Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method and a system for managing an emergency call between a terminal and a network by using a non-access stratum protocol in a mobile communication network. A method for providing an emergency call service by a terminal in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: enabling the terminal to transmit an access request message including an emergency call identifier to a mobility management entity; enabling the terminal to attempt to authenticate the mobility management entity after the step of transmitting the access request message; enabling the terminal to receive an access grant message including the emergency call identifier from the mobility management entity; and enabling the terminal which receives the access grant message, to provide an emergency call service through the mobility management entity. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the emergency call is enabled.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This application is a continuation of prior application Ser. No. 14/507,078, filed on Oct. 6, 2014, which was a continuation of prior application Ser. No. 13/264,868, filed on Dec. 23, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,855,594, which was the National Stage of International application number PCT/KR2010/002394, filed on Apr. 16, 2010, which claimed the benefit of a Korean patent application filed on Apr. 17, 2009 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office and assigned Serial number 10-2009-0033899, the entire disclosure of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a mobile communication system and, in particular, to a method and system for supporting emergency call service efficiently on the basis of Non-Access Stratum (NAS) protocol between terminal and network. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Typically, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), as one of the representative standardization organizations, has specified Evolved Packet System (EPS) with the introduction of Mobility Management Entity (MME) for managing mobility. 
     In such evolved mobile communication system, the NAS protocol used in the conventional 3G mobile communication system is employed as modified to meet the requirements for the next generation high speed packet communication service. 
     Meanwhile, IP multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a framework for supporting Internet Protocol Multimedia service in which the fixed and mobile communication networks supporting the providing public communication services using different circuit or socket switches are integrated by means of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) as the protocol for use in IP technology and Internet telephony and has been standardized by 3GPP represented by W-CDMA and 3GPP2 represented by CDMA-2000. This technology is referred to as IMS in 3GPP as W-CDMA camp while referred to as Multimedia Domain (MMD) in 3GPP2 as CDMA2000 camp. IMS is advantageous in that the voice call service, as well as web browsing and e-mail services, can be controlled in the packet service domain with SIP as higher protocol. In spite of the mature standardization of IMS, the service launch is delayed because the bearer setup and call setup for IMS are not supported. 
     Since EPS is designed to support the packet switched (PS) services, in order to enable provisioning of the voice call service widely, it is necessary to fall back to a CS network according Circuit Switched Fall Back (CS fall back or CSFB) or, if the IMS service is supported, perform handover from 3GPP EPS to 3GPP2 CDMA200 1x or 3GPP UTRAN/GERAN In such a situation. Along with this situation, the discussion is under way about the emergency call service. However, the detailed procedure and properties for supporting the emergency call service, e.g. how to provide the unauthenticated terminal with the emergency call service and how to release the connection to the unauthenticated terminal after the end of the emergency call, is not defined yet. There is therefore a need of a method and system element for supporting emergency call service efficiently. 
     SUMMARY 
     Problem to be Solved 
     The present invention provides a method and apparatus for supporting the emergency call service immediately without delay with NAS message exchange between the User Equipment (UE) and MME in the mobile communication such as 3GPP EPS supporting NAS protocol. 
     Also, the present invention provides a method for providing emergency call service to the UE supporting NAS even when roaming to different radio access technology, i.e. heterogeneous radio access network by specifying the operations related to the emergency call process with the NAS protocol message exchange between the UE and MME in handover situation. 
     Means for Solving the Problem 
     In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, a method for providing emergency call service at a terminal includes transmitting an attach request message having an emergency call indicator from the terminal to a Mobility Management Entity (MME); requesting authentication to the MME after the transmission of the attach request message; receiving an attach accept message including the emergency call indicator from the MME; and providing the emergency call service through the MME after the receipt of the attach accept message. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method for providing an emergency call service at a Mobility Management Entity (MME) includes attempting, when an attach request message including an emergency call indicator is received from a terminal, authentication on the terminal; transmitting an attach accept message including the emergency call indicator to the terminal; and providing the emergency call service to the terminal received the attach accept message. 
     In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, a system for providing an emergency call service includes a terminal which transmits an attach request message having an emergency call indicator to a Mobility Management Entity (MME), requests authentication to the MME after the transmission of the attach request message, and provides the emergency call service through the MME after the receipt of the attach accept message upon receipt of an attach accept message including the emergency call indicator from the MME; and an MME which attempts, when the attach request message including the emergency call indicator is received from the terminal, authentication on the terminal, transmits an attach accept message including the emergency call indicator to the terminal, and provides the emergency call service to the terminal received the attach accept message. 
     Advantageous Effects 
     In the present invention implemented to operate as above, the effects expected by the representative features of the present invention are described hereinafter. 
     The terminal according to the present invention is capable of executing the emergency call in the 3GPP Evolved Packet System (EPS) network for supporting the next generation communication even when the terminal is not authenticated, capable of providing the normal service after the termination of the emergency call, and capable of providing the emergency call made in the middle of the normal service, thereby providing the normal call and emergency call services efficiently. 
