Abstract:
A cart system is provided for a coil of a dynamoelectric machine. The cart system includes one or more support rails disposed substantially horizontally, a plurality of lifting rails disposed substantially vertically, and connected at one end to the one or more support rails, and a plurality of coil clamps for applying a compressive force. The coil clamps are attached to the lifting rails in a removable manner. The coil of the dynamoelectric machine can be placed on the cart system and the coil clamps can be arranged on the lifting rails to apply a compressive force to the coil to facilitate a testing procedure.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The subject matter disclosed herein relates to a cart support system for dynamoelectric machine coils. More specifically, the subject matter disclosed herein relates to a cart support system for dynamoelectric machine coils that provides clamping means to allow testing of the coils under simulated load conditions. 
         [0002]    Dynamoelectric machines such as electrical generators conventionally include a rotor and a stator. The rotor is conventionally provided with field windings (rotor coils) that excite the generator while receiving current from an excitation source. The stator is provided with windings (or coils) from which electrical power is output. At least some known coils/windings are formed with a plurality of copper conductors that are wound to form loops. More specifically, the coils/windings are arranged in such a manner to enable a desired voltage and current characteristic to be generated during operation. 
         [0003]    Electrical insulation is wrapped around the rotor coils and stator windings to electrically isolate the coils/windings from subsequent layers. The insulation facilitates preventing arcing between the coils/windings, and also shields the conductors from foreign objects that could cause electrical shorts. However, the insulating properties of the insulation may degrade if the insulation becomes damp or is damaged (e.g., by vibration). Voltage arcs may occur from the conductors through degraded regions or wet regions of the insulation. Over time, continued operation with arcs may prematurely shorten the useful life of the generator. 
         [0004]    To facilitate extending the useful life of the generator, the rotor coils and/or stator windings may be periodically tested. Within at least some known tests, groups of stator bars are “tied together” electrically and tested as a set, while the remaining bars are electrically grounded. Rotor coils/windings may be subject to various electrical tests, such as wind copper resistance tests, polarization index tests, AC impedance tests, overpotential tests and air gap flux probe tests. Insulation is used to isolate the various layers of the windings/coils from adjacent layers. If a fault exists in this insulation, damage to the machine could occur or efficiency could be affected. The various tests previously described are performed to identify any fault conditions or defects in the windings/coils before the components are installed in a generator. If defects are discovered, the location can be identified and the problem remedied (e.g., additional insulation is installed in the area of arcing and the test is re-performed). The process may need to be repeated several times before a successful test for the component under test may be performed at the required voltage level. 
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    According to an aspect of the present invention, a system is provided for a coil of a dynamoelectric machine. The system includes one or more support rails disposed substantially horizontally, a plurality of lifting rails disposed substantially vertically, and connected at one end to the one or more support rails, and a plurality of coil clamps for applying a compressive force. The coil clamps are attached to the lifting rails in a removable manner. The coil of the dynamoelectric machine can be placed on the system and the coil clamps can be arranged on the lifting rails to apply a compressive force to the coil to facilitate a testing procedure. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0006]    These and other features of this invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed description of the various aspects of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings that depict various embodiments of the invention, in which: 
           [0007]      FIG. 1  illustrates a three-dimensional perspective view of a portion of a generator. 
           [0008]      FIG. 2  illustrates an isometric view of a support rail, according to an aspect of the present invention. 
           [0009]      FIG. 3  illustrates an isometric view of a pair of lifting rails, according to an aspect of the present invention. 
           [0010]      FIG. 4  illustrates an isometric view of an attachment point fixture, according to an aspect of the present invention. 
           [0011]      FIG. 5  illustrates a side view the attachment point fixture shown in  FIG. 4 , according to an aspect of the present invention. 
           [0012]      FIG. 6  illustrates a perspective view of a cart system combining the components shown in  FIGS. 2-5  with a coil of a dynamoelectric machine, according to an aspect of the present invention. 
           [0013]      FIG. 7  illustrates an isometric view of a coil clamp mounted on a portion of the lifting rail of  FIG. 3 , according to an aspect of the present invention. 
