Abstract:
The present invention relates to a cable system ( 100 ) for a vehicle, the cable system ( 100 ) being suitable for providing an operative link between a plurality of devices ( 110 ) in the vehicle and their associated activation ( 112 ), which associated activation switches ( 112 ) are spaced apart from the devices ( 110 ), the cable system ( 100 ) comprising a wiring loom ( 108 ) comprising a single signal wire ( 204 ); for each device, a receiver assembly ( 104 ) connectable to the device and a transmitter assembly ( 102 ) connectable to the device&#39;s associated activation switch, wherein the clock pulses and signal pulses are of substantially equal amplitude. The invention further relates to a method on controlling devices within a vehicle and transmitter and received assemblies. The invention provides a convenient, efficient and cost-effective manner of controlling devices within a vehicle.

Description:
[0001]    The present invention relates to a cable system for a vehicle. In particular, it relates to a cable system suitable for providing an operative link between a plurality of devices in the vehicle and their associated activation switches, which associated activation switches are spaced apart from the devices, wherein the cable system comprises a wiring loom. The present invention further relates to methods of activation devices within a vehicle using this cable system. 
         [0002]    It is well known within the automobile and vehicle industry to use cable systems such as wiring looms or cable harnesses comprising a set of wires or multi-core cables for the transmission of signals and power from a control panel to a number of devices. These cable systems comprise a wire for each device, resulting in large numbers of wires. The sets of wires are bound together using suitable ties. 
         [0003]    There are a number of advantages associated with the use of wiring looms, including ease of manipulation and installation of the wiring. There are, however, a number of disadvantages associated with the wiring looms. Their manufacture is complicated and does not lend itself to automation. It therefore requires manual assembly which is a costly process. Furthermore, by providing a wire for each device, large amounts of wiring are used in each loom, which is also quite costly. 
         [0004]    In an alternative manner of controlling devices within vehicles it is known to reduce the number of signaling wires, using a form of multiplexing to control the devices. These systems must be implemented using complex and costly electronics. 
         [0005]    It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a cable system that overcomes at least some of the above mentioned problems. 
       STATEMENTS OF INVENTION 
       [0006]    According to the invention there is provided a cable system for a vehicle, the cable system being suitable for providing an operative link between a plurality of devices in the vehicle and their associated activation switches, which associated activation switches are spaced apart from the devices, the cable system comprising
       a wiring loom comprising a single signal wire;   a timer assembly adapted to generate a periodic clock pulse on the signal wire;   for each device, a receiver assembly connectable to the device and a transmitter assembly connectable to the device&#39;s associated activation switch,   characterised in that   for each device,
           the transmitter assembly is adapted to receive the periodic clock pulse and, on receipt of the clock pulse, to generate one signal pulse on the signal wire after a preset interval; and   the receiver assembly is adapted to receive the periodic clock pulse and the signal pulse after the preset interval;   
           wherein the clock pulse and signal pulse are of substantially equal amplitude.       
 
         [0015]    In this way, the cable system of the invention provides a simple and efficient manner for the control of devices within the vehicle, such as lights, motors, heating elements, solenoids, relays, horn, radio/music system, warning buzzers and motorised valves. The use of a single signal wire greatly reduces the quantity of wiring required to control the plurality of the devices within the vehicle, which in turn reduces the complexity of installing the wiring loom. Furthermore, the use of clock and signal pulses having the same amplitude reduces the complexity of hardware required to implement the cable system, as it is not necessary for the receiver assembly or transmitter assembly to include means to differentiate between the amplitude of clock pulses and signal pulses. 
         [0016]    Furthermore, the use of clock and signal pulses of the same amplitude eliminates the possibility of confusion between pulses due to variations in voltages on the signal wire. The cable system of the invention is robust with respect to variations in the voltage supply. 
         [0017]    In one embodiment of the invention there is provided a cable system in which each transmitter assembly comprises an isolation unit adapted to isolate the transmitter assembly from the signal line between clock pulses. In this way, signal pulses from other transmitter assemblies on the signal wire will not be received by a transmitter assembly and interpreted as a clock pulse. 
         [0018]    In an embodiment of the invention there is provided cable system in which the wiring loom consists of a ground wire, a supply wire and the signal wire. This is a particularly effective construction of wiring loom, allowing all devices within the vehicle to be powered and controlled using a simple three wire wiring loom. Furthermore, such a wiring loom would be neither complex nor expensive to create or install. 
         [0019]    In another embodiment of the invention there is provided a cable system in which the wiring loom consists of a ground wire and a combined supply and signal wire. In this way, an even simpler construction of wiring loom is provided, with the accompanying advantages of reduced cost and complexity. In this situation, charge pumps may be used to generate the pulses and divider circuits may be used to separate them. 
         [0020]    In a further embodiment of the invention there is provided a cable system in which the wiring loom consists of a ground wire and a load supply wire, a control supply wire and signal wire. In this way, the cable system may be used to control one or more devices presenting a large inductive load 
         [0021]    In an alternative embodiment of the invention there is provided a cable system in which the timer assembly comprises an astable multivibrator. This is a particularly effective method of providing periodic clock pulse. 
         [0022]    In one embodiment of the invention there is provided a cable system in which each transmitter assembly and receiver assembly comprises a monostable multivibrator. This is a particularly effective method of generating a signal pulse, or reference pulse for comparison with a signal pulse. 
         [0023]    In another embodiment of the invention there is provided a cable system in which the isolation means comprises a monostable multivibrator. This is a particularly effective method of providing a pulse to isolate the transmitter assembly from the signal wire. 
         [0024]    According to the invention there is further a provided a receiver assembly for use with the cable system of the invention comprising
       means to receive the clock pulse;   means to receive the signal pulse, of substantially equal amplitude to the clock pulse, after the preset interval; and   means to activate the device on receipt of the signal pulse.       
 
         [0028]    In this way, the receiver assembly may act to operate the required devices on receipt of a suitable signal pulse from the transmitter assembly. 
         [0029]    In a further embodiment of the invention there is provided a receiver assembly in which the means to receive the signal pulse comprise means to generate a reference pulse after the preset interval; and means to combine the reference pulse and signal pulse in an AND operation. The use of a reference pulse whose generation is triggered by the same clock pulse as is used to trigger the signal pulse is a convenient manner to ensure that the device is activated on receipt of the appropriately timed signal pulse. 
         [0030]    In an alternative embodiment of the invention there is provided a receiver assembly in which the means to generate a reference pulse comprise a first pulse generator adapted to generate a first pulse, on receipt of the clock pulse, of the duration of the preset interval; a second pulse timer adapted to generate a second pulse, on receipt of the clock pulse, of the duration of the preset interval plus a pulse width; and means to combine the first pulse and second pulse in an XOR operation. In this way, the result of the XOR operation is an appropriately timed reference pulse. 
         [0031]    According to the invention there is further a provided a transmitter assembly for use with the cable system comprising means to receive the clock pulse; means to generate a signal pulse after a preset interval comprising a first pulse generator adapted to generate a first pulse, on receipt of the clock pulse, of the duration of the preset interval, a second pulse timer adapted to generate a second pulse, on receipt of the clock pulse, of a duration of the preset interval plus a pulse width; and means to combine the first pulse and second pulse in an XOR operation. This is a particularly efficient way of providing a transmitter assembly that can provide a suitably timed signal pulse on the signal wire in response to the clock pulse. 
         [0032]    According to the invention there is further a provided a method for controlling a plurality of devices in a vehicle, the method adapted to operate in a vehicle comprising the plurality of devices, each device having an associated activation switch, spaced apart therefrom, the devices and their switches being connected by a wiring loom having a single signal wire, each device being connected to the signal wire by way of a receiver assembly and each activation switch being connected to the signal wire by way of a transmitter assembly, the signal wire being further connected to a timer assembly, the steps of the method comprising
       the receiver assembly receiving a periodic clock pulse, having an amplitude, from the timer assembly, on the signal wire;   the receiver assembly reading a signal from the signal wire at a preset interval after the clock pulse;   the receiving assembly ascertaining if a signal pulse is present on the signal wire at the preset interval after the clock pulse;   if a signal pulse is present, the receiving assembly activating the device       
 
         [0037]    In this way, the method of the invention allows for the many devices within the vehicle to be controlled in a simple and efficient manner, using non-complex and easy to install components. The control of the devices is simplified by having a single signal wire for installation, and by requiring components for generating only pulses of a one amplitude. 
         [0038]    In one embodiment of the invention there is provided a method in which the step of the receiving assembly ascertaining if a signal pulse is present on the signal wire comprises the receiving assembly generating a reference pulse at the preset interval after the clock pulse; and ascertaining if the reference pulse coincides with a signal pulse on the signal wire. This is a particularly efficient manner of ensuring the device is activated when the correct signal pulse is present on the signal wire. 
         [0039]    In another embodiment of the invention there is provided a method in which the step of ascertaining if the reference pulse coincides with a signal pulse on the signal wire comprises combining the reference pulse and the signal on the signal line in an AND operation. This is a particularly efficient manner of combining the signal and reference pulse so as to ensure that the device is activated only when both pulses are present at the same time. 
         [0040]    According to the invention there is further a provided a method for controlling a plurality of devices in a vehicle, the method adapted to operate in a vehicle comprising the plurality of devices, each device having an associated activation switch, spaced apart therefrom, the devices and their switches being connected by a wiring loom having a single signal wire, each device being connected to the signal wire by way of a receiver assembly and each activation switch being connected to the signal wire by way of a transmitter assembly, the signal wire being further connected to a timer assembly, the steps of the method comprising
       the timer assembly transmitting a periodic clock pulse, having an amplitude, on the signal wire,   then for each transmitter assembly and receiver assembly pair,
           the transmitter assembly receiving the clock pulse and transmitting a signal pulse, of substantially the same amplitude, on the signal wire, a preset interval after the clock pulse;   the receiver assembly receiving the clock pulse and reading a signal from the signal wire, a preset interval after the clock pulse;
               wherein the preset interval is the same for the transmitter assembly and receiver assembly pair within a pair,   
               the receiving assembly ascertaining if a signal pulse is present on the signal wire at the preset interval after the clock pulse;   if a signal pulse is present, the receiving assembly activating the device.   
               
 
         [0048]    In this way, the method of the invention allows a chosen device to be activated by the activation switch causing a signal pulse to be placed on the signal wire at a predetermined timeslot, which pulse is then read by the receiver assembly. This is a particularly efficient and simple manner of controlling the many devices within a vehicle. 
         [0049]    In one embodiment of the invention there is provided a method in which the step of the receiving assembly ascertaining if a signal pulse is present on the signal wire comprises the receiving assembly generating a reference pulse at the present interval after the clock pulse; and ascertaining if the reference pulse coincides with a signal pulse on the signal wire. This is a particularly efficient manner of ensuring the device is activated when the correct signal pulse is present on the signal wire. 
         [0050]    In another embodiment of the invention there is provided a method in which the step of ascertaining if the reference pulse coincides with a signal pulse on the signal wire comprises combining the reference pulse and the signal on the signal wire in an AND operation. This is a particularly efficient manner of combining the signal and reference pulse so as to ensure that the device is activated only when both pulses are present at the same time. 
         [0051]    According to further aspect of the invention there is provided a device for use in a vehicle comprising the receiver assembly of the invention. By incorporating the receiver assembly into devices, the device or vehicle manufacturer can ensure that only suitable replacement devices are be sold, as replacement devices without the receiver assembly of the invention would not work in vehicles using the cable system of the invention. 
     
    
     
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
         [0052]    The invention will now be more clearly understood from the following description of an embodiment thereof given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:— 
           [0053]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of the system according to the invention; 
           [0054]      FIG. 2  is a diagrammatic representation of a wiring loom according to the invention; 
           [0055]      FIG. 3  is a circuit schematic of a timer assembly according to the invention; 
           [0056]      FIG. 4  is a circuit schematic of a transmitter assembly according to the invention; 
           [0057]      FIG. 5  is a circuit schematic of a receiver assembly according to the invention; 
           [0058]      FIG. 6  is a circuit schematic of an alternative embodiment transmitter assembly according to the invention 
           [0059]      FIG. 7  is a timing diagram for the operation of the system according to the invention; 
       
    
    
       [0060]    Referring to the drawings, and initially to  FIG. 1  thereof, there is shown a cable system  100 , comprising a plurality of transmitter assemblies  102 , a plurality of receiver assemblies  104 , a timer assembly  106  and a wiring loom  108  connected between the transmitter assemblies  102  and receiver assemblies  104 . Each receiver assembly  104  is connected to an electrically operated device  110 . Each device  110  is controlled by an activation switch  112  which is forms part of the associated transmitter assembly  102  of the cable system  100 . 
         [0061]    Referring now to  FIG. 2 , there is shown the wiring loom  108  of  FIG. 1  which consists of three wires, a supply wire  200  and ground wire  202  for supplying power to the devices  110  and a signal wire  204  for signalling to the device  110  when to turn on or off. The three wires  200 ,  202 ,  204  are comprised within a single sleeve  206 . 
         [0062]    Referring now to  FIG. 3 , in which like parts have been given the same reference numerals as before, there is shown a circuit schematic of the timer assembly, indicated generally by the reference numeral  106 , comprising the supply wire  200  labelled ‘V+’, the ground wire  202  labelled ‘0V’. The timer assembly  106  further comprises an astable multivibrator  300  comprising a 555 timer IC  300  connected to a number of suitable timing resistors and capacitors. The astable multivibrator generates a pulse of duration t with a period T. The output of the astable multivibrator is supplied to the signal wire  204 . In this case, the values of the components are as follows: R 1  is a 22 kΩ resistor, R 2  is a 386Ω resistor and R 3  is 10 kΩ resistor; C 1  is a 100 nF capacitor, C 2  is a 3.3 μF capacitor and T 1  is a P-channel MOSFET. The timing components have been chosen such that the astable multivibrator operates at 20 Hz, generating a pulse where t=1 ms and T=50 ms. In this way, the timing assembly generates a 1 ms clock pulse on the signal line every 50 ms. 
         [0063]    Referring now to  FIG. 4 , in which like parts have been given the same reference numerals as before, there is shown a circuit schematic of a transmitter assembly  102  according to the invention showing the supply wire  200  labelled ‘V+’, the ground wire  202  labelled ‘0V’ and the signal wire  204  labelled ‘Sig’. The system of the invention will operate correctly with a V+ of between 6V and 15V. The transmitter assembly  102  comprises an isolation timer  400  which includes a 555 timer IC configured as a monostable multivibrator; a first pulse timer  402  which includes a 555 timer IC configured as a monostable multivibrator; and a second pulse timer  404  which includes a 555 timer IC configured as a monostable multivibrator. The resistance values used in this example are as follows: R 1  is 1.2 kΩ, R 2  is 10 kΩ, R 3  is 1 kΩ, R 4  is 180 kΩ, R 5  is 10 kΩ, R 6  is 10 kΩ, R 7  are R 8  are selected to implement the required pulse placement, R 9  is kΩ, R 10  is 10 kΩ, and R 11  is 10 kΩ. The capacitance values used in this example are as follows: C 1  is 2.2 nF, C 2  is 3.3 μF, C 3  is 220 nF, C 4  is 220 nF and C 5  is 220 nF. Transistors T 1  to T 5  are all P-channel MOSFETSs. The timing components of the isolation timer  400  are chosen such that, when triggered by the falling edge of the clock pulse on the signal line, the isolation timer  400  generates an isolation pulse of duration T−t, in this case 50−1=49 ms. The first pulse timer  402  and second pulse timer  404  are also triggered by the falling edge of the clock pulse and their timing components are chosen such that the second pulse timer  404  will generate a pulse of duration P 2  that is t seconds, in this case one millisecond, longer than the pulse of duration P 1  generated by the first pulse timer  402  i.e. P 1 +t=P 2 . The outputs of the first pulse timer  402  and second pulse timer  404  are then put through an Exclusive OR gate  406  generating a signal pulse of duration t at a time P 1  after the clock pulse is generated. In this way, by varying the values of the timing components of the monostable multivibrators  402 ,  404  a signal pulse of duration t may be generated at any interval within the period T of the astable multivibrator of the timer assembly  106 . The signal pulse generated by the XOR gate  406  is transmitted to the signal wire  204  when the activation switch  112  is closed, the activation switch  112  being connected between the XOR gate  406  and the signal line  204 . 
         [0064]    Referring now to  FIG. 5 , in which like parts have been given the same reference numerals as before, there is shown a circuit schematic of a receiver assembly  102  according to the invention showing the supply wire  200  labelled ‘V+’, the ground wire  202  labelled ‘0V’ and the signal wire  204  labelled ‘Sig’. The receiver board comprises the same components as the transmitter board including receiver isolation timer  500 , a receiver first pulse timer  502  and a receiver second pulse timer  504  such that a reference pulse of duration t is generated on the receiver board at time P 1  in response to the falling edge of the clock pulse on the signal line. This signal is used as a reference signal on the receiver board and is then combined with the incoming signal line  204  by way of an ‘AND’ operation such that the result of the combination will only provide a pulse if the reference pulse from the receiver board coincides with the signal pulse that has been generated on the signal line by the transmitter assembly. The pulse generated by the AND operation is then supplied to the device to be operated, thus switching it on. 
         [0065]    Referring now to  FIG. 6 , in which like parts have been given the same reference numerals as before, there is shown a circuit schematic for an alternative embodiment of the transmitter assembly, comprising a 558 timer IC  700 . This is a quad version of the 555 timer, and therefore provides for a reduced footprint in the design. The pin-out of this chip is as follows: pins  3 ,  6 ,  11 , and  14  are trigger pins; pins  2 ,  7 ,  10  and  15  are timing pins and pins  1 ,  8 ,  9  and  16  are the output pins. One timer in the package acts as the isolation timer, while a second timer acts as to provide a timing pulse whose falling edge triggers a third timer to generate a signal pulse for transmission to the receiver assembly. The values for the components are as follows: R 2  is 180 kΩ; R 3  is chosen according to the desired signal pulse position; and R 4  is 3 kΩ. C 2 , C 3  and C 4  are each 200 nF, while T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4  and T 5  are all P-channel MOSFETs. 
         [0066]    This embodiment further comprises a pair of simple R-C low pass filters. The first low pass filter comprises R 1   702 , having resistance of 1.2 kΩ, and C 1   704 , having a capacitance of 2.2. nF, giving a time constant of 2.64 μs. The first low pass filter interacts with the incoming pulse on the signal wire  204 . The second low pass filter comprises R 5 , having a resistance of 1 kΩ, and C 5  having a capacitance of 2.2 μF, giving a time constant of 2.2 ms. The second low pass filter interacts with the isolation timer, which is triggered on the falling edge of the clock pulse, delaying its isolation affect on the reference timer so as to ensure that the reference timer is triggered before it is isolated. Filters having such relatively large time constants facilitate the low-frequency operation of the cable system of the invention. The low pass filters help prevent voltage spikes interfering with the operation of the system, and have the added advantage of shaping the pulses so as to reduce electromagnetic emissions. The pull-up resistors on all outputs, and the pull-down resistors on all MOSFET drains, have been omitted from this diagram. It will be understood that the implementation shown in  FIG. 6  may be used in the receiver assembly for the generation of the reference pulse. It will be understood that the low pass filters are not limited to use with the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 6 , but may be used with other embodiments as well. 
         [0067]    Referring now to  FIG. 7 , there is shown a timing diagram for the operation of a device using the system of the invention, including the transmitter assembly of  FIG. 4  and the receiver assembly of  FIG. 5 . Plot a illustrates the clock pulse  600 , of duration t and period T, generated on the signal wire. Plot b illustrates the isolation pulse  602 , of duration T−t, generated by the isolation timer  400 , when triggered by the falling edge of the clock pulse of plot a. Plot c illustrates the first timer pulse  604  of duration P 1  generated by the first pulse timer  402 ,  502 . Plot d illustrates the second timer pulse  606  of duration P 1 +p=P 2  generated by the second pulse timer  404 ,  504  in response to the clock pulse  600 . Plot e illustrates the signal pulse  608 , of duration p that is generated when the first timer pulse  604  and second timer pulse  606  are XORed together. The amplitude of each pulse is substantially similar. These substantially equal amplitudes will be maintained as long as the supply voltage remains substantially within the range 6V to 15V. This provides a versatile system that is not limited to a narrow range of acceptable supply voltages. 
         [0068]    In use, the cable system  100  is installed in a vehicle (not shown) such that each transmitter assembly  102  is connected to the activation switch  112  for controlling a device  110  and each receiver assembly  104  is connected to a device  110 . The wiring loom  108  consisting of the supply wire  200 , ground wire  202  and signal wire  204  is connected between the transmitter assemblies  102  and the receiver assemblies  104 , and is further connected to the timer assembly  106 . The wiring loom  108  is connected in such a way that each transmitter assembly  102 , receiver assembly  104  and timer assembly  106  is connected to the signal wire  204 . In this way, the clock pulse generated by the astable multivibrator of the timer assembly  106  will be transmitted along the signal wire  204  to each transmitter assembly  102  and each receiver assembly  104 . In each of the transmitter and receiver assemblies, the clock pulse will trigger the isolation timer, first pulse timer  402  and second pulse timer  404 . Triggering the isolation timer of a particular assembly ensures that that assembly will be isolated from any further activity on the signal wire until the next clock pulse is generated. Triggering the first pulse timer  402 ,  502  and second pulse timer  404 ,  504  of a particular assembly generates a single pulse of duration p at a pre-determined time during the period T of the timer assembly. In the diagram, the duration t of the clock pulse is the same as the duration p of the signal pulse. While this is a convenient arrangement, it is not a requirement of the invention. As it is the falling edge of the clock pulse that triggers the other components in the invention, the length t of the clock pulse is not particularly important, as long as there is only one falling edge per period T. Additionally, it will be understood that the signal pulse should not be too narrow so that minor variations in pulse positioning due to component values are tolerated by the system. It will be understood that the aim of the invention is provide a simple control mechanism that does not require complex components and assembly. Ideally, the invention will operate well using components having 5% tolerance values. 