     Also, the present invention relates to the method and system for providing the emergency call using the Non-Access Stratum (NAS) protocol, and the method for managing the registration management (attach and detach management), mobility management, and bearer management according to the present invention is implemented with the terminal (hereinafter, referred to as UE) and the mobility management entity (hereinafter, referred to as MME) such that, when the UE performs handover in active mode or attempts registration with the network, it is possible to process the emergency call more efficiently using NAS message in the network such as 3GPP EPS network through the bearer setup and state management of the UE and MME. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating the environment supporting the emergency service in the mobile communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a message flow diagram illustrating a registration procedure for the emergency call and other normal services according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a message flow diagram illustrating a registration procedure for the emergency call and other normal services according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a message flow diagram illustrating a registration procedure for the emergency call and other normal services according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a state transition diagram illustrating the state transition of the UE for supporting the emergency call service according to an embodiment of the preset invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a state transition diagram illustrating the state transition of the UE supporting the emergency call service according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 7  is a state transition diagram illustrating the state transition of the MME supporting the emergency call service according to another embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 8  is a state transition diagram illustrating the state transition of the MME supporting the emergency call service according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail. The same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. Detailed description of well-known functions and structures incorporated herein may be omitted to avoid obscuring the subject matter of the present invention. Furthermore, terms used herein are defined by taking functions in the present invention into account and can be changed according to the intentions of the users or operators or practice. 
     The subject matter of the present invention is a method for supporting the emergency call service in the mobile communication system using the NAS protocol between UE and MME. Although the description is directed to the 3GPP EPS system, the present invention can be applied to other mobile communication systems using NAS protocol. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the embodiment of  FIG. 1  proposes the method for supporting the emergency call service using the NAS protocol between UE and MME, and this method can be applied to other mobile communication systems having the similar technical background and channel format, with slight modification, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by those skilled in the art. 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating the environment supporting the emergency service in the mobile communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Depicted herein is a exemplary system architecture of 3GPP EPS. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , the Evolved Node Base Station (E Node B or eNB)  112  establishes a radio connection to communicate with the User Equipment (UE)  110  located within the service area of the eNB  112 . The UE  110  is the terminal connected to the packet data network such as Internet via the Serving Gateway (Serving GW or SGW). In the present invention, the Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN GW)  118  is responsible for the role of a Home Agent (HA) as an important network entity of the packet data network. The Mobility Management Entity (MME)  114  is responsible for mobility management, location management, and registration management. The Home Subscriber Server (HSS)  121  is connected to the MME  114  via an interface to manage the user and UE authentication information and the service information. 
     There are data paths and control interface for managing the UE&#39;s mobility between the eNB  112  and SGW  116  and between the MME  114  and SGW  116 . In the present invention, the UE  110  and the MME  114  have the NAS protocol stack to communicate for mobility management, location management, and session management. 
     In the present invention, the description is focused on emergency call service based on the NAS protocol between the UE and MME introduced for mobility management, location management, and session management of the UE. A description is made of the method for supporting the emergency call service based on the NAS protocol between UE  110  and MME  114  with reference to the above described network with reference to  FIGS. 2 to 8 . 
     In order to explain the method for processing the emergency call in the middle of a handover from the 3GPP EPS network  171  to a legacy 3GPP network or non-3GPP network  173 , the legacy 3GPP network or the non-3GPP network  173  such 3GPP CDMA2000 1x represented by GERAN and UTRAN is added to the EPS network architecture. The UE  110  can make a handover to receive the service from the network  173 , and the base station  151  and mobility manager  153  are mentioned as the names of the entities defined in the corresponding network, e.g. BSS and SGSN. 
       FIG. 2  is a message flow diagram illustrating a registration procedure for the emergency call and other normal services according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     As depicted in  FIG. 2 , the procedure for registering the emergency call and other normal services is of the case where the normal service is processed after processing the firstly requested emergency call or the emergency call requested along with the normal service simultaneously is processed prior to the normal service. This procedure is described in comparison with the conventional method with reference to tables 1 to 14. In the emergency call and normal service registration procedure of the present invention, the UE  110  and the MME  114  operate as important entities as shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     The UE  110  sends the MME  114  an ATTACH REQUEST message at step  201 . The ATTACH REQUEST message can include a Packet Data Network (PDN) Connectivity Request (PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST) message. The ATTACH REQUEST message also can include an emergency call indicator for notifying that the attach request is of the emergency call. The emergency call indicator can be formatted as a separate Information Element (IE) as shown in table 1. 
     Table 1 shows the format of the emergency call indicator IE transmitted in the ATTACH REQUEST message or the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message in order to indicate the emergency call. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 7 
                 6 
                 5 
                 4 
                 3 
                 2 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Emergency Call Indicator IEI 
                 Emergency Call Indicator value 
                 octet 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The emergency call indicator IE can be set to a value having the meanings listed in table 2. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Emergency Call Indicator value [octet 1] 
               
               
                 Emergency Call Indicator value 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Bits 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 4 
                 3 
                 2 
                 1 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 normal request 
               
               
                   
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 Emergency request 
               
             
          
           
               
                 All other values are reserved. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     In this case, the ATTACH REQUEST message can be modified as shown in table 3. Also, the ATTACH REQUEST message having an attach type (hereinafter, referred to as Eps attach type) for indicating the emergency call, as shown in table 4, can be transmitted. 
     Table 3 shows the message content when the ATTACH REQUEST message includes the emergency call indicator of table 1. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IEI 
                 Information Element 
                 Type/Reference 
                 Presence 
                 Format 
                 Length 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Protocol discriminator 
                 Protocol discriminator 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.2 
               
               
                   
                 Security header type 
                 Security header type 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.3.1 
               
               
                   
                 Attach request message 
                 Message type 
                 M 
                 V 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 identity 
                 9.8 
               
               
                   
                 EPS attach type 
                 EPS attach type 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.3.11 
               
               
                   
                 NAS key set identifier 
                 NAS key set identifier 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.3.21 
               
               
                   
                 Old GUTI or IMSI 
                 EPS mobile identity 
                 M 
                 LV 
                 5-12 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.3.12 
               
               
                   
                 UE network capability 
                 UE network capability 
                 M 
                 LV 
                 3-14 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.3.34 
               
               
                   
                 ESM message container 
                 ESM message container 
                 M 
                 LV-E 
                 2-n 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.3.15 
               
               
                   
                 Emergency Call Indicator 
                 Emergency call Indicator 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                 19 
                 Old P-TMSI signature 
                 P-TMSI signature 
                 O 
                 TV 
                 4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 10.5.5.8 
               
               
                 50 
                 Additional GUTI 
                 EPS mobile identity 
                 O 
                 TLV 
                 13  
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.3.12 
               
               
                 52 
                 Last visited registered TAI 
                 Tracking area identity 
                 O 
                 TV 
                 6 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.3.32 
               
               
                 5C 
                 DRX parameter 
                 DRX parameter 
                 O 
                 TV 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.3.8 
               
               
                 31 
                 MS network capability 
                 MS network capability 
                 O 
                 TLV 
                 4-10 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.3.20 
               
               
                 13 
                 Old location area 
                 Location area identification 
                 O 
                 TV 
                 6 
               
               
                   
                 identification 
                 9.9.2.2 
               
               
                 9- 
                 TMSI status 
                 TMSI status 
                 O 
                 TV 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.3.31 
               
               
                 11 
                 Mobile station classmark 2 
                 Mobile station classmark 2 
                 O 
                 TLV 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.2.4 
               
               
                 20 
                 Mobile station classmark 3 
                 Mobile station classmark 3 
                 O 
                 TLV 
                 2-34 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.2.5 
               
               
                 40 
                 Supported Codecs 
                 Supported Codec List 
                 O 
                 TLV 
                 5-n 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.2.10 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Table 4 shows the format of EPS Attach type IE when the emergency call indicator indicating the emergency call in the ATTACH REQEUST message is included in the EPS Attach type IE. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 7 
                 6 
                 5 
                 4 
                 3 
                 2 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 EPS attach type IEI 
                 0 Spare 
                 EPS attach type value 
                 octet 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The meaning of EPS attach type value can be defined as shown in table 5. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 EPS attach type value [octet 1] 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Bits 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 3 
                 2 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 EPS attach 
               
               
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 combined EPS/IMSI attach 
               
               
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 Emergency requested attach 
               
               
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
                 Reserved 
               
             
          
           
               
                 All other values are unused and shall be interpreted as “EPS attach”. 
               
               
                 If received by the network. 
               
