Abstract:
D-ribose, given in doses of five to 15 grams daily, reduces or prevents the occurrence of atrial fibrillation in persons experiencing atrial fibrillation.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority of U.S. Provisional Application 60/881,940, filed Jan. 23, 2007. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The heart, like other muscles, is caused to contract by electrical stimulation by nerve fibres. The normal electrical conduction system allows the nerve impluse that is generated by the sinoatrial node of the heart to be propagated to and stimulate the myocardium to contract in an orderly progression, resulting in an efficient heart beat. When the nerve impulses proceed in the normal functional manner, the heart is said to be eurhthymic. When the nerve impulses are reduced or non-uniform the heart is said to be arrhythmic. Arrhythmias may be paroxysmal, that is, acute and short lasting, or chronic. 
     Extrasystole, or skipped beat, is generally an acute, recurrent event which can be caused by underlying heart disease, valve defects, or may be induced by triggers such as caffeine, nicotine or alcohol. Extrasystole can be felt as “palpitations” and although disturbing, is not, in itself dangerous. Therapy comprises treatment of an underlying heart condition and avoidance of triggers. 
     Tachycardia is an increased heart rate and can be caused by any trigger that raises the adrenaline levels, such as stress, exercise, strong emotion, caffeine or amphetamine. Heart rate returns to normal as the condition subsides. A severe form of arrhythmia is paroxysmal tachycardia, in which the ventricles contract rapidly and for a prolonged time in the absence of triggers or after the trigger has subsided. The condition is difficult to treat and can be fatal, as the ventricles may pass into fibrillation, in which the blood pressure drops to zero and circulation is halted. Immediate intervention with a defibrillating machine is necessary to preserve life. 
     Atrial fibrillation is a less serious occurrence. When the atria quiver in fibrillation, blood is not passed to the ventricles efficiently. Circulation is not generally impaired if the period of fibrillation is short; however, the stagnated pool of blood may clot and the clots may be passed to the pulmonary circulatory bed, the coronary arteries, the brain or other organs. It is estimated that about 2.2 million Americans suffer from atrial fibrillation and about 15% of strokes are related to this condition. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation may have vague symptoms of unease during an attack or the subject may be completely unaware of the condition. Diagnosis is made by the absence of the P wave, representing depolarization of the atria, on EKG. 
     Atrial fibrillation may be treated with medications which slow the heart rate, “thinning” the blood with aspirin or warfarin to protect the patient from clotting, controlling the heart rate with beta blockers, calcium channel blockers or cardiac glycoside. Electrocardioversion may give persistent normalizing results. 
     The need remains for a simple treatment with no side effects to help control arrhythmias. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It has been discovered by this Applicant that D-ribose, in low doses, treats atrial fibrillation and prevents its occurrence partially or completely. Administration of five grams of D-ribose daily, taken as a single dose or divided into two doses is effective at preventing atrial fibrillation. More preferably, ten grams of D-ribose daily, divided into two to four doses is effective at preventing atrial fibrillation. Most preferably, the subject ingests 15 grams of D-ribose daily, divided into at least three doses. No more than five grams of D-ribose is ingested in one dose. 
     The D-ribose may be taken in a small amount of water, sprinkled on food, or ingested as a powder. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The use of D-ribose to improve the function of skeletal and heart muscle has been documented. U.S. Pat. No. 6,159,943 teaches that D-ribose can relieve the cramps and soreness in skeletal muscle caused by exercise. Pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/692,388 teaches that low doses of D-ribose can improve the cardiac function of patients suffering from congestive heart failure. While the use of D-ribose for improving the function of skeletal and cardiac muscle is now well known, before this invention nothing was known of the effect of D-ribose on nerve function. Not wishing to be bound by theory, Applicant speculates that the beneficial effect of D-ribose found in the following study may be due to improving the transmission of the nerve impulses. 
     Eight patients with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation were administered D-ribose. The results are tabulated below. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 duration  
                 amount of  
                 other 
                   
               
               
                 Patient # 
                 of AT 
                 D-ribose daily 
                 medications 
                 Relief? 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 1. 
                 Recent 
                 N/R* 
                 CoQ 
                 complete, immediate 
               
               
                 2. 
                 N/R 
                 N/R 
                 N/R 
                 complete, immediate 
               
             
          
           
               
                 3. 
                 N/R 
                 5 
                 grams 
                 N/R 
                 “helped” 
               
               
                 4. 
                 N/R 
                 5 
                 grams 
                   
                 complete, within two 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 weeks 
               
               
                 5. 
                 20 years 
                 10 
                 grams 
                 CoQ, L- 
                 complete, immediate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 carnitine, Mg 
                   
               
               
                 6. 
                 N/R 
                 10-15 
                 grams 
                 N/R 
                 “practically 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 nonexistent” 
               
               
                 7. 
                 N/R 
                 5 
                 grams 
                 N/R 
                 complete, immediate 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *N/R = not reported 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     It can be seen from the above data that not all patients are completely and immediately relieved of atrial fibrillation. Patients 5 and 6, all of whom ingested the more preferred and most preferred doses of D-ribose had complete and immediate relief. Patients 3 and 4 had only partial relief (3) or delayed relief (4). Therefore, it is recommended that patients ingest 10 to 15 grams of D-ribose daily. 
     The relief has persisted for more than a year. Therefore, since there are no side effects from the administration of low doses of D-ribose, it is suggested that use should be continued long term or chronically. While 15 grams daily has been shown to be most effective, larger amounts of D-ribose, up to 30 grams a day may be ingested, provided that no one dose exceeds eight grams, preferably five grams. It has been seen in other studies, as discussed more thoroughly in the &#39;388 application, that many people experience flatulence and diarrhea at doses over about eight grams. Most people tolerate a dose of five grams, which is efficacious for the use taught herein, without experiencing these digestive symptoms.