chloranil (4.5 g), reacting the mixture under reflux for 10 hours, cooling the resulting material down to room temperature, filtering off the resulting deposited hydroquinone derivative, washing the filtrate with a dilute alkali aqueous solution, washing with water till the washing water became neutral, drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate, distilling off xylene from the organic layer, dissolving the residue in n-hexane, purifying the solution according to silica gel column chromatography, collecting fractions exhibiting a single spot according to thin layer chromatography, distilling off n-hexane and recrystallizing the residue from ethyl alcohol to obtain 4&#39;-pentyl-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl (3.2 g). 
     The following compounds were obtained in the same manner as above. 
     Compound No. 
     22. 4&#39;-methyl-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 
     23. 4&#39;-ethyl-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 
     24. 4&#39;-propyl-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 
     25. 4&#39;-butyl-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 
     26. 4&#39;-hexyl-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 
     27. 4&#39;-heptyl-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 
     28. 4&#39;-octyl-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 
     29. 4&#39;-nonyl-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 
     30. 4&#39;-decyl-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Preparation of 1-[trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-cyclohexyl]-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     (a compound of the formula Ida wherein R is C 3  H 7  --) (Compound No. 31) 
     1-[Trans-4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene (2.1 g) was obtained from 4-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexanone (2.2 g) and 1-bromo-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene (2.0 g) in the same manner as in Example 1. 
     C-N point: 64.9° C. , N-I point: 93.8° C. 
     The following compounds were obtained in the same manner as above: 
     Compound No. 
     32. 1-[trans-4-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     33. 1-[trans-4-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     34. 1-[trans-4-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     35. 1-[trans-4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     36. 1-[trans-4-(trans-4-hexylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     37. 1-[trans 4-(trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     38. 1-[trans-4-(trans-4-octylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     39. 1-[trans-4-(trans-4-nonylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     40. 1-[trans-4-(trans-4-decylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     Preparation of 4&#39;-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 
     (a compound of the formula Iga wherein R is C 3  H 7  --) 
     (Compound No. 41) 
     Using 1-[4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexen-1-yl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene obtained as an intermediate in Example 4 and exhibiting liquid crystal phases (C-N point: 62.4° C., N-I point: 81.9° C.), as a starting raw material, 4&#39;-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3. 
     C-N point: 57.6° C., N-I point: 75.4° C. 
     The following compounds were obtained in the same manner as above: 
     Compound No. 
     42. 4&#39;-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 43. 4&#39;-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 44. 4&#39;-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 45. 4&#39;-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 46. 4&#39;-(trans-4-hexylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 47. 4&#39;-(trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 48. 4&#39;-(trans-4-octylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 49. 4&#39;-(trans-4-nonylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 50. 4&#39;-(trans-4-decylcyclohexyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     Preparation of 1-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-2-[trans-4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]ethane 
     (a compound of the formula Idb wherein R is C 3  H 7  --) 
     (Compound No. 51) 
     Using 4-[2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl]cyclohexanone and 1-bromo-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene as starting raw materials, 1-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-2-[trans-4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]ethane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. 
     C-N point: 49.7° C., N-I point: 83.4° C. 
     The following compounds were obtained in the same manner as above: 
     Compound No. 
     52. 1-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-2-[trans-4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]ethane 
     53. 1-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-2-[trans-4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]ethane 
     54. 1-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)-2-[trans-4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]ethane 
     55. 1-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-2-[trans-4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]ethane 
     56. 1-(trans-4-hexylcyclohexyl)-2-[trans-4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]ethane 
     57. 1-(trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl)-2-[trans-4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]ethane 
     58. 1-(trans-4-octylcyclohexyl)-2-[trans-4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]ethane 
     59. 1-(trans-4-nonylcyclohexyl)-2-[trans-4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]ethane 
     60. 1-(trans-4-decylcyclohexyl)-2-[trans-4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]ethane 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     Preparation of 1-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     (a compound of the formula Igb wherein R is C 2  H 5  --) (Compound No. 61) 
     Using 1-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-2-[4-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)cyclohexen-1-yl]ethane as an intermediate of compound No. 53, exhibiting liquid crystal phases (C-I point: 45.3° C., N-I point: 37.2° C.), as a starting raw material, 1-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3. C-I point: 43.0° C. N-I point: 37.4° C. 
