Abstract:
Security systems may include sensing, networked communications, stealth, alarms, and countermeasures, any or all of which may adapt to threats. These systems may also include armor and barriers of concrete and/or steel. They can adapt to severity of threats, weather, and/or other situational aspects. They can anticipate at least some threats in order to obtain early warning and react more quickly to those threats. They can adapt by altering their configurations, including alterations in communication networking structures and methods, and changes in data-storage and processing duties at processing nodes. Defensive and/or offensive countermeasures can be employed to deter, confuse, trap, and/or disable terrorists. The systems are capable of self-maintenance, self-healing, and self-restoration as threats subside. The systems can include subsystems capable of autonomous operation. At least some of the systems and/or their subsystems are capable of allocating power among subsystems, and of regulating bandwidth utilizations.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This Non-provisional patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional application No. 61/325,157, filed Apr. 16, 2010, hereby incorporated by reference. This application also relates to co-pending and co-owned Non-provisional patent applications simultaneously-filed on Sep. 8, 2010 along with the present application and titled “Security Systems Having Communication Paths in Tunnels of Barrier Modules and Armored Building Modules”, and application Ser. No. 12/877,670; “Diversity Networks and Methods for Secure Communications”, and application Ser. No. 12/877,754; “Autonomous and Federated Sensory Subsystems and Networks for Security Systems”, and application Ser. No. 12/877,794, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,384,542; and “Global Positioning Systems and Methods for Asset and Infrastructure Protection”, and application Ser. No. 12/877,816, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,471,700; the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not Applicable 
     THE NAMES OF THE PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT 
     Not Applicable 
     INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC 
     Not Applicable 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to security systems for protecting facilities, personnel, and communications in a defined area from military or terrorist threats such as hostile forces, fire arms, mortars, explosives, and/or attack vehicles. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Security zones for protecting groups of people and facilities be they private, public, diplomatic, military, or other, can be dangerous environments for people and property if threatened by military acts or acts of terrorism. The prior arts in security systems and armored protection provide some solutions but fall far short of being synergistically integrated. 
     In the prior art, automated security systems sense disturbances to an ambient condition and cause alarms to be activated, but these systems fall short of being able to identify many cause(s) of a disturbance. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0031934 by Kevin Kriegel titled “Monitoring System”, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, discloses a system that monitors and controls devices that may sense and report a location&#39;s physical characteristics through a distributed network. Based on sensed characteristics, the system may determine and/or change a security level at a location. The system may include a sensor, an access device, and a data center. The sensor detects or measures a condition at a location. The access device communicates with the sensor and the data center. The data center communicates with devices in the system, manages data received from the access device, and may transmit data to the access device. 
     Rows of concrete barrier blocks (i.e. rows of concrete barrier modules) that can slide across the ground can stop and destroy terrorist vehicles that collide with them, and can protect against blast waves and blast debris, but they offer no earlier warning signals of threats. U.S. Pat. No. 7,144,186 to Roger Allen Nolte titled “Massive Security Barrier”, U.S. Pat. No. 7,144,187 to Roger Allen Nolte and Barclay J. Tullis titled “Cabled Massive Security Barrier”, and U.S. Pat. No. 7,654,768 to Barclay J. Tullis, Roger Allen Nolte, and Charles Merrill titled “Massive Security Barriers Having Tie-Bars in Tunnels”, all incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, disclose barrier modules and barriers constructed of barrier modules. U.S. Pat. No. 7,144,186 discloses barrier modules, each with at least one rectangular tie-bar of steel cast permanently within concrete or other solid material and extending longitudinally between opposite sides of the barrier module, wherein adjacent barrier modules are coupled side-against-side by means of strong coupling devices between adjacent tie-bars, and wherein no ground penetrating anchoring means is involved. But since the tie-bars are cast within the barrier modules, they cannot be changed out or upgraded without removing and replacing the solid material as well. However, U.S. Pat. No. 7,144,187 discloses barrier modules of solid material with tunnels extending between opposite sides, wherein adjacent barrier modules are coupled side-against-side with cables passing through the tunnels and anchored to sides of at least some of the barrier modules by anchoring devices. And U.S. Pat. No. 7,654,768 discloses barrier modules that have tie-bars in tunnels that extend longitudinally between opposite sides of a barrier module. 
     Armored steel guard houses and other armored structures for buildings provide some protections to their occupants, but also do not integrate conveniently with communication infrastructure needed to support an electronic security system. However, U.S. Pat. No. 7,661,228 to Roger Allen Nolte and Donald L. Selke titled “Armored building modules and panels”, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, discloses armored building elements that not only have open channels running throughout their length, but also create an open channel between any two that are abutted side-by-side to one-another, and it is these channels that afford much of the structures resistance to mortar and ballistic weaponry. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention exploits properties of the inventions disclosed in the above-mentioned four patents and one patent application publication in ways not previously discovered to advance convergence of physical and cyber security. Given the present disclosure, it can be realized that what was needed and what is provided by the inventions disclosed by the present disclosure are security systems that synergistically integrate and exploit these prior arts to realize the following:
     a) use of tunnels to protect communications and power lines within security barriers that comprise strongly interconnected barrier modules that don&#39;t penetrate the ground and that will slide over the ground rather than break loose and become disconnected from one-another when challenged by a terrorist vehicle or explosive blast,   b) use of these same barriers modules to house sensors and equipment,   c) use of channels within armored steel building modules to protect communications lines and to house sensors and equipment,   d) use of meaningful information derived from combinations of these and other sensors,   e) use of redundant and dynamically alterable communications networks of various forms and types,   f) use of countermeasures,   g) use of power and bandwidth conservation techniques,   h) use of electronic subsystems capable of autonomous operation,   i) use of stealth, and   j) use of system-level management including tie-ins to Tactical Operations Centers and Network Operations Centers.   

     The inventions are pointed out with particularity in the appended claims. However, some aspects of the invention are summarized herein. 
     The inventions include security systems that can include sensing, networked communications, alarms, countermeasures, and stealth, any or all of which may adapt to threats. These systems may also include and be physically and synergistically integrated with barrier modules, with armored building modules, and with other security structures of concrete, steel, or more exotic materials. They can adapt to severity of threats, weather, and/or other situational aspects. They can anticipate at least some threats in order to obtain early warning and react more quickly to those threats. They can adapt by altering their configurations, including alterations in communication networking structures and methods, and changes in data-storage and processing duties within subsystems and processing nodes. Defensive and/or offensive countermeasures can be part of such security systems and be employed to deter, confuse, trap, and/or disable terrorists. Countermeasures may include defensive or offensive weapons as well as emitters of other disturbances (i.e. disturbance emitters) such as loud noises or bright flashes of light. Examples of non-lethal weapons include water canons, emitters of loud sounds or shock waves, microwave emitters that inflict discomfort, automated guns that shoot stunning pellets, emitters of noxious gases, emitters of bright light, and more. Examples of lethal weapons include automatic guns with real ammunition, canons, blinding laser emitters, destructive shock-wave emitters, high-voltage surfaces, high-voltage projected barbs, missiles, deployable tanks, vehicle rams, and more. The systems and/or their subsystems can be capable of self-maintenance, self-healing, and self-restoration as threats subside. The systems can include subsystems that are capable of autonomous operation and/or capable of operating as cooperating members in a federation of subsystems that are in communication with one-another. Such autonomous and/or federated subsystems are able to operate without communication with a main monitor and control subsystem when desirable for reason of stealth or in response to being cut-off from the main monitor and control center (at least until reconnected to a monitor and control subsystem). At least some of the systems and/or their subsystems are capable of allocating and/or conserving power among subsystems, and of regulating and/or reducing bandwidth utilizations, both particularly in response to a terrorist threat or other constraint placed on the system. 
     Other aspects of the invention as demonstrated in the disclosed example embodiments include the following. Security barriers with tunnels and cavities can be used to a) protect and route communication and power cables, b) house and protect sensors and other equipment including power sources and transceivers, and c) enhance an electronic security system by extending coverage to the security barrier and its surrounding environment. Armored building modules can be used to provide these same advantages, but in addition can be used to a) protect cables along the outside surfaces of security barriers and/or barrier modules and b) hide and protect cables beneath the ground. Security sensors can be used that a) adjust their own detection thresholds after requesting authority to do so, b) seek corroboration of threshold-crossing events by analyzing data and/or information from other sensors for correlations, c) purposefully induce changes to a sensor&#39;s environment by controlling use of countermeasures or other disturbance emitters, d) use one or more deduction and inference engines, e) work in groups to derive additional sensory information, and f) derive information from combinations of sensor signals. Secure sensors can use a) sensor ID&#39;s, b) encryption of data, c) scheduled or un-scheduled times for communication, and d) diversity communications. Security systems can a) use and exploit communication diversities, b) use overlapping networks, c) transform themselves in defense and offense, and d) exploit barrier modules and armored building modules (and security barriers and paneling modules in general) and even use them as continuity sensors. Security systems can include a) autonomous subsystems, b) autonomous subsystems that can federate into a mutually supporting and synergistic group, and c) federated methods of deception, stealth, robustness, and power and bandwidth conservation. Security Systems can take countermeasures (lethal and/or non-lethal). Security systems can use conservation means to conserve power and/or bandwidth. Security systems can geo-track sensors and other assets (other personnel or equipment). 
     OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION 
     Objects and advantages of the present invention include security systems that significantly out-perform those of the prior art by synergistically integrating electronic security systems with physical security systems, and/or by synergistically adding: collective analyses of signals from multiple and/or dissimilar sensors; dynamic adaptations in sensor utilizations; and dynamic adaptations in communication structures and methods, countermeasures, and stealth. The objects and advantages are also to achieve security systems that are armored and pro-active in the use of response tactics and in the use of sensors and artificial intelligence to improve responses to conditions indicative of potential threats. 
     Further advantages of the present invention will become apparent to ones skilled in the art upon examination of the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. It is intended that any additional advantages be incorporated herein. 
     The various features of the present invention and its preferred embodiments and implementations may also be better understood by referring to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. The contents of the following description and of the drawings are set forth as examples only and should not be understood to represent limitations upon the scope of the present invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The foregoing objects and advantages of the present invention for armored and pro-active security systems may be more readily understood by one skilled in the art with reference being had to the following detailed description of several embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Within these drawings, callouts using like reference numerals refer to like elements in the several figures (also called views) where doing so won&#39;t add confusion, and alphabetic-letter-suffixes where used help to identify copies of a part or feature related to a particular usage and/or relative location. Within these drawings: 
         FIG. 1  shows a perspective view of a security site, from near an entrance gate with a guard house, protected by an armored security system. 
         FIG. 2  shows a cross-section of a barrier module having a tunnel being used to house and protect communications and power cables as well as sensors and other equipment. 
         FIG. 3  shows two side-against-side armored building modules having side-lap overhangs and being used to route communications and/or power cables. 
         FIG. 4  shows one possible embodiment of a sensor subsystem such as could be housed within a security barrier. 
         FIG. 5  shows multiple subsystems interconnected by a network. 
         FIG. 6  shows a hierarchical network of interconnected sensors, signal concentrators, a security monitor and control subsystem, and alarms. 
         FIG. 7  shows a high-level view of security components networked by a private intranet connected to the Internet via a firewall. 
         FIG. 8  shows an example of multiply diverse communication connections between a small set of subsystems. 
         FIG. 9  shows a method of collecting sensor data, analyzing the data for information, and communicating information to a working concentrator subsystem. 
         FIG. 10  shows a method used by a concentrator to receive information and data from sensors, analyzing the information and data collectively for threat information, and communicating that threat information to another working concentrator or to a monitoring and control subsystem. 
         FIG. 11  shows a method used by a monitoring and control subsystem to receive information from concentrators, to analyze that information for threats, to control alarms, and to take countermeasures. 
         FIG. 12  shows a computer subsystem in block diagram form representing a computing engine and associated components. 
         FIG. 13  shows a flow chart of process steps within a method used by some embodiments of the invention to make inferences. 
         FIG. 14  shows a flow chart of a method used by a sensor subsystem to actively participate in learning improved analysis and decision rules. 
         FIG. 15  shows a diagrammatic plan-view representation of a security site. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The following is a detailed description of the invention and its preferred embodiments as illustrated in the drawings. While the invention will be described in connection with these drawings, there is no intent to limit it to the embodiment or embodiments disclosed. On the contrary, the intent is to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. 
       FIG. 1  shows a perspective view of a security site  101  protected by an armored security system  11 . The location of a centralized monitoring and control subsystem  103  is in a secure region  105  separated physically from an unsecure region  107  by a security barrier  109  (which may or may not be at least partly camouflaged or decorated with images to fool a viewer) shown here as a row or series of barrier modules. Within this disclosure and claims, the terms “barrier module” and “barrier block” are defined to mean one of those patented by the following patents: a) U.S. Pat. No. 7,144,186 to Roger Allen Nolte titled “Massive Security Barrier”, b) U.S. Pat. No. 7,144,187 to Roger Allen Nolte and Barclay J. Tullis titled “Cabled Massive Security Barrier”, and c) U.S. Pat. No. 7,654,768 to Barclay J. Tullis, Roger Allen Nolte, and Charles Merrill titled “Massive Security Barriers Having Tie-Bars in Tunnels”, all incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Also within this disclosure and claims, the terms “security barrier” and “blocks” (i.e. without the modifier “barrier” immediately preceding them) are used more generally to mean a barrier that provides security, however when a security barrier comprises barrier modules (also called barrier blocks), then at least some of the adjacent barrier modules within such a security barrier will be defined to be coupled together (i.e. interconnected) according to at least one of the aforementioned three patented inventions. An access roadway  111  runs through an access gateway  113  providing access between the two areas  105 , 107 . A guard house  115  stands porter at the access gateway  113 . A first gateway extension barrier module  117  and a second gateway extension barrier module  119  together provide additional length to the access gateway  113  along the access roadway  111 . A first gateway-opening barrier module  121  and a second gateway-opening barrier module  123  border the opening in the security barrier  109 . One or more additional parts of the current invention can be hidden beneath the roadway  111  at a location illustrated as a rectangle just outside the access gateway  113 . 
       FIG. 1  also shows a barrier module  125  with camera  153 . On the side of this barrier module  125  that faces the unsecure region  107  are shown a first access hole  131  and a second access hole  133  in the barrier module  125 . These access holes  131 ,  133  (which may be of any shape and not just circular as shown) run into the barrier module  125  to at least one cavity within the barrier module  125  and can be used as an airway to that cavity as well as a path along which to extend a sensor probe, such as a small camera, outside the barrier module  125 . Such a camera can hide within the barrier module  125  and be automatically extended and manipulated to look outward from the barrier module  125  or back and forth along the length of the security barrier  109 , as when searching for a person attempting to hide along the security barrier  109 . Another camera is shown as pop-out camera  135 , shown sticking out of a camera portal  137  on the non-secure side of the barrier modules  125 . Such access holes  131 ,  133  (and camera portals  137  with pop-out cameras  135 ) may also be located on the secure side and/or the top of the barrier module  125  to achieve other views outside the barrier module  125 . In some embodiments of the invention, image sensors such as the pop-out camera  135  can be controlled from a sensor subsystem within the barrier to pop out and capture still images and/or video of environment surrounding the security barrier  109 . If such cameras are made to briefly pop out and back into the barrier again at unpredictable times, it would be difficult for a terrorist to anticipate their presence and defeat them. Furthermore given the significant quantity of barrier modules used in a security barrier  109 , it would be difficult to defeat all of them at once. On a side of the barrier module  119  that faces the secure region  105  are shown at least a cavity  149  within the barrier module  119  and a door  151  to a sensor or device within the barrier module  119 . A surveillance camera  153  is shown supported by an extendable arm  155 . On top of the camera  153  is shown a door panel  157  that covers a camera cavity  159  within the barrier module  125  when the camera  153  is retracted into the barrier module  125 . 
       FIG. 1  also shows a barrier module with a gun  161 , where the gun  163  is mounted on an extendable gun mount  165  that is normally housed within a gun cavity  167  in the barrier module  161 . A door  169  to the gun cavity  167  is also shown. 
       FIG. 1  also shows a door  171  on top of barrier module  123 , where the door  171  can be to a sensor or device housed within the barrier module  123 . Alongside the door  171  is shown a solar panel  173  that can collect power that can be used in charging batteries within the barrier modules for powering communications subsystems, sensors, cameras, guns, and other barrier accessories normally housed within one or more barrier modules. 
       FIG. 1  also shows a securing cable  183  across the access gateway  113 . The securing cable  183  is anchored at both the first and second gateway-opening barrier modules  121 , 123 , and it is show hidden within a slot  181  within the access roadway  111 . By way of a take-up mechanism within at least one of the gateway-opening barrier modules  121 , 123 , this securing cable  183  can be lifted out of the slot  181  and pulled tightly across the access gateway  113  as a countermeasure for physically blocking the access gateway  113  when needed to deter or stop entry of a threatening vehicle. 
       FIG. 1  also shows underground sensor devices  201  placed outside the security barrier  109  in numerous locations within the unsecure region  107 . These sensor devices  201  may be ground vibration sensors or weight sensors such as to sense a person walking or a vehicle traveling nearby, gas sensors, proximity sensors, or any other type of sensor that could give early warning to a monitoring and control subsystem of the presence or activity of a potential terrorist or of other threatening disturbances in the environment outside the secure region  105 . 
       FIG. 1  also shows a first sensor  211  hidden in a plant or disguised as a plant. In the foreground of the view, and in the unsecure region  107 , is shown a sensing device  213  or subsystem that may be real, a decoy, a device that provides misinformation, or a countermeasure device. An RFID (radio-frequency identification device)  219  is shown on the sensing system  213 . Such RFID devices can be attached to any or all of the objects comprised by the security system  11 . And a person  223  is shown wearing a GPS (global positioning device)  221 . Such GPS devices could also be made part of any or all of the objects and/or subsystems comprised by the security system  11 , and alarms conditions could be set by movement of any of them outside their respective predefined boundaries. Also shown is the surface of the ground  215 . A friendly person known not to be a terrorist can be given a GPS by which he/she could be tracked, and by which the sensor and higher-level subsystems of the security system  11  could be made to assure that person&#39;s presence and activities don&#39;t set off any alarms. In the distance, and in the secure region  105 , is shown another sensor  217  hidden in a tree (or disguised as a tree). 
       FIG. 1  also shows an antenna  301  at the location of a centralized monitoring and control subsystem  103 . The centralized monitoring and control subsystem  103  is shown here as located within a building. Not shown, and maybe located at the same location as the centralized monitoring and control subsystem  103 , would be a Tactical Operations Center (TOC) and perhaps also a Network Operations Center (NOC) both of which would be in communication with the armored security system  11 . Another antenna  303  is shown on the guard house  115 . Another antenna  305  is shown on a barrier module. Another antenna  307  is shown on the real or decoy sensing (or other) device  213 . Signals  309  via a wireless medium are depicted being transmitted or received from the antenna  301  at the centralized monitoring and control subsystem  103 . 
       FIG. 1  also shows the roof  401  of the guard house where the antenna  303  is mounted. The walls  403  and the roof  401  of the guard house may be constructed of armored steel building modules having side-lap overhangs. Within this disclosure and claims, the terms “armored building module” and “building module” are defined to mean one of those patented by U.S. Pat. No. 7,661,228 to Roger Allen Nolte and Donald L. Selke titled “Armored building modules and panels”, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. A first window  405  is shown on the guard house along with a second window  407 . Within the second window  407  is shown an opaque armor filling the window but having a peep hole  409 . This window armor with the peep hole  409  can be taken away or replaced automatically in response to perceived threats. 
       FIG. 1  also shows an airplane  501  in flight which may provide additional sensory and observational inputs along with the other sensors mentioned above, as well as countermeasure options, to the armored security system  11 . A horizon  503  is also shown. 
     All of the objects shown in  FIG. 1 , with the possible exception of perhaps the horizon  503  and the ground  215 , are comprised by at least some of the embodiments of the invention. 
       FIG. 2  shows a longitudinal cross-section of the barrier module  125  (also called a barrier block) having a barrier tunnel  603  through the barrier module  125 , wherein the barrier tunnel  603  is used to house and protect a communication medium  601  (e.g. a communications cable). The cross-section taken is that indicated by the arrows numbered  2  in  FIG. 1  on the barrier module  125  with the camera  125 . The communications medium  601  is shown here as a cable which may or may not have an armored outer jacket such as made of braided metal or ceramic fibers perhaps bound with a non-metallic resin, epoxy, or other glue. This communications cable  601  continues beyond this barrier module  125  in both directions as, for example, into and perhaps through similar tunnels in adjacent barrier modules forming the security barrier  109  (shown in  FIG. 1  as a row of barrier modules). This barrier tunnel  603  can be one of the same one or more tunnels used to contain chain, steel cable, and/or one or more tie-bar(s) used to link adjacent barrier modules to one another securely (but in that case, the chain, steel cable, and/or one or more tie-bar(s) are not shown in this view in order to permit an unobstructed view of the communications medium  601 ), or it can be another tunnel made in the barrier module  125 . The ground  215  that supports the barrier module  125  is shown, as are the previously described extendable arm  155  (that holds a camera that is retractable within a cavity inside the barrier module  125 ) and the antenna  305  on the barrier module  125 . First and second connection tunnels  605 , 607  are also shown, whereas these provide access paths between the barrier tunnel  603  and cavities within the barrier module  125 . The cavities house, hide, and protect equipment such as sensor units, power supplies, countermeasure systems, sensor data concentrators, and communications equipment within the barrier module  125 , but they are not shown in this view. It should be noted that the communication medium  601  routed through the barrier module  125  can serve as both an event sensor and as a location sensor should it become damaged or severed when the barrier module  125  is damaged or destroyed by a terrorist. When a barrier module is damaged or destroyed, it is also possible for the security system  11  to determine where along the security barrier  109  such an event has taken place. This is because subsystems within a barrier module that becomes damaged or destroyed may become inoperative or operate improperly and will thus be indicators to the security system  11  that those subsystems are located near a region of significant disturbance and are likely the result of a security threat. Power cables, if they are routed through and between tunnels of barrier modules, also serve as continuity sensors and therefore event-location sensors in the same manner as communication media and cables do. 
       FIG. 3  shows an adjacent pair of armored building modules  615  having side-lap overhangs and being used to route and protect communications and/or power cables. This pair comprises first and second building modules  621 A,  621 B located side-against-side to create at least part of an armored building panel. The first building module  621 A has a first overhanging flange  623 A and an opposite second overhanging flange  625 A as well as a channel  627 A running the length of the building module  621 A. (Within this disclosure, a channel is a tunnel unless it is filled with something other than a gas or liquid.) The second building module  6212 B has a first overhanging flange  623 B and an opposite second overhanging flange  625 B as well as a channel  627 B running the length of the building module  621 B. Placing the two building modules  621 A,  621 B adjacent and touching one-another such that the first overhanging flange  623 B of the second building module  621 B overhangs the second overhanging flange  625 A creates a channel  629 AB. Any such channels as the channel  627 A, the channel  627 B, or the channel  629 AB can be used to route and protect cables, such as communications and/or power cables. For example,  FIG. 3  shows a cable  631  routed through channel  627 A in the first building module  621 A, shows a cable  635  routed along a surface of overhanging flange  625 B of the second building module  621 B thereby placing the cable  635  substantially within the corner (i.e. within the space of a corner) established by the meeting of flange  625 B with the rest of building module  621 B, and shows a cable  633  routed through channel  629 AB. The cables  631 , 633 , 635  may or may not each include an outer protective jacket (as described above for the jacket described in the description of  FIG. 2 ) that provides additional armored protection to that afforded by the building modules  621 A and  621 B. It should be noted that the first cable  631 , second cable  633 , and third cable  635  routed through the building modules  621 A, 621 B can serve as both event sensors and as location sensors should they become damaged or severed when either of the building modules  621 A, 621 B is damaged or destroyed by a terrorist. When a building module housing a cable becomes damaged or destroyed by an event, it is also possible, if the cable becomes damaged too, for the security system  11  to determine the location of such an event. This is because subsystems connected to the cable may become inoperative or operate improperly and will thus be indicators to the security system  11  that those subsystems are located near a region of significant disturbance and are likely the result of a security threat. Power cables, if they are routed through building modules, also serve as continuity sensors and therefore event-location sensors in the same manner as communication cables do. 
     One aspect of some of the embodiments of the invention is shown in  FIG. 3 . It is that building modules of the type shown lend themselves, by way of their channels being useful for power and communication wiring, to being instrumented with sensors such as a camera that could be installed as a fixed view camera or a pop-out camera that can be secreted or otherwise hidden within a camera portal  637  such as shown in the first building modules  621 A. 
       FIG. 4  shows one possible embodiment of a subsystem  641  such as could be housed within a security barrier  109 . A sensor unit  643  is shown having a sensor probe  645  and an antenna  651 . The sensor unit  643  is connected to a power supply  647 . A communication cable  649  connects into and out of the sensor unit  643  and extends beyond the view both the left and the right of the view. The sensor unit  643  is in communication with other subsystems of the armored security system  11 , and this might be automatically and/or remotely selected to be by way of wireless communication using the antenna  651 , or by way of communication that uses conductive wire or even wave-guides. In the case of waveguides, the cable  649  could be a fiber-optic cable, or it could represent a microwave wave-guide.  FIG. 4  can also be used to illustrate a concentrator subsystem (e.g. such as concentrator subsystem  661  in  FIG. 5 ) instead of the sensor subsystem  641 , but without the attached sensor  645 . The types of sensors used in various embodiments of this invention can include any that could be used to aid the detection, identification, location, or threat assessment of things and events that could threaten the security of the secure region  105 . Examples include gas sensors, spectrophotometers, acoustic and/or ultrasonically based sensors (e.g. microphones), shot locators, cameras, motion detectors, Doppler sensors, radar, weight sensors, touch sensors, vibration sensors, cable-continuity sensors, optical sensors, electro-magnetic based sensors, capacitance based sensors, resistivity sensors, tension or compression sensors, contact sensors, liquid sensors, level sensors, distance sensors, position sensors, attitude sensors, elevation sensors, rotation sensors, impact sensors, humidity sensors, smoke sensors, fire sensors, heat sensors, temperature sensors, wind sensors, ambient light sensors, GPS sensors, RFID sensors, proximity sensors, trip sensors, laser or microwave beam-break sensors, voltage sensors, current sensors, power sensors, and charge sensors, to name only some. Either or both the sensor unit  643  and/or the sensor probe  645  can include a signal processor. Use of GPS information and the reading of RFID tags by an RFID sensor can of course be used to track and monitor for unexpected situations and movements of known personnel and of assets such as barrier blocks or any components and subsystems of the security system  11  and what it is protecting. Terrestrial triangulation sensors can also be used in addition to GPS sensors, or instead of GPS sensors. If a sensor system (or networked group of sensor subsystems) is deemed failing it can be masked out to avoid its causing false alarms. A sensor subsystem can be put in various modes discreetly. Example modes include repair mode, maintenance mode, test mode, off-line mode, and active mode. In other than active mode, a sensor would not report measurements as real and would not effect (i.e. not make happen) real alarms. When a sensor is put into test mode, engineers can perform end to end testing, and they can enable such a sensor to be marked on a GIS (geographical information system display) that they are in test mode. When a sensor is put into off-line mode, it is caused to be ignored by the rest of the security system  11  entirely. In active mode, a sensor subsystem is deemed to be in proper working order, have passed routine automated or manual validation tests, and will pass alarms and properly interact with active countermeasures in the rest of the security system  11 . 
       FIG. 5  shows multiple subsystems interconnected (i.e. in communication with one another) by a network comprising branches off of a main shared branch  655 . Sensor subsystems  661 ,  663 , and  665  connect to and share a first branch  655 A of the network. Concentrator subsystems  671 ,  673 , and  675  connect to and share a second branch  655 B. Monitor and Control subsystems  681 ,  683 , and  685  connect to and share a third branch  655 C. And alarm subsystems  691 ,  693 , and  695  connect to and share a fourth branch  655 D. The four branches  655 A-D each connect to and share a main branch  655  which is also in communication with (and shared with) other systems or subsystem(s)  657  such as a Network Operations Center (NOC) or even a Tactical Control Center (TOC). Each of the systems (or subsystems) is shown with its own antenna for use in a wireless communication network. 
       FIG. 6  shows a hierarchical communication network  701  of interconnected sensor subsystems, signal concentrator subsystems, a security monitor and control subsystem, and an alarm subsystem, whereby all subsystems are able to communicate with one-another by way of the network  701 . Sensor subsystems  703 ,  705 , and  707  are interconnected with sensor-to-sensor links  1001  and  1003 , and they also connect to first-level concentrator subsystems  801  by means of sensor-to-concentrator links  1015 ,  1017 , and  1019  respectively. Sensor subsystems  709 ,  711 , and  713  are interconnected with sensor-to-sensor links  1005  and  1007 , and they also connect to first-level concentrator subsystems  801  by means of sensor-to-concentrator links  1015 ,  1017 , and  1019  respectively. Sensor subsystems  715 ,  717 ,  719 , and  721  are interconnected with sensor-to-sensor links  1009 ,  1011 , and  1013 , and they also connect to first-level concentrator subsystems  805  by means of sensor-to-concentrator links  1027 ,  1029 ,  1031 , and  1033  respectively. First-level linked concentrator subsystems  801 ,  803 , and  805  are interconnected by concentrator-to-concentrator links  1035  and  1037 , and they also connect to second-level concentrator subsystem  823  by means of first-level-concentrator-to-second-level-concentrator links  1039 ,  1041 , and  1043  respectively. Second-level concentrator subsystems  821  and  825  may have links to other first-level-concentrator subsystems which may have links to other sensor subsystems. Third-level concentrator subsystem  877  connects to second-level concentrator subsystems  821 ,  823 , and  825  by means of second-level-concentrator-to-third-level concentrator links  1045 ,  1047 , and  1049  respectively. Monitor and control subsystem  891  connects to third-level concentrator  877  by means of link  1053 , but may also connect to other third-level concentrators such as  875  and  879  by means of links  1051  and  1055  respectively. Third-level concentrators  875  and  879  may have a hierarchical network below them much as does third-level concentrator  877 . Such networks may connect hundreds of sensors to the monitor and control subsystem  891 , and they may have fewer or more concentrator levels as shown in this figure. Ultimately, the monitor and control subsystem  891  connects via a link  1057  to other subsystems such as an alarm subsystem  899 . The interconnections shown can be by fixed hard-wiring or by fixed wireless channel assignments, or they can be logical and variable through either fixed or dynamic programming. 
       FIG. 7  shows a high-level view of security components networked together by a private intranet connected to the Internet via a firewall. In this disclosure, each of the rectangles (i.e. each “box”) shown in  FIG. 7  is to be considered a “component” of the armored security system  11 , as is each group member of a box if that box comprises a group of components. Each of the lines that are shown interconnecting components represents one or more communication links between the components found at the two ends of that line. Any two member components of a group of components may also be interconnected by way of one or more communication links. The sensor network(s)  1523 , in particular, may comprise multiple sensors interlinked communicatively to form one or more networks.  FIG. 6  depicts a portion of one possible network of sensors linked into a hierarchy network of concentrators. Each of the components comprises one or more “subsystems”. 
       FIG. 7  also shows that various servers and browsers (and other computers and computer-controlled apparatuses and devices) are connected to a private network  1501  operating as an intranet. The private network  1501  is connected to the Intranet  1701  by way of a firewall  1503 . The Internet  1701  is of course connected to various external servers  1801  and external browsers  1803 , all external to the private intranet  1501 . Some of the external servers  1801  are connected to external devices  1805 . Connected to the private network  1501  are one or more sensor servers  1521 , one or more monitor and control servers  1541 , one or more alarm servers  1551 , one or more countermeasure servers  1561 , one or more Network Operation Center (NOC) servers  1511 , one or more Tactical Operations Center (TOC) servers  1601 , one or more security database servers  1581 , one or more other database servers  1591 , and one or more other servers  1571 . Also connected within the private network  1501  are one or more NOC browsers  1513  (which may also be connected directly to one or more NOC servers  1511 ), one or more TOC browsers  1603  (which may also be connected directly to one or more TOC servers  1601 ), and one or more other browsers  1573 . One or more other devices  1575  may be connected to the one or more other servers  1571 . One or more monitor and control subsystem(s) are connected to the one or more monitor and control servers  1541 . One or more alarms  1553  are connected to the one or more alarm servers  1551 . One or more countermeasure controllers  1563  are connected to the one or more countermeasure servers  1561 . One or more sensor networks  1523  are connected to the one or more Sensor Servers  1521 . One or more autonomous sensors  1533  and/or one or more autonomous sensor networks  1531  may also be connected to the one or more sensor servers  1521 . Any of the one or more autonomous sensors  1533  and any of the one or more autonomous sensor networks  1531  may be connected directly to the one or more alarm servers  1551 . 
     An individual one of the one or more sensor networks  1523  may comprise concentrators such as first concentrator subsystem  671  shown in  FIG. 5  or first first-level linked concentrator  801  shown in  FIG. 6  used for converging data and information from many sensors into integrated data and/or information for transmission to one of more of the sensor servers  1521 . 
     An individual one of the one or more autonomous sensors  1533  may be called “autonomous” for any of at least three reasons. It may be self-powered by an associated power source such as by a battery and/or solar cells or by one or more power-generating device(s) such as those that derive power from a piezoelectric transducer, a thermoelectric transducer, a fuel-cell, or a device that converts ambient electro-magnetic waves into voltage and current. It may be linked without the private network  1501  to one or more alarm servers  1551  and able to use such a link when sensor servers  1521  (or a concentrator such as  801  in  FIG. 6 ) are not functioning properly. And/or it may include sufficient means to judge when to communicate data and/or information derived from the data. Autonomous sensor networks  1531  can be either networks of autonomous sensors or networks that each collectively has any of the attributes that make an individual sensor autonomous. At least some of the subsystems in embodiments of the invention can work autonomously as a federated group. An example of a federated group would be a group of subsystems that have at least temporarily been cut off from communications with any monitor and control subsystem but are able to recognize that situation and work together to continue their functions and to archive data and information they generate so that it can be later transmitted to a higher-level system (such as a monitor and control subsystem) when it is re-connected. Not all of the subsystems need to be fully on all of the time as some are not first-warning devices, so they can hibernate some of the time. Subsystems in hibernation can be awakened by internal watch-dog timers, or by signals received through a communication interface that remains awake during the hibernation of the rest of the subsystem. Also, with low-level analysis, not all of the sensor data need be transferred to higher-level subsystems. 
     The one or more monitor and control subsystems  1543  use information obtained through the one or more monitor and control servers  1541  from the one or more sensor servers  1521 , and they use programmed logic and rules to decide when to activate one or more of the alarms  1553  via one or more of the alarm servers  1551  via the private network  1501 . 
     The one or more NOC browsers  1513  permit user configuration and supervision of the private network  1501  and any of its networked components, some even of which may lie external to the private network  1501  and accessible via the firewall  1503  and the Internet  1701 , but not including any of the TOC browsers  1603  or TOC servers  1601 . The one or more NOC browsers  1513  may have both a direct link to the one or more NOC servers  1511  as well as a link directly to the private network  1501 ; this is to enable user control of the NOC servers  1511  even when the private network  1501  is not fully functioning. Under one mode of the invention, user control by way of the NOC browsers  1513  and/or the NOC servers  1511  is provided of sensors in the sensor networks  1523 , the sensor networks  1523  themselves, sensor servers  1521 , autonomous sensors  1533 , autonomous sensor networks  1531 , concentrators (such as  671  in  FIGS. 5 and 801  in  FIG. 6 ), alarms  1553 , alarm servers  1551 , monitor and control subsystems  1543 , monitor and control servers  1541 , countermeasure controllers  1563 , countermeasure servers  1561 , security database servers  1581 , other database servers  1591 , other browsers  1573 , other servers  1571 , other devices  1573 , and even some of the external devices  1805 . 
     The one or more TOC browsers  1603  permit user configuration and supervision of the one or more TOC servers  1601 , and a direct link to the one or more TOC servers  1601  enables user control of the TOC servers  1601  even when the private network  1501  is not fully functioning. The one or more TOC browsers  1503  and the one or more NOC browsers  1513  enable human communications between the NOC and the TOC. The one or more TOC browsers  1503  also enable access to supervise and even control the one or more countermeasure controllers  1563  by way of the one or more countermeasure servers  1561 , under conditions that would require overriding the NOC. 
     One aspect of the invention is to provide in its embodiments means to assure that subsystems are all synchronized to the same clock-time. The one or more NOC servers  1511  would each include their own clock as a master reference and would keep their respective clocks synchronized to one another. Each NOC server  1511  can use the Internet, when it is available, to synchronize its own clock to a reliable standard. The one or more NOC servers  1511  can also use NTP (network time protocol) and/or other methods to enable sensor data and recorded information to be accurately time-stamped with times that are synchronized to the master clock of the controlling NOC. This enables accurate time records to be associated with recorded data and information useful, for example, in forensic evaluation, such as when the presence of a noxious gas was detected or when high vibrations by certain barrier modules were experienced. GPS typically provides time stamps, but these time-stamps, if recorded, would be flagged as “suspect event time”. The controlling NOC in some implementations constantly looks at all subsystems generating time data to assure that their respective clocks are synchronized to the clock of the controlling NOC, and resets them (i.e. “slams” them) as needed. If a subsystem wakes up or restarts its clock, any data and information it generates before the controlling NOC can slam it, would be flagged with “suspect time”, “no time sync verification”, or an equivalent flag. 
     One aspect of the invention is to provide in some of its embodiments one or more duplicated components and/or subsystems which can be activated to provide redundancy and/or backup capabilities. Sufficient automatic control programs and/or alternate human intervention, by way of the NOC browsers  1513  and TOC browsers  1603 , would be included to switch over from the use of a failed or failing component to a duplicate one that is working This implies that constant checks are made by the NOC servers  1511 , the TOC servers  1601 , the monitor and control servers  1541 , the alarm servers  1551 , the countermeasure servers  1561 , the sensor servers  1521 , the autonomous networks  1531 , the autonomous sensors  1533 , the other servers  1571 , the security database servers  1581 , and the other database servers that their duplicates and connected subsystems are functioning properly or ready to function properly when needed. One aspect of the invention is that subsystems within a group of similar subsystems are made capable of taking over the duties of any of any inoperable or dysfunctional member of the group; this taking over of extra duty can be made to commence or cease by way of commands from a higher-level subsystem (e.g. a monitor and control subsystem, a network operations center subsystem, and/or a tactical operations center subsystem). It can also be made to commence or cease by way of a subsystem checking on the health of other subsystems, and when recognizing another subsystem is inoperable or dysfunctional (i.e. unhealthy), to take over duties that back-up or cover for the unhealthy subsystem. An example of this would be a camera aiming toward a location of an inoperable microphone to ascertain whether there is noticeable any unusual activity going on at that location. 
     Security databases servers  1581  along with their attached memory devices (not shown) maintain records of the configuration parameters and settings of the armored security system  11 , as well as of historical and current information about system status and sensor information, updated and/or archived routinely at regular intervals as well as asynchronously when event driven. Duplicate security databases  1581  are maintained with copies of the stored information for backup purposes in each member security database. The duplicate members of the security databases  1581  may be located in different geographical locations for security purposes, one of which may be the location  103  of a centralized monitor and control subsystem. Historical data and event records are kept not only as potential evidence for later use in proving those data and events, but also for engineering use to analyze for in improving the responsiveness an accuracy of the automated functions within the security system  11 . 
     Other database servers  1591  along with their attached memory devices (not shown) maintain records managed by the Tactical Operations Center and/or a site facilities team. Duplicates of the other databases  1591  are maintained with copies of the stored information for backup purposes in each member security database. The duplicate members of the security databases  1591  may be located in different geographical locations for security purposes. 
     Other browsers  1573 , other servers  1571 , and other devices  1575  that are connected to the other servers  1571  might for example be used by a site maintenance team to monitor and control facilities sensors and equipment, even those not having to do with security. Data and configurations important to those activities are stored in the other database servers  1591  where they can also be accessed by the personnel and systems of the NOC and the TOC. 
     External browsers  1803 , external servers  1801 , and external devices  1805 , all situated outside the private network  1501  and made available to the private network  1501  by way of the Internet  1701  and its connection to the private network  1501  by way of a firewall  1503  may be used to extend the reach of the armored security system to locations both in the secure area  105  and the unsecure area  107 . The external devices  1805  may include networks of sensors, individual sensors, autonomous sensors, as well as devices such as cell-phones, personal digital assistants, personal computers, or personal appliances. 
     Another aspect of the invention is that any of the communications connections between component groups, between members of the component groups, and between subsystems within members of the component groups of the armored security system  11  may comprise serial and/or parallel path segments each of which may be provisioned with a different communications medium, a different communication technology, or in some cases even a different service provider. This particularly includes connections shown in  FIG. 7  as outside the private network  1501  portion that is represented as a cloud, but also those not shown in  FIG. 7  but within the private network  1501  portion that is represented as a cloud. The use of parallel paths (e.g. redundant paths) using different media results in overlapping networks (i.e. networks with logically-overlapping, redundant, paths) and adds much to the robustness of the security system. Examples of various communications media include airwaves, fiber-optics, and conductive wire or cables. Fiber-optics and conductive wire or cables are examples of “wired” communications media that are referred to herein as “guiding media”, whereas airwaves are used for wireless communications. Examples of various communications link technologies include dedicated lines, shared lines, automatically switched lines, satellite links, telephone communication, cell-phone communication, wireless networking, short-range wireless communication, long-range wireless communication, medium-range wireless communication, laser-beam communication, acoustic communication, ultrasound communication, long-wave communication, short-wave communication, microwave communication, millimeter-wave communication, broadcast communication, and power-line communication. Some of these communication link technologies may provide multiple channels. Examples of various communications technology attributes include analog modulations, pulse modulations, digital modulations, synchronous clocking, asynchronous clocking, handshaking, packet switching, CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, error detection and/or correction methods, physical and electrical interfacing standards, encryption, and methods of secure identification of sender and/or recipient. 
     Another aspect of the invention is that any of the messaging accomplished over the connections between component groups, between members of the component groups, and between subsystems within members of the component groups of the armored security system  11  may be by way of dynamically changed paths, channels, and/or other communications technologies including communications link technologies and communications technology attributes. This particularly includes connections shown in  FIG. 7  as outside the private network  1501  portion that is represented as a cloud, but also those not shown in  FIG. 7  but within the private network  1501  portion that is represented as a cloud. The switching between various selected channels, paths, and/or other provisioned communications technology may be made according to systematic rules or selected randomly among those provisioned. For example packet communication could include and use within a packet header notification with information regarding which channel, path, or other communications technology attributes will be used for the next packet. Duplicated versions of a message may be sent using distinctly different channels, paths, and/or communications technology attributes, and the received versions with the most matches at a common destination could be accepted as best representing the original message. Or a message with no match at a common destination could be resent using different selections of paths, channels, and/or communications technology attributes until redundantly transmitted and received messages match. These techniques amount to what may be referred to in this disclosure as “diversity messaging” (or “diversity signaling”), diverse in paths, channels, and/or communication technology attributes. Combination of diversity messaging with dynamic changes of channels, paths, and/or communications technology attributes may be referred to in this disclosure as “dynamic diversity messaging” (or “dynamic diversity signaling”). Some of the motivations for using diversity messaging (or dynamic diversity messaging) in communication include: a) reducing the possibility of an interruption in communication caused by terrorist activities, b) increasing the difficulty of preventing messaging and signals from reaching their intended targets correctly, c) providing alternative choices for a connection when conditions may degrade some choices but not others, d) enable continued communications when some communication choices are unavailable due to maintenance activities, and e) enable message comparisons between redundant connections to detect and correct communication errors which simple parity checks can not accomplish. When some communication paths become inoperable, others that remain operable can maintain needed communications. As is described in the next paragraph, provisioned communications paths, channels, and/or communications technology attributes not being used for needed communications can be used in the meantime to carry misinformation in order to confuse eavesdroppers. 
       FIG. 8  shows an example of multiply diverse communication connections between a small set of subsystems. The subsystems include three sensor subsystems  703 ,  705 , and  715  along with two concentrators  801 , 823  and a monitor and control subsystem  891  creating a hierarchical structure somewhat similar to that shown in  FIG. 6 . Communication connections which might otherwise have been shown as a single line drawn between any two of these subsystems are instead drawn here as multiple lines each indicating an available communication medium, path, and communication technology for use in carrying data, information, and/or other messages from one subsystem at one end of the line to the subsystem at the opposite end of the line. In this drawing, the communication connections comprise the following: balanced twisted pair  1901 ,  1905 ,  1911 ,  1915 , and  1935  through tunnels within concrete barrier modules; Ethernet on Cat-5 cable  1903 ,  1909 ,  1929 , and  1937  through tunnels within concrete barrier modules; short-range wireless  1907 ,  1927 , and  1939 ; fiber-optic cable  1913 ,  1925 ,  1933 , and  1943  through tunnels within concrete barrier modules; fiber-optic cable  1917  and  1949  NOT through tunnels within concrete barrier modules; satellite link  1921 ; and cellular phone link  1945 . The other communications connections  1919 ,  1923 ,  1931 , and  1947  can be additional ones of these previous combinations of available communication media, paths, and communication technologies. Not illustrated in the drawing, but implicit in the use of diversity messaging in this invention, is the choice within some transmission technologies of choosing channels such as among available frequencies, time slots, and/or CDMA codes. Communication paths and channels that are not being used at any one time can be used to transmit misinformation so as to fool any eavesdropper(s), or even to provide information that would help to entrap such eavesdropper(s). With coordination and/or secure identification of messages containing real information (i.e. information that is not misinformation), communications of real information and misinformation can be interleaved on any given path or channel available to the armored security system. 
       FIG. 9  shows a flow chart of a method of sensor data collection  2001  used by a sensor subsystem to receive and store  2005  new data from its sensor device, to analyze  2011  the data for information, and to communicate (i.e. transmit  2013 ,  2015 ) information to a working targeted recipient or an alternate target. The method  2001  would be carried out by a processor executing a stored program (stored on a computer readable medium) and in communication with at least one sensor unit (e.g. the sensor unit  643  shown in  FIG. 4 , the sensor subsystem  661  shown in  FIG. 5 , or the sensor subsystem  703  in  FIG. 6 ) and with a targeted receiver of sensor information such as another sensor (e.g. the sensor subsystem  663  shown in  FIG. 5  or the sensor subsystem  705  in  FIG. 6 ), a concentrator (e.g. the concentrator  671  in  FIG. 5 , or  801  in  FIG. 6 ), or a monitor and control system (e.g. the monitor and control subsystem  1543  in  FIG. 7 ,  891  in  FIG. 6 , or  681  in  FIG. 5 ). The processor and stored program might be part of a sensor unit (i.e. sensor subsystem). Following a start  2003  of the method  2001 , data from at least one sensor (e.g. the sensor unit  643  in  FIG. 4 ) would be received and stored  2005 . Part of the receive and store step  2005  might include changing the rate at which sensor data is acquired, as for example when a threat has been detected and a higher rate for more information is desirable, a lower rate for energy conservation, a lower data-rate for bandwidth conservation, or greater stealth is desirable. It also might include a decision to archive data in the data storage memory  5007  when it may be called upon for forensic purposes or for evidence following a terrorist incident that might have cut-off the sensor subsystem from the rest of the security system. Such archived data, archived on a local basis, can enable uploads of the data on an as-required basis by higher-level subsystems. A first test  2051  would be made to check whether it is time to calculate short-term statistics  2007 , and if so to do so. If it is not time to calculate short-term statistics, or if such statistics have just been calculated, then a second test  2053  would be made to check whether it is time to calculate long-term statistics  2009 , and if so to do so. If it is not time to calculate long-term statistics, or if such statistics have just been calculated, then the stored data (including real data and/or any recently calculated statistics are analyzed  2011  for indications that there may be a threat indicated in the data or its statistics. This analysis  2011  may include trend analysis to discover meaningful deviations from expected norms, and it may include looking for unexpected deviations or deviations having a low probability of expectation. After this analysis is made, a third test  2055  would be made to check whether it is advisable to communicate (e.g. transmit) discovery of meaningful deviations in the sensor data and/or statistics to a concentrator of sensor information, and if not to return to step  2005  to receive and store more new data. Meaningful deviations could be anything outside of expected limits, for example two-sigma statistical limits about a mean of purely random behavior. The test  2055  would also check the priority of the sensor&#39;s information compared to that of other sensors attempting to utilize the same communication bandwidth(s), because priorities can change, and would give communications priority to those other sensors when they have a higher priority. And if an advisory is under effect from a higher-level subsystem or NOC to reduce bandwidth utilization, as when under a heightened terrorist alert, the test  2055  may use a rule to decide upon the frequency of information reporting. If it is time to transmit the data and/or statistics, then a fourth test  2057  is made to check whether a preferred concentrator subsystem is working properly  2015 , and if so to do so. Such a preferred concentrator subsystem is normally one that is at a next higher level in a hierarchy of data and information collection, the hierarchy starting with sensor subsystems at the lowest level, followed by concentrator subsystems at one or more higher level(s), and reaching to a monitor and control subsystem at an even higher level. If the preferred (i.e. targeted) higher-level subsystem is not working properly, then the data and/or information is transmitted  2013  instead to an alternative recipient. However, as disclosed farther below the preferred or targeted recipient, under conditions of a detected or possible threat, or of a detected or otherwise known inability to operate properly, may be made another sensor, a different concentrator, or a different monitor and control subsystem. 
       FIG. 10  shows a flow chart of a method  3001  used by a concentrator subsystem to receive  3005  information and data from sensor subsystems, to analyze  3007  the information and data collectively for threat information, and to communicate  3009 , 3011  that threat information to another working concentrator subsystem or to a monitor and control subsystem. The method  3001  would be carried out by a processor executing a stored program (stored on a computer readable medium) and in communication with at least one sensor unit (e.g. the sensor unit  643  shown in  FIG. 4 , the sensor subsystem  661  shown in  FIG. 5 , or the sensor subsystem  703  in  FIG. 6 ), and with at least a monitor and control system (e.g. the monitor and control subsystem  1543  in  FIG. 7 ,  891  in  FIG. 6 , or  681  in  FIG. 5 ) or another concentrator subsystem (e.g. the concentrator subsystem  673  shown in  FIG. 5  or the concentrator subsystem  823  in  FIG. 6 ). The processor and stored program might be part of a concentrator subsystem. Following a start  3003  of the method  3001 , information from one or more sensors (e.g. the sensor unit  643  in  FIG. 4 , the sensor subsystems  661 , 663 , 665  shown in  FIG. 5 , or the sensor subsystems  703 , 705 , 707  in  FIG. 6 ) or from one or more concentrator subsystems (e.g. in  FIG. 6 , concentrator  823  could receive from concentrators  801 , 803 , 805 ) would be received and stored  3005 . Following the receipt of that information, it would be analyzed  3007  for threats. Concentrators have an advantage over single sensor subsystems in that they can analyze sensor information received from more than a single sensor, and can thereby inspect for trends and unexpected behaviors with a greater sensitivity for detecting actual threats as well as a greater ability to infer new information. For example, if a concentrator detects that multiple sensors in a given physical location are all revealing unexpected behavior, it becomes more probable that there is a real cause to that behavior, and may also infer that the threat is affecting more than a single location. Also for example, if a succession of sensors separated distances from one another reveals a succession of unexpected behavior displaced in time differently from one another, that data may be analyzed to reveal a direction and speed of movement of a threat, be it movement of an object or a cloud of gas. After this analysis is made, a first test  3051  would be made to check whether it is advisable to communicate discovery of meaningful analysis results to another concentrator subsystem or monitor and control subsystem, and if not to return to step  3005  to receive and store more new information. Meaningful deviations could be anything outside of expected limits, for example two-sigma statistical limits about a mean of purely random behavior. The test  3051  would also check the priority of the sensor&#39;s information compared to that of other sensors attempting to utilize the same communication bandwidth(s), because priorities can change, and would give communications priority to those other sensors when they have a higher priority. And if an advisory is under effect from a higher-level subsystem or NOC to reduce bandwidth utilization, as when under a heightened terrorist alert, the test  3051  may use a rule to decide upon the frequency of information reporting. If it is time to transmit the analysis results, then a second test  3053  is made to check  3053  whether a preferred targeted recipient (e.g. a concentrator subsystem at a higher level) is working properly, and if so to transmit  3011  the information to the targeted recipient. Such a preferred concentrator subsystem is normally one that is at a next higher level in a hierarchy of data and information collection starting just above sensor subsystems at the lowest level, to concentrator subsystems at one or more higher level(s), and reaching to a monitor and control subsystem at an even higher level. If the preferred concentrator subsystem or monitor-and-control system is not working properly, then the analysis results are transmitted  3009  instead to an alternative concentrator subsystem or monitor and control subsystem. The alternative concentrator subsystem could be at the same level in a hierarchy. However, as disclosed farther below the preferred or targeted recipient, under conditions of a detected or possible threat, or of a detected or otherwise known inability to operate properly, may be made a different concentrator or a different monitor and control subsystem. 
       FIG. 11  shows a flow chart of a method  4001  used by a monitor and control subsystem to receive information from concentrator subsystems, to analyze that information for threats, to control alarms, and to take countermeasures. The method  4001  would be carried out by a processor executing a stored program (stored on a computer readable medium) and in communication with at least one sensor unit (e.g. the sensor unit  643  shown in  FIG. 4 , the sensor subsystem  661  shown in  FIG. 5 , or the sensor subsystem  703  in  FIG. 6 ) by way of zero or more concentrator subsystems (e.g. the concentrator subsystem  671  shown in  FIG. 5  or the concentrator subsystem  823  in  FIG. 6 ), and with at least a monitor and control system (e.g. the monitor and control subsystem  1543  in  FIG. 7 ,  891  in  FIG. 6 , or  681  in  FIG. 5 ). The processor and stored program might be part of the monitor and control subsystem. Following a start  4003  of the method  4001 , information from at least one sensor (e.g. the sensor unit  643  in  FIG. 4 , the sensor subsystem  661  shown in  FIG. 5 , or the sensor subsystem  703  in  FIG. 6 ) or from at least one concentrator subsystem would be received and stored  4005 . Following the receipt of that information, it would be analyzed  4007  for threats. After this analysis is made, a first test  4051  would be made to check whether alarm conditions are present in the information, and if not to reset alarms and return to step  4005  to receive and store more new information. If alarm conditions are met, then alarms are activated (ON)  4011 , after which a second test  4053  is made to check whether countermeasures are justified, and if so to activate the appropriate countermeasures  4015  and return to step  4005  to receive and store more new information, or if not to reset (turn OFF)  4013  the countermeasure(s). Typically countermeasures would be taken by one or more subsystems which have the capability to control themselves once activated to ON, and can turn themselves off once the threat condition that warranted their use was no longer a threat. 
       FIG. 12  shows a computer subsystem  5001  in block diagram form representing a computing engine and associated components, various combinations of which can be used for various components and subsystems in embodiments of the invention. The computer subsystem  5001  shown comprises a central processing unit (CPU)  5003  in communication connection with program memory  5005 , data storage memory  5007 , a user interface  5009 , any number of communication interfaces  5011 , any number of security system components and/or subsystems  5013 , a power supply  5015 , one or more RF Transceivers  5017 , a Global Positioning System (GPS) device  5019 , a radio-frequency identification device (RFID device)  5021 , and any number of other devices  5023 . The program memory (which is a non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage device) can contain program instructions which the processor can use to execute such routines as a signal processor, a sensor tester, a sensor calibrator, a sensor tuner, a driver, a message sender, a message receiver, a communication stack protocol, an encrypter, a decrypter, an authenticator, a threshold comparer, an inference engine, a statistical analyzer, and other instructions by which to execute rules and other routines necessary to carry out the functions described for various subsystems. The user interface  5009  can comprise a graphical user interface (GUI) or other human interface devices such as a keypad or keyboard, a touch-screen, one or more knobs, one or more pushbuttons, and any of a variety of one or more LED&#39;s, numeric displays, and/or other display devices. Such a user interface may permit maintenance, service personnel, and/or others to access the workings of a subsystem by requiring entry of a security code, user name, and/or password. Such use and entry may also be required to correlate in time within a pre-scheduled event period entered at a higher-level subsystem such as a NOC. Any use and entry made in this fashion, in some embodiments, is logged and transmitted to the controlling NOC for creating an audit trail, and this trail would include any failure messages and acknowledgements from message recipients. The user interface  5009  may also serve as a mini-NOC user interface, in some embodiments, on one or more of the possible subsystem in the security system  11 . A minimum set of subsystem elements comprised by a computer subsystem  5001  would include at least the CPU  5003 , the program memory  5005 , the data storage memory  5007 , the power supply  5015 , and at least one of the communication interfaces  5011 . One notable use for the data storage memory  5007  is for archiving data that can thereafter be made available for forensic purposes or evidence following a terrorist incident that might have cut-off the sensor subsystem from the rest of the security system. The one or more communications interfaces can be of any kind. The security system components and subsystems  5013  can be any one or more of sensor subsystems (autonomous or not), concentrator subsystems (autonomous or not), monitor and control servers, alarm servers, countermeasure servers, network operations center servers, tactical operations center servers, or other servers or devices. Any or all of the communications interfaces  5011  can be used to communicate data and/or control signals, and any or all of the communications made over these interfaces can be encrypted and require the exchange security identification signatures and/or codes. The power supply  5015  can be a dedicated one or can be a shared source of power as from a power distribution system, or from a back-up power system. The power supply  5015  could be solely or partly comprised of a solar cell, a fuel cell, a chemical battery, or a generator of power operating off of wind, thermal differences, mechanical vibrations, or ambient electro-magnetic waves. Any energy storage component of the power supply  5015  could be rechargeable by way of inductive coupling to a charging source. The RF transceiver  5017  can be of any type and can even be a transceiver of other than radio-frequency electro-magnetic signals, for example of light or sound signals. A GPS device  5019  can provide location information which the CPU  5003  can communicate by way of the transceiver  5017  or the communication interfaces  5011  to other security components. GPS information can be used to keep track of the location of the computer subsystem  5001 , and can be used to provide location information useful in locating a security threat. Falsified GPS information can also be used as purposeful misinformation for stealth and deception as when advantageous to protect the security of the secure region  105 . An RFID device  5021  can provide identification information of the computer subsystem  5001  independently of identification information stored within the data storage memory  5007  or program memory  5005 , and can provide identification information directly to external devices that come within the proximity of the RFID device. Other devices  5023  can include such devices as a sensor probe, a watch-dog timer, a snooze or sleep timer, a disturbance emitter, a signal processor, or a weapon. RFID devices can also be controlled to provide deceptive information when advantageous to the security of the secure region  105 . 
     Various embodiments of the invention include means that are sensory, adaptive, stealthy, and/or autonomous. For example, within  FIG. 9  and  FIG. 10 , the steps  2015  and  3011  to “transmit information to a targeted recipient” can have the targeted recipient changed to other than a default preferred targeted recipient. Reasons for such a change may include that a first preferred targeted recipient is temporarily under maintenance or being repaired, is damaged, or is suspected to be compromised by terrorist activity. Other reasons for such a change may be that by doing so may confound eavesdroppers by effectively re-routing information from normal routes. But such changes in the routing of information (e.g. messages) aren&#39;t limited to routings between sensors, concentrators, and monitor and control systems. Such changes can extend to changing from otherwise expected routes used between any of the other component subsystems comprised by the security system  11  or shown in  FIG. 1  or any of  FIGS. 5-7 . With the help of  FIG. 8 , it can also be appreciated that embodiments of the invention may involve the purposeful changing of media, communication link technologies, and/or communications technology attributes dynamically in order to make eavesdropping more difficult. If a localized threat is perceived (correctly or not) by the security system  11 , routings can be changed in order to route as much communication away from the location of the perceived threat. As mentioned above, misinformation may also be purposefully transmitted on any of the communication connections for deceiving eavesdroppers, and especially may be utilized and focused to communication routes in the vicinity of a perceived threat that may appear localized. Also as mentioned above, subsystems of the security system  11  may be given autonomous means to enable them to continue operating to collect, analyze, and act independently of other system components which may be temporarily inoperative. As mentioned above in the description of  FIG. 1 , embodiments of the invention may include the use of decoys (e.g. mis-information honey-pots) to lure and/or trap those who attempt to breach security of the security system  11 . Examples of decoys that can be part of an embodiment of the invention include a sensor  211  hidden in a plant or disguised as a plant, a sensing subsystem or device  213  that is real or masquerading as real, and a sensor subsystem  217  hidden in a tree (or disguised as a tree). Any sensor, device, or event that purposely provides or causes misinformation (or that is a purposefully inoperable countermeasure subsystem) may serve as a decoy in the present invention. Some decoys of the current invention may be a device, communication, or event that can distract in order to conceal what is desired to be kept secure, or in order to distract terrorists or other potential assailants) away from the secure area  105 . Such decoys can be completely passive or they can be active and even autonomous. A decoy within an embodiment of the invention can also be more than a single subsystem or device; for example, a decoy can be two or more sensors and/or countermeasure subsystems (and/or communications) coordinated in their locations and actions. For example, a surveillance camera  153  can be made to observe activity near to the decoy subsystem  213  (see  FIG. 1 ), and a countermeasure subsystem (such as gun  163 ) may in reaction be automatically aiming toward the decoy subsystem  213 , all while communicating audible warnings to the potential terror suspect. An example of stealth within an embodiment of the invention is that of dynamically changing the routing and/or normal sequence of successive messages (or information) being transmitted from one system component to another. 
       FIG. 13  shows a flow chart of process steps within a method used by some embodiments of the invention to make inferences. These inferences may be based on sensor data or on other data or information available to an embodiment of the invention. The software to execute the analysis steps described under the descriptions of  FIGS. 9 ,  10 , and  11  above are stored in program memory  5005  available to a processor (CPU)  5003  as depicted in  FIG. 12  above.  FIG. 13  shows some steps that may be included in these analysis steps for analysis of sensor data and information through to deducing and inferring new information useful in detecting a terrorist threat, or other threats on the security site  101 . Such analyses and deductions might include the use of deduction and inference rules stored within program memory  5005  or within data storage memory  5007 . A typical deduction and inference method  6001  (or process) is shown in  FIG. 13  to begin with a start  6003  followed by a step  6005  to gather a collection of sensor data with its associated data and information. This is followed by a step  6007  to apply deduction and inference rules to the collection. This is followed by a step  6009  to draw inferences. This is followed by a step  6011  to communicate inferences to other subsystems, most typically a higher-level subsystem in a hierarchy, or directly to a monitoring subsystem (which may be a monitoring and control subsystem). Finally the method can end  6013 . One example of such a deduction and inference would be that an object is moving along the length of the barrier wall if sensors within a succession of barrier modules displaced from one another along a common direction pick up a respective succession of disturbance signals with increasing time from one barrier module to the next along the succession of barrier modules. Other examples of a deduction and inference would be a) that a potential threat exists at a specific barrier module having a specific barrier module identification value or GPS-reported location if a sensor within that barrier module detects a disturbance from a norm, but no other nearby sensors detects any disturbances from their respective norms; b) that a vehicle is close to a given barrier module if a spectrophotometer within that barrier module detects one or more above-average signals of the type of gas component(s) expected from a vehicle; c) that a noxious or lethal gas is moving in a given direction if a spectrophotometer detects the gas and a wind indicator detects wind blowing in that given direction; d) that someone is attempting to eavesdrop on communication from a given sensor subsystem, if that communication produces different data being received by any recipient of that data from different communication paths or channels; e) that a terrorist is moving a sensor (or decoy sensor) if the GPS position information coming from it is changing while no prescheduled maintenance is due at the time for that decoy; f) that at least one barrier module has been displaced (given an indication that its GPS coordinates have changed) by a terrorist&#39;s attempt to break through the barrier, but that the attempt was apparently unsuccessful because communication by way of a cable running through the tunnels of the barrier modules is still operative, and g) that an attacker has disabled sensors and/or security components (or their subsystems) by damaging or disconnecting one or more sources of electrical power. On a simpler note, sensor subsystems on, within, nearby, or otherwise near enough to have a range that reaches barrier modules of the security barrier  109 , collectively provide the security system  11  (i.e. its NOC and TOC centers) with a constant forensic heartbeat on status of its health and alarms, on maintenance issues, moisture detection, unusual power usage, loss of subsystems, etc., any and all of which can be graphically displayed in an organized manner (e.g. utilizing a geographical information system or GIS) at least on NOC browsers  1513  and TOC browsers  1603 . 
       FIG. 14  shows a flow chart of a method  7001  used by a sensor subsystem to actively participate in learning improved analysis and decision rules for use in detecting disturbances that could indicate a threat condition, as well as to obtain corroboration(s) from other sensors when potentially meaningful disturbances are detected). The method  7001  could be included within the analysis step  2011  of the method described in  FIG. 9 , but wherein the collect new data step  7005 , and the send alarm notice step  7025 , would no longer be needed in this method  7001 . The method  7001  begins at a start  7003 , followed by the step to collect new data  7005 . The collect new data step  7005  is followed by a test  7007  which checks whether the sensor subsystem has received authority to change threshold(s) to be used in the analyze step  7011 . The analyze step  7011  follows step  7007  immediately if the authority has not been received. If the authority has been received, a step  7009  is taken to set new threshold(s) before going to the analyze step  7011 . The granting or denial of authority which may or may not be received is that coming from a higher-level subsystem to which the sensor has previously made a request for authorization. The analysis step  7011  checks whether the currently obtained or received data exceeds normal thresholds for normal ambient conditions or not. The method  6001  previously described can be at least part of this analysis step  7011  but wherein its final step  6011  to communicate inferences to other subsystems may or may not be performed depending upon secondary objectives of the analysis in step  7011 . After this analysis step  7011 , a test  7013  is made of whether the new data indicates new behavior not previously recorded. If such behavior is noticed, then characterizing parameters (and even the raw data such as images from a camera) are saved in the step  7015  to save behavior parameters, and to request authority from a Monitoring and Control subsystem to use these parameters next time in its analyze step  7011 . Whether new behavior is experienced or not, these steps are followed by a test step  7017  to check whether the new data has crossed critical thresholds. The method  7001  sends  7027  if no threshold has been crossed, but continues to a step  7019  to request corroboration from other subsystems if at least one threshold has been crossed. Of particular note, the request corroboration step  7019  can not only request reports from one or more other sensors, but can effect induced disturbances which may add to the strength of a sensor&#39;s signals. These induced disturbances can be caused by directives from the sensor (or a concentrator, or an NOC) to activate certain countermeasures (or emissions from other subsystems such as instances of a boundary sentry  8017  described with respect to  FIG. 15  below). The induced disturbances may be purposefully timed to be before or during the one or more other sensors&#39; collection of that new data. If the induced disturbance(s) is/are unexpected in an absence of an intruder, then the validity of the original sensor data is confirmed as indicating a potential threat, or otherwise as not indicating a potential threat. Step  7009  is followed by a test step  7021  to check whether or not corroboration has been received from another subsystem. If corroboration has not been received, then step  7023  adds a condition to an alarm notice to that effect. In either regard, the following step  7025  is that of sending the alarm notice to a higher-level subsystem. Following step  7025 , the method  7001  ends at  7027 . 
       FIG. 15  shows a diagrammatic plan-view representation of a security site  8001 , a portion of the site  8001  of which was more fully shown in perspective in  FIG. 1  as security site  101 . An outer zone  8003  is unprotected by the site  8001 . A buffer zone  8005  is situated between the outer zone  8003  and a protected zone  8009 . An entry gate zone  8007  shows a place of secured access for people and vehicles moving between the buffer zone  8007  and the protected zone  8009 . Within the protected zone  8009  and representing portions of the protected zone  8009 , are three other zones: a first special zone  8011 , a second special zone  8013 , and a third special zone  8015 . At one or more locations at the boundaries between zones, a border sentry  8017  (represented as a circle) and/or a check station  8019  (represented as a square) is/are shown. A first security center  8021  is located within the second special zone  8013 . A second security center  8023  is shown located outside the buffer zone  8005 . A first boundary  8025  is shown separating the outer zone  8003  from the buffer zone  8005 . A second boundary  8027  is shown separating the buffer zone from the protected zone  8009 , however a gap in the boundary between the buffer zone  8025  and the protected zone  8009  is occupied by an entry gate zone  8007  which is itself partially bounded by a third boundary  8029 . This second boundary  8027  would be defined by placement of a row of armored barrier modules and is depicted within  FIG. 15  as a thicker line than used elsewhere in the drawing. Side boundaries of the entry gate zone  8007  may also comprise armored barrier modules, so those (such as third boundary  8029 ) are drawn with the same thicker line. The first special zone  8011  within the protected zone  8009  is bordered by a fourth boundary  8031  and a fifth boundary  8033 , wherein the fifth boundary  8033  is a gap within the fourth boundary  8031  and serves as an entrance and exit gateway to and from the first special zone. The fourth boundary  8031  may, for example, comprise a high-voltage fence or a high armored wall on a high embankment around the first special zone  8011 . The second special zone  8013  within the protected zone  8009  is bordered by a sixth boundary  8035  which may comprise, for example, a high reinforced concrete wall, as well as one or more security-guard guarded entrance and exit door(s). The third special zone  8015  within the protected zone  8009  is bordered partially by a seventh boundary  8037  and partially by a portion of the second boundary  8027 , wherein the seventh boundary  8037  may be, for example, a chain-link fence with locked entrance and exit gates. A person  223  is shown standing in the buffer zone  8005  not far from the entry gate zone  8007 . The person is shown carrying one or more personal device(s)  8039 . The First Security Center  8021  and the second security center  8023  are each shown with a radar antenna  8041 . 
     In some embodiments of the invention, no level of security clearance may be required for a person, vehicle, or other equipment to be within the outer zone  8003  shown in  FIG. 15 . The level of security clearance required to be in the buffer zone  8005  may be low but requiring at least some minimum show of credentials. The level of security clearance required to be within the entry gate zone  8007  can be higher than that of the buffer zone  8005 , but a still higher level of security clearance is normally required within the protected zone  8009 . A still higher level of security clearance could be required within the first special zone  8011 . Between the levels of security clearance required to be within the protected zone  8009  and also within the first special zone  8011 , can be intermediate levels of security clearance to be within other special zones such as the second special zone  8013  and the third special zone  8015 . This example might be appropriate for a nuclear power plant where the power generation facility is within the first special zone, the management and staff offices within the second special zone  8013 , and the maintenance yard within the third special zone  8015 . 
       FIG. 15  shows multiple instances of the use of a border sentry  8017  (represented as a circle) and/or a check station  8019  (represented as a square) at the boundaries between zones. Numerous instances of a border sentry  8017  are shown on each boundary, with those on each boundary somewhat uniformly distributed apart from one another along the entire length of that boundary. Not far from each instance of a border sentry  8017  can be found an instance of a check station  8019 . A border sentry  8017  is a type of disturbance emitter and can emit some form of communication (such as one or more audible voice announcements and/or warnings, distractingly loud noises, or bright flashes of light) that would normally be noticed by an intruder or by a non-hostile person detected by one or more of the sensor subsystems of the security system  11 . Depending upon the situation of how much the security system  11  may be able to determine about a suspected intruder, the security system  11  has the option to activate any given instance of a border sentry  8017 ; the option to reveal to a suspected intruder that he has been discovered (in certain locations) may be important especially if lethal countermeasures may be employed. Announcements, warnings, or instructions, when given would be given in multiple languages depending on the region. The announcements may provide instructions to check-in at a specific instance of a check station  8019  or just a nearby instance of a check station  8019 . In some situations where foul play is suspected, the information given out by an instance of a border sentry could be purposefully false information designed to confuse an intruder. An instance of a check station  8019  is a means for a person receiving such a communication to check in with the security system  11  that they have the appropriate security clearance to be within the zone they are currently, or that they have the appropriate security clearance to approach and enter the next zone requiring the next higher level security clearance. The check-in process may involve a series of challenges for correct responses such as for a password, for an iris scan, for the person&#39;s weight, for the person&#39;s name, or other shows of identity and/or credentials. These instances of a check station  8019  may utilize the same diversities in communication with the rest of the security systems networks as other subsystems within the security system  11 . Just inside the entry gate zone  8007  is shown an instance of a check station  8019  that would be associated with two instances of a border sentry  8017  found one on each side of the entry gate zone  8007 ; it is usual that this instance of a check station  8019  would be attended by one or more security guards to double-check and assist persons entering or leaving the protected zone  8009 . The person  223  shown standing in the boundary zone  8005  is shown carrying one or more personal devices  8039 ; these personal devices may, for example, be one or more of the following: a GPS device, an RFID device, a cell-phone, a secure-ID card, or any wireless device that can help to identify the person to the security system  11 . Any one or more of these devices may be required, or may just serve to help the person  223 , to check in or register with any given instance of a check station  8019 , and some may aid in permitting the security system  11  to physically and/or logically track the movement of the person about the security site  8001 . These personal devices  8039 , in addition to a person&#39;s registering with the instances of a check station  8019 , can permit a person  223  to safely cross into a zone of next higher security, but their entry may still be cautionary and produce accorded alarms as relating to a person with assumed adequate credentials, but not fully assured as being legitimate. Within this disclosure, the aforementioned boundary system utilizing instances of a boundary sentry  8017  and a check station  8019  to afford a person&#39;s safe passage through both hard and soft boundaries to zones of increased security level can be referred to as a “MOATS” system, where “MOATS” is an acronym for “monitored-offensive-automated-threat-system. 
     As seen in  FIG. 15 , radar and any other sensor device and subsystem for monitoring air-space above and around the security site  8001  may be made a part of the security system  11 . The first security center  8021 , within the second special zone  8013 , is shown to include a radar antenna  8041 , as is the second security center  8023  shown outside the buffer zone  8005 . A radar subsystem using one or more instances of a radar antenna  8041  can give the security system  11  the capability of detecting and tracking the location and motion of one or more ground targets as well as targets in the air, and wherein the target may be a suspected terrorist perhaps in a vehicle or airplane or even on foot. 
     The security system  11  protecting the security site  8001  shown in  FIG. 15  may include failsafe features. Sensor and countermeasure subsystems that fail can be made to automatically become inoperative should self-checking of their operating health fail to reset a hold on a respective automatic shut-down function. In addition subsystems such as sensor subsystems, concentrator subsystems, countermeasure subsystems, and network operation centers, can check the health of one-another through back-and-forth messaging to request transmissions of information that would be sufficient to guarantee that the other subsystem is continuing to be operational and in good health. (Within this disclosure, what is meant by a subsystem&#39;s health is that its software and hardware operate as they were designed to operate.) Other examples of fail-safe design within embodiments of the invention may include the ability of one or more security centers (like the second security center  8023 ) situated outside the security site  8001  to continually check on the health of the security site  8001  and security system  11  by means of communications with the first security center  8021  (that would include an NOC and perhaps a TOC), and to back-up or take over the full or partial roll of the first security center  8021  when necessary, or even to control the security system  11  to shut it and its subsystems down completely (even its autonomously operating subsystems) should it be found that no human operators are present and responsive at the security site  8001 . Automatic weapons controlled by the security system  11  (and autonomous weapons which are part of the security system  11 ) can be made to shut down and become locked by respective fail-safe watch-dog timing functions and their associated apparatuses if the weapon subsystems don&#39;t continue to generate signals required to keep themselves alive, and the weapon subsystems don&#39;t continue to receive keep-alive signals from higher-level subsystems in the security system  11 . Such a situation could result, for example, if no human security persons are alive on the security site  8001  and/or no external security center (such as the second security center  8023 ) are/is controlling the security system  11 . Another fail-safe feature of some of the embodiments of the security system  11  is that of being able to shut down the security of the system by boundaries, for example starting first with subsystems at the first boundary  8025 , then the second boundary  8027 , then the third boundary  8029 , the seventh boundary  8035 , the sixth boundary  8033 , and the fifth boundary  8031  in succession. 
     Although the methods for collecting and analyzing sensor data for information meaningful in detecting a terrorist threat to a secure region  105  at a secure site  101  (and  8001 ) are described as being comprised of various steps (e.g. method of sensor data collection  2001 , method  3001  used by a concentrator subsystem, method  4001  used by a monitor and control subsystem, method  6001  used in making deductions and inferences, and method  7001  used by a sensor subsystem to actively participate in learning improved analysis and decision rules as well as to obtain corroboration(s) from other sensors when potentially meaningful disturbances are detected), fewer or more steps may comprise the process and still fall within the scope of various embodiments. 
     Several embodiments are specifically illustrated and/or described herein. However, it will be appreciated that modifications and variations are covered by the above teachings and within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and intended scope thereof. For example, communications links between various subsystems can use any of various interfacing methods and protocols (and/or various encryption methods) and be arranged in various other networking architectures; communications networks may overlap one-another; analysis steps can reset data and information memory; and monitor and control subsystems can report to higher level systems such as a Tactical Operations Center and a Network Operations Center at the same site or at sites different from the site hosting the armored security system. Method steps described herein may be performed in alternative orders. Various embodiments of the invention include programs and/or program logic stored on non-transitory, tangible computer readable media of any kind (e.g. optical discs, magnetic discs, semiconductor memory). System structures and organizations described herein may be rearranged. Various embodiments of the invention can include interconnections of various types between various numbers of various subsystems and sub-components. The examples provided herein are exemplary and are not meant to be exclusive. 
     Although specific embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that any arrangement configured to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that the above description has been made in an illustrative fashion, and not a restrictive one. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The scope of various embodiments of the invention includes any other applications in which the above structures and methods are used. Some aspects of the invention are listed in the following paragraph. 
     Aspects of the invention are provided in the following list:
     1. A security system comprising:
       a. a sensor subsystem having a sensor and a detection threshold for determining an alarm condition; and   b. a second subsystem communicatively connected to the sensor subsystem and that receives an alarm notification from the sensor subsystem;   wherein the sensor subsystem requires authority from the second subsystem to adjust the detection threshold.   
       2. The security system of item 1, wherein the sensor is one of the group consisting of a camera, an image sensor, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a motion sensor, an electro-magnetic sensor, a position sensor, a location sensor, a radio-frequency identification device sensor, a global positioning sensor, a terrestrial triangulation sensor, a radar sensing system, a Doppler sensor, a distance sensor, an attitude sensor, an elevation sensor, a rotation sensor, an impact sensor, a capacitance sensor, a charge sensor, a current sensor, a resistivity sensor, a voltage sensor, a power sensor, a continuity sensor, a cable-continuity sensor, a contact sensor, a touch sensor, a vibration sensor, a weight sensor, an acoustic sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a microphone, a shot locator, an event sensor, a tension sensor, a compression sensor, a gas sensor, a spectrophotometer, a liquid sensor, a level sensor, a humidity sensor, a smoke sensor, a fire sensor, a heat sensor, a temperature sensor, a wind sensor, an ambient light sensor, a laser sensor, a trip sensor, a laser beam-break sensor, a microwave beam-break sensor.   3. The security system of item 1, further comprising:
       a. other subsystems communicatively connected to the second subsystem; and   b. other sensors connected to the other subsystems;   wherein the authority is granted when the second subsystem detects a predetermined level of alarm correlation between the sensor subsystem and at least one of the other subsystems.   
       4. The security system of item 3, further comprising: a disturbance emitter connected to the sensor subsystems; wherein the sensor subsystem activates the disturbance emitter to induce an alarm response from the sensor subsystem.   5. The security system of item 4, wherein the second subsystem comprises an inference engine which uses rules to decide whether to authorize the sensor subsystem to adjust the detection threshold based on correlation or lack of correlation between emissions from the disturbance emitter and alarms from the sensor.   6. The security system of item 3, further comprising: a disturbance emitter connected to at least one of the other subsystems; wherein the second subsystem activates the disturbance emitter to induce an alarm response from the sensor subsystem.   7. The security system of item 6, wherein the second subsystem comprises an inference engine which uses rules to decide whether to authorize the sensor subsystem to adjust the detection threshold based on correlation or lack of correlation between emissions from the disturbance emitter and alarms from the sensor.   8. The security system of item 5, wherein the disturbance emitter is a countermeasure subsystem.   9. The security system of claim  8 , wherein the countermeasure subsystem is one selected from the group consisting of a canon, sound emitter, shockwave emitter, microwave emitters, gun, emitter of a noxious gas, emitter of bright light, high-voltage surface, high-voltage projected barb, missile, deployable tank, and vehicle ram.   10. A security system comprising:
       a. a group of communicatively inter-connected sensor subsystems each having at least one sensor and at least one detection threshold for determining a respective alarm condition; and   b. at least one inference engine operable by using at least one set or rules and embodied within a controlling subsystem that is at least one of the sensor subsystems or within another subsystem communicatively connected to at least one of the sensor subsystems;   wherein the inference engine operates to receive alarm notifications from the sensor subsystems and to apply its set of rules to infer information about causes of various alarm combinations.   
       11. The security system of item 10, wherein the inference engine also operates to activate at least one disturbance emitter and cause the adjustment of at least one of the detector thresholds based at least in part on a sensor response to the disturbance emitter.   12. The security system of item 10, further comprising: one of the group consisting of a barrier module and an armored building module; wherein at least two of the sensor subsystems are inter-connected by means of a communications path that runs through at least a portion of the one of the group.   13. A network comprising:
       a. a first computer; and   b. a computerized sensor having a unique digital identifier, the sensor connected to the first computer for communicating sensor data from the sensor to the first computer;   wherein the data sent from the computerized sensor to the first computer is encrypted data.   
       14. The network of item 13, wherein communications of finite duration from the computerized sensor to the first computer begin at pseudo-randomly chosen times known in advance by both the first computer and the computerized sensor.   15. The network of item 13, further comprising: multiple communications media for communicating sensor data from the computerized sensor to the first computer.   16. The network of item 15, wherein communication of sensor data from the computerized sensor to the first computer switches automatically from one communications medium to another communications medium.   17. The network of item 16, wherein switching automatically from one communications medium to another communications medium occurs at times known in advance by both the computerized sensor and the first computer.   18. The network of item 13, further comprising: a variety of communications protocols each stored on a non-transitory, tangible computer-readable storage medium;
       wherein the data sent from the computerized sensor to the first computer is sent using the variety of communications protocols.   
       19. The network of item 13, further comprising: one of the group consisting of a barrier module and an armored building module; wherein at least one of the communications media has a path of communication that runs through at least a portion of the one of the group.   20. A security system comprising:
       a. a group of sensor subsystems each having a unique digital identifier and each having at least one sensor and detection threshold for determining an alarm condition; and   b. an additional subsystem communicatively connected to the sensor subsystems, that receives alarm notifications from the sensor subsystems, and that includes an inference engine operable by using at least one set or rules;   wherein the sensor subsystems require authority from the additional subsystem to adjust the detection thresholds;   wherein the inference engine operates to receive alarm notifications from the sensor subsystems and to apply its set of rules to infer information about causes of various alarm combinations; and   wherein data sent from a sensor subsystem to the additional subsystem is encrypted data.