Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating senile dementia and preparation method thereof. The active ingredients of the pharmaceutical composition are prepared from raw medicinal materials comprising 20-50 parts by weight of  Epimedii  Folium and 15-55 parts by weight of  Poria ; or from raw medicinal materials comprising 20-50 parts by weight of  Epimedii  Folium, 15-55 parts by weight of  Poria  and 10-55 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax , or from raw medicinal materials 20-50 parts by weight of  Epimedii  Folium, 15-50 parts by weight of  Poria , 15-50 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax  and 6-15 parts by weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of the filing date PCT application No. PCT/CN2015/081950 filed on Jun. 19, 2015, which claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No, 201410280231.2 filed on Jun. 20, 2014, the disclosure of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present disclosure relates to pharmaceutical fields, and in particular to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating senile dementia and preparation method thereof. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    With accelerating of stepping into an aging society throughout the world, various gerontal neurodegenerative diseases, such as mild cognitive impairment, senile dementia and the like, have become major risk factors that threaten human health in later life and decrease life quality of old people, which brings about serious economic burden and heavy psychological pressure to the society and families. Senile dementia can be divided into Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD), vascular dementia, and a mixed dementia that the aforementioned two diseases coexist. Senile dementia is a primary degenerative brain disease occurring in or at the early stage of the geratic period, and is a persistent dysfunction of higher-order nervous activities. Clinically, it is manifested as worsening of cognitive and memory functions, progressive deterioration of daily life ability, as well as various symptoms such as neuropsychiatric, symptoms and behavior dysfunction. Senile dementia is a disease with relatively high incidence, and the data of the World Health Organzation shows that currently there are approximately 20 million older people suffering from senile dementia throughout the world, and it would expected that by 2020 there will be more than 30 million patients suffering from senile dementia throughout the world. Therefore, it is a research emphasis for medical workers of different countries throughout the world develop a drug for improving cognition impairment and treating senile dementia, which gains great attention from Chinese and western medical professions. 
         [0004]    Currently, drugs used for treating senile dementia mainly include an acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitor, an anti-immune-inflammation drug, a calcium ion antagonist, an antioxidant and the like. Such drugs approved by The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (US) include donepezil, galanthamine, nimodipine, memantine hydrochloride and the like. These drugs can only temporarily relieve the deterioration of cognitive functions of the patients, but cannot suspend the progression of Furthermore, some of the aforementioned drugs have adverse effects such as serious liver and kidney toxicities, and some of the aformentioned drugs are too expensive to be afforded by the patients and family members thereof. Thus, it still needs to develop a new drug with a good therapeutic effect, little toxic and side effects and an appropriate price. Recently, specialists and scholars from China and abroad turn their attention to traditional Chinese medicines and natural medicines, and attempt m conduct a research on treatment of senile dementia. The modern traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) believes that, senile dementia is a common gerontal disease characterized by deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, wherein the deficiency in origin is mainly caused by deficiency of the kidney essence, deficiency of marrow sea, and failure of lucid yang to rise; kidney deficiency is the root cause of senile dementia, and malnutrition of internal organs is closely related to the incidence of senile dementia. Therefore senile dementia is often treated by tonifying Kidney and strengthening essence. 
         [0005]    As recorded in Encyclopedia of Chinese herbal medicine,  Poria  has effects of removing dampness and promoting diuresis, and calming the heart and strengthening the spleen, which can be used to treat edema and oliguria, dizziness and palpitation due to fluid retention, deficiency of the spleen and lack of appetite, loose stool or diarrhoea, malaise, and palpitation due to fear and insomnia.  Acanthopanacis  Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma seu Caulis (also known as “ Acanthopanax  ”) has effects of invigorating qi and strengthening the spleen, and tonifying kidney and calming nerves, which is used treat Yang deficiency of both spleen and kidney, debilitation and hypodynamia, loss of appetite, waist and knee pain, insomnia and dreaminess.  Epimedii  Folium (also known as “ Epimedium ”) has effects of invigorating kidney and strengthening Yang; dispelling wind and eliminating dampness; strengthening muscles and bones, which is mainly used to treat impotence and spermatorrhea, deficient-cold-type infertility, frequent micturition and incontinence, kidney deficiency and cough with asthma, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, rheumatic arthralgia, hemiplegia, and insensitivity of the limbs.  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma has effects of clearing away heat and purging pathogenic fire, nourishing Yin and moistening dryness, and quenching thirst and relieving restlessness, which may be used to treat warm febrile diseases; high fever and polydipsia; cough or asthma; cough caused by dryness; constipation; osteopyrexia and fever; dysphoria and insomnia; and diabetes and stranguria with turbid discharge. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0006]    The present disclosure in one aspect provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing senile dementia, the active ingredients of which are prepared from raw medicinal materials comprising 20-50 parts by weight at  Epimedium  (i.e.  Epimedii  Folium) and 15-55 parts by weight at  Poria.    
         [0007]    The present disclosure in another aspect provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing senile dementia, the active ingredients of which are prepared from raw medicinal materials comprising 20-50 pans by weight of  Epimedium,  15-55 parts by weight of  Poria  and 10-55 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax , preferably from traditional Chinese medicinal materials comprising 20-30 parts by weight of  Epimedium,  20-45 parts by weight of  Poria  and 20-55 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax , more preferably from traditional Chinese medicinal materials comprising 30 parts by weight of  Epimedium,  30 parts by weight of  Poria  and 35 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax.    
         [0008]    The present disclosure in a further aspect provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing senile dementia, the active ingredients of which are prepared front raw medicinal materials comprising 20-50 parts by weight of  Epimedium,  15-50 parts by weight of  Poria,  15 -50 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax  and 6-15 parts by weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma, preferably from traditional Chinese medicinal material comprising 20-30 parts by weight of  Epimedium,  20-30 parts by weight of  Poria,  25-50parts by weight of  Acanthopanax  and 10-15 parts by weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma, more preferably from traditional Chinese medicinal materials comprising, 30 parts by weight of  Epimedium,  30 parts weight of  Poria,  25 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax  and 15 parts by weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma. 
         [0009]    In the above traditional Chinese medicinal materials,  Poria  may be replaced by  Poria  cum Radix Pini or  Polyporus ; and  Acanthopanax  may be replaced by  Acanthopanacis  Cortex ( Acanthopanax gracilistylus  W. W. Smith) or  Acanthopanacis  Senticosi Folium ( Acanthopanax senticosus  (Rupr.et Maxim.) Harms). 
         [0010]    In a still further aspect, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing said pharmaceutical compositions in which: 
         [0011]    said  Poria  can be processed by the following steps of extracting said weight parts of  Poria  with water 2-3 times each for 1-3 hours wherein the first extraction is carried out with water that is 6-10 times the weight of  Poria ; and the second and third extractions each are carried out with water that is 4-8 times the weight of  Poria ; filtering the resulting extract solution and concentrating h into a dry extract under reduced pressure; preferably said  Poria  processed by the following steps of extracting said weight parts of  Poria  with water 3 times each for 1hour wherein the first extraction is carried out with water that is 8 times the weight of  Poria ; and the second and third extractions each are carried out with water that is 6 times the weight of  Poria ; filtering the resulting extract solution and concentrating it into a dry extract under reduced pressure; 
         [0012]    said  Epimedium  can be processed by the following steps of extracting said parts of  Epimedium  with 30-70% ethanol solution 2-3 times each for 1-3 hours, wherein the first extraction is carried out with 30-70% ethanol solution that is 7-16 times the weight of  Epimedium ; and the second and third extractions each are carried out with 30-70% ethanol solution that is 4-12 times the weight of  Epimedium ; filtering the resulting extract solution and recovering ethanol under reduced pressure followed by concentrating it into a dry extract; preferably said  Epimedium  is processed by the following steps of extracting, said weight parts of  Epimedium  with 50% ethanol solution 3 times each for hour, wherein the first extraction is carried out with 50% ethanol solution that is 9 times the weight of  Epimedium ; the second extraction is carried out with 50% ethanol solution that is 7 times the weight of  Epimedium  and the third extraction is carried out with 50% ethanol solution that is 5 times the weight of  Epimedium ; filtering the resulting extract solution and recovering ethanol under reduced pressure followed by concentrating it into a dry extract; 
         [0013]    said  Acanthopanax  can be processed by the following steps of extracting said weight parts of  Acanthopanax  with water 2-3 times each for 1-3 hours wherein the first extraction is carried out with water that is 6-10 times the weight of  Acanthopanax ; and the second and third extractions each are carried out with water that is 4-8 times the weight of  Acanthopanax ; filtering the resulting extract solution and concentrating it into a dry extract under reduced pressure; preferably said  Acanthopanax  is processed by the following steps of extracting said weight parts of  Acanthopanax  with water 3 times each for 1 hour wherein the first extraction is carried out with water that is 8 times the weight of  Acanthopanax ; and the second and third extractions each are carried out with water that is 6 times the weight of  Acanthopanax ; filtering the resulting extract solution and concentrating it into a dry extract under reduced pressure; and 
         [0014]    said  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma can be processed by the following steps of placing said weight parts of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma into water that is 6-10 times the weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma, heating the water until it boils and then decocting  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma for 2-4 hours, removing and keeping the supernatant liquid, repeating the above process on the resulting residue again, and then filtering the combined extract solution followed by concentrating it into a dry extract; preferably said  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma is processed by the following steps of placing said weight parts of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma into water that is 6 times the weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma, heating the water until it boils and then decocting  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma for 2 hours, removing and keeping the supernatant liquid, repeating the extraction process on the resulting residue again, and then filtering the combined extract solution followed by concentrating it into a dry extract. 
         [0015]    In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the pharmaceutical composition comprising  Epimedium  and  Poria  is formed by uniformly mixing the above dried  Epimedium  extract and above dried  Poria  extract. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the pharmaceutical composition comprising  Epimedium, Poria  and  Acanthopanax  is formed by uniformly mixing the above dried  Epimedium  extract, above dried  Poria  extract and above dried  Acanthopanax  extract. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the pharmaceutical composition comprising  Epimedium, Poria, Acanthopanax  and  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma is formed by uniformly mixing the above dried  Epimedium  extract, above dried  Poria  extract, above dried  Acanthopanax  extract and above dried  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma extract. 
         [0016]    Moreover, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing said pharmaceutical compositions comprising  Epimedium, Poria  and  Acanthopanax , which process comprises the following steps: 
         [0017]    extracting said weight parts of  Poria  and said weight parts of  Acanthopanax , separately or in combination, with water 2-3 times each for 1-3 hours, wherein the first extraction is carried out with water that is 6-10 times by weight; and the second and third extractions each are carried out with water that is 4-8 times by weight; filtering the resulting extract solution and concentrating it into a dry extract under reduced pressure; preferably extracting a mixture of said weight parts of  Poria  and said weight parts of  Acanthopanax  with water 3 times, each for 1 hour wherein the first extraction is carried out with water that is 8 times the weight of the mixture; and the second and third extractions each are carried out with water that is 6 times the weight of the mixture; filtering the resulting extract solution and concentrating it into a dry extract under reduced pressure; 
         [0018]    extracting said weight parts of  Epimedium  with 30-70% ethanol solution 2-3 times each for 1-3 how&#39;s wherein the first extraction is carried out with 30-70% ethanol solution that is 7-16 times the weight of  Epimedium ; and the second and third extractions each are carried out with 30-70% ethanol solution that is 4-12times the wieght of  Epimedium ; filtering the resulting extract solution and recovering ethanol under reduced pressure followed by concentrating it into a dry extract; preferably extracting said weight parts of  Epimedium  with 50% ethanol solution 3 times each for 1 hour wherein the first extraction is carried out with 50% ethanol solution that is 9 times the weight of  Epimedium ; the second extraction is carried out with50% ethanol solution that is 7 times the weight of  Epimedium  and the third extraction is carried out with 50% ethanol solution that is 5 times the weight of  Epimedium ; filtering the resulting extract solution and recovering ethanol under reduced pressure followed by concentrating it into a dry extract; and 
         [0019]    uniformly mixing above two resulting extracts. 
         [0020]    Furthermore, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing said pharmaceutical composition comprising  Epimedium, Poria, Acanthopanax  and  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma, which process comprises the following steps: 
         [0021]    extracting said weight parts of  Poria  and said weight parts of  Acanthopanax  separately or in combination, with water 2-3 times each for 1-3 hours, wherein the first extraction is earned out with water that is 6-10 times by weight, and the second and third extractions each are carried out with water that is 4-8 times by weight filtering the resulting extract solution and concentrating it into a dry extract under reduced pressure; preferably extracting a mixture of said weight parts of  Poria  and said weight parts of  Acanthopanax  with water 3 times, each for 1 hour wherein the first extraction is carried out with water that is 8 times the weight of the mixture; and the second and the third extractions each are carried out with water that is 6 times the weight of the mixture; filtering the resulting extract solution and concentrating it into a dry extract under reduced pressure; 
         [0022]    extracting said weight parts of  Epimedium  with 30-70 ethanol solution 2-3 times each for 1-3 hours wherein the first extraction is carried out with 30-70% ethanol solution that is 7-16 times the weight of  Epimedium ; and the second and third extractions each are carried out with 30-70% ethanol solution that is 4-12 times the weight of  Epimedium ; filtering the resulting extract solution and recovering ethanol under reduced pressure followed by concentrating it into a dry extract; preferably extracting said weight parts of  Epimedium  with 50% ethanol solution 3 times each for hour wherein the first extraction is carried out with 50 ethanol solution that is 9 times the weight of  Epimedium ; the second extraction is carried out with 50% ethanol solution that is 7 times the weight of  Epimedium  and the third extraction is carried out with 50% ethanol solution that is 5 times the weight of  Epimedium ; filtering the resulting extract solution and recovering ethanol under reduced pressure followed by concentrating it into a dry extract; 
         [0023]    placing said weight parts of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma into water that is 6-10 times the weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma, heating the water until it boils and then decocting  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma for 2-4 hours, removing and keeping the supernatant liquid, repeating the extraction process on the resulting residue again, and then filtering the combined extract solution followed by concentrating it into a dry extract; preferably placing said weight parts of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma into water that is 6 times the weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma, heating the water until it boils and then decocting  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma for 2 hours, removing and keeping the supernatant liquid, repeating the extraction process on the resulting residue again, and then filtering the combined extract solution followed by concentrating it into a dry extract; and 
         [0024]    uniformly mixing above three resulting extracts. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition 
       [0025]    A. Extract from  Epimedium  (Pharmaceutical Composition A) 
         [0026]    3 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 50% ethanol solution 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 9 times the weight of  Epimedium , the second extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 7 times the weight of  Epimedium , and the third extraction was carried out 50% ethanol solution that was 5 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 
         [0027]    B. Extract from  Poria  (Pharmaceutical Composition B) 
         [0028]    3 Kg of  Poria  was extracted with water 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of  Poria , the second and third extractions each were carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of  Poria . The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 
         [0029]    C. Extract from  Acanthopanax  (Pharmaceutical Composition C) 
         [0030]    3 Kg of  Acanthopanax  was extracted with water 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of  Acanthopanax the second and third extractions each were carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of  Acanthopanax . The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure yielding 0.2 kg. 
         [0031]    D. Extract from  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma (Pharmaceutical Composition D) 
         [0032]    3 Kg of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma was added to water that was 6 times the weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma, the water was heated to boiling and  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma was decocted for 2 hours. After that, the supernatant liquid was removed and kept, and the above process was repeated on the resulting residue again. The resulting extract solutions were combined and filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 
         [0033]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition E consisting of 20 parts by weight of  Epimedium  and 50 parts by weight of  Poria    
         [0034]    5 Kg of  Poria  was extracted with water 3 times each for hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of  Poria , the second and third extractions each were carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of  Poria . The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 2 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 50% ethanel solution 3 times each for a hour. The first extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 9 times the weight of  Epimedium , the second extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 7 times the weight of  Epimedium , and the third extraction was carried out 50% ethanol solution that was 5 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. The above two resulting extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0035]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition F consisting of 40 parts by weight of  Epimedium  and 55 parts by weight of  Poria    
         [0036]    1.1 Kg of  Poria  was extracted with water 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of  Poria , the second and third extractions each were carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of  Poria , respectively. The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 0.8 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 50 % ethanol solution 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 9 times the weight of  Epimedium , the second extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 7 times the weight of  Epimedium , and the third extraction was carried out 50% ethanol solution that was 5 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. The above two resulting extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0037]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition F′ consisting of 40 parts by weight of  Epimedium  and 55 parts by weight of  Poria    
         [0038]    1.1 Kg of  Poria  was extracted with water 2 times each for 3 hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of  Poria , the second extraction was carried out with water that was 4 times the weight of  Poria . The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 1 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 70% ethanol solution 2 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with 70% ethanol solution that was 7 times the weight of  Epimedium  and the second extraction was carried out with 70% ethanol solution that was 4 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. The above two resulting extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0039]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition G consisting of 50 parts by weight of  Epimedium  and 15 parts by weight of  Poria.    
         [0040]    0.3 Kg of  Poria  was extracted with water 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of  Poria , and the second and third extractions each were carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of  Poria . The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 1 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 50% ethanol solution 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 9 times the weight of  Epimedium , the second extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 7 times the weight of  Epimedium , and the third extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 5 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered and ethanol was recovered under reduced pressure followed by concentrating it into a dry extract. The above two resulting extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0041]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition G′ consisting of 50 parts by weight of  Epimedium  and 15 parts by weight of  Poria    
         [0042]    0.3 Kg of  Poria  was extracted with water 2 times each for 3 hours. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 10 times the weight of  Poria  and the second extractions was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of  Poria . The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 1 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 30% etanol soluction 2 times each for 3 hours. The first extraction was carried out with 30% ethanol solution that was 16 times the weight of  Epimedium  and the second extraction was carried out with 30% ethanol solution that was 12 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure after recovering ethanol. The above two resulting extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0043]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition H consisting of 50 parts by weight of  Epimedium,  15 parts by weight of  Poria  and 10 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax    
         [0044]    1 Kg  Acanthopanax  was extracted with water 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of  Acanthopanax  and the second and third extractions each were carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of  Acanthopanax . The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure, 1.5 Kg of Paris was extracted with water 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of  Poria  and the second and third extractions each were carried out with water that was 6 times the weight at  Poria . The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extra under reduced pressure. 5 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 50% ethanol solution 3 times each or 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with 30% ethanol solution that was 9 times the of  Epimedium , the second extraction was carried out with 50%, ethanol solution that was 7 times the weight of  Epimedium  and the third extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 5 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered, ethanol was recovered from the solution under reduced pressure and then the solution was concentrated into a dry extract The above resulting three extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0045]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition H′ consisting of 50 parts by weight of  Epimedium,  15 parts by weight of  Poria  and 10 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax.    
         [0046]    1 Kg of  Acanthopanax  was extracted with water 2 times each for 1hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of  Acanthopanax  and the second and third extractions each were carried out with water that was 4 times the weight of  Acanthopanax . The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 1.5 Kg of  Poria  was extracted with water 2 times each for 3 hours. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of  Poria  and the second extraction was carried out with water that was 4 times the weight of  Poria . The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 5 Kg of  Epimedium  extracted with 70% ethanol solution 2 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with 70% ethanol solution that was 7 times the weight of  Epimedium  and the second extraction was carried out with 70% ethanol solution that was 4 tims the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered, ethanol was recovered from the solution under reduced pressure and then the solution was concentrated into a dry extract. The above resulting three extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0047]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition I consisting of 25 parts by weight of  Epimedium,  45 parts by weight of  Poria  and 25 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax    
         [0048]    A mixture of 9 kg of  Poria  and 5 kg of  Acanthopanax  was extracted 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of the mixture and the second and third extractions each were carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of the mixture. The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 5 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 50% ethanol solution 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 9 times the weight of  Epimedium , the second extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 7 times the weight of  Epimedium  and the third extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 5 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered, ethanol was recovered from the solution under reduced pressure and then the solution was concentrated into a dry extract. The above resulting two extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0049]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition J consisting of 30 parts by weight of  Epimedium.  30 parts by weight of  Poria  and 35 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax    
         [0050]    A mixture of 3 kg  Poria  and 3.5 kg of  Acanthopanax  was extracted 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of the mixture and the second and third extractions each were carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of the mixture. The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 3 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 50% ethanol solution 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 9 times the weight of  Epimedium , the second extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 7 times the weight of  Epimedium  and the third extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 5 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered, ethanol was recovered from the solution under reduced pressure and then the solution was concentrated into a dry extract The above resulting two extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0051]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition K consisting of 20 parts by weight  Epimedium,  40 parts by weight of  Poria  and 55 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax    
         [0052]    A mixture of 0.8 kg of  Poria  and 1.1 kg of  Acanthopanax  was extracted 3 times each for 1hour The first transaction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of the mixture and the second and third extractions each were carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of the mixture. The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 0.4 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 50% ethanol solution3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 9 times the weight of  Epimedium , the second extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution mat was 7 times the weight of  Epimedium  and the third extraction was carried out with 50 ethanol solution that was 5 times the weight t  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered, ethanol was recovered from the solution under reduced pressure and then the solution was concentrated into a dry extract. The above resulting two extracts mixed uniformly, 
         [0053]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition L consisting of 20 parts by weight of  Epimedium,  55 parts by weight of  Poria  and 20 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax    
         [0054]    A mixture of 1.1 kg of  Poria  and 0.4 kg of  Acanthopanax  was extracted 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of the mixture and the second and third extractions each were carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of the mixture. The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 0.4 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 50% ethonal solution 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with 50 ethanol solution that was 9 times the weight of  Epimedium , the second extraction was cameo nut with  50 % ethanol solution that was  7  times the weight ot  Epimedium  and the third extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 5 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered, ethanol was recovered from the solution under reduced pressure and then the solution was concentrated into a dry extract. The above resulting two extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0055]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition L′ consisting of 20 parts by weight of  Epimeidum,  55 parts by weight of  Poria  and 20 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax    
         [0056]    A mixture of 1.1 kg of  Poria  and 0.4 kg of  Acanthopanax  was extracted 2 times each for 3 hours. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 10 times the weight of the mixture and the second extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of the mixture. The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 0.4 kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 30% ethanol solution 2 times each for 3 hours. The first extraction was carried out with 30% ethanol solution that was 16 times the weight of  Epimedium , the second and third extractions each were carried out with 30% ethanol solution that was 12 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered, ethanol was recovered from the solution under reduced pressure and then the solution was concentrated into a dry extract. The above resulting two extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0057]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition M consisting of 50 parts by weight of  Epimedium,  15 parts by weight of  Poria  15 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax  and 15 parts by weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma. 
         [0058]    A mixture of 3 kg of  Poria  and 3 kg of  Acanthopanax  was extracted 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of the mixture and the second and third extractions each were carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of the mixture. The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under pressure. 10 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 50% ethanol solution 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 9 times the weight of  Epimedium , the second extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 7 times the weight of  Epimedium , and the third extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 5 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered, ethanol was recovered from the solution under reduced pressure and then the solution was concentrated into a dry extract. 3 Kg of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma was added to water that was 6 times the weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma, the water was heated to boiling and  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma was decocted for 2 hours. After that the supernatant liquid was removed and kept, and the above process was repeated on the resulting residue again. Then the combined extract solution was filtered and concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. The above resulting three extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0059]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition M′consisting of 50 parts by weight of  Epimedium,  15 parts by weight of  Poria  15 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax  and 15 parts by weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma 
         [0060]    A mixture of said parts by weight of  Poria  and said parts by weight of  Acanthopanax  was extracted 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of the mixture and the second and third extractions each ere carried out with water that was 4 times the weight of the mixture. The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure.  Epimedium  in above parts by weight was extracted with 30% ethanol solution 3 times each for 3 hours. The first extraction was carried out with 30% ethanol solution that was 16 times the weight of  Epimedium , the second and third extractions each were carried out with 30% ethanol solution that was 12 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered, ethanol was recovered from the solution under reduced pressure and then the solution was concentrated into a dry extract.  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma in said parts by weight was added to water that was 6 times the weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma, the water was heated to boiling and  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma was decocted for 2 hours. After that the supernatant was taken, the above process was repeated on the resulting residue again. Then the combined extract solutions was filtered and concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. The above resulting three extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0061]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition N consisting of 25 parts by weight of  Epimedium,  30 parts by weight of  Poria  30 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax  and 10 parts by weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma 
         [0062]    A mixture of 6 kg of  Poria  and 6 kg of  Acanthopanax  was extracted 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of the mixture and the second and third extractions each were carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of the mixture. The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 5 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 50% ethanol solution 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 9 times the weight of  Epimedium , the second extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 7 times the weight of  Epimedium , and the third extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 5 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered, ethanol was recovered from the solution under reduced pressure and then the solution was concentrated into a dry extract. 2 Kg of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma was added to water that was 6 times the weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma, the water was heated to boiling and  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma was decocted for 2 hours. After that the supernatant was removed and kept, and the above process was repeated on the resulting residue again. Then the combined extract solution was filtered and concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. The above resulting three extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0063]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition O consisting of 30 parts by weight of  Epimedium,  30 parts by weight of  Poria  25 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax  15 parts by weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma 
         [0064]    A mixture of 6 kg of  Poria  and 5 kg of  Acanthopanax  was extracted 3 times each for hour 1 hour. The extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of the mixture and the second and third extractions each were carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of the mixture. The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 6 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 50% ethanol solution 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 9 times the weight of  Epimedium , the second extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 7 times the weight of  Epimedium , and the third extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 5 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered, ethanol was recovered from the solution under reduced pressure and then the solution was concentrated into a dry extract. 3 Kg of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma was added to water that was 6 times the weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma, the water was heated to boiling and  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma was decocted for 2 hours. After that the supernatant was removed and kept, and the above process was repeated on the resulting residue again. Then the combined extract solution was filtered and concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. The above resulting three extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0065]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition P consisting of 20 parts by weight of  Epimedium,  20 parts by weight of  Poria  50 parts by weight of  Acanthopanax  and 12 parts by weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma 
         [0066]    A mixture of 2 kg of  Poria  and 5 kg of  Acanthopanax  was, extracted 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of the mixture and the second and third extractions each were carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of the mixture. The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 2 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 50% ethanol solution 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 9 times the weight of  Epimedium , the second extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 7 times the weight of  Epimedium , and the third extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 5 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered, ethanol was recovered from the solution under reduced pressure and then the solution was concentrated into a dry extract. 1.2 Kg of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma was added to water that was 6 times weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma, the water was heated to boiling and  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma decocted for 2 hours. After that the supernatant was removed and kept, and the above process was repeated on the resulting residue again. Then the combined extract solution was filtered and concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. The above resulting three extracts mixed uniformly. 
         [0067]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition Q consisting of 20 parts by weight of  Epimedium,  50 parts by weight of  Poria  24 by weight of  Acanthopanax  and 6 parts by weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma 
         [0068]    A mixture of 5 kg of  Poria  and 2.4 kg of  Acanthopanax  was extracted 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of the mixture and the second and third extraction each were carried out with water that was 6 times the weight of the mixture. The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 2.0 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 50% ethonal solution 3 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 9 times the weight of  Epimedium , the second extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 7 times the weight of  Epimedium , and the third extraction was carried out with 50% ethanol solution that was 5 time the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered, ethanol was recovered from the solution under reduced pressure and then the solution was concentrated into a dry extract. 0.6 Kg of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma was added to water that was 6 times the weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma, the water was heated to boiling and  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma was decocted for 2 hours. After that the supernatant was removed and kept, and the above process was repeated on the resulting residue again. Then the combined extract solution was filtered and concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. The above resulting three extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0069]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition Q′ consisting of 20 part by weight of  Epimedium,  50 part by weight of  Poria  24 part by weight of  Acanthopanax  and 6 parts by weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma 
         [0070]    A mixture of 5 kg of  Poria  and 2.4 of  Acanthopanax  was extracted 2 times each for 3 hours. The first extraction was carried out with water that was 10 times the weight of the mixture and the second extraction was carried out with water that was 8 times the weight of the mixture. The resulting extract solution was filtered and then concentrated into a dry extract under reduced pressure. 2.0 Kg of  Epimedium  was extracted with 70% ethanol solution 2 times each for 1 hour. The first extraction was carried out with 70% ethanol solution that was 7 times the weight of  Epimedium  and the second extraction was carried out with 70% ethanol solution that was 4 times the weight of  Epimedium . The resulting extract solution was filtered, ethanol was recovered front the solution under reduced pressure and then the solution was concentrated into a dry extract. 0.6 Kg of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma was added to water that was 10 times the weight of  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma, the water was heated to boiling and  Anemarrhenae  Rhizoma was decocted for 4 hours. After that the supernatant was removed and kept, and the above process was repeated on the resulting residue again. Then the combined extract solution was filtered and concentrated into a dry extract udder reduced pressure. The above resulting three extracts were mixed uniformly. 
         [0071]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition R 
         [0072]    The preparation process was the same as that of Pharmaceutical Composition J with the exception that  Poria  was replaced by  Poria  cum Radix Pini. 
         [0073]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition S 
         [0074]    The preparation process was the same as that of Pharmaceutical Composition J with the exception that  Poria  was replaced by  Polyporus.    
         [0075]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition T 
         [0076]    The preparation process was the same as that of Pharmaceutical Composition J with the extraction that  Acanthopanax  was replaced by  Acanthopanacis  Cortex. 
         [0077]    Preparation of Pharmaceutical Composition U 
         [0078]    The preparation process was the same as that of Pharmaceutical Composition J with the exception that  Acanthopanax  was replaced by  Acanthopanacis  Senticosi Folium, 
         [0079]    As stated above, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition with a simple formulation, which may be used for treating or preventing senile dementia with definite curative effects. 
       EXAMPLE 2 
     Effect on Learning and Memory in Rats using Scopolamine-Induced Model 
       [0080]    1 Materials
   Materials: Morris water maze device available from Tai Meng Technology Co. LTD, Chengdu City, China, DT 200 jump platform available from Tai Meng Technology Co. LTD, Chengdu City, China, Scopolamine Hydrobromide injection (Scop) available from Hua Yida Technology Co, LTD, Wuhan City, China, and Donepezil Hydrochloride available from Eisai China Inc., China, specification: 5 mg, batch No. 120829A were used.   5 Animals: SD Male rats, available from Da Shuo Biological Technology Co. LTD, Chengdu City, China, were used.   
 
         [0083]    2. Testing Method 
         [0084]    Animal Grouping and Administration 
         [0085]    Rats were randomly divided into Normal control group, Scop Model group, Positive control group (Donepezil, 1.17 mg/kg) and Experimental group (administered with a pharmaceutical composition of Example 1 in an amount of 11.08 g raw medicinal materials per kg body weight). Before experiments, rats were fed by intragastric administration for weeks. The normal control group and the model group were fed the same-volume of distilled water. On day 9, rats were trained in the pool of Morris 2 times per day. On day 14, rats were subjected to do Morris water Maze and jump platform testing. 
         [0086]    Model Establishment and Learning and Memory Test 
         [0087]    On experiment day, rats were intragastrically administered. 30 Minutes later, they were administered with scopolamine hydrobromide (HBr) by intraperitoneal injections (2 mg·kg −1  for two days and then 1 mg ·kg −1  on day 3). 20 Minutes later, rats were subjected to Morris water Maze testing. The normal control group was intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of saline. Their swimming performance was tracked and recorded by a camera. The file travel path, time spent and speed of movement of rats in 90 s were recorded by a computer automatically, and the swimming distance and escape latency finding one platform were calculated. Jump platform experiment: rats were trained an day one, and subjected to testing on day 2. 20 Minutes before testing, rats were intraperitoneally injected with scopolamine HBr in 5 mg·kg −1 . The first step down latency (SDL) and escape latency (the time required to escape from electric shock, EL) of rats were recorded. 
         [0088]    3 . Results 
         [0089]    Effect on Morris water Maze Tests of Rats using Scopolamine Induced Dysmnesia Model 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect on Morris water maze test ( x  ± s) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Number of 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 animals 
               
