Abstract:
An apparatus for clogging blood vessels of an eye fundus includes an illuminating optical system ( 1 ) for illuminating an eye fundus of a subject, who has been given an injection of an infrared fluorescent agent, with infrared rays of light and exciting the infrared fluorescent agent so as to generate infrared fluorescence, a photographic optical system ( 2 ) for observing and photographing the eye fundus, and a projecting optical system ( 21 ) for projecting a laser beam of light having a specific wavelength onto the subject who has been also given an injection of a photosensitive substance which undergoes a photochemical change by the laser beam. In the apparatus, while a region which emits infrared fluorescence is being observed, the laser beam is projected onto the photosensitive substance so as to clog blood vessels of a diseased part in the depth of the eye fundus.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to a method, apparatus, and medicine for clogging blood vessels of an eye fundus. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     There is known a method for clogging blood vessels of an eye fundus. There is also known a photocoagulator used as an apparatus for clogging blood vessels of an eye fundus. In the photocoagulator, an infrared fluorescent agent, called indocyaninegreen, is injected into a subject. When the infrared fluorescent agent circulates through the blood vessels of the eye fundus of the subject, infrared rays of light for excitation are projected onto the eye fundus and, as a result, the infrared fluorescent agent is excited to emit fluorescence. While a region emitting the fluorescence is being observed, a diseased part, such as neovascular vessels of a choroid, in the depth of the eye fundus is specified. After that, a near-infrared semiconductor laser beam is projected onto the diseased part so as to coagulate and treat the diseased part. 
     In this conventional method and apparatus, however, injury to normal tissues is unavoidable during the treatment because of photocoasulation. Therefore, it is expected to develop a fundus treating method by which a diseased part only is treated to the utmost without injury to normal tissues, and develop an apparatus and a medicine used for the treatment. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention was made in view of the foregoing. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a fundus vessel clogging method by which only a diseased part of an eye fundus is treated to the utmost without injuring normal tissues, an apparatus used for clogging the blood vessels, and a medicine to clog them. 
     In order to achieve the object, a fundus vessel clogging method according to an aspect of the present invention includes the steps of furnishing a subject with a photosensitive substance which remains in a diseased part in the depth of the eye fundus where an infrared fluorescent agent remains and which undergoes a photosensitive change in the diseased part by the use of a laser beam with a specific wavelength as well as furnishing the subject with the infrared fluorescent agent, specifying the diseased part in accordance with emission of infrared fluorescence, and projecting the laser beam with the specific wavelength onto the diseased part so that the photosensitive substance will produce a photochemical change, thereby clogging blood vessels of the diseased part in the depth of the eye fundus. 
     In order to achieve the object, a fundus vessel clogging apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention includes an illuminating optical system for illuminating an eye fundus of a subject, who has been furnished with an infrared fluorescent agent, with infrared rays of light so as to excite the infrared fluorescent agent and emit infrared fluorescence, a photographic optical system for observing and photographing the eye fundus, and a projecting optical system for projecting a laser beam with a specific wavelength onto the subject who has been furnished with a photosensitive substance which undergoes a photochemical change by means of the laser beam. In the apparatus, the laser beam is projected onto the photosensitive substance and thereby blood vessels of the diseased part in the depth of the eye fundus are selectively clogged while a region emitting the infrared fluorescence is being observed. 
     In order to achieve the object, a medicine according to an aspect of the present invention includes a mixture containing an infrared fluorescent agent and a photosensitive substance of the following general formula (CHEMICAL FORMULA 3):
 
{CHEMICAL FORMULA 3}
                        
 
where n is 1 or 2.
 
     In order to achieve the object, a medicine according to another aspect of the present invention includes a mixture containing an infrared fluorescent agent and a photosensitive substance of the following general formula (CHEMICAL FORMULA 4):
 
{CHEMICAL FORMULA 4}
                        
 
where n is 1 or 2.
 
