Abstract:
A halocyanoacetamide compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a halogen such as Cl, F, Br and I; Y represents a halogen such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine and iodine or hydrogen atom; and 
     R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, is stabilized with an organic carboxylic acid or a diol.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to a stabilized non-medicinal fungicidal, bactericidal and algicidal composition which comprises a halocyanoacetamide compound. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     Non-medicinal fungicidal and algicidal compositions are useful for inhibiting the growth of fungi, bacteria, yeasts, algae, and the like in industrial waters, such as the effluent from paper mills, or industrial cooling water; in cooling water for air-conditioners or in other materials such as metal processing lubricant oils, latex emulsions, aqueous emulsions, paper, wood, plywood, paints, pastes, pulps, fibers, and the like. However, the unlimited proliferation of such a microorganism can cause a decrease in product quality or can cause product damage. It can also result in long operation shutdowns or can otherwise cause severe economic loss. 
     The control of the proliferation of the microorganism in industrial waters is especially important in those systems that use large water recirculation systems, since such systems can become virtual breeding grounds for the growth of a wide variety of organisms. As the waters become increasingly contaminated, disposal becomes a worsening problem because discharge into waterways could cause pollution of rivers or the sea. Moreover, the unrestricted growth of microorganisms can cause clogging of pipes or can frustrate heat-exchange mechanisms due to the build-up of fungi, or bacteria, generaly called slime and algae. Slime formed in an important part of an apparatus, such as in a white water tank, a riffler wall or a screen in the paper and pulp industry can stain products thereby decreasing quality. Slime present in paper manufacturing can also cause tearing of the paper in the high speed processing machines. Such microorganism-caused difficulties can also occur in lubricant emulsion recycling systems commonly used in metal processing. In these systems, the proliferation of fungi or bacteria can result in rotting of the emulsion. In many other industries as well, such as those engaged in the production of paints, latex emulsions, fiber pastes, plywoods, etc., the proliferation of fungi or bacteria can be quite deleterious. Consequently, a need exists for a technique for preventing or controlling the proliferation of these microorganisms. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, it is one object of this invention to provide a stabilized non-medical fungicidal, bactericidal and algicidal composition involving the prevention of difficulties caused by proliferation of these organisms in industrial wastes. 
     It is another object of this invention to provide a process for preparing a stabilized non-medical fungicidal, bactericidal and algicidal composition. These and other objects of this invention, as will hereinafter become more readily apparent from the ensuing discussion, have been attained by providing a composition which comprises as active ingredient a halocyanoacetamide having the formula (I) ##STR2## wherein X represents a halogen atom such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine and iodine and Y is such a halogen or hydrogen atom; and R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and stabilizer of an organic carboxylic acid such as a dicarboxylic acid, an hydroxy carboxylic acid and a monocarboxylic acid and the like, or a diol containing up to 14 carbon atoms. This stabilized non-medicinal fungicidal, bactericidal and algicidal composition preferably comprises an halocyanoacetamide having the formula (I) and a haloacetic ester having the formula (II) ##STR3## wherein Z represents a halogen such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine and A represents an alkylene or alkenylene group containing from 1-8 carbon atoms and a stabilizer of an organic carboxylic acid or a diol. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Suitable halocyanoacetamides of the formula (I), include monochlorocyanoacetamide, monobromocyanoacetamide, dichlorocyanoacetamide, dibromocyanoacetamide, N-methyldibromocyanoacetamide, or the like. Suitable haloacetic esters of the formula (II) include 1,2-bis(bromoacetoxy) ethane, 1,2- -bis(bromoacetoxy) propane, 1,2-bis(chloroacetoxy) ethane, 1,4-bis(bromoacetoxy)- 2-butene. The combination of dibromocyanoacetamide and 1,4-bis(bromoacetoxy)-2-butene provides very high microbiocidal and algicidal effects. Suitable organic carboxylic acids and diols used for stabilizing compositions comprising a halocyanoacetamide having the formula (I) and a haloacetic ester of the formula (II), include organic acids such as succinic acid, salicylic acid, oxalic acid, α-tartaric acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, propionic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, malic acid, bromoacetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, formic acid, oleic acid and the like; and diols such as ethyleneglycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2- dihydroxybutane, 2,3-dihydroxybutane, 1,3-dihydroxybutane, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butyne, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butene, 1,5-dihydroxypentane, 1,6-dihydroxyhexane, 2,5-dihydroxyhexane, 1,7-dihydroxyheptane, 2,5-dihydroxy-(3)-hexene and the like. These stabilizers can be used for increasing the stability of the halocyanoacetamide used alone or in combination with a haloacetic ester. It is especially preferred for stabilization to use lactic acid or citric acid as the organic carboxylic acid or 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butene or 1,4-hydroxybutane as the diol. The amount of the organic carboxylic acid or the diol employed is usually 0.01- 10 wt. %, preferably 0.1- 5 wt. % relative to the amount of the composition containing the halocyanoacetamide having the formula (I). 
     Additionally, it is preferred to use the halocyanoacetamide of formula (I) and the haloacetic ester of formula (II) in the form of an emulsion by adding a desirable solvent and a desirable surfactant. Suitable solvents include 1,1,1,-trichloroethane, xylene, polyols, ketones and the like. The preferred amount of the solvent is that sufficient to dissolve the active ingredients. When a surfactant is added, it is sometimes unnecessary to add a solvent since many surfactants can serve the purpose. The amount of the surfactant to be added depends upon the nature of the composition and is usually 0.01-20 wt. %, preferably 0.1- 5 wt. %. The active ingredients can also be used in the form of a wettable powder by combining them with a mineral carrier such as bentonite, white clay, silica and the like, and with a surfactant. If the water to be treated is alkaline, it is preferred to add an acid to the water in order to neutralize it or to the composition itself. 
     When the water has an alkaline pH, the halocyanoacetamide of formula (I) is unstable by itself suffering a decrease in its effect within a short time. Accordingly, it has been difficult to obtain a desirable fungicidal, bactericidal and algicidal effect. Addition of an alkali metal halide has been proposed to improve the effect of the halocyanoacetamide. However, the results are unsatisfactory as shown in the tests described hereinafter. On the other hand, the haloacetic esters having the formula (II) have known activity for inhibiting the growth of fungi, bacteria, yeasts, algae, and the like. However, it is necessary to use these agents in high concentration. Accordingly, when used for slime control, there are significant disadvantages with respect to cost and capability for maintaining the effectiveness of the composition. As can clearly be seen from the above discussion, both compounds (I) and (II) have known disadvantages which make the probability for the successful use of either separately as an industrial microbiocide and algicide marginal at best. It is therefore quite surprising that the present inventors have now found that the combination of compounds (I) and (II) provides excellent microbiocidal and algicidal effects when formulated in a ratio of compound I: compound II; of 1:0.1-: 10, preferably 1:0.2- 4, even in low concentrations. However, even in that combination, the halocyanoacetamide of formula (I) is disadvantageously unstable. But as indicated above, when stabilized by combination with an organic carboxylic acid or a diol, the halocyanoacetamide or formula (I) maintains its activity for a long period of time. Thus, when the compound (I) is combined with the haloacetic ester of formula (II), the synergistic effect mentioned above can be advantageously maintained. 
     The microbiocidal and algicidal compositions of the present invention are effective against a wide variety of fungi, such as Aspergillus niger, Penicillium steckii, Trichoderma, Geotrichum, and Candidum; bacteria, such as Aerobacter aerogenes or Bacillus stubtilis; and the like. They can be used even in low concentrations. (In such concentrations, each of the compounds would not impart fungicidal effects if used as in the prior art.) Consequently, the growth of noxious microorganisms in industrial waters can be completely inhibited with relatively small amounts of the composition. The composition of the present invention is therefore ideal for use as a slime control agent for inhibiting the proliferation of microorganisms, such as fungi, bacteria, yeasts, algae and the like, in recycled water systems, such as those used in paper or pulp mills and in cooling towers and the like. When the compounds (I) and (II) are combined in the above-mentioned ratios, the fungi, bacteria, yeasts and algae which cause the slime can be effectively inhibited in using only a low concentration of active ingredients. 
     Having generally described the invention, a more complete understanding can be obtained by reference to certain specific examples tests and experiments which are included for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting unless otherwise specified. In these examples, the term &#34;part&#34; designates &#34;parts by weight&#34;. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     15 parts of dibromocyanoacetamide, 15 parts of 1,4-bis(bromoacetoxy)- 2-butene, 43.5 parts of polyethyleneglycol (M.W. 200), 25 parts of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 0.7 part of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, 0.3 part of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 0.5 part of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butene as a stabilizer were mixed to form an emulsifiable concentrate. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     15 parts of dibromocyanoacetamide, 15 parts of 1,4-bis(bromoacetoxy)-2-butene, 43.5 parts of polyethyleneglycol (M.W. 200), 25 parts of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 0.7 part of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, 0.3 part of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 0.5 part of 1,4-dihydroxybutane as a stabilizer were mixed to form an emulsifiable concentrate. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     15 parts of dibromocyanoacetamide, 15 parts of 1,4-bis(bromoacetoxy)-2-butene, 1.7 parts of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, 0.3 part of calcium dinaphthylmethanedisulfonate, and 0.5 parts of 1,4-dihydroxybutane as a stabilizer and 67.5 parts of diatomaceous earth were mixed and crushed to form a wettable powder. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     15 parts of dibromocyanoacetamide, 15 parts of 1,4-bis(bromoacetoxy)-2-butene, 43.5 parts of ethyleneglycol, 25 parts of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 0.7 part of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, 0.3 part of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 0.5 part of lactic acid as a stabilizer were mixed to form an emulsifiable concentrate. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     15 parts of dibromocyanoacetamide, 5 parts of 1,4-bis(bromoacetoxy)-2-butene, 53.5 parts of polyethyleneglycol (M.W. 200), 25 parts of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 0.7 part of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, 0.3 part of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 0.5 part of 1,2-dihydroxyethane (stabilizer) were mixed to form an emulsifiable concentrate. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     8 parts of dibromocyanoacetamide, 28 parts of 1,4-bis(bromoacetoxy)-2-butene, 27.5 parts of polyethyleneglycol (M.W. 200), 35 parts of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 0.7 part of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, 0.3 part of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 0.5 part of 1,7-dihydroxyheptane (stabilizer) were mixed to form an emulsifiable concentrate. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     20 parts of dibromocyanoacetamide, 78.5 parts of polyethyleneglycol (M.W. 200), 0.7 part of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, 0.3 part of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 0.5 parts of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butene (stabilizer) were mixed to form an emulsifiable concentrate. 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     20 parts of dibromocyanoacetamide, 78.5 parts of polyethyleneglycol (M.W. 200), 0.7 part of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, 0.3 part of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 0.5 part of 1,4-dihydroxybutane (stabilizer) were mixed to form an emulsifiable concentrate. 
     EXAMPLE 9 
     20 parts of dibromoacetamide, 1.7 parts of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, 0.3 part of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 3 parts of silica gel (white carbon No. 80), 74.5 parts of diatomaceous earth and 0.5 part of citric acid (stabilizer) were mixed and crushed to form a wettable powder. 
     TEST 1 
     20 parts of dibromocyanoacetamide, 0.7 part of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, 0.3 part of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 78.5 parts of polyethyleneglycol and the stabilizer shown in Table 1 were mixed to form emulsifible concentrates. The concentrates were stored at 40° C. for 20 days in a cylinder. Thereafter, the stability of the compositions was measured by biological tests using the culture medium cloudiness method. The results are shown in Table 1. 
     