     20 The following compounds were obtained in the same manner as above: 
     Compound No. 
     62. 1-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     63. 1-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     64. 1-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     65. 1-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     66. 1-(trans-4-hexylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobipheny-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     67. 1-(trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     68. 1-(trans-4-octylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     69. 1-(trans-4-nonylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     70. 1-(trans-4-decylcyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     Preparation of 4&#34;-butyl-3,4,5-trifluoroterphenyl 
     (a compound of the formula Ica wherein R is C 4  H 9  --) 
     (Compound No. 71) 
     Using 1-[4-(4-butylphenyl)cyclohexen-1-yl]-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene obtained by reacting 4-(4-butylphenyl)-cyclohexanone with 1-bromo-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene, as a starting raw material, 4&#34;-butyl-3,4,5-trifluoroterphenyl was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3. 
     The following compounds were obtained in the same manner as above: 
     Compound No. 
     72. 4&#34;-methyl-3,4,5-trifluoroterphenyl 
     73. 4&#34;-ethyl-3,4,5-trifluoroterphenyl 
     74. 4&#34;-propyl-3,4,5-trifluoroterphenyl 
     75. 4&#34;-pentyl-3,4,5-trifluoroterphenyl 
     76. 4&#34;-hexyl-3,4,5-trifluoroterphenyl 
     77. 4&#34;-heptyl-3,4,5-trifluoroterphenyl 
     78. 4&#34;-octyl-3,4,5-trifluoroterphenyl 
     79. 4&#34;-nonyl-3,4,5-trifluoroterphenyl 
     80. 4&#34;-decyl-3,4,5-trifluoroterphenyl 
     EXAMPLE 9 
     Preparation of 1-(trans,trans-4-propylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     (a compound of the formula Iea wherein R is C 3  H 7  --) (Compound No. 81) 
     Trans,trans-4-propylbicyclohexylacetyl chloride was reacted with a Grignard reagent prepared from 1-bromo-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene in the same manner as in Example 2 to obtain 1-(trans,trans-4-propylcyclohexylacetyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene (C-I point: 97.1° C.), followed by subjecting this compound to a reduction with 5% Pd supported on barium sulfate to obtain 1-(trans,trans-4-propylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane. 
     C-N point: 41.7° C., N-I point: 98.3° C. 
     The following compounds were obtained in the same manner as above: 
     Compound No. 
     82. 1-(trans,trans-4-methylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     83. 1-(trans,trans-4-ethylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-ethane 
     84. 1-(trans,trans-4-butylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     85. 1-(trans,trans-4-pentylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     86. 1-(trans,trans-4-hexylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     87. 1-(trans,trans-4-heptylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     88. 1-(trans,trans-4-octylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     89. 1-(trans,trans-4-nonylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     90. 1-(trans,trans-4-decylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     EXAMPLE 10 
     Preparation of 1-[trans-4-{2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl}cyclohexyl]-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     (a compound of the formula Ifa wherein R is C 3  H 7  --) (Compound No. 91) 
     Using trans-4-[2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl]-cyclohexylacetyl chloride and a Grignard reagent prepared from 1-bromo-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene, as starting raw materials, 1-[trans-4-{2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl}-cyclohexyl]-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2. 
     The following compounds were obtained in the same manner as above: 
     Compound No. 
     92. 1-[trans-4-{2-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)ethyl}-cyclohexyl]-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     93. 1-[trans-4-{2-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)ethyl}-cyclohexyl]-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     94. 1-[trans-4-{2-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)ethyl}-cyclohexyl]-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     95. 1-[trans-4-{2-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)ethyl}-cyclohexyl]-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     96. 1-[trans-4-{2-(trans-4-hexylcyclohexyl)ethyl}-cyclohexyl]-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     97. 1-[trans-4-{2-(trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl)ethyl}-cyclohexyl]-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     98. 1-[trans-4-{2-(trans-4-octylcyclohexyl)ethyl}- cyclohexyl]-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     99. 1-[trans-4-{2-(trans-4-nonylcyclohexyl)ethyl}-cyclohexyl]-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     100. 1-[trans-4-{2-(trans-4-decylcyclohexyl)ethyl}- cyclohexyl]-2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethane 
     EXAMPLE 11 
     Preparation of 1-(trans,trans-4-propylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     (a compound of the formula Iec wherein R is C 3  H 7  --) 
     (Compound No. 101) 
     3,4,5-Trifluorobiphenyl (10.4 g, 0.05 mol) was dissolved in CS 2  (50 ml), followed by cooling the solution down to 0° C., at a time adding anhydrous aluminum chloride (6.7 g, 0.05 mol). agitating the mixture, adding a solution of trans,trans-4-propylbicyclohexylacetyl chloride (14.3 g, 0.05 mol) dissolved in CS 2  (20 ml) at a rate at which the reaction temperature did not exceed 5° C., successively reacting the mixture for 3 hours, adding the reaction material into a dilute aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, extracting the deposited massive material with toluene (100 m(), washing the extract solution with a dilute alkali aqueous solution, washing with water till the washing water became neutral, drying the resulting toluene solution over anhydrous sodium sulfate, distilling off toluene and recrystallizing the residue from benzene to obtain 4&#39;-(trans,trans-4-propylcyclohexylacetyl)-3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl (18.4 g), dissolving this compound in ethyl acetate (100 ml), adding 5%-Pd supported on barium sulfate, subjecting the mixture to catalytic reduction at 25° C. under 3 atm, filtering off the catalyst after completion of the reaction and subjecting the reaction solution to a suitable purification treatment to obtain 1-(trans, trans-4-propylbicyclohexyl)2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane (12.8 g). 
     The following compounds were obtained in the same manner as above: 
     Compound No. 
     102. 1-(trans,trans-4-methylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     103. 1-(trans,trans-4-ethylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     104. 1-(trans,trans-4-butylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     105. 1-(trans,trans-4-pentylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     106. 1-(trans,trans-4-hexylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     107. 1-(trans,trans-4-heptylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     108. 1-(trans,trans-4-octylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     109. 1-(trans,trans-4-nonylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     110. 1-(trans,trans-4-decylbicyclohexyl)-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)ethane 
     EXAMPLE 12 
     Preparation of 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-propylcyclohexylcarboxylate 
     (a compound of the formula Iac wherein R is C 3  H 7  --) (Compound No. 111) 
     3,4,5-Trifluorophenol (5.0 g, 0.034 mol), which was obtained by reacting a Grignard reagent of 1-bromo-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene with acetyl chloride, oxidizing the resulting 1-acetyl-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene with a peracid to obtain 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl acetate and subjecting this acetate to hydrolysis reaction, was dissolved in dry pyridine (10 ml), followed by gradually adding trans-4-propyl-cyclohexylcarbonyl chloride (6.4 g), allowing the resulting reaction solution to stand at 50° C. for 3 hours, adding water (100 ml) to the reaction solution, extracting the resulting deposited oily substance with n-heptane (30 ml), washing the n-heptane solution with a dilute hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and then with a dilute alkali aqueous solution, further washing with water till the washing water became neutral, drying the n-heptane solution over anhydrous sodium sulfate, distilling off n-heptane and recrystallizing the resulting oily substance from ethyl alcohol to obtain 3,4,5-trifluorophenyltrans-4-propylcyclohexyl carboxylate (6.5 g).C-I: 4.5° C. 
     The following compounds were obtained in the same manner as above: 
     Compound No. 
     112. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-methylcyclohexylcarboxylate 
     113. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-ethylcyclohexylcarboxylate 
     114. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-butylcyclohexylcarboxylate 
     115. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-pentylcyclohexylcarboxylate 
     116. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-hexylcyclohexylcarboxylate 
     117. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-heptylcyclohexylcarboxylate 
     118. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-octylcyclohexylcarboxylate 
     119. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-nonylcyclohexylcarboxylate 
     120. 3,4,5-,trifluorophenyl-trans-4-decylcyclohexylcarboxylate 
     121. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans,trans-4-methylbicyclohexylcarboxylate 
     122. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans,trans-4-ethylbicyclohexylcarboxylate 
     123. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans,trans-4-propylbicyclohexyloarboxylate (C-N: 52.1° C., N-I: 117  °C.) 
     124. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans,trans-4-butylbicyclohexylcarboxylate 
     125. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans,trans-4-pentylbicyclohexylcarboxylate 
     126. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans,trans-4-hexylbicyclohexylcarboxylate 
     127. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans,trans-4-heptylbicyclohexylcarboxylate 
     128. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans,trans-4-octylbicyclohexylcarboxylate 
     129. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans,trans-4-nonylbicyclohexylcarboxylate 
     130. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans,trans-4-decylbicyclohexylcarboxylate 
     131. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-methylcyclohexylbenzoate 
     132. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-ethylcyclohexylbenzoate 
     133. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-propylcyclohexylbenzoate (C-I: 96.9° C., N-I: 73.7° C.). 
     134. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-butylcyclohexylbenzoate 
     135. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-pentylcyclohexylbenzoate 
     136. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-hexylcyclohexylbenzoate 
     137. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-heptylcyclohexylbenzoate 
     138. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-octylcyclohexylbenzoate 
     139. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-nonylcyclohexylbenzoate 
     140. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-decylcyclohexylbenzoate 
     141. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-[2-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)ethyl]cyclohexylcarboxylate 
     142. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-[2-(trans-4-ethylcyclohexyl)ethyl]cyclohexylcarboxylate 
     143. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-[2-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)ethyl]cyclohexylcarboxylate 
     144. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-[2-(trans-4-butylcyclohexyl)ethyl]cyclohexylcarboxylate 
     145. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-[2-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)ethyl]cyclohexylcarboxylate 
     146. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-[2-(trans-4-hexylcyclohexyl)ethyl]cyclohexylcarboxylate 
     147. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-[2-(trans-4-heptylcyclohexyl)ethyl]cyclohexylcarboxylate 
     148. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-[2-(trans-4-octylcyclohexyl)ethyl]cyclohexylcarboxylate 
     149. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-[2-(trans-4-nonylcyclohexyl)ethyl]cyclohexylcarboxylate 
     150. 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl-trans-4-[2-(trans-4-decylcyclohexyl)ethyl]cyclohexylcarboxylate 
     EXAMPLE 13 
     Preparation of 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-pentyl-1,3-dioxane 
     (a compound of the formula Iia wherein R is C 5  H 11  --) (Compound No. 151) 
     3,4,5-Trifluorobenzaldehyde (1.6 g, 0.01 mol), which was obtained by cyanogenating 1-bromo-3,4,5-trifluorobenzene and reducing the resulting 3,4,5-trifluorobenzonitrile with diisobutylaluminum hydride , 2-pentyl-1,3-diol (1.5 g, 0.01 mol), which was obtained according to the process disclosed in Japanese patent application laid-open No. Sho 55-85583/1980, and p-toluene sulfonic acid (10 mg) were dissolved in dry toluene (30 m(), followed by reacting the solution under reflux for one hour while removing water formed by the reaction to the outside of the system, to complete the reaction, allowing the reaction solution to cool down to room temperature, adding water to the reaction material, washing the resulting toluene solution with a dilute alkali aqueous solution and then with water till the washing water became neutral, drying the toluene solution over anhydrous sodium sulfate, distilling off toluene and subjecting the residue to a suitable purification treatment to obtain 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-pentyl-1,3-dioxane (1.6 g). 
     The following compounds were obtained in the same manner as above: 
     Compound No. 
     152. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxane 
     153. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-ethyl-1,3-dioxane 
     154. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-propyl-1,3-dioxane 
     155. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-butyl-1,3-dioxane 
     156. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-pentyl-1,3-dioxane 
     157. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-hexyl-1,3-dioxane 
     158. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-octyl-1,3-dioxane 
     159. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-nonyl-1,3-dioxane 
     160. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-decyl-1,3-dioxane 
     161. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxane 
     162. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-ethyl-1,3-dioxane 
     163. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-propyl-1,3-dioxane 
     164. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-butyl-1,3-dioxane 
     165. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-pentyl-1,3-dioxane 
     166. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-hexyl-1,3-dioxane 
     167. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-heptyl-1,3-dioxane 
     168. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-octyl-1,3-dioxane 
     169. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-nonyl-1,3-dioxane 
     170. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-decyl-1,3-dioxane 
     EXAMPLE 14 
     Preparation of 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-pentyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     (a compound of the formula Iha wherein R is C 5  H 11  --) (Compound No. 171) 
     3,4,5-Trifluorobenzamidine hydrochloride (12.6 g) and α-pentyl-β-ethoxyacrolein (10.2 g) were added into a solution of sodium methylate prepared by dissolving sodium (2.8 g) in anhydrous methanol (20 m(), followed by reacting the mixture at the reflux temperature with stirring for 6 hours, distilling off methanol after completion of the reaction, adding toluene (20 ml) to the reaction residue, extracting the resulting material, washing the resulting toluene extract solution with water till the washing water became neutral, drying the toluene layer over anhydrous sodium sulfate, distilling off toluene and recrystallizing the resulting oily residue from ethyl alcohol to obtain 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-pentyl-1,3-pyrimidine (7.8 g). 
     The following compounds were obtained in the same manner as above: 
     Compound No. 
     172. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     173. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-ethyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     174. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-propyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     175. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-butyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     176. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-hexyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     177. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-heptyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     178. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-octyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     179. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-nonyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     180. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-5-decyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     181. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-methyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     182. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-ethyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     183. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-propyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     184. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-butyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     185. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-pentyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     186. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-hexyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     187. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-heptyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     188. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-octyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     189. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-nonyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     190. 2-(3,4,5-trifluorobiphenyl-4&#39;-yl)-5-decyl-1,3-pyrimidine 
     Use example 1 
     A liquid crystal composition A consisting of ##STR13## exhibited an N-I point of 112.4° C., a viscosity at 25° C. of 25.7 cP and a Δn of 0.081. This liquid crystal composition was sealed in a TN cell of 8.7 μm thick and the threshold voltage was observed to exhibit 2.56 V. When 15 parts by weight of a compound (Compound No. 1 of Example 1 of the present invention) were added to 85 parts by weight of the above liquid crystal composition, the resulting liquid crystal composition exhibited an N-I point of 77.7° C. and a viscosity at 20° C. of 17.9 cP. This liquid crystal composition was sealed in the above TN cell and when its threshold voltage was observed, it lowered down to 1.94 V. 
     Use example 2 
     A liquid crystal composition consisting of 85 parts by weight of the liquid crystal composition A used in Use example 1 and 15 parts by weight of a compound (Compound No. 31) shown in Example 4 of the present invention was prepared. This liquid crystal composition exhibited an N-I point of 110.7° C. and a viscosity at 20° C. of 25.0 cP. When this liquid crystal composition was sealed in the above-mentioned TN cell, the resulting threshold voltage was 2.32 V. 
     Use example 3 
     A liquid crystal composition consisting of 85 parts by weight of the liquid crystal composition used in Use example 1 and 15 parts by weight of a compound shown in Example 6 (Compound No. 51) was prepared. This liquid crystal composition exhibited an N-I point of 107.4° C. and a viscosity at 20° C. of 24.9 cP. When this composition was sealed in the above TN cell, the resulting threshold voltage was 2.12 V. 
     Use example 4 
     A liquid crystal composition consisting of 85 parts by weight of the liquid crystal composition used in Use example 1 and 15 parts by weight of a compound of the present invention shown in Example 9 (Compound No. 81) was prepared. This liquid crystal composition exhibited an N-I point of 110.0° C. and a viscosity at 20° C. of 25.7 cP. When this liquid crystal composition was sealed in the above-mentioned TN cell, the resulting threshold voltage was 2.38 V. 
     The compound provided by the present invention has a large dielectric anisotropy value Δε and a low viscosity; hence when the compound is used, it is possible to reduce the driving voltage of the resulting liquid crystal composition without raising its viscosity.