Abstract:
A method and a device for controlling drive units in a printing machine are disclosed. During continuous production, and in anticipation of a foreseeable disruption, one or more measuring values that are suitable for characterizing the disruption, are determined. The measuring values are used to estimate the expected variations caused by the disruptions in the variables affecting the printing process. The variables are preregulated or precontrolled directly before the start of the disruption or during the disruption.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention is directed to methods and a device for controlling the drive units of a printing press. The printing press typically has several printing groups through which a web passes.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    A registration regulation procedure is known from EP 0 951 993 A1. An actual change of a longitudinal extension of a web is detected by measured values during printing, for example web speeds. The registration is reset by an appropriate register adjustment of the cylinder and registration rollers.  
           [0003]    EP 0 837 825 B1 discloses a method for regulating web tension, wherein values which characterize the press state and method-related properties, are used for regulation of the web tension, in addition to the measured actual values of the web tension. Predeterminable web-specific parameters are also introduced into the regulating algorithm, besides the actually measured tension values.  
           [0004]    In accordance with DE 36 05 168 C2, the modulus of elasticity of a web of material, and its cross section are entered into a control or regulating device. A matching of the regulating parameters affecting the chronological behavior and the amplification of the regulating device is performed by use of the modulus of elasticity.  
           [0005]    EP 0 882 588 B1 discloses a web registration regulation on the basis of an indexing mark measured by a sensor whose regulating dynamics can be changed in view of predictable changes. A control is moreover disclosed, wherein predetermined register corrections are selected as a function of a speed measured at a cylinder and are communicated to a the drive regulation device. A predetermined system of curves can include characteristic curves for various types of presses, paper qualities and configurations, which curves are then selected in accordance with the existing conditions.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    The object of the present invention is directed to providing methods and a device for controlling the drive units of a printing press.  
           [0007]    In accordance with the present invention, this object is attained by controlling drive units of a printing press. Corrective values are supplied to the drive units in anticipation of web changes in tension or the like, which changes could affect registration or indexing. In web roll changes, at least one value, which may cause a deviation of a value affecting the printing process, is determined and is used to control the drive units. A time between the introduction of a new web, and its arrival at the printing unit can be determined and used to introduce the correction at the proper time. The corrective value which will compensate for the anticipated trouble can be introduced to the control units prior to the occurrence of the trouble.  
           [0008]    The advantages to be gained by the present invention lie, in particular, in that by use of a pre-regulation, or a pre-control, it is possible to reduce the effect on the printing process to be expected in case of predictable trouble, and that the amount of waste being created can thereby be minimized. The measurement of characteristic values, and the detection of correction values, takes place chronologically before the trouble causing event, and the regulation occurs before, or at the same time as the appearance of the negative effects on an affected unit, not afterwards. The measurement, evaluation and reduction, or removal, of an effect of trouble to be expected therefore occurs prior to the trouble.  
           [0009]    By the use of the regulation of the printing machine, in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to counteract, in particular, trouble during the change of the materials to be imprinted, particularly if the properties of, or the differences between the actual and the new webs are known. The amount of waste being created can thus be reduced.  
           [0010]    This waste reduction is achieved, in an advantageous embodiment, in that prior to gluing the start of a fresh web of material to be imprinted, or prior to its entry into the printing press, its quality is determined. On the basis of this determination, the pre-regulation, or the pre-control of drive units or of displacement elements takes place also prior to the new web being glued on to the old web, or during the new web&#39;s entry, in view of the changes in the register and/or web the tension to be expected.  
           [0011]    Because of the pre-control or pre-regulation in accordance with the present invention, the response times of the regulation device, which typically operates in a reviewing manner; cause, effect, countermeasures during production and/or at the time of the response, or of the asymptotic approach to the nominal value, are clearly reduced.  
           [0012]    The employment of such a measuring and regulating principle by pre-control or pre-regulation is of particular advantage for the regulation of the registration and/or the indexing device of the printing press.  
           [0013]    In case of a driven connection of several units, actuating devices are charged with previously determined correction values for the purpose of pre-regulating the registers or indexing devices. In case of the individual driving of independently driven rotatory units, such as, for example, printing groups or individual printing cylinders, corrections in the linear direction of the web are made, in an advantageous manner, by an appropriate change of the angular position of the individual drive unit, and therefore of the printing group cylinder, or the printing group.  
           [0014]    If a regulation, which automatically operates during production, is lacking, the actuating drive units, or the individual drive units, can still be provided with a correction, for example by the use of an appropriate actuating command, at the appearance of trouble, or prior to the appearance of trouble, for example, at the time of the start of a new web, into the printing press. Theerror to be expected can be minimized or can be compensated for in this way.  
           [0015]    The measuring and regulating principle in accordance with the present invention can also be applied, in an advantageous further embodiment, to a regulation of a web tension. Prior to the appearance of trouble, resulting from different web properties, the trouble&#39;s effects to be expected are determined and the affected drive unit or actuating device, for example tension regulators, torque regulators, etc., are supplied with an appropriate correction value either directly prior to the time of the appearance of the trouble, or at the time of the appearance of trouble. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0016]    Preferred embodiments of the present invention are represented in the drawings and will be described in greater detail in what follows.  
         [0017]    Shown are in:  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 1, a schematic representation of a rotary printing press with a main drive unit and register regulation in accordance with the present invention, in  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 2, a schematic representation of a rotary printing press with individual drive units and register regulation, and in  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 3, a qualitative representation of a chronological axis for the roll change and subsequent corrections. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0021]    A rotary printing press, such as, for example, a web-fed rotary printing press, has a number of processing stages, or units, spaced in a web conveying direction T along a production direction, i.e. along the path of a web  01 , for example a web  01  of material to be imprinted, and in particular along a path of a paper web  01 .  
         [0022]    For a web-fed rotary printing press, such as is schematically represented in FIGS. 1 and 2, these processing stages or units can be, for example, units for providing a paper supply, such as a roll changer  02  with a draw-in unit or device  03 ; one, or a plurality of printing units  04 ,  06 , a traction roller  07 , possibly a linear cutting device  08 , a turning device  09  or register devices  10 , such as a linear register roller  10 , for example, a further traction roller  11 , as well as formers  12  and a folding apparatus  13  with transverse cutting devices, which are not specifically represented in FIGS. 1 and 2. In addition, further processing stages, which are not specifically represented, such as a coating unit, a dryer, and the like can be arranged in a web-fed rotary printing press in the web path.  
         [0023]    Each printing unit  04 ,  06  has either one, or a plurality of printing groups  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18 , which printing groups may be, for example, double groups  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18 , for use in imprinting on both sides of the web  01 . The printing groups  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18  can be arranged side-by-side or can also be arranged on top of each other. If several printing units  04 ,  06  exist, these several units  04 ,  06  can also be side-by-side or on top of each other, with a horizontal or vertical course of the web  01 .  
         [0024]    The web  01  is initially rolled off a roll changer  02  and passes through the printing groups  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18 , which groups imprint the web sequentially, for example four times on the same side. The web  01  is possibly united, upstream of the former  12 , with a second web  01 ′ or with a partial web  01 ′ from a second printing unit, which is not specifically represented, before web  01  is folded in the folding apparatus  13  and is transversely cut. If the web  01  is to be longitudinally cut in the folding superstructure, the second web  01 ′ can, in particular, also be a turned partial web  01 ′ of the longitudinally cut web  01 .  
         [0025]    In order to maintain the indexing devices on the web in place, in the course of multiple printing or, with two-sided imprinting, maintaining the registry, and, when combining several webs  01 ,  01 ′, or partial webs  01 ,  01 ′, and with transverse cutting, to maintain the cutting register, the keeping of the indexing devices in place, or the registry, are customarily checked at one or at several locations along the path of travel of the web  01 . In connection with fully automatic printing presses, this checking is accomplished, for example, by measuring the position of marks or printed images applied by the printing groups  14 ,  16  by the use of a sensor represented, by way of example, at  19  in FIGS. 1 and 2.  
         [0026]    In the case of an automatic register regulation, signals from the sensor  19  are supplied to a regulating device  21 . This regulating device  21  is configured for use in correcting registered deviations in the indexing devices and the register, such deviations being ones occurring in the linear direction x of the web  01 , as well as in its transverse direction y.  
         [0027]    Several of the printing press units mentioned above, in this case the printing groups  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18  and the folding apparatus  13 , are, in the first embodiment depicted in FIG. 1, mutually rotatorily driven via a mechanical driving connection  22  by a main drive unit  23 . The mechanical driving connection  22  can have gears, which are not specifically represented, for example with changeable gearing.  
         [0028]    The signals from the sensor  19  are supplied to the regulating device  21 , which, in turn, acts on, or controls, actuating devices  26 ,  27 ,  28 ,  29 ,  31 , or drive units  26 ,  27 ,  28 ,  29 ,  31 . For example, regulating device  21  acts on, or controls, actuating drive units  26 ,  27 ,  28 ,  29 ,  31 , such as linear register drive units  26 ,  27 ,  28 ,  29  of the printing groups  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18 , or on drive units  31  of the linear register rollers  10 . Further, drive units or actuating drive units, which are not specifically represented, for the lateral register, permit the correction of the web in a direction transversely, with respect to the web  01 , or to the web conveying direction T. It is also possible to assign a linear register drive unit  26 ,  27 ,  28 ,  29  to each of the forme cylinders of the printing groups  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18 , which here are embodied as double printing groups  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18 .  
