Abstract:
Disclosed is a display apparatus which does not use some elements of cases and set cover members necessary for producing the display apparatus and thus can minimize a thickness and enhance a sense of beauty with an innovative design. The display apparatus includes a display panel, a panel supporting member, an adhesive member, a guide frame, and a cover member. The panel supporting member is disposed to have a side inserting space, and supports a rear edge of the display panel. The adhesive member is disposed at the panel supporting member, and couples the display panel and the panel supporting member. The guide frame supports the panel supporting member. The cover member is inserted into the side inserting space of the panel supporting member, and surrounds a side surface of the guide frame, thereby enabling movement of the panel supporting member.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a divisional of pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/338,720, filed on Dec. 28, 2011, which claims the benefit of the Korean Patent Application No. 10-2011-0035888 filed on Apr. 18, 2011, which are hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to a display apparatus, and more particularly, to a display apparatus which does not use some elements of cases and set cover members necessary for producing the display apparatus and thus can minimize a thickness and enhance a sense of beauty with an innovative design. 
         [0004]    2. Discussion of the Related Art 
         [0005]    Recently, flat panel display apparatuses that can decrease a weight and a volume corresponding to the limitations of Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) are being developed. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), Plasma Display Panels (PDPs), Field Emission Display (FED), and light emitting display are actively being researched as flat type display apparatuses. However, among such flat panel display apparatuses, Liquid Crystal Display are easily manufactured, have good drivability of drivers, realize a high-quality image, and thus are attracting much attention. 
         [0006]    In terms of technology and design interesting to consumers, recently, research and development of flat panel display apparatuses are increasingly required. Therefore, efforts are being continuously made for minimizing (slimming) the thicknesses of display apparatuses, and research is increasingly conducted on a design with enhanced sense of beauty that can induce consumers to buy by appealing to the consumers&#39; sense of beauty. 
         [0007]    However, in design development for enhancing a scene of beauty or slimming of display apparatus that have been made to date, elements configuring a related art display apparatus have been applied as is, and the structures of the elements have been changed. Due to these reasons, there are limitations in slimming display apparatus and developing the new designs of the display apparatus. 
         [0000]    For example, in LCD of the related art, a lower case and a front case are necessarily used for receiving a liquid crystal display panel and a backlight unit, and moreover, a separate front set cover and rear set cover are additionally used for applying the LCD to notebook computers, monitors, mobile devices, televisions, etc. As described above, display apparatus of the related art necessarily use the front set cover and rear set cover as well as the lower case and front case, and consequently, there are limitations in reducing the thicknesses of LCD or changing the designs thereof. Particularly, the front set cover and rear set cover necessarily cover a top edge of a liquid crystal display panel. Due to this reason, the thicknesses of display apparatus inevitably become thicker, and moreover, the border widths of the display apparatus enlarge. In addition, it is difficult to realize various innovative designs due to a step height in a border portion. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0008]    Accordingly, the present invention is directed to provide a display apparatus that substantially obviates one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. 
         [0009]    An aspect of the present invention is directed to provide a display apparatus which does not use some elements of cases and set cover members necessary for producing the display apparatus and thus can minimize a thickness and enhance a sense of beauty with an innovative design. 
         [0010]    Another aspect of the present invention is directed to provide a display apparatus which can prevent light leakage due to the non-movement of a display panel that is caused by removing some elements of cases and set cover members. 
         [0011]    Additional advantages and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings. 
         [0012]    To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is provided a display apparatus including: a display panel; a panel supporting member disposed to have a side inserting space, and supporting a rear edge of the display panel; an adhesive member disposed at the panel supporting member, and coupling the display panel and the panel supporting member; a guide frame supporting the panel supporting member; and a cover member inserted into the side inserting space of the panel supporting member, and surrounding a side surface of the guide frame, thereby enabling movement of the panel supporting member. 
         [0013]    A top and side surface of the display panel may be exposed to the outside without being surrounded by the guide frame and the cover member. 
         [0014]    The panel supporting member may include: a frame disposing part disposed at the guide frame; a vertical portion formed vertically from the frame disposing part to have a certain height; and a panel disposing part bent from the vertical portion to face the frame disposing part, and forming the side inserting space and including a panel disposing part with the adhesive member disposed therein. 
         [0015]    The cover member may include: a front cover inserted into the side inserting space of the panel supporting member; and a side cover bent from the front cover, and surrounding a side surface of the frame disposing part and the side surface of the guide frame. 
         [0016]    The front cover may be inserted into the side inserting space to be respectively separated from the frame disposing part and the vertical portion by a certain distance. 
         [0017]    The front cover may be inserted into the side inserting space to be separated from the frame disposing part by a certain distance. 
         [0018]    The cover member may be formed in a tetragonal frame shape to have a ⊂-shaped sectional surface by the front cover and the side cover. 
         [0019]    The display apparatus may further include a coupling member coupled to the guide frame through the side cover of the cover member to fix the cover member. 
         [0020]    The cover member may further include a rear cover which is bent from the side cover to face a rear surface of the supporting cover, and the coupling member may be coupled to the supporting cover through the rear cover to fix the cover member. 
         [0021]    The display apparatus may further include a set cover supporting the supporting cover, and surrounding the side cover of the cover member and a side surface of the display panel other than a front surface of the display panel. 
         [0022]    The display panel may be disposed to overlap with an entire top of the front cover, and the panel disposing part may be disposed to overlap with the entire top of the front cover. 
         [0023]    The display apparatus may further include a set cover supporting the supporting cover, and surrounding the side cover of the cover member and a side surface of the display panel other than a front surface of the display panel. 
         [0024]    The panel supporting member may be formed in a tetragonal frame shape to include the frame disposing part, vertical portion, and panel disposing part. 
         [0025]    The panel supporting member may further include a plurality of slits which are disposed at certain intervals in at least one of the panel disposing part and the frame disposing part. 
         [0026]    The panel supporting member may include first to fourth supporting brackets which are formed to include the frame disposing part, vertical portion, and panel disposing part, coupled to respective edge portions of long sides and short sides of the display panel by the adhesive member, and supported by the guide frame. 
         [0027]    The panel supporting member may further include a plurality of slits which are formed at certain intervals at the panel disposing part of each of the first to fourth supporting brackets, the adhesive member being disposed at the panel disposing part. 
         [0028]    The panel supporting member may include first to fourth supporting brackets which are formed to include the frame disposing part, vertical portion, and panel disposing part, coupled to respective rear edge portions of the display panel at certain intervals by the adhesive member, and supported by the guide frame. 
         [0029]    It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0030]    The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention. In the drawings: 
           [0031]      FIG. 1  is a view schematically illustrating a display apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0032]      FIG. 2  is an enlarged view of a portion A of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0033]      FIG. 3  is a view for describing a guide frame, panel supporting member, adhesive member, and cover member of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0034]      FIG. 4  is a view for describing another embodiment of the panel supporting member of  FIG. 3  according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0035]      FIG. 5  is a view for describing a panel supporting member of  FIG. 1  according to a second embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0036]      FIG. 6  is a view for describing another embodiment of the panel supporting member of  FIG. 5  according to the second embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0037]      FIGS. 7 and 8  are views for describing a panel supporting member of  FIG. 1  according to a third embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0038]      FIGS. 9 to 11  are views for describing modification embodiments of a supporting bracket of  FIG. 7 ; 
           [0039]      FIG. 12  is a view schematically illustrating a display apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0040]      FIG. 13  is a view schematically illustrating a display apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0041]      FIG. 14  is a view for describing an embodiment of a cover member of  FIG. 13 ; 
           [0042]      FIG. 15  is a view for describing another embodiment of the cover member of  FIG. 13 ; 
           [0043]      FIG. 16  is a view schematically illustrating a display apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0044]      FIG. 17  is a view schematically illustrating a display apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0045]      FIG. 18  is a view schematically illustrating a display apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0046]      FIG. 19  is a view schematically illustrating a display apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention; and 
           [0047]      FIG. 20  is a view schematically illustrating a display apparatus according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0048]    Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. 
         [0049]    Hereinafter, a display apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
         [0050]      FIG. 1  is a view schematically illustrating a display apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 2  is an enlarged view of a portion A of  FIG. 1 . 
         [0051]    Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel  110 , a panel supporting member  120  that is formed to have a side inserting space  120   s  and supports a rear edge of the display panel  110 , an adhesive member  130  that is formed at the panel supporting member  120  and couples the display panel  110  and the panel supporting member  120 , a guide frame  140  that supports the panel supporting member  120 , and a cover member  150  that is inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120  and disposed to surround a side surface of the guide frame  140  so as to enable the movement of the panel supporting member  120 . 
         [0052]    The display panel  110  may be a liquid crystal display panel or an organic light emitting display panel that includes a facing-coupled lower substrate  112  and upper substrate  114 . 
         [0053]    In an embodiment, when the display panel  110  is the liquid crystal display panel, the display panel  110  include the lower substrate  112  and upper substrate  114  that are facing-coupled to each other with a liquid crystal layer (not shown) therebetween, a lower polarizer  116  adhered to the lower substrate  112 , and an upper polarizer  118  adhered to entire one surface of the upper substrate  114 . 
         [0054]    In another embodiment, when the display panel  110  is the organic light emitting display panel, the display panel  110  includes the facing-coupled lower substrate  112  and upper substrate  114 , and depending on the case, the display panel  110  may further include the upper polarizer  118  adhered to entire one surface of the upper substrate  114 . 
         [0055]    The display panel  110  may further include a plurality of circuit films (not shown) adhered to the lower substrate  112 , and a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) adhered to the circuit films. Herein, the circuit films may be adhered to the lower substrate  112  and the PCB by a Tape Automated Bonding (TAB) process, and may be a Tape Carrier Package (TCP) or Chip On Flexible Board/Chip On Film (COF). 
         [0056]    The panel supporting member  120  is formed to have the side inserting space  120   s  and coupled to the rear edge portion of the display panel  110  by the adhesive member  130 . The panel supporting member  120  is coupled to the rear edge portion of the display panel  110  by the adhesive member  130  and movably disposed at the guide frame  140 . 
         [0057]    A panel supporting member  120  according to a first embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 3 , is formed in a tetragonal frame shape to have a ⊂-shaped sectional surface and supports the rear edge portion of the display panel  110 . For this end, the panel supporting member  120  includes a frame disposing part  121 , a vertical portion  123 , and a panel disposing part  125 . 
         [0058]    The frame disposing part  121  is formed in a flat type, and disposed at the guide frame  140 . 
         [0059]    The vertical portion  123  is formed vertically from the frame disposing part  121  to have a certain height. For example, the vertical portion  123  may be bent from an inner end of the frame disposing part  121 . 
         [0060]    The panel disposing part  125  is bent from the vertical portion  123  to face the frame disposing part  121 , thereby forming the side inserting space  120   s . In this case, the side inserting space  120   s  is prepared in a space between the frame disposing part  121  and panel disposing part  125  that face each other with the vertical portion  123  between one side of the disposing part  121  and one side of the panel disposing part  125 . 
         [0061]    The panel supporting member  120  according to the first embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , may further include a plurality of slits  126   a  and  126   b  that are formed at certain intervals, in at least one of the frame disposing part  121  and the panel disposing part  125 . 
         [0062]    Each of the slits  126   a  and  126   b  divide the frame disposing part  121  and/or the panel disposing part  125  at certain intervals. Therefore, the frame disposing part  121  and/or the panel disposing part  125  divided by the slits  126   a  and  126   b  have a certain elastic force and thus move in a Z-axis direction. 
         [0063]    A panel supporting member  120  according to a second embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , includes first to fourth supporting brackets  120   a  to  120   d  that are coupled to the rear edge portions of respective long sides and short sides of the display panel  110 , and supported by the guide frame  140 . 
         [0064]    Each of the first to fourth supporting brackets  120   a  to  120   d  is formed to include the frame disposing part  121 , vertical portion  123 , and panel disposing part  125 , and disposed at the guide frame  140 . Therefore, each of the first to fourth supporting brackets  120   a  to  120   d  disposed at the guide frame  140  has a tetragonal frame shape. 
         [0065]    The panel supporting member  120  according to the second embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 , may further include a plurality of slits  127   a  and  127   b  that are formed at certain intervals, at the frame disposing part  121  and/or panel disposing part  125  of each of the first to fourth supporting brackets  120   a  to  120   d.    
         [0066]    Each of the slits  127   a  and  127   b  divides the frame disposing part  121  and/or panel disposing part  125  of each of the first to fourth supporting brackets  120   a  to  120   d  at certain intervals. Therefore, the frame disposing part  121  and/or panel disposing part  125  of each of the first to fourth supporting brackets  120   a  to  120   d  divided by each of the slits  127   a  and  127   b  have a certain elastic force and thus move in a Z-axis direction. 
         [0067]    A panel supporting member  120  according to a third embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 7 , includes a plurality of supporting brackets  128  that partially support the rear edge portions of respective long sides and short sides of the display panel  110 . 
         [0068]    Each of the supporting brackets  128  is formed to include the frame disposing part  121 , vertical portion  123 , and panel disposing part  125 , and disposed at certain intervals at the guide frame  140 . 
         [0069]    When the display panel  110  is a liquid crystal display panel, in performing the high temperature deformation of the display panel  110 , light leakage such as the spot of the display panel  110  occurs by the direct contact of the display panel  110  and both side ends of each of the supporting brackets  128 , and the degree of deformation of the display panel  110  that is concentrated on both side ends of each of the supporting brackets  128 . To prevent such limitations, as illustrated in  FIG. 9 , each supporting bracket  128  of  FIG. 7  may further include a pair of adhesive member guide parts  125   a , and a plurality of corner cutting parts  125   b  that are respectively formed at both side ends of each of the pair of adhesive member guide parts  125   a.    
         [0070]    The pair of adhesive member guide parts  125   a  are parallely formed to be separated from each other at a top of the panel disposing part  125 , and thus facilitates the formation of the adhesive member  120 . In this case, the adhesive member guide part  125   a  is formed to have a height lower than that of the adhesive member  130  which is formed at the top of the panel disposing part  125 . 
         [0071]    The corner cutting part  125   b  is concavely formed to have a certain slope or a curvature in a length direction of each of the pair of adhesive member guide parts  125   a , at both side ends (border portion) of each of the adhesive member guide part  125   a . The corner cutting part  125   b  forms a certain gap between the display panel  110  and both side ends of the supporting bracket  128  when the display panel  110  and the supporting bracket  128  are deformed by the high temperature deformation of the display panel  110 , and thus prevents both side ends of the supporting bracket  128  from contacting the display panel  110 , thereby preventing light leakage such as the spot of the display panel  110 . 
         [0072]    Each supporting bracket  128  of  FIG. 9 , as illustrated in  FIG. 10 , may further include a pad member  125   c  that is formed at each of the corner cutting parts  125   b.    
         [0073]    The pad member  125   c  is formed at a corner cutting part  125   b  and forms corner portions of both side ends of each of the adhesive member guide parts  125   a . The pad member  125   c  is formed of a material different from that of the adhesive member guide part  125   a , for example, may be formed of a soft material such as rubber, urethane, elastomer, or silicon. The pad member  125   c  may be simultaneously formed together with the adhesive member guide part  125   a , in a double injection process or an insert injection process. Since the pad member  125   c  is formed of a soft material, the pad member  127   b  is deformed by the contact of the display panel  110  in performing the high temperature deformation of the display panel  110 , and thus, a stress is prevented from being concentrated on the display panel  110  by both side ends (side surface corner portions) of each of the supporting bracket  128 , thereby preventing light leakage such as the spot of the display panel  110 . 
         [0074]    On the other hand, each supporting bracket  128  of  FIG. 7  further includes a pair of adhesive member guide parts  125   a  that are formed of a soft material. 
         [0075]    The pair of adhesive member guide parts  125   a  are parallely formed to be separated from each other at a top of the panel disposing part  125 , and thus facilitates the formation of the adhesive member  120 . In this case, the adhesive member guide part  125   a  is formed to have a height lower than that of the adhesive member  130  which is formed at the top of the panel disposing part  125 . Each of the adhesive member guide parts  125   a  may be formed of a soft material, for example, rubber, urethane, elastomer, or silicon. Each of the adhesive member guide parts  125   a  formed of the soft material may be simultaneously formed together with the supporting bracket  128 , in a double injection process or an insert injection process. Each of the adhesive member guide parts  125   a  formed of the soft material defines a position where the adhesive member  130  is formed, and thus facilitates a process of forming the adhesive member guide part  125   a . Also, each of the adhesive member guide parts  125   a  formed of the soft material is deformed by the contact of the display panel  110  in performing the high temperature deformation of the display panel  110 , and thus, a stress is prevented from being concentrated on the display panel  110 , thereby preventing light leakage such as the spot of the display panel  110 . 
