Abstract:
A bullet-resistant defensive device is disclosed made up of layers of bullet resistant material layered together and connected along their peripheral edge on a frame to form a planar shield. The shield so formed works such that a bullet striking the shield causes the layered bullet resistant material to flex thereby dissipating the force of the bullet, the material when it stretches transfers the force of the bullet from a shear mode to a tensile mode. One preferred embodiment incorporates the invention into a clipboard box for use by police officers for protecting against head, neck and hand wounds from handguns fired at close range from vehicles. The hand-held, bullet resistant clipboard box holds documents and writing implements, and the bullet-resistant material is located within the clipboard box interior cavity and configured for catching a fired bullet before it can pass through the entire clipboard.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/601,988, filed Nov. 20, 2006, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/861,965, Filed Jun. 4, 2004, entitled “Bullet-Resistant Hand-Held Defensive Object”, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisioned Application No. 60/482,434; filed on Jun. 24, 2003 and having the same title as this Application, the entire contents of which is expressly incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to a bullet-resistant hand-held defensive object, such as a head and neck shield, that may be used by law enforcement personnel to protect portions of the body, such as the head and neck, against injury from being shot at close range, as may occur when a police officer approaches a stopped vehicle. 
         [0004]    The present invention pertains more specifically to a bullet resistant clipboard box or some similar portable shield like object containing a bullet-resistant material, for example, a plurality of layers of KEVLAR, to protect against injury to parts of the body not otherwise normally protected by other defensive devices, such as bullet-proof vests and the like. 
         [0005]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0006]    It is well known that the use of handguns in the commission of violent crimes in American society has increased significantly over the last several decades. No one is more acutely aware of this increase in violent crime by the use of handguns than police and other law enforcement agency personnel. As a result, it has become increasingly common for such personnel to wear bulletproof vests and other such defensive gear, even during the performance of ordinary duties, including, for example, when approaching a vehicle after a traffic stop for a violation of the vehicle code. Unfortunately, under the law in many states, the police officer approaching an occupied vehicle during a traffic investigator is not permitted to approach the vehicle with his handgun drawn unless he or she has probable cause to believe that he or she is in danger of being attacked. Most often, it is not immediately apparent to the officer approaching such a vehicle that his or her safety is in any way in danger. Most such stops occur after an officer witnesses a violation of a vehicle code which is typically is a violation, a category of offers that is less than a minor misdemeanor. Additionally, the vast majority of traffic offenses are committed by generally law-abiding citizens; thus, for the vast majority of traffic stops the officer has nothing to fear. Consequently, in many cases where the driver or other occupant or a vehicle pulls a gun and fires at the approaching officer or officer positioned adjacent the driver&#39;s open window, the officer is caught totally by surprise and unaware that such an event will occur. More importantly, even in those cases where an officer approaching a vehicle may be wearing a bullet-proof vest, his entire head and neck as well as various upper body extremities may be exposed. Certainly, at short range, an officer&#39;s upper body parts are prime targets for a driver or other vehicle occupant whose principal goal is to mortally wound an officer, leaving the officer lying in the road and pulling away from the scene. 
         [0007]    It can, therefore, be seen that there is a need to provide a defensive object which can be held or worn by an officer approaching the vehicle and which is configured to protect the officer&#39;s head, face, neck and hands in particular to prevent a mortal wound that might otherwise occur, particularly at such short range and as a result of the violent impact of a bullet with any of such critical body surfaces. Of course, any such defensive device must be practical for use by officers in the normal course of their activities. Otherwise they will not be used and thus irrespective of their effectiveness, will not serve to reduce this problem because officers will simply refuse to use them. 
         [0008]    By way of example, some obvious requirements are that such a defensive device be easy to carry, that it be light in weight, that it not interfere with the ordinary activities of the officer, that it not be unduly uncomfortable for the officer to hold or wear, that it not interfere with the officer&#39;s ability to observe his surroundings and particularly the person to whom he is speaking after approaching a vehicle, and that it not be considered unduly overprotective and thus embarrassing to the officer or otherwise demeaning of the officer&#39;s sense of confidence and authority. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    The present invention solves the aforementioned ongoing need by providing a head, neck and hand shield in the form of a bullet-resistant hand-held defensive object that serves several functions. 
         [0010]    One such function is completely oriented to the conventional needs of the police officer, namely having a convenient writing surface and storage container that is sufficiently lightweight to be used on a portable basis, adjacent the vehicle that he or she has stopped. Another such function is to provide a bullet-resistant device which is readily placed between the officer&#39;s vulnerable body parts, such as his head, race, neck and hands, and the driver or other occupant of the vehicle who may point a weapon at the officer in a threatening manner. 