               
                 Bit 4 of octet 1 is spare and shall be coded as zero. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Also, the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message can include the emergency call indicator for emergency call bearer setup request as a separate information element as shown in table 1 and, in this case, the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message can be modified as shown in table 6. 
     Table 6 shows the message contents when the emergency call indicator of table 1 is included in the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IEI 
                 Information Element 
                 Type/Reference 
                 Presence 
                 Format 
                 Length 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Protocol discriminator 
                 Protocol discriminator 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.2 
               
               
                   
                 EPS bearer identity 
                 EPS bearer identity 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.3.2 
               
               
                   
                 Procedure transaction 
                 Procedure transaction 
                 M 
                 V 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 identity 
                 identity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.4 
               
               
                   
                 PDN connectivity 
                 Message type 
                 M 
                 V 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 request message identity 
                 9.8 
               
               
                   
                 Request type 
                 Request type 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.14 
               
               
                   
                 PDN type 
                 PDN type 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.10 
               
               
                   
                 Emergency call 
                 Emergency call Indicator 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                 indicator 
               
               
                 D- 
                 ESM information transfer 
                 ESM information transfer 
                 O 
                 TV 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 flag 
                 flag 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.5 
               
               
                 28 
                 Access point name 
                 Access point name 
                 O 
                 TLV 
                 3-102 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.1 
               
               
                 27 
                 Protocol configuration 
                 Protocol configuration 
                 O 
                 TLV 
                 3-253 
               
               
                   
                 options 
                 options 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.11 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The emergency call can be identified by the request type of the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message as shown in table 7. 
     Table 7 shows the format of the request type IE carrying the emergency call indicator for indicating the emergency call in the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 7 
                 6 
                 5 
                 4 
                 3 
                 2 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Request type IEI 
                 0 Spare 
                 Request type value 
                 octet 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The request type value in table 7 can have the meanings as shown in table 8. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Request type value [octet 1] 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Bits 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 3 
                 2 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 initial request 
               
               
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 Handover 
               
               
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
                 Emergency requested 
               
               
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 Emergency handover 
               
             
          
           
               
                 All other values are unused and shall be interpreted as “initial request”. 
               
               
                 If received by the network. 
               
               
                 Bit 4 or octet 1 is spare and shall be coded as zero. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Meanwhile, in order to inform of the gateway supporting the emergency call service, the emergency Access Point Name (APN) can be indicated by means of an APN field in the legacy PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message. 
     In this case, since the ATTACH REQUST message, as the legacy initial attach message, does not use the APN field value, it is necessary to modify such that the APN field is added to the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQEUST message along with the ATTACH REQEUST only when the emergency call indicator exists. In case of indicating the request type of emergency call using an Emergency APN defined as shown in table 9 with a new field, the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message as shown in table 10 can be transmitted. 
     Table 9 shows the format of APN IE used to indicate the emergency APN. The APN IE format of table 9 is identical with that of the legacy APN IE except that the value can be set to emergency APN. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 7 
                 6 
                 5 
                 4 
                 3 
                 2 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Access point name IEI 
                 octet 1 
               
               
                 Length of access point name contents 
                 octet 2 
               
               
                 Access point name value 
                 octet 3 
               
               
                   
                 octet 0 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Table 10 shows the message content in case of applying the APN IE format of table 9 which indicates the modified request type of table 7 and the emergency APN to the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IEI 
                 Information Element 
                 Type/Reference 
                 Presence 
                 Format 
                 Length 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Protocol discriminator 
                 Protocol discriminator 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.2 
               
               
                   
                 EPS bearer identity 
                 EPS bearer identity 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.3.2 
               
               
                   
                 Procedure transaction 
                 Procedure transaction 
                 M 
                 V 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 identity 
                 identity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.4 
               
               
                   
                 PDN connectivity request 
                 Message type 
                 M 
                 V 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 message identity 
                 9.8 
               
               
                   
                 Request type 
                 Request type 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.14 
               
               
                   
                 PDN type 
                 PDN type 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.10 
               
               
                   
                 Emergency APN 
                 APN 
                 O 
                 LV 
                 2-101 
               
               
                 D- 
                 ESM information transfer 
                 ESM information transfer 
                 O 
                 TV 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 flag 
                 flag 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.5 
               
               
                 28 
                 Access point name 
                 Access point name 
                 O 
                 TLV 
                 3-102 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.1 
               
               
                 27 
                 Protocol configuration 
                 Protocol configuration 
                 O 
                 TLV 
                 3-253 
               
