Abstract:
A crush resistant seamless roofing system is formed by a layer of adjacent panels having loose joints filled by expanding rising foam adhesive, which is trimmed to remove excess foam adhesive above a top plane of the roofing system. The roofing system thus formed is covered by a fabric layer and a coating. Further, the seamless roofing system is combined with a base layer, located beneath the panels, the base layer comprising bonded panels of a lightweight fireproofing material, resistant to moisture and foot traffic.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 10/601,046 filed Jun. 21, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,036,285, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/022,612 filed Dec. 18, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,581,348, which claims benefit from provisional application Ser. No. 60/298,517 filed Jun. 15, 2001. 

   FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to roofing systems. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   Rigid foam panels for providing a roofing membrane layer are currently available for use as an insulating underlayment in roof construction. Typically these are 4′ by 8′ (1.22 m by 2.44 m) panels 1.5″ (3.8 cm) thick made of a 1.6 pound per cubic foot polyurethane foam with a tar paper top layer. Such a material is not crush resistant enough to be used as a roof surface material and can also be easily punctured. 
   Core panels are common in the art and may be used in conjunction with a roof membrane layer. The functions of core panels include providing a fireproofing layer; providing a thermal barrier; providing a solvent barrier or moisture barrier; and providing an air barrier. One form of core paneling is a fiberglass-faced asphaltic board. Asphaltic boards are known to provide adequate moisture resistance, but may not serve as a fire barrier. 
   A second type of core panel is a semi-rigid rock wool or fiberglass. Boards of this type are permeable to moisture, provide little impact resistance, and do not provide a fire barrier. 
   A third type of core panel known in the art is a plywood, or veneer, sheet. Veneer sheets are combustible, however. Further, plywood sheets lose strength when wet, yet provide adequate strength for foot traffic. 
   A fourth type of core panel is a wood fiberboard, comprising organic fibers bonded with resin. Fiberboard is also combustible and loses strength when wet. Fiberboard provides at least some foot traffic protection, but crumbles when wet. 
   A fifth type of core panel is perlite, comprising a mineral aggregate board with cellulose binders and sizing agents. A perlite core panel may be used as a fire barrier. However, perlite core panels may fall apart when wet and are crushed by foot traffic. 
   A sixth type of core panel is a panel comprising a gypsum core with paper facers on each side. Paper-faced gypsum boards may be used in fire protection and provide moderate resistance to foot traffic. However, the paper facers may delaminate when wet. 
   In addition to the common type of core panels mentioned above, improved core panels exist providing properties specific to use. One example of an improved core panel is the Dens-Deck® Roof Board. This Roof Board comprises a high-density gypsum core and fiberglass mats embedded on both sides. The Roof Board may include a fireproofing layer, which may be as thin as ¼ inch. Such core panels may neither delaminate with moisture nor support mold growth. Furthermore, Roof Boards may support foot traffic and resist hail. 
   More specifically, core panels as described herein serve to support a roofing membrane and may be structurally located beneath a roofing membrane. The roofing membrane may adhere to the Dens-Deck® Roof Board directly. Typically, the edges of the Dens-Deck Roof Board should be butted together. However, for the condition of high gain in surface temperature, slight gaps may be required. 
   Optionally, a separating material may be used between the core panel and the roofing membrane. Further, several methods known in the art may be utilized to bond the separated core panels. One such method is known as “hot-mopping.” A second method of bonding core panels is known as “torching.” Torching may involve the application of a bitumen membrane, such as a “Dibiter APP modified bitumen member,” atop the core panels. The bitumen membrane, or “flashing member,” may then be positioned by the application of a heat-welding technique. 
   OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
   It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a sturdy, weatherproof seamless roofing system that uses rigid foam boards or panels to create a seamless waterproof roof. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The roofing panels of this invention differ from the prior art underlayment product in several respects. The panels of this invention are:
         a) made of a denser polyurethane foam (approximately 3 pounds per cubic foot) and,   b) include an integral top layer of non-woven 250 gram polyester fabric that is saturated by the foam during manufacture by the laminator in a controlled factory environment.       

   The higher density affords more crush resistance, while the well bonded top layer resists punctures and provides a better adhesion surface for elastomeric top coats. 
   The roofing panels are bonded to roof substrate with low rise foam polyurethane adhesive which seeps through loose tongue-in-groove joints to form a blob at the top, which is shaved off and covered with a fabric top layer. 
   After the adhesive cures, a very secure bond between the panels results. 
   The low-rise foam adhesive is a two-part mixture that has distinct phases after mixing. By varying the formulations of the two parts, the “cream time” (i.e.—to achieve the consistency of shaving cream) as well as the “tack free” time can be controlled. 
