Abstract:
The present invention concerns a method and a system for tracking an object, person or animal, the object, person or animal being provided with a tracking wireless transceiver. The system includes a receiver for receiving an indication that the object, person or animal needs to be tracked; a wireless radio link for wirelessly communicating with the tracking wireless transceiver; a device for estimating coordinates of the object, person or animal based on a location of one or more sites communicating with the tracking wireless transceiver; and at least one wireless device provided with the object, person or animal, for wirelessly communicating with the tracking wireless transceiver. The present invention can be useful for communicating with the object, person or animal to be tracked, and is a more flexible system over the prior art systems.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to a two way tracking system and method for locating vehicles, objects, animals or humans that are provided with a wireless transceiver.  
         DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART  
         [0002]    The present invention is an improvement over U.S. Pat. No. 5,895,436 to Savoie et al. That patent discloses a vehicle tracking method and system using the cellular network infrastructure. According to Savoie a cellular transceiver is installed in a vehicle which requires tracking, and operates on a continuously stand-by mode, to remain accessible to the cellular security provider. The cellular transceiver is turned on to an active mode when tracking of the vehicle is initiated. The general location of the stolen vehicle can be determined by paging the cellular transceiver located in the stolen vehicle to identify one or more cell sites located near the stolen vehicle. The information is then relayed to a tracking vehicle which makes use of a radio direction finder to obtain an accurate bearing on the location of the stolen vehicle. In another embodiment, the tracking vehicle which is provided with a radio direction finder can determine using a global positioning system receiver its location with respect to one or more cell sites identified as being close to the stolen vehicle such that the tracking vehicle can quickly travel to the area identified by the selected cell sites.  
           [0003]    One of the main issues of that patent is conserving the integrity and security of the on-board system. In fact, the on-board system must be hidden from view, so as to prevent a potential thief from disarming the system.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0004]    One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a two-way tracking system similar to the one disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,895,436, using an existing wireless network to locate a variety of objects, persons or animals.  
           [0005]    According to the present invention, there is provided a system for tracking an object, person or animal, the object, person or animal being provided with a tracking wireless transceiver, comprising:  
           [0006]    receiver means for receiving an indication that the object, person or animal needs to be tracked;  
           [0007]    wireless radio means for wirelessly communicating with the tracking wireless transceiver  
           [0008]    means for estimating coordinates of the object, person or animal based on a location of one or more sites communicating with the tracking wireless transceiver; and  
           [0009]    at least one wireless device provided with the object, person or animal, for wirelessly communicating with the tracking wireless transceiver.  
           [0010]    According to another aspect the present invention, there is provided a system for tracking an object, person or animal, the object, person or animal being provided with a tracking wireless transceiver, comprising:  
           [0011]    receiver means for receiving an indication that the object, person or animal needs to be tracked;  
           [0012]    wireless radio means for wirelessly communicating with the tracking wireless transceiver; and  
           [0013]    means for estimating coordinates of the object, person or animal based on a location of one or more sites communicating with the tracking wireless transceiver, the improvement wherein:  
           [0014]    the wireless transceiver is further wirelessly in communication with at least one wireless device on the object, person or animal; and  
           [0015]    the wireless transceiver can be used to communicate with the at least one wireless device on the object, person or animal.  
           [0016]    According to yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for tracking an object, person or animal, the object, person or animal being provided with a tracking wireless transceiver, the method comprising the steps of:  
           [0017]    establishing a wireless communication with the wireless transceiver;  
           [0018]    estimating coordinates of the object, person or animal based on a location of one or more sites communicating with the wireless transceiver;  
           [0019]    receiving an indication that the object, person or animal needs to be tracked at the wireless transceiver; and  
           [0020]    sending a wireless signal from the wireless transceiver to at least one wireless device on the object, person or animal.  
           [0021]    According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for tracking an object, person or animal, the object, person or animal being provided with a tracking wireless transceiver, the method comprising the steps of:  
           [0022]    establishing a wireless communication with the wireless transceiver;  
           [0023]    estimating coordinates of the object, person or animal based on a location of one or more sites communicating with the wireless transceiver;  
           [0024]    sending a wireless signal from the wireless transceiver to at least one wireless device on the object, person or animal; and  
           [0025]    determining that the object, person or animal needs to be tracked based on a response of the at least one wireless device received at the wireless transceiver. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0026]    The present invention and its advantages will be more easily understood after reading the following non-restrictive description of preferred embodiments thereof, made with reference to the following drawings in which:  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a tracking wireless transceiver with a wireless device according to the present invention;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 2 is an illustration of the vehicle tracking system of the present invention;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating how a stolen vehicle or object can be tracked with a system of FIG. 2;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 4 a  is a block diagram of the vehicle tracking equipment provided on a search vehicle;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 4 b  is a diagram illustrating the location or direction finding GPS and transceiver antennae used with the system of FIG. 4 a;    
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the wireless transceiver of the present invention operatively connected to a motion sensor and to an engine kill and in wireless communication with a token; and  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the tracking device of the present invention where local emitters designated as home and school periodically transmit an ID to the tracking device, which is also in communication with a central location. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0034]    Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a block diagram of a tracking wireless transceiver  10 . The wireless transceiver  10  illustrated is of the cellular type, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that other types of wireless transceivers may be used and that the present description although giving examples of cellular transceivers, is not limited thereto. The wireless transceiver  10  can be installed in a vehicle  20  (shown in FIG. 2), but can also be worn by a person, an animal or be installed in or on almost any object.  
         [0035]    In case the transceiver  10  is installed in the vehicle  20 , it can be connected directly to a constant  12  volt power source, such as the car battery and may be provided with a back-up battery  32  to prevent the transceiver  10  from being disabled if the cables to the car battery are disconnected. The transceiver  10  is designed to operate full-time in a standby mode. The transceiver  10  is designed to draw a minimum amount of current such that it can be maintained in a standby mode continuously once installed. Similarly, even in an active mode, when the transceiver  10  is required to operate at higher transmit power, very little current will be drawn from the car battery. The transceiver  10  can be designed to operate in the same way as a standard telephone transceiver in that it will respond to queries from the cellular network at periodic intervals to provide the network with an indication of its operating status. The transceiver  10  will respond to standard commands and queries from the network such as when the RSSI level with respect to a particular cell site is required. It can also receive commands from the cellular network if the transceiver transmit power level needs to be changed, such as when the transceiver  10  is paged. The power level can vary from a minimum of 0.2 watts to a maximum of 0.6 watts such as is currently used in standard cellular telephones.  
         [0036]    The transceiver  10  is provided with standard components, such as an antenna  11 , a power supply  13 , memory and processor circuits  14 , RF circuit  15  and an IO circuit  16 .  
         [0037]    The IO  16  circuit is further connected to an second antenna  21  that allows wireless communication with a wireless device  22 . The wireless device  22  has less components than the transceiver  10  and is therefore typically smaller in both size and weight. The wireless device  22  is further connected to an antenna  23  and can have an LCD or pixel screen  24 . Furthermore, since the wireless device  22  is separate from the transceiver  10 , it can be easily hidden, while the transceiver  10  can remain apparent to other people. A person that is to be tracked must be in proximity of both the transceiver  10  (which can be worn on a belt for example) and the wireless device  22  (which can be hidden in a pocket for example).  
         [0038]    The IO circuit  16  can also be provided to connect a variety of sensors  17  to detect that an alarm has been triggered on the vehicle  20  or that the ignition  18  has been activated by an unauthorized user. Other options, such as, remote engine kill, car starter and remote door locks can also be used as well. The IO circuit  16  can also be connected to an audio source  19  such as a microphone to enable the security service provider to hear any conversation persons might be having in the vehicle  20 .  
         [0039]    Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, there is shown a diagram illustrating a tracking system for tracking the transceiver  10 . In this example, the transceiver  10  illustrated in FIG. 1 is installed in the vehicle  20 . The transceiver  10  would be provided, as any other cellular telephone, with a unique identifier such as a MIN. The identity of the vehicle owner or operator and the transceiver&#39;s unique identifier are added to a customer database of the security service provider. The installation of the transceiver  10  and registration of the unique identifier would of course be done via a security service provider authorized by the cellular service provider to assign new cellular accounts, such as is currently done with the purchase of cellular phones.  
         [0040]    Normally, when calls to and from a cellular transceiver are made, the cellular network will verify the cellular transceiver&#39;s 10-digit telephone number (NAM, Number Assigned Mobile) and ESN (Electronic Serial Number) before allowing the call to go through. Each cellular telephone is provided with a unique telephone number (MIN) which corresponds to a unique ESN.  
         [0041]    With the system of the present invention, the transceiver  10  will provide its ESN when queried by the network. As will be described further below, only the transceiver having the correct ESN and MIN will respond to queries from the cellular network, even if each locating transceiver makes use of the same unique MINs.  
         [0042]    Once the transceiver  10  is installed and in operation, the user becomes registered with the security service provider. The security provider enters the transceiver&#39;s ESN in a database with the customer&#39;s personal information, such as residential address, telephone number, vehicle description and serial number, etc. The transceiver  10  which is now in vehicle  20  operates in a passive or standby mode within the wireless network infrastructure. From time to time, at predetermined intervals, the transceiver  10  will be queried by the network to provide an indication of its location within the network. For example, in FIGS. 2 and 3, the transceiver  10  of vehicle  20  will be paged from time to time over a paging channel  31 . The paging request is generated from any one of the cell sites A, B or C. Upon receiving the paging request, the transceiver  10  switches over to an active mode to transmit a response to the nearest cell site to identify amongst other things, the signal quality or RSSI level. This way, the service provider  32  can keep track of various cellular telephones within the network and their locations, such that when an incoming call arrives, the call can be directed to a cell site located nearest to the cellular telephone user. This information is updated from time to time in a database  33 . The response may or may not be used by the network, according to the need to keep track of individual transceivers.  
         [0043]    If a third party wishes to report that a person wearing the transceiver  10  needs to be tracked, then the third party can contact the security service provider  34  by making a call to a predetermined phone number. When the security service provider  34  receives the indication that transceiver  10  needs to be tracked. At this point, a preliminary query is made to determine the current location of the transceiver  10  within the network. A general estimate of the location of the transceiver  10  can be determined, say, within a 120 degree area of a cellular cluster, namely by identifying the cell site sector communicating with the transceiver  10 . The security service provider dials the pre-selected telephone number, i.e. common NAM associated with tracking wireless transceivers. The call is processed as a normal incoming cellular call by the network operator. The cellular network operator receives the dialed digits, checks its database for the associated ESN, then transmits, on the cellular network, a new paging signal containing the common NAM and unique ESN of the transceiver  10 . The only transceiver to respond will be the one associated with the vehicle  20  and a voice channel illustrated by arrow  36  is opened between the transceiver  10  of the vehicle  20  and a nearby cell site. This voice channel is kept open, as if a normal conversation was taking place. However, the security service provider is now in control of the opened voice channel and will keep it open until the transceiver  10  is located. In this example, cell site A is currently communicating with the transceiver over voice channel  36 .  
         [0044]    Furthermore, the concerned third party may wish to send a message to the person to be tracked through the wireless device  22  via the transceiver  10 .  
         [0045]    One way of sending messages in an inexpensive manner is to encode predetermined messages within the transceiver  10 . The transceiver  10  is adapted to recognize which message to send based on, for example, the duration of call set up, i.e. the number of rings, without having the transceiver  10  actually answer the call. In the case where the transceiver  10  is a cellular (or PCS) unit, the person wishing to send a message would essentially first decide which message is to be sent. This message, in encoded form, is sent to the transceiver  10 . The transceiver  10 , based on the duration of the call set up, i.e. the number of rings, recognizes the message to be transmitted to the wireless device  22 . The transceiver  10  then sends a wireless signal to the device  22  to display a given message. The message selector (not shown) in the transceiver  10  may be a circuit that is programmed to perform such a function. The advantage to this approach is that it does not require airtime (thus no fees), and the integrity of the transceiver  10  is maintained.  
         [0046]    The wireless device  22  can be provided with a receiver (not shown) connected to the antenna  23  which receives the messages from the transceiver  10 . Even though a LCD screen or display screen  24  has been shown, other types of interfaces may be connected to the receiver to generate a message indicating that the person is being tracked. For example, the interface may also be an audio interface. Furthermore, as described above, other messages types may be displayed on the interface of the wireless device  22 .  
         [0047]    Referring to FIG. 5, the transceiver  10  can be provided with a motion sensor  60  installed on the vehicle  20 . As soon as the motion sensor detects that the vehicle  20  is in motion, it sends a signal to the transceiver  10 . The transceiver  10  then is adapted to send a signal to a token  62 . The token  62 , which can take the form of a circuit integrated on a key chain, for example, receives the signal from the transceiver  10  and modifies it in some way. The transceiver  10 , detecting this modification of the sent signal, recognizes that the proper owner is in the vehicle  20 . However, should the transceiver  10  not detect the modification of the sent signal, it could arm itself automatically and identify itself to a central location as being in need of being tracked. Alternatively, the transceiver  10  can also incorporate a feature such as engine kill  64 , to prevent the vehicle  20  from travelling too far. Also alternatively, the transceiver  10  can be programmed to contact one or more predetermined numbers, such as a dispatcher, and to provide the end user with internet access, so as to contact the owner of the tracked item or parent of the person directly. It should be understood that in this embodiment, the invention is not limited to motion sensors, but is equally applicable to any type of sensor. Furthermore, the presence of a sensor is not essential, as a simple exchange between tokens and transceiver may be sufficient upon detecting a change such as starting the engine.  
         [0048]    As can be appreciated, the system of the present invention can be armed or disarmed through the token  62  (or an automatic pulsing transmitter). Such a system protects the “stealthness” of the system, and minimizes the risks associated with a user not properly arming or disarming the system.  