               
                   
                 options 
                 options 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.11 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     When transmitting the message as shown in table 10, the emergency APN filed is set to the value indicating the emergency call, while the APN field is remained empty to instruct activation of default bearer in the initial ATTACH REQUEST such that the MME  114  regards the initial ATTACH REQUEST message with emergency call indicator, APN field empty, and configured emergency APN field as the registration request for emergency call. 
     Afterward, the authentication and security process is performed between the UE  110  and MME  114  at step  205 . Since the emergency call should be supported even when the authentication and security process fails, the UEs succeeded and failed in the authentication and security process can be treated differently. 
     Next, the MME  114  sends the UE  110  an ATTACH ACCEPT message along with an EPS bearer activation request (ACTIVE EMERGENCY EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST) message at step  207 . The ACTIVE EMERGENCY EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST message can be formatted as shown in table 11. 
     Table 11 shows the content of the ACTIVATE EMERGENCY EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST MESSAGE. This message is newly proposed in the present invention to generate and activate an emergency bearer. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IEI 
                 Information Element 
                 Type/Reference 
                 Presence 
                 Format 
                 Length 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Protocol discriminator 
                 Protocol discriminator 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.2 
               
               
                   
                 EPS bearer identity 
                 EPS bearer identity 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.3.2 
               
               
                   
                 Procedure transaction 
                 Procedure transaction 
                 M 
                 V 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 identity 
                 identity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.4 
               
               
                   
                 Activate Emergency EPS 
                 Message type 
                 M 
                 V 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 bearer context request 
                 9.8 
               
               
                   
                 message identity 
               
               
                   
                 EPS QoS 
                 EPS quality of service 
                 M 
                 LV 
                  2-10 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.3 
               
               
                   
                 Access point name 
                 Access point name 
                 M 
                 LV 
                  2-101 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.1 
               
               
                   
                 PDN address 
                 PDN address 
                 M 
                 LV 
                  6-14 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.9 
               
               
                 5D 
                 Transaction identifier 
                 Transaction identifier 
                 O 
                 TLV 
                 3-4 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.17 
               
               
                 30 
                 Negotiated QoS 
                 Quality of service 
                 O 
                 TLV 
                 14-18 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.12 
               
               
                 32 
                 Negotiated LLC SAPI 
                 LLC service access point 
                 O 
                 TV 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 identifier 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.7 
               
               
                 8- 
                 Radio priority 
                 Radio priority 
                 O 
                 TV 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.13 
               
               
                 34 
                 Packet flow identifier 
                 Packet flow identifier 
                 O 
                 TLV 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.8 
               
               
                 5E 
                 APN-AMBR 
                 APN aggregate maximum 
                 O 
                 TLV 
                 4-8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 bit rate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.2 
               
               
                 58 
                 ESM cause 
                 ESM cause 
                 O 
                 TV 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.4 
               
               
                 27 
                 Protocol configuration 
                 Protocol configuration 
                 O 
                 TLV 
                  3-253 
               
               
                   
                 options 
                 options 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.11 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The EPS attach result included in the ATTACH ACCEPT message transmitted at step  207  can be modified as shown in table 112 in order to notify of the success of the emergency attach. 
     Table 12 shows the format of the EPS attach result IE included including the emergency call indicator to indicate the ATTACH ACCEPT message is of emergency call. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 8 
                 7 
                 6 
                 5 
                 4 
                 3 
                 2 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 EPS attach result IEI 
                 0 Spare 
                 EPS attach result value 
                 octet 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The EPS attach result IE can have the values as shown in table 13. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 13 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 EPS attach result value [octet 1] 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Bits 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 3 
                 2 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 EPS only 
               
               
                 0 
                 1 
                 0 
                 combined EPS/IMSI attach 
               
               
                 1 
                 1 
                 0 
                 Emergency Requested attach 
               
             
          
           
               
                 All other values are reserved. 
               
