Abstract:
A toner particle adapted for use in electrostatic image formation comprising:  
     a polymer; and  
     white particulate matter dispersed in the polymer in an amount sufficient, such that, when said toner is printed on a substrate, a white, substantially opaque image is produced.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    The present application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/322,174 filed May 28, 1999 which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/930,430, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,908,729 which is the U.S. National Stage of PCT/NL95/00193, filed Jun. 6, 1995, and claims priority from Israel Application No. 113302 filed Apr. 7, 1995. The entire disclosure of 09/322,174 and 08/930,430 are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The present invention relates to an improved electrostatic processes for printing or coating on polymer films and surfaces with toner and toner inks. The invention specifically relates to a method of achieving high quality high contrast colored or multi-colored images in continuous roll printing on transparent, flexible packaging films.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    The coating of plastic films or surfaces e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. for aesthetic or functional purposes is of great utility and importance. A major use of such films is in food packaging.  
           [0004]    Electrostatic printing has inherent advantages which would appear to make it particularly desirable for printing on plastic films. The inherent advantages include adaptability to short runs economically, high resolution, on demand printing and good visibility. However, at present, printing on transparent films, especially multi-color printing is commercially performed in multi-head presses, and only in long runs.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0005]    It is an object of certain aspects of the present invention to produce improved quality color images electrostatically on transparent plastic films and substrates.  
           [0006]    Color integrity of multi-color images is improved by optimizing the image forming and transfer stages of the printing process.  
           [0007]    In order to improve the visibility of color images printed on the inner surface of transparent flexible packaging, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the color image is overcoated with a substantially opaque toner layer at least in those portions of the packaging which are printed with color toners. Thus on the packaging material, at least one color toner layer is situated closest to the material, and a white or other opaque layer is situated behind the colored layer or layers, i.e., further away from the material. Such images are viewed from the unprinted side of the substrate.  
           [0008]    Alternatively, the complete multi-layer image is printed with the opaque layer uppermost on the intermediate transfer member so that, when the image is transferred to the substrate, the opaque layer is closest to the substrate. Such images are viewed from the printed side of the substrate.  
           [0009]    Additionally, the white toner layer may also extend past the edges of the colored layers and directly contact the packaging material.  
           [0010]    In order to avoid unnecessary alignment and registration steps, the different color images involved are sequentially transferred from an image forming surface onto an intermediate transfer member, each in alignment with previous images. The intermediate transfer member is heated so that each color image coalesces into a cohesive film, in which the respective color pigments are held so that they do not diffuse into other layers. Mixing of colors, especially with the opaque pigment is detrimental to image quality.  
           [0011]    Each complete multi-color image is subsequently transferred from the intermediate transfer member to the substrate.  
           [0012]    Another object of certain aspects of the present invention is to provide a process for printing toner polymer images on ionomer (high or low molecular weight) or ethylene vinyl acetate coatings on polymer surfaces, thereby achieving improved qualities. The toner polymer images may be based on high molecular weight ionomers, e.g. Surlyns, low molecular weight ionomers, e.g. Aclyns, ionomers having an intermediate molecular weight, ethylene vinyl acetate polymers and ethelene copolymers or terpolymers e.g., Bynels and Nucrels, to achieve improved qualities, such as sealability, adhesiveness, food compatibility, and others.  
           [0013]    In other aspects of the invention special toners, including opaque white, silver, gold and fluorescent toners have been prepared by adding pigments to a hot ionomer solution, preferably of low molecular weight ionomers, and stirring the mixture as it cools. This procedure has been used to prepare gold, silver, white opaque TiO 2  based, magnetic and fluorescent inks, respectively.  
           [0014]    There is thus provided, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a printing process for forming high contrast color images on polymer surfaces, comprising:  
           [0015]    (a) forming a layer of substantially opaque liquid toner comprising polymer based toner particles and a carrier liquid, on an imaging surface;  
           [0016]    (b) transferring the layer to an intermediate transfer member;  
           [0017]    (c) heating the layer on the intermediate transfer member to a temperature at which the toner particles at least partially coalesce;  
           [0018]    (d) repeating (a) to (c) sequentially for at least one subsequent layer in at least one color, said at least one subsequent layer being transferred to the intermediate transfer member onto the opaque layer to form multiple layers on the intermediate transfer member; and  
           [0019]    (e) transferring the multiple layers to a polymer surface.  
