Abstract:
A passport and identification card reader minimizes the time and effort required for an operator to read/scan a passport or piece of identification. An immigration official, for example, can slide a passport into place with one hand while tending to other important security activities with the other hand. Once in place, the passport will be automatically detected and read. Numerous passports bound together by a traveler with multiple visas can be held flat in place and accurately read, even with one hand, despite the natural tendency of the passport(s) to return to a closed position.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 12/118,009, entitled “IDENTIFICATION READER”, filed May 9, 2008, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/928,825, entitled: “IA-THENTICATE REPACKAGE DESIGN”, filed May 10, 2007. Both of these applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to the reading of identification documents, including passports. 
         [0003]    Facilitating prompt passenger clearance is the most fundamental mandate of all border service/security agencies. Increased world-wide traveler flow and tightening security mandates has made this exercise quite challenging. Border service agencies are increasingly examining the border crossing work-flow models in order to make these processes more efficient. The introduction of the e-passport, however, has exacerbated traditional work flow models. Whereas traditional passport reading is accomplished in 2-3 seconds, many of the latest e-passports can take as long as 10 seconds to process. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    A passport and identification card reader minimizes the time and effort required for an operator to read/scan a passport or piece of identification. A border service/security agent, for example, can slide the passport into place with one hand while tending to other important security activities with the other hand. Once in place the passport will be automatically detected and read. Numerous passports bound together by a traveler with multiple visas can be held flat in place and accurately read, even with one hand, despite the natural tendency of the passport(s) to return to a closed position. 
         [0005]    One aspect of the invention relates to a passport reader that comprises: a body comprising a digital image capture mechanism and a platen located above the digital image capture mechanism; a fixed positioning device atop the body; the fixed positioning device having a outer surface and an inner surface and an opening for receiving a passport; and a plurality of brushes affixed to the inner surface and extending down towards the platen; the plurality of the brushes operable to hold a page of the passport against the platen such that an operator of the reader need use only one hand to place the passport within the opening, have the passport read, and remove the passport. 
         [0006]    Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of operating an identification reader. The method comprises transmitting an infrared signal from an infrared emitter over a path to an infrared sensor; placing a piece of identification in the reader thereby blocking the path from the infrared emitter to the infrared sensor; detecting the presence of the identification in the reader by: performing an initial detection by sampling data from a digital image capture mechanism of the reader; verifying the initial detection by monitoring the infrared sensor, wherein if the infrared sensor does not detect an infrared signal above a threshold level, the initial detection is verified; and capturing an image of the identification with the digital image capture sensor of the reader. 
         [0007]    Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a method of operating an identification reader. The method comprises transmitting an infrared signal from an infrared emitter over a path to an infrared sensor; placing a piece of identification in the reader thereby blocking the path from the infrared emitter to the infrared sensor; detecting the presence of the identification in the reader by: performing an initial detection by sampling data from a digital image capture mechanism of the reader; verifying the initial detection by monitoring the infrared sensor, wherein if the infrared sensor does not detect an infrared signal above a threshold level, the initial detection is verified; and capturing an image of the identification with the digital image capture sensor of the reader. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0008]      FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of reader  100 . 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  illustrates a perspective view of the document holder  150  and brushes of reader  100 . 
           [0010]      FIG. 3  illustrates a perspective view of a portion of document holder  150  and reader  100 . 
           [0011]      FIG. 4  illustrates a plan view of reader  100 . 
           [0012]      FIGS. 5A and 5B  are enlarged views of document holder  150  and reader  100 . 
           [0013]      FIG. 6A  is a section of reader  100 . 
           [0014]      FIG. 6B  is a section of area E shown in  FIG. 6A . 
           [0015]      FIG. 6C  is another section of reader  100 . 
           [0016]      FIG. 6D  is a section of area F of  FIG. 6C . 
           [0017]      FIGS. 7-11  are different views of the optics module assembly and components of reader  100 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0018]    As mentioned in the background, facilitating prompt passenger clearance is the most fundamental mandate of all border service/security agencies. Increased world-wide traveler flow and tightening security mandates has made this exercise quite challenging. Border service agencies are increasingly examining the border crossing work-flow models in order to make these processes more efficient. The introduction of the e-passport, however, has exacerbated traditional work flow models. Whereas traditional passport reading is accomplished in 2-3 seconds, many of the latest e-passports can take as long as 10 seconds to process. Where it was formerly acceptable for agents to hold a document in place, it is now considered an excessive burden of the agent&#39;s time for this task. It is generally felt that that time could be better served by freeing up agents hands to perform other passenger clearance tasks. 
         [0019]    Embodiments of the present invention therefore provide for hands-free operation. In other words, once the passport or other ID is inserted, the scan will automatically take place. The user does not need to hold the passport or ID in place, or press any buttons to commence the scan. 
         [0020]    Successful hands-free design in a passport reader requires document placement guidance and the securing of travel documents ensuring read accuracy while operators are no longer in possession/control of the document. Existing solutions are not favorably regarded by customers as they have impeded operator usage and have failed to facilitate insertion guidance over the range of expected documents. 
         [0021]    As seen in  FIGS. 1-6  illustrating document reader  100 , document insertion occurs along insertion path  130  ( FIG. 4 ) by passing a document across an upper surface or shelf  116  of the reader to a glass document scanning area, sometimes referred to as a platen  118 . The document insertion process is completed when the document comes to rest against a back-stop and side-stop which provide a consistent placement and alignment guide for the document. 
         [0022]    Prior designs for holding a document implement hard mechanical bodies to ensure a document is coerced flat to the imaging surface. These structures are observed to interfere with an operator&#39;s hands or require manipulations by the user. During the reading process, document placement is critical and must not be disrupted during the scanning process. Thus, a user must be able to insert a document and remove his/her hand without relocating or dislodging the document. The document should be held substantially flat against the surface  118  as failure to do so will result in poorly focused imagery and yield performance failures. As the surface  118  also represents a reference plane for an RFID antenna/transmitter relationship between the reader and document (smartchip), placement in near proximity to the antenna is required to ensure successful data transfer. 
         [0023]    The user experience during this process ensures a simple yet consistent manner for reading documents. As many users must repetitively use the system, reader  100  does not impose discomfort or resistance to their exertions, as will be described below. Some examples of the document characteristics accommodated by reader  100  are described below.
       1) Passport size—World-wide production of passports yields many different styles and types of documents. Type variations alter the manner of document insertion. Reader  100  accommodates such variations which include: rigid plastic card type document stock, flimsy thin-paper style document stock, and size variants from 4.9-6.0 inch document widths and approximately 4 inches in height. The maximum opening width is 6.0 inches and the maximum opening height is 0.61 inches.   2) ID size—Identity documents come is many shapes and sizes. The most common ID (such as a driver&#39;s license in the U.S.) is a rigid card stock with 3⅜ inches width and 2⅛ inches in height. Such an ID can also be read by the reader  100 .   3) Passport construction—Some passports possess binding designs whereby there insistence on remaining closed acts against the user&#39;s exertions to insert the document. The passport&#39;s natural tendency is to not remain flat in the proper reading position. A successful design requires holding a document in place while a user is no longer engaged with the document   4) Worn documents—The characteristics and rigidity of a worn document can vary depending on document construction material. Of particular note is the soft bound passport style that tends to curl or warp across the document surface. Successful hands free design must make concessions to coerce these deformations into proper reading position.   5) Multi-bound documents—It is not uncommon for a certain percentage of travelers to maintain and use 2 or 3 outdated passports. This behavior is necessary for travelers where expired passports contain non-expired visas. There is a tendency among such travelers to either staple or use rubber bands to bind several documents together. Asking them to separate the documents during the border clearance stage would introduce delays in the work flow model. Thus, accommodating booklet thicknesses 2-3 times the normal passport thickness is desired and is a feature of the embodiments of the present invention.       