         [0011]    Still another such function is to provide a bullet-resistant protective box containing a transmitting device having a pre-established recorded message, such as “officer down”, “officer needs help”, or another form of emergency distress message to the officer&#39;s headquarters. 
         [0012]    In one of the embodiments disclosed herein, this device comprises what may be called a “clipboard box”, also referred to as a “storage clipboard” and which is already in use in various forms and made of various materials for storing of papers, pencils and the like and for providing a flat, hard writing surface upon which a clip holds one or more sheets of paper in a secure manner. 
         [0013]    In the variation of the present invention mentioned above the clipboard box or storage clipboard housing, further comprises an internal and/or external bullet-resistant material, such as a bullet-resistant shell and/or a large number of separate layers of ARAMID fiber fabric, such as KEVLAR. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprising a composite layered structure, such layers are installed in the clipboard box and are configured in a manner for effectively absorbing the energy of a fired bullet and also capturing a high speed bullet, in a manner similar to the way in which a catcher&#39;s glove catches a high speed baseball. 
         [0014]    More specifically, in the present invention, a number of separate layers of KEVLAR, or comparable ballistic material, are stitched together and are adhesively secured at their edges. Then the side layers of the composite layered structure are attached to the lower interior side surfaces of the clipboard box cavity. 
         [0015]    The strength advantage of KEVLAR fabric in tension when compared to its shear strength can be readily observed in that KEVLAR shear strength is 14,521 psi., while KEVLAR tensile strength is 424,000 psi. The fabric orientation mode change is accomplished by permitting the fabric to stretch into the ½″-1″ air gap created between the composite fiber structure and the upper surface of the box inner cavity. As the fabric is stretched by the bullet, the fibers give and are changed from a 14,521 psi shear mode to a 424,000 psi tensile mode condition, thereby increasing the bullet penetration resistance by a factor of 29.2 to 1. 
         [0016]    Attachment to the box cavity upper sidewalls of the fabric layers along only the edges thereof permits the various material layers to move or slide relative to one another and be displaced into the interior vacant space of the clipboard box cavity to most efficiently absorb the energy of the bullet over time. Furthermore, the attachment of the composite layered fabric structure to the sidewall lower box interior surface creates a ½″ to 1″ air space between the upper surface of the composite layered fabric structure and the upper interior surface of the box inner cavity. Consequently, the bullet will not pass through the bullet-resistant clipboard box and will have its energy reduced and dissipated so significantly that the bullet cannot cause a serious wound to the police officer, nor cause damage to internal devices contained within the protective box. The KEVLAR fabric fibers are stretched by the bullet striking the fabric, thus placing the fibers in a tensile stretch mode, as opposed to the standard shear strength mode as indicated in prior art patents. 
         [0017]    In a variation clipboard box, there are provided one or more devices selected from the group of devices comprising an emergency transmitter, a mini-video camera, a pressurized container of chemical agent, a light source and a TASER. The chemical agent may include tear gas, MACE, pepper spray or a chemical dye for discoloring the body and clothing of a suspect for subsequent identification purposes, and may include mixtures of two or more of such agents where available. The light source may include one or both of an illuminating light and a high intensity light for causing temporary blindness and/or disorientation of a suspect. In another variation, the bullet-resistant clipboard box is constructed with side edge recesses into which a user&#39;s fingers can be inserted for gripping the box and protecting the user&#39;s hands. 
         [0018]    In another variation of the invention it is incorporated into a serving tray used by a flight attendant or similarly situated person. Tray has a hollow interior similar to that of the clipboard and the layered material is incorporated into the hollow interior in the same fashion as it is incorporated into the clipboard. 
         [0019]    It is therefore a principal object of the present invention to provide a head, neck and hand shield in the form of a hand-held defensive object formed of and/or containing a bullet-resistant material, such as for use by police officers and other law enforcement personnel in protecting certain body parts against mortal injury from even close range firearms, and for signaling for assistance. 
         [0020]    An additional object of the present invention is to provide a head and neck shield in the form of a combined clipboard box and bullet-resistant material so that the critical target areas of a police officer approaching a vehicle for a traffic violation can be protected, using an otherwise conventional object that also serves a non-defensive function and which is immediately at hand to signal for assistance in an emergency situation. 
         [0021]    It is still an additional object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for protecting the head, neck and hands of a law enforcement official, which regions are not otherwise protected against wounds, despite the presence of a bulletproof vest on the official, the shield of the present invention providing a combined conventional object and bulletproof material, the latter comprising a bullet-resistant exterior or box material and/or plurality of layers of bullet-resistant material located in the interior of the box. 
         [0022]    Another object of the present invention is to provide capability for countering violent actions of a suspect and/or provide for subsequent identification of the suspect with devices protected internally within the bullet resistant box. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0023]    The aforementioned objects and advantages of the present invention, as well as additional objects and advantages thereof will be more fully understood hereinafter as a result of a detailed description of a preferred embodiment when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
           [0024]      FIG. 1  illustrates a scenario in which a police officer has approached a driver of a stopped vehicle and has deployed the clipboard box of the present invention for defensive purposes; 
           [0025]      FIG. 2  is a perspective drawing showing the manner in which the clipboard box  FIG. 1  is implemented; 
           [0026]      FIG. 3  is a perspective drawing of the clipboard box of  FIG. 2 , showing the box in its opened configuration and showing bullet-resistant material positioned therein; 
           [0027]      FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view taken along line  4 - 4  of  FIG. 3 , showing the interior of the clipboard box; 
           [0028]      FIG. 5  is an elevational view of the bullet-resistant material used in the present invention, taken along a direction illustrated in  FIG. 4  by the arrow labeled  5 ; 
           [0029]      FIG. 6  is a partial cross-sectioned view of clipboard box of  FIGS. 1 and 2 , depicting the instant a bullet has partially penetrated the back surface of the clipboard box; 
           [0030]      FIG. 7  is a view similar to that of  FIG. 6 , but showing the configuration of the clipboard box after the bullet has ceased traveling through the box and the bullet is prevented from penetrating the bullet-resistant material; 
           [0031]      FIG. 8  is a chart depicting the relative difference between KEVLAR (Dupont) shear breaking strength and tensile breaking strength; 
           [0032]      FIG. 9   a  is a graph of the prior art “constrained” armor condition of peak force (F 1 ) vs. time (t 1 ); 
           [0033]      FIG. 9   b  is a graph of the present invention, limited/unconstrained armor condition of peak force (F 2 ) vs. time (t 2 ); 
           [0034]      FIG. 10  is a perspective drawing of a variation clipboard box showing a front side thereof; 
           [0035]      FIG. 11  is a transverse cross-sectional view taken along line  11 - 11  of  FIG. 10 , showing installation in upper regions of the variation clipboard box of a miniature video camera with video and audio transmission capabilities and showing a pressurized container containing a chemical agent such as tear gas, Mace, pepper spray, or a suspect-identification dye; 
           [0036]      FIG. 12  is an electrical schematic drawing showing one way in which a pressurized container of a chemical agent may be electrically actuated; 
           [0037]      FIGS. 13   a ,  13   b , and  13   c  are transverse cross-sectional views taken along line  13 - 13  of  FIG. 10  showing an auxiliary portion of the variation clipboard box of  FIG. 10 :  FIG. 13   a  showing the installation a first flashlight of normal illuminating power and a second flashlight of temporarily-blinding high intensity light;  FIG. 13   b  showing the alternative installation of a debilitating TASER gun; and  FIG. 13   c  showing the alternative installation of an emergency transmission device for transmitting to the user&#39;s headquarters a preestablished emergency message; 
           [0038]      FIG. 14  is a rear elevational drawing of the variation clipboard box of  FIG. 10  showing hand-hold straps attached to a back surface of the box; 
           [0039]      FIG. 15  is a vertical cross sectional view taken along line  15 - 15  of  FIG. 14  showing the manner in which the hand straps are attached to the clipboard box and showing a metal protector for the users hands gripping the straps; 
           [0040]      FIG. 16  is a perspective drawing of a second variation bullet-resistant clipboard box showing side edge recesses or hand-holds for enabling a user to hold the clipboard box in an emergency situation; 
           [0041]      FIG. 17  is a transverse cross sectional drawing taken along line  17 - 17  of  FIG. 16  showing construction of the bullet-resistant box and showing details of the side edge hand holds; 
           [0042]      FIG. 18  is a side view of another variation of clipboard that incorporates the present invention; 
           [0043]      FIG. 19  is a view of the front of the clipboard of  FIG. 18 ; 
           [0044]      FIG. 20  is a view of an end portion of another embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0045]      FIG. 21  is a view of one portion of the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 20 ; 
           [0046]      FIG. 22  is a view of a detachable connecting mechanism; 
           [0047]      FIG. 23  is a front raised view of one of the basic structures of the present invention; 
           [0048]      FIG. 24  is a perspective view of the embodiment of  FIG. 23 ; 
           [0049]      FIG. 25  is a review of another embodiment of the present invention; and 
           [0050]      FIG. 26  is a view of the embodiment in  FIG. 26  along line XXVI-XXVI of  FIG. 25 . 