         [0069]    If a user wishes to operate a specific device on a vehicle, he will operate the appropriate the activation switch  112  for that device on the transmitter assembly  102  connected to that activation switch  112 , thus allowing the signal pulse generated by that transmitter assembly  102  to be transmitted to the signal wire  204 . That signal pulse will travel along the signal wire to the receiver assemblies wherein the data on the signal wire is ANDed together with the output from the receiver first pulse timer  402  and the receiver second pulse timer  404  such that only if the signal pulse on the signal line corresponds with the reference pulse generated on the receiver assembly will the device be activated. It will be understood that the activation switch  112  for each device may be directly located on the transmitter assembly  102 , or it may be a separate switch connected thereto. For example, if the cable system of the invention was used to control a device on a trailer attached to a primary vehicle, the activation switch  112  would correspond to an indirect switching arrangement connected between the primary vehicle and the trailer. 
         [0070]    Once activated, each device will remain activated as long as signal pulses continue to be generated by the transmitter assembly  102  during the period of each clock pulse. 
         [0071]    Once the activation switch  112  is deactivated, the signal pulses of the transmitter assembly  102  will no longer reach the signal wire  204 , and will consequently not reach the receiver assembly  104 . The receiver assembly  104  will then receive a false response to its AND combination of the data on the signal line  204  at the predetermined time and its own reference pulse and will consequently deactivate the device  110 . 
         [0072]    In each clock period, each transmitter assembly  102  and receiver assembly  104  generates their respective signal pulses and reference pulses, however, if the activation switch  112  is not activated, then the signal pulse of the transmitter assembly  102  will not be transmitted on the signal wire, and will therefore not be present on the signal line  204  for combination with the reference pulse of the appropriate receiver assembly  104 . Other signal pulses may be present on the signal wire, however, they will not coincide with the reference pulse for the device in question and it will remain deactivated. 
         [0073]    It will be understood by the person skilled in the art that the wiring loom may also consist of a combined supply an signal wire  204  and a ground wire wherein the signalling pulse are transmitted along the supply wire  204 , which would further reduce the amount of wiring used in the cable system. Additionally, it will be understood that the wiring loom may consist of a load supply wire for supply power to the device wherein the device represents a large inductive load, a control supply wire for supplying power to the circuitry of the cable system of the invention, a signal wire and a ground wire. Finally, the wiring loom may consist of a load supply wire, a combined control supply and signal wire and a ground wire. 
         [0074]    It will be understood that the receiver assembly  104  may be formed integrally with the device  112  it is to control, such that removal of the device  112  from the vehicle also removes the receiver assembly  104  from the vehicle. In this way, any replacement devices being installed in the vehicle would require a receiver assembly  104  according to the invention. 
         [0075]    Throughout the specification, the term vehicle will be understood to comprise any form of road vehicle such as a car, van, bus, truck, motorcycle or the like; all terrain vehicles such as quad bikes and the like; farm machinery such as tractors, combine harvesters and the like; engineering vehicles such as construction vehicles and other plant vehicles; rail vehicles such as trains, trams or the like; aircraft such as helicopters, airplanes and the like; marine vehicles such as ferries, pleasure craft, container ships and the like; and military vehicles such as tanks or armoured personnel carriers and the like. 
         [0076]    Throughout the specification, the term cable will be understood to refer to any form of multi-stranded signal carrying assembly wherein the data or signal carried by one strand will not appreciably interfere with the data or signal carried by any other stand. It will be understood to refer to a wire cable, a fibre optic cable or any other form of suitable cable. 
         [0077]    It will be understood by the person skilled in the art that while the invention is well suited for use in vehicles, it is not limited to use therein and may be used for the control of electrical devices in other environments such as manufacturing plants or other industrial installations and the like where it may be desired to control a number of devices from a location spaced apart therefrom. 
         [0078]    In the specification the terms ‘comprise’, ‘comprises’, ‘comprised’ and ‘comprising’ or any variation thereof and the terms ‘included’, ‘includes’, ‘included’ or ‘including’ or any variation thereof are considered to be totally interchangeable and they should all be afforded the widest possible interpretation. 
         [0079]    The invention is not limited to the embodiment herein described, but may be varied in both construction and detail within the terms of the claims.