                                           Table 1__________________________________________________________________________                     Value            Value of 40° C,                           Decompo-Stabilizer    Concentration            dibromoacetamide                     20 days                           sition rate__________________________________________________________________________succinic acid    0.5     20.6     19.3  6.3oxalic acid    0.5     20.0     19.0  5.0maleic acid    0.5     20.1     19.2  4.5lactic acid    0.5     21.0     30.3  3.3citric acid    0.5     20.8     20.2  2.91,4-dihydroxy-    0.5     20.00    19.9  3.4butane1,4-dihydroxy-    0.5     20.4     19.9  2.5buteneReferencesodium   0.5     20.3     18.5  8.9iodidenone     --      21.0     15.9  24.3__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     TEST 2 
     15 parts of dibromoacetamide, 15 parts of 1,4-bis(bromoacetoxy)-2-butene, 0.7 part of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, 0.3 part of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 43.5 parts of polyethyleneglycol (M.W. 200), 25 parts of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 0.5 part of the stabilizers shown in Table 2 were mixed to form emulsifiable concentrates. The concentrates were stored at 40° C. for 20 days in a cylinder. Thereafter, the stability of the compositions was measured by biological tests using the culture medium cloudiness method. The results are shown in Table 2. 
     
                       Table 2______________________________________                Value of Value       Concent- dibromo- 40° C                                 Decompo-Stabilizer  ration   acetamide                         20 days sition rate______________________________________succinic acid       0.5 %    14.2     13.2    7.0salicylic acid       &#34;        14.8     13.6    8.1oxalic acid &#34;        14.6     13.0    11.0α-tartaric acid       &#34;        14.6     13.4    8.2phthalic acid       &#34;        14.4     13.4    6.9fumaric acid       &#34;        14.2     13.0    8.5propionic acid       &#34;        14.2     13.5    4.9maleic acid &#34;        14.3     13.3    7.0malonic acid       &#34;        14.3     13.3    7.0lactic acid &#34;        14.2     14.3    6.3malic acid  &#34;        14.8     14.0    5.4bromoacetic acid       &#34;        14.3     12.6    11.9lactic acid &#34;        14.6     14.2    2.7formic acid 0.5%     14.5     13.6    6.2oleic acid  &#34;        14.6     13.9    4.8citric acid &#34;        14.7     14.4    2.01,2-dihydroxy-butane      &#34;        14.3     13.1    8.41,3-dihydroxy-butane      &#34;        14.6     13.2    9.61,4-dihydroxy-butane      &#34;        14.5     14.1    2.82,3-dihydroxy-butane      &#34;        14.5     13.6    6.21,4-dihydroxy-2-butyne      &#34;        14.3     13.2    7.71,4-dihydroxy-2-butyne      &#34;        14.8     14.2    4.1Referencesodium iodate       &#34;        14.7     13.0    9.1none        --       14.2     9.1     35.9______________________________________ 
    