 
         [0029]    The hands-free design of reader  100  also accounts for varying body types of users. These traits include: hand thickness, hand length, or height (angle of insertion). It is also common for some users to wear jewelry, such as large rings. The nominal distance between the top of the platen and the lower surface of a light shield  112  is approximately one inch but may vary from about 0.8 to 1.2 inches in the central portion of the platen, which should accommodate the vast majority of commonly worn jewelry, while still sufficiently shielding from ambient light. The hands-free design does not impinge on the operator&#39;s ability to wear jewelry. The design allows the operator to complete the document reading processing using a single hand. 
         [0030]    The document reader  100  is an image capture device using, in a preferred embodiment, at least one light source during the reading process. Note that certain embodiments may employ multiply light sources of the same of varying type (e.g. infrared or invisible light). In order to preserve optimal performance of the reader, it is important that external/ambient light be prevented from entering the imaging area. Embodiments disclosed herein incorporate shield  112  that blocks such external light. 
         [0031]    The preferred embodiment of document reader  100  shown in the figures employs the use of brushes  110  (or other soft membrane substrates such as elastomers) in order to coerce a document flat to the document surface or platen  118 . Note that more or less brushes may be used in other embodiments. In reader  100 , three brushes  110 A,  110 B, and  110 C are incorporated into an upper housing of fixed document positioning device  150 , which serves a dual purpose as an ambient light shield. Document positioning device  150 , is fixed, which is to say it does not need to be moved by a user to hold a document into place, as, for example is necessary in flatbed scanners where a hinged cover must be rotated into place to hold a document flat against the scanner platen so that it can be properly imaged. 
         [0032]    As can be seen, in the preferred embodiment of reader  100 , three brushes are utilized. Central brush  110 B is considerably shorter than side brushes  110 A and  110 C. Central brush  110 B is approximately one inch or less, and is preferably 0.7 inches in length whereas side brushes  110 A and  110 C are approximately two to three inches in length, and preferably about 2.8 inches in length. Central brush  110 A is as at the apex of cutout  112 C ( FIG. 4 ) of light shield  112 . Cutout  112 C, and in general the shape of light shield  112 , allows a user to enter his/her hand into the fixed positioning device  150  in an area over the platen  118  in order to slide the material to be read into the proper position. The comparatively shorter length of central brush  110 B also provides less resistance to insertion at the central portion of document/platen. 
         [0033]    The length, orientation, and height of the brushes have been optimized to provide the following: 
         [0034]    a) All brush bristle heights are optimized to provide mild engagement resistance for normal/common passports. 
         [0035]    b) Side brushes  110 A and  110 C are oriented off-axis (slanted) in order to minimize pinching force that occurs as a bristle sweeps through its at-rest (straight) position. 
         [0036]    c) Side brush length (the direction of document travel) is optimized to provide retention force from leading edge of passport toward the binding of the passport. The force applied in this design combats passport binding retention, which causes the passport to spring up off the surface to its normal closed position. 
         [0037]    d) Brush height (bristle length) of about 0.74-0.78 (preferably 0.75) inches in the preferred embodiment provides sufficient stroke length to accommodate up to four multi-bound passports. Note that this may vary depending on the type of passport and may be less in certain embodiments designed to accommodate a lesser number of passports. The brush height (bristle length) is the same for both the center and side angled brushes. 
         [0038]    e) Center brush orientation and length have been optimized to provide intentional document retention to combat outward directional force introduced by binding retention. As a document attempts to close, the wedge geometry acts to retract the document from the fully inserted position. 
         [0039]    Central brush  110 B is oriented at an angle substantially perpendicular to the surface of platen  118 , whereas side brushes  110 A and  110 C are preferably oriented at an angle other than perpendicular to the platen and the document page of interest. In the preferred embodiments, the side brushes  110 A and  110 C are oriented at about 24 to 26 degrees from vertical. The cant of the brushes may be oriented towards or away form the outside edges of the document and platen. The side brushes can therefore deflect to a greater degree than if the bristles were oriented perpendicularly to the platen. The brushes are spaced approximately 3.8 inches apart from each other. This provides: a) Displacement area for engaged brush; b) Unimpeded location for hand/finger insertion; and c) Document retention along the left and right document edges to combat document curl, and center brush location to combat document bowing. 
