Abstract:
A robust tag. The robust tag may include a body section, at least one movable latching member disposed within the body section, at least one attachment structure receivable within the body and selectively engageable to the at least one latching member; and at least one responsive member disposed within the body and in cooperative arrangement with the at least one latching member. Upon the application of a signal to at least one drive position on the body section, the responsive member generates a flexural wave that induces a movement of the at least one latching member, so as to disengage the at least one latching member from the at least one attachment structure.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Radio frequency devices, such as resonant absorbers, acousto-magnetic structures and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, can be encapsulated in mechanically robust materials, such as laminations of plastic or injection molded thermoplastic cases to protect them from either intentional or unintentional damage. One application of such devices is in electronic article surveillance (EAS) tags, which are commonly used in various locations to prevent unauthorized removal of inventory from a controlled area. Such tags may be paired with a detection system that is located at a boundary of the controlled area, and which generates an alert when an EAS tag is detected proximate to the detection system. For example, in retail establishments, EAS tags are affixed to articles for sale within the establishment and detection systems are installed at points of exit from the establishment. Thus, attempts at inventory theft are detected and successful attempts are markedly reduced. 
     Alternatively the movement of the devices may be tracked at locations inside a controlled area, such as a changing room in a apparel retail establishment, to detect unusual events that may be associated with theft occurring. To remove an article from a controlled area, the tag must be decoupled from the article. As tags are intended to only be decoupled from articles by personnel authorized to do so, special tools or detachment devices are typically provided so as to decouple the tag without damaging the article. Many such tools and detachment devices utilize solely mechanical means to detach the tag. However, such tags are susceptible to detachment by unauthorized individuals who can employ an approximation of the detachment mechanism to defeat the tag. Other types of EAS tags may utilize more sophisticated methods for detachment, for example non-mechanical or non-contact methods. However, such tags result in increased costs of manufacture and increased costs of utilization. Thus, a low-cost electronic article surveillance tag that is not easily defeatable by unauthorized methods is needed. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The embodiments of the present invention described below are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed in the following detailed description. Rather, the embodiments are chosen and described so that others skilled in the art may appreciate and understand the principles and practices of the present invention. 
     According to at least one exemplary embodiment, a low cost latch mechanism designed to integrate with a robust tag is disclosed. The robust tag can have at least one latch mechanism in selective engagement to at least one attachment structure, the at least one latch mechanism being in cooperative arrangement with at least one member responsive to acoustic energy such that a flexural wave generated by the at least one acoustically responsive member induces a movement of the at least one latch mechanism. A tag detaching device adapted to receive the robust tag in proximity and having a signal generator for emitting a signal at one or more frequencies to which the at least one acoustic member is responsive is also disclosed. The signal generator can emit an acoustic signal at ultrasonic frequencies, and the at least one acoustic member can be responsive to the acoustic signal such that application of the acoustic signal to the at least one acoustic member generates a flexural wave which induces movement of the at least one acoustic member so as to disengage the at least one latching mechanism from the at least one attachment structure. Said signal generator may be a specific device manufactured for the task of removing robust tags, or may another device capable of emitting acoustic energy, such as a computer, netbook or phone, said device receiving the required frequencies or tone pattern in response to an identification code or pattern associated with the product. The identification code may be either entered manually, or read from an RFID device embedded in the robust tag. Obtaining the required unlocking pattern may involve interaction of the identification code with a remote system via the web or other data connection. 
     According to another exemplary embodiment, a robust tag is disclosed. The robust tag may include a body section, at least one movable latching member disposed within the body section, at least one attachment structure receivable within the body and selectively engageable to the at least one latching member; and at least one responsive member disposed within the body and in cooperative arrangement with the at least one latching member. Upon the application of a signal to at least one drive position on the body section, the responsive member generates a flexural wave that induces a movement of the at least one latching member, so as to disengage the at least one latching member from the at least one attachment structure. 
     Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description. It is to be understood, however, that the detailed description of the various embodiments and specific examples, while indicating preferred and other embodiments of the present invention, are given by way of illustration and not limitation. Many changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit thereof, and the invention includes all such modifications. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1   a  is a side cutaway view of an exemplary embodiment of a robust tag; 
         FIG. 1   b  is a side cutaway view of an exemplary embodiment of a robust tag engaged with an attachment structure that is received therein; 
         FIG. 1   c  is a plan cutaway view of an exemplary embodiment of a robust tag; 
         FIG. 1   d  is a front cutaway view of an exemplary embodiment of a robust tag; 
         FIG. 1   e  is a front cutaway view of another exemplary embodiment of a robust tag; and 
         FIG. 2  is a side cutaway view of another exemplary embodiment of a robust tag. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Aspects of the invention are disclosed in the following description and related drawings directed to specific embodiments of the invention. Alternate embodiments may be devised without departing from the spirit or the scope of the invention. Additionally, well-known elements of exemplary embodiments of the invention will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the invention. Further, to facilitate an understanding of the description discussion of several terms used herein follows. 