               
                 Groups 
                 (n) 
                 Escape latency(s) 
                 Distance (cm) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Normal control 
                 10 
                  18.86 ± 6.03** 
                   540.46 ± 100.24** 
               
               
                 Model control 
                 10 
                 49.63 ± 9.15  
                 2173.42 ± 388.11 
               
               
                 Positive control 
                 10 
                  37.27 ± 9.46** 
                  1647.50 ± 286.35** 
               
               
                 Composition A 
                 10 
                 41.69 ± 9.13  
                 1897.60 ± 337.12 
               
               
                 Composition B 
                 10 
                 41.42 ± 10.80 
                 1896.44 ± 298.22 
               
               
                 Composition C 
                 10 
                 42.82 ± 10.06 
                 1875.75 ± 272.57 
               
               
                 Composition D 
                 10 
                 42.27 ± 8.60  
                 1868.96 ± 293.34 
               
               
                 Composition E 
                 10 
                 40.65 ± 8.87* 
                  1794.70 ± 333.61* 
               
               
                 Composition F 
                 10 
                 40.51 ± 8.62* 
                  1826.32 ± 251.11* 
               
               
                 Composition G 
                 10 
                 40.10 ± 8.71* 
                  1792.36 ± 279.36* 
               
               
                 Composition J 
                 10 
                  35.23 ± 8.20** 
                  1644.08 ± 342.53** 
               
               
                 Composition O 
                 10 
                  34.66 ± 10.37** 
                  1641.50 ± 226.13** 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Compared with the model control group, 
               
               
                 *P &lt; 0.05 and 
               
               
                 **P &lt; 0.01. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0090]    The data in Table 1 clearly demonstrate that the Morris water maze test, the performance of Scop induced dysmnesia model rats were improved by using pharmaceutical compositions A, B, C and D although not obvious (P&gt;0.05). Different improvements were achieved when using all other pharmaceutical compositions, in which the use of composition J and composition O produced the most obvious improvement, and the difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.01). 
         [0091]    Effect on Rats Jump Platform Test Using Scopolamine Induced Dysmnesia Model 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect on rats in jump platform test( x  ± s) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Number of 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Groups 
                 animals(n) 
                 SDL(s) 
                 EL(s) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Normal control 
                 10 
                  100.60 ± 14.26** 
                   59.41 ± 11.80** 
               
               
                 Model control 
                 10 
                 16.04 ± 7.22 
                 130.63 ± 19.46 
               
               
                 Positive control 
                 10 
                   28.67 ± 11.70** 
                  109.17 ± 11.17** 
               
               
                 Composition A 
                 10 
                 22.23 ± 7.69 
                 116.13 ± 15.71 
               
               
                 Composition B 
                 10 
                 20.86 ± 7.00 
                 115.96 ± 13.43 
               
               
                 Composition C 
                 10 
                 21.93 ± 6.72 
                 119.95 ± 12.52 
               
               
                 Composition D 
                 10 
                 22.76 ± 7.60 
                 119.81 ± 13.66 
               
               
                 Composition E 
                 10 
                  24.09 ± 5.97* 
                  113.70 ± 13.00* 
               
               
                 Composition F 
                 10 
                  24.61 ± 7.37* 
                  113.50 ± 12.59* 
               
               
                 Composition G 
                 10 
                  24.26 ± 6.94* 
                  113.52 ± 11.72* 
               
               
                 Composition J 
                 10 
                  27.71 ± 6.04** 
                  108.98 ± 13.41** 
               
               
                 Composition O 
                 10 
                  27.83 ± 5.67** 
                  108.67 ± 12.50** 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Compared with the model control group, 
               
               
                 *P &lt; 0.05 and 
               
               
                 **P &lt; 0.01. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0092]    The data in Table 2 clearly demonstrate that in the rats jump platform test, the performance of Scop induced dysmnesia model rats were improved by using pharmaceutical compositions A, B, C and D although not obvious (P&gt;0.05). Different improvements were achieved when using all other pharmaceutical compositions, in which composition J and composition O produced the most obvious improvement, and the difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.01). 
       EXAMPLE 3 
     Effect on Learning and Memory of APPswe Transgenic Mice 
       [0093]    1. Materials
   Material: Morris water maze device available from Tai Meng Technology Co. LTD, Chengdu City, China, Home-made Object Recognition device; and Donepezil Hydrochloride available from Eisai China Inc., Specification 5 mg, batch number 120829A, were used.   Animals: APPswe transgenic mice in 5 months, available from Nanjing animal model institute, were used.   
 
         [0096]    Testing Method 
         [0097]    Animal Grouping and Administration 
         [0098]    APPswe transgenic mice, half male and half female, were randomly divided to four groups: model control group, positive control group (donepezil, 1.67 mg-kg −1 ), experimental group (administered with a pharmaceutical composition of Example 1 in an amount of 15.83 g raw medicinal materials per kg body weight). APPswe mice with the same background and age (available from Nanjing animal model institute, without expression of human presenilin and amyloid precursor protein, and without suffering senile dementia) were used as the normal control group. Each group was given the corresponding drugs by intragastric administration and the normal control group and model control group were given distilled water of the same volume, once a day for 30 days. 
         [0099]    Morris Water Maze Test 
         [0100]    On day 25 to day 29 after administration, mice in each group were trained for water maze, 2 times per day, 1 hour after the last administration, the location of the platform remained unchanged and the escape latency and swimming path of the mice for finding the platform were recorded by an automatic camera in which the maximum latency time was set as 120 s. The recording automatically stopped alter 120 s. 
         [0101]    Object Recognition Test
       In light of animal&#39;s habit of “loving the new and loathing the old”, a home-made object recognition device was use for detection of animal learning and memory ability. The first day is the adaptation phase, during which mice were put in carton with good lighting and allowed to adapt to it and freely move for about 10 min. The second day is the familiar phase, during which two same toys were put in a box and mice were placed in the box for 10 min. Exploration time to each object was recorded. The third day is the recognition phase, during which another object was placed the box to replace one toy and exploration time to each object was recorded. The resolution index to the new toy in each group was calculated according to the following formula:       
 
         [0000]      Resolution index=(the time to the new object−the time to the old object)/(the time to the new object+the time to the object).
 
         [0103]    3. Results 
         [0104]    1) Effect on APPswe Mice Water Maze Test 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect on Morris water maze test( x  ± s) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Number of 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Groups 
                 animals(n) 
                 Escape latency(s) 
                 Distance (cm) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Normal control 
                 10 
                 50.50 ± 9.42** 
                 479.24 ± 94.26** 
               
               
                 Model control 
                 10 
                 86.14 ± 14.30  
                 982.81 ± 160.96  
               
               
                 Positive control 
                 10 
                  68.23 ± 12.00** 
                  783.50 ± 145.12** 
               
               
                 Composition A 
                 10 
                 73.07 ± 14.43  
                 840.02 ± 152.86  
               
               
                 Composition B 
                 10 
                 74.16 ± 13.58  
                 847.45 ± 157.24  
               
               
                 Composition C 
                 10 
                 74.70 ± 10.82  
                 842.36 ± 149.22  
               
               
                 Composition D 
                 10 
                 74.01 ± 12.56  
                 843.20 ± 148.06  
               
               
                 Composition H 
                 10 
                 69.54 ± 13.39* 
                 790.90 ± 146.33* 
               
               
                 Composition I 
                 10 
                  66.70 ± 14.48** 
                  759.20 ± 162.61** 
               
               
                 Composition J 
                 10 
                  64.16 ± 13.16** 
                  751.08 ± 175.17** 
               
               
                 Composition K 
                 10 
                  65.08 ± 12.40** 
                  755.08 ± 146.47** 
               
               
                 Composition L 
                 10 
                 68.93 ± 16.66* 
                 792.65 ± 192.96* 
               
               
                 Composition R 
                 10 
                 68.50 ± 15.32* 
                 786.33 ± 154.35* 
               
               
                 Composition S 
                 10 
                 68.87 ± 14.35* 
                 795.12 ± 142.72* 
               
               
                 Composition T 
                 10 
                 68.92 ± 13.03* 
                 786.96 ± 164.43* 
               
               
                 Composition U 
                 10 
                 69.34 ± 12.34* 
                 803.46 ± 172.33* 
               
               
                 Composition M 
                 10 
                 67.58 ± 15.21* 
                 776.10 ± 183.60* 
               
               
                 Composition N 
                 10 
                  63.98 ± 11.06** 
                  744.57 ± 157.55** 
               
               
                 Composition O 
                 10 
                  61.56 ± 15.11** 
                  736.28 ± 149.50** 
               
               
                 Composition P 
                 10 
                  62.26 ± 11.83** 
                  747.78 ± 144.17** 
               
               
                 Composition Q 
                 10 
                 68.77 ± 13.66* 
                 782.94 ± 156.02* 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Compared with the model control group, 
               
               
                 *P &lt; 0.05 and 
               
               
                 **P &lt; 0.01. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0105]    The data in Table 3 clearly demonstrate that in the Morris water Maze test, the performance of Appswe mice were improved by using pharmaceutical compositions A, B, C and D although not obvious (P&gt;0.05). Different improvements were achieved when using all other pharmaceutical compositions, and compared with the model control group, the difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.01˜0.15). 
         [0106]    2) Effect on APPswe Mice Object Recognition Test 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect on object recognition test( x  ± s) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Groups 
                 Number of animals (n) 
                 Resolution index 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Normal control 
                 10 
                 0.304 ± 0.131** 
               
               
                   
                 Model control 
                 10 
                 0.105 ± 0.044  
               
               
                   
                 Positive control 
                 10 
                 0.176 ± 0.051** 
               
               
                   
                 Composition A 
                 10 
                 0.147 ± 0.053  
               
               
                   
                 Composition B 
                 10 
                 0.146 ± 0.061  
               
               
                   
                 Composition C 
                 10 
                 0.152 ± 0.058  
               
               
                   
                 Composition D 
                 10 
                 0.147 ± 0.049  
               
               
                   
                 Composition H 
                 10 
                 0.174 ± 0.074*  
               
               
                   
                 Composition I 
                 10 
                 0.188 ± 0.064** 
               
               
                   
                 Composition J 
                 10 
                 0.197 ± 0.078** 
               
               
                   
                 Composition K 
                 10 
                 0.184 ± 0.055** 
               
               
                   
                 Composition L 
                 10 
                 0.175 ± 0.067*  
               
               
                   
                 Composition R 
                 10 
                 0.169 ± 0.074*  
               
               
                   
                 Composition S 
                 10 
                 0.166 ± 0.056*  
               
               
                   
                 Composition T 
                 10 
                 0.168 ± 0.072*  
               
               
                   
                 Composition U 
                 10 
                 0.169 ± 0.080*  
               
               
                   
                 Composition M 
                 10 
                 0.175 ± 0.075*  
               
               
                   
                 Composition N 
                 10 
                 0.196 ± 0.045** 
               
               
                   
                 Composition O 
                 10 
                 0.201 ± 0.055** 
               
               
                   
                 Composition P 
                 10 
                 0.197 ± 0.062** 
               
               
                   
                 Composition Q 
                 10 
                 0.174 ± 0.079*  
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Compared with the model control group, 
               
               
                   
                 *P &lt; 0.05 and 
               
               
                   
                 **P &lt; 0.01. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0107]    The data in Table 4 clearly demonstrate that the exploration time of Appswe mice was improved by using pharmaceutical compositions A, B, C and D although not obvious (P&gt;0.05). Different improvements on exploration time of Appswe mice were achieved when using all other pharmaceutical compositions, and compared with model control group, the difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.01˜0.15). 
       EXAMPLE 4 
     Effect on Learning and Memory in Mice Using Scopolamine-Induced Model 
       [0108]    Materials
   Materials: Morris water maze device available from Tai Meng Technology Co. LTD, Chengdu City China, DT-200 jump platform available from Tai Meng Technology LTD, Chengdu City China, scopolamine HBr injection (Scop) available from Hua Yida Medical Technology Co, LTD, Wuhan City, China, and Donepezil Hydrochloride available from Eisai Inc., China, specification: 5 mg, batch No. 120829A were used.   Animals: KM mice, available from Da Shuo Technology Co. LTD, Chengdu City, China, were used.   
 
         [0111]    2. Testing Method 
         [0112]    Animal Grouping and Administration 
         [0113]    Mice were randomly divided into Normal control group, Scop Model group, Positive control group (Donepezil, 1.67 mg/kg) and Experimental group (administered with a pharmaceutical composition of Example 1, in a dosage of 31.66 g raw medicinal materials/kg for composition A, B and C, and in a high dosage of 31.66 g raw medicinal material/kg, a middle dosage of 15.83 g raw medicinal materials/kg and a low dosage of 7.92 g raw medicinal materials/kg for composition J). Before experiments, mice of experimental group were fed by intragastric administration of a pharmaceutical composition for 2 weeks, while the normal control group and the model group were fed the same volume of distilled water. On this 9, mice were trained in the pool of Morris, 2 times per day. On day 14, mice were subjected to Morris water Maze testing 
         [0114]    Model Establishment and Learning and Memory Test 
         [0115]    On experiment day, mice were fed by intragastric administration. 30 Minutes later, they were administered with Scop in a dosage of 3 mg·kg −1  via intraperitoneal injection. 20 Minutes later, the mice were subjected to Morris water Maze testing. The normal control group was intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of saline. The swimming performance of mice was tracked and recorded by a camera. The travel path, time spent and speed of movement of mice in 300 s were recorded by a computer automatically. The maximum latency was set as 300 s. The recording stopped after 300 s. The escape latency and swimming distance for looking for the platform were recorded. 
         [0116]    3. Results 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect on Mice in Morris water Maze test( x  ± s) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Number of 
                   
                 Swimming 
               
               
                 Groups 
                 animals (n) 
                 Escape latency(s) 
                 Distance (cm) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Normal control 
                 10 
                  92.09 ± 10.74** 
                 2052.09 ± 232.41** 
               
               
                 Model control 
                 10 
                 176.54 ± 18.74  
                 3646.54 ± 574.35  
               
               
                 Positive control 
                 10 
                 141.42 ± 25.85** 
                 2738.70 ± 534.75** 
               
               
                 Composition A 
                 10 
                 154.88 ± 28.38  
                 2920.88 ± 601.84*  
               
               
                 Composition B 
                 10 
                 157.59 ± 25.91  
                 3104.59 ± 396.84*  
               
               
                 Composition C 
                 10 
                 154.28 ± 22.05*  
                 3148.28 ± 589.34  
               
               
                 Composition J 
                 10 
                 133.55 ± 28.98** 
                 2453.55 ± 511.18** 
               
               
                 (high dosage) 
               
               
                 Composition J 
                 10 
                 136.95 ± 28.74** 
                 2576.95 ± 527.11** 
               
               
                 (middle dosage) 
               
               
                 Composition J 
                 10 
                 149.26 ± 24.82*  
                 2989.66 ± 530.04*  
               
               
                 (low dosage) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Compared with the model control group, 
               
               
                 *P &lt; 0.05 and 
               
               
                 **P &lt; 0.01. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0117]    The data in Table 5 clearly demonstrate that in the Morris water maze test, various compositions produced different improvements on the performance of Scop induced dysmnesia model mice, in which composition J in the high, middle and low dosage produced the most obvious improvement and the difference was significant statistically (P&lt;0.01˜0.05). 
       EXAMPLE 5 
     Clinical Trial Study 
       [0118]    1. Selection of Subjects: 
         [0119]    1.1 Diagnostic Criteria; 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Core diagnostic criteria, supportive features and exclusion criteria 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Core diagnostic criteria 
               
               
                 A. Presence of an early and significant episodic memory impairment that includes the 
               
               
                 following features: 
               
               
                 1. Gradual and progressive change in memory function reported by patients or informants 
               
               
                 over more than 6 months 
               
               
                 2. Objective evidence of significantly impaired episodic memory on testing: this generally 
               
               
                 consists of recall deficit that does not improve significantly or does not normalise with 
               
               
                 clue or recognition testing and after effective encoding of previously control information 
               
               
                 3. The episodic memory impairment can be isolated or associated with other cognitive 
               
               
                 changes at the onset of AD or as AD advances 
               
               
                 Supportive features 
               
               
                 B. Presence of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) 
               
               
                 Volume loss of hippocampi, entorhinal cortex, amygdala evidenced on MRI with 
               
               
                 qualitative ratings using visual scoring (referenced to well characterized population with 
               
               
                 age norms) or quantitative volumetry of regions of interest (referenced to well 
               
               
                 characterized population with age norms) 
               
               
                 C. Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid biomarker 
               
               
                 Low amyloid β 1-42  concentrations, increased total tau concentrations, or increased 
               
               
                 phospho-tau concentrations, or combinations of the three 
               
               
                 Other well validated markers to be discovered in the future 
               
               
                 D. Specific pattern on functional neuroimaging with PET 
               
               
                 Reduced glucose metabolism in bilateral temporal parietal regions 
               
               
                 Other well validated ligands, including those that foreseeably will emerge such as 
               
               
                 Pittsburg compound B or FDDNP 
               
               
                 E. Proven AD autosomal dominant mutation within the immediate family 
               
               
                 Exclusion criteria 
               
               
                 History 
               
               
                 Sudden onset 
               
               
                 Early occurrence of the following symptoms: gait disturbances, seizures, behavioural 
               
               
                 changes 
               
               
                 Clinical features 
               
               
                 Focal neurological features including hemiparesis, sensory loss, visual field deficits 
               
               
                 Early extrapyramidal signs 
               
               
                 Other medical disorder severe enough to account for memory and related symptoms 
               
               
                 Non-AD dementia 
               
               
                 Major depression 
               
               
                 Cerebrovascular disease 
               
               
                 Toxic and metabolic abnormalities, all of which may require specific investigations 
               
               
                 MRI FLAIR or T2 signal abnormalities in the medial temporal lobe that are consistent 
               
               
                 with infectious or vascular insults 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0120]    1.2. Inclusion Criteria:
   (1) 60 Years of age or older, male or female.   (2) Meeting the diagnostic criteria of AD, and also meeting the above criteria of TCM syndromes.   (3) Degree of education above the primary school.   (4) Without stroke history.   (5) Hachiski ischemic score (HIS) of below 4 points.   (6) Clear and definite Brain MR (with brain atrophy and with out other cranial lesions).   (7) MMSE score: 9˜24 scores for middle school or higher; and 9˜20 scores for primary school; CDR score: mild to moderate patients with 1 or 2 scores.   (8) Patients who have not taken any medicines for treating dementia for more than 1 week.   
 
         [0129]    1.3 Exclusion Criteria:
   (1) Patients who are subjected to severe cardiac or cerebral vascular diseases, sever liver or kidney disease, or pulmonary infection.   (2) Patients who can&#39;t cooperate with the treatment or are subjected to drug allergy.   (3) Patients who are subjected to severe depression (as demonstrated by depression table).   (4) Patients who are subjected to vascular dementia (VD), Parkinson disease dementia (PDD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) or the like.   (5) Severe AD patients or patients who are subjected to severe neurological impairment so that inspection cannot be completed.   (6) Patients are taking Aricept, Memantine, Huperzine A, Nimoldipine,  Ginseng, Ginkgo folium , saffron or the like currently or with 1 week.   
 
         [0136]    1.4 Removal or Failure Criteria:
   (1) Patients who have poor medication compliance or fail to take medicine for more than 1 month.   (2) Patients who are subjected to serious diseases and have to stay in hospital.   (3) Patients who do not meet the inclusion criteria but have been mistakenly included or who meet the inclusion criteria but have failed to comply with the prescribed medication.   
 
         [0140]    1.5 Termination Criteria:
   (1) Patients who suffer other severe disease the course of the trial.   (2) Patients with serious adverse events during the trial or patients whose treatments have to stop according to the doctor&#39;s judgment.   (3) Patients who cannot continue to be treated due to non-therapeutic reasons or drop out voluntarily.   
 
         [0144]    2Preparation and Administration of Trial Medicines 
         [0145]    350 of  Acanthopanax,  300 kg of  Epimedium  and 300 kg of  Poria  were extracted as above, thereby affording 26 kg of extract from  Acanthopanax  and  Poria  and 54 kg of extract from  Epimedium . The obtained extracts were pulverized, added with a proper amount of starch and dextrin, and then made into granules. After sterilization, the medicament was packaged to 8 g/bag. The medicament was administered in a dosage of one bag twice per day, morning and evening. The daily dosage of raw medicinal materials for adults was 30 g of  Epimedium,  35 g of  Acanthopanax  and 30 g of  Poria . The treatment cycle was 6 months. 
         [0146]    3. Observation 
         [0147]    The following observations were made on patients before enrollment and during the 6 month of treatment:
   (1) ADAS-cog scale.   (2) MMSE scale.   (3) Activities of daily living scale (ADL).   (4) Clinical dementia rating scale (CDR).   (5) Neuropsychiatric Inventory scale (NPI).   
 
         [0153]    4. Standard for Evaluation of Curative Effect 
         [0154]    Main Index
   (1) Cognitive function assessment: comparison of MMSE, ADAS-cog, and CDR scores with baseline levels.   (2) Overall situation: CDR overall assessment.   
 
         [0157]    Secondary Index
   (1) Assessment of activities of daily living activities: changed of ADL scores before and after treatment.   
 
         [0159]    (2) Evaluation of mental behavior: comparative analysis on change of the neuropsychiatric inventory scale (NPI) score before and after treatment. inventory scale (NPI) scores before and after treatment. 
         [0160]    5. Study Results 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Part of the clinical data 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Before administration 
                 After 6 months&#39; administration 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ADAS- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ADAS- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 Gender 
                 Age 
                 MMSE 
                 cog 
                 ADL 
                 NPI 
                 CDR 
                 MMSE 
                 cog 
                 ADL 
                 NPI 
                 CDR 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 M 
                 78 
                 20 
                 29 
                 28 
                 1 
                 1 
                 21 
                 25 
                 20 
                 0 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 2 
                 F 
                 80 
                 12 
                 36 
                 31 
                 5 
                 1 
                 17 
                 30 
                 22 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                 3 
                 F 
                 76 
                 20 
                 38 
                 39 
                 3 
                 1 
                 19 
                 27 
                 24 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                 4 
                 M 
                 73 
                 19 
                 22 
                 26 
                 0 
                 1 
                 27 
                 13 
                 20 
                 0 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 5 
                 M 
                 80 
                 9 
                 45 
                 27 
                 6 
                 2 
                 11 
                 41 
                 31 
                 7 
                 2 
               
               
                 6 
                 F 
                 73 
                 13 
                 49 
                 37 
                 0 
                 2 
                 20 
                 41 
                 33 
                 0 
                 2 
               
               
                 7 
                 M 
                 81 
                 14 
                 38 
                 42 
                 5 
                 2 
                 24 
                 26 
                 38 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 8 
                 M 
                 74 
                 21 
                 26 
                 24 
                 0 
                 1 
                 27 
                 17 
                 20 
                 0 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 9 
                 F 
                 74 
                 12 
                 54 
                 40 
                 11 
                 2 
                 13 
                 38 
                 30 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                 10 
                 F 
                 76 
                 15 
                 37 
                 24 
                 0 
                 1 
                 21 
                 24 
                 24 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                 11 
                 F 
                 64 
                 23 
                 24 
                 24 
                 0 
                 1 
                 28 
                 15 
                 20 
                 0 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 12 
                 F 
                 79 
                 19 
                 32 
                 27 
                 0 
                 1 
                 26 
                 18 
                 23 
                 0 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 13 
                 F 
                 78 
                 10 
                 55 
                 33 
                 3 
                 2 
                 17 
                 35 
                 27 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                 14 
                 M 
                 77 
                 13 
                 45 
                 41 
                 2 
                 2 
                 18 
                 35 
                 29 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 15 
                 F 
                 84 
                 13 
                 43 
                 36 
                 2 
                 2 
                 17 
                 39 
                 32 
                 0 
                 1 
               
               
                 16 
                 F 
                 72 
                 21 
                 26 
                 27 
                 2 
                 1 
                 25 
                 15 
                 20 
                 0 
                 0.5 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0161]    The above clinical data of table 7 were statistically analyze and the results were as follows: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 8-1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect on MMSE, ADAS-cog and CDR scores ( x  ± s, n = 16) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 MMSE 
                 ADAS-cog 
                 CDR 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Before 
                 After 
                 Before 
                 After 
                 Before 
                 After 
               
               
                 Group 
                 administration 
                 administration 
                 administration 
                 administration 
                 administration 
                 administration 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Experimental 
                 15.88 ± 4.46 
                 20.69 ± 5.13** 
                 37.44 ± 10.48 
                 27.44 ± 9.90** 
                 1.44 ± 0.51 
                 0.94 ± 0.48** 
               
               
                 group 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Compared with the corresponding values before administration, 
               
               
                 **P &lt; 0.01 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 8-2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Rating of severity of disease based on CDR scores 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Number of improved cases 
               
               
                   
                 (improvement rate) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 CDR scores 
                 Before administration 
                 After 6 months&#39; administration 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Moderate 
                 7 patients 
                 5(71.4%) 
               
               
                 Mild 
                 9 patients 
                 6(66.7%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0162]    The data in Table 8-1 demonstrate that the medication treatment for 6 months significantly improved MMSE, ADAS cog and CDR scores, and as compared with the baseline scores before administration, the differences were statistical significant (P &lt;0.0), indicating that the medicament significantly improved cognitive function in AD patients. The data in Table 8-2 demonstrate that, according to the CDR scores, 5 to 7 patients of moderate AD after taking medicine for 6 months turned to mild, showing improvement rate of 71.4% and 6 of 9 patients of mild AD ater taking medicine for 6 months turned to suspect dementia, showing an improvement rate of 66.7%. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect on NPI and ADL scores 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 NPI 
                 ADL 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Before 
                 After 
                 Before 
                 After 
               
               
                   
                 adminis- 
                 adminis- 
                 adminis- 
                 adminis- 
               
               
                 Groups 
                 tration 
                 tration 
                 tration 
                 tration 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Experimental 
                 2.50 ± 3.03 
                 0.56 ± 1.75* 
                 31.62 ± 6.60 
                 25.81 ± 5.73** 
               
               
                 group 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Compared with the corresponding values before administration, 
               
               
                 *P &lt; 0.05, 
               
               
                 **P &lt; 0.01 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0163]    The data in Table 9 clearly demonstrate that patients after taking medicines for 6 months had obviously improved NPI and ADL, and compared with the baseline scores before administration, the differences were statistically significant (P&lt;0.01˜0.05), indicating that the medicine significantly improved nerve and mental conditions and daily life ability of AD patients. 
         [0164]    For the sake of brevity, only certain ranges are explicitly disclosed herein. However, ranges from any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to recite a range not explicitly recited, as well as, ranges from any lower limit may combined with any other lower limit to recite a range not explicitly recited, in the same way, ranges from any upper limit may be combined with any other upper limit to recite a range not explicitly recited. Additionally, within a range includes every point or individual value between its end points even though not explicitly recited. Thus, every point or individual value may serve as its own lower or upper limit combined with any other point or individual value or any other lower or upper limit, to receive a range not explicitly recited. 
         [0165]    The terms “preferred” and “preferably” refer to embodiments of the invention that may afford certain benefits, under certain circumstances. However other embodiments may also be preferred, under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful, and is not intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the invention. 
         [0166]    Also herein, the recitations of numerical ranges by endpoints include all numbers subsumed within that range (e.g., 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, 5, etc.). Furthermore, disclosure of a range includes disclosure of all subranges included within the broader range (e.g., 1 to 5 discloses 1 to 4, 1.5 to 4.5, 4 to 5, etc.). 
         [0167]    Various embodiments of the invention have been described. These and other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.