Abstract:
An oil-less engine with an integrated cylinder head is described. Oil-less engine allows manufacturers to build environmentally safer oil-free engines, with fewer engine parts and at reduced costs of manufacturing. In one embodiment, the present invention an internal combustion engine comprising a reciprocating cradle having pistons. The cradle is assembled with a circular disk that rotates. The rotation of the circular disk causes the pistons and the cradle to reciprocate and thereby causing a combustion with cylinder heads.

Description:
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a Continuation-In-Part (CIP) and claims the benefit of earlier filed and co-pending application U.S. Ser. No. 14/121,209 filed on Aug. 12, 2014, entitled “RECIPROCATING CRADLE ENGINE,” the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
     
    
     FIELD 
       [0002]    Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to engines and motors. More specifically, embodiments of present invention relate to oil-less cylinder head and oil-less engine. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Prior art engines and cylinder heads often utilize engine oil for lubricating pistons and cylinder walls. Engine oil produces pollutants, causing pollution to environment. Prior art engines and cylinder head also comprise numerous moving or wearable parts. Such parts include, but are not limited to, nuts and bolts, pushrods, valves, lifters, rod bearings, rockers, rocker posts, springs, chains, sprockets, sprocket covers and head gasket. These parts contribute to the issues of increased size and weight, lower reliability, and higher costs of manufacturing. Given the aforementioned issues, prior art engines and cylinder heads have insufficient environmental safety, reliability and economics in manufacturing. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    The present invention improves environmental safety standards of internal combustion engines by eliminating the use of engine oil in the internal combustion area of an engine, thus reducing pollutants and increasing environmental safety. The invention reduces the number of parts used in a cylinder head and an engine, thereby minimizing engine weight and lowering the costs of production. The present invention also increases reliability and efficiency of a cylinder head and an engine by reducing the number of wearable engine parts that include, but are not limited to, camshafts, valves, lifters, rod bearings, rockers, springs, sprockets and head gasket. 
         [0005]    In one embodiment, the present invention is an oil-less internal combustion engine comprising an integrated cylinder head, the engine comprising: (a) an engine casing comprising a cradle; (b) said cradle comprising a plurality of pistons, each piston connected to said cradle by a piston rod; (c) a plurality of cylinder walls corresponding to said plurality of pistons, wherein each cylinder wall comprises an integrated cylinder head, and wherein said each cylinder wall is adapted to hold said each piston; (d) a circular disk assembled in said cradle, wherein said disk is adapted to rotate, and wherein said cradle performs a reciprocation when said disk rotates; and (e) a crankshaft connected to said disk, wherein said crankshaft is adapted to transfer mechanical power to a transmission, wherein said oil-less engine, in the inside of said engine casing, is free of lubrication, wherein said integrated cylinder head, corresponding to said each cylinder wall, is screwably mountable into said engine casing, said cylinder head comprises: an externally-grounded sparking means comprising a positive terminal and a negative terminal; a fuel injecting means; an air injecting means; a valve-less electronic exhaust eliminator; a means for cooling said cylinder head, wherein said means for cooling comprises a screw-in air conditioning (AC) module; wherein said sparking means, said fuel injecting means, said air injecting means, said electronic exhaust eliminator, and said means for cooling are fitted together in a screw-type assembly into said cylinder head, wherein said cylinder head is free of lubricating agent, and wherein said cylinder head is valve less. 
         [0006]    Other embodiments of the present invention are described in the detailed description below. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0007]    The embodiments of the present invention described herein are exemplary, and not restrictive. 
           [0008]      FIG. 1  is an embodiment identifying engine sections of an engine of the present invention, when the cradle is down. 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  is an embodiment identifying engine sections of an engine of the present invention, when the cradle is up. 
           [0010]      FIG. 3A  is an embodiment of an exhaust eliminator when the exhaust is closed. 
           [0011]      FIG. 3B  is an embodiment of an exhaust eliminator when the exhaust is opened. 
           [0012]      FIG. 4A  is an embodiment of the engine of the present invention when a piston is in up position. 
           [0013]      FIG. 4B  is an embodiment of the engine of the present invention when a piston is in down position. 
           [0014]      FIG. 5  is an embodiment of the engine showing a plurality of air conditioning (AC) modules and a plurality of coolant jackets in the engine casing of the present invention. 