               
                 Bit 4 of octet 1 is spare and shall be coded as zero. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Afterward, the emergency call service is provided at step  211 . 
     If the emergency call service is terminated, the procedure can be continued in two ways, i.e. to step  231  or steps  251 ,  253 ,  271 , and  273 . 
     When the UE  110  has failed authentication, the procedure goes to step  231  at which the UE  110  sends the eNB  114  a DETACH REQUEST message such that the UE&#39;s registration is released after the termination of the emergency call service. 
     When the UE  110  has succeeded both the emergency call registration and authentication, the UE  110  sends the MME  114  a PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message having the APN field set to default APN to establish a default bearer for EPS service at step  251 . In response to the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message, the MME  114  sends the UE  110  an ACTIVATE DEFAULT EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST message at step  253 . 
     In case that the authentication has been successful in the urgent call registration process such that steps  251  and  253  have been performed, it is possible to deactivate the emergency call bearer to support other normal service more efficiently at steps  271  and  273  which can be skipped in an embodiment directed to the case where the emergency call bearer is maintained in active state. The UE  110  sends the MME  114  a PDN DISCONNECT REQUEST message at step  271 . The PDN DISCONNECT REQUEST MESSAGE can include the emergency APN. In response to the PDN DISCONNECT REQUEST message, the MME  114  sends the UE  110  an EPS bearer context deactivate request (DEACTIVATE EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST) message at step  273 . 
       FIG. 3  is a message flow diagram illustrating a registration procedure for the emergency call and other normal services according to another embodiment of the present invention. 
     As depicted in  FIG. 3 , the procedure for registering the emergency call and other normal services is of the case where bearers for both the emergency call and other normal services are established in response to the emergency call request. The difference from the conventional technique in procedure is described with reference to message formats of tables 1 to 14. In the procedure for registering the emergency call service along with other normal services, the UE  110  and the MME  114  are the important entities as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     The UE  110  sends the MME  114  an ATTACH REQUEST message including the Packet Data Network Connectivity Request (PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST) message of step  303  at step  301 . The ATTACH REQUEST message includes an emergency call indicator to indicate the emergency call request. The emergency call indicator can be provided in the form of a separate IE as shown in table 1 and, in this case, the ATTACH REQUEST message can be modified as shown in table 3. Also, the ATTACH REQUEST message having an attach type (hereinafter, referred to as Eps attach type) for indicating the emergency call, as shown in table 4, can be transmitted. 
     Also, the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message can include the emergency call indicator for emergency call bearer setup request as a separate information element as shown in table 1. The request type of the PND CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message can be set to notify of the emergency call as shown in table 7. Meanwhile, an Access Point Name (APN) should be set to notify the MME  114  of the gateway supporting the emergency call service. In case of defining the emergency APN with the definition of a new field and notifying of the emergency with the request type as shown in table 7, the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message can be transmitted in the format as shown in table 10. In the message as shown in table 10, the emergency APN field is set to APN while the APN field is remained empty to instruct activation of default bearer in the initial ATTACH REQUEST such that the MME  114  regards the initial ATTACH REQUEST message with emergency call indicator, APN field empty, and configured emergency APN field as the registration request for emergency call with the emergency APN and normal service with the default APN. When using the separate emergency call indicator as shown in table 1 to notify the MME  114  of the APN, the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message having the APN filed empty and the emergency APN field set to APN, as shown in table 14, is transmitted. 
     Table 14 shows the message content when the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message includes the emergency call indicator of table 1 and the emergency APN of table 9. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 14 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IEI 
                 Information Element 
                 Type/Reference 
                 Presence 
                 Format 
                 Length 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Protocol discriminator 
                 Protocol discriminator 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.2 
               
               
                   
                 EPS bearer identity 
                 EPS bearer identity 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.3.2 
               
               
                   
                 Procedure transaction 
                 Procedure transaction 
                 M 
                 V 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 identity 
                 identity 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.4 
               
               
                   
                 PDN connectivity request 
                 Message type 
                 M 
                 V 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 message identity 
                 9.6 
               
               
                   
                 Request type 
                 Request type 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.14 
               
               
                   
                 PDN type 
                 PDN type 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.10 
               
               
                   
                 Emergency call 
                 Emergency call indicator 
                 M 
                 V 
                 ½ 
               
               
                   
                 indicator 
               
               
                   
                 Emergency APN 
                 APN 
                 O 
                 LV 
                 2-101 
               
               
                 D- 
                 ESM information transfer 
                 ESM information transfer 
                 O 
                 TV 
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 flag 
                 flag 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.5 
               
               
                 28 
                 Access point name 
                 Access point name 
                 O 
                 TLV 
                 3-102 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.1 
               
               
                 27 
                 Protocol configuration 
                 Protocol configuration 
                 O 
                 TLV 
                 3-253 
               
               
                   
                 options 
                 options 
               
               
                   