     A fundus vessel clogging apparatus according to another aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a diseased part in the depth of an eye fundus is specified by infrared fluorescence, and a laser beam with a specific wavelength is projected onto a photosensitive substance which accumulates in the diseased part and undergoes a photochemical change by means of the laser beam for the purpose of treatment for the diseased part. 
     It is preferable to project an aiming laser beam which serves to distinguish a part where the laser beam is projected from a part where the infrared fluorescence emits in such a way as to superimpose the aiming laser beam upon the laser beam. More preferably, the aiming laser beam is intermittently projected. 
     According to the present invention, the infrared fluorescent agent and the photosensitive substance remain in the diseased part. In this situation, the remaining of the photosensitive substance in the diseased part is larger than that of the infrared fluorescent agent therein. Therefore, the diseased part is observed and specified by the infrared fluorescent agent, and thereafter a laser beam with a wavelength by which the photosensitive substance produces a photochemical change is projected. Thereby, since only the photosensitive substance produces a photochemical change, an influence on normal tissues is avoided as much as possible, and accordingly the diseased part only can be treated. In this case, if a mixture containing an infrared fluorescent agent and a photosensitive substance is used as a medicine, intravenous injection into the subject can be given at a time. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic drawing showing optical systems of a fundus blood vessel clogging apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic sectional view showing the tissue structure of an eye fundus according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic drawing showing optical systems of a fundus blood vessel clogging apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a plan view showing a pattern plate of FIG.  3 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  shows an embodiment of a method for clogging blood vessels of an eye fundus and an apparatus, which is applied to a fundus camera, for clogging the blood vessels. In  FIG. 1 , a reference numeral  1  designates an illuminating optical system of the fundus camera, and reference numeral  2  designates a photographic optical system thereof. The illuminating optical system  1  includes a halogen lamp  3  and a xenon tube  4 . The halogen lamp  3  is conjugate to the xenon tube  4  with respect to a condenser lens  5 . The illumination light of the halogen lamp  3  and that of the xenon tube  4  are condensed by a condenser lens  6  and then are guided to a reflecting mirror  8  through an annular diaphragm  7 . A laser diode may be used instead of the halogen lamp  3 . 
     The illumination light reflected by the reflecting mirror  8  passes through a relay lens  9 , is then reflected by a perforated mirror  10 , is guided to the eye fundus R of a subject through an objective lens  11 , and illuminates the eye fundus R. The light beam from the eye fundus R passes through the objective lens  11  and is then guided to a focusing lens  13  through a hole  12  of the perforated mirror  10 . A quick return mirror  14  is disposed behind the focusing lens  13 . When a photograph is taken with a film (i.e., when a still image is recorded), the quick return mirror  14  is removed from the optical path of the photographic optical system  2 . An image of the fundus is formed on a film  15  by the focusing lens  13 . On the other hand, during observation, the light beam from the fundus R is reflected by the quick return mirror  14 , and the fundus image is formed on a CCD  16 . A signal output of the CCD  16  is converted into an image signal by an image processing circuit (not shown), and the fundus image is formed on a TV monitor (not shown). A surgeon performs an operation, mentioned later, while observing the TV monitor. In the case of visible fluorescence, a fundus image may be observed by the use of a finder optical system  16 ′ which is made up of a quick return mirror  14 ′ and an eyepiece  15 ′. When the finder optical system  16 ′ is not used, the quick return mirror  14 ′ is placed out of the optical path of light reflected by the quick return mirror  14 . 
     In accordance with a photographic mode, an exciter filter  17  for visible fluorescence and an exciter filter  18  for infrared fluorescence are inserted into the optical path between the annular diaphragm  7  and the condenser lens  6 . Correspondingly to the insertion of the exciter filter  17  for visible fluorescence and the exciter filter  18  for infrared fluorescence into the optical path of the illuminating optical system  1 , a barrier filter  19  for visible fluorescence and a barrier filter  20  for infrared fluorescence are inserted into the optical path between the perforated mirror  10  and the focusing lens  13  of the photographic optical system  2 . When the exciter filter  17  for visible fluorescence is inserted into the optical path of the illuminating optical system  1 , green illumination light is guided to the fundus R, and the fundus R is illuminated with the green illumination light. On the other hand, when the exciter filter  11  for infrared fluorescence is inserted into the optical path of the illuminating optical system  1 , red and infrared illumination light is guided to the fundus R, and the fundus R is illuminated therewith. In a color photographic mode except the fluorescence photographic mode, the exciter filters  17 ,  18  are placed out of the optical path of the illuminating optical system  1 , and the barrier filters  19 ,  20  are placed out of the optical path of the photographic optical system  2 . 
     In the optical path of the illuminating optical system  1 , there is disposed a reflecting optical member  22  which serves as a constituent part of a laser projection optical system  21  used for photocoagulation between the reflecting mirror B and the relay lens  9 . In this embodiment, a half mirror is used as the reflecting optical member  22 . The laser projection optical system  21  includes a laser light source  23 . Herein, a source for emitting a laser beam having a wavelength range of visible light (wavelength of 664 nm) is used as the laser light source  23 . A selective diaphragm  24  is disposed in front of the laser light source  23 . The selective diaphragm  24  is conjugate to the fundus R with respect to the objective lens  11 . When a blood vessel clogging treatment is conducted, a shutter  25  is inserted between the CCD  16  and the quick return mirror  14  in accordance with the power of a laser beam. The shutter  25  has a function of preventing the CCD  16  from being burned by the reflection of a laser beam having a high power. Likewise, a shutter  25 ′ is inserted into the finder optical system  16 ′. The laser projection optical system  21  includes a light laser source  27  used for aiming. The laser light source  23  is conjugate to the laser light source  27  with respect to a half mirror  28 . Relay lenses  29 ,  30  are disposed between the half mirror  28  and the reflecting optical member  22 . 
     The selective diaphragm  24  consists of diaphragms  31 ,  32  which differ in aperture diameter from each other. Either of the selective diaphragms  31 ,  32  is inserted between the relay lens  29  and the relay lens  30 . When a treatment for clogging blood vessels of a diseased part is conducted, a laser spot is formed on the fundus R in accordance with the diameter of an aperture of the selective diaphragm  24 . A laser beam emitted by the laser light source  27  is designed to have a wavelength range within which the laser beam can pass through the barrier filter  20 . In this embodiment, the wavelength of the laser light source  27  is of a green range. 
     Since color photography and visible fluorescence photography are not directly relevant to the present invention, an explanation thereof is omitted. Thus, infrared fluorescence photography will be explained. 
     When the infrared fluorescence photography is carried out, an infrared fluorescent agent, called indocyaninegreen, of the following chemical formula (CHEMICAL FORMULA 5) is injected into the veins of the subject or is taken by the subject in advance.
 
{CHEMICAL FORMULA 5}
                        
 
     The infrared fluorescent agent circulates through the fundus and is then illuminated with excitation light having a specific wavelength which has passed through the exciter filter  18  for infrared fluorescence. Thereby, infrared fluorescence is emitted. If the fundus R has a diseased part K 1 , such as neovascular vessels, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the infrared fluorescent agent remains in the diseased part K 1 . Thereby, the amount of fluorescence from the diseased part K 1  becomes larger than that of fluorescence from around the diseased part K 1 . Therefore, the diseased part K 1  shining brightly on a TV monitor can be located. Conventionally, an infrared laser beam has been projected, taking careful aim, onto the diseased part K 1 , and thereby the diseased part K 1  has been coagulated. However, disadvantageously, this conventional photoagulation method brings about an injury to normal tissues therearound. In the present invention, therefore, a photosensitive substance of the following constitutional formula (CHEMICAL FORMULA 6) is injected into the veins of the subject or is taken by the subject.
 
{CHEMICAL FORMULA 6}
                        
 
where n is 1 or 2.
 
     This photosensitive substance is a tetrapyrrole derivative, Mono-L-aspartiru chlorin/e6/4 sodium salt  Mono- L - aspartyl chlorin e 6  tetrasodium salt  (Abbreviated Npe6), one of the tetrapyrrole derivatives, is accumulated together with the infrared fluorescent agent in the endothelium of blood vessels of the diseased part K 1  such as neovascular vessels. Active oxygen is then generated by the projection of a laser beam having the wavelength of 664 nm thereonto, and thereby the blood vessels of the diseased part K 1  are clogged. 
     The following formula (CHEMICAL FORMULA 7) is a stereoisomer of CHEMICAL FORMULA 6. It is preferable to use a chemical compound of this formula instead of CHEMICAL FORMULA 6.
 
{CHEMICAL FORMULA 7}
                        
 
where n is 1 or 2.
 
     The photosensitive substances are mixed with the infrared fluorescent agent, and advantageously a mixture containing them is given to the subject by intravenous injection at a time. 
     As described above, the laser light source  23  emits a laser beam having the wavelength of 664 nm in order to cause the photosensitive substance to generate a photochemical change. When the diseased part K 1  is treated, a laser spot is formed on the fundus R in accordance with the diameter of an aperture of the selective diaphragm  24 . The laser power of the laser light source  23  can be regulated by a power regulator (not shown). It is desirable that the laser light source  23  is capable of making the laser oscillation with the projection intensity of 20 to 500 mW/cm 2  and with the full power of at least 500 mW. 
     In the laser projection optical system  21 , a laser beam is projected by aiming at a marker which is a region of infrared fluorescence shining brightly in the fundus R. Thereby, the photosensitive substance is caused to generate a photochemical change. Consequently, neovascular vessels can be clogged without injuring normal tissues to the utmost. 
       FIG. 3  shows a second embodiment of a fundus camera to which the present invention is applied. The fundus camera of the second embodiment is constructed such that a pattern plate  33  is disposed between the laser light source  27  for aiming and the half mirror  28 , and the relay to the eye fundus R is made through relay lenses  34 ,  35 . As shown in  FIG. 4 , for example, a star-shaped aiming pattern is projected onto the pattern plate  33 . Thereby, a distinction can be easily drawn between a part where the laser beam is projected and a part where infrared fluorescence is emitted. In order to distinguish the two parts more easily, a construction may be employed in which the laser light source  27  for aiming is intermittently driven to flicker the aiming pattern. 
     According to the present invention, the method for clogging blood vessels of an eye fundus and the apparatus and medicine used for clogging the blood vessels have the advantage that only the blood vessels of a diseased part are clogged for a surgical treatment almost without injury to normal tissues.