           [0015]      FIG. 6  is an embodiment of the engine of  FIG. 1  showing an electric spark (spark tip). 
           [0016]      FIG. 7  is an embodiment of an integrated cylinder head. 
           [0017]      FIG. 8  is an embodiment of the base of an integrated cylinder head. 
           [0018]      FIG. 9  is an embodiment of the tip of an integrated cylinder head. 
           [0019]      FIG. 10  is an embodiment of an electronic exhaust eliminator. 
           [0020]      FIG. 11  is an embodiment of an integrated cylinder head and a curved shaped piston. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0021]    In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without these specific details. 
         [0022]    Advantageously, the present invention improves environmental safety of internal combustion engine by eliminating the use of engine oil from the internal combustion area of an engine, thus reducing pollutants. Further, the invention reduces the number of engine parts of prior art engines, thereby minimizing engine weight and lowering the costs of production. The present invention also increases reliability and efficiency of an engine by reducing the number of wearable engine parts that include, but are not limited to, camshafts, valves, lifters, rod bearings, rockers, springs, and sprockets. 
         [0023]    Broadly, in one embodiment, the present invention is an oil-less internal combustion engine comprising an integrated cylinder head, the engine comprising: (a) an engine casing comprising a cradle; (b) said cradle comprising a plurality of pistons, each piston connected to said cradle by a piston rod; (c) a plurality of cylinder walls corresponding to said plurality of pistons, wherein each cylinder wall comprises an integrated cylinder head, and wherein said each cylinder wall is adapted to hold said each piston; (d) a circular disk assembled in said cradle, wherein said disk is adapted to rotate, and wherein said cradle performs a reciprocation when said disk rotates; and (e) a crankshaft connected to said disk, wherein said crankshaft is adapted to transfer mechanical power to a transmission, wherein said oil-less engine, in the inside of said engine casing, is free of lubrication, wherein said integrated cylinder head, corresponding to said each cylinder wall, is screwably mountable into said engine casing, said cylinder head comprises: an externally-grounded sparking means comprising a positive terminal and a negative terminal; a fuel injecting means; an air injecting means; a valve-less electronic exhaust eliminator; a means for cooling said cylinder head, wherein said means for cooling comprises a screw-in air conditioning (AC) module; wherein said sparking means, said fuel injecting means, said air injecting means, said electronic exhaust eliminator, and said means for cooling are fitted together in a screw-type assembly into said cylinder head, wherein said cylinder head is free of lubricating agent, and wherein said cylinder head is valve less. 
         [0024]    Technical know-how, functionalities and operation of prior art engines are known to a person of ordinary skill in the art of engine making. The description herein focuses on novelty in a manner that the solution concept of the present invention is discernable from prior art engines. Embodiments covering dimensions and engineering specifications of the present invention are not restrictive, meaning inclusive, to the present invention. Dimensions and engineering specifications are known to a person of ordinary skilled in the art. Dimensions and specification are customizable. 
         [0025]    For the purpose of the present invention, the term “oil-less” is used to describe an engine that does not use engine oil for lubrication in its internal combustion area. However, oil or lubricating agents may be used outside of internal combustion area for lubricating mechanical assembly, such as, crankshaft and crankshaft holder. 
         [0026]    With reference to  FIG. 1  to  FIG. 11 , embodiments of an engine of the present invention are described below. The phrase “an embodiment” refers to an embodiment of an engine of the present invention. 
         [0027]      FIG. 1  is an embodiment  100  showing parts of engine of the present invention. An engine casing  102  holds a cradle  106 . The cradle  106  houses a disk  104 . The disk  104  rotates either clockwise or counterclockwise. The cradle is adapted in a way that when the disk  104  rotates, the cradle moves up and down or reciprocates. In one embodiment, the cradle is adapted to reciprocate using a worm drive or assembly. The cradle comprises a rack gear and the disk comprises a worm gear (drive). In another embodiment, reciprocation of the cradle is enabled by a roller(s), the roller being adapted between the inside wall of the engine casing and the cradle. Rolling wheels may facilitate reciprocation. A sliding mechanism may also be adapted to facilitate reciprocation. The cradle  106  also holds a plurality of pistons. A piston  116  has a piston rod  118 . The piston rod  118  maybe screwed into the cradle  106 . The piston  116  moves along a cylinder wall  112 . The upper part of the cylinder wall  112  has a cylinder head  114  (also called, a combustion chamber). The combustion chamber  114  comprises a fuel injector, an air injector, a sparking means and an exhaust means (exhaust eliminator). At  110 , a crankshaft connects to the disk  104 . The disk when rotates will cause the crankshaft to transfer mechanical power to a transmission. The embodiment  100  shows the parts of the engine when the cradle  106  is in down position. 
