Abstract:
A cutting device and method in which a reinforcement is guided to a cutoff point where it is cut by a knife driven by a rotary shaft and carried along a closed path which brings the knife into cutting relationship with the reinforcement during predetermined cycles.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention concerns the manufacture of tires. More precisely, it relates to the manufacture of reinforcements, in particular, for a tire crown.  
           [0002]    It is known that tires are usually reinforced by monofilaments or cables or other assemblages of unitary strands, which will be generically designated by the term “reinforcement” in the present application. An important architecture parameter is the angle formed by those reinforcements in relation to a standardized reference well known to the experts, namely, the median plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire. The present invention pertains, notably, to reinforcements at zero degree, whatever the exact location of those reinforcements in the tire. The reinforcements can be made by depositing a single cord individually or by depositing several cords simultaneously, for example, a dozen parallel cords. The term “cord” as used herein refers without distinction to a single strand, like a monofilament, or to an assemblage of unitary strands, like a cable, and the term “reinforcement” refers without distinction to a single cord or a group of parallel cords. The cords can be bare or pre-coated with rubber or any other material capable of rendering the cords adhesive.  
           [0003]    The state of the art contains numerous examples of use of zero degree reinforce-ments for reinforcing the sidewalls or the crown of tires. But such an arrangement has the major disadvantage that the tire blank in production no longer lends itself or lends itself poorly to shaping during the subsequent phases of tire manufacture.  
           [0004]    In order to provide a solution to these problems of shaping, a well known technique consists of cutting the cords at zero degree into sections. It is appropriate to call the piece of cord lying between the cuts a “section.” U.S. Pat. No. 4,791,973 illustrates this technique. A tire containing a belt including zero degree cords is described there. The latter are not circumferentially continuous. A number of sections succeed one another along a perimeter.  
           [0005]    As it is very difficult to cut a reinforcement in rapid procession at very high speeds, this principle leads to rates of laying zero degree reinforcements that are much too slow, particularly if only one cord at a time is deposited and not a group of parallel cords, winding the reinforcement on the blank being made while moving a reinforcement laying head transversely. If depositing a single ply is envisaged, for example, by winding said ply in one turn on the bare blank during its assembly, it is necessary to prepare the desired incisions on said ply in advance, and that method requires providing a welding overlap in order to ensure the recovery of circumferential tensile stresses.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    The object of the invention is to propose very rapid cutting means, whether these cuts are frequent, as in the case described above, or cutting takes place only at the end of the tire operation, as in the case of zero degree filament yarn reinforcements. The invention makes it possible to envisage, under good conditions of industrial performance, the laying of cord sections for any reinforcement application at all.  
           [0007]    The invention proposes a method of manufacture of a tire reinforcement, made up of a reinforcement delivered by feed means requiring a forward movement at a given linear speed in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement, consisting of depositing sections of said reinforcement on a support and retaining said sections on the support by adherence to the latter, said sections being taken up below the feed means as follows:  
           [0008]    sliding said reinforcement in a tubular guide, the lower end of which defines a cutoff point;  
           [0009]    driving a knife by means of a rotary shaft control along any closed path bringing the knife into the environment of the cutoff point, the knife being active at the cutoff point on demand.  
           [0010]    Cutting on demand can be done with suitable actuating gear. As a variant, the design of the control is such that the knife is active at the cutoff point every n passage, n being greater than or equal to two.  
           [0011]    The invention proposes turning a knife at very high speed and, with appropriate kinematics, arranging for the knife not to be active on each passage close to the reinforcement. In the use described below, the invention takes advantage of the arrangement known per se of the planet gear existing in some gear trains. That enables the knife to describe a path lying within a plane.  
           [0012]    Thus, the invention proposes a machine for manufacture of a tire reinforcement, said machine including a reinforcement distributor requiring a forward movement of the reinforcement at a given linear speed in the longitudinal direction, and a cutting device comprising:  
           [0013]    a tubular guide in which said reinforcement is inserted and in which it slides, the lower end of said tubular guide defining a cutoff point of the reinforcement;  
           [0014]    a knife mounted rotating on a shaft driven in rotation by a planet gear engaged on a fixed toothed wheel, the planet gear being driven by a planet carrier so that the planet gear rolls on the fixed toothed wheel, said cutting device being set up so that the knife describes a path which crosses the reinforcement at said cutoff point;  
           [0015]    the machine further including application means receiving the reinforcement below the cutoff point, channeling it to a point for laying the reinforcement on a support for manufacture of the reinforcement on the support.  
           [0016]    The invention makes direct fabrication possible on a support from spools from which the reinforcement is continuously withdrawn. The support in question can be a revolving form on which a crown block is fabricated, or a drum supporting the raw tire in the course of manufacture, or any other suitable support, the invention not dealing per se with that aspect. For the reinforcement laid to remain in place on the support, it is advantageous for the support to be coated with a layer of raw rubber to which the reinforcement can stick or adhere, or into which the reinforcement can penetrate at least slightly as it is brought on the support. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0017]    The invention will be better understood from the description to follow, given nonlimitatively with reference to the attached drawings in which:  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the main parts used for laying a zero degree reinforcement;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 2 is a more detailed view of a cutting device according to the invention;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the path of a cutting tool according to two variants of the invention;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate another embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0022]    [0022]FIG. 1 shows a support  1  on which a reinforcement is fabricated. That support could consist of any type of form defining the surface on which the cord sections constituting the reinforcement are to be placed, like, for example, a reliable reinforced diaphragm, or a diameter-adjustable form of the type used in machines for fabricating crown blocks, requiring a purely cylindrical profile, or a transversely curved form. The support  1  is pre-coated with all the constituents it must receive before addition of the zero degree reinforcement. The support  1  is driven in rotation in the direction indicated by arrow A.  
         [0023]    A reinforcement distributor  2  is shown, adapted specifically for delivering a single cord  3 , without that being interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, which extends to any type of reinforcement. The cord  3  is unwound from a spool (not shown). The cord  3  is engaged on different pulleys of a guide system  32  enabling it to be guided from a point fixed in space (pulley  33 ) to a laying head  34  movable in space. A robot  35  with three axes (Y, Z, α) makes it possible to ensure the correct presentation of the cord  3  anywhere on the surface of the support  1 , even when the support is not cylindrical.  
         [0024]    On the laying head, the cord  3  is moved by two rollers  20 ,  21  between which it is gripped. Roller  20  is driven by a motor (not represented) feeding the cord  3 . As has become standard, the feed motor can contain a coder or a resolver. It is thus possible to impart a very precise linear feed to the cord  3 , while constantly knowing the exact metering of the quantity of cord  3  delivered to the parts of the machine set up down the line.  
         [0025]    At the outlet of the rollers  20 ,  21 , the cord  3  is inserted in a cutting device  4 , installed on the laying head  34 . Just like the cord distributor, the cutting device is in this example adapted to a reinforcement consisting of a single cord. Below the cutting device  4 , preferably, an application roller  5  presses the cord  3  against the support  1  in order to make it slightly penetrate the rubber with which the support  1  is coated. The application roller  5  is represented fixed on the attached drawing, but it can be spring urged in a radial direction relative to the support.  
         [0026]    In FIG. 2 a tubular guide  40  is shown, the discharge end  41  of which determines the cutoff position and holds the cord  3  when it is sectioned, A knife  42  is mounted on a disk  43  integral with a planet gear  44  (the disk  43  and the planet gear  44  being mounted rotating on the same shaft  45 ). The planet gear  44  is engaged with a toothed wheel  46  fixedly mounted, that is, not turning (this could be either an internally or externally annular gear or any other suitable arrangement). The shaft  45  is mounted on a planet carrier  47  driven in rotation by a motor  48 . The device  4  can contain one or more other non-active auxiliary disks, such as the auxiliary disk  49  with corresponding planet gear(s), notably, for reasons of balancing.  