         [0049]    Referring to FIG. 6, the present system can be used to determine with precision where a person or object is. This is achieved by first having a user contact a central to register cell site, cell site sector and signal strength. Afterwards, definitive location confirmation is achieved by placing local emitters  66 ,  68  at specific locations, such as home, school, office, vehicle, etc. The local emitter sends its ID to the tracking device at predetermined intervals. The transceiver  10  has a receiver on board capable of determining which emitter is transmitting, and relaying this information back to the central  70 , so that tracking can be effected. The central  70  is then able to determine that the tracking device is closer to school than to home.  
         [0050]    Furthermore, in order to precisely track the transceiver  10  of the vehicle  20 , the security service provider  34  can forward the identity of the vehicle  20  to a security response team located in a tracking vehicle  37  (also shown in FIG. 4 b ). The team is provided with the current location of vehicle  20  based on the closest cell site sector where the vehicle is located. That information may either be provided by means of a building name or address, where the antenna cell site sector antenna is located, a street address, or in the preferred embodiment, by means of a latitude and longitude coordinates provided by a global positioning system. The GPS system is used by tracking vehicle  37  to establish its position with respect to the cell site sector that has been identified.  
         [0051]    Once the identity and general location of the vehicle  10  is received at the tracking vehicle  37 , the tracking vehicle  37  can monitor the open voice channel  36  and travel in the general direction identified by the security service provider. Once the tracking vehicle  37  reaches the general location of the vehicle  20 , the security response team makes use of a radio direction finder which is tuned to the voice channel  36  to precisely identify the location of the vehicle  20 . Once the precise location of the vehicle  20  has been confirmed, the security response team can alert the authorities to recover the vehicle  20 .  
         [0052]    The tracking vehicle  37  is provided with a cellular telephone system to communicate with the security service provider  34 . The radio direction finder consists of a number of antennae  39  connected to radio direction finder equipment to locate precisely the direction of arrival of an RF signal emitted by the vehicle  20  on the voice channel  36  and received by cell site A as well as tracking vehicle  37 .  
         [0053]    Referring now to FIG. 4 a,  we have shown a block diagram of the tracking equipment which is provided in the tracking vehicle and which is used by the security response team to track the precise location of the vehicle  20 . The equipment includes a standard cellular transceiver  50  which enables the security response team to communicate with the security service provider to coordinate the search and tracking of the vehicle. As indicated above, the vehicle may be provided with a GPS antenna  51  connected to a GPS receiver  52  and computer  53  to enable the operator to determine the location of the tracking vehicle  37  with respect to the coordinates of the cell site communicating with the vehicle. GPS receiver  52  will provide a direction the tracking vehicle should follow in order to reach the cell site. This is achieved by entering the coordinates of the cell site. The GPS receiver  52  can then provide an indication of the route to follow to the tracking vehicle which receives positioning data from a satellite via GPS antenna  51 .  
         [0054]    Once the tracking vehicle is dispatched and rolling towards the cell site serving or communicating with the cellular transceiver of the vehicle, the specialized cellular band RF receiver  55  locks onto the forward voice channel  31  (the frequency used to communicate from the tower to the cellular transceiver) currently in use based on the combination of ESN and NAM or a specified channel pointed out by the operators at the MTSO. The four quarter wave antenna of the radio direction finder  56  can then determine the direction of arrival of the RF signal emitted by the cellular tower. This provides the recovery team with a bearing towards the cell tower A (FIG. 2) if necessary. Once in the vicinity, the RF receiver is set to the reverse voice channel (the frequency used to communicate from the cellular transceiver to the tower)  31 . This is done by dropping the frequency by exactly 45 Mhz on the tuner. The information provided by the quarter wave antennae  57  can then be used at a display or monitor  58  to determine the exact location of the stolen vehicle. As shown in FIG. 4 b,  the four quarter wave antennae are mounted at the corners of a square on the roof of a tracking vehicle  37 . The output of each of the quarter wave antennae are fed into an antenna adder/coupler  59  and applied to the input of RF receiver  55 . A radio direction finder such as described above is available from Doppler Systems Inc. The cellular tracking system as identified at reference numeral  54  is available from Allen Telecom Group Inc.  
         [0055]    In the event that the tracking wireless transceiver is removed from the vehicle, one or multiple miniature wireless transceivers will be activated, at that time enabling the tracking vehicle to home it on the vehicle. This is important if the tracking wireless transceiver becomes defective or is removed by a thief. The miniature wireless transceivers essentially monitor the transmitter pulse sector of the tracker&#39;s device. If the miniature wireless transceiver does not detect the pulse of the transmitter in a predetermined length of time or detects a coded pulse from the transmitter within the tracking device, the miniature wireless transceiver begins sending its signal indicating a defective tracking wireless transceiver or a missing one.  
         [0056]    Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to these precise embodiments and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention.