Abstract:
A synergistic antimicrobial composition containing flumetsulam and an isothiazolone biocide chosen from among 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and N-n-butyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one. A synergistic antimicrobial composition containing diclosulam and an isothiazolone biocide chosen from 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.

Description:
This invention relates to combinations of biocides, the combinations having greater activity than would be observed for the individual antimicrobial compounds. 
     Use of combinations of at least two antimicrobial compounds can broaden potential markets, reduce use concentrations and costs, and reduce waste. In some cases, commercial antimicrobial compounds cannot provide effective control of microorganisms, even at high use concentrations, due to weak activity against certain types of microorganisms, e.g., those resistant to some antimicrobial compounds. Combinations of different antimicrobial compounds are sometimes used to provide overall control of microorganisms in a particular end use environment. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,760 discloses a combination of 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate (IPBC) and 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT), but this reference does not suggest any of the combinations claimed herein. Moreover, there is a need for additional combinations of antimicrobial compounds having enhanced activity against various strains of microorganisms to provide effective control of the microorganisms, especially in dry film coatings. The problem addressed by this invention is to provide such additional combinations of antimicrobial compounds. 
     STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to a synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising: (a) flumetsulam; and (b) an isothiazolone biocide selected from the group consisting of 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (OIT) and N-n-butyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BBIT); wherein a weight ratio of flumetsulam to 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is from 15:1 to 1:15, a weight ratio of flumetsulam to 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is from 7:1 to 1:5 and a weight ratio of flumetsulam to N-n-butyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one is from 15:1 to 1:15. 
     The present invention is further directed to a synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising: (a) diclosulam; and (b) an isothiazolone biocide selected from the group consisting of 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; wherein a weight ratio of diclosulam to 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is from 7:1 to 1:3 and a weight ratio of diclosulam to 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is from 7:1 to 1:1.5 or 1:3 to 1:7. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     As used herein, the following terms have the designated definitions, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Fluometsulam is N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-methyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide. Diclosulam is N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethoxy-7-fluoro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide. The term “antimicrobial compound” refers to a compound capable of inhibiting the growth of or controlling the growth of microorganisms; antimicrobial compounds include bactericides, bacteristats, fungicides, fungistats, algaecides and algistats, depending on the dose level applied, system conditions and the level of microbial control desired. The term “microorganism” includes, for example, fungi (such as yeast and mold), bacteria and algae. The following abbreviations are used throughout the specification: ppm=parts per million by weight (weight/weight), mL=milliliter, ATCC=American Type Culture Collection, and MIC=minimum inhibitory concentration. Unless otherwise specified, temperatures are in degrees centigrade (° C.), and references to percentages are by weight (wt %). Percentages of antimicrobial compounds in the composition of this invention are based on the total weight of active ingredients in the composition, i.e., the antimicrobial compounds themselves, exclusive of any amounts of solvents, carriers, dispersants, stabilizers or other materials which may be present. 
     Preferably, when the antimicrobial composition comprises flumetsulam and DCOIT, a weight ratio of flumetsulam to DCOIT is from 15:1 to 1:12, preferably from 12:1 to 1:12, preferably from 12:1 to 1:10; preferably from 10:1 to 1:10. 
     Preferably, when the antimicrobial composition comprises flumetsulam and OIT, a weight ratio of flumetsulam to OIT is from 7:1 to 1:4; preferably from 6:1 to 1:4; preferably from 7:1 to 1:3; preferably from 6:1 to 1:3; preferably from 5:1 to 1:3. 
     Preferably, when the antimicrobial composition comprises flumetsulam and BBIT, a weight ratio of a weight ratio of flumetsulam to BBIT is from 15:1 to 1:12; preferably from 12:1 to 1:12; preferably from 12:1 to 1:10; preferably from 10:1 to 1:10. 
     Preferably, when the antimicrobial composition comprises diclosulam and DCOIT, a weight ratio of diclosulam to DCOIT is from 6:1 to 1:3; preferably from 5:1 to 1:3; preferably from 6:1 to 1:2; preferably from 5:1 to 1:2. 
     Preferably, when the antimicrobial composition comprises diclosulam and OIT, a weight ratio of diclosulam to OIT is from 7:1 to 1:1.5 or 1:3 to 1:6; preferably from 6:1 to 1:1.5 or 1:3 to 1:6; preferably from 5:1 to 1:1.5 or 1:3 to 1:5; preferably from 7:1 to 1:1 or 1:3 to 1:5; preferably from 6:1 to 1:1 or 1:3 to 1:5; preferably from 5:1 to 1:1 or 1:3 to 1:5; preferably from 5:1 to 1:1; preferably from 5:1 to 2:1. 
     Preferably, flumetsulam in combination with DCOIT and/or OIT is used to inhibit growth of fungi in an aqueous medium. Preferably, the ratio of flumetsulam to DCOIT is from 15:1 to 1:4; preferably from 12:1 to 1:4; preferably from 12:1 to 1:3; preferably from 10:1 to 1:3; preferably from 10:1 to 1:2. Preferably, the ratio of flumetsulam to OIT is from from 7:1 to 1:4; preferably from 6:1 to 1:4; preferably from 7:1 to 1:3; preferably from 6:1 to 1:3; preferably from 5:1 to 1:3. 
     The antimicrobial compositions described above may contain more than one of the listed isothiazolone biocides and/or other biocides. 
     Preferably, the antimicrobial combinations of this invention are incorporated into liquid compositions, especially dispersions of polymers in aqueous media. The biocide combinations are particularly useful in preservation of building materials, e.g., adhesives, caulk, joint compound, sealant, wallboard, etc), paints, coatings, polymers, plastics, synthetic and natural rubber, paper products, fiberglass sheets, insulation, exterior insulating finishing systems, roofing and flooring felts, building plasters, wood products and wood-plastic composites. Preferably, the antimicrobial compositions are latex paints or other liquid coating compositions containing the biocide combinations disclosed herein. The biocide combinations are useful for preservation of the dry film coating resulting after application of a paint or other liquid coating composition. Preferably, the antimicrobial composition is an acrylic latex paint comprising one or more of the biocide combinations disclosed herein, or the dry film coating resulting from application of the paint to a surface. 
     Typically, the amount of the biocide combinations of the present invention to control the growth of microorganisms is from 100 ppm to 10,000 ppm active ingredient. Preferably, the active ingredients of the composition are present in an amount of at least 300 ppm, preferably at least 500 ppm, preferably at least 600 ppm, preferably at least 700 ppm. Preferably, the active ingredients of the composition are present in an amount of no more than 8,000 ppm, preferably no more than 6,000 ppm, preferably no more than 5,000 ppm, preferably no more than 4,000 ppm, preferably no more than 3,000 ppm, preferably no more than 2500 ppm, preferably no more than 2,000 ppm, preferably no more than 1,800 ppm, preferably no more than 1,600 ppm. Concentrations mentioned above are in a liquid composition containing the biocide combinations; biocide levels in the dry film coating will be higher. 
     The present invention also encompasses a method for preventing microbial growth in building materials, especially in dry film coatings, by incorporating any of the claimed biocide combinations into the materials. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Sample Preparation: 
     A single or blend of biocides was post added into white acrylic latex paint free of biocides to give a maximum total active ingredient/s concentration tested. This paint was then diluted with a biocide free acrylic latex paint to give targeted concentrations for the testing. Depending on the type of biocide blends tested, the total biocides concentrations varies from 200 to 5000 ppm. After biocides addition or dilution, each sample was hand mixed for at least a minute until uniformity is achieved. Each of the paint samples as well as a control sample (containing no biocide) were used to prepare films on black plastic-vinyl chloride/acetate copolymer panels (LENETA, Mahwah, N.J.) using a 3 mil (0.0762 mm) bird bar applicator. The panels were thoroughly dried for at least 2 days avoiding direct exposure to sunlight. Square discs (0.5 inch; 1.27 cm 2 ) were cut out from each panel and were used as the substrate for fungal and algal efficacy tests. This sample size allowed for an agar border when the sample disc was placed into the well of the test plate. Each sample was tested in duplicate 
     Test Conditions: 
     The appropriate media (BOLD&#39;S 3N for Chlorophytes, BG-11 for Cyanobacteria, and PDA for fungi) were used to support microbial growth. The test plates were maintained at room temp (25° C.-26° C.), in a cycled light-dark environment, for four weeks for algae. Plates for fungal challenge tests were maintained at 30 C for four weeks. At the end of the incubation period the samples were scored for percent area covered by visible microbial growth. 
     Algal Inoculum 
                                                             Medium                       for       Organisms   abbreviation       Type   testing                     Gloeocapsa     Gs   ATCC 29159   Unicellular,   BG-11       sp.           Colonial                   Cyanobacteria         Oscillatoria     Os   ATCC 29135   Filamentous   BG-11       sp.           Cyanobacteria         Nostoc     Nc   CCAP 1453/29   Unicellular,   Bold         commune             Cenobial                   Chlorophyte         Trentepohlia     Ta + To   UTEX LB 429 +   Filamentous   Bold         aurea  +       CCAP 483/4   Chlorophyte         Trentepohlia           odorata           Chlorella  sp.   Cs + Ck   ATCC 30582 +   Unicellular   Bold       UTEX +       ATCC 11468   Chlorophyte         Chlorella           kessleri           Calothrix     Cp   UTEX LB 1952   Filamentous   Bold         parientina             Cyanobacteria                    
Fungal Inoculum
 
                                                                       Medium for                   Growth and       Organisms   abbreviation   ATCC#   Testing                                  Aspergillus niger     An   9642   PDA         Penicillium funiculosum     Pf   11797   PDA         Cladosporium herbarum     Ch   11281   PDA         Aureobasidium pullulans     Ap   9348   PDA         Trichoderma viride     Tv   32630   PDA         Alternaria alternata     Aa   20084   PDA                    
Algal Efficacy Testing—Modified ASTM 5589
 
     ASTM 5589 is a standard accelerated test method for determining resistance of various coatings (including paints) to algal defacement. To accommodate for high-throughput screening, this method was scaled down from petri plates to 6-well plates. A single coupon was placed with a pair of sterile forceps at the center of the agar plug (on top) with the painted surface facing upwards. Algal inoculums were prepared by mixing equal concentrations (1×10 6  cfu/ml) and equal volumes (depending on number of samples to be inoculated) of like growing organisms. 
     In Flumetsulam+various IT synergy study, three pool of mixed algae were prepared as the test inoculum,  Gloeocapsa  sp. and  Oscillatoria  sp. a mix of cyanobacteria grown on BG-11 media;  Chlorella  sp.,  Chlorella kessleri , and  Nostoc commune  are unicellular chlorphytes that were mixed and grown on Bold media;  Trentepohlia aurea, Tretepohlia odorata , and  Calotrix parientina  are filamentous algae that were mixed and grown on Bold media. 
     In Diclosulam+various IT synergy study, only two pools of mixed algae were prepared;  Gloeocapsa  sp. and  Oscillatoria  sp. grown on BG-11 media and  Chlorella  sp.,  Chlorella kessleri, Nostoc commune, Trentepohlia aurea, Tretepohlia odorata , and  Calotrix parientina  grown on Bold media 
     Each well that contains a tested coupon was inoculated with 400 μl of organism mixture (1×10 6  cfu/ml) making sure that the whole surface (paint film as well as the agar surrounding it) was evenly covered. The plates were incubated at room temp (25° C.-26° C.) with cyclic exposure to light (OTT-Lite model #OTL4012P, 40 Watt, 26 KLumen) and dark phases, for a period of four weeks. The total area covered was evaluated at the end of each week according to percent area covered in 5% increments. 
     Fungal Efficacy Testing—Modified ASTM 5590 
     ASTM 5590 is a standard accelerated test method for determining resistance of various coatings (including paints) to fungal defacement. To accommodate for high-throughput screening, this method was scaled down from petri plates to 6-well plates. To set up the test, an agar plug was placed at the bottom of each well of the sterile 6-well plate. A single coupon was placed with a pair of sterile forceps at the center of the agar plug (on top) with the painted surface facing upwards. Fungal inoculums were prepared by mixing equal concentrations (1×10 6  cfu/ml) and equal volumes (depending on number of samples to be tested) of like growing organisms. For Flumetsulam+various IT synergy study, three pools of mixed fungi were prepared as the test inoculum.  Cladosporium herbarum  was mixed with  Aureobasidium pullulans; Aspergillus niger  was mixed with  Penicillium funiculosum  and  Alternaria alternata  was mixed with  Trichoderma viride . For Diclosulam+various IT synergy study, all above fungi were mixed as a single pool. Each well was inoculated with 400 μl of organism mixture (1×10 6  cfu/ml) making sure that the whole surface (paint film as well as the agar surrounding it) was evenly covered. The plates were incubated at 30° C. in presence of moisture, for a period of four weeks. The total percent area covered was evaluated and recorded at the end of each week after the 2 nd  week and recorded in increments of 5%. 
     Synergy Index Calculation 
     Synergy Index (SI) 
     The SI is calculated based on F. C. Kull et. Al. method (Applied Microbiology, Vol. 9 (1961). In this study, SI was calculated based on the following formula with the minimum inhibitory concentration chosen based on the percent inhibitory exhibited by the individual biocide against each microorganisms tested.
 
SI= Qa/QA+Qb/QB  
 
     Qa=the concentration of Biocide A in the blend 
     QA=The concentration of Biocide A as the only biocide 
     Qb=The concentration of Biocide B in the blend 
     QB=The concentration of Biocide B as the only biocide 
     SI value of &lt;1 in the formula indicates a synergism of the blended biocides exists. 
     Note: If any of the active with maximum concentration tested did not exhibit some inhibition, this maximum concentration is used to calculate the estimated SI and a sign of less than (&lt;) is included to take into account that higher concentration of the active is needed to achieve the targeted inhibition 
     NE=no end point at the concentration tested that will meet the percent inhibition criteria set in each SI calculation 
     Flumetsulam: DCOIT Synergy Study 
                                                                                           AaTv   AnPf   ApCh   Cp + To + Ta   Cs + Ck + Nc   Gs + Os                                    1Flumet:1DCOIT                               Total conc, ppm   1150   575   575   575   575   575       % inhibition   100   95   100   100   100   100       SI   &lt;1.16   &lt;0.58   0.6   2.7   0.4   2.1       2Flumet:1DCOIT       Total conc, ppm   2588   862.5   862.5   431.25   431.25   431.25       % inhibition   100.0   90   100   95   100   100       SI   &lt;1.99   &lt;0.66   0.7   1.7   0.3   1.1       3Flumet:1DCOIT       Total conc, ppm   1000   1000   1000   1000   1000   1000       % inhibition   100   100   100   100   95   1000       SI   &lt;0.65   &lt;0.65   0.7   3.5   0.7   2.0       5Flumet:1DCOIT       Total conc, ppm   750   1500   750   750   750   750       % inhibition   80   90   95   100   100   100       SI   &lt;0.40   &lt;0.7   0.4   2.3   0.5   1.1       10Flumet:1DCOIT       Total conc, ppm   1650   1650   825   825   1650   825       % inhibition   100   90   100   100   100   100       SI   &lt;0.69   &lt;0.69   0.3   2.2   1.0   0.8       1Flumet:2DCOIT       Total conc, ppm   888   444   444   444   444   444       % inhibition   90   100   100   95   100   100       SI   &lt;1.11   &lt;0.56   0.6   2.4   0.3   2.1       1Flumet:5DCOIT       Total conc, ppm   1380   690   690   690   690   690       % inhibition   100   100   100   100   100   100       SI   &lt;2.1   &lt;1.0   1.0   4.3   0.6   4.0       1Flumet:10DCOIT       Total conc, ppm   632.5   632.5   632.5   632.5   632.5   632.5       % inhibition   90   100   100   100   100   100       SI   &lt;1.01   &lt;1.0   1.0   4.1   0.5   4.0       Flumetsulam       Total conc, ppm   3500   3500   3500   437.5   1750   2625       % inhibition   0   0   90   95   100   100       DCOIT       Total conc, ppm   575   575   862.5   143.75   1150   143.75       % inhibition   85   100   100   100   100   100                    
Flumetsulam: OTT Synergy Study
 
                                                                                           AaTv   AnPf   ApCh   Cp + To + Ta   Cs + Ck + Nc   Gs + Os                                    1Flumet:1OIT                               Total conc, ppm   750   750   750   750   750   750       % inhibition   100   100   100   100   100   100       SI   &lt;0.50   0.9   &lt;0.5   1.7   1.0   1.7       2Flumet:1OIT       Total conc, ppm   750   750   750   750   750   750       % inhibition   100.0   100   95   100   100   90       SI   &lt;0.4   0.7   &lt;0.4   1.7   0.7   1.7       3Flumet:1OIT       Total conc, ppm   750   750   1500   750   750   750       % inhibition   100   95   95   95   100   100       SI   &lt;0.40   0.6   &lt;0.70   1.7   0.6   7.0       5Flumet:1OIT       Total conc, ppm   1800   687.5   1800   687.5   687.5   687.5       % inhibition   100   95   100   90   100   95       SI   &lt;0.80   0.3   &lt;0.80   1.6   0.4   1.6       1Flumet:3OIT       Total conc, ppm   600   1200   600   600   600   600       % inhibition   100   100   90   100   100   95       SI   &lt;0.5   2.1   &lt;0.50   1.3   1.1   1.3       1Flumet:2OIT       Total conc, ppm   675   1350   675   675   675   675       % inhibition   100   100   100   100   100   100       SI   &lt;0.60   2.1   &lt;0.60   1.5   1.1   1.5       Flumetsulam       Total conc, ppm   3500   3500   3500   437.5   2625   437.5       % inhibition   0   65   0   60   65   90       OIT       Total conc, ppm   900   450   900   450   450   450       % inhibition   100   100   80   100   100   100                    
Flumetsulam: BBIT Synergy Study
 
                                                                                           AaTv   AnPf   ApCh   Cp + To + Ta   Cs + Ck + Nc   Gs + Os                                    1Flumet:1BBIT                               Total conc, ppm   NE   575   575   NE   1150   575       % inhibition       60   80       80   100       SI       &lt;0.33   &lt;0.58       &lt;0.66   &lt;0.33       2Flumet:1BBIT       Total conc, ppm   NE   431   1725   NE   1725   1725       % inhibition       80   60       80   100       SI       &lt;0.21   &lt;1.32       &lt;0.83   &lt;0.83       3Flumet:1BBIT       Total conc, ppm   NE   1000   NE   NE   1000   3000       % inhibition       80           60   80       SI       &lt;0.43           &lt;0.43   &lt;1.30       5Flumet:1BBIT       Total conc, ppm   NE   1500   NE   3000   3000   3000       % inhibition       80       60   60   60       SI       &lt;0.57       1.2   &lt;1.14   &lt;1.15       10Flumet:1BBIT       Total conc, ppm   NE   825   NE   2475   1650   825       % inhibition       80       100   80   100       SI       &lt;0.28       &lt;0.84   &lt;0.56   &lt;0.28       1Flumet:1.8BBIT       Total conc, ppm   NE   887.5   NE   NE   887.5   887.5       % inhibition       80           60   60       SI       &lt;0.59           &lt;0.59   &lt;0.59       1Flumet:5 BBIT       Total conc, ppm   NE   1035   NE   NE   690   690       % inhibition       80           100   60       SI       &lt;0.8           &lt;0.53   &lt;0.53       1Flumet:10 BBIT       Total conc, ppm   NE   949   NE   NE   949   632.5       % inhibition       80           80   80       SI       &lt;0.77           &lt;0.77   &lt;0.52       Flumetsulam       Total conc, ppm   3500   3500   3500   3500   3500   3500       % inhibition   0   0   0   0   0   0       BBIT       Total conc, ppm   1150   1150   575   1150   1150   1150       % inhibition   0   0   80   0   0   0                    
Synergy Study of Diclosulam and DCOIT
 
