Abstract:
A method and associated system for controlling and monitoring a technical installation (M 1 , M 2 ), which is assigned at least one regional control area (OA 1 , OA 2 ), uses a universal, mobile control and monitoring module (MU) and includes three steps. In a first step, the current position of the mobile control and monitoring module (MU) is determined by means of positioning signals. In a second step, the mobile control and monitoring module (MU) is assigned to a technical installation (M 1 , M 2 ), if the current position of the mobile control and monitoring module lies within the regional control area (OA 1 , OA 2 ) of that technical installation (M 1 , M 2 ). In a third step, HMI data of the technical installation (M 1 , M 2 ) is loaded into the assigned mobile control and monitoring module (MU). The assignment of the universal, mobile control and monitoring module (MU) to the technical installation (M 1 , M 2 ) is not fixed or permanent, but only temporary. Thus, only HMI data that are required to carry out the respectively desired control and monitoring tasks on the assigned technical installation (M 1 , M 2 ), or on a certain part thereof, needs to be selectively loaded into the control and monitoring module (MU). If an operator carries along the control and monitoring module (MU), he or she can leave the regional control area (OA 1 , OA 2 ) of the technical installation (M 1 , M 2 ) and enter the regional control area (OA 1 , OA 2 ) of another technical installation (M 1 , M 2 ) without restrictions. Then, a temporary assignment to that installation is possible.

Description:
The following disclosure is based on European Patent Application No. 03016487.5, filed on Jul. 22, 2003, which is incorporated into this application by reference. 
   FIELD OF AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The invention relates to a method and an HMI system for controlling and monitoring a technical installation. 
   Technical installations include all types of technical equipment and systems, both individually in stand-alone arrangements and interconnected in data networks, e.g., via a field bus. In industrial applications, such technical installations include individual apparatuses, such as drives and processing machines. However, a technical installation can also be a production plant, in which an entire technical process is operated by locally distributed control apparatuses. Such a production facility is, for example, a chemical facility or an assembly line. Technical installations are controlled and operated by special digital data processing systems, which are also referred to as automation systems. Such systems include devices for the direct control of the technical installation, i.e., programmable logic controllers or PLCs. To relieve these controllers, automation systems have other special devices that form an interface for operator personnel. These devices are called “control and monitoring” devices, (“C&amp;M” for short), or HMI devices, i.e., human machine interfaces. 
   The term “HMI device” is a generic term and includes all the components belonging to this group of devices, such as, e.g., operator panels (OP for short). These operator panels can be stationary or mobile devices. In a networked automation system, operator personnel use HMI devices to display and control process data of the technical installation to be controlled. This function is referred to as “supervisory control and data acquisition” (SCADA). For this purpose, the HMI device usually has a special hardware structure, i.e., it is provided, for example, with a touch screen and is specially shielded against environmental influences. The HMI devices also use a special type of software, which provides functions to improve operational ease of use, quality and safety when the HMI devices are operated by an operator. For example, HMI devices can visualize, control, design and generate interactive process images or representations of the technical installation to be controlled. This makes it possible to selectively display responses of the technical installation, typically in the form of measured values and messages. In addition, specific operator actions and data inputs make it possible to bring the technical installation into desired states. 
   Conventionally, the devices of an automation system are fixedly assigned to the technical installation to be controlled. These devices include not only the control devices that are fixedly coupled to the technical installation, but, typically, also the HMI devices. The devices are usually uniquely assigned to the associated technical installation as a fixed component of the respective automation system, e.g., in the form of a terminal or an operator panel. All the machine and control specific data of the respectively associated technical installation, e.g., machine data, process images or representations, configuration files and much more, are loaded into the individual operator panels of an automation system. The runtime software of such an HMI device thus contains all the data and parameters necessary for the operator personnel to control and monitor precisely this technical installation or a part thereof. 
   However, such a fixed, data-related allocation or assignment of an HMI device to an automation system and the technical installation connected thereto has drawbacks. Since all the machine and control specific data of the installation is fixedly stored in the HMI device, the flexibility of such an HMI device is usually limited. Therefore, these HMI devices are often stationary and mounted in the immediate spatial environment of the associated technical installation. Thus, an operator has to go to the location of the respective HMI device and is therefore limited in his or her freedom to move. Furthermore, both the HMI device and the operator are continuously exposed to the environmental conditions present at the mounting site. 
   If such an HMI device must be replaced, all the machine and control specific data must be reloaded in order to completely restore the operability of the original HMI device. Even if the HMI devices are mobile, e.g., in the form of cable-bound or radio-linked handheld devices, they are typically allocated or assigned to a technical installation or to a control apparatus thereof in logically unique manner. Again, this typically means that all the design, display and machine data has to be loaded into the handheld device; i.e., the data must be kept available for all possible monitoring and control situations, irrespective of how frequently the data is actually used. As a consequence, the hardware and software for such HMI devices must be powerful enough and, thus, if such devices fail and have to be replaced, significant costs may be incurred. 
   OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
   It is one object of the invention to provide a method for controlling and monitoring a technical installation, and an associated HMI system for carrying out this method, which, compared to conventional HMI systems, offer significantly improved spatial and data-related flexibility. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   According to one formulation of the invention, this and other objects of the invention are achieved by a method for controlling and monitoring a technical installation, to which at least one regional control area within a control area is assigned. The method uses a universal, mobile control and monitoring module and includes three steps. In a first step, the current position of the universal mobile control and monitoring module is determined by means of positioning signals. In a second step, the universal, mobile control and monitoring module is assigned to the technical installation, if the current position of the universal, mobile control and monitoring module lies within the regional control area of the technical installation. In a third step, HMI data of the technical installation is loaded into the assigned universal, mobile control and monitoring module. 
   The method according to the invention has many advantages. The invention is based on the principle that a universal, mobile control and monitoring module is not permanently assigned to a technical installation, but only temporarily. As a result, only the HMI data required to execute the respectively desired control and monitoring tasks on the assigned technical installation, or on a specific part thereof, needs to be selectively loaded into the control and monitoring module. If an operator carries the control and monitoring module along, he or she can leave the regional control area of one technical installation and enter the regional control area of another technical installation without restrictions. After passing through the three steps of the method according to the invention—i.e., first, determining the position of the control and monitoring module; secondly, assigning the control and monitoring module to the associated technical installation; and thirdly, downloading the HMI data of the technical installation into the control and monitoring module—the operator can also control and monitor this other technical installation without restrictions. 
   Thus, the control and monitoring modules can be used as universal devices, without requiring any pre-programming and pre-configuration whatsoever. These devices are also referred to as “client HMIs.” It is thus readily possible that, e.g., in a control room of a large technical installation, such as a power station, a plurality of such universal mobile control and monitoring modules are available so as to be used by operator personnel on an only temporary basis, when the operator personnel makes inspection rounds as needed. Such client HMIs can be moved freely within the installation, without any mechanical connections and without having to take connection points into account. Furthermore, with the method according to the invention, mobile client HMIs can be temporarily used at locations within the installations where it would be difficult to use stationary C&amp;M devices over a prolonged period of time, e.g., for lack of space or because of environmental conditions. 
   With the method according to the invention, a client HMI must be assigned to a technical installation within its regional control area before it can be used to influence that installation, i.e., in many cases, the client HMI must be located within the direct environment of the technical installation. Thereby, the safety requirement is met that machines can be operated only if the operator is located in their immediate vicinity. 
   Thus, intruders, who may have broken into a technical installation but are not directly on site, are prevented from manipulating the technical installation. Furthermore, the installation cannot be operated from positions that could cause a dangerous risk. 
   Advantageously, HMI initialization data is downloaded into the assigned universal, mobile control and monitoring module, together with the HMI data of the technical installation. This HMI initialization data advantageously parameterizes the display of HMI data of the technical installation on the assigned universal, mobile control and monitoring module. 
   This has the advantage that the way in which the HMI data is displayed differs from one installation to the next and can be optimally matched to the way the respective installation is operated. The way in which the data is displayed refers to, e.g., colors and font sizes, and to the contents of the displays, such as table forms and process images. 
   In a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, it is advantageous that, together with the HMI data of the technical installation, HMI display data is loaded into the assigned universal, mobile control and monitoring module. The HIM display data includes at least process values of the technical installation, in particular actual values and alarm messages of technical apparatuses of the technical installation. 
   This has the advantage that, for example, pre-settings and ongoing actual values, i.e., variable process quantities, can be downloaded directly into the universal mobile control and monitoring module, without requiring any action on the part of the operating personnel. This exemplary embodiment makes it readily possible, for example, that, after the three steps of the method according to the invention have been completed, only an especially critical process value of an installation is downloaded and displayed on the control and monitoring module, when an operator has entered the regional control area of this installation. On the other hand, recurrent, standardized dynamic process images can also be automatically displayed. 
   Advantageously, after being updated in a fourth step of the method according to the invention, the HMI data in the assigned universal mobile control and monitoring module can be uploaded into the technical installation, in particular in the form of HMI input data. The uploaded HMI data advantageously includes setpoint or specified values for the technical installation, in particular desired values and default values for technical apparatuses of the technical installation. 
   After an operator has been “monitoring” the current state of a technical installation, it may be necessary to change a parameterization, e.g., to slightly adjust the desired values for an ongoing technical process. An operator can enter these values into the mobile control and monitoring module, which can then be uploaded into the technical installation for updating purposes. 
   The method according to the invention thus eliminates the need for a client HMI to be “preloaded” with configuration information on all possible target environments. All the necessary information is made available to the client HMI at runtime when the client HMI is located within the regional control area of the respective technical installation or installation component. Thus, “empty” client HMIs can, for example, be taken out of a stockroom and put directly into operation, without any setup time being necessary. No configuration and reloading times and no potential errors attributable thereto occur. This makes it possible to reduce the data to be temporarily downloaded and buffered in a client HMI, which results in cost-effective hardware. 
   It is particularly advantageous if HMI data are downloaded or uploaded as a function of the location of the assigned universal mobile control and monitoring module in the regional control area of the assigned technical installation, in particular as a function of the distance from the technical installation. 
   This has the special advantage that only those HMI data need to be selectively transmitted that are required to perform control and monitoring tasks at a specific local site, in particular in a technical installation or a certain part thereof, and/or that an operator can safely process. If the transmission of the HMI data is controlled, e.g., as a function of the distance from the technical installation, certain operations can be blocked, e.g., for installation safety reasons, if an operator is too far away from the technical installation, i.e., out of visual range. On the other hand, certain operations may also be blocked for reasons of personal safety, if an operator is too close to the technical installation. 
   According to another formulation of the invention, an HMI system that is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention has at least one universal mobile control and monitoring module and at least one HMI data module assigned to the technical installation. The HMI data module has a managing device for, preferably cyclically, managing the HMI data of the technical installation. A managing-and-assigning device manages the regional control area of the technical installation and assigns the universal, mobile control and monitoring module to the technical installation, if the current position of the universal, mobile control and monitoring module lies within the regional control area of the technical installation. Finally, a loading device in the HMI data module causes the HMI data of the technical installation to be at least downloaded into the assigned universal, mobile control and monitoring module. 
   This exemplary embodiment has the particular advantage that a compact HMI data module is available to carry out the steps of the method according to the invention. Advantageously, the HMI module is integrated directly into the technical installation and can be coupled thereto via a data bus. Without too much complexity, this exemplary embodiment makes it possible to retrofit existing technical installations with an HMI data module. In addition, such a module can be replaced, e.g., when maintenance or service is due. 
   Preferably, the loading device is configured in such a way that the HMI data is transmitted in contactless manner to the assigned universal, mobile control and monitoring module. All the known standards for wireless data transmission may be used, e.g., IrDA infrared data transmission and radio transmission, e.g., with Bluetooth, WLAN, GMS or GPRS. Of course, the respectively used universal mobile control and monitoring modules must then be equipped with the corresponding communications interfaces. This makes it possible to use even mobile devices, which are primarily intended for other purposes, as mobile control and monitoring modules in a system according to the invention., e.g., mobile telephones or PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants) having a radio interface. 
   Advantageously, the HMI data module has a fourth unit, such as a receiver, for receiving at least transmission messages from the assigned universal, mobile control and monitoring module, wherein the transmission messages include at least HMI input data for updating the HMI data of the technical installation. Thus, an HMI data module of this kind handles the entire spectrum of tasks, except for the direct display and the specification of HMI data. These tasks include the preferably cyclical acquisition of the HMI data within the technical installation and the updating of the HMI data by receiving and adding HMI input data uploaded from a client HMI. The HMI data module also handles all data communications from and to client HMIs. 
   According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the universal, mobile control and monitoring module of the HMI system according to the invention has a position determination device that analyzes positioning signals, which are provided by a satellite system, in particular a GPS satellite system, and that transmits the current position to the managing-and-assigning device of the HMI data module. In another exemplary embodiment, the position determination device analyzes the field strengths of local emission signals, which are received in the regional control area as positioning signals. In either case, it is advantageous, if existing navigation and emission systems are used for determining the position of the universal, mobile control and monitoring module. 
   Another HMI system that is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention has at least one universal, mobile control and monitoring module, a central server, and an HMI communications module. The central server has a managing device for, preferably cyclically, managing HMI data of the technical installation. Further, the central server has a managing-and-assigning device for managing the regional control area of the technical installation and for assigning the universal, mobile control and monitoring module to the technical installation, if the current position of the universal, mobile control and monitoring module lies within the regional control area of the technical installation. In addition, HMI communications modules are assigned to technical installations. These modules have network terminals for connecting the modules to the central server. Further, the modules have a respective loading device to at least download HMI data of the technical installation into the assigned universal, mobile control and monitoring module. 
   In this second embodiment, the tasks of the HMI data module in the above-described first embodiment are divided between the central server and the HMI communications module. Therein, the managing device and the managing-and-assigning device of the server perform the same tasks as the corresponding devices of the above HMI data module. In contrast, the task of the loading device is assumed by separate HMI communications modules. 
   In the above-described first embodiment, the HMI data is decentrally managed in the individual HMI data modules. Thus, the HMI data is spatially assigned to the respective technical installations. In contrast, in the second embodiment, the HMI data is managed centrally in a server. Only the HMI communications modules, which have the functions of data interfaces, are locally distributed and assigned to the respective technical installations. Central HMI data management has the advantage that the HMI data of different technical installations or installation parts can be managed jointly. This also allows for comparative analyses and, e.g., long-term archiving of HMI data records. The server can also assume other functions centrally, e.g., user administration with regard to access rights for all the control and monitoring modules that can be used in the system. 
   In contrast, the technical requirements for the distributed HMI communications modules are comparatively low. This has cost-related advantages if modules fail. Advantageously, an HMI communications module has a receiver for receiving at least transmission messages from the assigned universal mobile control and monitoring module and for forwarding these transmission messages to the managing device of the central server. Therein, the transmission messages include HMI input data for the technical installation. 
   This second embodiment, which is based on centrally managing the HMI data of a plurality of technical installations by a server, has basically two options for determining the position of a control and monitoring module. 
   In a first option, the universal mobile control and monitoring module itself has a position determination device. The position determination device analyzes positioning signals, which are provided, e.g., by a satellite system, in particular a GPS satellite system, and transmits the current position to a receiver of a preferably neighboring HMI communications module. The receiver then forwards the current position to the managing-and-assigning device of the central server. Proximity or short-range fields of the universal, mobile control and monitoring module may also be used for determining the position of the module. Therein, the short-range fields can be based on a communications standard, such as Bluetooth or Fast Infrared. 
   In a second option, the HMI communications module has a receiver that receives emissions of the universal mobile control and monitoring module as positioning signals so as to determine the position of the module. The positioning signals are analyzed by the HMI communications module itself or transmitted to the central server to determine the position of the mobile control and monitoring module. 
   In another embodiment, the emissions received from a plurality of HMI communications modules and transmitted to the server are used in the server to determine the current position value of the emitting mobile control and monitoring modules. Therein, the receivers for the emissions of the universal, mobile control and monitoring module can be GSM transmitting and receiving devices, GRPS transmitting and receiving devices, or WLAN transmitting and receiving devices, which may be integrated into the HMI communications modules. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention will now be described in greater detail, by way of example, with reference to the embodiments depicted in the figures, in which: 
       FIG. 1  shows a first embodiment of an HMI system according to the invention, wherein, by way of example, an HMI data module is integrated into a respective technical installation, and wherein, in a first step, positioning signals are received from a mobile control and monitoring module so as to determine the position of the mobile module; 
       FIG. 2  shows the embodiment of  FIG. 1 , wherein the mobile control and monitoring module sends transmission messages, which include, in particular, position data, to HMI data modules located within the control area of a technical installation, whereby, in a second step, a data connection with an HMI data module that is assigned to the respective regional control area is established, and wherein thereby an assignment of the mobile module to the technical installation is accomplished; 
       FIG. 3  shows the embodiment of  FIG. 1 , wherein, in a third step, the HMI data module, in whose regional control area the mobile control and monitoring module is located, sends HMI data to the mobile control and monitoring module, and wherein the HMI data include, in particular, HMI initialization data and HMI display data; 
       FIG. 4  shows a block diagram of an exemplary internal structure of a technical installation, into which an HMI data module according to the invention is integrated, and an exemplary internal structure of a mobile control and monitoring module that exchanges transmission and data messages with the HMI data module; 
       FIG. 5  shows a second embodiment of an HMI system according to the invention, wherein, by way of example, HMI communications modules are connected with a central server via a data network, and, wherein, in a first step, positioning signals are received from a mobile control and monitoring module so as to determine the position of the mobile module; 
       FIG. 6  shows the second, exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 5 , wherein, in a second step, the mobile control and monitoring module sends transmission messages, which include, in particular, position data, so as to establish a data connection with an HMI communications module in whose transmitting and receiving area the mobile control and monitoring module is located; 
       FIG. 7  shows the second exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 5 , wherein, in a third step, the HMI communications module, in whose transmitting and receiving area the mobile control and monitoring module is located, sends data messages to the mobile control and monitoring module, which are selected by a central server, and which include, in particular, HMI initialization data and HMI display data; 
       FIG. 8  shows a third exemplary embodiment of an HMI system according to the invention, wherein HMI communications modules are connected to a central server; wherein, in a first step, short-range fields, in particular emission signals from neighboring HMI communications modules, are received from a mobile control and monitoring module; and wherein the short-range fields are analyzed or evaluated so as to determine a position of the mobile module; 
       FIG. 9  shows the third, exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 8 , wherein, in a second step, the mobile control and monitoring module sends transmission messages that include, in particular, position data to the closest HMI communications module, which is, e.g., coupled to the end of a data bus, so as to establish a data connection with this HMI communications module within the assigned regional control area; 
       FIG. 10  shows the third, exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 8 , wherein, in a third step, the closest HMI communications module sends data messages, which are provided by the central server, to the mobile control and monitoring module, and wherein the data messages include, in particular, HMI initialization data and HMI display data; 
       FIG. 11  shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of an HMI system according to the invention, wherein HMI communications modules are connected to a central server, and wherein, in a first step, neighboring HMI communications modules receive radio emissions of a mobile control and monitoring module so as to determine the mobile module&#39;s position; 
       FIG. 12  shows the fourth exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 11 , wherein, in a third step, the closest HMI communications module sends data messages, which are provided by the central server, to the mobile control and monitoring module, and wherein the data messages include, in particular, HMI initialization data and HMI display data; 
       FIG. 13  shows a fifth, exemplary embodiment of an HMI system according to the invention, wherein an HMI data module is integrated into a respective technical installation, and wherein, in a first step, the position of the mobile control and monitoring module is determined through placement of the mobile module in the data acquisition range or data detection range of an HMI data module; and 
       FIG. 14  shows the fifth, exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 13 , wherein the HMI data module, in whose data detection range the mobile control and monitoring module is located, sends data messages to the mobile control and monitoring module, and wherein the data messages include, in particular, HMI initialization data and HMI display data. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   A first embodiment of an HMI system according to the invention will now be described with reference to  FIG. 1 to 3 . The figures show, by way of example, a control area OA, in which a first and a second technical installation M 1 , M 2  are arranged. The two technical installations M 1 , M 2  can be, for example, processing machines or machine tools and can represent a part of an entire plant area, e.g., a large technical installation. According to the invention, an HMI data module AP 1 , AP 2 , respectively, is assigned to the technical installations M 1 , M 2 . In  FIG. 1 to 3 , these HMI data modules are integrated into the respective technical installations, but they can also be placed in the immediate spatial surroundings thereof. 
   The control area OA includes, for example, a first regional control area OA 1  and a second regional control area OA 2 . The first regional control area OA 1  is assigned, for example, to the technical installation M 1  located adjacent thereto and is managed by the first HMI data module AP 1 , which is connected to the technical installation M 1 . The second regional control area OA 2  is assigned, for example, to the technical installation M 2  located therein and is managed by the second HMI data module AP 2 , which is connected to the technical installation M 2 . According to the invention, the regional control areas OA 1 , OA 2  ensure that the first or second technical installation M 1  or M 2  can be controlled only if an operator is located within the respectively assigned regional control area OA 1  or OA 2 . By way of example, the first regional control area OA 1  is located next to the first technical installation M 1 , because, for safety reasons, the operator is not permitted to approach the first technical installation M 1 . In contrast, the second technical installation M 2  may be more or less completely surrounded by the regional control area OA 2 , because it is necessary or at least advantageous for a person to monitor the second technical installation M 2  from all spatial directions when this installation is being operated. 
   According to the invention, universal, mobile control and monitoring modules MU are provided to operate the technical installations. These modules are preferably mobile, industrial handheld terminals, which typically have large displays, e.g., LCD displays, and a plurality of input keys and keypads. Also, mobile control and monitoring modules are often equipped with touch-sensitive displays, such as, in particular, touch screens. However, it is also possible to use non-industrial, wireless devices, e.g., mobile telephones or personal digital assistants (PDAs), as the mobile control and monitoring modules. In  FIG. 1 to 3 , a control and monitoring module MU is represented by a circle, which is located, for example, within the second regional control area OA 2 . For reasons of clarity, an operator is not depicted in  FIG. 1 to 3 . 
     FIG. 1  illustrates how, in a first step, the mobile control and monitoring module MU determines its current position by means of positioning signals. In the exemplary embodiment shown, positioning signals transmitted from a satellite system, in particular a GPS satellite system, are analyzed or evaluated.  FIG. 1 , for example, shows three transmitting and receiving stations GPS 1 , GPS 2 , GPS 3  of the satellite system. The positioning signals transmitted therefrom are received by the control and monitoring module MU and evaluated so as to determine the position of the module MU. 
   Once the mobile control and monitoring module MU has determined its current position, the mobile module MU sends out transmission messages that contain at least the currently determined position data.  FIG. 2  symbolically shows two transmission messages PM 1 , PM 2 . These messages are received by the HMI data modules AP 1  and AP 2 , which are located within the control area OA. According to the invention, the data modules AP 1  and AP 2  have units for managing the regional control area of the associated technical installation. Each HMI data module can thus detect whether or not the mobile control and monitoring module MU is located within the associated regional control area. In the example of  FIG. 1 to 3 , the control and monitoring module MU is placed within the regional control area OA 2  of the second technical installation M 2 . Thus, in a second step of the method according to the invention, the HMI data module AP 2  assigns the mobile control and monitoring module MU to the second technical installation M 2  and establishes a data connection to the control and monitoring module MU. In contrast, the HMI data module AP 1  does not react, since, based on the analysis or evaluation of the transmitted position data, this HMI data module AP 1  has detected that the control and monitoring module MU is located, at least for the moment, outside the regional control area OA 1  managed by the HMI data module AP 1 . 
     FIG. 3  shows how, in a third step of the method according to the invention, the assigned HMI data module AP 2 , in whose regional control area the mobile control and monitoring module MU is currently located, loads HMI data into the mobile control and monitoring module MU. An operator can now temporarily use the control and monitoring module to perform control and/or monitoring actions related to the second technical installation M 2 . 
   The goal of these control and/or monitoring actions is to display HMI data of the second technical installation M 2  on the mobile control and monitoring module MU for the benefit of installation personnel. In an additional, fourth step, installation personnel can transmit back to the HMI data module AP 2  setpoint values or specified values, which are, e.g., manually entered into the control and monitoring module as HMI input values, so as to update the HMI data and thereby change the operating state of the technical installation M 2 . Therein, as shown in  FIG. 3 , at least data messages DM 2  are downloaded from the HMI data module AP 2  to the control and monitoring module MU. Advantageously, the data messages DM 2  enable a bi-directional connection, i.e., HMI input data can also be uploaded from the control and monitoring module MU to the HMI data module AP 2 . 
   In the present invention, HMI data should be understood as all data that is necessary for integrated production management and the display and manipulation of which significantly influences the production result of the technical installation in terms of quantity and quality. This includes raw data that comes directly from the technical process taking place in the technical installation, e.g., the actual values of temperatures, numbers of units, etc., and the associated desired values. However, HMI data according to the present invention also includes data that has been further processed. The HMI data module can derive this further-processed data from the raw data. The derived data includes, for example, statistical trend analyses, OEE (Overall Equipment Efficiency) data, KPI (Key Performance Indicator) data, but also inventory management and work piece tracking information, planned maintenance orders and much more. This derived data is often referred to as MES data, i.e., Management Execution System data. In the present invention, the derived data is also considered part of the HMI data. 
   Depending on the data content, the HMI data can be output directly on the control and monitoring module MU as HMI display data. Preferably, this HMI display data includes process values of the technical installation M 2 , e.g., actual values and alarm messages of technical apparatuses, warning notices, etc. In addition, in the field of process automation, it is often desired to display, e.g., raw data in an easy-to-read form, e.g., in a dynamic process diagram. Furthermore, for safety reasons, operation forms or masks are often desired so as to specify HMI input data. To make this possible, HMI initialization data can be loaded, together with the HMI data, into the assigned universal, mobile control and monitoring module MU. This initialization data at least parameterizes the display of HMI data of the technical installation on the assigned, universal mobile control and monitoring module. 
   Advantageously, HMI data are transmitted as a function of the location of the assigned universal mobile control and monitoring module MU within the regional control area OA 2  of the assigned technical installation M 2 , in particular as a function of the distance from the technical installation M 2 . This enables a fine grading of the HMI data transmitted on the download link or on the upload link. If an operator having a mobile control and monitoring module MU is located, e.g., at the edge of the regional control area OA 2 , it is feasible to release only those HMI data for transmission which do not require direct visual contact with the technical installation. On the other hand, the contents of HMI data can also be controlled as a function of the spatial direction. For example, for an operator standing, e.g., directly in front of the technical installation, it may be advantageous or necessary to supply that operator with HMI data contents, or to release HMI input data for manipulation purposes, that are different from those HMI data contents or HMI input data in a situation where the operator stands behind or next to the technical installation. 
     FIG. 4  is a block diagram of an exemplary internal structure of the second technical installation M 2 , which has an HMI data module AP 2  according to the invention that is advantageously directly integrated into the second technical installation M 2 . Also depicted is an exemplary internal structure of a mobile control and monitoring module MU, which is temporarily assigned to the second technical installation M 2  in accordance with the above-described exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 1 to 3 . Thus, the mobile control and monitoring module MU can exchange transmission and data messages DM 2  with its HMI data module AP 2 . 
   According to  FIG. 4 , the second technical installation M 2  has, for example, three internal technical operation apparatuses BM 21 , BM 22 , BM 23 . These apparatuses are associated with HMI data, i.e., they generate, for example, HMI display data or require, for example, HMI input data. The HMI data can be displayed and, if necessary, controlled by the mobile control and monitoring module MU according to the invention. The HMI data is managed, in particular selected, detected, updated, stored, and prepared, e.g., for displaying or archiving purposes, in the second HMI data module AP 2  with respect to the apparatuses BM 21 , BM 22 , BM 23  and with respect to the mobile control and monitoring module MU. The second HMI data module AP 2  is linked to the apparatuses BM 21 , BM 22 , BM 23  via an internal data bus M 2 DB and a first data interface AS 1 . In addition, the second HMI data module AP 2  is linked to the mobile control and monitoring module MU via a second data interface ASK. The HMI data module AP 2  uses these interfaces to update the HMI data, preferably cyclically, quasi in both directions, i.e., by downloading and uploading the HMI data. 
   This arrangement has the advantage that all the HMI data and the associated actions are prompted and processed by the HMI data module. This significantly relieves both the technical installation and the universal, mobile control and monitoring modules. In other words, no special hardware or software measures are required to manage the HMI data. 
   By means of a processing unit AVE in the HMI data module AP 2 , the HMI data of the internal apparatuses BM 21 , BM 22 , BM 23  are supplied to a first unit AUS for preferably cyclical management, i.e., in particular for acquisition, storage and updating. Therein, both HMI display data, which are to be output to a mobile control and monitoring module, and HMI input data, which are to be received by a mobile control and monitoring module, are processed. Furthermore, a second unit AMU is provided for managing the second regional control area OA 2  of the technical installation M 2  and for assigning a universal, mobile control and monitoring module MU located therein. The second regional control area OA 2  can be managed using, e.g., stored area coordinates. If the current position of the mobile control and monitoring module lies within the boundaries of the permissible area coordinates, the second unit performs the desired assignment of a control and monitoring module to the technical installation. The second data interface ASK of the HM data module AP 2  enables a preferably contactless exchange of HMI data with the universal, mobile control and monitoring module located within the regional control area of the technical installation. 
   The mobile control and monitoring module MU receives this data via a first external data interface MSK in a contactless manner and supplies this data, preferably via an internal data bus MUDB and a processing unit MVE, to an additional unit MBO, e.g., an LCD display, in particular for outputting HMI display data. Furthermore, a specifying unit MBE is provided for specifying HMI input data, e.g., a keyboard or a touch-sensitive display, such as a touch screen, for example. Input values entered by a person via the specifying unit are loaded back to the HMI data module in a contactless manner, preferably via the processing unit MVE and the data interface MSK. 
   Advantageously, the exemplary embodiment of a mobile control and monitoring module MU shown in  FIG. 4 , which can be used in the system according to the invention, has a second external data interface MSP. This second external data interface MSP exchanges, in contactless manner, positioning signals for determining the position of the module MU with, e.g., the transmitting and receiving stations GPS 1 , GPS 2 , GPS 3  of a satellite system. Finally, a buffer MUS is provided for buffering data, in particular position data and HMI data, i.e., HMI input data, HMI initialization data and HMI display data. 
   It is one special advantage of the invention that, unlike conventional HMI devices, the function of managing HMI data is assigned to an HMI data module, and the function of displaying and controlling HMI data is assigned to a universal, mobile control and monitoring module. The “management” and “display and control” functions are thus assigned to those devices in which they can be implemented in the most effective manner. For example, a technical installation represents a source and a destination for HMI data, but is not in every case also suited for direct control and monitoring. On the other hand, a universal, mobile control and monitoring module is best suited to provide display and control functions, but is not in every case suited to also manage possibly voluminous HMI data. 
   A second exemplary embodiment of an HMI system according to the invention will now be described with reference to  FIG. 5 to 7 . In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 5 to 7 , and in the exemplary embodiment depicted in  FIG. 8 to 10 , which will be described in greater detail below, the tasks of the HMI data module described in the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 1 to 3  are carried out by a central server and by HMI communications modules. 
   A first and second HMI communications module AP 3  and AP 4 , which have a respective transmitting and receiving area AP 3 R and AP 4 R indicated by dashed ovals in  FIG. 5 to 7 , open, e.g., a third regional control area OA 3 . Thus, the transmitting and receiving areas AP 3 R and AP 4 R cover the third regional control area OA 3  completely. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 5 to 7 , the first and second HMI communications modules AP 3  and AP 4  and, thus, the third regional control area OA 3  are assigned to a technical installation M 3 . 
   A third and fourth HMI communications module AP 5  and AP 6 , which have a respective transmitting and receiving area AP 5 R and AP 6 R indicated by dashed ovals in  FIG. 5 to 7 , open e.g., a fourth regional control area OA 4 . Thus, the transmitting and receiving areas AP 5 R and AP 6 R cover the fourth regional area OA 4  completely. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 5 to 7 , the third and fourth HMI communications modules AP 5  and AP 6 , and, thus, the fourth regional control area OA 4  are assigned to a technical installation M 4 . 
   Via a data network CN, the HMI communications modules AP 3 , AP 4 , AP 5 , AP 6  are connected to a central server CS for HMI data. The central server CS is connected to the technical installations M 3 , M 4  and has a first unit for managing HMI data of the technical installations M 3 , M 4 . Preferably, the HMI data of the technical installations M 3 , M 4  are cyclically managed. Furthermore, a second unit is provided for managing the regional control areas OA 3  and OA 4  of the technical installations M 3 , M 4 , and for assigning a universal, mobile control and monitoring module MU, if that module&#39;s current position lies within one of the regional control areas OA 3  or OA 4 . Furthermore, the HMI communications modules AP 3 , AP 4  and AP 5 , AP 6  are assigned, as described above, to the technical installation M 3  or M 4 . The HMI communications modules are connected to the central server CS via the network CN and have a loading unit to load at least HMI data of the technical installations M 3  or M 4  into an associated universal, mobile control and monitoring module MU. 
   Comparable to  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 5  shows how, in a first step, a mobile control and monitoring module MU receives positioning signals to determine the position of the module MU. These positioning signals are provided, for example, by a satellite system GPS 1 , GPS 2 , GPS 3 , in particular a GPS satellite system. 
   Comparable to  FIG. 2 ,  FIG. 6  illustrates how, in a second step, the mobile control and monitoring module MU sends transmission messages PAP 5 , which contain, in particular, position data. In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 6 , the closest HMI communications module AP 5  receives the position data and transmits it to the central server CS. The transmission messages PAP 5  of the mobile control and monitoring module MU thus reach precisely the HMI communications module AP 5  in whose transmitting and receiving area AP 5 R the mobile control and monitoring module MU is located, in particular for purposes of transmitting position data or HMI input data. In principle, however, each of the HMI communications modules AP 3  to AP 6  can receive the position data, irrespective of whether the control and monitoring module is currently located within the associated regional control area. It is only necessary to ensure that a connection is possible via the transmitting and receiving area of at least one HMI communications module. With the aid of the central server CS, the universal mobile control and monitoring module MU is now at least temporarily assigned to the regional control area OA 4  and, thus, to the technical installation M 4 . 
   Finally, comparable to  FIG. 3 ,  FIG. 7  shows how, in a third step, the HMI communications module AP 5  transmits data messages DAP 5  selected by the central server CS to the mobile control and monitoring module. Therein, the mobile control and monitoring module MU is located in the transmitting and receiving area AP 5 R, and the data messages DAP 5  contain, in particular, HMI display data and/or HMI initialization data. 
   A third and fourth exemplary embodiment of an HMI system according to the invention will now be described with reference to  FIG. 8 to 10  and  FIGS. 11 and 12 . Again, a central server CS is provided to which, for example, four HMI communications modules AP 3  to AP 6  are connected, each of which has a respective transmitting and receiving area AP 3 R to AP 6 R. Since these arrangements largely correspond to those depicted in  FIG. 5 to 7 , reference is made to the corresponding description above so as to avoid repetition. The significant differences in the embodiments of  FIG. 8 to 10  and  FIGS. 11 and 12  compared to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5 to 7  lie in the respective, different manner in which the position of a mobile control and monitoring module MU is determined. 
   In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 8 , the mobile control and monitoring module MU receives and analyzes, in a first step, short-range fields so as to determine the position of the module MU. These short-range fields are, in particular, emission signals of neighboring HMI communications modules. In  FIG. 8 , these emission signals are, for example, emission signals AP 5 S, AP 6 S of the third and fourth HMI communications module AP 5 , AP 6 , in particular field strengths emitted therefrom. In a second step, as illustrated in  FIG. 9 , the mobile control and monitoring module MU sends transmission messages PAP 6  to the closest HMI communications module AP 6 . The transmission messages PAP 6  contain, in particular, position data, and the closest HMI communications module AP 6  is, in this case, coupled to the end of the data bus or data network CN, for example. As illustrated in  FIG. 10 , since the mobile communications and monitoring module MU is now assigned to the regional control area OA 4  and, thus, to the technical installation M 4 , data messages DAP 6 , which are provided by the central server CS, are transmitted, in a third step, to the mobile control and monitoring module MU. The transmission of the data messages DAP 6  takes place, e.g., via the closest HMI communications module AP 6 , and the data messages DAP 6  contain, in particular, associated HMI display data and/or HMI initialization data. 
   In contrast, in the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 11 , emissions MUS of the mobile control and monitoring module MU are received, in a first step, by neighboring HMI communications modules, e.g., the modules AP 5 , AP 6 , and are analyzed to determine the position of the mobile control and monitoring module MU. The receiving devices in the HMI communications modules that are required for this purpose are configured, e.g., as GSM, GPRS or WLAN transmitting and receiving devices. The position is then determined by analyzing these emissions, either in an HMI communications module or in the central server. As illustrated in  FIG. 12 , since the mobile control and monitoring module MU is now assigned to the regional control area OA 4  and, thus, to the technical installation M 4 , data messages DAP 6 , which are provided by the central server CS, are transmitted, in a third step, to the mobile control and monitoring module MU. The transmission of the data messages DAP 6  takes place, e.g., via the closest HMI communications module AP 6 , and the data messages DAP 6  contain, in particular, associated HMI display data and/or HM initialization data. 
   A fifth exemplary embodiment of the HMI system according to the invention will now be described with reference to  FIGS. 13 and 14 . Since these arrangements are comparable to the arrangement depicted in  FIG. 1 to 3 , reference is made to the corresponding description provided above so as to avoid repetition. The significant difference in the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 13 ,  14 , as compared to the embodiment of  FIG. 1 to 3 , lies in the manner of determining the position of a mobile control and monitoring module MU. 
   In the first step, as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , the mobile control and monitoring module MU itself determines its position. For this purpose, proximity fields or short-range fields SAM 2 , which are emitted by the HMI data module AP 2 , are received and analyzed. Therein, the HMI data module AP 2  is located in spatial proximity to the module MU and integrated in the second technical installation M 2 . These proximity fields or short-range fields are based, for example, on a known transmission standard, e.g., on the so-called BLUETOOTH or Infrared standard. The position of the mobile control and monitoring module MU is determined by placing the module MU within the data acquisition range or data detection range of an HMI data module. Once the mobile control and monitoring module MU has determined its position, and once the module MU has transmitted its position to the HMI data module AP 2 , the module MU is assigned to the regional control area OA 2  and, thus, to the technical installation M 2 . In a third step, by emissions within the data transmission range DAM 2  of the HMI data module AP 2 , the associated HMI display data and/or HMI initialization data can now be transmitted to the mobile control and monitoring module MU, as illustrated in  FIG. 14 . 
   The above description of the preferred embodiments has been given by way of example. From the disclosure given, those skilled in the art will not only understand the present invention and its attendant advantages, but will also find apparent various changes and modifications to the structures and methods disclosed. It is sought, therefore, to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims, and equivalents thereof. 
   LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 
   
