Abstract:
An electrical circuit is formed by forming and patterning a conductive layer on a substrate, forming and patterning a conductive layer on another substrate, depositing a dielectric layer on at least a portion of one of conductive layers, mounting an integrated circuit (IC) between the substrates, coupling the IC to the conductive layers, and affixing the substrates together with the conductive layers between the substrates. These are either separate substrates or a unitary substrate. The IC is mounted either to a substrate, a conductive layer, or a dielectric layer. The IC is coupled to the conductive layers either directly or through openings formed in the dielectric layer. An interior conductive layer may be used to couple the IC to the conductive layers.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   This invention relates in general to integrated circuits, and more particularly, to a method of producing ah electrical circuit having an integrated circuit. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   Radio frequency identification (RFID) transponders (tags) are usually used in conjunction with an RFID base station, typically in applications such as inventory control, security, access cards, and personal identification. The base station transmits a carrier signal that powers circuitry in the RFID tag when the RFID tag is brought within a read range of the base station. Data communication between the tag and the station is achieved by modulating the amplitude of the carrier signal with a binary data pattern, usually amplitude shift keying. To that end, RFID tags are typically integrated circuits that include, among other components, antenna elements for coupling the radiated field, tuning capacitors to form circuits that resonate at the carrier frequency, rectifiers to convert the AC carrier signal to dc power, and demodulators to extract the data pattern from the envelope of the carrier signal. 
   If fabricated at sufficiently low cost, RFID tags can also be useful in cost-sensitive applications such as product pricing, baggage tracking, parcel tracking, asset identification, authentication of paper money, and animal identification, to mention just a few applications. RFID tags could provide significant advantages over systems conventionally used for such applications, such as bar code identification systems. For example, a basket full of items marked with RFID tags could be read rapidly without having to handle each item, whereas they would have to be handled individually when using a bar code system. Unlike bar codes, RFID tags provide the ability to update information on the tag. However, the RFID technology of today is too expensive for dominant use in such applications. There are several factors that drive up the cost of RFID tags, such as the size of the silicon integrated circuit and production costs associated with attaching the integrated circuit and external resonant circuit components onto a single substrate. 
   One method of reducing costs of RFID tags known in the prior art is to provide the relatively large electronic components that make up the resonant circuit of the RFID tag on a substrate on which the integrated circuit is also mounted and connected. Such components include inductor coil antennas, dipole antennas, fractal antennas, tuning capacitors, and conductive traces to interconnect them. The conductor layer is typically printed using conductive ink, formed using silk screening techniques, chemically etched, or stamped in a suitable metal foil and adhered to the substrate. 
   When appropriate components and conductive patterns are formed on the substrate, the integrated circuit is then mounted and electrically connected using conventional chip attachment methods. 
   One conventional technique known in the prior art for forming the antenna on the substrate and making the attachment of the integrated circuit is illustrated with FIG.  1  and FIG.  2 . 
     FIG. 1  is a top view of a prior art structure. Inductor  3  is formed on a substrate  1 . Inductor  3  has an inner terminal  7  and an outer terminal  11 . Integrated circuit  5  is mounted upside down on substrate  1 , such that the conductive contact pads on substrate  1  align with contact pads on integrated circuit  5 . 
     FIG. 2  illustrates a cross sectional view of the prior art, using the same numerical markers for the same elements as in FIG.  1 . Connection to integrated circuit  5  is achieved by mounting the, integrated circuit upside down so that pads  27  and  28  on integrated circuit  5  align with contact pad  7  and  9  on substrate  1 , respectively. 
   Referring again to  FIG. 1 , since inductor  3  generally includes several loops that are larger than integrated circuit  5 , it becomes necessary to route a conductor trace  13  from the outer terminal  11  of coil inductor  3  to a contact pad  9  on the substrate in the center of coil inductor  3  in order that pads  7 ,  9  on substrate  1  for both antenna terminals are sufficient closely spaced to align with pads  27 ,  28  on integrated circuit  5 . In order that conductor  13  does not short the conductor traces that makes up inductor coil  3  where the conductors intersect, conductor  13  must be formed on a second conductive layer. 
     FIG. 2  illustrates one technique known in the prior art wherein conductor  13  is formed on the back surface of substrate  1 , making connections  15 ,  16  through openings in the substrate in order to connect the conductors on the two sides of the substrates. 