       
    
    
       [0051]    In the various FIGS. in a number of instances identical elements and features are given the same reference numbers; in  FIGS. 10-15  elements and 30 features similar to those shown in  FIGS. 1-7  are given the same reference numbers followed by an “a” and in  FIGS. 16 and 17  elements and features similar to those shown in  FIGS. 1-7  are given the same reference numbers followed by a “b”. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0052]    Referring now to the accompanying figures, it will be seen that a typical scenario where the present invention may be advantageously employed is illustrated in  FIG. 1 . As shown therein, a law enforcement officer  2  has approached the driver (or other occupant)  4  of a stopped vehicle  6 , such as for the purpose of issuing a summons to appear before a magistrate or other judicial officer, due to an alleged traffic violation. Officer  2  may be wearing a bulletproof vest, although the present invention may be utilized even if no such vest is being worn. Unexpectedly, the driver  4  deploys a firearm  8  (for example, a handgun) pointed in the direction of the officer and specifically at the officer&#39;s upper body region and especially his neck or head. 
         [0053]    At this point, officer  2 , who is carrying a head and neck shield in the form of a protective shield  10 , configured in accordance with the present invention, places that shield in front of his face so that it is interposed between the likely path of the bullet fired by the firearm  8  and the critical target areas of his face, neck and head. In so doing, officer  2  prevents grave and potentially critical injury to his more vulnerable upper body region from the bullet fired by driver  4 . 
         [0054]    In addition, shield  10  gives officer  2  the opportunity to back away from vehicle  6  where he has the ability to secure protection against further firing of firearm  8  and to deploy his own weapon to overcome and arrest driver  4 . 
         [0055]    Referring now to  FIGS. 2 and 3  in particular, it will be seen that the head and neck shield  10  comprises a clipboard box  12  having a front portion or panel  14  including an exterior planar writing surface  19  and a back portion or panel  16 . 
         [0056]    Clipboard box  12  can be any one of a variety of devices which provide an interior compartment for storage, as well as an exterior flat surface for writing purposes, and a clip device  18  shown in  FIG. 2 . The present invention may, by way of example with no limitations being intended or implied, be constructed from a Rubbermaid model 1076-45 storage clipboard. Although that particular Rubbermaid model clipboard box may be used, it is preferable to substitute a shatterproof material, such as Dupont Hi-Trel resin material or polycarbonate which is more resistant to shattering in response to the impact of a bullet than is the plastic material currently employed in the aforementioned Rubbermaid storage clipboard. 
         [0057]    As seen in  FIG. 3 , clipboard box  12  is provided with a bullet-resistant material  20  adhesively connected by an adhesive bead  22  along its edge within the interior of the box cavity  9  and more particularly against the lower interior surface  13  of back portion  16 . Box cavity  9  is defined by an upper interior surface  11 , lower interior surface  13 , and the connecting sidewalls  17 . The edges of the bullet resistant material can be connected in a variety of other ways including a pressure fit. In one variation a ledge could stick out from the interior surface of the enclosure and hold the edges of the material. In another variation the edges of the material could be force fitted into a grove within the interior edge. 
         [0058]    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, bullet-resistant material  20  comprises a plurality of distinct layers of commercial grade KEVLAR, such as at least twenty separate plies of grade 710-29 KEVLAR, preferably stitched together by suitable KEVLAR thread in the manner shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , as will be discussed hereinafter. 
         [0059]    As seen in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , in the preferred embodiment of the invention shown herein, various plies or layers  25  of KEVLAR fabric are stitched together in approximately 1-inch squares by thread  24 . An important aspect of the present invention is that layers  25  of KEVLAR bulletproof material  20 , not be overly secured to one another. 
         [0060]    More specifically, it has been found advantageous by the present inventor to permit layers  25  of material  20  to be somewhat independent of one another in movement induced by the force (F) of an impacting bullet  26 , whereby the bullet-resistant material layers are distorted in a manner with respect to time (t) which more slowly and efficiently dissipates the kinetic energy (KE) of the bullet. For this purpose, it is also important that the material  20  not be secured to lower interior surface  13  of bottom portion  16  along the entire engaging surface thereof, but only along the edge thereof, by a heat-activated adhesive  22 . In fact, it has been found advantageous to permit the fabric to respond to the impact force of bullet  26  by the fabric moving away from the interior surface  13  of the back portion  16  in a manner which can best be understood by reference to  FIGS. 6 and 7 . 