   The panels are placed on the foam just after cream consistency and well before tack-free time so that the foam rises through the joints. After the adhesive cures to a solid consistency, the blobs are removed from all of the joints. This is typically accomplished by grinding using a disk pad grinder. 
   The roof is finished by applying a layer of waterproof elastomeric coating which covers the entire surface creating a monolithic structure. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The present invention can best be understand in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
       FIG. 1  is a top plan view of a roof section; showing outlines of roofing panels of this invention; 
       FIG. 2  is a top plan view of an embodiment for a tongue-in-groove roofing panel of this invention; 
       FIG. 3  is an edge cross-section detail view of further embodiment for an all-groove panel of this invention with an insertable tongue board; 
       FIG. 4  is an edge cross-section view of yet another embodiment for tongue-in-groove roofing panels of this invention, shown adhesively bonded to a roof substrate; 
       FIG. 5  is an edge cross-section detail view of a still further alternate embodiment of this invention, shown with a ship-lap joint configuration; 
       FIG. 6  is an edge cross-section detail view showing a panel joint of this invention in a finished roof section; 
       FIG. 7  is a high level flow chart of the roofing system method of this invention; 
       FIG. 8  is a roof edge detail view in cross-section, illustrating flashing and interfacing to the roofing system of this invention; 
       FIG. 9  is a perspective cutaway view, detailing the layering of a fireproof roofing system having a corrugated roof deck; 
       FIG. 10  is a side elevational cutaway view thereof, detailing the incorporated layers of a fireproof gypsum layer; 
       FIG. 11  is a perspective view of a rolled conventional multi-ply sheet of bitumen compound material for use with the roofing system according to another fireproof embodiment of the current invention. 
       FIG. 12  is a cross-sectional view of a fireproof roofing system according to an embodiment of the current invention further utilizing the rolled conventional multi-ply sheet of bitumen compound material of  FIG. 11 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   The roofing system of this invention uses rigid foam boards or panels to create a seamless waterproof roof. It can be used over a number of different substrates including metal decking, tar and gravel, or polyurethane foam in new construction as well as re-roofing applications. 
   Rigid foam panels are currently available for use as insulating underlayment in roof construction. Typically these are 4′ by 8′ (1.22 m by 2.44 m) panels 1.5′″ (3.8 cm) thick made of a 1.6 pound per cubic foot polyurethane foam with a tar paper top layer. Such a material is not crush resistant enough to be used as a roof surface material and can also be easily punctured. 
   The roofing panels of this invention differ from this underlayment product in several respects. Although panel size as well as material are similar, the panels of this invention are made of a denser polyurethane foam (approximately 3 pounds per cubic foot) and include an integral top layer of non-woven 250 gram polyester fabric that is saturated by the foam during manufacture by the laminator in a controlled factory environment. The higher density affords more crush resistance, while the well bonded top layer resists punctures and provides a better adhesion surface for elastomeric top coats. 
     FIG. 1  is a top view of a roof  1  section showing the outline of the individual roof panels. The panel seams are staggered by using alternate whole panels A as well as half panels B at the roof edge  2 . This is done to prevent any tendency for propagation of inadvertent seam separations. 
     FIG. 2  shows a top view of a tongue-in groove panel  5 , tongue edges  6  and groove edges  7 . 
   Since a protruding tongue of polyurethane foam could be damaged in transit, an alternate embodiment of a tongue-in groove construction is shown in  FIG. 3 . In this all-groove construction, each polyurethane panel  10  has grooves  11  cut in all four edges. A length of polyurethane plank  12  is then inserted in groove  11  on two edges at the work site. Plank  12  is dimensioned as a press fit in groove  11  and protrudes from the edge to form the tongue after insertion. Planks  12  would be shipped separately in protective packaging to the work site. 
     FIG. 4  is an edge cross-section view of roofing panels  5  bonded to roof substrate  16  with low rise foam polyurethane adhesive  17  which seeps through loose tongue-in-groove joints to form a blob  18  at the top. Factory bonded fabric  15  is a top layer. Typically, the groove  7  is ⅞″ (22 mm) wide while the tongue is ¾″ (19 mm) wide; this affords enough space for the adhesive foam to rise through while affording close line-up of the top surfaces of adjacent boards  5 . After adhesive  17  cures, a very secure bond between panels  5  results. 
     FIG. 5  is a detail of an alternative panel joint. Here panels  20  have a ship-lap edge which is also dimensioned so as to permit rising foam adhesive to flow through the joint. For ship-lap panels  20 , the order in which they are laid into the foam is important. 
   As shown in  FIG. 5 , panel X should be laid down before panel Y so that there would not be a tendency to lift panel Y during the foam rising phase. 
   Foam adhesive is a two-part mixture that has distinct phases after mixing. By varying the formulations of the two parts, the “cream time” (i.e.—to achieve the consistency of shaving cream) as well as the “tack free” time can be controlled. For this invention, a cream time of about 1 minute and a tack-free time of about 4 minutes is ideal. The panels are placed on the foam just after cream consistency and well before tack-free time so that the foam rises through the joints. 
   After the adhesive cures to a solid consistency, the blobs  18  are removed from all of the joints. This is typically accomplished by grinding using a cutter, such as a knife or disk pad grinder. At this stage, the joint is flush with the fabric top surface of the adjacent panels. 
   The roof is finished by applying a layer of waterproof elastomeric coating which covers the entire surface creating a monolithic structure. 
     FIG. 6  is a detailed view of a finished joint between two panels  5  after the blob  18  has been removed and elastomeric coating  25  has been applied. Coating  25  can be an acrylic, urethane or silicone material. It can be sprayed or brushed on. 
   Flow chart  7  is a concise description of the overall installation process. Two people are generally involved as a team. One worker sprays a panel-width line of low rise polyurethane adhesive, while the second worker follows (after the mix is of cream consistency) and lay down panels. As per  FIG. 1 , the first panel at an edge is either a full or half panel to create the staggered seam pattern. Only after the entire roof (or large section) is paneled, are the seep-through joint blobs removed. All debris must be removed carefully before a final seal coat is applied. 
   Penetrations and wall flashings are first sealed with spray foam prior to sealing. 
     FIG. 8  is a detail at a roof edge showing an end panel  5  interfacing with aluminum edging  30  which bridges wall  31 , beam  29  and foam panel  5 . A V-groove  28  is cut from the corner of panel  5  at the juncture of edging  30  to permit an aluminum surface to be bonded and sealed to the fabric  15  top layer by waterproof coating  25 . 
     FIG. 9  is a stepped cutaway view of a further embodiment for a fire resistant roof panel  110  having fireproof panel  140  attached thereto, wherein panel  110  with fireproof layer  140  is attached to roof deck  116  by in-situ applied foam layer  117 , which rises through crevices  111  between adjacent panels  110 .  FIG. 10  is a side elevational crossectional view thereof. 
   For example,  FIGS. 9 and 10  show first a structural deck  116  (corrugated deck members shown as an example). Above the structural deck  116  is in-situ deposited layer  117  of rising foam, which rises as protruding foam intrusions  118  through the crevice gaps  111  between discrete cured foam panels  110 , similar to the rise of foam protrusions  18  from in-situ base foam layer  17  between panels  10  shown in  FIGS.1–6 . 
     FIGS. 9 and 10  also show the protruding foam  118  also going optionally downward in the indentations of the corrugated structural deck  116 . Such would not happen if panel  110  was applied to a roof deck  16  which was entirely flat, as in  FIGS. 4–6 , but would be the case if the rising foam underlayer  117  were applied to a corrugated structural deck  116 . It is anticipated that the fire resistant embodiment shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10  can be applied to either a corrugated roof deck  116  or to a flat roof deck  16 , as in  FIGS. 4–6 . 
   The next layer shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10  is a fireproof gypsum layer  140 , such as manufactured by DENS-DECK®, adhered to the bottom of the upper discrete panels  110 . Above panels  110  is a mesh layer  115 . Not shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10  are the excess globs of risen foam which are shaved off of the tops of rising foam protrusions  118 , as well as the overlay of a waterproof coating outer skin layer  125  above fabric mesh  115 . 
     FIG. 11  shows an optional rolled conventional multi-ply sheet of bitumen compound material  150 , including slate granule covered upper layer  150   a  of a modified bitumen compound, middle polyester reinforcement layer  150  and lower layer  150   c  of a modified bitumen compound. Bitumen sheet  150  could be optionally placed adjacent to the fireproof gypsum layer  140  and/or the discrete foam panel  110 . 
     FIG. 12  is a crossectional cutaway view of another embodiment for a fire resistant roof section, showing the lower in-situ foam layer  117 , with a protruding portion  118  of the foam layer  117  shown having risen vertically up through the recess gap  111 , between adjacent discrete foam panels  110 , having the fireproof gypsum layer  140  attached at a bottom edge thereof. 
   The gypsum layer  140  shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12  may expand or contract under adverse temperature conditions. The risen foam  118  is slightly resilient, so it may squeeze inward slightly, if the gypsum board layer  140  expands under conditions of high gain in surface temperature. 
   It is further noted that other modifications may be made to the present invention, within the scope of the invention, as noted in the appended Claims.