         [0029]    The regulating device  21 , which operates in a reviewing manner, assures the keeping of the indexing devices or the registry in place and, in case of a measured deviation Δ x, or Δ y from an actual value x-lst, y-lst, returns these to the desired nominal values x-soll, y-soll, or to the desired relative position of the printing groups  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18 , with respect to each other, by actuating the actuating drive units  26 ,  27 ,  28 ,  29 ,  31 , respectively. In this way, the regulating device  21  acts in response to already existing and registered troubles and to the changes resulting from them.  
         [0030]    The causes of such troubles, and the changes resulting therefrom, are numerous. For example, changes in the state of the press, such as accelerations, changes of values with regard to the printing process, such as dampening fluid or ink supply, changes in the web tension, changes in contact pressures, and in particular also changes in the properties of the web  01 , such as the tension-expansion behavior, the thickness, the moisture absorption, etc. of the web all give rise to troubles that cause changes in web registry and indexing.  
         [0031]    If the changes in the properties of the web  01  are substantial, such as are possible, for example, during a change from one paper web  01  to another, because of the operation of the regulating device  21 , a longer or extended time can be required for returning the actual values x-lst, y- lst to the nominal values x-soll, y-soll. Such an extended operation time or a longer response time of the regulating device  21 , can therefore result in an increased amount of waste of the paper web  01 .  
         [0032]    To keep this response time, or the resultant amount of waste of paper web  01 , as low as possible, at least one or possibly several characteristics of the properties of the fresh web are determined before the appearance of trouble, i.e. prior to the change or entry of the fresh web. These characteristics of the fresh web may be determined, for example, before a fresh web is glued to the old one during a flying change.  
         [0033]    The determination of these characteristics of the web properties is performed by the use of a measuring system  32 , which is arranged in close proximity to the roll changer  02 , for example. The measuring system  32  contains optical, acoustic, electromagnetic, capacitive or radiological measuring instruments, for example, which, by determination of measured values “m”, which are obtained on the surface of the fresh web, for example, permit the drawing of conclusions regarding properties or quality of the fresh web, such as, for example, its actual moisture, the thickness of the web, its tension- expansion characteristics, the absorption capacity for moisture, and the like.  
         [0034]    From the measured values “m” of the fresh web obtained in this way, information-providing characteristics regarding the quality of the fresh web, for example, are formed in an evaluation unit  33  which, as depicted in FIG. 1, is embodied as a separate computer and memory unit  33 .  
         [0035]    The evaluation unit  33  is preferably additionally provided with the essential values “g” affecting the properties, or the behavior of the web  01 , during the printing process as well. These values “g” are derived from the state of the press and the web guidance, for example, the dampening fluid or ink supply, the actual web tension, contact pressures, speeds, temperatures, accelerations, number of webs, path of the webs, and the like.  
         [0036]    It is also advantageous if data regarding deviations Δ x, Δ y, or their characteristic numbers, and the corrections k0, the portion by use of the evaluation unit  33  prior to the change and including the portion of the later correction by use of the regulating device  21  detected in the past, are stored in the memory of the evaluation unit  33 . In a further development, such an evaluation unit  33  can be embodied as a self-learning system, and in this way can optimize the regulating process taking place ahead of the roll change.  
         [0037]    The evaluation unit  33  forms either one correction value “k” or several correction values “k” from the measured values “m”, or from the characteristic numbers, together with the values “g” from the printing process and from the possibly previously stored corrections k0. For example, these correction values “k” are supplied, in the simplest case, as additive terms (offset) or as factors (spreading) to the actuating drive units  26 ,  27 ,  28 ,  29 ,  31  in the first preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1 directly or, as represented in the second preferred embodiment of FIG. 2 via the regulating device  21 , and cause a corresponding correction in the register devices or in the indexing devices. For the lateral register of the web, this correction can be, for example, a lateral movement of the affected unit, for the linear register of the web, a relative angular change Δ θ for rotating units, a translatory movement in the linear direction x or a pivoting of a linear register roller  10 , for example. The connection of the regulating device  21  with the actuating drive units  26 ,  27 ,  28 ,  29 ,  31  is not represented in FIG. 1 for reasons of clarity.  
         [0038]    In the case of an automatic register control, in particular, it is possible to take the automatic register control temporarily out of action in order to bring the register or the indexing devices, in the meantime, into the desired position by use of the correction value “k”. This can become necessary if, based on the signals from the sensor  19 , the regulating device  21  would tend to reverse a change forced by the correction values “k”. In that case, the correction values “k” can correspond to new nominal values before the regulation of the register or of the indexing devices is again left to the regulating device  21 .  
         [0039]    The same applies to charging the drive units affecting the web tension with a correction value “k” in case of an automatic web tension regulation.  
         [0040]    The correction is preferably performed, at the latest, at a time which coincides with the appearance of trouble at a unit affected by trouble. For example, at the latest, this time can be the moment of the entry of the fresh web  01  into the second processing stage, for example into the second printing group  16 . It is also possible to select the time to be the time of exit or the time of entry of the gluing point between the old web and the new web out of, or into the draw-in device  03  or, in the case of flying roll changers, during or immediately prior to gluing, for example. In the case of static roll changers, the regulation can take place with the leaving of the web from the storage device and/or the entry of the web into a draw-in device. If the path of the web  01  through the printing press is very long and if the path of the web  01  runs through many units, it can be of advantage to perform the corrections chronologically offset with respect to each other, i.e. timed with the progress of the gluing point respectively at the unit affected by trouble prior to the passage of the trouble spot.  
         [0041]    In the second preferred embodiment, depicted in FIG. 2, the printing groups  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18  and the folding apparatus  13  are, for example, not mutually driven. Each one is driven individually by its own drive and without a positive driving connection. However, it is also possible to form larger, mutually driven sub-units. For example, a printing unit  04 ,  06 , or also further reduced individually driven sub-units, for example each pair consisting of a forme and a transfer cylinder of each cylinder unit can be formed.  
         [0042]    For regulating the indexing devices or the register in the linear direction x, the actuating drive units  26 ,  27 ,  28 ,  29  of the rotatorily correctable units, for example of the printing groups  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18 , can be omitted. Here, a correction takes place by a change of the angular position Δ θ of the respective drive units  34 ,  36 ,  37 ,  38 , and possibly  39 , and therefore by a change of the cylinders which are connected with the drive units  34 ,  36 ,  37 ,  38 , and possibly  39 . The drive units  34 ,  36 ,  37 ,  38 , and possibly  39 , to be regulated in this way, are preferably embodied as electric motors  34 ,  36 ,  37 ,  38 , and possibly  39 , whose angular positions can each be regulated. A change of the path length in the linear direction “x” to be corrected can take place, for example, as was the case in the first preferred embodiment of FIG. 1 by charging the actuating drive mechanism  31  of the linear register roller  10  with a correction value “k”. The same applies to the correction of the lateral registers in the transverse direction “y” by operation of non- represented actuating drive units.  
         [0043]    What was stated in connection with the first preferred embodiment of FIG. 1 should be applied accordingly in regard to the regulating principles, the determination of the correction values “k” and for supplying the correction values “k” to the drive units  34 ,  36 ,  37 ,  38 , and possibly  39 .  
         [0044]    An embodiment of the present invention is advantageous wherein the correction is performed at each printing group, or double printing group  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18 , as depicted in FIG. 3 at the respective optimized time t 14 , t 16 , t 17 , t 18 . Taking the web paths, the time t R  of the roll change and the speed of the web into consideration, it is then possible to change the relative angle of rotation position of several printing groups  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18  successively each by an appropriate correction value “k”. If the drive unit, or units  34  of the first printing group  14 , for example, are used as a reference or sample, the angle of rotation position of each of the one or several successive printing groups  16 ,  17 ,  18  is then charged with an appropriate correction prior to the entry of the gluing point into that respective printing position. This time can be determined for each drive unit  34 ,  36 ,  37 ,  38 , or for each printing group  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18  by using the web speeds, the web paths and the time t R  of the roll change. The inertia of the system, and the finite length of the change of the relative angle of rotation position must additionally be taken into consideration in that, for example, the time t 14 , t 16 , t 17 , t 18  of the charge of each unit  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18  respectively, with a correction value lies appropriately ahead of the actual entry of the gluing point into the respective printing group  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18 . However, this can already be taken into consideration in the course of the determination, or fixing, of the time t 14 , t 16 , t 17 , t 18 , possibly as a function of values “g”. The size of the deviation Δ x, Δ y to be expected is determined, for example, by use of information regarding the quality of the fresh, and possible of the old web  01 , for example by measured values “m”, or by already existing information.  
         [0045]    The above-described successive pre-control of each successive unit can be transferred, in the same way, from the example of the drive units  34 ,  36 ,  37 ,  38  of individually driven printing groups  14 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18  to the drive units  26 ,  27 ,  28 ,  29  in FIG. 1, and/or to drive units for controlling the lateral register.  
         [0046]    In a third preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is not specifically represented in the drawings, the characteristic numbers relevant for the web tension of the web  01  are determined by use of measured values picked up with the aid of the measuring system  32 . The tensions in the web  01  are here what the linear direction “x” and the transverse direction “y” as the values “x”, “y” affecting the printing process had been in the previous examples. Correction values “k”, which are applied as an offset, for example prior to, or at the appearance of the trouble, to the units affecting the web tension, such as the drive unit or the regulating device of the draw-in device  03 , a traction roller  07 ,  11 , and/or to the drive unit or to the regulating device of a compensating roller, which is not specifically represented, are determined from these characterizing numbers, together with the values “g” for the press status and the printing process, and possibly with past data stored in the evaluation unit  33 . The values “g” characterizing the actual press status can contain, for example, measured values “m” regarding the actual web tension, represented by way of example by dashed lines in FIGS. 1 and 2 as sensors  41 , such as compensating rollers, measuring rollers, etc., for example. If this takes place successively with the progression of the gluing point through the printing press, tension peaks, or tension drops, and the resultant danger of a web break, can be reduced. However, in order to provide a simple and dependable method, it is advantageous if the pre-control of at least one of the drives  03 ,  07 , for use in regulating the web tension, is performed, at the latest, with the entry of the start of the new web  01  into the first printing group  14 .  
         [0047]    In connection with all of the described preferred embodiments, the pre-control, or the taking into consideration of other wrong behavior, detected in the course of production printing, by measurement or by observation, and to be expected, can be performed by the above-described method prior to the appearance of the negative results. These incorrect behaviors can be errors affecting the print quality or the printing process, for example, balance errors, gear-meshing errors, groove beating, folding blade beating, interference by the skip slitter, in the course of transverse perforation, natural vibrations, or other error sources. All of these error sources can be measured or can be observed in the front area, can be evaluated, and can be “imprinted” as a correction value “k” on the regulating device  21 , or on the drive units  26 ,  27 ,  28 ,  29 ,  31 ,  34 ,  36   37   38 ,  39  ahead of the negative effects arising from these various error sources.  
         [0048]    The regulation of the registers and/or indexing devices, in accordance with the present invention, is performed in the following manner:  
         [0049]    During production operations, for example, monitoring and regulation of the registers and indexing devices takes place continuously by use of the sensor or sensors  19 , the regulating device  21  and the actuating drive units  26 ,  27 ,  28 ,  29 ,  31 , or by use of the angular position of the drive units  34 ,  36 ,  37 ,  38 ,  39 ,  39 . If a roll change is impending, the measured values “m”, and finally the correction values k for the impending correction to be expected, are formed by operation of the measuring system  32 .  
         [0050]    It is now possible to pre-regulate or to pre-control the registers or the indexing devices in expectation of a defined, anticipated change. The correction values “k” are supplied either immediately prior to gluing, or during the entry of the gluing point into the draw-in device. At the latest, these correction values “k” are supplied immediately prior to the exit of the gluing point out of the draw-in device  03  and are supplied to the actuating drive units  26 ,  27 ,  28 ,  29 ,  31 , or to the drive units  34 ,  36 ,  37 ,  38 ,  39 , and possibly  39 , or are supplied successively, along with the progress of the gluing point through the printing press, to the actuating drive units  26 ,  27 ,  28 ,  29 ,  31 , or to the drive units  34 ,  36 ,  37 ,  38 , and possibly  39 , and the correction is thus performed.  
         [0051]    If directly following the pre-regulation or pre-control, regulations in one or the other direction are performed by the regulating device  21  for the “normal” register regulation, these values can be read back into the evaluation unit  33 , for example, and can be used for forming a correction in the future with comparably measured values “m”.  
         [0052]    The regulation of the web tension takes place in the same or in a similar way. In web tension regulation, the correction values “k” are supplied to the units affecting the web tension, such as the traction rollers and/or the compensation rollers.  
         [0053]    While methods and devices for controlling the drive units in a printing machine, in accordance with the present invention, have been set forth fully and completely hereinabove, it will be apparent to one of skill in the art that various changes in, for example, the specific nature of the web being printed, the construction of the printing units, the types of drive motors, and the like could be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention which is accordingly to be limited only by the appended claims.