Abstract:
Methods and systems for forced advertising are provided. These methods and systems determine when a forced advertisement is to be presented, determine what forced advertisement is to be presented, and control how the forced advertisement is to be presented. A forced advertisement may be received prior to the time at which the forced advertisement is to be presented or when needed. The forced advertisement may be presented when certain broadcast advertisements are being broadcast, at certain times of the day, or at certain times within a program. The forced advertisements may be selected based upon content of a replaced broadcast advertisement, content of a nearby program, or independently of any broadcast-related factors. Finally, forced advertisements may be presented so that a television viewer cannot escape viewing the advertisement by changing channels or turning off the television.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/775,115, filed Feb. 1, 2001, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No. 60/179,551, filed Feb. 1, 2000, which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    This invention relates to television advertising. More particularly, this invention relates to methods and systems for providing forced advertisements to viewers. 
         [0003]    Television viewers are currently exposed to a wide variety of advertising when watching most non-premium television channels. This advertising is typically presented to promote an advertiser&#39;s products and services and, at the same time, sponsor or subsidize the cost of providing television programming. Television advertising in this way is generally viewed as a highly effective means of promoting products and services, but is also recognized as being very expensive. 
         [0004]    One problem with television advertising is that television viewers frequently change channels as soon as a television advertisement appears. This act is colloquially known as “channel surfing.” Recent technologies have also facilitated skipping commercials when programs are buffered by or stored on personal video recorders which digitally store programs on disk drives. For example, when a program is stored on a disk drive of a personal video recorder, a television viewer may press a button that causes the recorded program to jump in thirty second increments and thereby skip the typical thirty second commercial. 
         [0005]    Another problem with television advertising is that television broadcasters typically have exclusive control of the advertisements that are shown on a corresponding channel viewed by a television viewer. This prevents a television distributors, such as cable and satellite television companies, from being able to provide alternate advertising to the television viewer. 
         [0006]    Thus, it is desirable to provide methods and systems for forcing advertisements on viewers. Such methods and systems preferably facilitate preventing viewers from changing channels away from, or skipping, television advertisements. These methods and systems also preferably facilitate providing alternative advertising from that provided by television broadcasters to television viewers. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    These and other objects of the invention are accomplished in accordance with the principle of the present invention by providing methods and systems for forced advertising. 
         [0008]    In accordance with the invention, these methods and systems provide forced advertising by determining when a forced advertisement is to be presented, by determining what forced advertisement is to be presented, and by controlling how the forced advertisement is to be presented. A forced advertisement may be received prior to the time at which the forced advertisement is to be presented. Alternatively, the forced advertisement may be received when needed. The forced advertisement may be presented when certain broadcast advertisements are being broadcast, at certain times of the day, or at certain times within a program. The forced advertisements may be selected based upon content of a replaced broadcast advertisement, content of a nearby program, or independently of any broadcast-related factors. Finally, forced advertisements may be presented so that a television viewer cannot escape viewing the advertisement by changing channels or turning off the television. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0009]    These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which: 
           [0010]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating hardware that may be used in various embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  is a flow chart of a process in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention in which a forced advertisement is retained in a storage device contained within user equipment; 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  is a flow chart of a process in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention in which a forced advertisement is transmitted from a forced advertising generation facility; and 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  is a flow chart of a process in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention in which an incoming advertisement is designated as a forced advertisement. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0014]    An illustrative system  10  in accordance with the present invention is shown in  FIG. 1 . As illustrated, system  10  may include a video stream generation facility  11 , a forced advertisement generation facility  12 , communication links  13  and  14 , user equipment  15 , and a user display  16 . Video stream generation facility  11  may be used to provide video streams. A video stream may include television, cable, Internet or other suitable media signals with video audio, data, etc. 
         [0015]    components which, when received by user equipment, may be used to provide suitable display on a user display. Video stream generation facility  11  may include television broadcast equipment, video tape players, video and data servers, etc. 
         [0016]    Forced advertisement generation facility  12  may be used to provide forced advertisements. Like video streams, forced advertisements may include television, cable, Internet or other suitable media signals with video, audio, data, etc. components which, when received by user equipment, may be used to provide suitable display on a user display. Forced advertisement generation facility  11  may include television broadcast equipment, video tape players, video and data servers, etc. 
         [0017]    System  10  may include multiple video stream generation facilities  11  as well as multiple forced advertisement generation facilities  12 , but only one of each has been shown to avoid over-complicating the drawing. Additionally, video stream generation facility  11  and forced advertisement generation facility  12  may be at the same location, such as at a cable head-end, and/or may be combined. 
         [0018]    Communications links  13  and  14  may be used to transmit video streams and forced advertisements to user equipment, and may include, for example, a satellite link, a telephone network link, a cable or fiber optic link, a microwave link, an Internet link, a data-over-cable service interface specification link, a combination of such links or any other suitable communications link. 
         [0019]    The video streams and the forced advertisements, once transmitted through links  13  and  14 , may then be received by user equipment  15 . User equipment  15  may be implemented using a set-top box, a personal computer, a set-top box, a personal video recorder, or any other suitable equipment containing a processor or several processors. If desired, a combination of such arrangements may be used. Both the video streams and the forced advertisements may be shown to a user on a user display  16 . The user display  16  may be integrated into the same enclosure as user equipment  15 . 
         [0020]    User equipment  15  may also include a storage device  17 . Storage device  17  may be any suitable storage device such as a hard disk drive, a video tape drive, a rewritable compact disc or combination of such devices suitable for storing forced advertising. The storage device  17  may be capable of storing several hours of video streams (e.g., movies, television shows, sporting events, etc.) and forced advertisements (e.g., television commercials including video and audio, barker channel promotions, text, graphics, etc.). 
         [0021]    One embodiment of a process  20  for forcing advertisements that may be implemented using system  10  is shown in  FIG. 2 . As illustrated, at step  21 , a forced advertisement may be communicated from forced advertisement generation facility  12  to storage device  17  in user equipment  15  at times such as initial set-up of user equipment  15 , when the user equipment  15  is turned on, at set time intervals, etc. The forced advertisement may then be stored in storage device  17  at step  22  for subsequent play. Next, at step  23 , user equipment  15  may wait for a video stream to be presented to the television viewer. A video stream may be presented to a television viewer upon the viewer tuning to a desired television channel, for example. Once a video stream is being presented, process  20  may determine at step  24  whether a forced advertisement is to be presented. 
         [0022]    Whether a forced advertisement is to be presented may be based upon any suitable factor or factors. For example, a forced advertisement may be presented Whenever a certain advertisement is included in the video stream—such as whenever a Pepsi advertisement is detected. Advertisements may be detected using programming tags or data, using close captioning data, or using any other suitable method. As another example, a forced advertisement may be presented at certain times within a broadcast—such as approximately 15 minutes into a program or during the third commercial break of a program. As still another example, a forced advertisement may be presented at a certain time or certain times of the day—such as at the top of each hour. Any other suitable method for selecting when and which advertisements are to be presented may be used. 
         [0023]    In an alternative embodiment, the forced advertisement that is presented may be the same advertisement or a slightly modified version of the advertisement that is being replaced. For example, the forced advertisement may be for the same advertiser as the original advertisement or may be a version of the advertisement that has been determined to be of higher interest to the specific viewer or household. 
         [0024]    Once a forced advertisement is determined to be presented at step  24 , process  20  may next select which forced advertisement to be presented at step  25 . Any suitable method for selecting which forced advertisement is to be presented may be used. For example, when certain advertisements are detected, a competitor advertisement may then be selected to be presented as the forced advertisement. Thus, when a Pepsi advertisement is detected, a Coca Cola advertisement may be forced. As another example, forced advertisements may be selected based upon program content that is broadcast near in time to the forced advertisement. Thus, when a forced advertisement is to be presented as the third advertisement of every television program, the forced advertisement may be for beer when presented during a football game and for golf clubs when presented during a golf tournament. The content of the program may be determined from program tags or guide data, from closed captioning data, or using any other suitable method. 
         [0025]    Finally, once a forced advertisement is selected at step  25 , the forced advertisement may be presented at step  26 . Playing of the forced advertisement at step  26  may include preventing the television viewer from escaping the advertisement by switching channels, or even turning off the user equipment. For example, if the viewer attempts to switch to a different video stream channel during a forced advertisement (e.g., channel surfing), the user equipment may switch to the new channel but the forced advertisement may continue to play until completion or, alternatively, the advertisement play would have to be completed before the channel switch can occur. As another example, if the user turns off the user equipment  15  during the forced advertisement display, when the user turns the user equipment  15  back on, the forced advertisement may continue to be displayed until completion or it may replay from the beginning. 
         [0026]    Forced advertisements may be presented at any point in a television program irrespective of whether another advertisement is being broadcast. To do this, a nearby television program may be buffered in storage device  17 . For example, if a forced advertisement is to be presented at 7:15 pm during a television program, but no other advertisement is to be aired at that time, the invention may buffer the program while the forced advertisement is being presented, and then later remove a broadcast advertisement and unbuffer the program to make up the lost time. 
         [0027]    Forced advertisements may be integrated into the video and/or audio of a television program broadcast or may be presented in a separate window. For example, a forced advertisement may be presented in a normal commercial break so that the television viewer has no idea that a forced advertisement is being presented. Alternatively, as another example, a forced advertisement may be presented in a window overlaying all or a portion of the television program broadcast. 
         [0028]    Turning to  FIG. 3 , another process  30  for forcing advertisements that may be implemented using user equipment  15  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is shown. As illustrated, at step  31 , process  30  may wait for a video stream to be received. Step  31  may be substantially the same as step  23  described above. Next, at step  32 , process  30  may determine when a forced advertisement is to be presented. Step  32  may be substantially the same as step  24  described above. At step  33 , process  30  may then send a signal to forced advertisement generation facility  12  requesting that a forced advertisement be provided. Facility  12  may then select an advertisement to be presented in any suitable fashion, for example, as explained in connection with step  25  above. Then, at step  34 , forced advertisement generation facility  12  may transmit a forced advertisement to user equipment  15 . This forced advertisement may finally be presented at step  35 . Step  35  may present the forced advertisement in substantially the same manner as described above in connection with step  26 . 
         [0029]    Turning to  FIG. 4 , another process  40  for detecting a forced advertisement in an incoming video stream for play or replay in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is shown. As illustrated, at step  41 , process  40  may wait for a video stream to be received. Next, at step  42 , an incoming advertisement which has been designated as a forced advertisement may be received and identified. The identification may be based upon detecting designations in the forced advertisements, such as programming tags or data or close captioning data, may be based upon information stored in programming data, may be based upon a time at which an advertisement is received, may be based upon a channel on which an advertisement is received, etc., or any combination of the same. At step  43 , the forced advertisement may then be played. Playing of the forced advertisement at step  43  may include preventing the television viewer from switching channels while the forced advertisement is playing. Additionally, at step  43 , forced advertisements may be stored in the storage device  17  of user equipment  15 , if desired. This may then allow the presentation of the forced advertisement in substantially the same manner as step  26 , that is, the forced advertisement play may recommence or restart if the channel is switched or if the user equipment  15  is turned on and off. 
         [0030]    In addition to providing forced advertising, user equipment  15  may also be used to present an electronic program guide. In one embodiment, the electronic program guide may be an interactive television program guide in order to facilitate selecting programs to be viewed. Illustrative interactive television program guides are described, for example, in Knee et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,589,892, issued Dec. 31, 1996, and Knudson et al. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/357,941, filed Jul. 16, 1999, which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
         [0031]    Thus, it is apparent that there has been provided, in accordance with the invention, a forced advertising system that fully satisfies the objects, aims and advantages set forth above. While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the spirit of the appended claims.