         [0028]      FIG. 2  is an embodiment  200  showing parts of engine of the present invention, when the cradle is in up position. When the cradle is in up position, a combustion may commence at combustion chambers. 
         [0029]      FIG. 3A  is an embodiment  300 A of an exhaust eliminator when the exhaust is closed or sealed off. The exhaust eliminator may be electronically controlled by a car computer. An exhaust sealer  304  rotates around an axis  306  inside the perimeter  302 , thereby sealing off the opening  308 . 
         [0030]      FIG. 3B  is an embodiment  300 B of an exhaust eliminator when the exhaust is open. When the exhaust is open, the opening  310  is unobstructed by the exhaust sealer. 
         [0031]      FIG. 4A  is an embodiment  400 A of a cradle and a single piston of the present invention, when the piston is in up position. A cradle  404  moves inside the engine casing  402 . A rotation of a disk  406  causes the cradle  404  to move along the casing  402 . A worm drive is implemented between the cradle and the disk to cause a reciprocation of the cradle when the disk rotates. A piston rod  410  comprising a piston  412  is screwed into the cradle  404 . A combustion chamber comprises an fuel injector  418 , an air injector  416 , a sparking means and an exhaust means (exhaust eliminator). A crankshaft  408  is connected to the disk  406 . The crankshaft transfers mechanical power from the disk to a transmission when the disk generates mechanical power by rotation. The disk rotates when a combustion happens. A piston rod  410  connects a piston  412  to the cradle  404 . A cylinder head (or combustion chamber) comprises a sparking means  418 , an air injector  416 , and a fuel injector  414 . The cylinder head also comprises an exhaust means or exhaust eliminator that is electrically controlled by a car computer. When the piston  412  approaches the cylinder head, a combustion happens, causing the piston to move down, thereby rotating the disk  406 . 
         [0032]      FIG. 4B  is an embodiment  400 B of a cradle and a single piston of the present invention, when the piston is in down position. When the piston is down, a mixture of fuel and air is formed inside the cylinder wall. As the piston moves up, the mixture is compressed. When the piston is at a top dead center position, a combustion happens. The cylinder wall may be made of composite materials. 
         [0033]      FIG. 5  is an embodiment  500  showing a plurality of air conditioning (AC) modules ( 502  and  504 ). AC modules are used optionally, in addition to coolant (at coolant jackets) in an engine casing, to improve the process of heat elimination from the casing. An AC module  504  is screwed on to a coolant hole  508  of an engine casing  506 . An AC module has an inlet  524  and an outlet  526  for air conditioning (AC) fluid to pass. An inlet or outlet comprises an oil fitting and an oil tubing. An oil fitting  510  along with an oil tubing  512  transfers AC fluid to the AC module  502  from an AC condenser. An AC condenser of an automobile air conditioner may be used for the application discussed herein. An AC module has a pipe  514  that connects an inlet  524  to an outlet  526 . Alternatively, coils may be used in place of a pipe. AC fluid passing through a pipe or coils transfers heat out from the engine casing  506 . The engine casing  506  has a plurality of coolant jackets ( 516 ,  518 ,  520 ). A combination of coolant jackets and AC modules operate to maintain the temperature of the engine casing  506 . Further, the engine casing may comprise refrigeration coil having refrigerant for cooling. 
         [0034]      FIG. 6  is an embodiment  600  showing a spark tip of a spark plug or sparking means. A positively charged wire and a negatively charged wire create a spark at  602  where the positively charged wire and the negatively charged wire meet together. Electricity is passed through the spark rod to the spark tip by using insulated wires: a positive wire  612  and a negative wire  610  (externally grounded). 