     FIG. 3  illustrates another technique known in the prior art. Conductor  13  is formed on a first conductive layer oh the substrate  1 . Dielectric layer  19  is formed on the first conductive layer. A second conductive layer is formed on dielectric  19 , appropriate openings  17 ,  18 ) made in dielectric  19  in order to connect conductors between the two conductive layers. 
   Whether forming a second conductive layer on the back surface of the substrate or forming a second conductive layer on top of a dielectric formed on a first conductive layer on the substrate, significant production costs are associated with having to form and pattern a second conductivity layer. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention provides a method for producing an electrical circuit, such as an RFID tag, on a substrate utilizing, simple and economical methods to form antenna structures, capacitor structures and conductive traces to interconnect the circuit elements formed on the substrate and to connect the contact pads of one or more integrated circuits that are mounted on the substrate. These circuit elements are used to form antennas, tuning capacitors, and coupling capacitors of resonant circuits external to the integrated circuit. A conductivity layer is formed and patterned on a substrate, substrate comprising paper, sheets of plastic, polypropylene, polyolefin, or like materials. A dielectric layer is formed on top of the conductive layer. In one embodiment, openings through the dielectric layer to the conductive layer are formed in regions where contact to the conductive layer is desired. In another embodiment, no openings are made in the dielectric layer. The integrated circuit is then adhered to the substrate, either on the dielectric layer or in an opening making, contact with the conductivity layer, depending on the electrical connections desired. A portion of the substrate is then folded onto itself so that contact points on one side of the fold will align with contact points on the other side of the fold or to contact pads on the integrated circuit, thereby electrically coupling the aligned contact points. In addition, a capacitor circuit element is formed when two conductive regions on the substrate covered with the dielectric layer align when a portion of the substrate is folded onto itself. Alternatively, the folded portion of the substrate and the unfolded portion of the substrate could be cut apart rather than folded, or the two portions could be produced separately. 

   
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a top view drawing showing a prior art structure of a conventional RFID tag on flexible substrate with the dimensions of the components exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 2  is a cross sectional drawing showing a prior art structure of a conventional RFID tag on flexible substrate wherein conductive layers are printed on top and bottom surfaces of the substrate with the dimensions of the components exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 3  is across sectional drawing showing a prior art structure of a conventional RFID tag on flexible substrate wherein two conductive layers are printed on top surface of the substrate with the dimensions of the components exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 4  is a top view drawing of one embodiment of the present invention utilizing an integrated circuit requiring that first terminal of the antenna is coupled to the back surface of the chip and second terminal is coupled to a pad on the integrated circuit. Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 5  is a top view drawing associated with  FIG. 4  at a step after the integrated circuit is mounted on the substrate. Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 6  is an illustration of the structure in  FIG. 5  from a cross sectional view. Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 7  is a cross sectional drawing of the structure of  FIG. 6  after a portion of the substrate is folded on to itself. Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 8  is a top view drawing of one embodiment with capacitor circuit components formed on the substrate. Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 9  is a cross sectional view of the structure in FIG.  8 . Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 10  is a cross sectional view of the structure in  FIG. 9  after a portion of the substrate is folded onto itself, showing the formation of a capacitor circuit element. Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 11  is a top view drawing of an alternative embodiment utilizing an integrated circuit requiring that first and second terminals of the antenna are coupled to first and second pad on the surface of the integrated circuit. Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 12  is a top view drawing of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 11  wherein capacitor circuit elements are formed. Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 13  is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 14  is a cross sectional diagram illustrating the mounting of the integrated circuit to form the circuit of FIG.  13 . Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 15  is a top view illustrating the conductive pattern to form the circuit of FIG.  13 . Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 16  is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 17  is a cross sectional diagram illustrating the mounting, of the integrated circuit to form the circuit of FIG.  16 . Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 18  is a top view illustrating the conductive pattern to form the circuit of FIG.  16 . Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 19  is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 20  is a cross sectional diagram illustrating the mounting of the integrated circuit to form the circuit of FIG.  19 . Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 21  is a top view illustrating the conductive pattern to form the circuit of FIG.  19 . Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 22  is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 23  is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating the mounting of the integrated circuit to form the circuit of FIG.  22 . Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration; 
       FIG. 24  is a top view illustrating the conductive pattern to form the circuit of FIG.  22 . Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 25  is a cross sectional diagram illustrating the mounting of the integrated circuit having two terminals on the front surface to form the circuit of FIG.  22 . Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
       FIG. 26  is a top view illustrating the conductive pattern to form the circuit of  FIG. 22  utilizing an integrated circuit with two terminals on the front surface. Dimensions of the components are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   The electrical circuit of the present invention is illustrated by specific embodiments, along with methods for forming the electrical circuits. 
   One embodiment provides a method for producing an RFID tag utilizing an integrated circuit that is designed to require an external connection of the first and second terminal of an inductor coil antenna, first terminal coupling to the back surface of the integrated circuit and second terminal to a pad on the front surface of the integrated circuit. 
     FIG. 4  is a top view diagram illustrating this embodiment of the present invention. A conductive layer is formed and patterned on unitary substrate  1 . Such patterning can be achieved utilizing any of a variety of methods including printing with conductive ink such as polymer ink with silver particles, chemically etching a deposited conductive layer, or stamping of a suitable conductive foil and adhering the stamped foil to unitary substrate  1 . 
   In describing the pattern of the conductive layer, it is useful to figuratively divide unitary substrate  1  into two portions around a fold line  35 , forming second substrate  40  and first substrate  41 . Inductor coil  3  is formed on second substrate  40 . In the center of inductor coil  3  is a conductive region forming the substrate contact pad  33 , a contact to the inner terminal of inductor coil  3 . On first substrate  41 , another conductive region forms substrate contact pad  31 . Substrate contact  31  is connected to the outer terminal  11  of inductor coil  3  with conductor trace  32 . 
   The back surface of the integrated circuit is now attached on top of substrate pad  33 , thereby making electrical contact between substrate pad  33  and the back surface of the integrated circuit. Such attachment could be accomplished with a number of techniques including the use of conductive adhesive. 
     FIG. 5  is a top view of the structure after integrated circuit  5  is placed. A conductive trace  50  connecting the inner terminal of inductor coil  3  to substrate contact  33  is now underneath integrated circuit  5 , making electrical contact to the back surface of integrated circuit  5 . Integrated circuit pad  30  on integrated circuit  5  is now visible in the top view presented in FIG.  5 . 
   A dielectric layer is now formed on top of the conductive layer such that if unitary substrate  1  were folded about fold line  35 , no electrical connection is formed between the conductors that fold onto each other except substrate pad  31  and integrated circuit pad  30 . In the case of this embodiment, this can be achieved by forming a dielectric layer in the area marked  37  of FIG.  5 . This dielectric region serves only to avoid an electrical connection between conductive trace  32  on first substrate  41  and inductor coil  3  on the second substrate  40 . As such, this dielectric region is not subjected to tight alignment tolerances. Further, this dielectric region is not subjected to tight thickness requirements. As long as the dielectric region electrically isolates the conductors on the top and bottom of the dielectric region, this dielectric region is not subjected to tight quality requirements either. Such standards could be achieved at very low cost, such as by applying tape made of dielectric material over region  37  of FIG.  5 . 
     FIG. 6  is a cross sectional view of the above-described structure, like numbers indicating like elements. Conductive adhesive is applied to either the surface of substrate contact  31  or the contact pad  30  of integrated circuit  5 . Unitary substrate  1  is now folded around fold line  35 . Integrated circuit contact pad  30  on second substrate  40  aligns with substrate contact  31  on first substrate  41 , thereby making electrical contact between substrate contact  31  and integrated circuit contact  30 . 
     FIG. 7  illustrates a cross section of the resulting structure. Second substrate  40  is now upside down on top of first substrate  41 . Since substrate contact  31  is coupled to the outer terminal  11  of inductor coil  3  and since substrate contact  33  is coupled to the back surface of integrate circuit  5 , the inner and outer terminals of antenna coil  3  are coupled to respective contacts on integrated circuit  5 . 
   In order to reduce the alignment tolerance required to align integrated circuit pad  30  with substrate pad  31 , integrated circuit pad  30  on integrated circuit  5  could be enlarged utilizing a layer of metal covering the surface of integrated circuit  5 , in whole or part, that is electrically insulated from all other conductors on the integrated circuit, and coupling that metal layer to integrated circuit pad  30 . Though this surface may not be suitable for some conventional bonding techniques, such as ball bonding, due to possible damage that may result on the structures below and in the vicinity of the contact point, this surface is suitable for the type of bonding technique appropriate in this embodiment, such as conductive adhesive. 
   In an alternative to this embodiment, integrated circuit  5  can be mounted upside down onto pad  31  of first substrate  41  instead of mounting the integrated circuit right side up on pad  33  on the second substrate  40 . When first substrate  41  and second substrate  40  are folded onto each other, pad  33  on second substrate  40  will align with the back surface of integrated circuit  5 . This method has the benefit of a lower required alignment tolerance when folding the substrate than if bond pad  30  of integrated circuit  5  needs to align with contact pad  31 . 
