Abstract:
A system for improving the quality of medical images depicts a list of sub-optimal image situations. For each sub-optimal image situation, a list of at least one possible reason for the sub-optimal image situation is provided, sorted by the probability. For each reason in the list, a list of at least one remedy for said reason is provided. By navigating these lists, an inexperienced user of an item of imaging equipment is guided to obtain an optimal quality image.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    This invention is directed to device adjuncts used for the analysis of images of human body organs for medical diagnosis, or in non-medical industrial apparatus, in particular to improving the quality of these images.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    One of the basic diagnostic methods of determining the health conditions of a patient is the imaging of affected areas of the patient&#39;s body, regardless of whether the patient is complaining of a symptom or whether a medical anamoly was found based on testing for an unrelated condition. The type of imaging most properly utilized for an initial objective determination is usually dictated by the nature of the organ or part of the body exhibiting a specific condition (or which is being tested for determining if a condition exists), or the actual condition which is suspected.  
           [0003]    Imaging devices (the term “imaging” as used herein includes optical, aural and any other sensory recordable state of an object or patient) include those devices that permit visual inspection of a site or cavity directly or by use of a lens system for optical enhancement, and devices which permit visual inspection of a site through analog or digital displays or the analysis of images resulting from the use of ultrasound waves (sonograms), magnetic resonance (MRI), computerized tomography (CT scans), nuclear medicine, x-rays or other imaging technology. Existing specific tools or devices used for imaging include laparoscopes, MRI and ultrasonogram devices, as well as hysteroscopes, arthroscopes, esophagoscopes, bronchoscopes, rectoscopes, laryngoscopes, otoscopes, ophthalmoscopes, colposcopes, microscopes, computed radiography, x-ray imaging, computed tomography, mammography, angiography, gamma camera and nuclear medicine instruments, boreoscopes (used for internal analysis of machinery) and the like, which are all well known diagnostic tools in the art.  
           [0004]    Currently, imaging systems come in many configurations, with different probes and many types of accessories. For some imaging systems, such as ultrasound, the quality of the image depends on the person performing the scanning, since in that case the scanning is not performed by the system itself, as in the case of a CT scan or MRI. The potential user, however, usually has no indication as to the quality of images to be attained when scanning with any particular configuration, and many professionals know very little about the diagnostic equipment that they utilize. This situation is exacerbated by vendors who agressively market diagnostic equipment without providing the basics as to what standard can be achieved by a particular diagnostic system in terms of the image of a normal organ. Vendors of new, inexpensive, portable scanning systems witness increased sales to medical practitioners who have very limited experience in scanning. These professionals need to learn how to achieve the best possible images (referred to in the art as “gold standard” images) obtainable from their equipment.  
           [0005]    For example, a user may have a good representative sonogram in mind of an ovary based on an image in a book where the authors used X and Y equipment, or from a conference where a lecturer showed images made with Z and W equipment, or from a hands-on course using Q and V equipment. A user, however, may have or be considering buying W equipment and may not have any reference for the best achievable image of an organ with that equipment, before even looking for pathologies. Even in clinics where gold standard imaging is the norm, the situation changes abruptly after regular hours, during nights and weekends when the most experienced staff members are no longer seeing patients.  
           [0006]    Thus, there is a need for a system that can automatically help professionals who are inexperienced with a particular imaging device learn how to achieve gold standard levels of imaging in the absence of experienced professionals.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0007]    The system of the present invention is a new feature of the system described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,032,678, “Adjunct To Diagnostic Imaging Systems For Analysis Of Images Of An Object Or A Body Part Or Organ”, to Rottem, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.  
           [0008]    The system of the present invention permits gold standard images for each model of imaging device and for each images to be stored and accessible to the diagnostic software. Once an image has been displayed next to a gold standard image, the system of the present invention can present to the practitioner a selection of possibilities that characterize an image. Clicking on one of these possibilities presents the user with a listbox displaying a selection of problems, and by clicking on a problem the user is presented with a listbox of possible solutions. By navigating this display of choices, the user can learn how to obtain better quality images from specific equipment and configurations. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0009]    [0009]FIG. 1 depicts a typical hardware configuration of an imaging system.  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 2 depicts a typical access matrix for selecting an organ and condition.  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 3 depicts a gold standard image compared with a user generated image with a list of reasons for a sub-optimal image.  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 4 depicts a list of remedies for upgrading a sub-optimal image.  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 5 depicts a list of tips for improving a sub-optimal image.  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 6 depicts a list of techniques a user can apply for improving an image.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 7 depicts an alternative access matrix for selecting an organ and condition.  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 8 depicts an real-time video image compared with a gold standard image with a description of the organ being imaged. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0017]    [0017]FIG. 1 depicts a typical hardware configuration in accordance with the present invention. Computer system  100  includes monitor  101 , CD-ROM  102  containing a library of gold standard images, keyboard  103  and mouse  104 . Alternatively, the library of images can be downloaded to computer system  100  over the World Wide Web, and stored on the computer system&#39;s hard drive. The imaging part of the system includes box  110  connected to probe  112  and connected to computer system  100  via cable  111 . Box  111  could be, for example, an ultrasound generator for creating sonograms. Alternatively, box  111  could be replaced by a plug-in card that attaches directly to the motherboard of computer  100 ., The system of the invention is not, however, limited to the imaging device depicted.  
         [0018]    In a preferred embodiment, the system of the present invention is a software system that is part of the software that controls the imaging equipment, and is installable on computer system  100 . Alternatively, the software system of the invention can be a stand-alone system installed from a CD-ROM or downloaded from the web.  
         [0019]    The system of the present invention can build a customized mini-library from the library of gold standard images by selecting those gold standard images for the particular models of imaging devices and probes in use. These gold standard images are then available for side by side comparison with images obtained by the user. Thus, with the system and probe in use, a user can see exactly what he or she should target as the gold standard and the system of the invention provides the user with all of the help needed to achieve that standard. Instead of having a medical device that only generates images, the device now shows what is the highest achievable standard and how the user can achieve that standard.  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary screen that is displayed when a user is using the system of the invention to obtain a sonogram of the uterus. A horizontal list  200  of reproductive organs is displayed, in which “Uterus” is highlighted, and underneath a horizontal list  201  of organ sub-parts is displayed, of which “Endometrium” is highlighted. In addition, a vertical list  210  of physiological conditions, of which “Postmenopausal” is highlighted. The screen displays a matrix of balls corresponding to possible selections  202 . The column  203  corresponding to “Endometrium” is highlighted, of which the ball  204  corresponding to “Postmenopausal/Endometrium” is selected. The system will thus display the sonogram obtained by the user with the gold standard sonogram of a postmenopausal endometrium obtained from the user&#39;s ultrasound generator and probe.  
         [0021]    The invention supports several functions, as illustrated in FIGS.  3 - 6 . For a user not able to achieve an image of gold standard quality, the software can list a series of reasons for situations inferior with respect to the gold standard, as shown in FIG. 3. Examples of these reasons are depicted in the reasons listbox  302  in FIG. 3. Clicking on one of these reasons will present a list of possible problems or reasons for the low quality image, sorted by probability, for the particular organ and/or condition being scanned. By selecting one of the reasons, the system lists possible remedial actions that can be taken to improve the image quality. For example, clicking on the “Atrophic” listing in listbox  302  causes a Remedies listbox  402  to appear as shown in FIG. 4. Listbox  402  displays a list of possible solutions, for example, “Apply gentle pressure . . . ”, “Fill bladder . . . ”, etc., as shown in the listbox  402 . As the user performs the suggested remedy, he or she can continuously monitor the improvement of the generated image  403  in real-time by comparing it with the gold standard image  404 . The remedies depicted in listboxes  402  can be associated with hyperlinks to video and audio files that show a user how to perform a suggested maneuver with the equipment in use to solve the problem in real-time.  
         [0022]    The invention also includes online help for the user, accessible by clicking on the “Show Me How” button  405  depicted in FIG. 4. FIG. 5 depicts the screen presented to the user after clicking the “Show Me How” button  405 . A help menu  501  depicts various help topics, of topic  502 , “Technique”, is selected and displayed in field  503 . Listbox  504  displays descriptions of the proper technique for obtaining a gold standard image.  
         [0023]    Alternatively, a user could select the help topic “Tips” in menu  501 , which invokes the screen depicted in FIG. 6. The selected help topic, “Tips”, is displayed in field  603 , while listbox  604  displays a list of various tips for obtaining a gold standard image.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 7 depicts an alternative exemplary screen that is displayed when a user is using the system of the invention to obtain a sonogram of the abdomen. A horizontal list  701  of reproductive organs is displayed, in which “Vessels” is highlighted, along with a vertical list  702  of help topics, of which “Location/Description” is highlighted. The screen displays a matrix of balls corresponding to possible selections  703 , of which column  705  corresponding to “Vessels” is highlighted. The ball  704  corresponding to “Location/Description” and “Vessels” is selected. By placing the mouse cursor over the ball  704 , a listbox  706  of vessels is displayed, of which selection  707  “Abdominal Aorta” is highlighted. The system will thus display the sonogram obtained by the user with the gold standard sonogram of an abdominal aorta obtained from the user&#39;s ultrasound generator and probe, as depicted in FIG. 8. In this example, the system displays a sub-window describing the abdominal aorta and its branches while it is being imaged.  
         [0025]    A further feature of the invention is that positioning the mouse cursor over a gold standard image causes text to appear that describes what is depicted in the terminology of the imaging device in use. In the example being described, the image would be described in ultrasound terminology. In addition, graphs or nomograms can also appear.  
         [0026]    In a most preferred embodiment, the system of the invention uses pattern recognition technology to freeze a scan when the gold standard is reached. In addition, a user can be informed of the missing items needed to obtain the gold standard in the case of a sub-optimal image. The invention can become a virtual application specialist of the manufacturer of the imaging device, assisting the user to achieve gold standard images in the absence of a technical instructor.  
         [0027]    Although the invention has been described in an ultrasound embodiment, the invention is applicable to any imaging device. For example, a camera can be installed in a satellite to look for patterns relating to the use of land for certain crops, such as coffee or cocoa, as well as illegal crops such as coca or marijuana. In this case, the remote controller of the camera uses a library of gold standard images tailored to the recognition of agricultural patterns. Should the gold standard related to the cultivation of a certain crop not be achieved, the device provides a list of problems, such as “Angle too Wide”, “Lack of Resolution”, etc., and a list of proposed remedies, such as the satellite trajectory to achieve to best angle of view, or to enhance resolution by combining Doppler and laser technology to perform an infrared scan. It will be apparent to the skilled practitioner that use of the invention with any imaging system where the imaging is performed by a human being is within the scope of the invention. The invention is defined by the accompanying claims.