         [0076]    Referring again to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , when the display panel  110  is the liquid crystal display panel, light leakage occurs in a space between the supporting brackets  128  that are disposed at the guide frame  140  at certain intervals. Therefore, the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment, as illustrated in  FIGS. 7 and 8 , may further include a plurality of pads  129  that seal respective gaps between the supporting brackets  128 . 
         [0077]    The pads  129  are formed at the guide frame  140  in correspondence with the respective gaps between the supporting brackets  128 , and seal respective gaps between the supporting brackets  128  by contacting the rear surface of the display panel  110 . 
         [0078]    Referring again to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the adhesive member  130  is formed at the panel disposing part  125  of the panel supporting member  120  and couples the display panel  110  and the panel supporting member  120 . In this case, as illustrated in  FIG. 3 ,  5  or  7 , the adhesive member  130  may be formed in correspondence with a length of each of the short side and long side of the display panel  110 , or formed to have a certain length according to the structure of the panel supporting member  120 . That is, the adhesive member  130  is formed at the panel disposing part  125  of the panel supporting member  120  according to any one of the above-described first to third embodiments of  FIGS. 3 to 7 . The adhesive member  130  may be a double-sided tape adhered to the panel disposing part  125 , or an adhesive (for example, a thermosetting adhesive, or a photocurable adhesive) coated on the panel disposing part  125 . 
         [0079]    The guide frame  140  is formed in a tetragonal frame shape to include a supporting part that supports the panel supporting member  120  and a guide side wall that is bent vertically from the supporting part, and supports the panel supporting member  120 . That is, the guide frame  140  is formed to have a ┐-shaped sectional shape, and movably supports the panel supporting member  120  with the supporting part. 
         [0080]    The display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment may further include a supporting cover  160  for supporting the guide frame  140 . 
         [0081]    The supporting cover  160  is formed in a U-shape to have a receiving space, and supports the supporting part of the guide frame  140 . Herein, when the display panel  110  is the liquid crystal display panel, a backlight unit  170  for irradiating light on the display panel  110  is placed in the receiving space of the supporting cover  160 . 
         [0082]    The backlight unit  170 , as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , includes a light guide panel  172 , a reflective sheet  174 , and an optical member  176 . 
         [0083]    The light guide panel  172  is formed in a flat type (or a wedge type) to have a light incident surface, and guides light, inputted from a light source (not shown) through the light incident surface, to the display panel  110 . Herein, the light source may include a fluorescent lamp or a Light Emitting Diode (LED). 
         [0084]    The reflective sheet  174  is disposed at a rear surface of the light guide panel  172  and reflects light, inputted from the light guide panel  172 , to the display panel  110 . 
         [0085]    The optical member  176  is disposed on the light guide panel  172  and enhances the luminance characteristic of light traveling from the light guide panel  172  to the display panel  110 . For this end, the optical member  176  may include at least two of a lower diffusive sheet, a lower prism sheet, an upper prism sheet, and an upper diffusive sheet. 
         [0086]    The cover member  150  is inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120  and disposed to surround a side surface of the panel supporting member  120 , a side surface of the guide frame  140 , and a rear surface of the supporting cover  160 , in order to enable the movement of the panel supporting member  120  coupled to the display panel  110 . Therefore, a top and side surface of the display panel  110  are exposed to the outside without being surrounded by the guide frame  140  and the cover member  150 . That is, in the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment, the display panel  110  is coupled to the panel supporting member  120  by the adhesive member  130 , the panel supporting member  120  coupled to the display panel  110  is disposed at the guide frame  140 , and then the cover member  150  movably surrounds the panel supporting member  120 , thus removing the existing upper case that surrounds a front edge portion of the display panel  110 . 
         [0087]    The cover member  150 , as illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 3 , includes first to fourth cover brackets  150   a  to  150   d  that are inserted into respective side inserting spaces  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120 , disposed at respective edge portions of the short sides and long sides of the guide frame  140 , and disposed to surround the frame disposing part  121  of the panel supporting member  120  and the side surface of the guide frame  140 . 
         [0088]    Each of the first to fourth cover brackets  150   a  to  150   d  includes a front cover  151 , a side cover  153 , and a rear cover  155 . 
         [0089]    The front cover  151  is formed in a “-”-shape to be inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting part  120 . In this case, a length of the front cover  151  is formed longer than that of the frame disposing part  121 . The front cover  151  is inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120 , and thus a lower gap LG (see  FIG. 2 ) and a side gap SG (see  FIG. 2 ) are prepared so as to enable the movement of the panel supporting member  120 . 
         [0090]    The lower gap LG is prepared to have a height less than about 1.5 mm, in the side inserting space  120   s  between the front cover  151  and the frame disposing part  121 . Therefore, the panel supporting member  120  coupled to the display panel  110  moves in at least one of Y-axis and Z-axis directions, inside the lower gap LG. 
         [0091]    The side gap SG is prepared to have a width less than about 2 mm, in the side inserting space  120   s  between a side surface of the front cover  151  and the vertical portion  123 . Therefore, the panel supporting member  120  coupled to the display panel  110  moves in at least one of Y-axis and Z-axis directions, inside the lower gap LG. 
         [0092]    The front cover  151  is inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120 , and thus, an upper gap UG (see  FIG. 2 ) that enables the movement of the display panel  110  in a Z-axis direction may be further prepared by an elastic force of the panel disposing part  125  of the panel supporting member  120 . 
         [0093]    The upper gap UG is a space between the front cover  151  and the panel disposing part  125 , and prepared to have a height less than about 1 mm. Therefore, the display panel  110  coupled to the panel supporting member  120  may move in a Z-axis direction by the elastic force of the panel disposing part  125 , inside the upper gap UG. 
         [0094]    The side cover  153  is bent vertically from an outer end of the front cover  151  and surrounds the side surface of the panel disposing part  125  and the side surface of the guide frame  140 . In this case, a height of the side cover  153  is formed higher than a height from the rear surface of the supporting cover  160  to a top of the frame disposing part  121  of the panel supporting member  120  such that the lower gap LG is prepared at the panel supporting member  120 . That is, the height (H 2 =H 1 +LG) of the side cover  153  is formed higher by the upper gap UG than an entire height H 1  of the supporting cover  160  and panel disposing part  121 . 
         [0095]    The rear cover  155  is bent from the side cover  153  to face the rear surface of the supporting cover  160 . The rear cover  155  is fixed to the supporting cover  160  by a coupling member  180  that is coupled to a bottom of the supporting cover  160  through the rear cover  155 . Therefore, the panel supporting member  120  coupled to the display panel  110  may move in at least one of X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, inside the lower gap LG and side gap SG that are prepared by the front cover  151  of the cover member  150  inserted into the side inserting space  120   s.    
         [0096]    In the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment, the display panel  110  is coupled to the panel supporting member  120  by the adhesive member  130 , and then the panel supporting member  120  coupled to the display panel  110  is disposed at the guide frame  140 , thus removing the existing upper case. In this case, the display panel  110  may be directly coupled to the guide frame  140  by the adhesive member  130  instead of the panel supporting member  120 . However, when the display panel  110  is the liquid crystal display panel, since the display panel  110  is fixed to the guide frame  140  by the adhesive member  130 , a liquid crystal layer is changed because the display panel  110  is pressed by an external force that is applied to the display panel  110  adhered to the adhesive member  130 , or the liquid crystal layer is changed by an adhesive strength due to the adhesive member  130 , causing light leakage. That is, the light leakage can be regarded as being caused by the non-movement of the display panel  110 . 
         [0097]    Therefore, in the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the panel supporting member  120  coupled to the display panel  110  moves inside the lower gap LG and side gap SG that are prepared in the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120  by the cover member  150 , thus preventing light leakage. 
         [0098]    In the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment, the display panel  110  is coupled to the panel supporting member  120  by the adhesive member  130 , the panel supporting member  120  coupled to the display panel  110  is disposed at the guide frame  140 , and then the cover member  150  is inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120  so as to enable the movement of the panel supporting member  120  coupled to the display panel  110 , thereby removing the existing upper. Accordingly, the thickness of the display panel  110  is minimized, and the entire front surface of the display panel  110  is exposed to the outside, thus enhancing a sense of beauty in design. In the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment, the panel supporting member  120  coupled to the display panel  110  may move through the cover member  150 , thereby preventing light leakage that is caused by the non-movement of the display panel  110 . 
         [0099]      FIG. 12  is a view schematically illustrating a display apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0100]    Referring to  FIG. 12 , a display apparatus  20  according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel  210 , a panel supporting member  220  that is formed to have a side inserting space  120   s  and supports a rear edge of the display panel  210 , an adhesive member  130  that is formed at the panel supporting member  220  and couples the display panel  210  and the panel supporting member  220 , a guide frame  140  that supports the panel supporting member  220 , and a cover member  150  that is inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  220  and disposed to surround a side surface of the guide frame  140  so as to enable the movement of the panel supporting member  220 . Except for the display panel  210  and the panel supporting member  220 , the display apparatus  20  having such a configuration includes the same elements as those of the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and thus, the description of the display apparatus  10  is applied to the same elements. 
         [0101]    The display panel  210 , as illustrated in a circular dot line of  FIG. 12 , is configured identically to the display panel  110  of the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment of the present invention, except that the display panel  210  is formed longer than the display panel  110  to overlap with an entire front cover  151  of the cover member  150 . 
         [0102]    The panel supporting member  220  is configured identically to the panel supporting member  120  of the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment of the present invention, except that the panel supporting member  220  is formed longer than the panel supporting member  120  in order for the panel disposing part  125  to overlap with the entire front cover  151 . 
         [0103]    The front cover  151  of the cover member  150  overlaps with a panel disposing part  125  of the panel supporting member  220  and the display panel  210 , and thus is not exposed to the outside. 
         [0104]    In the display apparatus  20  according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the display panel  210  is formed to overlap with the front cover  151  of the cover member  150 , and thus can configure a display product such as a television even without a separate element, for example, a set cover. However, in the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment of the present invention, since a portion of the front cover  151  is exposed to the outside, a separate element such as the set cover is required for configuring a display product. Therefore, the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment of the present invention may be used as a display module, for example, a liquid crystal display module, but the display apparatus  20  according to the second embodiment of the present invention may be used as a display module or a display product. 
         [0105]    The display apparatus  20  according to the second embodiment of the present invention can provide the same effects as those of the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Moreover, in the display apparatus  20  according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the display panel  210  is formed to overlap with the front cover  151  of the cover member  150 , thus more enhancing a sense of beauty in design. 
         [0106]      FIG. 13  is a view schematically illustrating a display apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0107]    Referring to  FIG. 13 , a display apparatus  30  according to the third embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel  110 , a panel supporting member  120  that is formed to have a side inserting space  120   s  and supports a rear edge of the display panel  110 , an adhesive member  130  that is formed at the panel supporting member  120  and couples the display panel  110  and the panel supporting member  120 , a guide frame  340  that supports the panel supporting member  120 , a supporting cover  360  that supports the guide frame  340 , and a cover member  350  that is inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120  and disposed to surround a side surface of the guide frame  340  so as to enable the movement of the panel supporting member  120 . Except for the guide frame  340 , supporting cover  360 , and cover member  350 , the display apparatus  30  having such a configuration includes the same elements as those of the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and thus, the description of the display apparatus  10  is applied to the same elements. 
         [0108]    The guide frame  340  is formed in a tetragonal frame shape to include a supporting part that supports the panel supporting member  120  and a guide side wall that is bent vertically from the supporting part, and supports the panel supporting member  120 . That is, the guide frame  340  is formed to have a ┐-shaped sectional shape, and supports the panel supporting member  120  with the supporting part. The guide frame  340  is coupled to the supporting cover  360 . For this end, the guide frame  340  includes a first coupling member  342  that is formed at the supporting part facing the supporting cover  360 . The first coupling member  342  is formed to have a stepped portion and an inclined portion from an inner surface of the supporting part, and coupled to the supporting cover  360 . 
         [0109]    The supporting cover  360  is formed in a U-shape to have a receiving space, and supports the supporting part of the guide frame  340 . Herein, when the display panel  110  is the liquid crystal display panel, a backlight unit  170  for irradiating light on the display panel  110  is placed in the receiving space of the supporting cover  360 . The supporting cover  360  includes a second coupling member  362  coupled to the first coupling member  342  that is formed at the guide frame  340 . The second coupling member  362  is concavely formed at a supporting side wall that supports the guide frame  340  to bind the stepped portion of the first coupling member  342  formed at the guide frame  340 , and thus couples the guide frame  340  and the supporting cover  360 . 
         [0110]    The cover member  350  is inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120  and disposed to surround a side surface of the panel supporting member  120 , a side surface of the guide frame  340 , and a rear surface of the supporting cover  360 , in order to enable the movement of the panel supporting member  120  coupled to the display panel  110 . Therefore, a top and side surface of the display panel  110  are exposed to the outside without being surrounded by the guide frame  340  and the cover member  350 . 
         [0111]    A cover member  350  according to an embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 14 , includes first to fourth cover brackets  350   a  to  350   d  that are inserted into respective side inserting spaces  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120 , disposed at respective edge portions of the short sides and long sides of the guide frame  340 , and disposed to surround the frame disposing part  121  of the panel supporting member  120  and the side surface of the guide frame  340 . 
         [0112]    Each of the first to fourth cover brackets  350   a  to  350   d  includes a front cover  351  and a side cover  353 . 
         [0113]    The front cover  351  is formed in a “-”-shape to be inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting part  120 . In this case, a length of the front cover  351  is formed longer than that of the frame disposing part  121 . The front cover  151  is inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120 , and thus a lower gap LG and a side gap SG are prepared in the side inserting space  120   s  with the front cover  351  inserted thereinto so as to enable the movement of the panel supporting member  120 . 
         [0114]    The lower gap LG is prepared to have a height less than about 1.5 mm, in the side inserting space  120   s  between the front cover  351  and the frame disposing part  121 . Therefore, the panel supporting member  120  coupled to the display panel  110  moves in at least one of Y-axis and Z-axis directions, inside the lower gap LG. 
         [0115]    The side gap SG is prepared to have a width less than about 2 mm, in the side inserting space  120   s  between a side surface of the front cover  351  and the vertical portion  123 . Therefore, the panel supporting member  120  coupled to the display panel  110  moves in at least one of Y-axis and Z-axis directions, inside the lower gap LG. 
         [0116]    The front cover  151  is inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120 , and thus, an upper gap UG that enables the movement of the display panel  110  in a Z-axis direction may be further prepared by an elastic force of the panel disposing part  125 , in the side inserting space  120   s  with the front cover  351  inserted thereinto. 
         [0117]    The upper gap UG is prepared to have a height less than about 1 mm, between the front cover  351  and the panel disposing part  125 . Therefore, the display panel  110  coupled to the panel supporting member  120  may move in a Z-axis direction by the elastic force of the panel disposing part  125 , inside the upper gap UG. 
         [0118]    The side cover  353  is bent vertically from an outer end of the front cover  351  and surrounds the side surface of the panel disposing part  125  and the side surface of the guide frame  340 . In this case, a height of the side cover  153  is formed higher than a height from the rear surface of the supporting cover  360  to a top of the frame disposing part  121  of the panel supporting member  120  such that the lower gap LG is prepared in the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120 . That is, the height (H 2 =H 1 +LG) of the side cover  353  is formed higher by the upper gap UG than an entire height H 1  of the supporting cover  360  and panel disposing part  121 . 
         [0119]    A cover member  350  according to another embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 15 , is formed to have a ┐-shaped sectional shape, inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120  that is disposed at respective edge portions of the short sides and long sides of the guide frame  340 , and disposed to surround the frame disposing part  121  of the panel supporting member  120  and the side surface of the guide frame  340 . That is, the cover member  350  according to another embodiment is the same as the cover member  350  according to an embodiment, except that the first to fourth cover brackets  350   a  to  350   d  configuring the cover member  350  according to an embodiment are integrated with each other to form a tetragonal frame shape. 
         [0120]    The side cover  353  is fixed to the guide side wall of the guide frame  340  by the screw  390 , and thus, the cover member  350  is disposed to surround the side surface of the panel supporting member  120  and the side surface of the guide frame  340  through the side cover  353  in order for the front cover  351  to be inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120 . Therefore, the panel supporting member  120  coupled to the display panel  110  may move in at least one of X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, inside the lower gap LG and the side gap SG that are prepared in the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120  by the front cover  351  of the cover member  350 . 
         [0121]    As described above, the display apparatus  30  according to the third embodiment of the present invention can provide the same effects as those of the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0122]      FIG. 16  is a view schematically illustrating a display apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0123]    Referring to  FIG. 16 , a display apparatus  40  according to the third embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel  410 , a panel supporting member  420  that is formed to have a side inserting space  120   s  and supports a rear edge of the display panel  410 , an adhesive member  130  that is formed at the panel supporting member  420  and couples the display panel  410  and the panel supporting member  420 , a guide frame  340  that supports the panel supporting member  420 , a supporting cover  360  that supports the guide frame  340 , and a cover member  350  that is inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  420  and disposed to surround a side surface of the guide frame  340  so as to enable the movement of the panel supporting member  420 . Except for the display panel  410  and the panel supporting member  420 , the display apparatus  40  having such a configuration includes the same elements as those of the display apparatus  30  according to the third embodiment of the present invention, and thus, the description of the display apparatus  30  is applied to the same elements. 
         [0124]    The display panel  410 , as illustrated in a circular dot line of  FIG. 16 , is configured identically to the display panel  110  of the display apparatus  30  according to the third embodiment of the present invention, except that the display panel  210  is formed longer than the display panel  110  to overlap with an entire front cover  351  of the cover member  150 . 
         [0125]    The panel supporting member  420  is configured identically to the panel supporting member  120  of the display apparatus  30  according to the third embodiment of the present invention, except that the panel supporting member  220  is formed longer than the panel supporting member  120  in order for the panel disposing part  125  to overlap with the entire front cover  351 . 
         [0126]    The front cover  351  of the cover member  350  overlaps with a panel disposing part  125  of the panel supporting member  220  and the display panel  410 , and thus is not exposed to the outside. 
         [0127]    In the display apparatus  40  according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the display panel  410  is formed to overlap with the front cover  351  of the cover member  350 , and thus can configure a display product such as a television even without a separate element, for example, a set cover. However, in the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment of the present invention, since a portion of the front cover  151  is exposed to the outside, a separate element such as the set cover is required for configuring a display product. Therefore, the display apparatus  40  according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention may be used as a display module, for example, a liquid crystal display module, but the display apparatus  30  according to the third embodiment of the present invention may be used as a display module or a display product. 
         [0128]    The display apparatus  40  according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention can provide the same effects as those of the display apparatus  30  according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Moreover, in the display apparatus  40  according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the display panel  410  is formed to overlap with the front cover  351  of the cover member  350 , thus more enhancing a sense of beauty in design. 
         [0129]      FIG. 17  is a view schematically illustrating a display apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0130]    Referring to  FIG. 17 , a display apparatus  50  according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel  110 , a panel supporting member  120  that is formed to have a side inserting space  120   s  and supports a rear edge of the display panel  110 , an adhesive member  130  that is formed at the panel supporting member  120  and couples the display panel  110  and the panel supporting member  120 , a guide frame  140  that supports the panel supporting member  120 , a supporting cover  160  that supports the guide frame  140 , a cover member  150  that is inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120  and disposed to surround a side surface of the guide frame  140  so as to enable the movement of the panel supporting member  120 , and a set cover  190  that supports the supporting cover  160  and surrounds the cover member  150  and a side surface of the display panel  110  other than a front surface of the display panel  110 . Except for the set cover  190 , the display apparatus  50  having such a configuration includes the same elements as those of the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and thus, the description of the display apparatus  10  is applied to the same elements. 
         [0131]    The set cover  190  includes a set plate  192  and a set side wall  194 . 
         [0132]    The set plate  192  is formed in a flat type and supports the supporting cover  160  and the cover member  150 . The set plate  192  acts as a rear cover of the produced display apparatus  50 . That is, the set plate  192  may be used as a rear cover of a display product such as a television or a notebook computer. 
         [0133]    The set side wall  194  surrounds the side surface of the display panel  110  other than the front surface of the display panel  110 , and a front cover and side cover of the cover member  150  exposed to the outside. For this end, the set side wall  194  is formed to have a ┐-shape and disposed along an edge portion of the set plate  192 . In this case, the set side wall  194  is coupled to the set plate  192  by a screw  196  that is coupled to the set side wall  194  through the set plate  192 . The set side wall  194  configures a front border of the display panel  110 , and acts as a side cover of the produced display apparatus  50 . That is, the set plate  192  may be used as a side cover of a display product such as a television or a notebook computer. 
         [0134]    In separately manufacturing the display panel  110  and the set cover  190 , a gap space due to a process error is formed between the set side wall  194  and a side surface of the display panel  110  because the process error occurs in manufacturing. Due to this reason, foreign substances such as dust penetrate into the display apparatus  50  through the gap space. To prevent such a limitation, the display apparatus  50  according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention may further include a sealing member  195  that seals the gap space. 
         [0135]    The sealing member  195  seals the gap space between the set side wall  194  and the side surface of the display panel  110 , and thus prevents foreign substances such as dust from penetrating into the display apparatus  50  through the gap space. In this case, the sealing member  195  is formed to have the same color such that an aesthetic effect does not decrease due to a color difference between the set side wall  194  and the sealing member  195 . 
         [0136]    A sealing member  195  according to an embodiment is integrated with the set side wall  194  by a double injection process, and seals the gap space between the set side wall  194  and the side surface of the display panel  110 . 
         [0137]    A sealing member  195  according to another embodiment is formed in a ring shape or a pin shape, and inserted into the gap space between the set side wall  194  and the side surface of the display panel  110  to seal the gap space. 
         [0138]    The display apparatus  50  according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention surrounds the side surface and rear surface of the display apparatus  10  according to the first embodiment of the present invention by using the set cover  190 , and thus enables the practical use of a display product with a minimized thickness and an enhanced sense of beauty, for example, a television. 
         [0139]      FIG. 18  is a view schematically illustrating a display apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0140]    Referring to  FIG. 18 , a display apparatus  60  according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel  210 , a panel supporting member  220  that is formed to have a side inserting space  120   s  and supports a rear edge of the display panel  210 , an adhesive member  130  that is formed at the panel supporting member  220  and couples the display panel  210  and the panel supporting member  220 , a guide frame  140  that supports the panel supporting member  220 , a supporting cover  160  that supports the guide frame  140 , a cover member  150  that is inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  220  and disposed to surround a side surface of the guide frame  140  so as to enable the movement of the panel supporting member  220 , and a set cover  290  that supports the supporting cover  160  and surrounds the cover member  150  and a side surface of the display panel  210  other than a front surface of the display panel  210 . Except for the set cover  290 , the display apparatus  60  having such a configuration includes the same elements as those of the display apparatus  20  according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and thus, the description of the display apparatus  20  is applied to the same elements. 
         [0141]    The set cover  290  supports the supporting cover  160  and the cover member  150 , and surrounds a side cover of the cover member  150  and a side surface of the display panel  210  other than a front surface of the display panel  210 . For this end, the set cover  290  is formed in a U-shape to include a set plate and a set side wall bent from the set plate. In this case, the set cover  290  may be coupled to the cover member  150  through the set side wall, or coupled to the cover member  150  or the supporting cover  160  by a screw (not shown) that is coupled to the supporting cover  160  through the set plate. The set cover  290  configures a front border of the display panel  210  through the set side wall, and acts as a rear product cover and side product cover of the produced display apparatus  60 . That is, the set cover  290  may be used as a product cover that is externally exposed to surround portions other than the front surface of the display panel  210  of a display product such as a television or a notebook computer. 
         [0142]    The display apparatus  60  according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention may further include a sealing member (not shown) that seals a gap space between the side surface of the display panel  210  and the set side wall of the set cover  290 . The sealing member is formed to be integrated with the set side wall by a double injection process, or formed in a ring shape or a pin shape to seal the gap space. 
         [0143]    The display apparatus  60  according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention surrounds the side surface and rear surface of the display apparatus  20  according to the second embodiment of the present invention by using the set cover  290 , and thus enables the practical use of a display product with a minimized thickness and an enhanced sense of beauty, for example, a television. 
         [0144]      FIG. 19  is a view schematically illustrating a display apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0145]    Referring to  FIG. 19 , a display apparatus  70  according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel  110 , a panel supporting member  120  that is formed to have a side inserting space  120   s  and supports a rear edge of the display panel  110 , an adhesive member  130  that is formed at the panel supporting member  120  and couples the display panel  110  and the panel supporting member  120 , a guide frame  340  that supports the panel supporting member  120 , a supporting cover  360  that supports the guide frame  340 , a cover member  350  that is inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  120  and disposed to surround a side surface of the guide frame  340  so as to enable the movement of the panel supporting member  120 , and a set cover  190  that supports the supporting cover  360  and surrounds the cover member  350  and a side surface of the display panel  110  other than a front surface of the display panel  110 . The display apparatus  70  having such a configuration is configured to surround the side surface and rear surface of the display apparatus  30  according to the third embodiment of the present invention by using set cover  190  of the display apparatus  50  according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, and thus, the description of the display apparatus  50  is applied to the display apparatus  70 . 
         [0146]    Accordingly, the display apparatus  70  according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention surrounds the side surface and rear surface of the display apparatus  30  according to the third embodiment of the present invention by using the set cover  190 , and thus enables the practical use of a display product with a minimized thickness and an enhanced sense of beauty, for example, a television. 
         [0147]      FIG. 20  is a view schematically illustrating a display apparatus according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0148]    Referring to  FIG. 20 , a display apparatus  80  according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention includes a display panel  410 , a panel supporting member  420  that is formed to have a side inserting space  120   s  and supports a rear edge of the display panel  410 , an adhesive member  130  that is formed at the panel supporting member  420  and couples the display panel  410  and the panel supporting member  420 , a guide frame  340  that supports the panel supporting member  420 , a supporting cover  360  that supports the guide frame  340 , a cover member  350  that is inserted into the side inserting space  120   s  of the panel supporting member  420  and disposed to surround a side surface of the guide frame  340  so as to enable the movement of the panel supporting member  420 , and a set cover  290  that supports the supporting cover  360  and surrounds the cover member  350  and a side surface of the display panel  410  other than a front surface of the display panel  410 . The display apparatus  80  having such a configuration is configured to surround the side surface and rear surface of the display apparatus  40  according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention by using set cover  290  of the display apparatus  60  according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, and thus, the description of the display apparatus  60  is applied to the display apparatus  80 . 
         [0149]    Accordingly, the display apparatus  80  according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention surrounds the side surface and rear surface of the display apparatus  40  according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention by using the set cover  290 , and thus enables the practical use of a display product with a minimized thickness and an enhanced sense of beauty, for example, a television. 
         [0150]    As described above, in the display apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention, the display panel is coupled to the panel supporting member by the adhesive member, the panel supporting member coupled to the display panel is disposed at the guide frame, and then the cover member movably surrounds the panel supporting member coupled to the display panel. 
         [0151]    According to the embodiments of the present invention, by removing the existing upper case, the thickness of the display apparatus can be minimized. 
         [0152]    Moreover, the entire front surface of the display panel is exposed to the outside, thus enhancing a sense of beauty in design. 
         [0000]    Moreover, the panel supporting member coupled to the display panel moves, thus preventing light leakage due to the non-movement of the display panel. 
         [0153]    It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the inventions. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.