     TEST 3 
     15 parts of bromocyanoacetamide, 15 parts of 1,4-bis(bromoacetoxy)-2-butene, 0.7 part of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, 0.3 part of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 43.5 parts of polyethyleneglycol (M.W. 200), 25 parts of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 0.5 part of the stabilizer shown in Table 3 were mixed to form emulsifible concentrates. The concentrates were stored at 40° C. for 20 days, and then the amount of 1,4 -bis(bromoacetoxy)-2-butene was determined by the GLC method. The results are shown in Table 3. 
     
                                           Table 3__________________________________________________________________________          Value of 1,          4-bis-   Value     Concent-          (bromoacetoxy)-                   40° C.                         Decompo-Stabilizer     ration          2-butene.                   20 days                         sition rate__________________________________________________________________________succinic acid     0.5 %          14.8     14.6  1.4salicylic acid     &#34;    14.6     14.3  2.1oxalic acid     &#34;    15.0     14.8  1.3α-tartaric acid     &#34;    15.1     14.6  3.3phthalic acid     &#34;    15.0     14.3  4.7fumaric acid     &#34;    14.9     14.7  1.3propionic acid     &#34;    14.3     13.8  3.5maleic acid     &#34;    15.0     14.4  4.0malonic acid     &#34;    14.9     14.7  1.3lactic acid     &#34;    14.9     14.0  6.0malic acid     &#34;    15.1     14.7  2.6bromoacetic acid     &#34;    15.2     14.7  3.3lactic acid     &#34;    14.7     14.5  1.4formic acid     0.5 %          14.9     14.3  4.0oleic acid     &#34;    14.7     14.3  2.7citric acid     &#34;    14.8     14.8  01,2-dihydroxy-butane    &#34;    14.8     14.6  1.41,3-dihydroxy-butane    &#34;    15.0     14.6  2.71,4-dihydroxy-butane    &#34;    15.0     15.0  02,3-dihydroxy-butane    &#34;    15.1     14.7  2.61,4-dihydroxy-2-butyne    &#34;    15.2     14.6  3.91.4-dihydroxy-2-butyne    &#34;    14.8     14.7  0.7Referencesodium iodate     &#34;    14.8     14.1  4.7none      --   14.3     10.3  28.0__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     EXPERIMENT 1 
     Aerobacter aerogenes IAM 1102 which typically grows in a water system, was cultured in a broth liquid medium by shaking for 24 hours, and then was diluted 1,000 times. 1 ml of the diluted solution containing Aerobacter aerogenes was added to 18 ml of a fresh broth liquid medium contained in several 50 ml conical flasks closed with sterilized cotton. 1 ml portions of the solutions having the active ingredient concentrations as defined in Table 4, were added to the flasks. The flasks were shaken in a bath kept at 28° C. After 5, 15, 30, 90 and 180 minutes from the addition of the active ingredient, the concentrations of Aerobacter aerogenes in each broth liquid medium was measured to determine the fungicidal effects of the active ingredient. The results are shown in Table 4. 
     The compositions used for the experiments were as follows. 
     No. 1: Example 4 composition 
     No. 2: Example 5 composition 
     No. 3: Example 6 composition 
     No. 4: 40% dibromocyanoacetamide emulsifiable concentrate 
     No. 5: 30% dibromocyanoacetamide + 20% sodium iodide emulsifiable concentrate 
     No. 6: 60% 1,4-bis(bromoacetoxy)-2-butene 
     No. 7: none 
     