         [0035]      FIG. 7  is an embodiment  700  of an integrated cylinder head. The cylinder head comprises screw on parts, comprising an air injector  710 , a fuel injector  708 , an externally grounded spark plug comprising a positive terminal  712  and negative terminal  706 , an electronic exhaust eliminator  702 , and an air conditioning module  704 . The cylinder head is valve-less and oil-less. The cylinder head uses no lubricating agent for lubrication. The cylinder head may be constructed of porcelain and metal clad. The cylinder head comprises an air conditioning module for reducing temperature or dissipating heat. The screw-on parts may be fitted together with the cylinder head using a screw-type assembly, thus, eliminating nuts and bolts type assembly. The spark plug may be externally grounded. The body of the cylinder head comprises threads  722  which may be used to screw the cylinder head into an engine casing. 
         [0036]    The tip  720  of the cylinder head  700  is dome shaped. The tip has a first outlet for the electronic exhaust eliminator. The externally grounded spark plug creates a spark by engaging a positive terminal  716  and a negative terminal  714 . The nozzle  718  of the fuel injector and the nozzle  720  of the air injector are appropriately positioned on the dome shaped tip  720  of the cylinder head. The threaded area  722  comprises a second outlet (not shown in the diagram) for the electronic exhaust eliminator. 
         [0037]      FIG. 8  is an embodiment  800  showing the base of an integrated cylinder head. The base  802  of the cylinder head comprises an air injector  812 , a fuel injector  814 , a positive charged terminal  808  and negative charged terminal  810  for an externally grounded spark plug, an electronic exhaust eliminator  804  and an air conditioning module  806 . 
         [0038]      FIG. 9  is an embodiment  900  showing the dome shaped tip of an integrated cylinder head. The tip comprises an air injector  910 , a fuel injector  912 , a positive charged terminal  906  and negative charged terminal  908  for an externally grounded spark plug, and an electronic exhaust eliminator  904 . 
         [0039]      FIG. 10  is an embodiment  1000  of an electronic exhaust eliminator (EEE).  FIG. 10  is a screw-type exhaust eliminator  1002 . The EEE has threads  1004  and a tube  1006 . The tube has an upper hole  1008  and a lower hole  1010  to allow a flow of exhaust fumes. The tube  1006  is fitted with a paddle  1012  that rotates on an axis  1014 . The hole  1008  is accommodated with the paddle  1012  in a way that the rotation of the paddle within the tube  1006  causes the hole  1008  to open and to close. The paddle  1012  is secured inside the tube  1006  using two bars  1016  and  1018 . The bars  1016  and  1018  may be shouldered to the inner wall of the tube  1006 . The rotation of the paddle causes opening and closing of the upper hole. The paddle has a pad. The pad operates to seal the upper hole. The rotation of pad (along with the paddle) causing opening or closing of the upper hole. The rotation of the pad is electronically programmable using a car computer. 
         [0040]      FIG. 11  is an embodiment  1100  showing an integrated cylinder head. The integrated cylinder head is engaged with a curved shaped piston  1106 . The dome shaped tip of the cylinder head engages with a curved shaped piston  1106 . The integrated cylinder head  1104  is screwed into an engine casing using threads  1102 . The threaded area  1102  also comprises an outlet  1116  for an electronic exhaust eliminator. The dome shaped tip of the cylinder head comprises an air injector  1112 , a fuel injector  1114 , a positive charged terminal  1108  and negative charged terminal  1110  for an externally grounded spark plug. 
         [0041]    Embodiments of the present invention may use a screw-type or screw-on assembly of modular engine parts. However, a person of ordinary skill in the art knows that alternative means of attachment, such as, nuts and blots, may be used to achieve identical functionalities of the present invention. In another embodiment, two or more engine parts of the present invention may be casted in a single mold, thus avoiding a screw-on assembly or nut and bolt assembly. 
         [0042]    Reference in this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearance of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “an embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Moreover, various features are described which may be exhibited by some embodiments and not by others. Similarly, various requirements are described which may be requirements for some embodiments but not for other embodiments. 
         [0043]    Although the written description contains many specifics for the purposes of illustration, anyone skilled in the art will appreciate that many variations and/or alterations to the details are within the scope of the present invention. Similarly, although many of the features of the present invention are described in terms of each other, or in conjunction with each other, one skilled in the art will appreciate that many of these features can be practiced independently of other features. Accordingly, the description of the invention is set forth without any loss of generality to, and without imposing limitations upon, the invention. 
         [0044]    Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments, it will be evident that various modification and changes can be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative sense rather than in a restrictive sense.