           [0020]    There is further provided, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a printing process for forming high contrast color images on polymer surfaces, comprising:  
           [0021]    (a) forming a colored layer of liquid toner comprising polymer based toner particles and a carrier liquid, on an imaging surface;  
           [0022]    (b) transferring the layer to an intermediate transfer member;  
           [0023]    (c) heating the layer on the intermediate transfer member to a temperature at which the toner particles at least partially coalesce;  
           [0024]    (d) repeating (a) to (c) sequentially for at least a substantially opaque liquid toner layer, said substantially opaque layer being transferred to the intermediate transfer member onto the colored layer to a plurality of layers on the intermediate transfer member; and  
           [0025]    (e) transferring the plurality of layers to a polymer surface.  
           [0026]    Preferably, forming a layer comprises:  
           [0027]    (i) charging a photoreceptor surface;  
           [0028]    (ii) selectively discharging portions of the charged photoreceptor surface to form a predefined electrostatic image; and  
           [0029]    (iii) developing a layer of charged opaque white toner particles onto the selectively discharged portions of the photoreceptor surface thereby providing a developed image corresponding to the latent image.  
           [0030]    There is further provided, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a printing process comprising:  
           [0031]    (a) forming a liquid toner image comprising toner particles based on a first polymer and a carrier liquid, on an imaging surface;  
           [0032]    (b) transferring the image to a surface coated with a second polymer; and  
           [0033]    (c) fusing and fixing the image to the surface coating, wherein the second polymer is either an ionomer or an ethylene vinyl acetate polymer.  
           [0034]    Preferably, the second polymer is either an ionomer or an ethylene vinyl acetate polymer high molecular weight ionomers, e.g. Surlyns, low molecular weight ionomers, e.g. Aclyns, ionomers having an intermediate molecular weight, ethylene vinyl acetate polymers and ethelene copolymers or terpolymers e.g., Bynels and Nucrels.  
           [0035]    There is further provided, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a printing process comprising:  
           [0036]    (a) forming a liquid toner image comprising toner particles based on a first polymer and a carrier liquid, on an imaging surface;  
           [0037]    (b) transferring the image to a surface coated with a second polymer; and  
           [0038]    (c) fusing and fixing the image to the surface coating, wherein the first and second polymer is an ionomer.  
           [0039]    Preferably, the first polymer is comprises an ionomer, more preferably the same ionomer as the second polymer.  
           [0040]    There is further provided, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a toner particle comprising:  
           [0041]    a polymer; and  
           [0042]    flakes of metal.  
           [0043]    Preferably, the flakes which may be of gold or silver, have a dimension greater than about 4 micrometers, more preferably than 6 micrometers.  
           [0044]    There is further provided, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a toner particle comprising:  
           [0045]    a polymer; and  
           [0046]    a fluorescent material, preferably in the form of particles having a size greater than 2 micrometers.  
           [0047]    Preferably, the polymer in the above toner particles is a low molecular weight ionomer. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0048]    The invention will be more clearly understood from the following description of preferred embodiments thereof in conjunction with the following drawings which:  
         [0049]    [0049]FIG. 1 is a simplified sectional illustration of electrostatic imaging apparatus constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and  
         [0050]    [0050]FIG. 2 is a simplified enlarged sectional illustration of the apparatus of FIG. 1. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0051]    Reference is now made to FIGS. 1 and 2 which illustrate a multi color electrostatic imaging system constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 there is provided an imaging sheet, preferably an organic photoreceptor  12 , typically mounted on a rotating drum  10 . Drum  10  is rotated about its axis by a motor or the like (not shown), in the direction of arrow  18 , past charging apparatus  14 , preferably a corotron, scorotron or roller charger or other suitable charging apparatus as are known in the art and which is adapted to charge the surface of sheet photoreceptor  12 . The image to be reproduced is focused by an imager  16  upon the charged surface  12  at least partially discharging the photoconductor in the areas struck by light, thereby forming an electrostatic latent image. Thus, the latent image normally includes image areas at a first electrical potential and background areas at another electrical potential.  
         [0052]    A preferred photoreceptor sheet and preferred methods of mounting it on drum  10  are described in a co-pending application of Belinkov et al., IMAGING APPARATUS AND PHOTORECEPTOR THEREFOR, filed Sep. 7, 1994 assigned Ser. No. 08/301,775 and in corresponding applications in other countries, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively, photoreceptor  12  may be deposited on the drum  10  and may form a continuous surface. Furthermore, photoreceptor  12  may be a non-organic type photoconductor based, for example, on a compound of selenium.  
         [0053]    Also associated with drum  10  and photoreceptor sheet  12 , in a preferred embodiment of the invention, are a multicolor liquid developer spray assembly  20 , a developing assembly  22 , color specific cleaning blade assemblies  34 , a background cleaning station  24 , an electrified squeegee  26 , a background discharge device  28 , an intermediate transfer member  30 , cleaning apparatus  32 , and, optionally, a neutralizing lamp assembly  36 . Developing assembly  22  preferably includes a development roller  38 . Development roller  38  is preferably spaced from photoreceptor  12  thereby forming a gap therebetween of typically 40 to 150 micrometers and is charged to an electrical potential intermediate that of the image and background areas of the image. Development roller  38  is thus operative, when maintained at a suitable voltage, to apply an electric field to aid development of the latent electrostatic image.  
         [0054]    Development roller  38  typically rotates in the same sense as drum  10  as indicated by arrow  40 . This rotation provides for the surface of sheet  12  and development roller  38  to have opposite velocities at the gap between them.  
         [0055]    In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, an opaque white background image is initially developed on the photoreceptor surface and transferred to an intermediate transfer member  30 . The background image is heated to a temperature that causes the white toner particles in the presence of carrier liquid to at least partially coalesce, preferably into a cohesive film, i.e., the toner pigment is fixed in the layer in which it was deposited so that mixing of different color pigments in various layers is prevented. This is essential for the achievement of good color quality and contrast in the final composite image. Subsequent images in different colors are individually developed and sequentially transferred in alignment with the previous image onto intermediate transfer member  30 , which is heated as before so that each color forms a cohesive non-diffusive layer.  
         [0056]    It should be noted that each of the layers is a viscous liquid and that while heating does cause the layers to coalesce, the balance between viscosity and surface tension of the layers is apparently such that the individual layers have only minimal mixing.  
         [0057]    When all of the desired images have been transferred to intermediate transfer member  30 , the complete multi-color image is transferred therefrom to substrate  72 . Impression roller  71  only produces operative engagement between intermediate transfer member  30  and substrate  72  when transfer of the composite image to substrate  72  takes place, preferably with heat and pressure. Substrate  72  which is preferably a transparent flexible polymer film is fed from a feeder roller  77  and is taken up by take up roller  78 . The printing process when carried out as described produces a high contrast high colored quality image.  
         [0058]    Preferably, the motion of the polymer film is halted during the accumulation of the layers on the intermediate transfer member. Just prior to the transfer, the film is accelerated to a velocity substantially equal to the surface velocity of the intermediate transfer member, such that there is substantially zero relative motion between them at the time of contact. Furthermore, between transfers, the film is preferably partially rewound so that, after the acceleration, only a minimal blank space is left unprinted.  
         [0059]    Multicolor liquid developer spray assembly  20 , whose operation and structure is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,117,263, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, may be mounted on axis  42  to allow assembly  20  to be pivoted in such a manner that a spray of liquid toner containing electrically charged pigmented toner particles can be directed either onto a portion of the development roller  38 , a portion of the photoreceptor  12  or directly into a development region  44  between photoreceptor  12  and development roller  38 . Alternatively, assembly  20  may be fixed. Preferably, the spray is directed onto a portion of the development roller  38 .  
         [0060]    Color specific cleaning blade assemblies  34  are operatively associated with developer roller  38  for separate removal of residual amounts of each colored toner remaining thereon after development. Each of blade assemblies  34  is selectably brought into operative association with developer roller  38  only when toner of a color corresponding thereto is supplied to development region  44  by spray assembly  20 . The construction and operation of cleaning blade assemblies is described in PCT Publication WO 90/14619 and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,289,238, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.  
         [0061]    Each cleaning blade assembly  34  includes a toner directing member  52  which serves to direct the toner removed by the cleaning blade assemblies  34  from the developer roller  38  to separate collection containers  54 ,  56 ,  58 ,  60 ,and  68  and for each color to prevent contamination of the various developers by mixing of the colors. The toner collected by the collection containers is recycled to a corresponding toner reservoir ( 55 ,  57 ,  59 ,  61  and  63 ). And a final toner directing member  62  always engages the developer roller  38  and the toner collected thereat is supplied into collection container  64  and thereafter to reservoir  65  via separator  66  which is operative to separate relatively clean carrier liquid from the various colored toner particles. The separator  66  may be typically of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,985,732, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.  
         [0062]    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, as described in PCT Publication WO 92/13297, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, where the imaging speed is very high, a background cleaning station  24  typically including a reverse roller  46  and a wetting roller  48  is provided. Reverse roller  46  which rotates in a direction indicated by arrow  50  is preferably electrically biased to a potential intermediate that of the image and background areas of photoconductive drum  10 , but different from that of the development roller. Reverse roller  46  is preferably spaced apart from photoreceptor sheet  12  thereby forming a gap therebetween which is typically 40 to 150 micrometers.  
         [0063]    Wetting roller  48  is preferably partly immersed in a fluid bath  47 , which preferably contains carrier liquid received from carrier liquid reservoir  65  via conduit  88 . Wetting roller  48 , which preferably rotates in the same sense as that of drum  10  and reverse roller  46 , operates to wet photoreceptor sheet  12  with non-pigmented carrier liquid upstream of reverse roller  46 . The liquid supplied by wetting roller  48  replaces the liquid removed from drum  10  by development assembly  22 , thus allowing the reverse roller  46  to remove charged pigmented toner particles by electrophoresis from the background areas of the latent image. Excess fluid is removed from reverse roller  46  by a liquid directing member  70  which continuously engages reverse roller  46  to collect excess liquid containing toner particles of various colors which is in turn supplied to reservoir  65  via collection container  64  and separator  66 .  
         [0064]    Wetting roller  48  is preferably electrically biased to a potential intermediate that of the image and background areas of photoconductive drum  10 , but different from that of the development roller. This biasing of wetting roller  48  assists in removing toner particles from the background areas of photoreceptor sheet  12 . Wetting roller  48  is preferably spaced apart from photoreceptor sheet  12  thereby forming a gap therebetween which is typically 40 to 200 micrometers.  
         [0065]    The apparatus embodied in reference numerals  46 ,  47 ,  48  and  70  is generally not required for low speed systems, but is preferably included in high speed systems.  
         [0066]    Preferably, an electrically biased squeegee roller  26  is urged against the surface of sheet  12  and is operative to remove liquid carrier from the background regions and to compact the image and remove liquid carrier therefrom in the image regions. Squeegee roller  26  is preferably formed of resilient slightly conductive polymeric material as is well known in the art, and is preferably charged to a potential of several hundred to a few thousand volts with the same polarity as the polarity of the charge on the toner particles.  
         [0067]    Discharge device  28  is operative to flood sheet  12  with light which discharges the voltage remaining on sheet  12 , mainly to reduce electrical breakdown and improve transfer of the image to intermediate transfer member  30 . Operation of such a device in a write black system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,280,326, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.  
         [0068]    [0068]FIGS. 1 and 2 further show that multicolor toner spray assembly  20  receives separate supplies of colored toner typically from five different reservoirs  55 ,  57 ,  59 ,  61  and  63 . FIG. 1 shows five different colored toner reservoirs  55 ,  57 ,  59 ,  61  and  63 , typically containing the colors Yellow, Magenta, Cyan, black and white, respectively. In addition, reservoir  65  contains relatively clean carrier liquid whose operation was described. Pumps  90 ,  92 ,  94 ,  96  and  108 , may be provided along respective supply conduits  98 ,  101 ,  103 ,  105 , and  107 , for providing a desired amount of pressure to feed the colored toner to multicolor spray assembly  20 . Alternatively, multicolor toner spray assembly  20 , which is preferably a three level spray assembly, receives supplies of colored toner from up to six different reservoirs (a sixth reservoir marked S is shown) which allows for custom colored toners in addition to the standard process colors, black and white.  
         [0069]    Toners that can be used with the present invention are described in Example 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 4,794,651, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference or variants thereof as are well known in the art. For colored liquid developers, carbon black is replaced by color pigments as is well known in the art. Other toners may alternatively be employed, including liquid toners and, as indicated above, including powder toners.  
         [0070]    Other toners for use in the invention can be prepared using the following method:  
         [0071]    1) Solubilizing 1400 grams of Nucrel 925 (ethylene copolymer by Dupont) and 1400 g of Isopar L (Exxon) are thoroughly mixed in an oil heated Ross Double Planetary Mixer at least 24 RPM for 1.5 hours, with the oil temperature at 130° C. 1200 g of preheated Isopar L is added and mixing is continued for an additional hour. The mixture is cooled to 45° C., while stirring is continued over a period of several hours, to form a viscous material.  
         [0072]    2) Milling and Grinding 762 grams of the result of the Solubilizing step are ground in a  1 S attritor (Union Process Inc. Akron Ohio), charged with {fraction (3/16)}″ carbon steel balls at 250 RPM, together with 66.7 grams of Mogul L carbon black (Cabot), 6.7 grams of BT 583D (blue pigment produced by Cookson), 5 grams of aluminum stearate (Riedel Dehaen) and an additional 1459.6 grams of Isopar L for eight hours at 30° C.  
         [0073]    3) Continuation of Grinding 34.5 grams of ACumist A-12 (a micronised polyethylene wax produced by Allied Signal) is added and grinding is continued for an additional 4 hours.  
         [0074]    The resulting particles are fibrous particles have a measured diameter in the range of 1-3 micrometers.  
         [0075]    The resulting material is diluted with additional Isopar L and Marcol 82 to give a working developer in which the dry solids portion is about 1.7% and in which the overall ratio of Isopar L to Marcol is between about 50:1 and 500:1, more preferably between about 100:1 and 200:1. Charge director as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/915,291 (utilizing lecithin, BBP and ICIG3300B) and in WO 94/02887, in an amount approximately equal to 40 mg/gm of solids in the final dispersion, is added to charge the toner particles. Other charge directors and additional additives as are known in the art may also be used.  
         [0076]    The above described process produces a black toner. Cyan, magenta and yellow toners can be produced by using a different mix of materials for step 2). For Cyan toner, 822 g of the solubilized material, 21.33 grams each of BT 583D and BT 788D pigments (Cookson), 1.73 grams of D1355DD pigment (BASF), 7.59 grams of aluminum stearate and 1426 grams of Isopar L are used in step 2. For Magenta toner, 810 grams of solubilized material, 48.3 grams of Finess Red F 2 B, 6.81 grams of aluminum stearate and 1434.2 grams of Isopar L are used in step 2. For yellow toner 810 grams of solubilized material, 49.1 grams of D1355DD pigment, 6.9 grams of aluminum stearate and 1423 grams of Isopar L are used in step 2.  
         [0077]    Other preferred liquid toners for use in the present invention are prepared as follows: 300 grams of a chargeable low molecular weight ionomer Aclyn 293A (made by Allied Signal) were solubilized in 1500 grams of Isopar-L with heating to 110°-120° C. while stirring. To form inks, dispersed pigments or color particles are added to and mixed with the hot solubilized polymer. The composition is allowed to cool while stirring.  
         [0078]    The following liquid toner inks were prepared in this way:  
       TiO 2  Based Opaque White Toner Ink  
       [0079]    A preferred opaque white ink in accordance with the present invention is prepared by adding 200 grams of finely divided TiO 2  pigment, having an average diameter of about 0.5 micrometers to the solubilized polymer while stirring. The mixture is allowed to cool and settle with continuous stirring. Charge director, as described above or other charged directors as known in the art, and additional Isopar L and MARCOL 82 carrier liquid are added to form a liquid toner. The opaque white liquid toner so obtained is used, as previously mentioned, to enhance the quality of color images when it serves as a back layer for color contrast. The median pigmented toner particle size in the toner is 4.81 micrometers.  
         [0080]    An alternative preferred method for producing white toner ink concentrate, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of (1) plasticizing 35% Nucrel 699 (ethylene-metacrylic acid copolymer by DuPont) in Isopar L (EXXON) by heating the materials in a Ross double planetary mixer to 150° C. while mixing the materials and allowing the mixture to cool while mixing continues until the mixture is fully mixed and homogeneous; (2) mixing 3071 grams of the mixture produced by step (1) with 1075 grams of KRONOS 2310 titanium dioxide (NL Chemicals) and 4454 grams of Isopar L in a Ross type LAB ME high shear mixer until the new mixture is completely homogeneous; and (3) grinding the mixture at about 56° C. (the temperature of the mixture without cooling) for 16 hours in a SEECO M18 Vibratory Mill charged with ⅜″ zirconia media. The resultant toner has a median diameter of about 3 microns.  
         [0081]    The material is charged and diluted as described above and 3 micrometer micron particles of TEFLON M1200 are optionally added to act as protective spacers against abrasion for the final image.  
         [0082]    Other inks are prepared in a manner similar to the first method for producing white toner ink and provided the following results:  
       Gold Toner Ink  
       [0083]    Aclyn 293A, (made by Allied Signal) 150 grams, and Isopar-L, 800 grams, are heated with mixing in a glass beaker, at a temperature of 110°-120° C. 100 grams of 6-10 micrometer gold flakes (made by SCHLENK) are slowly added and mixing is continued for 5 minutes. The temperature is allowed to fall to 90° C.  
         [0084]    The composition is mixed at high shear (ROSS HIGH SHEAR MIXER) for 1 minute and cooled, while mixing, to room temperature while mixing is continued at 250 RPM.  
         [0085]    Final ink median particle size as measured by a SCHIMADZU PARTICLE SIZE ANALYZER is 18.6 micrometers.  
         [0086]    The ink was tested in an E-PRINT 1000 (using the single final transfer mode described above and separate transfer of individual colors to the final substrates) printer (INDIGO, N.V.) giving metallic gold prints which are free of background contamination. It should be noted that this method of preparing gold ink (and the other inks described below), without grinding, results in large reflective gold particles being laid onto the substrate. While the flakes are unaligned in the toner, when the toner is formed into a thin layer during heating and fixing to the substrate, the flakes selectively align themselves to give good specular reflection.  
       Silver Ink  
       [0087]    The materials used in the preparation are 300 grams Aclyn293A (made by Allied Signal), 1500 grams Isopar-L and 100 Grams silver flakes 6-10 micrometers (made by SCHLENK). The same procedure as for gold ink is used to obtain ink with a median particle size of 8.2 micrometers.  
         [0088]    The ink was tested in both printing modes, in the printer giving metallic silver prints without background contamination.  
       Magnetic Ink  
       [0089]    The materials used in the preparation are 20 grams Aclyn293A (made by Allied Signal), 37 grams MO 4431 magnetic oxide (made by ISK MAGNETICS) with a particle size of 8-10 micrometers and 180 grams Isopar-L. The same procedure as for gold ink is used to obtain magnetic ink with a median particle size of 9.08 micrometers as measured by SCHIMADZU Particle Size Analyzer.  
         [0090]    When the magnetic ink is deposited at a mass/area of 0.26 mg./sq.cm., the resultant layer has a magnetic signal of 82% of standard as measured by a NMI apparatus marketed by Checkmate Electronics, and an optical density of 1.5 (transmittance).  
       Fluorescent Ink  
       [0091]    The materials used in the preparation are 500 grams Aclyn293A (made by Allied Signal), 333.3 grams fluorescent pigment RC15 (made by RADIANT COLOR) having a median particle size of 2.5-4.5 micrometers and 1500 grams Isopar-L.  
         [0092]    The resin is solubilized by the ISOPAR L in a ROSS DOUBLE PLANETARY MIXER heated at 110° C.  
         [0093]    The pigment is predispersed and wetted by using a warm solution of Aclyn293A, then adding the predispersed pigment gradually into the double planetary mixer. The material is mixed for about 10 minutes, while heating is maintained, to obtain a homogeneous composition. Heating is stopped and mixing is continued for an additional 1.5 hours to obtain toner concentrate with a particle size of 3.82 micrometers. Working dispersions are prepared using a high shear mixer.  
         [0094]    Intermediate transfer member  30  may be any suitable intermediate transfer member having a multilayered transfer portion such as those described below or in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,089,856 or 5,047,808 or in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/371,117, filed Jan. 11, 1995 and entitled IMAGING APPARATUS AND INTERMEDIATE TRANSFER BLANKET THEREFOR (and in corresponding applications in other countries), the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Member  30  is maintained at a suitable voltage and temperature for electrostatic transfer of the image thereto from the image bearing surface. Intermediate transfer member  30  is preferably associated with a pressure roller  71  for transfer of the image onto a final substrate  72 , preferably by heat and pressure. Additionally, pressure roller  71  may be electrified to overcome the voltage on the intermediate transfer member or to provide an additional electric field to aid transfer of the electrified toner to the substrate.  
         [0095]    Cleaning apparatus  32  is operative to scrub clean the surface of photoreceptor  12  and preferably includes a cleaning roller  74 , a sprayer  76  to spray a non- polar cleaning liquid to assist in the scrubbing process and a wiper blade  78  to complete the cleaning of the photoconductive surface. Cleaning roller  74 , which may be formed of any synthetic resin known in the art, for this purpose is driven in the same sense as drum  10  as indicated by arrow  80 , such that the surface of the roller scrubs the surface of the photoreceptor. Any residual charge left on the surface of photoreceptor sheet  12  may be removed by flooding the photoconductive surface with light from optional neutralizing lamp assembly  36 , which may not be required in practice.  
         [0096]    While the invention has been described with respect to printing on the inside of clear wrapping material (i.e., with the opaque layer furthest from the substrate), in an alternative preferred embodiment of the invention, the layer closest to the substrate is opaque. Such images are designed to be viewed from the side of the substrate on which the image is printed. For this embodiment of the invention, the white layer will be formed on the imaging surface and transferred to the intermediate transfer member after the other, colored layers.  
         [0097]    In addition to the details of the printing processes given above, additional details of printing processes and operates are given in the patents and publications incorporated herein by reference.  
         [0098]    It has been found that the above mentioned toners and other toners based on similar materials and high molecular weight ionomers such as surlyns adhere well to the substrates used in food packaging. This adhesion is found to be especially good when the toner is based on an ionomer or ethylene polymer or copolymer and the polymer film is coated by a similar material. Such coatings, particularly Surlyn 1601 ionomer, EVA (particularly low molecular weight EVA) and ethylene acrylic acid are often provided on the inner surface of food wrappings to give improved properties such as sealability, adhesiveness and food compatibility.  
         [0099]    It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific type of image forming system used and the present invention is also useful with any suitable imaging system which forms a liquid toner image on an image forming surface and, the specific details given above for the image forming system are included as part of a best mode of carrying out the invention, however, many aspects of the invention are applicable to a wide range of systems as known in the art for electrostatic printing and copying.  
         [0100]    It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the description and example provided hereinabove. Rather, the scope of this invention is defined only by the claims which follow: