Abstract:
In accordance with one embodiment, the present invention provides a bipolar junction transistor including an emitter region; a base region; a first isolation between the emitter region and the base region; a gate on the first isolation region and overlapping at least a portion of a periphery of the emitter region; a collector region; and a second isolation between the base region and the collector region.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    This invention relates generally to semiconductor devices, and more particularly to bipolar junction transistors. 
         [0003]    2. Description of the Prior Art 
         [0004]    As known in the art, bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), which can be formed using a CMOS compatible process, are key parts of analog integrated circuits such as band-gap voltage reference circuits. These circuits are often sensitive to Vbe (base-emitter voltage) value and Vbe mismatch of BJT. 
         [0005]    Unfortunately, the prior art CMOS process compatible BJT structure is not able to control Vbe value and the Vbe mismatch characteristic is unsatisfactory due to salicide non-uniformity that typically occurs at the edge of the active region. The salicide is formed in the active region to reduce the contact resistance. It has been found that salicide encroachment at the edge of the active region causes P + /N well junction leakage, thus leading to worse Vbe mismatch performance. One approach to improve salicide non-uniformity is to reduce cobalt thickness during the salicide formation. However, this approach adversely affects resistance for non-salicide resistors. 
         [0006]    Therefore, there is a need in the industry to provide an improved structure of bipolar junction transistors, which is able to control Vbe value of the BJT and provide reduced Vbe mismatch. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    It is one objective of the invention to provide an improved structure of bipolar junction transistors, which is able to control Vbe value of the BJT and provide reduced Vbe mismatch. 
         [0008]    From one aspect, in accordance with one embodiment, the present invention provides a bipolar junction transistor including an emitter region; a base region; a first isolation between the emitter region and the base region; a gate on the first isolation region and overlapping at least a portion of a periphery of the emitter region; a collector region; and a second isolation between the base region and the collector region. 
         [0009]    From another aspect, in accordance with another embodiment, the present invention provides a bipolar junction transistor including an emitter region; a base region; a first isolation between the emitter region and the base region; a gate on the first isolation region, wherein a sidewall spacer of the gate fills into a recess between the first isolation and the emitter region; a collector region; and a second isolation between the base region and the collector region. 
         [0010]    These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0011]    The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings: 
           [0012]      FIG. 1  is an exemplary layout diagram of a substantially concentric PNP bipolar junction transistor according to one embodiment of the invention; 
           [0013]      FIG. 2  is a schematic, cross-sectional view of the PNP bipolar junction transistor in  FIG. 1 , taken along line I-I′ of  FIG. 1 ; and 
           [0014]      FIG. 3  is a schematic, cross-sectional view of a PNP bipolar junction transistor in accordance with another embodiment of this invention. 
       
    
    
       [0015]    It should be noted that all the figures are diagrammatic. Relative dimensions and proportions of parts of the drawings have been shown exaggerated or reduced in size, for the sake of clarity and convenience in the drawings. The same reference signs are generally used to refer to corresponding or similar features in modified and different embodiments. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0016]    The structure and layout of the present invention bipolar junction transistor (BJT) are described in detail. The improved BJT structure is described for a lateral PNP bipolar junction transistor, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that by changing the polarity of the conductive dopants lateral NPN bipolar junction transistors can be made. 
         [0017]    Please refer to  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 .  FIG. 1  is an exemplary layout diagram of a substantially concentric PNP bipolar junction transistor  1  according to one embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 2  is a schematic, cross-sectional view of the PNP bipolar junction transistor in  FIG. 1 , taken along line I-I′ of  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , the PNP bipolar junction transistor  1  can be formed in a semiconductor substrate  10  such as a P type doped silicon substrate. The PNP bipolar transistor  1  comprises a P +  doping region  101  that functions as an emitter region of the PNP bipolar transistor  1 , which can be formed within an N well  14 . The rectangular shape of the emitter region  101  as set forth in  FIG. 1  is merely exemplary. The contour of the emitter region  101  is indicated by dashed line. 
         [0018]    An N +  doping region such as an annular N +  doping region  102  that functions as a base region of the PNP bipolar junction transistor  1  can be disposed about at least a portion of a periphery of the emitter region  101 . The rectangular shape of the N +  doping region  102  as set forth in  FIG. 1  is merely exemplary. An isolation region, such as an annular shallow trench isolation (STI) region  202  can be disposed between the emitter region  101  and the base region  102 . According to the embodiment of this invention, the emitter region  101 , the base region  102  and the isolation region  202  can be formed within the N well  14 . 
         [0019]    A P +  doping region such as an annular P +  doping region  103  that functions as a collector region of the PNP bipolar junction transistor  1  can be disposed about at least a portion of a periphery of the base region  102 . Likewise, the rectangular shape of the P +  doping region  103  as set forth in  FIG. 1  is merely exemplary. An isolation region such as an annular STI region  204  can be disposed between the collector region  103  and the base region  102 . The isolation region  202  can be spaced apart and physically separated from the isolation region  204 . 
         [0020]    A gate such as a continuous, annular polysilicon gate  104  can be provided on the isolation region  202  and overlaps with at least a portion of a periphery the emitter region  101 . The gate  104  may surround the emitter region  101 . According to the embodiment of this invention, the gate  104  may function as a Vbe (base-emitter voltage) control gate. According to the embodiment of this invention, a voltage can be applied on the gate  104  to change the characteristics of the PNP bipolar transistor  1 . For example, a negative gate voltage can be applied to the gate  104  to lower the Vbe of the PNP bipolar transistor  1  and thus lower the breakdown voltage of the PNP bipolar transistor  1 . That is at least because a negative gate voltage applied to the gate  104  can help accumulate hole at the edge between the isolation region  202  and the emitter region  101  and thus result in a more abrupt junction. For an NPN bipolar transistor, a positive gate voltage can be applied to the gate to lower the breakdown voltage. However, according to another embodiment of this invention, the gate  104  may be electrically floating and/or no gate voltage is applied to the gate  104 . According to the embodiment of this invention, the gate  104  may be a P +  doped polysilicon gate. For an NPN BJT, the gate may be an N +  doped polysilicon gate. 
         [0021]    To reduce contact resistance, an emitter salicide layer  301  such as cobalt salicide or the like can be formed on at least a portion of the emitter region  101  that is not covered by the gate  104 . In this embodiment, the emitter salicide layer  301  does not formed in the recess  310  between the isolation  202  and the emitter region  101 , for example, between the inner edge of the isolation region  202  and the emitter region  101 . Since the recess  310  is blocked with the gate  104  during the salicide formation process, the salicide encroachment at the edge of the active region can be alleviated for the emitter region  101 . The P+ region  101 /N-well  14  junction leakage can be reduced by alleviating the salicide encroachment, and thereby a PNP bipolar junction transistor  1  with reduced Vbe mismatch is provided. According to the embodiment of this invention, a base salicide layer  302  such as cobalt salicide or the like can be formed on at least a portion of the base region  102 . According to the embodiment of this invention, a collector salicide layer  303  such as cobalt salicide or the like can be formed on at least a portion of the collector region  103 . 
         [0022]    According to the embodiment of this invention, a gate dielectric layer  401  such as silicon dioxide can be formed in the recess  310  between a polysilicon layer  402  of the gate  104  and the emitter region  101 . The gate  104  may further comprise a salicide layer  403  on the polysilicon layer  402  and at least one sidewall spacer  404 . 
         [0023]      FIG. 3  is a schematic, cross-sectional view of a PNP bipolar junction transistor  1   a  in accordance with another embodiment of this invention, wherein like numeral numbers designate like regions, layers or elements. As shown in  FIG. 3 , likewise, the PNP bipolar junction transistor  1   a  can be formed in a semiconductor substrate  10  such as a P type doped silicon substrate. The PNP bipolar transistor  1   a  comprises a P +  doping region  101  that functions as an emitter region of the PNP bipolar transistor  1   a , which can be formed within an N well  14 . 
         [0024]    An N +  doping region such as an annular N +  doping region  102  that functions as a base region of the PNP bipolar junction transistor  1   a  can be disposed about at least a portion of a periphery of the emitter region  101 . An isolation region such as a STI region  202  can be disposed between the emitter region  101  and the base region  102 . According to the embodiment of this invention, the emitter region  101 , the base region  102  and the isolation region  202  can be formed within the N well  14 . A P +  doping region such as an annular P +  doping region  103  that functions as a collector region of the PNP bipolar junction transistor  1   a  can be disposed about at least a portion of a periphery of the base region  102 . An isolation region such as an annular STI region  204  can be disposed between the collector region  103  and the base region  102 . The isolation region  202  can be spaced apart and physically separated from the isolation region  204 . 
         [0025]    A gate such as a continuous, annular polysilicon gate  104  can be provided on the isolation region  202 . In this embodiment, a sidewall spacer  404   a  of the gate  104  fills into a recess  310  between the isolation region  202  and the emitter region  101 . The gate  104  may surround the emitter region  101 . According to the embodiment of this invention, the gate  104  may function as a Vbe control gate. According to the embodiment of this invention, a voltage can be applied on the gate  104  to change the characteristics of the PNP bipolar transistor  1   a . For example, a negative gate voltage can be applied to the gate  104  to lower the Vbe of the PNP bipolar transistor  1   a  and thus lower the breakdown voltage of the PNP bipolar transistor  1   a . That is at least because a negative gate voltage applied to the gate  104  can help accumulate hole at the edge between the isolation region  202  and the emitter region  101  and thus result in a more abrupt junction. For an NPN bipolar transistor, a positive gate voltage can be applied to the gate to lower the breakdown voltage. However, according to another embodiment of this invention, the gate  104  may be electrically floating and/or no voltage is applied to the gate  104 . According to the embodiment of this invention, the gate  104  may be a P +  doped polysilicon gate. For an NPN BJT, the gate may be an N +  doped polysilicon gate. 
         [0026]    To reduce contact resistance, an emitter salicide layer  301  such as cobalt salicide or the like can be formed on at least a portion of the emitter region  101  that is not covered by the gate  104 . In this embodiment, the emitter salicide layer  301  does not formed in the recess  310  between the isolation region  202  and the emitter region  101 , for example, between the inner edge of the isolation region  202  and the emitter region  101 . Since the recess  310  is blocked with the gate  104  during the salicide formation process, the salicide encroachment at the edge of the active region can be alleviated for the emitter region  101 . The P+ region  101 /N-well  14  junction leakage can be reduced by alleviating the salicide encroachment, and thereby a PNP bipolar junction transistor  1   a  with reduced Vbe mismatch is provided. According to the embodiment of this invention, a base salicide layer  302  such as cobalt salicide or the like can be formed on the at least a portion of base region  102 . According to the embodiment of this invention, a collector salicide layer  303  such as cobalt salicide or the like can be formed on at least a portion of the collector region  103 . 
         [0027]    According to the embodiment of this invention, the recess  310  between the isolation region  202  and the emitter region  101  is filled with the spacer  404   a  on the inner sidewall of the gate  104 . The polysilicon layer  402  of the gate  104  can be formed on the isolation  202  and the polysilicon layer  402  may not overlap with the emitter region  101 . In this case, there may not be gate dielectric layer formed in the recess  310 . 
         [0028]    The BJT provided in the embodiments can be CMOS process compatible parasitic bipolar junction transistors, and is capable of controlling Vbe value of the BJT and/or providing reduced Vbe mismatch. 
         [0029]    Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention.