Abstract:
An air spring is used as a resistance device in exercise equipment having a lever arm for exercising arms and legs. In one embodiment, the equipment can be adapted to be used as a stair stepper. In another, it can be adapted to be used on a table surface for exercising hands, wrists and forearms. In still another embodiment, it can incorporate a bike pedal assembly to simultaneously aerobically exercise the legs and arms. The equipment includes resistance level regulating components and a visual indicator using a gauge or similar device to monitor resistance levels.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/359,942 filed Feb. 22, 2006. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for physical exercise using air spring technology. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Exercise equipment, in general, is known in the art. Air springs are also known in the art. An air spring is an elastomeric bellows having end closures that allow for mounting on vehicles and industrial equipment. The bellows contains a fluid such as air, some other gas or a liquid, usually under pressure. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to physical therapy equipment based upon an air spring acting as a flexure joint, and methods of exercise utilizing the air spring. Using such a flexure joint will allow deflections in the range of nearly 90 degrees and a rotational deflection direction of a full 360 degrees. 
     In one embodiment the exercise device is constructed from an air spring or referred to herein as a flexure joint device, a lever arm attached to an upper portion of the flexure joint device, a rigid unsprung frame member attached to a portion of the outer surface (lower side) of the flexure joint device to prevent motion of the portion of the flexure joint device attached to the rigid member when the lever arm is moved, and a human body engaging member attached to the lever arm, whereby the lever arm can be moved with resistance by the human body engaging member in any direction away from an in rest position of the lever arm. The resistance is adjustable and can be selectively controlled by the user by adjusting the pressure within the flexure joint device. 
     Air springs or flexure joint devices suitable for use in this invention are commercially available from Companies such as the Firestone Industrial Products Company. This company calls such devices AIRSTROKE® actuators and AIRMOUNT® isolators. Although such devices are adapted to be used in pneumatic systems, they can be adapted to be used in hydraulic and aero-hydraulic systems. The elastomeric bladder is typically sandwiched between an upper and lower covers, which make the elastomeric bellows or bladder airtight. These covers are sometimes called by the industry bead plates. They can be designed with flanges as means for mounting to brackets or solid surfaces. In the present invention, it is anticipated that the air springs assembly be adapted with means to attach its bottom to a solid platform, floor or other surface such as a table (rigid unsprung frame member described above); and the upper part be adapted with means for engaging a lever arm as described above. Typically, the upper part includes an inlet port for the air or hydraulic fluid medium. 
     The human body engaging member can be a hand grip, a foot-engaging member, such as a foot pad or any other body engaging member. The hand grip can be a T-bar configuration or cross-shaped along the lever arm containing two hand grips. The body-engaging member can be secured/strapped to work out specific body parts and allow work-out while pushing or pulling against the air spring assembly. 
     The human body-engaging member can be resilient or gyroscopic. The gyroscopic hand or foot feature interfaces to reduce strain and transmit force with natural body movements. 
     The exercise device preferably contains pressure-regulating means for adjusting pressure in the flexure joint device. This is usually done by those skilled in the art by the use of a regulating valve and relief valve. The fluid medium filling the flexure joint device can be air for pneumatic control or hydraulic fluid for hydraulic control or other similar fluid media suitable for using under pressure and suitable for varying by the use of regulators/valves, including the combination of air and hydraulic components/features. 
     The base member of the flexure joint device can be mounted on a vertical surface. In this embodiment, the mounting can be on a wall, a post or on a frame system that allows for height (vertical) adjustment or lateral adjustment and/or combinations of such adjustment to suit the height of the person using the equipment and/or the standing position on a floor or platform of the user, as well as the part of the body engaging member being exercised. Such adjustments can also accommodate persons in wheelchairs, sitting, standing, lying down on side or back. The apparatus can be mounted to hospital beds, home beds, wheelchairs and home furniture. 
     In the above description and as further described below, the flexure joint device provides a great advantage in allowing for exercise motion in any direction, including performing rotational actions, side to front, front to side, up and down, inward, etc. For example, the apparatus could incorporate both linear and flexure joint movement to simulate human movement. This would help with occupational therapy such as lifting a box over your head. 
     Such adjustable means are known in the art. For example, the flexure joint device and its lever arm can moved along a track and tightened when moved to a desired location or located with a quick-release pin type system where pins are inserted in apertures or friction lock tubing. It is preferred that the equipment&#39;s flexure joint device be designed such that a user can adjust the resistance of the apparatus by adjusting the pressure. A gauge can be provided and connected to the pressurizing lines, with a user friendly interface indicating levels of resistance as is the case with many aerobic exercise machines today. The gauge can be located so to be in plain view of the user. The resistance adjustment controls should also be located so as to be readily adjusted by the user of the equipment. The levels can be visualized digitally or by a needle scale type of arrangement. User interface can include a computer interface so a physical therapist or other attendant, for example, can control the workout program. For example, air springs could have pressure transducers, electronic pressure regulator, and rotational flexure transducers to interface with a computer. This would allow real-time monitoring of the air spring pressure, deflection direction, and amount of deflection. Amount of force exerted on the apparatus could also be determined by the air spring pressure differential produced when the air spring deflects and compresses the air. Mechanical stops could be used to limit the travel of the flexure member so that the patient&#39;s range of motion would be controlled so as not to re-injure or aggravate an injury. A computer rehabilitation program could be used by the physical therapist or other attendant to monitor and/or modify the characteristics of the flexure member. 
     The exercise device can have a bicycle type pedal mounted on the lever arm. In this embodiment, the lever arm can be resistance adjusted through the flexure joint device and the pedals can also have means for adjusting the pedaling resistance. In this embodiment, the present invention becomes two exercising devices for exercising both arms and/or both legs. Seating means are provided either independent of the invention so the bicycle embodiment can be used or the bottom of the flexure joint device can be mounted on a surface common to the mounting of the seat means. Effectively, the user sits on a bicycle-like seat and is able to exercise by pedaling while at the same time moving the arm with typically two hand grips inward and outward. Of course, the individual features can be used separately. That is, the legs can be exercised by the pedaling action and the arms can be exercised by the flexure of the flexure joint device, combination or individually. In addition, in the bicycle-like seat embodiment or when a person is in a wheelchair, the person can pull up and lift his body of the seat/chair using the flexure apparatus, lean forward, left and right, against the flexure apparatus, and push and pull on the apparatus for exercising. 
     In another embodiment, legs and hips could be exercised by a stair stepping action provided by the invention. 
     In another embodiment, the T-bar or generally T-shaped hand grips can themselves be adapted to include a flexure joint device. In this case the rigid frame member may be a relative long frame member extending from a wall or floor or it may be a very short base member attached to a table top surface or the like or the wall. This embodiment is great for exercising the shoulders, forearms, wrists and hands. 
     Another embodiment is the use of two side by side flexure joint devices, each having on its top a generally planar and elongate foot standing surface that extends a pre-determined lever arm distance (for example, 12 to 24 inches away from the flexure joint device), and each generally parallel to each other. A person can stand on each lever arm and use the apparatus as a step exerciser. It is preferable if handrails for balance be available to the user. 
     The combination can have a foot positioning surface for exercise of the feet and legs and to ensure that a person&#39;s foot does not slide off the surface. These surface forms are typical of stair stepping exercise equipment used in gyms. 
     In other embodiments, the flexure apparatus can be configured so that the bottom of an air spring is mounted to the floor or stationary base and a small platform is mounted to the top of the air spring. This would be used to help with balancing and will strengthen hip flexors. Air pressure would be regulated so that higher air pressure stiffens the platform and limits range-of-motion and the opposite for lower air pressures. A safety hand rail should preferably be built around the balancing plate. 