     FIG. 1-3 
   
   
       
       OA Control area, in particular a control area in a manufacturing area 
       M 1 , M 2  A first and second technical installation, respectively, e.g., a production machine or a processing machine 
       AP 1 , AP 2  A first and second HMI data module, respectively, which is connected to or integrated into the first and second technical installation M 1  or M 2   
       OA 1  A first regional control area within the control area OA, which is assigned, for example, to the technical installation M 1  located adjacent thereto and which is managed by the first HMI data module AP 1  connected thereto 
       OA 2  A second regional control area within the control area OA, which is assigned, for example, to the technical installation M 2  located therein and which is managed by the second HMI data module AP 2  connected thereto 
       MU Universal mobile control and monitoring module, in particular a mobile handheld terminal, which is located, in the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 1 to 3 , in the second regional control area OA 2  that is managed by the second HMI data module AP 2  of the second technical installation M 2   
       GPS 1 -GPS 3  Transmitting and receiving stations of a satellite system for positioning signals for determining the position of the mobile control and monitoring module, e.g., for transmitting GPS type positioning signals 
       PM 1 , PM 2  Transmission messages of the mobile control and monitoring module MU to the HMI data modules AP 1 , AP 2 , which are arranged within the control area OA for transmitting position data or HMI input data 
       DM 2  HMI data messages from the HMI data module AP 2  of the technical installation M 2  to the mobile control and monitoring module MU for loading HMI data of the technical installation M 2 , in particular HMI initialization data or HMI display data
 
 FIG. 4 
 
M 2 , Second Technical Installation
 
       BM 21 , BM 22 , BM 23  Internal apparatuses of the second technical installation M 2 , which generate or require the HMI data, via a mobile control and monitoring module MU, for display or control purposes 
       M2 DB Internal data bus
 
AP 2 , Second HMI Data Module
 
       AVE Processing unit 
       AUS First unit for preferably cyclically managing HMI data of the technical installation M 2 , in particular for acquiring, storing and updating HMI data of the internal apparatuses BM 21 , BM 22 , BM 23 , i.e., both HMI display data to be output to a mobile control and monitoring module and HMI input data to be received by a mobile control and monitoring module 
       AS 1  First data interface for transmitting HMI data of the assigned technical installation, in particular HMI data of the apparatuses BM 21 , BM 22 , BM 23  of the technical installation M 2   
       AMU Second unit for managing the second regional control area of the technical installation and for assigning a mobile control and monitoring module MU located therein 
       ASK Second data interface for transmitting HMI data to a mobile universal control and monitoring module located within the regional control area of the technical installation, preferably in contactless manner
 
MU, Mobile Control and Monitoring Module
 
       MSK First external data interface for contactless data exchange with the second HMI data module AP 2 , i.e., for transmitting position data and/or HMI input data and for transmitting HMI initialization data and/or HMI display data 
       MSP Second external data interface for the contactless exchange of radio positioning signals for position determination purposes 
       MVE Processing unit 
       MUDB Internal data bus 
       MUS Buffer for storing data, in particular position data, HMI input data, HMI initialization data and HMI display data 
       MBO Additional unit for outputting HMI display data, e.g., an LCD display MBE Specifying unit for specifying HMI input data, e.g., a keyboard or a touch-sensitive display, such as a touch screen
 
 FIG. 5-7 
 
       AP 3 , AP 4  A first and second HMI communications module, respectively 
       AP 3 R, AP 4 R Transmitting and receiving areas of the first and the second HMI communications module AP 3 , AP 4 , respectively 
       AP 5 , AP 6  A third and fourth HMI communications module, respectively 
       AP 5 R, AP 6 R Transmitting and receiving areas of the third and the fourth HMI communications module AP 5 , AP 6 , respectively 
       OA 3  Third regional control area, which is opened by the two HMI communications modules AP 3 , AP 4  located therein 
       OA 4  Fourth regional control area, which is opened by the two HMI communications modules AP 5 , AP 6  located therein 
       CS Central server for HMI data 
       CN Data network for connecting the HMI communications modules AP 3 , AP 4 , AP 5 , AP 6  to the central server for HMI data 
       PAP 5  Transmission messages of the mobile control and monitoring module MU to the HMI communications module AP 5  in whose transmitting and receiving area AP 5 R the mobile control and monitoring module MU is located, in particular for transmitting position data and/or HMI input data 
       DAP 5  Data messages from the HMI communications module AP 5  to the mobile control and monitoring module MU, in particular for transmitting HMI initialization data and/or HMI display data
 
 FIG. 8-10 
 
       AP 5 S, AP 6 S Emission signals from the third and fourth HMI communications module, in particular their field strengths, which are received by the mobile control and monitoring module MU to determine its position 
       PAP 6  Transmission messages of the mobile control and monitoring modules MU to an HMI communications module, e.g., to the HMI communications module AP 6 , which is connected at the end of the data network CN, for transmitting position data and/or HMI input data to the central server CS for HMI data 
       DAP 6  Data messages from the closest HMI communications module AP 6  to the mobile control and monitoring module MU for transmitting HMI initialization data and/or HMI output data, which are provided by the central server CS, specifically for the control and monitoring module MU located within the fourth regional control area OA 4 
 
 FIGS. 11 ,  12 
 
       MUS Radio emissions of the mobile control and monitoring module MU, received by the neighboring HMI communications module AP 5 , AP 6  and analyzed to determine the position of the mobile control and monitoring module MU
 
 FIG. 13-14 
 
       SAM 2  data acquisition area of the second HMI data module AP 2  in the second technical installation M 2   
       DAM 2  data transmission area of the second HMI data module AP 2  in the second technical installation M 2