                   
                 9.9.4.11 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Afterward, the authentication and security process is performed between the UE  110  and MME  114  at step  305 . Since the emergency call should be supported even when the authentication and security process fails, the UEs succeeded and failed in the authentication and security process can be treated differently. Next, the MME  114  sends the UE  110  an ATTACH ACCEPT message along with an EPS bearer activation request (ACTIVE EMERGENCY EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST) message and a default EPS bearer activation request (ACTIVATE DEFAULT EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST) message at step  307 . Here, the EPS attach result included in the ATTACH ACCEPT message can be modified to inform of the successful emergency attach result as shown in table 12. Next, the emergency call service is provided at step  313 . Afterward, if the emergency call service is terminated the procedure can be continued in two ways, i.e., to step  331  or steps  351 ,  353 ,  371 , and  373 . 
     When the UE  110  has failed authentication, the procedure goes to step  331  at which the UE  110  sends the eNB  114  a DETACH REQUEST message such that the UE&#39;s registration is released after the termination of the emergency call service. 
     When the UE  110  has succeeded both the emergency call registration and authentication but no default bearer for the EPS service is established, the UE  110  sends the MME  114  a PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message having the APN field set to default APN to establish a default bearer for EPS service at step  351 . In response to the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message, the MME  114  sends the UE  110  an ACTIVATE DEFAULT EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST message at step  353 . In case that the authentication has been successful in the urgent call registration process such that steps  351  and  353  have been performed, it is possible to deactivate the emergency call bearer to support other normal service more efficiently at steps  351  and  353  which can be skipped in an embodiment directed to the case where the emergency call bearer is maintained in active state. The UE  110  sends the MME  114  a PDN DISCONNECT REQUEST message including the APN field set to emergency APN at step  371 . In response to the PDN DISCONNECT REQUEST message, the MME  114  sends the UE  110  an EPS bearer context deactivate request (DEACTIVATE EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST) message at step  373 . 
       FIG. 4  is a message flow diagram illustrating a registration procedure for the emergency call and other normal services according to another embodiment of the present invention. As depicted in  FIG. 4 , the procedure for registering the emergency call and other normal services is of the case where the emergency call service request follows the normal service request. The difference from the conventional technique in procedure is described with reference to message formats of tables 1 to 14. In the procedure for registering the emergency call and normal services, the UE  110  and the MME  114  are the important entities as shown in  FIG. 4 . 
     The UE  110  sends the MME  114  an ATTACH REQUEST message including a Packet Data Network Connectivity Request (PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST) message at step  401 . Afterward, the authentication and security process is performed between the UE  110  and the MME  114  at step  405 . The MME  114  can send the UE  110  an ATTACH ACCEPT message including a default EPS bearer context request (ACTIVATE DEFAULT EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST) message at step  407 . Next, if an emergency call is placed at step  411 , the UE  110  sends the MME  114  a PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message, as shown in table 6, which is modified with the emergency call indicator in the form of a separate IE as shown in table 1 to request for the bearer setup of emergency call at step  413 . The PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message can include the request type to notify of the emergency call as shown in table 7. 
     The conventional PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message can used with addition of the APN field to inform of the gateway supporting the emergency call service. In this case, since the APN value is requested for default bearer in the conventional method, if the emergency call indicator as shown in table 1 exists or if the emergency call indicator is included in the request type as shown in table 7, the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message should be modified in order for the APN field to carry the emergency call APN and the conventional default APN selectively. 
     In case of indicating the emergency call by defining the emergency APN and setting the request type to emergency APN as shown in table 9, the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message formatted as shown in table 10 can be transmitted. In the message as shown in table 10, the Emergency APN field is set to APN for emergency call and, if the emergency call indicator is in the request type and the Emergency APN is set, the MME  114  regards the message as the registration request for emergency call. In case that the emergency call indicator as shown in table 1 is used with the emergency APN defined separately as shown in table 9, the message format as shown in table 14 is used. 
     The UE  110  sends the MME  114  an emergency EPS bearer context activation request (ACTIVATE EMERGENCY EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST) message at step  415 . The ACTIVATE EMERGENCY EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST message is a newly defined message in the format of table 11. Afterward, the emergency call process is performed at step  417 . Once the emergency call service is terminated, the emergency call service bearer can be released for supporting other normal service more efficiently or for other purpose through steps  419  and  421 , which can be skipped. The UE  110  sends the MME  114  a PDN connection release request (PDN DISCONNECT REQUEST) message including the emergency APN at step  419 . In response to the PDN DISCONNECT REQUEST message, the MME  114  sends the UE  110  an EPS bearer context deactivation request (DEACTIVATE EPS BEARER CONTEXT REQUEST) message including the Emergency APN at step  421 . 