     Further, specific flexure devices can be configured for activities such as: arm wrestling, strengthening baseball and football throwing arms, strengthening all joints, recovery from operations such as knee or elbow surgery, tendonitis, tennis elbow, and similar conditions. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective conceptual view of one embodiment of the present invention with the lever arm in use; 
         FIG. 2  is a conceptual depiction of the embodiment of  FIG. 1  with a pedal assembly being used; 
         FIG. 3  is a conceptual depiction of another embodiment of the invention where the lever arm is relatively short for exercise of wrist and forearms; 
         FIG. 4  is a conceptual depiction of an embodiment similar to that of  FIG. 3 , except that a T-shaped handle is provided for gripping by both hands; 
         FIG. 5  is a conceptual partial cross-section depiction of a bellows system where the fluid medium is hydraulic fluid filled from a hydraulic pump source; 
         FIG. 6  is a conceptual partial cross-section depiction of a bellows system where the fluid medium is air filled from an air compressor source; 
         FIG. 7  is a conceptual depiction of an embodiment similar to  FIG. 1 , except the lever arm is shorter and the invention is mounted on a table or elevated surface; 
         FIG. 8  is a conceptual depiction of an embodiment similar to  FIG. 1 , further depicting an example of how resistance can be applied to the pedaling action; 
         FIGS. 9   a  and  9   b  are conceptual depiction of the invention where the rigid member to which the flexure joint assembly is attached is a T-shaped structural member to facilitate exercising with both hands at the same time; 
         FIG. 10  is a conceptual depiction of an example of mounting the invention on a wall surface with elevation adjustment possibilities; 
         FIG. 11  is a conceptual depiction of various embodiments of the invention being applied to a universal gym type frame system; 
         FIG. 12  is a conceptual depiction of another embodiment of the invention where two flexure joint assemblies are used with parallel lever arms adapted to support the feet of the person exercising with a common resistance regulating system and fluid source so that the invention can be used as a stair stepping exercise machine; and 
         FIG. 13  is a conceptual depiction of another embodiment of the invention configured to be used as a balance exercise machine. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Turning now to  FIGS. 1-11 , one or more embodiments of the invention  10  are generally depicted. There is shown a flexure joint assembly  12  (also referred to herein by its industrial generic name as an air spring or air spring assembly), having an inflatable bellows or bladder  14 , filled with a fluid  16  such as air or hydraulic fluid. To the upper part of the assembly  12 , is attached a lever arm  18  having a hand grip  20 . The lever arm  18  is attached to the assembly&#39;s  12  upper plate  22 , which covers the bellows  14 . Pressure is introduced into bellows  14  via conduit means  24  for supplying the fluid  16  to and for pressurizing the flexure joint assembly  12 . 
     The lower portion or plate  26  of the flexure joint assembly  12  is attached to a rigid unsprung base member  28 . By “unsprung” is meant that the air spring assembly  12  does not impart any springing action to base member  28 . Base member  28  merely holds air spring assembly in place when lever arm  18  is moved to exercise a user. The base member  28  attached to the flexure joint assembly  12  can be mounted on a vertical surface  30 . In this embodiment, the mounting can be on a wall  30   a  or on a frame system  30   b  (examples only) or other working/anchoring member, including a post, that allows for height (vertical) adjustment or lateral adjustment and/or combinations of such adjustment to suit the height of the person using the equipment and/or the standing position on a floor or platform of the user, as well as the part of the body engaging member being exercised. Of course, frame system  30   b  could be independent or itself mounted to a wall surface  30   a  or other working/anchoring member. 
     The flexure joint assembly  12  has a fluid inlet port  32 , which is in fluid communication with the bellows  14 , the conduit means and a fluid supply source  34 , which typically an air compressor system or a hydraulic pump system. 
       FIGS. 3 ,  4  and  7  depict examples where the invention  10  is shown on an elevated surface or table surface  36 . Means for regulating the pressure to adjust resistance is conceptually depicted as  38  in  FIGS. 5 and 6 . Conceptually, the means  38  for regulating the pressure is a control device that can be located so as to be used by an attendant, such as a therapist, either adjacent to the invention or remotely from an attendant working station. This includes setting up means  38  to be computer controlled. This conceptual regulating means applies to all embodiments shown in all the drawings, although not shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4  and only partially shown in  FIG. 7 . The amount of pressure, which should be presented on the gauge face in user friendly terms such as resistance levels  1 - 10 , is shown conceptually as gauge  40 . Of course, the gauge face could also be presented in an actual pounds per square inch (psi), foot-pounds, or a similar analogous scale that imparts some meaning to the person using the equipment according to the embodiments of the invention, depending on the preference of the manufacture and the intended use of the invention. The levels can be visualized digitally or by a needle scale type of arrangement. 