                                           Table 4__________________________________________________________________________Conc. ofactive Time for contacting active ingredientComposi-ingredient       (number of bacteria N/ml)tion (ppm)  10 min.             30 min.                   90 min.                          180 min.__________________________________________________________________________No. 16 + 6  4,000 200   10     0No. 29 + 3  3,500 600   50     10No. 32.6 + 9.1       6,000 800   100    10No. 415     28,000             74,000                   82,000 100,000No. 515 + 10       28,000             68,000                   50,000 68,000No. 620     100,000             98,000                   90,000 310,000No. 7--     520,000             680,000                   1,100,000                          1,300,000__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     Compound (I) or (II) when used alone with no stabilizer was not effective for inhibiting the growth of Aerobacter aerogenes in concentrations of 15-20 ppm. However, the combination of the two compounds imparted unexpectedly high fungicidal effects at the same concentrations. 
     EXPERIMENT 2 
     The growth inhibition concentrations of the compositions in the present invention as measured by the agar dilution method in a broth liquid medium (a pH of 7.5 in the case of bacteria and of 4.5 in the case of fungi) were measured. The results are shown in Table 5. The active ingredients used in the tests are defined in Experiment 1. 
     
                                           Table 5__________________________________________________________________________       Growth inhibition minimum concentrationCompo-      (active ingredient ppm)sition      No. 1            No. 4 No. 5 No. 6__________________________________________________________________________Aerobacter aerogenes       6    100   100   75Bacillus subtilis       6    100   100   50Escherichia Coli       6    25    25    50Pseudomonas aeruginosa       6    25    25    50Aspergillus niger       12.5 200   200   100Penicillium steckii       6    250   200   100Trichoderma SP       6    200   200   150Geotrichum candidum       6    150   150   75__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     As is clear from Table 5, compounds (I) or (II) are each much less effective when used alone with no stabilizer for the inhibition of bacteria, as when used in combination. The combinations themselves are quite effective against microorganisms which cause difficulties for industrial water systems and in industrial products, such as Aerobacter aerogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeraginosa, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium steckii, Trichoderma SP, Geotrichum cadidum. 
     EXPERIMENT 3 
     Fungicidal activities in white water under weak alkaline conditions 
     Into a 100 ml conical flask, was introduced 18 ml of white water containing  0.05- 0.1% of pulp fibrils. The pH was adjusted to 8.1 and 2 ml of a diluted solution of the combination of the present invention containing concentrations of ingredients as shown in Table 6 were added. The mixture was continuously shaken at 30° C. After 30, 90 and 120 minutes from the addition of the diluted solution, 1 ml of white water was extracted from each flask and was uniformly mixed with 16 ml of MW medium and poured into a Petri dish having a diameter of 9 cm for solidification. Each of the microorganisms was cultured at 28° C. for 48 hours and the number in the colony in each Petri dish was counted to determine the fungicidal effect of the active ingredients. The results are shown in Table 6. The compositions are the same as those of Experiment 1. 
     
                       Table 6______________________________________  Conc. of  active  ingredient          Colony number in 1 ml of white waterComposition    (ppm)     30 min.   90 min. 120 min.______________________________________No. 1    12.5      2,800     380     10No. 2    &#34;         2,600     450     20No. 3    &#34;         3,100     420     10No. 4    &#34; &#34;       650,000   130,000 6,600,000No. 5    &#34;         460,000   110,000 3,600,000No. 6    &#34;         1,000,000 840,000 420,000No. 7    --        43,000,000                        27,000,000                                83,000,000______________________________________ 
    
     EXPERIMENT 4 
     Cosmarium and Oscillatoria (algae) adhered onto a cooling tube were collected and cultured. Compositions thereof of 5, 10, 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm were prepared. The cultured Cosmarium or Oscillatoria was dipped into a diluted solution of the active ingredient of this invention for 1 hour, was removed and was also dipped into distilled water for 24 hours. The growth of Cosmarium or Oscillatoria was ascertained by separating the protoplasm thereof. The minimum effective concentration (ppm) of the active ingredient for the algicide was determined. The results are shown in Table 7. The compositions are the same as those used in Experiment 1. 
     
                       Table 7______________________________________Composition  No. 1      No. 4      No. 5______________________________________Cosmarium    5          200        50Oscillatoria 5          200        100______________________________________ 
    
     Having now fully described the invention, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many changes and modifications can be made thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as set forth herein.