                                                               Aa + Tv + An +   Cp + To + Ta +           Ratios   Pf + Ap + Ch   Cs + Ck + Nc   Gs + Os                                1Diclosulam:1DCOIT                   Total conc, ppm   575   575   575       % inhibition   85   100   100       SI   0.5   1.1   1.1       Dicolosulam:2DCOIT       Total conc, ppm   887.5   443.75   443.75       % inhibition   100   100   100       SI   1.0   0.8   0.8       1Diclosulam:5DCOIT       Total conc, ppm   690   690   690       % inhibition   95   100   100       SI   1.0   1.1   1.1       1Diclosulam:10DCOIT       Total conc, ppm   632.5   632.5   632.5       % inhibition   95   100   100       SI   0.9   1.0   1.0       2Diclosulam:1DCOIT       Total conc, ppm   862.5   443.75   443.75       % inhibition   87.5   100   100       SI   0.6   0.9   0.9       5Diclosulam:1DCOIT       Total conc, ppm   1500   750   750       % inhibition   85   100   100       SI   0.8   1.6   1.6       10Diclosulam:1DCOIT       Total conc, ppm   3300   825   825       % inhibition   90   100   100       SI   1.3   1.8   1.8       Diclosulam       Total conc, ppm   3500   437.5   437.5       % inhibition   40   100   100       DCOIT       Total conc, ppm   625   625   625       % inhibition   80   100   100                    
Synergy Study of Diclosulam+OIT
 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aa + Tv + 
                 Cp + To + 
                   
               
               
                 Ratios 
                 An + Pf + Ap + Ch 
                 Ta + Cs + Ck + Nc 
                 Gs + Os 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1Diclosulam:1OIT 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 750 
                 2250 
                 750 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 SI 
                 &lt;0.9 
                 3.8 
                 1.3 
               
               
                 2Dicolosulam:1OIT 
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 750 
                 2250 
                 1500 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 80 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 SI 
                 &lt;0.7 
                 4.3 
                 2.8 
               
               
                 3Diclosulam:1OIT 
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 750 
                 2250 
                 750 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 SI 
                 &lt;0.6 
                 4.5 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 5Diclosulam:1OIT 
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 687.5 
                 2700 
                 687.5 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 100 
                 80 
                 100 
               
               
                 SI 
                 &lt;0.3 
                 5.6 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 1Diclosulam:3OIT 
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 600 
                 600 
                 600 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 SI 
                 &lt;1.0 
                 1.0 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 1Diclosulam:2OIT 
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 675 
                 675 
                 675 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 SI 
                 &lt;1.1 
                 1.0 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 1Diclosulam:5OIT 
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 540 
                 1080 
                 540 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 SI 
                 1.0 
                 1.4 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 1Diclosulam:10OIT 
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 990 
                 990 
                 990 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 SI 
                 &lt;2.0 
                 1.2 
                 1.2 
               
               
                 Diclosulam 
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 3500 
                 437.5 
                 437.5 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 0 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 OIT 
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 450 
                 900 
                 900 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100