         [0027]    Thus, on each turn of the planet carrier  47 , the knife  42  can describe several turns, according to the gear reduction due to the ratio between the number of teeth of the planet gear  44  and of the toothed wheel  46 . Let us further note that, according to the ratio chosen, the knife will be presented at the cutoff point at the discharge  41  only after a number of turns of the planet carrier  47 . FIG. 3 illustrates the path of the knife  42  when it returns to the cutoff point every two turns of the planet carrier  47 , and FIG. 4 illustrates the path of the knife  42  when it returns to the cutoff point every three turns of the planet carrier  47 .  
         [0028]    Due to that gear reduction effect and to the possible choice of number of turns of the satellite carrier between two cutting actions of the knife  42 , it is possible to reconcile high speeds of the knife  42  with a relatively low unwinding speed of the cord. The length of the cord sections  30  laid on the support  1  can then be very easily adapted by wisely choosing the gear reduction ratio mentioned above. In addition, high-speed cutting facilitates the cutting of harder-to-cut fibers like, for example, aramide.  
         [0029]    It is important to note that cutting stops the cord  3  for only as short a time as possible. There is then no problem of accumulation of cord continuing to be pushed by the rollers  20  and  21  above the knife  42 . Although at the time the cord  3  is sectioned, it is immobilized for a very brief instant, the cutting proposed by the invention is so rapid that the tubular guide  40 , if only because of the play enabling the cord  3  to slide, can momentarily contain the quantity of cord  3  which continues to be propelled by the rollers  20 ,  21   
         [0030]    After cutting, the cord section  30  no longer benefits from motor drive by the rollers  20  and  21  installed up the line. That is why the space between the cutoff point and the laying point is preferably regulated so that the last end of the cord  3  created by the previous cutoff rejoins the laying point on the support  1  just before the cord  3  is cut again. After cutting, the movement of the section  30  is caused by rotation of the support  1  to which it adheres. In order to positively ensure the feed of the cord sections freed by cutting, it is preferably advisable for the distance between the point of contact of the application roller on the support and the cutoff point to correspond at most to the length of the sections. Let us point out that if the kinetic energy accumulated by the sections is sufficient, it is possible to ensure the operation of the machine described, even if the distance between the point of contact of the application roller on the support and the cutoff point is greater than the maximum mentioned above.  
         [0031]    In FIGS. 5 and 6, a cutting device  14  is represented, constituting another embodiment which can be substituted for the cutting device  4  of FIG. 1. The cutting device  14  is mounted on a laying head  134 . It contains a guide comparable to guide  40 , along which said reinforcement is inserted, the end  141  of said guide defining a reinforcement cutoff point. A knife  142  is shown mounted on a rotary disk  143  driven in rotation by a gear  145  (via a belt shown by a broken line), the gear  145  being integral on rotation with a cam  146 . A bar  147  supports the pin  144  of the disk  143  and the pin  148  of the assembly formed by the cam  146  and the gear  145 . The bar  147  is guided by rollers  137  mounted on the laying head  134 . The cam  146  and the disk  143  are thus mounted sliding in relation to the laying head  134 . The cam contains an outwardly extended part  149  which cooperates with a stud  136  integral with the laying head  134 . The knife  142  is continuously driven at high speed. It is in inactive position in FIG. 6 and, at the right time, advances to the cord  3  in order to cut it (see FIG. 5). The cutting device  14  is then so set up that the knife  142  describes a path which crosses the reinforcement at said cutoff point, when the outwardly extended part  149  of the cam is engaged by the stud  136 .  
         [0032]    In light of this specification, the expert may easily produce variants and use adaptations without departing from the scope of this invention. It may be desired, for example, to lay textile cords. All cords not presenting any compression resistance must necessarily be kept very taut. A pneumatic propulsion of the type shown by the reference numeral 56 in U.S. Pat. No. 3,894,906 can be used whenever that is necessary.