Abstract:
A system and method is disclosed, including establishing of data connections between electronic devices. One embodiment provides a method for establishing a data connection between a first and a second electronic device, wherein establishing the data connection is authorized by executing at least one action with at least one physical tool.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Data connections provide a communication link between electronic devices. For example, a data connection between a mobile phone and a computer provides a communication link between the mobile phone and the computer. The data connection can be wired or wireless. 
     For these and other reasons, there is a need for the present invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments and together with the description serve to explain principles of embodiments. Other embodiments and many of the intended advantages of embodiments will be readily appreciated as they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily to scale relative to each other. Like reference numerals designate corresponding similar parts. 
         FIG. 1A  illustrates a schematic view of two devices and a tool according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 1B  illustrates a flow diagram depicting the processes performed to establish a connection between two devices according to one embodiment. 
         FIG. 2A  illustrates a schematic view of two devices and a tool according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 2B  illustrates a flow diagram depicting the processes performed to establish a connection between two devices according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 3A  illustrates a schematic view of two devices and a tool according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 3B  illustrates a flow diagram depicting the processes performed to establish a connection between two devices according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates a schematic view of two devices and two tools according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates a flow diagram depicting the processes performed to establish a connection between two devices according to another embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following Detailed Description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In this regard, directional terminology, such as “top,” “bottom,” “front,” “back,” “leading,” “trailing,” etc., is used with reference to the orientation of the Figure(s) being described. Because components of embodiments can be positioned in a number of different orientations, the directional terminology is used for purposes of illustration and is in no way limiting. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope is defined by the appended claims. 
     It is to be understood that the features of the various example embodiments described herein may be combined with each other, unless specifically noted otherwise. 
       FIG. 1A  illustrates a schematic view of a first embodiment that demonstrates establishing of a first data connection  114  between a first device  111  that can be a mobile phone or another electronic device, and a second device  112  that can be a personal computer or another electronic device. The mobile phone  111  includes a first data communication equipment  118   a . The personal computer  112  includes a further first data communication equipment  118   b . The first data connection  114  can be established between the first data communication equipment  118   a  of the mobile phone  111  and the further first data communication equipment  118   b  of the personal computer  112 . The first data connection  114  can be a Bluetooth connection, a wireless local area network (WLAN) connection or another kind of data connection. The first data communication equipments  118   a ,  118   b  are Bluetooth transceivers, WLAN transceivers or another kind of data communication equipments accordingly. Furthermore, the mobile phone  111  includes a second data communication equipment  119   a  and the personal computer  112  includes a further second data communication equipment  119   b . Furthermore, the mobile phone  111  may include a first proximity sensor  122   a  and the personal computer  112  may include a second proximity sensor  122   b . Furthermore, the personal computer  112  may include a first database  124  that holds a list of personal data that identifies users that are permitted to establish the first data connection  114 . 
     In order to avoid un-authorized access to the mobile phone  111  and the personal computer  112 , establishing of the first data connection  114  has to be authorized with a first tool  113 . The first tool  113  can be an RFID tag or another appliance. The first tool  113  may hold first personal data  121  that allows to identify the tool owner. The first tool  113  includes a third data communication equipment  120 . A second data connection  115  can be established between the third data communication equipment  120  of the first tool  113  and the second data communication equipments  119   a  of the mobile phone  111 . A third data connection  116  can be established between the third data communication equipment  120  of the first tool  113  and the further second data communication equipments  119   b  of the personal computer  112 . The first tool  113  may also include a third proximity sensor  123 . The second and third data connections  115 ,  116  can be used to send a first code  117  from the first tool  113  to the mobile phone  111  and to the personal computer  112 . The first code  117  may contain the first personal data  121  that identifies the tool owner. In a further embodiment the first code  117  may contain a secret random portion that is newly generated by the first tool  113  upon every attempt to connect two devices. 