     Handle means  42  at the upper end of the lever arm  18  are provided. The handle means  42  can provide for different types of hand grips  20 . Typically hand grips  20  can be designed to be integral to the lever arm  18 , or designed to cover a portion of the lever arm  18  such as a rubber or foam base hand grip. The lever arm&#39;s  18  opposite end is attached to flexure joint assembly  12 , which in turn is mounted on table surface  36 . 
     When mounted to a frame system  30   b , the air spring assembly  12  and the frame system  30   b  (as well as the wall surface  30   a ) can be adapted so that assembly  12  is engaged to allow vertical and/or horizontal movement to suit the height or position of the user. This can be done by a number of ways known in the art, including the use of a track or channel with position tightening means such as bolts or quick release pins through mating apertures in the assembly lower portion  26  and the frame system  30   b  or even the wall surface  30   a . Of course, another alternative is to have the bolts or release pins or other tightening means engage a channel in the wall or frame system under pressure. This allows the invention  10  to be moved up and down on a vertical wall surface  30 , thereby allowing the height of lever arm  18  to be adjusted by the user. 
     The air spring assembly or flexure joint assembly  12  can be mounted or attached on a floor or other planar or generally horizontal platform  44 . In an embodiment from the basic invention  10 , a peddle assembly  46  is added to lever arm  18  to provide for exercise of the legs while exercising the arms with handle means  42  at the upper end of the lever arm  18 . The resistance of pedal assembly  46  can also be adjustable using means known in the art, such as by using tension friction belt-type of systems as often used with exercise bikes or by using tubing with a smooth bore and a friction (phenolic) block inserted around the peddle shaft with an air inlet for pressurizing the back side of the block to obtain the desired resistance, or by using disc pads  46   a  with adjustable friction faces. 
     Various air spring assemblies can be employed in the practice of the present invention. Various lengths are available, as are assemblies having one or more convolutions. The style used will typically be a matter of design choice and aesthetic. For example, a more tubular or cylindrical shaped bellows may be desirable for the hand/wrist exercise embodiment, such as the bellows  14  shown in  FIGS. 3 ,  4 ,  9   a  and  9   b.    
     In another embodiment depicted in  FIG. 12 , two parallel air spring assemblies  12  are attached to a floor or horizontal platform  44 . Generally flat lever arm  18   a ,  18   b , each attached to one of the two air spring assemblies  12 , extend relatively parallel to the plane of the floor a pre-determined distance from the flexure joint assembly  12 . Typically, the lever arms  18   a ,  18   b  will be about 12 to 18 inches, but can be more or less. The user can exercise his or her feet and legs by moving them up and down while standing on lever arms  18   a ,  18   b  and using the embodiment as a stair stepper. A support frame for maintaining balance  48  should be used in conjunction with this embodiment of the invention  10 , so that a user has something to hold on to while exercising. 
     In another embodiment similar to that depicted in  FIG. 12 ,  FIG. 13  depicts a single air spring assembly  12 , which is attached to a floor or platform  44  and the lever arm  18  is configured to serve as a human body engaging member so that a person exercising to enhance his or her balance can stand on the platform/lever arm portion. That is, the human body engaging member is in an overlying relationship to the closed upper portion of the flexure joint assembly and is configured so that a person exercising can stand on said human body engaging member for performing a balance exercise. 
     It should be understood that in the above mentioned embodiments, a vacuum cup with a 12 VDC portable air and vacuum compressor may be utilized. 
     It should also be understood that the preceding is merely a detailed description of one or more embodiments of this invention and that numerous changes to the disclosed embodiments can be made in accordance with the disclosure herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The preceding description, therefore, is not meant to limit the scope of the invention. Rather, the scope of the invention is to be determined only by the appended claims and their equivalents.