   An alternative to this embodiment provides for a method of forming a high quality dielectric layer. After the back surface of integrated circuit  5  is adhered to substrate pad  33 , a dielectric layer is formed, thereby covering the conductive layer on unitary substrate  1  and integrated circuit  5  mounted on unitary substrate  1 . Now openings in the dielectric are formed on substrate pad  33  and integrated circuit pad  30 . Second substrate  40  is then folded onto first substrate  41 , thereby making electrical contact between substrate pad  31  and integrated circuit pad  30 . 
   An alternative to this embodiment provides a method for enlarging the size of integrated circuit pad  30  using a second conductive layer on unitary substrate  1 . After the back surface of integrated circuit  5  is adhered to substrate pad  33 , a dielectric layer is formed, thereby covering the conductive layer on unitary substrate  1  and integrated circuit  5  mounted on unitary substrate  1 . Now openings in the dielectric are formed on substrate pad  31  and integrated circuit pad  30 . A second conductive layer is now formed that is electrically insulated from all conductive traces on unitary substrate  1  by the, dielectric, but is coupled to integrated circuit pad  30  via the opening in the dielectric. 
   Second substrate  40  is then folded onto first substrate  41 , thereby making electrical contact between substrate pad  31  and integrated circuit pad  30 . 
   Another alternative to this embodiment provides for another method of forming a high quality dielectric layer. Before integrated circuit  5  is placed on unitary substrate  1 , a dielectric layer is formed on the conductive layer. Openings in the dielectric are formed on substrate contact  33  and substrate contact  31 . Integrated circuit  5  is now adhered to substrate contact  33  through the opening in the dielectric, thereby making electrical contact between substrate contact  33  and the back surface of integrated circuit  5 . Second substrate  40  is then folded onto first substrate  41 , thereby making electrical contact between substrate pad  31  and integrated circuit pad  30 . 
   Another alternative to this embodiment is to produce second substrate  40  and first substrate  41  independently by the methods above described, and then to adhere the surface of second substrate  40  to the surface of first substrate  41 . 
     FIG. 8  illustrates of another variation of this embodiment wherein a capacitor circuit element is also produced utilizing the methods disclosed in the present invention. Utilizing one of the methods described above, integrated circuit  5  is adhered on substrate contact  33 , thereby making electrical contact with the back surface of integrated circuit  5 . Integrated circuit pad  30  is now visible in the top view presented in FIG.  8 . Substrate contact  31  is placed so that if unitary substrate  1  is folded around fold line  35 , the substrate contact  31  and integrated circuit pad  30  align. In addition, a conductive region  56  is formed on second substrate  40 , electrically coupled to the inner terminal of inductor coil  3  and to the back surface of integrated circuit  5  via conductive trace  57 . A corresponding conductive region  55  is formed on first substrate  41  placed so that if unitary substrate  1  were folded around fold line  35 , conductive regions  55  and  56  would align. Conductive region  55  is electrically coupled to the substrate pad  31  via conductive trace  58  and  53  and to the outer terminal of inductor coil  3  via conductive trace  58  and  54 . No openings are formed in the dielectric on conductive regions  55  and  56 . 
     FIG. 9  is a cross sectional drawing of the resulting structure. 
     FIG. 10  is a cross sectional drawing when unitary substrate  1  is folding around fold line  35 . A capacitor is now formed between conductive region  56  and conductive region  55 , separated by the dielectric layer on top of the conductive region  56  and the dielectric layer on conductive region  55 . 
   In a variation of this embodiment, a dielectric opening could be made over conductive region  56  or conductive region  55 , then forming a capacitor with one half of the dielectric thickness. 
   An alternative embodiment provides a method for producing an RFID tag utilizing an integrated circuit that is designed to require an external connection of first and second terminal of an inductor coil antenna, first and second terminals coupling to two pads on the front surface of the integrated circuit. 
     FIG. 11  illustrates a top view drawing of this embodiment. Coil inductor  3  is formed on second substrate  40  with substrate contact  60  connecting to the inner terminal and substrate contact  63  to the outer terminal. In addition, substrate contact  61  and  62  are placed inside coil inductor  3 . On first substrate  41 , integrated circuit  5  is adhered to the dielectric layer, and placed such that integrated circuit pads  70  and  71  would align with substrate contact  60  and substrate contact  61 , respectively, if unitary substrate  1  were folded about fold line  35 . Further, substrate contacts  72  and  73  are placed on the first substrate  41  such that substrate contacts  62  and  63  would align with substrate contacts  72  and  73 , respectively, if unitary substrate  1  were folded about fold line  35 . 
