Abstract:
An improved transistor package with superior stability to wave soldering, having a nickel oxide barrier strip formed on the surface of the leads.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention provides a novel package for RF transistors which offers improved stability to wave and vapor phase soldering. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Hybrid RF power, semiconductive devices, or packages, are well-known in the art. Typically such devices or packages include a transistor and an input capacitor mounted upon appropriately metallized surfaces of a beryllia substrate including a lead frame arrangement bonded to the metallized areas which includes input, output and ground portions or members. Appropriate wire bonds extend from the active portions of the transistor and capacitor to the various lead portions as is well understood. Such hybrid devices, or packages, may be characterized as having an input circuit and output circuit and a common circuit which includes common lead inductance. 
     The beryllia substrate is electrically insulating but thermally conducting and is usually mounted upon a relatively massive metallic heat sink. Appropriate ground connections may be made to the grounded heat sink. Further, the input and output circuits usually comprise microstrip conductor means which include a metallic strip mounted on an insulating substrate whose impedance are matched to those of the input and output circuits of the transistor. In addition, the microstrip circuit devices may also be grounded to the metallic heat sink, for example, by wrap around metallizations. 
     The RF transistor packages have protective caps sealed over the active silicon device with epoxy. Automated package assembly techniques, such as wave soldering and vapor phase soldering, employ temperatures and conditions which often cause breakdown of the epoxy and leakage of the solder into the active region of the device. In addition, when soldering onto a gold lead, the solder and solder flux may leach and travel along the gold underneath the epoxy. Equipment manufacturers must therefore rely on hand soldering of devices into boards after automatically inserting and soldering all other components. 
     There remains a need, then, for an improved package which will permit total automation of the assembly process. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An RF transistor package is provided, exhibiting superior stability to wave and vapor phase soldering. The improved device has a barrier of nickel oxide in proximity to, and encircling, the active region, thereby preventing solder from penetrating the epoxy/cap interface. This barrier is formed by placing a photoresist material over nickel or nickel-plated leads prior to gold plating. A narrow ring or annulus of nickel without gold plating then surrounds the active area. This unplated region is oxidized during assembly of the package, creating the nickel oxide barrier, and a cap sealed to the ring area with epoxy. The nickel oxide barrier resists migration of solder, thereby maintaining the integrity of the package. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a top view of a typical package of this invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a side view of the package of FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the cap-to-lead junction shown in FIG.  2 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In FIG. 1, a package of this invention without its cap is viewed from above. Copper flange  10  and gold-plated leads  12  perform usual mounting and connecting functions. The active region  14  contains transistor and capacitor dies  16  and  18  respectively, joined to each other, and the leads  12  with suitable connectors  19 , usually gold wire. Nickel oxide barrier strips  20  on the leads are shown as forming segments of a ring surrounding the active area. The unshaded regions  22  of the ring are beryllia which will be covered with epoxy prior to attachment of the cap. 
     In FIG. 2, a representative package of the invention is shown from the side in outline form. Copper flange  10  acts as a mounting frame as well as a heat sink for the assembled device. Any thermally and electrically conductive material suitable for use as a base member may be substituted for the copper. The beryllium oxide pill support for the lead frame  12  and active area  14 , including transistor die  16 , capacitor die  18 , and gold wire connectors  19 . The pill is generally a thermally conducting, electrically insulating support with its lower surface coupled to the base member and the upper surface having a thin conductive coating. 
     The lead frame  12  is usually machined from kovar (iron/cobalt) or alloy  42  (nickel/iron). The base metal is then coated with a layer of nickel followed with a layer of gold. Typically, the plating layers are from about 130 to about 300 microinches thick. These gold plated leads are mounted on the pill and electrically connected to the transistor die  16 , optionally to additional electronic devices, such as capacitors, which are also mounted on the pill. A ceramic cap  24  covers the active area  14 . The ceramic cap is bonded to the pill and leads as shown in region  26  of FIG.  2 . An epoxy preform  28  is sited on top of the nickel oxide strip  20 . The nickel oxide strip is present on each lead and serves as a barrier to the migration of solder under the cap during wave soldering. 
     Referring now to FIG. 3, which is an exploded view of region  26  of FIG. 2, the ceramic cap  24  is mounted on the epoxy preform  28 . The epoxy preform is in turn mounted on the nickel oxide strip  20  of gold-plated lead  12 . 
     In this invention the gold-plated leads are not completely coated with gold, but have a narrow unplated region near the end proximate to the chip. The unplated region is made by masking the base metal lead during coating so that a narrow strip of nickel is left uncoated. This exposed strip is of sufficient width to accommodate the leading edges of the cap. During the mounting of the chip to the pill the exposed nickel of the leads is rapidly oxidized. Subsequently, the cap is epoxied over the nickel oxide strips. 
     In forming the leads of this invention, it is only necessary to prevent the gold plating from covering a region of the leads sufficiently wide to afford some barrier. This may be achieved via negative resist with a clear field mask or positive resist with a dark field mask. Preferably, the gold plating is conducted on leads which have already been brazed to a pill by conventional methods. 
     While several embodiments of the invention have been described in detail herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, further modifications of the invention will be obvious to one skilled in the art of package design. These further modifications and their equivalents are understood to be encompassed within the scope of the following claims.