Abstract:
A safety device for stairway elevator systems ( 10 ) used for transporting apparatus and goods, especially wheelchairs ( 9 ) with persons who are unable to walk. The device is characterized in that the stairway elevator ( 10 ) or wheelchair ( 9 ) is fitted with a mounting device ( 20 ) equipped with a rotation pin ( 21 ). A support bracket ( 30 ) is mounted on the rotation pin ( 21 ) and a braking and blocking device ( 40 ) is attached to both the support bracket ( 30 ) and mounting device ( 20 ). A sensor ( 70 ) controls the braking and blocking device ( 40 ) in such a way that it blocks the support bracket ( 30 ) as soon as the stairway elevator ( 10 ) is at risk of tipping over and down the stairs ( 1 ) and releases the support bracket ( 30 ) when the stairway elevator ( 10 ) is placed at a correct angle to the stairs( 1 ).

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to safety devices to be used with stair-climbing systems (also referred to as “stair-climbers”) for conveying equipment and goods, in particular wheelchairs with handicapped persons. 
     Two construction principles are widely known for stair-climbers used for conveying wheelchairs with handicapped persons in stairways. One construction principle uses crawler chassis. The crawlers are long enough for at least three stairs to be grasped at the same time. In this way, accidental tipping over of the wheelchair and the person is impossible, so that falls with resulting injuries or even deaths are ruled out. These stair-climbers have problems with narrow and curved stairways, however, due to the length and width of the crawler chassis. 
     The other construction principle uses numerous wheels that rotate not only around their own axle but at the same time around an axle shared by all wheels. Cf. DE-C 37 13 564 or DE-C 32 26 294. With these apparatuses, it is advantageous on the one hand that only rubber-tired wheels come into contact with the stairway and, in particular, the stair edge, in such a way that damage is largely ruled out; on the other hand, it is quite dangerous that the wheels can only engage the steps to a limited depth. Operating these devices therefore requires particular caution and circumspection, namely not the least because the load is a human being. In actual fact, however, stairways have many different designs: they range from relatively flat stairways running completely straight to narrow, steep, winding staircases. Climbing the stairs with the stair-climbers based on the multiple-wheel principle is not without danger because the apparatus can tilt. The stair-climber, the wheelchair and the person must therefore be held by a strong operator. Unfortunately, accidents still take place repeatedly. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is based on the technical problem of indicating safety devices to add on to stair-climbing systems in danger of tilting over. 
     This technical problem is solved by safety devices. 
     These safety devices, for which there are the designs and further developments defined, have numerous advantages. 
     A first advantage quite substantial for the interested parties is that they can be added on to all known stair-climbing systems, including stair-climbers for conveying wheelchairs with handicapped persons, and those yet to be developed, in such a way that falls will no longer be possible in the future. 
     A further advantage is that the support arm can be constructed relatively short, because it only needs to bridge over one to two stairs. Since it is also very narrow, tightly winding stairways do not pose any problems either. 
     As a third advantage, it should be cited that the support arms according to the invention do not in any way change the handling of the stair-climber system itself, because in the normal situation, they are fully movable relative to the stair-climber system. Only when the stair-climber system assumes a position where there is danger of tilting over is the hinge of the support arm blocked, namely until the operator has brought the stair-climber system back into a safe position. 
     According to a first, preferred design of the invention, devices mounted in the lower end area of the support arm and preferably made of an elastic and thus stairway-protecting material bring about a support action impacting largely vertically on the stepping surface of the next step down and the step below that. It has been shown that the support on the stepping surface of the stairs is much safer and more reliable than a support at the front edge of the steps. The jolt caused when the hinge is blocked is optimally intercepted. 
     At the free end of the support arm, numerous of support feet are preferably mounted or molded on, one of which supports itself on the stepping surface of the next step down or the step below that in case of danger, as already mentioned. The arrangement of several support feet makes possible an optimal adaptation to different heights and depths of the stairs. 
     According to a further development, the support feet are divided into two units. One unit, preferably the upper one, is mounted sliding and pivoting on the support arm against a spring and is equipped with a blocking system that blocks the movable unit as soon as the force brought to bear on the stairway overcomes the force of the spring, which is always the case when the stair-climber is in danger of falling over the stairway and the braking and blocking system has blocked the hinge of the support arm. 
     In particular in order to protect the stair edges, according to an advantageous further development of this invention it is recommended to mount a runner parallel to the support arm, wherein a draw spring pulls the support arm into the runner in such a way that in the normal situation, only the front edge of the runner rests on the stair edges. It is understood that the spring force must be measured in such a way that in case of danger, the support feet of the support arm can deploy their support function without delay. 
     The runner preferably has a U-shaped cross-section. In this way, in the normal situation the support arm and its support feet are covered on all sides. 
     In order to protect the stair edges, the front edge of the runner can be coated with an easily sliding material. An even better protection results when a continuous belt is mounted in front of the front edge of the runner. 
     As was already mentioned, the hinge of the support arm must be blocked as immediately as possible as soon as the stair-climber leans dangerously forward and threatens to fall down the stairway. That means that the angle of the stair-climber must always be measured and monitored. 
     For this purpose, a heeling sensor is preferably used, in the form of a pendulum mounted on the stair-climber or on the mounting system. 
     Several variants are possible for the system for blocking the hinge. 
     According to a first variant, the braking and blocking system consists of a ratchet wheel and a ratchet. In this connection, the center of the ratchet wheel is preferably situated in the center of the axis of rotation. The ratchet is designed as a pendulum and mounted swinging around its own axis on the mounting system. As soon as the stair-climber tips forward, the ratchet engages the teeth of the ratchet wheel and blocks the hinge. Such a blocking system is mechanically simple and functionally reliable. 
     According to a variant thereof, the center of the ratchet wheel is offset relative to the axis of rotation. The ratchet is mounted swiveling around its own axis on the mounting system and is held in its home position defined by a spring between the ratchet and the mounting system. This variant of construction has the advantage that the ratchet does not have to adjust itself due to gravity, thus allowing greater freedom in construction. Also, the function corresponds to that of the first variant. 
     In both variants, the ratchet advantageously consists of a low-mass part that quickly engages the ratchet wheel due to its low mass, and a high-mass part that is responsible for maintaining the vertical direction. Both parts are drawn together by a spring that is weak enough, however, that the ratchet&#39;s rapid engaging of the ratchet wheel is not delayed. 
     In both forms of construction, the angle of the ratchet wheel relative to the support arm is advantageously adjustable. In this way, shifting of the overall center of gravity, caused by different dimensions and weights of the stair-climber, the wheelchair and the handicapped person, can be compensated. 
     An alternative form of construction for the braking and blocking system is a lockable tension bar of finite length between the support arm and the mounting system or stair-climber. 
     A shoe brake can also be used as an alternative to this. 
     A spring band belt brake is preferred, because it works very quickly and reliably and has the necessary free-wheeling function. 
     As an alternative, an electric coupling can also be used. 
     According to a further variant, the braking and blocking system is designed as a lockable cylinder piston unit. These are preferably cylinder piston units with an internal fluid circuit and a check valve—controlled by the heeling sensor—in the fluid circuit. Hydraulic oils as well as gases come into consideration as the fluid. 
     According to an advantageous further development of the invention, there is a support spring between the support arm and the mounting plate. This support spring must be designed in such a way that it is powerless when the stair-climber system is in the properly inclined position relative to the stairway. If the stair-climber leans backward toward the stairway, the spring presses it back into the normal position. If the stair-climber is tending to tilt dangerously forward, the spring pulls it back into the proper position. In both cases, the support spring thus relieves the operator in terms of strength. 
     If the support arm is equipped with a runner, the springs between the support arm and the runner as well as between the support arm and the mounting system are to be coordinated in terms of force in such a way that if the stair-climber equipment leans dangerously down the stairs, the runner recedes and thereby releases the support feet to pose themselves on the stair. 
     To relieve the operator even more and also be able to convey heavy loads quickly and, above all, safely over the stairs, a drive is provided parallel to the braking and blocking system. This can be an electric motor with a screw thread, a hydraulic cylinder or the like. In any case, the drive is controlled dependent upon the difference between the desired position and actual position of the support arm relative to the stair-climber and/or the pressure force of the support arm on the stairway. 
     To support the support arm on the stepping surface of the stairs, not only support feet are suitable but also, for example, a continuous creeper band. Support wheels that are attached to a two-or three-arm turnstile are also suitable. Constructions of the turnstile and support wheels are already used in stair-climber systems. Lastly, there is even the possibility to equip the safety device with a power-driven drive that actively supports the lift mechanism of the stair-climber and is mounted on the support arm. 
     According to a first variant thereof, the creeper band or the turnstile with the support wheels can be driven by a motor. According to a second variant, a paternoster-type lift mechanism can also be provided on the support arm. 
     The lift mechanisms on the stair-climber and on the support arm are preferably synchronized with each other. In this case, the wheelchair is conveyed up and down the stairs with only minimal vibration. The operator has essentially only a guiding function then, and no longer a holding function. Such stair-climbers can thus also be operated by persons with less strength. However, the braking and blocking system remains active in these cases as well and in case of danger, prevents the stair-climber with the wheelchair and handicapped person from tipping over the stairway. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     With the help of the drawings, the invention will be explained in more detail in the form of an example of execution. They show: 
     FIG. 1 in schematic diagram, the side view of a stair-climber with a wheelchair on a stairway, 
     FIG. 2 a view of a section of the stair-climber of FIG. 1 with a first safety device, 
     FIG. 3 in cutout form, the stair-climber of FIGS. 1 and 2 with a modified safety device, 
     FIG. 4 a section of the stair-climber of FIG. 1 with a third safety device, 
     FIG. 5 a schematic side view of a stair-climber with wheelchair and a fourth form of construction of a safety device and 
     FIG. 6 a schematic side view of a stair-climber with wheelchair and a fifth form of construction of a safety device. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1 shows in a schematic side view a stair-climber system  10  standing on a stairway  1  with a wheelchair  9  attached. The stair-climber system  10  stands with its wheels  12  on a stair. In this case, as an example, a paternoster-like mechanism  13  is illustrated as the lift mechanism for conveying the wheelchair  9  up and down the stairs. In principal, however, all types of comparable lift mechanisms as described in the introductory description are suitable. Handles  14  on an operating rod  11  enable the operator to lean the stair-climber  10 , the wheelchair  9  and the handicapped person far enough backwards that the overall center of gravity S of this combination is situated exactly above the axis of the wheels  12 , to keep the combination in this position and guide it up and down the stairs. 
     As soon as the lift mechanism  13  is activated, the wheels  12  lose contact with the stairway  1 . In this way, the center of gravity S is now situated in front of the bearing of the stair-climber  10  on the stairway  1 . The stair-climber  10 , the wheelchair  9  and the handicapped person are in danger of falling forward over the stairway  1 . The operator must prevent this by pulling on the handles  14  with appropriate forcefulness. Practical experience has unfortunately proven that this is not always possible. 
     FIG. 2 shows in a schematic, partly broken view, a safety device attached to the stair-climber system  10 . The safety device&#39;s task is to prevent the combination of the stair-climber system  10 , the wheelchair and the handicapped person from falling down the stairs if the center of gravity S shifts too far forward. 
     The safety device first of all comprises a mounting system  20  that is attached to the stair-climber climber  10 . The attachment part  22  of the mounting system  20  can be easily adapted to the respective stair-climber in such a way that the safety device can be added to all types of stair-climbers. 
     Provided on the mounting system  20  is a horizontal hinge pin  21  on which a support arm  30  is mounted freely rotating. The support arm  30  extends over very few, e.g. one or two stairs  1 . At its free end, it is equipped with numerous of non-skid support feet  31  that are mounted on a strut  39  in such a way that in case in danger, they are supported nearly vertically on the stepping surface of a stair  1 . 
     While the support arm  30  must be fully movable relative to the mounting system  20  or the stair-climber system  10  in the normal situation, in case of danger it must be immediately blocked. A braking and blocking system  40  is used for this purpose. In the present example, this consists of a ratchet wheel  32  and a ratchet  41 ,  42 . The ratchet wheel  32  is attached to the support arm  30 , in connection with which the angle between the ratchet wheel  32  and the support arm  30  can be adjusted if necessary. Bores  34  are provided for this purpose. 
     The ratchet  41 ,  42  is suspended freely hanging from the mounting system  20  around a horizontal axle  44 . As long as the stair-climber system  10  is properly inclined rearward, the ratchet wheel  32  and the ratchet  41 ,  42  are at a certain distance from each other. As soon as the stair-climber system  10  straightens up, the distance between the ratchet  41  and the ratchet wheel  32  shortens according to a sinus function until the ratchet  41  finally engages the teeth  33  of the ratchet wheel  32 . In this way, the support arm  30  is blocked and the stair-climber system  10  cannot straighten up further. If the operator leans the stair-climber system  10  properly rearward again, the ratchet  41  is released from the ratchet wheel  32  and the support arm  30  is able to move freely. 
     As FIG. 2 shows, the ratchet consists of a first, light part  41  that has the ratchet tooth, and a second, heavy part  42  that is responsible for the constant vertical position due to gravity. Both parts  41 ,  42  are connected via a light spring  43 . Due to this two-part construction, the ratchet tooth on the light ratchet part  41  can very quickly engage the ratchet wheel teeth  33 . 
     A runner  50  with U-shaped cross-section is inverted via the support arm  30  and the support feet  31 . A draw spring  52  pulls the support arm  30  into the runner  50 . The front surface  51  of the runner  50  is shaped in such a way that the support feet  31  disappear behind the front surface  51  in the normal situation. In this way, only the front surface  51  slides on the stair edges. If the front edge  51  is coated with an easily sliding material, the stair edges are protected 
     The draw spring  52  is weak enough, however, to ensure that in case of danger, the support feet  31  can brace themselves without delay—sitting largely vertically—on the stepping surface of the next stair  1 . 
     FIG. 3 shows a second form of construction of a safety device  40 ′ on the stair-climber  10 . The ratchet engaging the teeth  33  of the ratchet wheel  32  is once again in two parts  41 ′,  42 ′, that are connected by a weak spring  43 ; but in the present case only the heavy ratchet part  42 ′ is mounted suspended, while the light ratchet part  41 ′ is standing. The function of the ratchet  41 ′,  42 ′ otherwise corresponds to the function of the ratchet  41 ,  42  in FIG.  2 . 
     An additional support spring  60  is provided between the mounting system  20  and the support arm  30 . It is sized in such a way that it is powerless when the stair-climber  10  is in the properly inclined position relative to the stairway  1 . If the stair-climber  10  changes its position forward or rearward, the support spring  60  pulls or presses the stair-climber  10  back into the proper position. 
     The forces are transmitted via the support arm  30  and the runner  50  onto the respective stair. In this way, the operator is relieved of the stair-climber  10 . 
     In order not to lose the receding function of the runner  50 ,  51  in case of more pronounced, dangerous leaning of the stair-climber  10  downward, the two springs  52 ,  60  must be coordinated in terms of force. 
     FIG. 4 shows a third form of construction of a safety device on the stair-climber  10 . A lockable cylinder piston unit  48  with internal fluid circuit and an electrically controllable check valve  49  in the fluid circuit is provided as the braking and blocking system  40 ″ between the mounting system  20  and the support arm  30 . The position of the stair-climber  10  on the stairway  1  is measured by means of an electromechanical heeling sensor  70  that transmits a blocking signal to the check valve  49  when the stair-climber  10  assumes a dangerous position. 
     As a modification of the forms of construction of FIGS. 2 and 3, in the present example of construction the strut on which the support feet  31  are situated is designed in two parts. One strut part, the lower unit  39 . 1 , is rigidly attached to the support arm  30 . On the other hand, the second strut part, the upper unit  39 . 2 , is mounted able to slide and swivel relative to the support arm  30 . In a further development, a blocking system  36  is provided to block the upper unit  39 . 2  in the event the stair-climber  10  is in danger of falling over the stairway and when the braking and blocking system  40  has blocked the hinge of the support arm  30 . A combination  37  of a stud and an elongated hole in connection with a pressure spring  38  is used to effect the sliding and swiveling of the upper unit  39 . 2 . 
     Thanks to such a two-part design of the strut  39 . 1 ,  39 . 2 , the safety device is also suitable for extremely flat stairways  1 . 
     FIG. 5 shows an active safety device. For this, the support arm  30  is equipped with a motor-driven lift system  130  that corresponds to the lift mechanism  13  of the stair-climber  10 . A jockey roller  131  and a touch sensor  132  are used as control and safety switch for the lift system  130 . When the lift mechanism  13  on the stair-climber  10  is properly coordinated with the lift system  130  on the support arm  30 , the two lift mechanisms run synchronously and the wheelchair  9  with the handicapped person is conveyed up and down the stairs practically without any function-related tilting movements of the wheelchair  9 . Owing to the braking and blocking system still present, however, in this case as well the support arm  30  is immediately blocked if the stair-climber  10  straightens up dangerously and threatens to fall over the stairway  1 . It is understood that in such a case, the lift mechanisms  13 ,  130  are immediately stopped. 
     FIG. 6 shows a safety device that can be designed passive as well as active. At the free end of the support arm  30 , a three-arm turnstile  230  is attached rotating and has three support wheels  231 . The support wheels  231  are supported on the stepping surface of the stairs. If the turnstile  230  is motor-driven and the rotational speed is synchronized with the lift drive  13 , the wheelchair  9  is conveyed up and down the stairs problem-free and practically without vibrations once again. 
     In addition, as FIGS. 5 and 6 show, the support arm  30  with the attached devices and mechanisms can be swung under the wheelchair  9  if the wheelchair  9  is driven or pushed on level surfaces.