       FIG. 5  is a state transition diagram illustrating the state transition of the UE for supporting the emergency call service according to an embodiment of the preset invention.  FIG. 5  shows exemplary UE operations where the UE executes the emergency call and normal service access processes separately. 
     In  FIG. 5 , if the emergency attach is requested in the EMM-DEREGISTERED state  505 , the state transitions to the EMM-EMERGENCY REGISTERED INITIATED state  503 . If the state transitions from the EMM-EMERGENCY REGISTERED INITIATED state  503  to the EMM-EMERGENCY REGISTERED state  505 , this means that the emergency attach has been accepted and the emergency EPS bearer context has been successfully activated. Meanwhile, if the state transitions from the EMM-EMERGENCY REGISTERED state  505  to the EMM REGISTERED state, this means that the authentication has been successful in the ATTACH process or the authentication process has been initiated and succeeded, and the PDN connection should be established for the default EPS bearer context activation. Meanwhile, if the authentication process has failed in the ATTACH process after the termination of the emergency call in the EMM-EMERGENCY REGISTERED state  505  or if the local DETACH or emergency intersystem change to the CDMA2000 HRPD has been terminated, the state transitions to the EMM-DEREGISTERED state  501 . If an emergency call is placed in the EMM REGISTERED state  507 , the state can transition to the EMM-EMERGENCY REGISTERED state  505 . 
       FIG. 6  is a state transition diagram illustrating the state transition of the UE supporting the emergency call service according to another embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 6  shows exemplary UE operations when the UE executes the emergency call and normal service access processes integrally. 
     In  FIG. 6 , if the emergency attach is requested in the EMM-DEREGISTERED state  601 , the state transitions to the EMM-REGISTERED INITIATED state  603 . If the state has transitioned from the EMM-REGISTERED INITIATED state  603  to the EMM-EMERGNECY REGISTERED state  605 , the emergency call should be marked in the attach request, the emergency attach should be accepted, and the emergency EPS bearer context should be activated. Meanwhile, if the state transitions from the EMM-EMERGNECY REGISTERED state  605  to the EMM REGISTERED state, this means that the authentication has succeed in the ATTACH process or the authentication process has been initiated and succeeded, and the EPS default bearer, which is not activated yet, is successfully activated by transmitting the PDN CONNECTIVITY REQUEST message. If the authentication fails in the ATTACH process after the termination of the emergency call in the EMM-EMERGENCY REGISTERED state  605  or the authentication performed after the termination of the emergency call fails, the state transitions to the EMM-DEREGISTERED state by the network-triggered DETACH request or according to the termination of the emergency intersystem change to the CDMA2000 HRPD. If the emergency call is requested in the EMM REGISTERED state  607 , the state can transition to the EMM-EMERGENCY REGISTERED state  565 . 
       FIG. 7  is a state transition diagram illustrating the state transition of the MME supporting the emergency call service according to another embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 7  shows exemplary MME operations where the UE executes the emergency call and normal service access processes separately. The MME can operate in association with the UE of which state transitions as shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     If the emergency attach procedure is successful and the emergency EPS bearer is activated successfully in the EMM-DE-REGISTERED state  701 , the state transitions to the EMM-EMERGENCY REGISTERED state  703 . If the state transitions from the EMM-EMERGENCY REGISTERED state  703  to the EMM-REGISTERED state  705 , this means that the authentication has succeeded in the ATTACH process or the authentication has succeeded in the attempt after the emergency call and then the default EPS bearer context has been successfully activated. When the emergency call is requested by the UE, the state can be transitioned from the EMM-REGISTERED state  703  to the EMM-EMERGENCY REGISTERED state  705 . When the UE attempts to disconnect to the network after the execution of the emergency call in the state that the authentication has failed in the attach process, the state can be transitioned from the EMM-REGISTERED state  703  to the EMM-DEREGISTERED-INITIATED state with the transmission of the network triggered DETACH request message. 
       FIG. 8  is a state transition diagram illustrating the state transition of the MME supporting the emergency call service according to an embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 8  shows exemplary MME operations when the UE executes the emergency call and normal service accesses processes integrally. 
     If the normal access process fails after the success of the emergency attach procedure and the emergency bearer activation in the EMM-DE-GEGISTERED state  801 , the state transitions to the EMM-EMERGENCY REGISTERED state  803 . If the state transitions from the EMM-EMERGENCY REGISTERED state  803  to the EMM-REGISTERED state  805 , this means that the authentication has succeeded in the ATTACH process or the authentication and default EPS bearer context activation have succeeded in the attempt after the termination of the emergency call. If the state transitions from the EMM-REGISTERED state  805  to the EMM-EMERGENCY REGISTERED state  803 , this means that the emergency call is requested by the UE. If the state transitions from the EMM-EMERGENCY-REGISTERED state  803  to the EMM-DERESISTERED-INITIATED state  807 , this means that the authentication has failed in the ATTACH procedure and the UE attempts to release the connection to the network with a network-initiated detach request message. If the state transitions from the EMM-DEREGISTERED state  801  to the EMM-REGISTERED state  805 , this means that the ATTACH, default EPS bearer activation, and emergency call request marking processes have succeeded in series such that the emergency EPS bearer context has been activated successfully. 
     Although the description has been made with reference to particular embodiments, the present invention can be implemented with various modification without departing from the scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed but will include the following claims and their equivalents.