       FIG. 1B  illustrates a flow diagram depicting a method to establish a first data connection  114  between the mobile phone  111  and the personal computer  112  in accordance with the first embodiment. In a first process  101  the second data connection  115  is established between the first tool  113  and the mobile phone  111 . The second data connection  115  can for example be established by bringing the first tool  113  into a designated region in the vicinity of the mobile phone  111 . The approximation of the first tool  113  to the mobile phone  111  can be detected by the first tool  113  and the mobile phone  111  with the first and third proximity sensors  122   a ,  123 . In another embodiment the second data connection  115  can be established by plugging the first tool  113  into the mobile phone  111 , thereby creating an electric contact between the second data communication equipment  119   a  of the mobile phone  111  and the third data communication equipment  120  of the first tool  113  that is detected by the first tool  113  and the mobile phone  111 . In a second process  102 , after having established the second data connection  115 , the first code  117  is sent from the first tool  113  to the mobile phone  111  via the second data connection  115 . Therefore the third data communication equipment  120  of the first tool  113  may be an RFID circuit and the first tool  113  may modulate the first code  117  with the RFID circuit  120  onto a high frequency electric field generated by the second data communication equipment  119   a  of the mobile phone  111 . 
     In a third process  103  the third data connection  116  is established between the first tool  113  and the personal computer  112 . The third data connection  116  can for example be established by bringing the first tool  113  into a designated region in the vicinity of the personal computer  112 . The approximation of the first tool  113  to the personal computer  112  can be detected by the first tool  113  and the personal computer  112  with the first and third proximity sensors  122   b ,  123 . In another embodiment the third data connection  116  can be established by plugging the first tool  113  into the personal computer  112 , thereby creating an electric contact between the second data communication equipment  119   b  of the personal computer  112  and the third data communication equipment  120  of the first tool  113  that is detected by the first tool  113  and the personal computer  112 . In a fourth process  104 , after having established the third data connection  116 , the same first code  117  as in process  102  is sent from the first tool  113  to the personal computer  112  via the third data connection  116 . Therefore the third data communication equipment  120  of the first tool  113  may be an RFID circuit and the first tool  113  may modulate the first code  117  with the RFID circuit  120  onto a high frequency electric field generated by the second data communication equipment  119   b  of the personal computer  112 . 
     In a fifth process  105  the mobile phone  111  or the personal computer  112  or both devices verify if the owner of the first tool  113 , identified by the first personal data  121  obtained with the first code  117 , is permitted to establish the first data connection  114 . To this end, the personal computer  112  looks up the first personal data  121  of the tool owner obtained with the first code  117  in the first database  124 . If a matching database entry can be found, the tool owner is permitted to establish the first data connection  114 . 
     If the check in the fifth process  105  has illustrated that the owner of the first tool  113  is permitted to establish the first data connection  114 , in a sixth process  106  the mobile phone  111  and the personal computer  112  find the respective other device that has obtained the same first code  117  and establish the first data connection  114  between the mobile phone  111  and the personal computer  112 . In the case that the first data communication equipments  118   a ,  118   b  are Bluetooth transceivers, in order to find the other device, the mobile phone  111  and the personal computer  112  may send out messages periodically via their first data communication equipments  118   a ,  118   b  and periodically check for messages received via their first data communication equipments  118   a ,  118   b . If one of the two devices  111 ,  112  receives such a message it replies with a message containing the first code  117 . If the other of the two devices  111 ,  112  has obtained an identical first code  117  in one of the previous processes  102 ,  104 , it replies with an appropriate message and both devices  111 ,  112  set up a Bluetooth connection. 
     If the check in the fifth process  105  has illustrated that the owner of the first tool  113  is not permitted to establish the first data connection  114 , establishing of the first data connection  114  between the mobile phone  111  and the personal computer  112  is refused, at  107 . 
     The verification of the tool owner&#39;s permission to establish the first data connection  114  in the fifth process  105  can be left out in a simplified embodiment. The first code  117  sent in the second process  102  and the fourth process  104  does not need to contain the first personal data  121  then. The process to establish the first data connection  114  then continues after the fourth process  104  directly with the sixth process  106  in  FIG. 1B . 
     In another embodiment the first tool  113  is a body part of a human such as a finger, an eye or a face, and the first personal data  121  is a biometric feature of the body part such as a fingerprint, an iris pattern or the geometry of the face that identifies the human. The second and the further second data communication equipments  119   a ,  119   b  are fingerprint scanners, iris scanner or optical cameras with face recognition capabilities accordingly. Sending of the first code  117  to the mobile phone  111  and the personal computer  112  in the second and fourth processes  102 ,  104  is achieved by scanning the body part  113  and recognizing the biometric feature  121  with the second and the further second data communication equipments  119   a ,  119   b.    
       FIG. 2A  illustrates a schematic view of a second embodiment that demonstrates establishing of a fourth data connection  214  between a device  211  that can be a first video projector or another electronic device, and a device  212  that can be a first portable computer or another electronic device. The first video projector  211  includes a fourth data communication equipment  218   a  and the first portable computer  212  includes a further fourth data communication equipment  218   b . The fourth data connection  214  can be established between the fourth data communication equipment  218   a  of the first first video projector  211  and the fourth data communication equipment  218   b  of the first portable computer  212 . The fourth data connection  214  can be a wireless local area network (WLAN) connection or another kind of data connection. The fourth and the further fourth data communication equipments  218   a ,  218   b  are WLAN transceivers or another kind of data communication equipment accordingly. Furthermore, the first portable computer  212  includes a fifth data communication equipment  219 . 
     In order to establish the fourth data connection  214  between the first portable computer  212  and the first video projector  211 , establishing of the fourth data connection  214  has to be authorized with a tool  213  that can be a remote control of the first video projector  211  or another appliance. The remote control  213  may hold an identification key  221  that assigns it to the first video projector  211 . Furthermore, the remote control  213  may include a button  230 . Furthermore, the remote control  213  includes a sixth data communication equipment  220 . A fifth data connection  216  can be established between the sixth data communication equipment  220  of the remote control  213  and the fifth data communication equipments  219  of the first portable computer  212 . The fifth data connection  216  can be a Bluetooth connection or an infrared connection (IrDA) or another kind of data connection. The fifth data communication equipment  219  and the sixth data communication equipment  220  are Bluetooth transceivers, IrDA transceivers or another kind of data communication equipment accordingly. The fifth data connection  216  can be used to send a second code  217  from the remote control  213  to the first portable computer  212 . The second code  217  may contain the identification key  221 . 
       FIG. 2B  illustrates a flow diagram depicting a method to establish the fourth data connection  214  between the first portable computer  212  and the first video projector  211  in accordance with this second embodiment. In a first process  201  the fifth data connection  216  is established between the remote control  213  and the first portable computer  212 . The fifth data connection  216  may be established by pressing a button  230  on the remote control  213  or in another way. In a second process  202  the second code  217  is sent from the remote control  213  to the first portable computer  212  via the fifth data connection  216 . In a third process  203  the first portable computer  212  finds the first video projector  211  and the fourth data connection  214  is established between the first portable computer  212  and the first video projector  211 . The first portable computer  212  may find the first video projector  211  with the aid of the identification key  221  obtained with the second code  217  in the second process  202 . In one embodiment of the invention the identification key  221  may be the service set identifier of a WLAN access point integrated into the first video projector  211  and the mobile computer  212  establishes the fourth data connection  214  with the first video projector  211  using this service set identifier. In a fourth process  204  the first portable computer  212  selects the first video projector  211  as its output device and the first video projector  211  selects the first portable computer  212  as its input device. 
       FIG. 3A  illustrates a schematic view of a third embodiment that demonstrates another way of establishing of a sixth data connection  314  between a device  311  that can be a second video projector or another electronic device, and a device  312  that can be a second portable computer or another electronic device. The second video projector  311  includes a seventh data communication equipment  318   a  and the second portable computer  312  includes a further seventh data communication equipment  318   b . The sixth data connection  314  can be established between the seventh data communication equipment  318   a  of the second second video projector  311  and the further seventh data communication equipment  318   b  of the second portable computer  312 . The sixth data connection  314  can be a wireless local area network (WLAN) connection or another kind of data connection. The seventh and further seventh data communication equipments  318   a ,  318   b  are WLAN transceivers or another kind of data communication equipment accordingly. Furthermore, the second video projector  311  includes an eighth data communication equipment  319   a  and the second portable computer  312  includes a further eighth data communication equipment  319   b.    
     In order to establish the sixth data connection  314  between the second video projector  311  and the second portable computer  312 , it has to be authorized with a second tool  313 . The second tool  313  includes a data memory  321  where data can be stored and read out. The second tool  313  also includes a ninth data communication equipment  320 . A seventh data connection  315  can be established between the ninth data communication equipment  320  of the second tool  313  and the eighth data communication equipment  319   a  of the second video projector  311 . An eighth data connection  316  can be established between the ninth data communication equipment  320  of the second tool  313  and the further eight data communication equipment  319   b  of the second portable computer  312 . The seventh and eighth data connections  315 ,  316  can be Bluetooth connections or infrared connections (IrDA) or electrical connections or other kinds of data connections. The eighths, further eight and ninth data communication equipments  319   a ,  319   b ,  320  are Bluetooth transceivers, IrDA transceivers or electrical connectors or other kinds of data communication equipments accordingly. The seventh data connection  315  can be used to send a third code  317  from the second video projector  311  to the second tool  313 . The eighth data connection  316  can be used to send the third code  317  from the second tool  313  to the second portable computer  312 . 
       FIG. 3B  illustrates a flow diagram depicting a method to establish the sixth data connection  314  between the second portable computer  312  and the second video projector  311  according to the third embodiment. 
     In a first process  301  the seventh data connection  315  is established between the second tool  313  and the second video projector  311 . The seventh data connection  315  can for example be established by plugging the second tool  313  into the second video projector  311 , thereby creating an electric contact between the ninth data communication equipment  320  of the second tool  313  and the eighth data communication equipment  319   a  of the second video projector  311  that is detected by the second tool  313  and the second video projector  311 . 
     In a second process  302  the third code  317  is sent from the second video projector  311  to the second tool  313  via the seventh data connection  315  and stored in the memory area  321  of the second tool  313 . In another embodiment of the invention the third code  317  contains a secret random portion that is newly generated by the second video projector  311  upon every attempt to connect the second video projector  311  with another device. 
     In a third process  303  the eighth data connection  316  is established between the second tool  313  and the second portable computer  312 . The eighth data connection  316  can be established by plugging the second tool  313  into the second portable computer  312 , thereby creating an electric contact between the ninth data communication equipment  320  of the second tool  313  and the further eighth data communication equipment  319   b  of the second portable computer  312  that is detected by the second tool  313  and the second portable computer  312 . 
     In a fourth process  304  the third code  317  obtained in process  302  is read back from the memory area  321  by the second tool  313  and sent to the second portable computer  312  via the eighth data connection  316 . 
     In a fifth process  305  the second video projector  311  and the second portable computer  312  find the respective other device that holds the identical third code  317  and establish the sixth data connection  314 . The second portable computer  312  may find the second video projector  311  with the aid of the third code  317  obtained in the fourth process  304 . In one embodiment of the invention the third code  317  may be the service set identifier of a WLAN access point integrated into the second video projector  311  and the mobile computer  312  establishes the sixth data connection  314  with the second video projector  311  using this service set identifier. 
     In a sixth process  306  the second portable computer  312  selects the second video projector  311  as its output device and the second video projector  311  selects the second portable computer  312  as its input device. 
       FIG. 4A  illustrates a schematic view of a fourth embodiment. A device  411  can be a third portable computer or another electronic device. A device  412  can be a fourth portable computer or another electronic device. The third portable computer  411  includes a tenth data communication equipment  422   a  and the fourth portable computer  412  includes a further tenth data communication equipment  422   b . A ninth data connection  415  can be established between the tenth and the further tenth data communication equipment  422   a ,  422   b  of the third and fourth portable computers  411 ,  412 . The ninth data connection  415  can be a Bluetooth connection, a wireless local area network (WLAN) connection or another kind of data connection. The tenth and the further tenth data communication equipment  422   a ,  422   b  are Bluetooth transceivers, WLAN transceivers or another kind of data communication equipment accordingly. Furthermore, the third portable computer  411  includes an eleventh data communication equipment  423   a  and the fourth portable computer  412  includes a further eleventh data communication equipment  423   b.    
     In order to establish the ninth data connection  415  between the third and the fourth portable computer  411 ,  412 , the two owners of the third and the fourth portable computer  411 ,  412  have to authorize the ninth data connection  415 . To this end the owner of the third portable computer  411  has a third tool  413  that holds third personal data  426  on the owner of the third portable computer  411  and the owner of the fourth portable computer  412  has a fourth tool  414  that holds fourth personal data  427  on the owner of the fourth portable computer  412 . The third and fourth tools  413 ,  414  can be RFID tags or other appliances. The third tool  413  includes a twelfth data communication equipment  424  that can be used to establish a tenth data connection  416  with the third portable computer  411  via the eleventh data communication equipment  423   a  of the third portable computer  411  and to establish a eleventh data connection  417  with the fourth portable computer  412  via the further eleventh data communication equipment  423   b  of the fourth portable computer  412 . The fourth tool  414  includes a thirteenth data communication equipment  425  that can be used to establish a twelfth data connection  418  with the third portable computer  411  via the eleventh data communication equipment  423   a  of the third portable computer  411  and to establish a thirteenth data connection  419  with the fourth portable computer  412  via the further eleventh data communication equipment  423   b  of the fourth portable computer  412 . The tenth and eleventh data connections  416 ,  417  can be used to send a fourth code  420  from the third tool  413  to the third and fourth portable computers  411 ,  412 . The fourth code  420  contains the third personal data  426  that identifies the owner of the third portable computer  411 . The twelfth and thirteenth data connections  418 ,  419  can be used to send a fifth code  421  from the fourth tool  414  to the third and fourth portable computers  411 ,  412 . The fifth code  421  contains the fourth personal data  427  that identifies the owner of the fourth portable computer  412 . In a preferred embodiment the fourth and fifth codes  420 ,  421  contain secret random portions that are newly generated by the third and fourth tools  413 ,  414  upon every attempt to connect two devices. 
       FIG. 4B  illustrates a flow diagram depicting a method to establish the ninth data connection  415  between the third and the fourth portable computer  411 ,  412  according to this fourth embodiment. 
     In a first process  401  the tenth data connection  416  is established between the third tool  413  and the third portable computer  411 . The tenth data connection  416  can for example be established by bringing the third tool  413  into a designated region in the vicinity of the third portable computer  411 . In case the third tool  413  is an RFID tag the tenth data connection  416  may for example be established by bringing the third tool  413  close enough to the third portable computer  411  to allow the eleventh data communication equipment  423   a  of the third portable computer  411  to communicate with the twelfth data communication equipment  424  of the third tool  413 . In another embodiment the tenth data connection  416  can be established by plugging the third tool  413  into the third portable computer  411 , thus creating an electrical connection between the eleventh data communication equipment  423   a  of the third portable computer  411  and the twelfth data communication equipment  424  of the third tool  413 . 
     In a second process  402  the fourth code  420  containing the third personal data  426  about the owner of the third portable computer  411  is sent from the third tool  413  to the third portable computer  411  via the tenth data connection  416 . In case the third tool  413  is an RFID tag and the twelfth data communication equipment  424  of the third tool  413  is an RFID circuit, the third tool  413  modulates the fourth code  420  with the RFID circuit  424  onto a high frequency electric field generated by the eleventh data communication equipment  423   a  of the third portable computer  411 . 
     In a third process  403  the eleventh data connection  417  is established between the third tool  413  and the fourth portable computer  412 . The eleventh data connection  417  can for example be established by bringing the third tool  413  into a designated region in the vicinity of the fourth portable computer  412 . In case the third tool  413  is an RFID tag the eleventh data connection  417  may for example be established by bringing the third tool  413  close enough to the fourth portable computer  412  to allow the further eleventh data communication equipment  423   b  of the fourth portable computer  412  to communicate with the twelfth data communication equipment  424  of the third tool  413 . In another embodiment the eleventh data connection  417  can be established by plugging the third tool  413  into the fourth portable computer  412 , thus creating an electrical connection between the further eleventh data communication equipment  423   b  of the fourth portable computer  412  and the twelfth data communication equipment  424  of the third tool  413 . 
     In a fourth process  404  the same fourth code  420  as in process  402  is sent from the third tool  413  to the fourth portable computer  412  via the eleventh data connection  417 . In case the third tool  413  is an RFID tag and the twelfth data communication equipment  424  of the third tool  413  is an RFID circuit, the third tool  413  modulates the fourth code  420  with the RFID circuit  424  onto a high frequency electric field generated by the further eleventh data communication equipment  423   b  of the fourth portable computer  412 . 
     In a fifth process  405  the thirteenth data connection  419  is established between the fourth tool  414  and the fourth portable computer  412 . The thirteenth data connection  419  can for example be established by bringing the fourth tool  414  into a designated region in the vicinity of the fourth portable computer  412 . In case the fourth tool  414  is an RFID tag the thirteenth data connection  419  may for example be established by bringing the fourth tool  414  close enough to the fourth portable computer  412  to allow the further eleventh data communication equipment  423   b  of the fourth portable computer  412  to communicate with the thirteenth data communication equipment  425  of the fourth tool  414 . In another embodiment the thirteenth data connection  419  can be established by plugging the fourth tool  414  into the fourth portable computer  412 , thus creating an electrical connection between the further eleventh data communication equipment  423   b  of the fourth portable computer  412  and the thirteenth data communication equipment  425  of the fourth tool  414 . 
     In a sixth process  406  the fifth code  421  containing the fourth personal data  427  about the owner of the fourth portable computer  412  is sent from the fourth tool  414  to the fourth portable computer  412  via the thirteenth data connection  419 . In case the fourth tool  414  is an RFID tag and the thirteenth data communication equipment  425  of the fourth tool  414  is an RFID circuit, the fourth tool  414  modulates the fifth code  421  with the RFID circuit  425  onto a high frequency electric field generated by the further eleventh data communication equipment  423   b  of the fourth portable computer  412 . 
     In a seventh process  407  the twelfth data connection  418  is established between the fourth tool  414  and the third portable computer  411 . The twelfth data connection  418  can for example be established by bringing the fourth tool  414  into a designated region in the vicinity of the third portable computer  411 . In case the fourth tool  414  is an RFID tag the twelfth data connection  418  may for example be established by bringing the fourth tool  414  close enough to the third portable computer  411  to allow the eleventh data communication equipment  423   a  of the third portable computer  411  to communicate with the thirteenth data communication equipment  425  of the fourth tool  414 . In another embodiment the twelfth data connection  418  can be established by plugging the fourth tool  414  into the third portable computer  411 , thus creating an electrical connection between the eleventh data communication equipment  423   a  of the third portable computer  411  and the thirteenth data communication equipment  425  of the fourth tool  414 . 
     In an eighth process  408  the same fifth code  421  as in the sixth process  406  is sent from the fourth tool  414  to the third portable computer  411  via the twelfth data connection  418 . In case the fourth tool  414  is an RFID tag and the thirteenth data communication equipment  425  of the fourth tool  414  is an RFID circuit, the fourth tool  414  modulates the fifth code  421  with the RFID circuit  425  onto a high frequency electric field generated by the eleventh data communication equipment  423   a  of the third portable computer  411 . 
     In a ninth process  409  the third portable computer  411  or the fourth portable computer  412  or both verify if the persons identified by the third and fourth personal data  426 ,  427  obtained with the fourth and fifth codes  420 ,  421  are permitted to establish the ninth data connection  415 . The third portable computer  411  verifies if the person identified by the third personal data  426 , obtained with the fourth code  420  in the second process  402 , is the true owner of the third portable computer  411 . If so, in a tenth process  410  the third portable computer  411  opens the connection  415  to the computer that belongs to the person identified by the fourth personal data  427 , obtained with the fifth code  421  in the seventh process  407 . In the ninth process  409  also the fourth portable computer  412  verifies if the person identified by the fourth personal data  427 , obtained with the fifth code  421  in the sixth process  406 , is the true owner of the fourth portable computer  412 . If so, in the tenth process  410  the fourth portable computer  412  accepts the connection  415  by the computer that belongs to the person identified by the third personal data  426 , obtained with the fourth code  420  in the fourth process  404 . 
     If the person identified by the third personal data  426  is not recognized as the true owner of the third portable computer  411  in the ninth process  409 , or the person identified by the fourth personal data  427  is not recognized as the true owner of the fourth portable computer  412  in the ninth process  409 , establishing of the ninth data connection  415  is refused in an eleventh process  499 . 
     The preceding description describes advantageous example embodiments. The features disclosed therein and the claims and the drawings can, therefore, be useful for realizing various embodiments, both individually and in any combination. While the foregoing is directed to specific embodiments, other and further embodiments may be devised without departing from the basic scope, the scope being determined by the claims that follow. 
     Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of alternate and/or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present invention. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific embodiments discussed herein. Therefore, it is intended that this invention be limited only by the claims and the equivalents thereof.