         [0061]    As shown in  FIG. 6 , when bullet  26  impacts the head and neck shield  10  and makes an aperture, into box hollow interior cavity  9 , such as back portion hole  28 , layers  25  of material  20 , despite being sewn together by the KEVLAR thread  24 , begin to displace and stretch distort material portion  32  immediately in front of the bullet into box interior force dissipation space  15 . 
         [0062]    As seen in  FIG. 7 , this stretching distortion and relative movement of layers  25  of bullet-resistant material  20  continues as bullet  26  traverses the interior gap expanse (force dissipation space)  15  of clipboard box  12 . Material  20  forms a displaced and distorted configuration  32  immediately in front of bullet  26  and thus severely limits and impedes the bullet&#39;s travel so that it does not leave clipboard box  12  and does not penetrate the KEVLAR layers  25 . Nevertheless, a front portion hole  30  may be formed by the impact of the combination of bullet-resistant material  20  and bullet  26 . 
         [0063]    As shown in  FIG. 8 , the fabric layers by being secured to the lower interior surfaces of the box cavity only along the edges of said layers and the box cavity have sufficient cavity interior depth to provide for a force dissipation space defined between the upper layer of said bullet-resistant fabric and the box cavity upper interior surface, thereby allowing the fabric fibers to elongate from their shear 14,521 psi max. mode into their tensile 424,000 psi max. mode condition for dissipating kinetic energy over distance space and time when the box is struck by a fired bullet. 
         [0064]    In the prior art as shown in  FIG. 9   a , bullet penetration of a constrained ARAMID fiber fabric exhibits a bullet force (F 1 ) vs. time (t 1 ) curve where the kinetic energy (KE) is equal to A 1 , the area under the F 1  vs. t 1  curve which is equal to, and thus the same as, the area A 2  as shown in  FIG. 9   b.    
         [0065]    The important and distinctive difference between  FIG. 9   a  and  FIG. 9   b , is that the peak force (F 1 ) in  FIG. 9   a  is a relatively high peak force which may exceed the shear/tensile strength of the ARA MID fabric, while the lower force (F 2 ) in  FIG. 9   b  is a time attenuated peak force, and thus in most cases substantially less than the breaking shear/tensile force of the ARAMID fabric. 
         [0066]    The box force dissipation space  15  provided behind the bullet-resistant material as shown in  FIG. 7 , allows the material to distort and respectively move with the bullet  26  through the force dissipation space  15 . This air space absorbing provision is unique over the prior art in that this time absorbing space allows the fabric material to effectively absorb and help defeat the forceful (F 2 ) penetration of the bullet  26  in that manner as shown in  FIG. 9   b.    
         [0067]    As the ARAMID fabric armor layer moves through the force dissipation space  15 , the bullet&#39;s kinetic energy is dissipated over a longer time base than if the fabric were restrained, thus more effectively stopping the bullet  26 . 
         [0068]    Bullet  26  energy dissipated over a short time base generates high peak force (F 1 ) vectors, while energy dissipated over a longer time base generates lower peak force (F 2 ) vectors even though the total kinetic energy (KE) under the  FIG. 9   a  and  FIG. 9   b  (F) vs. (t) curves are the same. By providing the force dissipation space behind the armor, and allowing the armor to move through this force dissipation space  15  when the bullet  26  is pushing against the armor, decelerates the bullet over space and time thereby lowering the peak force (F 2 ). 
         [0069]    It is thus evident that the force dissipation space allows the peak force (F 2 ) to be lower, so that more strands of the armor are protected from the critical shear force (14,521 psi) mode that tends to break the fibers. 
         [0070]    The force dissipation space  15  allows the armor to distort in such a manner that the fibers form a pocket around the bullet to place the fibers in a tensile strength (424,000 psi) mode, and thus in their strongest orientation position. A bullet stretching the pocket tends to elongate the fibers in an area where they are the strongest. Traditional armor methods place the fibers at a right angle to the bullet  26  when the bullet force (F 1 ) hits the strands of armor on their side and in shear. The force dissipation space  15  permits more of the armor strands to be placed in tension (high strength) rather than shear (low strength), thereby increasing the bullet penetration resisting capability by as much as the ratio of 424,000 psi:14,521 psi or 29.2:1. 
         [0071]    Thus, the combination of the force dissipation space  15 , the freedom of the armor to move in that space  15 , the layers  25  and adhesive attachment tend to allow the fabric to distort with freedom and give within the disclosed system, creating more effective energy dissipation over the prior art. 
         [0072]    In practice, it has been found advantageous by the present-inventor to employ a box  12  which is at least ten inches in length and at least six inches in width and which has a maximum depth of less than four inches. The preferred clipboard box  12  shown herein is about thirteen inches in length, about ten inches in width and has a maximum depth of about three inches. 
         [0073]    It is preferable to limit the depth to something easily accommodated by a police officer&#39;s hands and to provide sufficient length and width to shield at least the head and neck of the officer. Bullet-resistant material  20  should therefore occupy at least one-half and most preferably most of the surface area of writing surface or exterior surface  21  of front portion  14 . 
         [0074]    In the preferred embodiment, the construction of bullet-resistant material  20  is as follows:
       a) KEVLAR ARAMID S710 using 1500 Denier (gm/9000 m) fibers.   b) Each fiber has 1000 individual filaments.   c) The woven fabric is Plain Weave, 24 fibers per inch in both the X and Y (i.e., the warp and woof weaving) directions.   d) 22 plies of this fabric are stitched together using a 1.25 inch “box stitch” pattern having four stitches per inch.   e) Dupont manufactures the fiber, other fabricators, such as Second Chance, weave the fibers into fabric sheets, cut them to size and stitch multiple plies of the fabric sheets together.       
 
         [0080]    Thus it will be understood that the present invention comprises a clipboard box  12  uniquely configured to serve also as a hand-held bullet-resistant shield  10 , which may be employed by police officers and the like to protect parts of the body not otherwise protected, such as by bullet-proof vest or the like. 
       First Variation of FIGS. 10-15: 
       [0081]    There is shown in  FIGS. 10-15  a variation defensive shield  10   a  principally for use by law enforcement personnel. This variation defensive shield  10   a , which corresponds generally to above-described shield  10 , comprises a variation clipboard box  12   a  which except as specifically described below, is identical with above-described clipboard box  12 . 
         [0082]    As will become apparent from the following description, clipboard box  12   a  differs from clipboard box  12  in that clipboard box  12   a  includes various devices which provide for defense of the user and for enabling identification of the individual against whom the user is defending himself or herself. 
         [0083]    As shown in  FIG. 11 , there is installed in front portion  14   a  of clipboard box  12   a . in upper regions thereof, a mini-video camera  40  and a pressurized container  42  containing a chemical agent, such as tear gas, MACE, pepper spray or a liquid dye for discoloring a suspects body and clothes for subsequent identification purposes. Where available, container  42  may contain a mixture of two or more chemical agents of the type mentioned. 
         [0084]    A battery  44  is provided in front portion  14   a  adjacent video camera  40  and pressurized container  42  and is electrically connected for the actuation thereof by a user of clipboard box  12   a  (as described in  FIG. 10  for the pressurized container). 
         [0085]    A steel plate  46  is installed over video camera  40  and pressurized container  42  to provide protection for such devices since they are not protected by the above-described bullet-resistant material  20 . 
         [0086]    As further shown in  FIG. 11 , a lens portion  50  of video camera  40  is aligned with an aperture  52  in protective plate  46  and a corresponding aperture  54  in box front portion  14   a.    
         [0087]    As also shown in  FIG. 11 , video camera  40  includes a transmitting antenna  56  which, when the video camera is operating, transmits the received image (in digitized format) to a remote recording device  58  (shown in dashed lines) which may, for example, be located in the user&#39;s patrol vehicle. 
         [0088]    In a like manner, pressurized container  42  has a dispensing nozzle  60  that is aligned with an aperture  62  in plate  46  and a corresponding aperture  64  in box front portion  14   a.    
         [0089]    A small electrical or electronic control box  66  is mounted in front portion  14   a  adjacent battery  44  to enable controlling of video camera  40  and pressurized container  42  through respective electrical conduits  68  and  70 . Push-button switches  72  and  74  extend through respective apertures  76  and  78  in box back portion  16   a  for operation of video camera  40  and pressurized container  42 , respectively. A hinged push-button cover  80  is mounted on box back portion  16   a  over pushbuttons switches  72  and  74  to prevent their unintentional operation. 
         [0090]      FIG. 12  depicts one manner in which pressurized container  5   42  is operated by battery  44  to spray contents of the container toward a threatening individual  4  ( FIG. 1 ). Battery  44  is electrically connected, by conduit  70 , to a solenoid  82  which is actuated by the closing of push-button switch  74 . When so actuated, solenoid  82  causes the depressing of an actuating switch  84  on container  42 . 
         [0091]    There is illustrated in  FIGS. 13   a ,  13   b , and  13   c  other possible defensive devices that may be used in conjunction with clipboard box  12   a , and which are installed in a portion  90  at the top of the box. As shown in  FIG. 13   a , there is installed in portion  90  first and second lights  92  and  94  which are powered by a common battery  96 . 
         [0092]    First light  92  preferably comprises a conventional flashlight bulb  95  which is aligned with an aperture  98  in portion  90  and which provided “normal” illumination, for example, of driver  4  ( FIG. 1 ) when actuated by switch  100 . 
         [0093]    Second light preferably includes a high intensity bulb and reflector assembly  102  and provides a burst of high intensity light which is intended to temporarily blind and/or disorient driver  4  when activated by switch  104 . Lights  92  and  94  are connected to battery by conduits  106  and  108  respectively and are conventionally operated by switches  100  and  104  respectively. 
         [0094]    As an alternative to the installation of lights  92  and  94  in box portion  90 , there may be installed a TASER  110  ( FIG. 13B ). As is well known, a TASER (like TASER  110 ) is operative for firing a pair of darts, which are connected to the TASER body by thin electrical wires. The darts penetrate an individual&#39;s clothing or skin and incapacitate the individual by the high voltage provided to the darts by the connecting wires. TASER  110  may be fired by operation of a switch  112 . 
         [0095]    As another alternative depicted in  FIG. 13C , a miniature voice transmitter  120  is installed in clipboard portion  90  for providing preestablished, prerecorded emergency message from the individual carrying clipboard box  12   a . An emergency message, such as “officer needs help” or “Officer down,” may be prerecorded in transmitter and may be sent to the user&#39;s headquarters or to a designated receiver by the user by pressing a button  122  or by the force generated by bullet penetration. A battery  124  is provided in portion for operating transmitter  120  and transmitter  120  is provided with a hidden antenna  126 . 
         [0096]    As seen from  FIG. 1 , hands of officer  2  are exposed when holding onto edges of clipboard box  12 . In such case, the officer&#39;s hands may be seriously injured by a shot or shots fired by driver  4 , particularly when officer  2  is holding the clipboard box in a defensive position to protect his head and neck, as shown in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0097]    As shown in  FIG. 14  to provide protection for the user&#39;s hands, clipboard box  12   a  is provided with a laterally spaced-apart first and second hand straps or brackets  130  and  132  which are attached by rivets  134  to a rear surface  136  of back portion  16   a.    
         [0098]    Hands holding clipboard box  12   a  by straps  130  and  132  with forward writing surface  15  facing driver  4  are protected by ballistic material  20  retained in back portion  16   a . However, additional protection of the user&#39;s hands is provided by a steel back-up plate  140  that is installed by rivets  134  inside of back portion in front of straps  130  and  132 . 
       Second Variation of FIGS. 16 and 17: 
       [0099]    There is shown in  FIGS. 16 and 17  a second variation protective shield  10   b , which is similar to above-described shields  10  and  10   a  associated with  FIGS. 1-13 . Making up shield  10   b  is a clipboard box  12   b  having a back  16   b  which may be constructed of a layer  150  bullet-resistant material such as is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,880 as “Spectra Shield”, a trademarked material available from Allied Chemical Company. Layer  150  may, for example, be between about ¼ and ½ inch in thickness and may be used in combination with a plurality of KEVLAR bullet-resistant material  20  ( FIG. 15 ). 
         [0100]    As shown in  FIGS. 16 and 17 , left and right hand hold recesses  152  and  154 , respectively are formed in respective side edges  156  and  158  of clipboard box  12   b  to enable the box to be gripped in a manner providing the protection of bullet-resistant layer  150  (and KEVLAR material  20 , if used) for the user&#39;s hands from a bullet  26  traveling in the direction of Arrow “B” toward layer  150  of box  12   b.    
         [0101]    With respect to above-described shields  10 ,  10   a  and  10   b  which make up respective clipboard boxes  12 ,  12   a  and  12   b , it is to be understood that any particular shield and clipboard box provided for use by peace officers may advantageously combine features of two or all of the clipboard boxes. That is, for example, one or more of video camera  40 , pressurized chemical agent container  42 , lights  92  and  94 , TASER  110  and transmitter  120  described relative to shield  10   a  and clipboard box  12   a  may advantageously be installed in clipboard boxes  12  or  12   b , and that not necessarily are such devices are installed in any of boxes  12 ,  12   a  or  12   b.    
         [0102]    Furthermore, the type of hand recesses  152  and  154  described above relative to clipboard box  12   b  may also be used in clipboard boxes  12  or  12   a.    
         [0103]    Thus the two variations described above are not necessarily meant to constitute different clipboard boxes per se, but to illustrate what features any particular clipboard box of the present invention may be constructed to have. 
       Another Variation of the Clipboard 
       [0104]    As noted above the clipboard can be configured in a number of different ways. Another variation of the clipboard  131  could be a two part or bifurcated  133  and  134  clipboard,  FIGS. 18 and 19 .  FIG. 18  is a side view of clipboard  131  that shows the two parts  133  and  134  of the clipboard.  FIG. 19  is a view of the front of the clipboard with the front section  133  visible. Also, visible are handholds  137 A and  137 B on the front of the board. As can be seen the handholds are recessed to thereby protect the hands of the officer holding the board with the officers placed into cavity  173 . 
         [0105]    As discussed and depicted above and below the sheets of bullet resistant material are held within the board in a planar orientation that is parallel to front surface  133  of clipboard  131  depicted in  FIG. 19  and perpendicular to plan of the drawings sheet of  FIG. 18 . As noted elsewhere herein the multiple sheets of bullet resistant material are held at their edges that are at or near the interior edges of clipboard in section  134  and sufficient distance from the surface  133  to allow the bullet resistant material to flex and catch the bullet that might impact surface  134  of clipboard  131 . 
         [0106]    The two sections of the clipboard would be hinged at one end of the board with a clip at the opposite end for connecting the two sections in detachable fashion.  FIG. 20  provides a partial side view of a hinging mechanism  139  that could be used to connect two parts  141  and  142  of a bifurcated or two-part clipboard  143 . The mechanism consists of inter-digital projections  145  that project out of the end of the clipboard  143 ,  FIG. 21 . As depicted in a side view in  FIG. 20  they end in disk shaped members  147 . They are on both adjacent edges of side  141  and  142 . They interleave between each other and are connected by a shaft  149  that passes through holes in the center of the disks. 
         [0107]      FIG. 22  provides a view of the clipping mechanism  151  and  152  that might be at the opposite adjacent edges of side or lid  141  and case  142  of clipboard  131 . Any number of other different types of secure but detachable clipping mechanisms can be used. For instance another mechanism, not shown could be a Velcro™ strap type of mechanism, not shown. 
       Other Embodiments of Invention 
       [0108]    One of the keys to the present invention is providing a barrier made up of multiple flexible sheet of bullets resistant material. The barrier of multiple flexible sheets  161  is held in a typically planar configuration  131 ,  FIGS. 23 and 24 , are held in place by a frame  163 . This lets the sheets of bullet resistant material  161  flex when impacted by a bullet. The edges  165  can be connected to frame  163  in any number of ways. They can fit into a clamping grove on frame  163 , mated groves on a two part frame that sandwiches the edges between them or be glued to the frame with appropriate glue as discussed above. The important aspect of the connection at the edge is that it be permanent and capable of withstanding the substantial force that will be exerted on the connection to the frame when a bullet impacts the bullet resistant material and flexes the multiple sheets  161 . 
         [0109]    The general concept discussed above has many applications beyond use in a clipboard. One variation that uses it in a tray  171  is depicted in  FIGS. 25 and 26 .  FIG. 25  is a top view of tray  171  and  FIG. 26  is an end view along line  26 . Tray  171  has recessed handholds  173  at its top. Recessed hand holds  173  protect the hands of the person holding tray  171 . Tray  171  would have a hollow interior, not shown that would have a multiple sheets of flexible bullet proof material as depicted in  FIGS. 23 and 24  stretched across the interior in a plane parallel to the top surface  175  of tray  171  and a sufficient distance from top surface  175  to allow the bullet proof or resistant material to flex and catch a bullet that might impact the front, of tray  171 . 
         [0110]    The concept of the sheet of multiple layers of a bullet proof or resistant material can be employed in any number of situations where there are available hollow spaces. Inside the paneling of vehicles, such as the doors, roof or trunk are examples. They could also be incorporated into seat backs in vehicles. The sheet of multiple layers of a bullet proof or resistant material can be employed in the bottom of a helicopter to protect occupants from bullets fired from below, as well as in the side paneling of the helicopter. 
         [0111]    There have been described above variations of the invention for purposes of illustrating the manner in which the present invention may be used to advantage. However, it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited thereto but includes all variations and modifications which may occur to those skilled in the art without violating the scope and spirit of the claims as appended hereto.