Abstract:
An electric street light controller apparatus and monitoring method allows automatic street light turn-on and turn-off characteristics to be field programmable using RFID technology, lamp current magnitude recording, auxiliary sensor input, diagnostic alarming and data storage for later retrieval in a remote electric street lighting monitoring system. The apparatus and method includes, from a remotely located exciter apparatus using an antenna to transmit a specific frequency and code key to the antenna of an electric street light control and monitoring apparatus associated with the electric street light allowing remote wireless field programming of turn-on fight levels, turn-off light levels, rate of change of light levels, specific turn-on, turn-off, and turn back on sequences during dark hours, and specific remote wireless sensors or internal sensor inputs useful for radiological, biological, chemical, or environmental sensing and alarming. Additionally the method and apparatus includes a method of providing automatic diagnostics for the street lamp bulb, starter and self diagnostics of the controller itself.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/274,993, filed on Nov. 16, 2005, currently pending, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    This invention finds use in the field of electric street lighting. In particular, this invention relates to the application of RFID or similar wireless technology to operate, monitor operating characteristics and/or capture historical parametric data for one or more electric streetlights. 
         [0004]    2. Background 
         [0005]    Electric street lights are of a general high priority due to road safety and security issues along public streets, certain areas of high security, or any area where homeland safety and security issues arise. Previously, streetlight controllers have historically only turned the street lights on or off with a given preset light level or off after a delayed time usually 4 hours after dark. 
         [0006]    A further problem in the current technology street light controllers is that a pulsating light source, i.e., a laser pointer, can fool the street light control and turn the street light off. This is of particular interest to those areas of high security in which the lighting conditions are of paramount importance. 
         [0007]    Existing street light controllers also have no self-diagnostic capability in that they can not monitor lamp current to determine if a light is cycling off and on (a particular failure mode of the lamp), if the bulb is on during the daylight hours (a different typical control failure mode), or if the bulb has failed and will not turn on during the normal dark times. 
         [0008]    Further, existing street light controls cannot be used for any type of remote sensing of the conditions of radiological, biological, chemical or environmental conditions useful in an alerting system for homeland security. 
         [0009]    Finally, current technology street light controllers cannot wirelessly communicate with ground personnel proximate to the street light, or communicate in a peer-to peer fashion to a central data collection point. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY 
       [0010]    The present invention is directed to an improved street lighting control and monitoring system that will hold the magnitude of the bulb current that flowed during the failed condition of the street light, provide specific alarms for anti-terror purposes, provide communications either proximate to the street light or peer to peer to a central data collector via RFID technology, allow remote on/off overrides using remote wireless RFID transmitters, permit field programmable turn-on and turn-off characteristics as well as delay off after dark then predictive on before dawn, and visible LED alarm conditions. 
         [0011]    In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of wirelessly programming a streetlight controller and monitor, the method comprising: providing a turn on foot-candle level parameter to the streetlight controller and monitor; providing a turn off foot-candle level parameter to the streetlight controller and monitor; providing a delay turn off time parameter to the streetlight controller and monitor; and providing a pre-set turn on time parameter to the streetlight controller and monitor. 
         [0012]    In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of wirelessly programming a streetlight controller and monitor, the method comprising: providing a pre-set turn on time parameter to the streetlight controller and monitor, wherein the provided pre-set turn on time parameter is automatically adjusted based upon a determined time correction factor. In at least one embodiment, the time correction factor is determined by a correction factor determination method comprising the steps of: 1) storing an expected sunlight level value for a time of day; 2) measuring an actual sunlight level for the time of day; 3) determining a time difference between the expected sunlight level and the actual sunlight level; and 4) determining the time correction factor based upon the time difference. In another embodiment, the time correction factor is determined by a correction factor determination method that includes: 1) periodically determining actual sunlight levels within at least one 24 hour cycle; 2) computing a predicted sunlight level for at least one time of day in a second 24 hour cycle; 3) measuring an actual sunlight level for the at least one time of day in the second 24 hour cycle; 4) determining a time difference between the predicted sunlight level and the actual sunlight level; and 5) determining the time correction factor based upon the time difference. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0013]    Specific embodiments of the invention have been chosen for purposes of illustration and description, and are shown in the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the specification. 
           [0014]      FIG. 1  is schematic diagram of the remote street light controller and monitoring system of the instant invention. 
           [0015]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the exterior portion of the remote street light controller and monitoring system of the instant invention. 
           [0016]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram of the street light controller and monitor. 
           [0017]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram of the street light MCU unit. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0018]    Referring now to the drawings,  FIG. 1  illustrates the Street Light Controller and Monitor (SLCM)  10  of the instant invention mounted in a typical position on top of a representative street light  100 . As is shown in  FIG. 2 , the exterior portion of the SLCM is comprised of a covering or shell  12  having an transparent or translucent window portion  14 . 
         [0019]    Programming of the SLCM  10  is accomplished through radio frequency transmissions  110  are sent from the antenna  210  of the exciter  200 . Contained in these transmissions is a code key for the individual SLCM. Anti-collision protocols are implemented in the street light controller and monitor  10  such that only the street light controller monitor having a matching code key will respond to the exciter  200  signal.  FIG. 1  further shows the exciter unit  200  collecting data from the individual SLCM  10  by way of radio frequency transmissions  110 . The exciter system  200  further includes an I/O section for transferring the stored data to a host portable computer  220 . The exciter  200  is configured to be portable and operate proximate to an SLCM  10 . 
         [0020]    Additionally, radio frequency transmissions  120  from a remote wireless satellite sensor device (RSSD)  300  are received by the SLCM  10  for data collection. If the RSSD  300  detects an abnormal condition of radiological, biological, chemical, or environmental conditions, a radio frequency transmission  120  to the SLCM  10  is initiated. In response, the SLCM  10  flashes an internal LED  30  (discussed below) and sends a radio frequency transmission to surrounding SLCM units  10 . In this manner a peer-to-peer communications alarm condition is signaled to all surrounding SLCM units. The signals are further sent to a central collection point. 
         [0021]    Referring now to  FIG. 3 , operation of the street light controller and monitor unit is accomplished as follows: specific frequency band of sunlight levels sensed by photo-sensor  20  in window area  14  (See  FIG. 2 ) of the SLCM  10  are converted to electrical levels corresponding to foot-candles of illumination. Printed wire connection from the photo-sensor  20  to a microprocessor control unit (MCU)  60  conveys the electrical representation of light level. The light level is stored in RAM  72  (see  FIG. 4 ). Load Control Relay (LCR)  24  is controlled by electrical signal from the MCU  60 . Load Control Relay (LCR)  24  contacts supply AC power to the twist lock contact plug  26  to allow application of power to the street lamp  10  to illuminate it. AC voltage and current from the twist lock contact plug  26  supply incoming power to power supply  28 . Power supply  28  converts AC power to DC power for the DC circuitry of the SLCM  10 . If an abnormal operational condition or specific alarm is sensed by MCU  60 , then LED  30  enunciates error conditions. MCU  60  also monitors further, specific radiological, biological, chemical, or environmental (“RBCE”) conditions sensed by RBCE sensor  32 . These alarms are also enunciated by LED  26  and are transmitted in a peer-to-peer fashion by MCU  2  to other street light control monitors or to a central data collector. RBCE  5  sensor can also be remotely located from the actual SLCM  10  unit as a satellite device proximate to the SLCM  10  and wirelessly convey alarm conditions to the SLCM  10  unit. The RBCE  32  sensor located remotely from the Street Light Controller and Monitor utilizes active tag RFID technology to act as a transponder to periodic transmission of radio frequencies from the Street Light Controller and Monitor  10 . 
         [0022]    Now, referring to  FIG. 4 , The analog-to-digital converter (ADC)  11  internal to the MCU  60  converts the electrical signals to a digital representation of the foot-candle magnitude. Internal data stored in EEPROM (electronically alterable read-only memory)  70  are compared to the digital light level stored in RAM  72 . If light levels stored in RAM memory  72  are decreasing, and have dropped below a programmable preset turn-on level in EEPROM  70  for the turn-on, the controller will turn the load control relay (LCR)  24  on and cause the street light to illuminate. Consequently; if light levels stored in RAM memory  72  are increasing, and have risen above a programmable preset level in EEPROM  70  for the turn-off, the controller will turn the load control relay (LCR)  24  off and cause the street light to extinguish. Light levels may be of an inverse ratio i.e., 1.5 foot candles off and 1.0 foot candles on. Full wireless programming of the turn-on and turn-off light levels is accomplished via the exciter  200  proximate to the street light controlled and monitor. If current levels fluctuate at some few cycles per second, the MCU  60  will determine that a “cycling bulb” problem exists with the street light and illuminate an LED  30  to indicate a warning. 
         [0023]    In one embodiment, the street light controller and monitor can be wirelessly programmed by exciter  200  to have turn-on and turn-off characteristics as well as a delayed off after dark and a turn on before dawn. For example, the streetlight controller and monitor  10  can be provided with a turn on foot-candle level parameter, so that the streetlight will illuminate at a specified level of sunlight. A turn off foot-candle level parameter can also be provided to the streetlight controller and monitor  10 , so that the streetlight will turn off at a specified level of sunlight. As an energy savings feature, a delay turn off time parameter can be provided to the street light controller and monitor  10 , so that the streetlight will turn off at some time during the night. One example of delay turn off time parameter relates to turning the streetlight off at a specified amount of time after the turn on foot-candle parameter has been met. An additional feature that can be provided is a pre-set turn on time parameter, which can be provided to the streetlight controller and monitor  10  to turn the streetlight back on before daylight. One purpose of a pre-set turn on time parameter can be to turn the streetlight on at a desired amount of time before dark and/or at a desired amount of time before day at a desired amount of time before dark or at a desired amount of time before day. For example, a streetlight can be illuminated for a specified amount of time before the turn off foot-candle parameter is met, so that the streetlight will be on during pre-dawn hours when the light may be needed. Preferably, the pre-set turn on time parameter causes a streetlight to illuminate after the delay turn off time parameter has been met and before the turn off foot-candle level parameter has been met. In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the provided foot-candle level parameters and time parameters are preferably stored in the non-volatile EEPROM memory  70  of the MCU  60 . 
         [0024]    In preferred embodiments, a pre-set turn on time parameter is automatically adjusted based upon a determined time correction factor. In one embodiment, the time correction factor is determined by a correction factor determination method that includes: 1) storing an expected sunlight level value for a time of day; 2) measuring an actual sunlight level for the time of day; 3) determining a time difference between the expected sunlight level and the actual sunlight level; and 4) determining the time correction factor based upon the time difference. The expected sunlight level value can be programmed into the streetlight controller and monitor. In such embodiments, the expected sunlight level value can be based upon reference materials such as sunrise and sunset data provided by an almanac or other source. Alternatively, the expected sunlight level can be predicted by the streetlight controller and monitor  10  based upon previously measured actual sunlight levels. 
         [0025]    In a particularly preferred embodiment, the time correction factor is determined by a correction factor determination method that includes: 1) periodically determining actual sunlight levels within at least one 24 hour cycle; 2) computing a predicted sunlight level for at least one time of day in a second 24 hour cycle; 3) measuring an actual sunlight level for the at least one time of day in the second 24 hour cycle; 4) determining a time difference between the predicted sunlight level and the actual sunlight level; and 5) determining the time correction factor based upon the time difference. The determination of actual sunlight levels is preferably accomplished in accordance with the description of the operation of the street light controller and monitor provided above. The streetlight controller and monitor preferably uses stored digital light level data to compute the predicted sunlight level for at least one time of day in the second 24 hour cycle, and the light level correction factor is preferably stored in EEPROM  70 . 
         [0026]    Still referring to  FIG. 4  as well as  FIG. 3 , the unit power is supplied from the nominal line power supplied to the street light from the electric utility power through a twist lock connector  26 , the rectified AC voltage is stored on super capacitor in power supply  28  or if no power is available, once the street light controller monitor  10  has received RF energy from the exciter  200  for some small interval of time, the unit will power up using the rectified RF energy passed through rectifier  19  and stored in a super capacitor  84  for operating power. 
         [0027]    Again referring to  FIG. 4 , if the code key transmitted from the exciter  200  matches the code key stored in the MCU  60  EEPROM  70  of the street light controller and monitor unit, the street light controller and monitor  10  will respond by radio frequency transmissions of data stored in EEPROM  70 . If the code key transmitted by the exciter  200  does not match the internal code key stored in the street light controller and monitor EEPROM  70 , the street light controller and monitor  10  will go into a power saving sleep mode of operation. 
         [0028]    Referring both to  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 4 , the exciter  200  unit has a transmitting and receiving antenna  210  to transmit the RF energy of a specific frequency to the remotely located street light controller and monitor  10  through antenna  90 . When the exciter unit  200  is brought in proximity to the street light controller and monitor  10 , the operator initiates a signal transmission from the exciter  200 . If the code keys match, data collected by the street light controller and monitor will be directed to the MCU  60  for transmission by a particular modulation scheme by RF transmitter  74  and antenna  90 . Design of the particular RF modulation scheme capable of encoding the data collected in the street light controller and monitor unit is well within the skill level of those ordinarily skilled in the art. Once the data have been received at antenna  210  and demodulated by receiver and controller in the exciter  200 , the data are stored in the exciter memory. The data will be stored until downloaded to a host portable computer  400 . A rechargeable battery internal to the exciter will power the exciter. The active specific frequency embodiment uses technology similar to that used in radio frequency identification (RFID) tags that use the rectified radiated RF energy as an additional internal power source of the street light controller monitor device. 
         [0029]    Location, pole number, GPS data or any number of enumeration and identification schemes used by the electric utility may be entered either electronically or manually into the host computer  400  for later use in determining the path alarm information conveyed from the street light controller monitor  10 . This path information is also useful in determining path information of RBCE  32  sensor data for homeland security. 
         [0030]    In summary, the disclosed photo-control system provides at least the following advantages over the prior art:
       An adaptive daylight following method to permit a programmable turn on before dark or before daylight a safety feature especially useful in highway street lighting applications and school bus pickup areas.   An ability to turn off a programmable time after dark to provide an energy conservation feature.   An ability to resist artificial light level turn off that is useful in maintaining perimeter lighting in high security areas or critical areas for vandalism or terrorist attack.   A capability to monitor ambient levels to allow low road use times to turn off lights for long periods of no road use and to “hot start” the street light based on an increasing rate of ambient light change by an oncoming vehicle.   A self-diagnostic capability to minimize down time. The diagnostic ability features a flashing red light during daylight hours as an alert of problems. Wireless commands from a ground remote reader/transmitter can retrieve failure information and history   The ability to field program the turn on levels (lux), turn off levels, and various delay times over a wireless RF link.   A method to have multiple controls gang together via a wireless command to turn oil simultaneously. This is useful in a parking lot application where all lights should turn on and off together.       
 
         [0038]    From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit or scope of the invention. It is therefore intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting, and that it be understood that it is the following claims, including all equivalents, that are intended to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter regarded as the invention.