Abstract:
A security alarm module for attaching to an item of merchandise in a security system for protecting the item of merchandise has a housing, a logic control circuit including a central controller, a wireless interface for communicating with a programmable key containing a security code, and a memory circuit for storing the security code. An attachment device attaches the alarm module to the item of merchandise and a sense loop operatively communicates with the attachment device for sensing when the integrity of the attachment device is compromised. An audio alarm is located within the housing and is actuated when the integrity of the sense loop is compromised. A visual indicator such as an LED, indicates the status of the alarm module. The housing includes a base and a bottom housing member which is spaced from the base to form a sound region. The audio alarm is mounted in the bottom housing member and communicates with the sound region which enhances the sound level of the alarm when actuated. The housing includes a plurality of terminal jacks which are connected to the logic control circuit for connection to one or more attachment devices containing the sense loops which extend from the alarm module to items of merchandise.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/753,631 filed Dec. 23, 2005; the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 

   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Technical Field 
   The invention relates to security devices and systems for protection of merchandise, and in particular, a system based on a smart key that is programmed with a security disarm code (SDC) at a programming station, and more particularly to an alarm module attached to an item of merchandise into which the SDC is programmed by the smart key for subsequent disarming of the alarm module. 
   2. Background Information 
   Various retail establishments use numerous types of theft deterrent devices and systems to discourage shoplifters. Many of these systems use various types of alarm modules which are attached to an article to be protected in one manner or another. When the integrity of the module or the item of merchandise protected thereby is compromised in any manner, such as cutting attachment cables which attach the alarm module to the item of merchandise, removing the merchandise from the alarm module or disturbing the alarm module, will cause an audible alarm to be sounded in the module to alert store personnel that the item of merchandise or security device is being tampered with illegally. These alarm modules, as well as the items of merchandise protected thereby, also may contain various electronic article surveillance tags (EAS) which will sound an alarm at a security gate upon approaching or passing through the gate in an unauthorized manner. 
   These alarm modules usually have some type of key, either mechanical or magnetic, which is used to unlock the module from the protected item of merchandise to enable the merchandise to be taken to a checkout counter, as well as to disarm the audible alarm contained in the alarm module. One problem with such security systems is that these keys will be stolen from the retail establishment and used at the same store or at another store using the same type of alarm modules or security devices, to enable a thief to disarm the alarm module as well as unlock it from the protected merchandise. These keys also are stolen by dishonest employees for subsequent unauthorized use by the employee or sale to a thief for use at the same or other stores which use the same alarm modules controlled by the key. 
   It is extremely difficult to prevent the theft of these alarm module keys by dishonest employees or even by a thief within the retail establishment due to the number of keys that must be available and used by the various clerks in the various departments of the store to facilitate the use of the numerous alarm modules that are needed to protect the numerous items of merchandise. 
   Thus, the need exists for a security system and in particular for an alarm module used therein, which is attached to various items of merchandise, which will prevent or deter a thief or dishonest employee from using the key that is used to disarm the alarm module in an unauthorized manner, as well as preventing use of the key on similar types of alarm modules at other retail establishments including the store from which the key was stolen. 
   BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   One aspect of the present invention is to provide a security system for protecting items of merchandise, and in particular an alarm module used therein, which system uses a programmable smart key for disarming an alarm module. The smart key is programmed with a unique security disarm code (SDC) by a programming station and then used to program the SDC into the alarm module. The SDC is unique to a particular retail establishment thereby preventing the key from being used on alarm modules at a different store than that from which the key is stolen. 
   A further aspect of the present invention is to use the SDC which is programmed into the smart key to program each of the individual alarm modules with the same SDC when the alarm modules are first activated, which enables the SDC to remain with the alarm modules throughout their use in a particular retail establishment. 
   Still another aspect of the present invention is to provide wireless communication between the various elements of the system, namely for transmitting the SDC between the smart key, programming station and alarm module based upon IR, RF or similar wireless transmission. 
   Another aspect of invention is to enable the alarm module to actuate an alarm if a key is attempted to be used to disarm the alarm module containing a wrong SDC. 
   Another feature of the invention is to provide for a visual and audible indication of the status of the alarm module, such as whether the alarm module is armed or disarmed, whether the alarm module is operational and whether the integrity of the alarm module including various sense loops connected thereto, is being compromised and whether a wrong key is attached and attempted to be utilized to disarm the alarm module. 
   Another aspect of the invention is to provide the alarm module with a plurality of attachment ports or jacks for connecting attachment cables to the alarm module and to items of merchandise to be protected thereby, which attachment cables contain sense loops which sound an alarm if the integrity of the loop is compromised by a thief. 
   A further feature of the invention is to form the alarm module of plastic components, namely, a housing having base which can be secured to a supporting surface by mechanical fasteners preventing its removal therefrom, a bottom housing member on which is mounted a printed circuit board containing the logic control circuitry and internal power supply, a top housing member which is mounted on the bottom housing member and forms an internal chamber in which the control logic circuit board and other components are located, and a top housing cover which is secured to the top and bottom housing members. The housing cover is provided with a smart key communication port for aligning the smart key with the internal wireless communication system of the logic control circuit and is provided with a simulated speaker grill to advise a potential thief that the alarm module contains an audible alarm. 
   Another aspect of the invention is to space the top and bottom housing members from the base to provide a sound transmission space therebetween whereby a piezo audible alarm mounted in the bottom housing member and communicating directly with this space provides an increased dB audible output thereby increasing the effectiveness of the audible alarm system. 
   Still another aspect of the invention is to provide the alarm module with an electronic article surveillance (EAS) tag which would sound an alarm at an exit of a retail store if the alarm module is passed through the security gate in an unauthorized manner. 
   A further aspect of the invention is the incorporation of an operational lifetime timer into the logic control circuit which is preset for a specific time period, for example five years, to insure that the self-contained battery has sufficient charge for operating the alarm module, and that a counter records the amount of time that the alarm is activated which causes substantial power drain on the battery. This alarm time automatically reduces the lifetime period in the lifetime timer by a predetermined amount. The lifetime counter automatically disables the alarm module at the end of the lifetime period. 
   Still another feature of the invention is that shortly before the lifetime period is reached the logic control circuit will activate an end-of-life signal, which will alert store personnel that after a predetermined time period, for example one week, the alarm module will be permanently inactivated requiring replacement in order to prevent the alarm module from becoming inoperative without notifying store personnel of this condition due to low battery power. 
   These features are obtained by the alarm module of the present invention the general nature of which may be stated as including a housing; a logic control circuit including a central controller, a wireless interface for communicating with a key containing a SDC, and a memory circuit for storing the SDC; an attachment device for attaching the alarm module to an item of merchandise; a sense loop operatively communicating with the attachment device for sensing when the integrity of the attachment is compromised; and an audio alarm which is actuated when the integrity of the sense loop is compromised. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
     A preferred embodiment of the invention, illustrated of the best mode in which Applicant contemplates applying the principles, is set forth in the following description and is shown in the drawings and is particularly and distinctly pointed out and set forth in the appended claims. 
       FIG. 1  is a top plan view of the alarm module of the present invention. 
       FIG. 2  is a side elevational view of the alarm module of  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 3  is a sectional view taken on line  3 - 3 ,  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 4  is an exploded perspective view of the alarm module. 
       FIG. 4A  is a bottom plan view of the underside surface of the bottom housing member. 
       FIG. 5  is a diagrammatic top plan view of the printed circuit board assembly of the alarm module. 
       FIG. 6  is a schematic wiring diagram of the printed circuit board of  FIG. 5 . 
       FIG. 7  is a block diagram of the control logic circuit of the alarm module. 
       FIG. 8  is the flow chart of the control logic circuit for the alarm module. 
       FIG. 9  is a list explaining the abbreviations and terms used in the flow chart of  FIG. 8 . 
       FIG. 10  is a diagrammatic view of one type of security system using the alarm module of the present invention. 
   

   Similar numbers refer to similar parts throughout the drawings. 
   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   The alarm module of the present invention is indicated generally at  1 , and is shown particularly in  FIGS. 1-4 . Alarm module  1  includes as its main components a base  3  which is adapted to be secured to a supporting surface  5  by a plurality of mechanical fasteners or screws  7  which extend through a plurality of holes  9  formed in base  3 . A foam pad  8  having one or more layers of a pressure sensitive adhesive secures base  3  to surface  5 . Base  3  is formed with a plurality of posts  11  extending upwardly therefrom on which is supported a bottom housing member indicated generally at  13 . A printed circuit board, indicated generally at  15 , is mounted on a portion of bottom housing member  13  and rests inside of an annular rib  16  extending upwardly from the oval-shaped bottom portion  17  of housing member  13 . Bottom housing member  13  includes an elongated dome-shaped battery housing  19  for containing a battery  21  which supplies the electrical power to circuit board  15 , and in particular the logic control circuit  14  formed on circuit board  15 . A circular rib  23  is formed on bottom housing member  13  and surrounds a circular opening  25  in which is located a piezo audible alarm  27  which is electrically connected to the circuit board  15  at solder terminals  18  ( FIG. 5 ). Battery  21  is retained within battery housing  19  by a battery door  29  secured to bottom housing member  13  by a fastener  30 . 
   A contact switch  28 ,  FIGS. 4 and 4A , is mounted within a rectangular-shaped partition  26  formed on bottom housing member  13  adjacent battery housing  19  and has a plunger  28 A which extends through openings  33  and  33 A formed in base  3  and pressure sensitive adhesive pad  8 , respectively, and into contact with support  5 . Switch  28  is electrically connected to the logic control circuit at solder points  36  as shown in  FIGS. 5 and 7 . Switch  28  will be actuated if bottom housing member  13  is removed from base  3  and will sound alarm  27  unless alarm module has been disarmed as discussed below. 
   A top housing member, indicated generally at  31  ( FIGS. 3 and 4 ), is mounted on and secured to bottom housing member  13  by a plurality of attachment screws  32 . Top housing member  31  is a dome-shaped member and forms a hollow interior  34  with bottom housing member  13 , which provides a space for receiving and protecting circuit board  15  and the various components formed thereon. A top housing cover plate  35  is mounted on top of top housing member  31  and secured thereto by a snap fit engagement. Cover plate  35  includes a circular-shaped smart key receiving port  37  which aligns with a complementary-shaped circular opening  39  formed in top housing member  31 . A light pipe  41  is mounted by screws  42  within opening  39  to enhance the infrared (IR) transmission of communication waves between a smart key  43  ( FIG. 10 ) and a wireless communication circuit  45  which is formed on circuit board  15 , providing the wireless communication between the smart key and the control logic circuit of alarm module  1 . 
   As shown in  FIG. 3 , posts  11  of base  3  align with similarly shaped posts  46  found on the bottom surface of housing member  13  and forms a space  47  between the top surface of base  3  and the bottom surface of bottom housing member  13 . Space  47  enables piezo audible alarm  27  which is mounted in opening  25  of bottom housing member  13  and communicates directly with space  47  to discharge its sound waves when actuated directly into space  47  enhancing the dB level of the alarm in order to better alert store personnel of the actuation of the audible alarm than a lower dB level that occurs with prior alarm modules wherein the audible alarm is concealed within the housing and the housing mounted directly on a supporting surface without the intervening sound space  47  being provided therein. 
   Battery  21  when mounted within housing  19  will extend between and contact negative and positive terminals  49  and  51  mounted on and extending outwardly from circuit board  15 . The logic control circuit  14  is formed on printed circuit board  15  and is shown in block diagram in  FIG. 7 . Circuit  14  includes a main controller  53  which preferably is a microprocessor, as well as wireless communication circuit  45 , which in the preferred embodiment operates on infrared (IR), but could be radio frequency (RF) or other type of wireless communication without affecting the concept of the invention. A security disarm code (SDC) memory  55  is connected to controller  53 , as well as an EAS tag detector  57 . 
   An LED  59  is connected to control logic circuit  14  and is located in a mounting boss  61  ( FIGS. 3 and 4 ) formed on top of battery housing  19  and extends through aligned holes  63  and  65  formed in top housing member  31  and top housing cover  13 , respectively, so as to be visible by anyone viewing alarm module  1 . Control logic circuit  14  further includes one or more sense loops  67  which are in communication with and extend from a plurality of jack ports  68 , four of which are shown on printed circuit board  15 . Each sense loop, which preferably is an electrical conductor or a fiber optic conductor, extends through attachment cable  69  which extends from alarm module  1  to an item of merchandise  70  to be protected by the security system of the present invention, as shown diagrammatically in  FIG. 10 . A switch (not shown) usually will connect the sense loop to merchandise  70  to sound alarm  27  if merchandise  70  is illegally removed from cable  69 . 
   Printed circuit board  15  is shown diagrammatically in  FIG. 5  and includes as its main components four attachment ports or jacks  68  for receiving the end couplers of attachment cable  69 , each of which preferably contains an internal electrical sense loop  67 , which loops are electrically and operatively connected to the control logic circuit  14 . Controller  53  is mounted on circuit board  15 , as well as a step up transformer  71 , a capacitor  73 , LED  59 , LED diode  74 , sundry resistors and capacitors  75 . It is readily understood that the particular circuit components shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6  can vary without effecting the concept of the invention and that one skilled in the art can determine the type and values of these components and various arrangements thereof to achieve the results described above. 
     FIG. 10  shows a security system of the type in which alarm module  1  will be utilized. The programmable smart key  43 , such as shown and described in a copending patent application filed concurrently herewith entitled Programmable Key For A Security System For Protecting Merchandise is programmed with the SDC from a programming station indicated generally at  77 . Station  77  preferably is the type shown and described in a copending patent application filed currently herewith entitled Programming Station For A Security System For Protectinq Merchandise, which as described therein is protected by a mechanical key  78 . After turning key  78  and inserting smart key  43  into a programming port  79  formed in station  77 , smart key button  80  is depressed, which due to the particular circuitry present in programming station  77  and through a wireless communication system, will program a unique SDC into key  43 . This SDC is randomly generated by the logic control circuit of unprogrammed station  77  the first time unprogrammed key  43  is placed in communication therewith. This unique SDC remains in the programming station throughout its life and is a single unique code that is always used in the particular retail establishment having station  77 . Thus, no other store even using a similar type of security system and programming station such as station  77 , will have the same SDC which is programmed into its security keys. This prevents a key from one store even if programmed, from being used in another store, even with a similar type of security system and alarm module as discussed above. 
   After key  43  has been programmed with the SDC, it is then taken to the individual alarm modules  1  as shown in  FIG. 10  and placed into key receiving port  37 . Upon actuation of control button  80 , key  43  will program the SDC into alarm module  1 , and in particular into SDC memory  55  through the wireless communication circuit  45 . This SDC is then stored permanently in the control logic circuit of alarm module  1 . The module will give visual and audio feedback through LED  59  and alarm  27  to indicate that the programming was successful. This programming of the SDC into module  1  together with the closing of switch  28  and the attaching of at least one sensor to product  70  will arm the alarm module. The alarm module also provides a flashing indication of LED  59  when attachment cable  69  is attached to an item of merchandise  70  with the electrical connection being provided by sense loop  67 . Should a thief violate the integrity of sense loop  67 , such as illegally removing merchandise  70  from cable  69  or removing the sense loop or the cable from alarm module  1  or interfering directly with the control logic circuit contained therein or removing security device  1  from support surface  5  and actuating plunger switch  28 , will cause alarm  27  to sound a preset chirping together with a flashing of LED. This chirping as discussed above, will be exceedingly loud due to the sound emitting space  47  being provided between base  3  and bottom housing member  13 . The alarm module will remain alarmed until a clerk attaches a correctly coded key  43  to alarm module  1 . The logic control circuit will verify that the proper disarming key is attached through the wireless communication system and disarm the unit. An audio indication is then given by alarm  27  by a different type of chirping sound indicating that the unit is now disarmed. 
   Should an improperly coded key  43 , for example, a key obtained from another store, be used with alarm unit  1 , the unit will continue in its current mode, armed or alarming. This arrangement ensures that only smart keys  43  which are programmed by the proper programming station  77  with the unique SDC for that particular retail establishment can be used with the alarm modules previously programmed with the unique SDC, again usable only at the single retail establishment. This prevents smart keys  43  from another store being used which may have been obtained illegally from the second store. 
   As discussed in greater detail in the above-referenced patent application covering the smart key, it preferably includes an internal timer, which after a preset time period, for example 96 hours, will invalidate the SDC previously programmed therein. This requires the key to be reactivated at the proper programming station  77  for subsequent use for disarming alarm module  1 . Thus a smart key  43  illegally obtained can only be used for a short period of time and only in the store containing the correct programming station for illegally disarming alarm module  1 . 
   In accordance with another feature of the invention, alarm module  1 , and in particular the control logic circuit  14  thereof, will contain a lifetime timer which has been previously configured at the time of manufacture to have a specific life, for example three or five years. The lifetime timer will start at the first receipt of the SDC from programming station  77 , and after the expiration of the preset time period, will completely shut down the logic control circuit making the alarm module  1  inoperative for further programming of an SDC therein until the battery is replaced. The time period has been previously calculated based upon the battery used therein to ensure that the alarm module will have sufficient battery power to be operable. 
   In addition to this lifetime timer, an additional counter is provided which keeps track of the cumulative alarming time that alarm  27  is actuated, since actuation of the alarm will cause drain of the internal battery. The amount of time that the alarm  27  is operated will be recorded by the counter and, through controller  53 , will automatically adjust the lifetime timer of the alarm module decreasing it according to a specific formula, to ensure that the alarm module has sufficient battery charge to be operable. For example, should the counter record 15 minutes of alarm time, it will reduce the end of life timer time period a specific amount, for example 6 months or 1 year etc. to ensure that the battery always has sufficient charge to be operable. 
   Furthermore, shortly before the lifetime timer reaches its end-of-life time out period, it will actuate a near end-of-life signal, for example five days prior to the end-of-life time out, such as flashing LED  59  with a specific flashing pattern and provide audible alarm  27  with a specific type of beep pattern, for example once every ten seconds. This near end-of-life signal will then alert the store personnel that the alarm module will be permanently deactivated within a relatively short period of time enabling the alarm unit to be replaced or the battery contained therein replaced with a fully charged battery. 
   The overall security system shown diagrammatically in  FIG. 10  in which alarm module  1  preferably will be utilized, can be of the type shown and described in further detail in a copending application filed concurrently herewith entitled, Security System And Method For Protecting Merchandise. The contents of this pending patent application as well as the patent applications covering the smart key  43  and programming station  77  are incorporated herein by reference. 
     FIG. 8  is a flow chart showing the various steps that the control logic circuit  14  of alarm module  1  follows when a smart key  43  is used with the control module and whether the end-of-life (EOL) time period had been reached, as well as the state of the sense loops attached thereto. 
   Although the above description refers to the security code being a disarm code, it is understood that the code can activate and control other functions and features of the security device such as unlocking the device from the product, shutting off an alarm etc. without departing from the concept of the invention. Likewise, the various components of the logic circuit and resulting flow charts can easily be modified by one skilled in the art to achieve the same results. Also, the security code can be preset in the programming station at the factory or chosen by the customer, and if desired, be changed later by the customer, also without affecting the concept of the invention. 
   In the foregoing description, certain terms have been used for brevity, clearness, and understanding. No unnecessary limitations are to be implied therefrom beyond the requirement of the prior art because such terms are used for descriptive purposes and are intended to be broadly construed. 
   Moreover, the description and illustration of the invention is an example and the invention is not limited to the exact details shown or described.