           [0014]      FIG. 8  illustrates a perspective view of a cart system combining the components shown in  FIGS. 2-5  and  7  with a coil of a dynamoelectric machine, according to an aspect of the present invention. 
       
    
    
       [0015]    It is noted that the drawings of the invention are not to scale. The drawings are intended to depict only typical aspects of the invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. In the drawings, like numbering represents like elements between the drawings. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0016]      FIG. 1  illustrates a three-dimensional perspective view of a portion of a generator  10 . Generator  10  may include a rotor  110  having a spindle  100  and groups of coils  120  (or windings) disposed about pole tips  130 . A stator  140  is disposed about the rotor  110 . 
         [0017]    Experience has shown a generator field (e.g., a rotor) is a component that requires maintenance. This is not surprising considering that it is operating under very high centrifugal load and thermal cycling. At some point in time during the life of the generator, a rebuild of certain components may be desired. A rebuild of the field normally focuses on re-insulation of the field or rotor winding/coil. In some cases, a complete replacement of the old field may be preferred. Reliability of the generator field is increased with a rewind, as new modern insulating material can replace the original worn out insulation and address the latest service concerns. New copper coils may have a higher cross section, reducing the current density and heating. The stator windings can be similarly upgraded or replaced. During the upgrading/rewinding process, the new or upgraded winding/coil will need to be worked on and inspected in various stages. The stator windings and rotor coils are heavy components and are difficult to move and manipulate. The present invention provides an improved cart system for transporting, testing and working on stator and/or rotor windings/coils. 
         [0018]      FIG. 2  illustrates an isometric view of a support rail  200  that can be used with the cart system according to an aspect of the present invention. The support rail  200  is a foundation element for the cart system and includes a main rail body element  210 , slotted internal support rail  220 , foot element  230 , coil bed members  240 , and optional quick release pins  250  (only one shown). The top surface of the main body element  210  can include one or more slots  215  disposed in a portion thereof. The top surface of the internal support rail  220  may also include one or more slots  225  disposed in a portion thereof. The coil bed members may be fastened to the top surface of main body element  210  by the use of any suitable fastener (e.g., screws, bolts, nuts, adhesive, etc.). The coil bed members  240  are preferably formed of a material that will not damage the windings or coils of the stator or rotor. As non-limiting examples, the coil bed members  240  could be formed of copper, wood, wood composite or a polymeric material. 
         [0019]      FIG. 3  illustrates an isometric view of a pair of lifting rails  300  that can be used in conjunction with the cart system according to aspects of the present invention. Each lifting rail  310  is comprised of an elongated member having a plurality of holes  315  formed therein. The holes form passageways that accept a pin  320 . The pin  320  can be approximately “L” or “T” shaped or have a bend therein, and is configured to be insertable within holes  315 . Typically, the pin  320  is inserted within two vertically aligned holes  315  on opposing sides of lifting rail  310 . One or more pins  320  can be utilized to support various layers of the coil or winding of a rotor. Each lifting rail  310  may have a rectangular cross-section and may include multiple sections that could be adjustable. For example, each lifting rail  310  could be formed of multiple sections or multiple telescopic sections, and this or a similar arrangement could be used to provide for an adjustable height feature for each lifting rail  310 . 
         [0020]    A pair of lifting rails  310  can be joined at the top by a lifting coupling  330  and suitable fasteners  335 . The fasteners  335  can be combinations of nuts, bolts and washers, or any other suitable fastening device. A hole  337  can be provided within lifting coupling  330  for facilitating the attachment of a lifting mechanism (e.g., a crane). In alternative arrangements, a hook, loop or any other suitable attachment point may also be employed. As one alternate example, a strap or hook may be passed under and around lifting coupling  330  and attached to a crane. Typical windings and coils are fairly heavy, so a crane or lifting device can be used to move the cart system and/or winding/coil. 
         [0021]      FIG. 4  illustrates an isometric view of an attachment point fixture  400  that can be used with the cart system according to an aspect of the present invention.  FIG. 5  illustrates a side view of the attachment point fixture  400 . The attachment point fixture  400  can be attached to internal support rail  220 , and is used to support and secure the lifting rails  310 . The attachment point fixture  400  includes support members  410 , that are sized to either fit outside of, or inside lifting rails  310 . The support members  410  are preferably welded to a first back plate  420  via weld  450 . The first back plate  420  is connected to a second back plate  425  via one or more fasteners. The fasteners may include bolt  430 , washer  432  and nut  434 . However, any suitable fastening means may be employed. The nut  434  can be welded to the second back plate via weld  436 . 
         [0022]    The attachment point fixture  400  can be attached to support rail  220  by orienting the fixture so that the first back plate  420  is above the top portion of support rail  220 , the second back plate  425  is below the top surface, and the bolts  430  pass trough slot  225 . In this manner, the attachment point fixtures  400  can be slid along slot  225  and secured at any desired location. The bolts  430  can be tightened to securely lock the fixture  400  at any of multiple locations along slot  225 . 
         [0023]      FIG. 6  illustrates a perspective view of the cart system  600 , including the elements shown in  FIGS. 2-5 , according to an aspect of the present invention. The support rails  200  are located at the bottom of the cart system  600  and function as a base support. The attachment point fixtures  400  are attached to the support rails  200  and support and secure the pairs of lifting rails  300 . The lifting rails  310  may be used individually, in pairs or in groups of three or more. A generator&#39;s rotor coil  610  is shown expanded and supported by the cart system with the use of a plurality of pins  320 . The individual layers of the coil are expanded to allow various inspections to occur. For example, the condition of the insulation around the coil may be inspected and/or tested. If defective regions of coil  610  are identified, they can be repaired. For example, a region with inadequate insulation could be repaired by restoring the region to desired specifications. The cart system  600  of the present invention, facilitates access to the coil  610 . In addition the entire cart  600  and winding  610  may be moved to various work stations by the use of cranes or wheels (not shown). A crane could be attached to the lifting member  330  or other element, and used to transport the coil/cart to the desired location or work station. The cart system could also be mounted on a mobile cart or dolly system (not shown) for transport as well. 
         [0024]      FIG. 7  illustrates a perspective view of a coil clamp  700  that can be used with the cart system according to aspects of the present invention. The coil clamp  700  includes a mounting bracket  710  configured to attach to lifting rail  310 . A pin  715  or any suitable fastener can be used to attach the bracket  710  to various positions along the lifting rail  310 . The bracket  710  supports a force application member  720 , which can include an internal spring  730 . An adjustment element  740  is connected to the bracket  710  and force application member  720 /spring  730 , and may comprise a bolt or threaded shaft. As the adjustment element is rotated, the force application member  730  can be moved up or down in the vertical direction. A force display element  750  can be incorporated to display the amount of force being applied by the clamp  700 . For example, a GO—NO GO gauge could be used to indicate between desired ranges and undesired ranges of force. 
         [0025]      FIG. 8  illustrates a perspective view of the cart system  600 , including the elements shown in  FIGS. 2-5  and  7 , according to an aspect of the present invention. One test for coil  610  that may desired is an electrical test under load. In the past, many tubes would be laid across the top of the coil and a press machine would press down on the tubes. Usually, the amount of force was inconsistent and difficult to measure. The coil clamps  700  facilitate the application and determination of the proper amount of compressive force applied to coil  610  during compressive or “simulation under load” type tests. 
         [0026]    In  FIG. 8 , a coil  610  is shown in its collapsed state (i.e., the individual turn layers are touching each other). The bottom turn layer can rest upon the coil bed members  240  or on pins  320 . The coil clamps  700  can be attached to one or more lifting rails  310 , so that the bottom of the force application member  720  is near the top turn layer of coil  610 . To apply compressive force (e.g., to simulate a coil under load), the adjustment element  740  is rotated to lower the force application block  720  to contact the coil  610 . The adjustment element  740  can continue to be rotated to apply greater levels of compressive force. The gauge  750  will indicate when a desired range of force has been applied. Once all the coil clamps are at the desired pressure or force, the chosen tests can be performed. 
         [0027]    The present invention provides a cart system that greatly facilitates the containment, transport, manipulation and testing of stator or rotor windings and coils. The coil clamps enable an operator to easily apply the correct force and monitor this force during a variety of testing procedures. 
         [0028]    This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.