         [0040]    As mentioned above, reader  100  incorporates a clear window as part of the platen  118 , which is preferably made of glass but may be made of any transparent material. A document is slid onto the window in a sweeping motion along document insertion path  130 . The body of reader  100  is polymeric and the junction or seam between the body and the window is a potential location where documents may get snagged as they are slid onto or off of the window. As seen in  FIGS. 4 ,  5 A and  5 B, an upper shelf  116  of the body of reader  100  incorporates a document insertion deflection structure  140 . Deflection structure  140  is preferably an arcuate or rounded structure with a gradual transition from the leading and trailing edges to the highest portion. This avoids catching a document on the leading edge on the way to the platen and on the trailing edge on the way off of the platen. As a document passes over the document insertion deflection structure, it is raised over window/body seam  142 . Additionally, the upper shelf features a beveled or rounded edge at the seam so that when identification cards (that fit entirely on the platen) are removed they do not snag on the seam. 
         [0041]    Reader  100  is operable to read electronic or “smart” passports in accordance with ISO14443 and comprises an RFID antenna/transmitter, as described in the ISO standard, hereby incorporated by reference in the entirety. 
       Document Detection Sensor 
       [0042]      FIG. 6A  is a section of reader  100 , and  FIG. 6B  is a section of area E shown in  FIG. 6A . Infrared transmitter  162  is used to illuminate material to be read, which is reflected from the material and captured by image capture sensor  164 .  FIG. 6C  is another section of reader  100  and  FIG. 6D  is a section of area F of  FIG. 6C . 
         [0043]    Initial document detection sequences take advantage of the flexibility and high degree of information content by sampling data from the digital image capture sensor  164 . Using image capture sensor  164  for identifying the presence of a document not only initiates the capture process but information gathered with regard to document shape, position and orientation, is also passed to the processor to optimize system performance. 
         [0044]    One disadvantage with imaging based documentation schemas is their susceptibility to false events induced by extraneous image related events, such as light shadows induced by a passerby or environmental lighting changes. To distinguish between whether a document is present and these extraneous events reader  100  uses a unique process of lighting variation detection followed by image based analysis for document structure characteristics. 
         [0045]    Lighting variation detection is accomplished by monitoring a parameter within the imaging device which surveys the average brightness as witnessed by the sensor. To combat issues related to ambient light and environmental conditions, reader  100  preferably employs the use of infrared lighting. Use of infrared lighting additionally limits the nuisance to the operator in having white light emitting towards them while the system is waiting for document scanning. 
         [0046]    Document structure analysis is performed whereby normal document traits, such as orthogonal edges, bright field content, and orthogonally oriented content composition are recognized. 
         [0047]    As some documents can potentially go undetected using the imaging based analysis, a design has been created whereby this method is further supplemented by use of infrared receiver  160 , which in a preferred embodiment comprises one or more photodiodes. Receiver  160  is arranged such that exposure to the infrared lighting will be detected by the photodiode, and in one preferred embodiment saturates the photodiode junction. The photodiode is modulated to supply a binary signal to a detection algorithm via microprocessor control. As an object is passed by the photodiode, the transmission of infrared energy is obstructed thereby prohibiting reception and/or saturation of the photodiode. As photodiodes are susceptible to failure to detect obstruction as a result of opaque light transmission through a document or direct transmission through clear edged documents, it is necessary to extend their detection capability. In this regard, reader  100  employs a unique arrangement by creating an assembly that orients the diode in a manner to favor position specific document detection in a light emission field that exposes a broad document surface. This unique orientation mechanism allows simultaneous usage of infrared lighting to illuminate to imaging target and for document detection purposes. The photodiode is aligned such that it is biased by the emitter illumination source in a position that intersects the platen about 0.75 to 1.0 inches, (preferably 0.84 inches) from the rear document stop and about 0.75 to 1.0 inches (preferably 0.82 inches) in height above the platen at an angle of about 30-40 (preferably 35) degrees. 
         [0048]    Optics Module 
         [0049]    In the case of passport reader technology, the marketplace demands an increasing level of sophistication in the implementation of image resolution. Specifically, the market desire for increasing image pixel density to identify and recognize greater detail in document issuance traits is driven by the availability of camera image sensor availability. While inclusion of higher density camera devices is readily achievable by manufacturers, the incorporation of such devices in order to yield optimal optical performance is not. Inclusion of higher density cameras without incorporation of techniques to optimize optical properties is analogous to a human with poor optometry viewing the world through improperly prescribed eyeglasses. While the human vision engine (the eye) is capable of forming high information content image collection (high pixel density), the poor prescription prevents the crispness of image in being transferred to the retina. The result is an out of focus image. Employment of high density camera technology into passport readers must consider this optics implementation with the same regard. Without properly prescribed prescription and optical properties, the advancements in camera technology will not be realized. 
         [0050]    Criticality in design of the passport reader optical system is in direct contention with the need to simplify design and employ low cost manufacturing techniques. Specifically, alignment of a highly complex optical design requires tightness of tolerance not normally achieved with such manufacturing techniques 
         [0051]    Reader  100  employs the use of injection molded bodies that incorporate integrated alignment mechanisms. It also includes part marriage component design that engages body to body reference as to not require manufacturing assembly attentiveness. Spring loaded floating component techniques ensure the direct mating of the camera sensor to ensure orthogonal placement with regard to optical lens alignment. Mounting consideration of the optical lens enables a post assembly focus adjustment unlike the prior art. Further, the camera alignment for lateral position and skew is facilitated by the floating spring design in conjunction with camera circuit board features to also allow unique post assembly alignment during the manufacturing process. Optics module assembly  200  is illustrated in  FIGS. 7-11 . 
         [0052]    With any optical lens, it is required to position the lens between the object of attention and the image that is formed at a target location. In the present case, this position is between the document and the digital camera sensor. If the lens is not positioned for optimal optical conditions, the system will not achieve its intended image resolution prescription. 
         [0053]    To achieve this capability, reader lens  206  incorporates a simple barrel design. Grooves or slots are incorporated in the barrel design for the mounting of a C-style compression ring  208 . This ring is used in conjunction with an orthogonally arranged wedge driving screw (focus screw  210  ( FIG. 9 )) to transfer directional force of the screw in a directional force  204  along the lens axis. When mounted in its housing, the lens is engaged with a curved spring disk  202  which acts to impose an opposing force along the lens axis to the prior mentioned compression ring arrangement. Thus, as the focus screw is adjusted, the lens position is altered in a direction orthogonal to the focus screw on axis with the camera sensor. This motion and orientation defines the optical axis and provides a means for positioning the lens for optimal focus. 
         [0054]    The arrangement of lens design, compression ring, focus screw, lens body mount, and curved spring disk  202  utilizes inexpensive commonly available components to achieve extremely precise lens focus action. In any sort of lens camera arrangement, it is more common to employ lens mount devices, such as threaded sleeves or gear driven mechanisms to achieve lens positioning, which have significantly higher fabrication costs, and are therefore less desirable. 
         [0055]    The focus screw  210  is further equipped with a dual nut retention feature  210 B. A single nut is required to provide a thread for the screw action whereas the second nut provides extended screw alignment to ensure precise positioning with regard to the compression ring where the screw is housed in the injection molded housing. This technique is a detail that ensures success in achieving precision using economical components. The focus screw  210  is paired with an accompanying retention screw  212  to hold the lens in place in its final optical position. 
         [0056]    Proper high accuracy reader operation requires a precise orthogonal arrangement of the digital camera device and the lens. In the prior design of reading devices, such an arrangement is achieved through precisely controlled machined components. A more economically viable solution using injection molded plastic components means that such precision is not by default afforded. Embodiments of reader  100  incorporate injection molded body design that employ orthogonal reference planes for the lens and camera sensor. The challenge in achieving this relationship balances the limited availability of material in an interlocking design where structural support of adjoining members accommodates weaker substructures. 
         [0057]    The principle feature that establishes the orthogonal relationship of the lens and sensor are the protrusions  222  ( FIG. 10 ) that extend downward from the upper optical lens mount body ( FIG. 10 ). By establishing the upper body as the base of optic alignment, no alignment attentiveness is required during manufacture assembly between the upper and lower assembly cavities ( FIG. 10 ). Protrusions  222  are inserted between the limited gap allowed between the lens and camera sensor device in order to comply with optical design requirements; optical design requires tight placement between the lens and the digital image sensor device. As injection molded components require a tapering in their structure, establishing a solution using thin wall design is limited by the tapering of these structural walls. Thin walls are extremely susceptible to deformation during the molding process where unformed molting plastic is cured to define a rigid body part. In this process, parts are removed from the mold while warm and still malleable. The malleability induces deformation of parts as a result of the inability to keep parts in a fixed location as they cool and become rigid. As the basis of orthogonal alignment, the protrusion design is challenged by these characteristics in the molding process. 
         [0058]    In reader  100 , the thin walled protrusions  222  are engaged in the lower assembly cavity. Using the characteristic of continued malleability of the thin walled components, a method was devised to use the lower cavity to reform the protrusions into proper position by the marriage of the upper and lower cavities. This engagement establishes an alignment of the two bodies while simultaneously supporting the thinner weak protrusion construction by the larger thick walled lower structure. The lens barrel design includes a chamfer  224  in order to provide adequate material to support the protrusion engagement interface  226   
         [0059]    It is desirable to align the camera image sensor to the optical axis in order to achieve alignment between the captured image and the intended viewing target. These adjustments accommodate standard errors common in the fabrication of the image sensor and errors during assembly of the image sensor to its controlling circuitry. Fine positioning sensitivity is required with horizontal, vertical, and rotational position of the sensor along the plane of the sensor to lens interface. Once adjusted, it is critical to hold this position for the life of the product. So, while the sensor must allow for adjustment in position, its placement must be locked into its final position. Achieving a design that allows this capability after completion of the assembly process introduces significant economical advantage as a result of reduced material handling and sequential assembly interruptions. 
         [0060]    Reader  100  achieves this with an arrangement of spring loaded retention screws (described below) to both hold the camera in its final position while simultaneously allowing positional adjustment. 
         [0061]    Engagement of the digital image sensor  164  face with the lens plane is ensured by directional force applied by the sensor plane retention screws  238 . These screws engage with mating nuts that are retained within the injection molded body. Precision compression springs  230  are captured by the screw and nut in an arrangement that imposes force on the sensor against the lens sensor plane. This force ensures mating of the sensor to the lens sensor plane while simultaneously allowing the sensor to move along this surface. 
         [0062]    Positioning the sensor along the lens sensor plane occurs through an arrangement of three adjustment screws: two screws  242  for vertical and skew adjustment, one screw  236  for horizontal adjustment. The springs use a similar arrangement using precision compression springs to induce opposing forces to the adjustment screw. This force not only ensures engagement with the screw but imposes sufficient force to hold the camera in its final location throughout the life of the product. This arrangement of readily available inexpensive components continues to support the economic advantages in this assembly process while yielding specification tolerance control not normally achieved with low cost injection mold design. 
         [0063]    The action of the vertical and skew adjustment screws  242  is achieved by an arrangement of two screws along the bottom of the camera sensor circuit board  246 . The opposing force for these adjusting screws is applied by precision compression springs  232  on the adjacent side of the circuit board. Skew correction is achieved by adjusting the screws  242  in opposing directions. The upward force on one screw in conjunction with the downward force on the second screw induces a rotational orientation change. Vertical position correction is achieved by adjusting these screws in the same direction. The horizontal position action is created by an arrangement of an adjustment screw  236  in a similarly arranged configuration that captures a precision compression spring which imposes force on the capturing nut. The nut  234  is arranged whereby adjustment of the screw induces an upward/downward motion on the nut. The nut due to its arrangement with the camera circuit board, which employs a wedge shape design mating with the nut, induces a horizontal translation of the circuit board by the vertical translation of the nut. An opposing spring  244  is designed to ensure suitable force to oppose the direction of the nut/wedge translation. 
         [0064]    While embodiments have been described above, it should be understood that the present invention should not be limited by the disclosed embodiments, but entitled to the full scope recited in the appended Claims.