   Now unitary substrate  1  is folded about fold line  35 , thereby coupling substrate contact  60  to integrated circuit pad  70 , substrate contact  61  to integrated circuit pad  71 , substrate contact  62  to substrate contact  72 , and substrate contact  63  to substrate contact  73 . Consequently, integrated pad  70  is connected to inner terminal  60  of coil inductor  3 . Outer terminal  63  of coil inductor  3  couples to integrated circuit pad  71  through a sequence of connections, specifically outer terminal  63  of coil inductor  3  couples with substrate contact  73 , which in turn is coupled to substrate contact  73  via conductor trace  75 , which in turn is coupled to substrate contact  62 , which in turn is coupled to substrate contact  61  via conductor trace  65 , which in turn is coupled to integrated circuit pad  71 . 
     FIG. 12  illustrates a variation of this embodiment wherein capacitor circuit elements are also produced utilizing the methods disclosed in the present invention. 
   Coil inductor  3  is formed on second substrate  40 , substrate contact pad  80  and substrate contact  81  placed on the inner terminal and substrate contact  84  placed on the outer terminal. Substrate contact  82  and  83  are placed inside the inner loop of coil inductor  3 , coupled by conductor trace  88 . Substrate contact  84  is coupled to conductive region  85  via conductor trace  86 . 
   Substrate contact  90 ,  93 , and  94  are placed on substrate left  41  such that if unitary substrate  1  were folded about fold line  35 , these contacts would align with substrate contacts  80 ,  83 , and  84 , respectively. Integrated circuit  5  is adhered to the dielectric layer in first substrate  41  such that integrated circuit pads  91  and  92  would align with substrate contacts  81  and  82  if unitary substrate  1  were folded about fold line  35 . Substrate contact  94  is coupled to substrate contact  93  via conductor trace  96 . Substrate contact  90  is coupled to a conductive region  95  via conductor trace  97 . Conductive region  95  is placed on first substrate  41  such that it would align with conductive region  85  if unitary substrate  1  were folded about fold line  35 . Dielectric openings are made on substrate contacts  80 ,  81 ,  82 ,  83 ,  84 ,  90 ,  93 ,  94 , and integrated circuit pads  91  and  92 . No dielectric openings are made in conductive regions  85  and  95 . 
   Now unitary substrate  1  is folded about fold line  35 , thereby coupling substrate contact  80  to substrate contact  90 , substrate contract  81  to integrated circuit pad  91 , substrate pad  82  to integrated circuit pad  92 , substrate contact  83  to substrate contact  93 , and substrate contact  84  to substrate contact  94 . Conductive regions  85  and  95  align, but are separated by the dielectric covering the conductive regions, thereby forming a capacitor with electrodes  85  and  86 , separated by the dielectric covering those conductive regions. 
   Integrated circuit pad  91  is, now coupled to the inner terminal of coil inductor  3  by coupling to substrate pad  81 . Integrated circuit pad  91  is also coupled to the bottom electrode  95  of the capacitor by a series of connections, specifically integrated circuit pad  91  couples to substrate contact  81 , which in turn is coupled to substrate contact  80  via conductor trace  87 , which in turn in coupled to substrate contact  90 , which in turn is connected to conductive region  95  via conductor trace  97 . 
   Integrated circuit pad  92  is now coupled to the outer terminal  84  of coil inductor  3  by a series of connections, specifically integrated circuit pad  92  couples to substrate contact  82 , which in turn couples to substrate contact pad  83  via conductive trace  88 , which in turn couples to substrate contact  93 , which turn couples to contact pad  94  via conductive trace  96 , which in turn couples to the outside terminal of inductor coil  3 , substrate contact  84 . Integrated circuit pad  92  is also coupled to the top electrode  85  of the capacitor through a series of connections, specifically integrated circuit pad  92  is coupled to substrate contact  82 , which in turn is coupled to substrate contact  83  via conductor trace  88 , which in turn is coupled to the top electrode  85  of the capacitor. 
   Therefore, integrated circuit pad  91  is now coupled to the inner terminal of coil inductor  3  and bottom electrode  95  of the capacitor. Integrated circuit pad  92  is now coupled to the outer terminal of coil inductor  3  and the top electrode of the capacitor  85 . 
   A variation of this embodiment provides a method of producing a capacitor circuit element having twice the capacitance by forming an opening on either conductive region  85  or  95 . When unitary substrate  1  is folded about fold line  35 , the dielectric thickness separating electrode  85  and  95  is one half the thickness when compared to having no openings in the dielectric on conductive regions  85  and  95 , thereby providing twice the capacitance. 
     FIG. 13  is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment wherein an external antenna inductor  116 , a tuning capacitor  111 , and a coupling capacitor  112  are produced on the substrate and are connected to an RFID integrated circuit without making openings in the dielectric layer. Circuitry  119  resides on the integrated circuit. 
     FIG. 14  is a cross sectional diagram illustrating the mounting of the integrated circuit in this embodiment. The integrated circuit has a first terminal  110  on the back surface and a second terminal  102  on the front surface. Second terminal  102  comprises a metal layer on the front surface of the integrated circuit overlying inter-dielectric  113  on the integrated circuit, making contact with underlying conductive layer  114  via opening  115  in inter-dielectric  113 . The integrated circuit is mounted with conductive adhesive onto substrate contact  101 , first terminal  110  of the integrated circuit thereby coupled to substrate contact  101 . A dielectric layer  118  is then formed over the integrated circuit and the conductive pattern formed on the substrate. No openings are made in dielectric layer  118 . 
     FIG. 15  is a top view illustrating the conductive pattern formed on the substrate to form the circuit elements of  FIG. 13 , like structures having like numbers. In the planar view, second terminal  102  of the integrated circuit is visible. Underneath the integrated circuit is substrate pad  101  to which first terminal  110  of the integrated circuit is coupled. When first substrate  41  is folded onto second substrate  40 , second terminal  162  of the integrated circuit forms one plate of coupling capacitor  112 . Substrate pad  103  forms the other plate of capacitor  112 . Substrate pad  103  is coupled to substrate pad  104 , forming one plate of capacitor  111 , the other plate being formed by substrate pad  107 , which is coupled to substrate pad  101  which is in turn coupled to first terminal  110  of the integrated circuit. Substrate pad  103  is also coupled to the outside terminal  106  of the antenna inductor  116 . The inside terminal  105  of antenna inductor  116  is coupled to substrate pad  101  which is in turn coupled to the first terminal  110  of the integrated circuit. The circuit illustrated in  FIG. 13  is thereby formed. 
   One advantage of this embodiment is that no openings are made in the dielectric overlying the integrated circuit and the conductive layer on the substrate, thereby providing significant cost savings. 
   Another advantage of this embodiment is first substrate  41  and second substrate  40  can be folded on top of each other with non-critical alignment tolerance requirements. Substrate pad  103  can be made larger than conductive layer  102  on the integrated circuit to further reduce alignment tolerance requirements. Similarly, substrate pad  104  can be made larger than unitary substrate  107  to further reduce alignment tolerance requirements. Such looser alignment tolerance requirements increase yield and reduce production costs. 
     FIG. 16  is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment wherein an external antenna inductor  134 , a tuning capacitor  135 , a top coupling capacitor  136  and a bottom coupling capacitor  137  are produced on the substrate and are connected to an RFID integrated circuit without making openings in the dielectric layer. Circuitry  138  resides on the integrated circuit. 
     FIG. 17  is a cross sectional diagram illustrating the mounting of the integrated circuit in this embodiment. A conductive layer is deposited on the surface of unitary substrate  131 , and is then patterned and etched. A dielectric layer  132  is formed on top of conductive layer  121 . The integrated circuit is mounted on top of dielectric layer  132 . The integrated circuit has a first terminal  133  on the back surface and a second terminal  122  on the front surface. Second terminal  122  comprises a metal layer on the front surface of the integrated circuit overlying an inter-dielectric layer on the integrated circuit, making contact to conductive layers below utilizing appropriate openings in the inter-dielectric layer on the integrated circuit. In one embodiment, a dielectric layer  139  is formed on the front surface of the integrated circuit. In another embodiment, dielectric layer  139  is not formed. No openings are made in dielectric layer  132 . 
     FIG. 18  is a top view illustrating the conductive pattern formed on the substrate to form the circuit elements of  FIG. 16 , like structures having like numbers. In the planar view, second terminal  122  of the integrated circuit is visible. Underneath the integrated circuit, first terminal  133  forms one plate of capacitor  137 , substrate pad  121  forming the other plate. Substrate pad  121  is coupled to the inside terminal  125  of the antenna coil. Unitary substrate  121  is also coupled to substrate pad  127 , forming one plate of tuning capacitor  135 . When first substrate  40  is folded onto second substrate  41 , substrate pad  123  forms the other plate of capacitor  135 . Substrate pad  124  is coupled to the outside terminal  126  of the antenna coil. Substrate pad  124  is also coupled to substrate pad  123 , forming one plate of top coupling capacitor  123 , the other plate being formed by the second terminal  122  of the integrated circuit. The circuit illustrated in  FIG. 16  is thereby formed. 
   In another embodiment, substrate contact pads  124  and  123  of  FIG. 18  can be merged into a single large conductive structure on first substrate  41 . The appropriate capacitors are then formed where the large conductive structure overlaps contact pad  122  of the integrated circuit and substrate contact pad  127 . 
     FIG. 19  is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment wherein an external antenna inductor  147  and a coupling capacitor  148  are produced on the substrate and are connected to an RFID integrated circuit without making openings in the dielectric layer. Circuitry  149  resides on the integrated circuit. 
     FIG. 20  is a cross sectional diagram illustrating the mounting of the integrated circuit in this embodiment. The integrated circuit has a first terminal  151  on the back surface and a second terminal on the front surface  142 . Second terminal  142  comprises a metal layer on the front surface of the integrated circuit. The integrated circuit is mounted with conductive adhesive onto substrate contact  151 , first terminal thereby coupled to substrate contact  151 . In one embodiment, a, dielectric layer  152  is then formed over the integrated circuit and the conductive pattern formed on the substrate. In another embodiment, a dielectric layer is formed on the surface of the integrated circuit, and dielectric layer  152  is not formed. In this case, the integrated circuit couples to the conductive pattern on the substrate utilizing capacitive coupling without making direct electrical contact. 
     FIG. 21  is a top view illustrating the conductive pattern formed on the substrate to form the circuit elements of  FIG. 19 , like structures having like numbers. In the planar view, second terminal  142  of the integrated circuit is visible. Underneath the integrated circuit is substrate pad  141  to which the first terminal of the integrated circuit is coupled. When first substrate  40  is folded onto second substrate  41 , second terminal  142  of the integrated circuit forms one plate of coupling capacitor  148  and substrate pad  143  forms the other plate. Substrate pad  143  is coupled to the outside terminal  146  of the inductor antenna  147 . The inner terminal  145  of the inductor antenna  147  is coupled substrate pad  141 , which is in turn coupled to first terminal  151  of the integrated circuit. The circuit illustrated in  FIG. 19  is thereby formed. 
     FIG. 22  is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment wherein an external antenna inductor  156 , a top coupling capacitor  155  and a bottom coupling capacitor  157  are produced on the substrate and are connected to an RFID integrated circuit without making openings in the dielectric. Circuitry  158  resides on the integrated circuit. 
     FIG. 23  is a cross sectional diagram illustrating the mounting of the integrated circuit in this embodiment. A conductive layer is deposited on top of unitary substrate  161 , and is then patterned and etched. A dielectric layer  172  is formed on top of conductive layer  161 . The integrated circuit is mounted on top of dielectric layer  172 . The integrated circuit has a first terminal  163  on the back surface and a second terminal  162  on the front surface. Second terminal  162  comprises a metal layer on the front surface of the integrated circuit overlying an inter-dielectric layer on the integrated circuit, making contact to conductive layers below via appropriate openings in the inter-dielectric layer on the integrated circuit. In one embodiment, a dielectric layer  173  is formed on the front surface of the integrated circuit. In another embodiment, a dielectric layer is formed oh the integrated circuit and dielectric layer  173  is not formed. No openings are made in dielectric layer  172 . 
     FIG. 24  is a top view illustrating the conductive pattern formed on the substrate to form the circuit elements of  FIG. 22 , like structures having like numbers. In the planar view, second terminal  162  of the integrated circuit is visible. Underneath the integrated circuit, first terminal  163  forms one plate of capacitor  157 , substrate pad  161  forming the other plate. Substrate pad  161  is coupled to the inside terminal  165  of the antenna inductor  156 . When first substrate  40  is folded onto second substrate  41 , substrate pad  169  and second terminal  162  of the integrated circuit form the plates of capacitor  155 . Substrate pad  169  is coupled to the outside terminal  166  of antenna inductor  156 . The circuit illustrated in  FIG. 22  is thereby formed. 
   In another embodiment, the circuit of  FIG. 22  is produced utilizing an integrated circuit that has first terminal  162  and second terminal  163  on the front surface. 
     FIG. 25  illustrates the mounting of the integrated circuit with first terminal  162  and second terminal  163  on the front surface of the integrated circuit. A first conductive layer  182  is formed on the unitary substrate  180 , and is then patterned and etched. The integrated circuit is then mounted on unitary substrate  180  in a region where the conductive material in the first conductive layer  182  has been etched away. First dielectric layer  183  is formed over the integrated circuit and on top of first conductive layer  182 . Second conductive layer  184  is formed over first dielectric layer  184 , and is then patterned and etched. Connections between conductive traces of first conductive layer  182  is coupled to conductive traces of second conductive layer  184  via openings formed in first dielectric layer  184 . Second dielectric layer  185  is formed on top of second conductive layer  184 . No openings are formed in second dielectric layer  185 . 
     FIG. 26  is a top view illustrating the conductive pattern in first conductive layer  182  and second conductive layer  184  to form the circuit of FIG.  22 . When first substrate  40  is folded onto second substrate  41 , substrate contact pad  169  and integrated circuit terminal  169  forms capacitor  155 . Substrate contact pad  169  is coupled to the inside terminal  165  of antenna coil  156  via conductive trace  190  of the first conductive layer, opening  193  in the first dielectric layer, conductive trace  191  of the second conductive layer, opening  194  in the first dielectric layer, and conductive trace  195 . The outer end terminal  166  of antenna inductor  156  is coupled to substrate pad  161 . Substrate contact  161  and integrated circuit terminal  163  form the plates of capacitor  157 . The circuit illustrated in  FIG. 22  is thereby formed. 
   In summary, the present invention provides a method for producing an electrical circuit, such as an RFID tag, on a substrate utilizing simple and economical methods to form antenna structures, capacitor structures and conductive traces to interconnect the circuit elements formed on the substrate and to connect the contact pads of one or more integrated circuits that are mounted on the substrate. These circuit elements are used to form antennas, tuning capacitors, and coupling capacitors of resonant circuits external to the integrated circuit. A conductivity layer is formed and patterned on a substrate, substrate comprising paper, sheets of plastic, polypropylene, polyolefin, or like materials. A dielectric layer is formed on top of the conductive layer. In one embodiment, openings through the dielectric layer to the conductive layer are formed in regions where contact to the conductive layer is desired. In another embodiment, no openings are made in the dielectric layer. The integrated circuit is then adhered to the substrate, either on the dielectric layer or in an opening making contact with the conductivity layer, depending on the electrical connections desired. A portion of the substrate is then folded onto itself so that contact points on one side of the fold will align with contact points on the other side of the fold or to contact pads on the integrated circuit, thereby electrically coupling the aligned contact points. In addition, capacitor circuit elements are formed when two conductive regions on the substrate covered with the dielectric layer align when a portion of the substrate is folded onto itself. Alternatively, the folded portion of the substrate and the unfolded portion of the substrate could be cut apart rather than folded, or the two portions could be produced separately. 
   The foregoing description is only illustrative of the invention. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. In particular, wherever a device is connect or coupled to another device, additional devices may be present between the two connected devices. Further, though the above described embodiments make reference to an integrated circuit having one pad or two pads on the surface of a single integrated circuit, the invention can apply to any number of pads on any number of integrated circuits. Further, though the above-described embodiments make reference to a coil antenna, the present invention also applies to other type of antenna constructed with conductive layers including dipole antennas and fractal antennas. Further, though the above-described embodiments make reference to “folding” the two portions of the substrate, the portions of substrate could also be cut apart or produced independently. Further, the RFID tags described in the embodiments herein could be laminated in order to protect the components on the substrate while still encompassing the scope of this invention. Further, though the electrodes of the capacitors formed in the above-described embodiments refer to the electrodes completely aligning, a smaller capacitance could be provided if the electrodes overlapped only partially. Further, though reference is made in the embodiments to a coil inductor antenna, other antenna types formed with other patterns in the conductive layer are within the scope of this invention. Further, though the embodiments described utilize primarily a single layer metal process on the substrate, the principles of this invention apply to two level metal processes and multi-level metal process on the substrates. Accordingly, the present invention embraces all such alternatives, modifications, and variances that fall within the scope of the appended claims.