Abstract:
A method for heating a subterranean formation includes the steps of positioning a well to a subterranean formation; disposing an energy transforming material in the formation; and exposing the material to energy whereby the material generates heat.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The invention relates to a method for heating a subterranean formation and, more particularly, to a method for heating formation fluids in a well bore zone so as to reduce viscosity and improve fluid flow, thereby improving fluid production through the well.  
           [0002]    Wells are drilled to subterranean hydrocarbon bearing formations in order to produce such hydrocarbons to the surface. Production through the well is guided by several factors, including formation pressure, fluid viscosity, formation permeability and the like.  
           [0003]    A long standing endeavor in the industry is to improve flow rates from such hydrocarbon producing wells. Various methods such as formation fracturing, injection wells and the like have been used for such purpose.  
           [0004]    Despite the foregoing, the need remains for further improvements in production flow rates.  
           [0005]    It is therefore the primary object of the present invention to provide a method for improving hydrocarbon flow from subterranean formations.  
           [0006]    It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a method which is readily applicable to different types of producing wells, without requiring substantial new equipment and the like.  
           [0007]    Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear hereinbelow.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    In accordance with the present invention, the foregoing objects and advantages have been readily attained.  
           [0009]    According to the invention, a method is provided for heating a subterranean formation, which method comprises the steps of positioning a well to a subterranean formation; disposing an energy transforming material through said well into said formation; and exposing said material to energy whereby said energy transforming material generates heat.  
           [0010]    In accordance with a preferred aspect of the present invention, the energy transforming material is exposed to energy so as to generate heat while formation fluids are produced through the well, whereby such formation fluids are heated, and viscosity is reduced, so as to improve production flow rates.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0011]    A detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention follows, with reference to the attached drawings, wherein:  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a method in accordance with the present invention; and  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 2 illustrates the relationship between typical hydrocarbon viscosity for different grades of hydrocarbon and temperature. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0014]    The invention relates to a method for heating a subterranean formation and, thereby, for heating fluids in the subterranean formation so as to reduce viscosity of such fluids and improve flow rates through wells drilled to the formation.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 1 shows a well  10  positioned to a hydrocarbon bearing formation  12  for producing formation fluids to a surface level. In accordance with the present invention, and as will be further discussed below, certain materials are disposed in the formation in fractures or perforations  20  provided in the formation  12  at a zone  14  around the well bore  16 , and such materials are selected of material which heats when exposed to energy. These materials are, according to the invention, exposed to energy such that heat is generated for heating formation  12 , especially in the zone  14 , and the fluids contained therein.  
         [0016]    By heating fractures  20  and zone  14 , viscosity of fluids is substantially reduced, thereby improving flow significantly and enhancing production from well  10 .  
         [0017]    Suitable material for use in heating will be referred to herein as energy transforming material, and includes materials which heat when positioned in magnetic, electric and/or electromagnetic fields.  
         [0018]    In accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention, formation  12  has been subjected to a fracturing step so as to provide perforations or fractures  20 , with proppants  22  disposed in fractures  20  to keep such fractures open and enhance flow rates into well  10 . In accordance with this embodiment of the present invention, the energy transforming material may advantageously comprises nanoparticles and the proppant may be, for example, selected from (1) a cluster of the nanoparticles, (2) a conventional proppant coated with the nanoparticles or (3) nanoparticles located inside a proppant.  
         [0019]    In one particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, such proppants can be prepared by soaking the proppant in a bath containing desired nanoparticles so as to completely coat the proppants, after which the proppants can be dried and positioned within fractures  20  in a conventional and well known manner.  
         [0020]    By exposing such proppants to energy, the proppant heats, and fluids flowing through fractures  20  and proppants  22  disposed therein will be heated so to reduce viscosity and improve production flow rates.  
         [0021]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the energy transforming material may be positioned in the formation by means different than fractures. For example, some formations are perforated to enhance production, and energy transforming material can be disposed in such perforations. In this embodiment of the present invention, the nanoparticle containing proppants described above may themselves be disposed in such perforations, for example by flowing a proppant suspension through the well into the formation so as to dispose the desired proppant into the perforations, where they can be subjected to energy and heated as desired.  
         [0022]    In further accordance with the invention, some formations are sufficiently loose, unconsolidated or highly permeable that the proppant can be forced into them without substantially impacting upon permeability of same. In such formations, the proppant containing or formed of the nanoparticles of the desired material can be disposed into the formation and subjected to energy as with the other embodiments so as to heat zone  14  and formation fluids contained therein, also resulting in reduction of fluid viscosity and improvement in production flow rates.  
         [0023]    Still referring to FIG. 1, the energy transforming material disposed into fractures  20  in the various embodiments discussed above can be exposed to energy from any suitable power source  24 , which is selected to provide the type of power to which energy transforming material will respond, and power source  24  may suitably be disposed through well  10  to the appropriate area, for example on any conventional tool string  26 . Unit  24  may suitably be an apparatus for generating the desired electric, magnetic or electromagnetic field to which energy transforming material disposed in fractures  20  responds by generating heat.  
         [0024]    The method of the present invention can provide for excellent reductions in fluid viscosity at relatively small amounts of power consumption. Desired temperature increases can be obtained at minimal energy input levels. Referring to FIG. 2, the viscosity for various grades of crude oil is shown as it relates to temperature. Clearly, an increase in temperature can provide significant reductions in viscosity of such fluids, which will lead to substantial improvements in flow rate.  
         [0025]    The energy transforming material in accordance with the present invention is preferably provided in the form of nanoparticles, which can then be used as proppants prepared as described above. Suitable nanoparticles preferably have an average particle size of between about 1 nm and about 200 nm. Such nanoparticles can readily be disposed into formations and/or perforations therein, for example by injecting fluid systems containing the proppants described above wherein the proppant preferably has an average particle size of between about 0.3 microns and about 3 microns.  
         [0026]    The nanoparticles or other form of energy transforming material may suitably be formed of a material selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, molybdenum, zirconium, nickel, chromium, silicon and the like. Particularly suitable materials are selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide and mixtures thereof.  
         [0027]    It should be readily appreciated that a method has been provided whereby heat can be generated in the zone  14  surrounding a well bore of well  10  in a formation  12 . This advantageously serves to provide for reduction in fluid viscosity and significant improvements in production flow rates.  
         [0028]    In addition to disposing proppants of the nanoparticles as described above, it is possible to force, under pressure, a carrier fluid containing the nanoparticles into a porous formation. Furthermore, the proppants and/or nanoparticles may be delivered through the well bore itself or through a separate bore hole proximate to the well bore.  
         [0029]    The method of the present invention can be conducted without substantial expenditures, and can be utilized in numerous different types of production well environments.  
         [0030]    It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the illustrations described and shown herein, which are deemed to be merely illustrative of the best modes of carrying out the invention, and which are susceptible of modification of form, size, arrangement of parts and details of operation. The invention rather is intended to encompass all such modifications which are within its spirit and scope as defined by the claims.