     As used herein, the word “exemplary” means “serving as an example, instance or illustration.” The embodiments described herein are not limiting, but rather are exemplary only. It should be understood that the described embodiment are not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. Moreover, the terms “embodiments of the invention”, “embodiments” or “invention” do not require that all embodiments of the invention include the discussed feature, advantage or mode of operation. 
     According to at least one exemplary embodiment, a locking mechanism for a robust tag including at least one acoustic member is disclosed. The tag may include a housing, at least one latch mechanism, at least one attachment structure, at least one acoustic member, and at least one radio frequency device. The housing may be formed from a plastic material, and may be made by any desired method, for example, by injection molding. Disposed within the housing may be at least one latch mechanism, at least one pin or other attachment structure intended to go through or around an item, at least one acoustic member, and, if desired, at least one radio frequency device. The radio frequency device may perform Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) functions in conjunction with a suitable detection apparatus located at one or more locations in a store. 
     The at least one latch mechanism can be configured to engage with the at least one attachment structure so as to facilitate attachment of the tag to a desired article. The latch mechanism may include a user-operable portion, for example, a tab, a handle, a dial, or any other structure that may be manually operated by the user, and an engagement portion that is configured to engage with a attachment structure. The latch mechanism may have a translational configuration, wherein the engagement portion is moved linearly so as to engage with the attachment structure, or a rotational configuration, wherein a rotational movement of the engagement portion results in engagement with the attachment structure. Alternatively, at least one latch mechanism may be disposed entirely within the tag, and the user-operable portion may be provided on the attachment structure. For example, the attachment structure may be a pin having a head and a stem, the head facilitating insertion, by the user, of the pin into the tag, such that the stem of the pin may engage with latch mechanism. 
     In the disengaged state, the user-operable portion of the at least one latch mechanism can protrude from the housing, be accessible via an aperture in the housing, or be otherwise disposed such that a user can manually operate the at least one latch mechanism or the attachment structure so as to engage the engagement portion of the latch mechanism with the attachment structure while affixing the robust tag to the desired article. Engaging the latch mechanism with the attachment structure may require a translational movement of the latch mechanism towards the attachment structure, for example, pushing the latch mechanism into the housing until the engagement portion engages with the attachment structure, or for example, pushing the attachment structure into the housing until it engages with the engagement portion of the latch mechanism. Alternatively, engaging the latch mechanism with the attachment structure may require a rotational movement of the latch mechanism, for example, rotating a dial so as to engage the engagement portion of the latch mechanism with the attachment structure. 
     The latch mechanism may be disposed fully within the housing, or may otherwise be rendered inaccessible from the exterior of the housing. Alternatively, a rotary latch mechanism may have a one-way rotary or one way linear configuration, so as to allow engaging, but not disengaging the latch mechanism. Thus, the latch mechanism, when in the engaged configuration, may not be manually disengaged from the attachment structure, or otherwise defeated, which in turn can decrease the likelihood of the robust tag being detached from the article to which it is affixed. 
     Turning to  FIGS. 1   a - c , one embodiment of a robust tag  100  is shown. Robust tag  100  can include a body section  102  incorporating a latch beam  104 , and an acoustically responsive member  106  that, when driven at two drive positions with a suitable signal, can generate a flexural wave that applies force to beam  104 . Beam  104  may be secured to body  102  at a first end  110 , such that a second end  112  of beam  104  may be capable of lateral or arcuate movement. First end  110  may be disposed remote from an entry point  114 , while second end  112  may be disposed proximate to the entry point  114 . An attachment structure  116 , or a portion thereof, may be inserted through entry point  114  so as to engage with second end  112  of beam  104 . Second end  112  may include a notch  118 , or any other engagement structure, that can facilitate engagement between attachment structure  116  and beam  104 . 
     In one embodiment, attachment structure  116  may be a pin that has an area of reduced diameter  120  at a point along its length, as shown in  FIG. 1   a . Attachment structure  116  may be made of metal or any other suitable material, and may be inserted through a garment or other article so as to couple the pin to the article. Subsequently, the pin may be inserted into robust tag  100 . As the pin is inserted into robust tag  100 , latch beam  104  may be moved out of its resting position. When a sufficient length of the pin is inserted such that reduced diameter section of the pin is reached, the latch may return to the resting position, with reduced diameter section  120  being disposed within notch  118  of beam  104 , as shown in  FIG. 1   b . Thus, the pin cannot be removed without the second end  112  of latch beam  104  being bent away from attachment structure  116 ; as latch beam is  104  is inaccessible to the user due to body  102  being sealed, beam  104  may be bent away from attachment structure  116  by way of a flexural wave generated in the structure, which may apply force F to beam  104 . To that end, a pair of acoustic or mechanical vibration signals may need to be applied in the correct phase, frequency and amplitude at two drive positions  122  along acoustically responsive member  106 . Force F may move beam  104  out of the resting position, thereby allowing attachment structure  116  to be withdrawn from body  102  of tag  100 . 
       FIG. 1   d  shows further details of the interaction between acoustically responsive member  106  and latch beam  104 . Acoustic or mechanical vibration signals applied in the correct phase, frequency, and amplitude to drive positions  122  may generate a flexural wave  124  in the structure of robust tag  100 . Flexural wave  124  may apply force F to beam  104 , thereby moving beam  104  out of the resting position, thereby allowing attachment structure  116  to be withdrawn from body  102  of tag  100 . 
       FIG. 1   e  shows an additional exemplary embodiment of tag  100 . The embodiment may include a pair of metallic elements  126  mounted proximate to drive positions  122 . The metallic elements may be formed from any ferromagnetic metal, for example, sections of steel foil. Metallic elements  126  may facilitate converting an oscillating magnetic field into local acoustic drive energy for the acoustically responsive member  106 . 
     Turning to  FIG. 2 , another exemplary embodiment of a robust tag  200  is shown. Robust tag  200  may include a body section  202 , a compression element  204  coupled to a spring  208 , an acoustically responsive member  206 , and a pawl  210 . A ratchet  212  may be coupled to a garment or other article, and inserted through an entry point  214  on body  202 . As ratchet  212  is inserted, spring  208  and compression element  204  exert a force F 1  on ratchet  212  so as to bring the teeth of ratchet  212  into engagement with pawl  210 , thereby preventing ratchet  212  to be withdrawn from body  202  of robust tag  200 . In order to withdraw ratchet  212 , a flexural wave generated in the structure may apply force F 2  to compression element  204 , such that F 2 &gt;F 1 , so as to compress spring  208  and allow the teeth of ratchet  212  to be disengaged from pawl  210 . To generate the flexural wave, acoustic or mechanical vibration signals may need to be applied in the correct phase, frequency and amplitude to drive positions along acoustically responsive member  206 . 
     The at least one acoustically responsive member may be disposed within the housing such that it abuts, is coupled to, or is otherwise in cooperative arrangement with the at least one latch mechanism. Additionally, the at least one acoustically responsive member may be configured to be responsive to acoustic energy applied to the acoustically responsive member at a desired frequency or frequencies. In some embodiments, the acoustic energy may be applied at ultrasonic frequencies, that is, at frequencies over 20 kHz. Furthermore, the acoustically responsive member may be configured such that it is responsive to a narrow frequency range. The particular frequency range that the acoustic member is responsive to may be adjusted as desired, for example, during manufacture of the robust tag. In other embodiments, the acoustically responsive member may be configured to respond to electromagnetic energy applied to the acoustically responsive member at desired frequencies. 
     In order to detach the robust tag, for example tag  100  or tag  200 , from the article that the tag is affixed to, the latch mechanism may be disengaged from the attachment structure of the tag. As the latch mechanism is configured to not be manually disengageable from the attachment structure, the disengagement of the latch mechanism and the attachment structure may be accomplished by use of the tag detaching device. 
     The tag detaching device may include a casing, a portion to hold the tag in a relatively fixed position, and a signal generator. The robust tag holding portion may be formed as desired, for example as part of the casing, and may provide a recessed, contoured or otherwise formed surface that facilitates desired placement of the robust tag within the receiving portion. The signal generator may be configured to generate a desired signal, comprising one or more elements at defined frequency, amplitude and phase. Said signal, when coupled from the tag receiving portion into the robust tag, and hence to one or more acoustic member, may generate a flexural traveling wave  124 , which applies a linear or rotational force to the latching mechanism, for example latch beam  104  or compression element  204 . In some embodiments, the signal generator may be configured to generate an acoustic signal at ultrasonic frequencies. For example, the signal generator may include an oscillator and at least one ultrasonic driver, wherein the at least one ultrasonic driver may employ piezoelectric elements to generate, via coupling between the tag receiving portion and the robust tag structure including the at least one acoustically responsive member, an ultrasonic flexural traveling wave. In other embodiments, the signal generator may generate electrical or magnetic signals, which interact with a material proximate to at least one acoustically responsive member, so as to generate the acoustic signal at the desired frequencies to generate the flexural wave. 
     To disengage the latch mechanism, for example latch beam  104  or compression element  204 , from the attachment device, for example pin  116  or ratchet  212 , the robust tag  100 / 200  may be placed into the receiving portion of the tag detaching device. Subsequently, the tag detaching device may be activated, whereupon the signal generator may generate an acoustic signal, at one or more locations, for example drive positions  122 , at the particular frequency, phase and amplitude, or a plurality of same, to which the acoustically responsive member  106 / 206  of the tag  100 / 200  is responsive. If the characteristics and location of the acoustic signal matches those needed, the acoustically responsive member may be driven by the acoustic energy, essentially forming an ultrasonic motor. The acoustically responsive member can thus generate a flexural wave which can apply a linear or rotational force to another member, for example a latching mechanism such as latch beam  104  or compression element  204 . As the acoustic member is in cooperative arrangement with the latch mechanism, the translational or rotational force generated by the flexural wave generated by the acoustically responsive member can result in the movement of the latch mechanism. Accordingly, the latch mechanism may be positioned such that the first position of the latch mechanism corresponds to the latch mechanism being engaged with the attachment structure, while the second position of the latch mechanism corresponds to the latch mechanism being disengaged from the attachment structure. As the latching mechanism is moved from the first position to the second position, the latching mechanism may be disengaged from the attachment structure, thereby allowing the robust tag to be detached from the article to which it is affixed. 
     As an added security measure, to generate the flexural wave by the acoustically responsive member  106 / 206 , the signal generated by the detaching device may need to be applied to at least one specific point on the robust tag. Furthermore, embodiments of the robust tag may include varying configurations of robust tags, which may in turn include, if desired, a plurality of latch mechanisms, a plurality of pins, and a plurality of acoustically responsive members. Thus, in such embodiments, to generate the flexural wave by acoustically responsive member  106 / 206 , the signal generated by the detaching device may need be applied to a plurality of specific points on the robust tag or the acoustically responsive member, thereby decreasing the likelihood of the latch mechanism being disengaged by unauthorized means. 
     The likelihood of unauthorized disengagement of the latch mechanism can also be decreased due to the frequency of the acoustic signal needing to match the frequency to which the acoustically responsive member is responsive in order to drive the acoustically responsive member. The responsive frequencies for the acoustically responsive member may be adjusted as desired, for example during manufacture of the robust tag, while the frequency of the signal emitted by the signal generator may also be adjusted as desired so as to match the frequency to which the acoustic member is responsive. For example, a particular retail location may have detachment devices that operate at a particular frequency, and therefore robust tags having acoustically responsive members that match the particular frequency may be distributed to that particular location. In other embodiments, the frequency of the signal emitted by the signal generator may be adapted to automatically match the frequency to which the acoustic member is responsive. For example, a robust tag may include therein an RFID device which includes information regarding the frequency, phase, amplitude and locations to which the one or more acoustically responsive members of that robust tag are responsive, while the detaching device may include an RFID interrogator. Thus, when a particular tag is placed in the detaching device, the detaching device may interrogate the RFID tag within the robust tag and accordingly adjust the frequency of the emitted signal to match the signal characteristics and locations to which the acoustic member of the robust tag is responsive. 
     Thus, there is described herein an electronic article surveillance system that provides a low-cost robust tag that is difficult to defeat by unauthorized methods. 
     In an alternative embodiment, the product may be detached using an acoustic signal generated by a device such as a computer, mobile phone, tablet computer or other item which combines processing capability and the ability to generate an acoustic signal. The required signal characteristics may be obtained by the user either entering a code on the item, scanning an optical code such as a liner or 2D barcode, or reading an RFID device embedded into the robust tag, said code then being passed to a remote computer system to obtain an unlocking signal characteristic. 
     The foregoing description and accompanying figures illustrate the principles, preferred embodiments and modes of operation of the invention. However, the invention should not be construed as being limited to the particular embodiments discussed above. Additional variations of the embodiments discussed above will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. 
     Therefore, the above-described embodiments should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Accordingly, it should be appreciated that variations to those embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.