Abstract:
The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for remotely adjusting the drill bit hydraulic horse power per square inch (HSI). Varying the nozzle geometry remotely without the need to pull the drill string outside the hole has obvious advantage. Changing the nozzle flow geometry results in changing the nozzle HSI, which is beneficial to optimize drilling a well having different rock formations. The drill bit nozzle geometry of the present invention can be varied by causing a change of at least one physical property of the environment. The variable geometry nozzle is not limited to drill bit, it can be placed within the inner flow passage or between the inner flow passage and annular flow passage for controlling flow profile within a wellbore, a tubular string or a flow conduit.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The present application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/846,946, filed Mar. 18, 2013, for APPARATUS AND METHOD TO REMOTELY CONTROL FLUID FLOW IN TUBULAR STRINGS AND WELLBORE ANNULUS, by Ahmed M. Tahoun, Raed I. Kafafy, Karam J. Jawamir, Mohamed A. Aldheeb, Abdul M. Khalil, included by reference herein and for which benefit of the priority date is hereby claimed. 
         [0002]    The present application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/861,255, filed Apr. 11, 2013, for APPARATUS AND METHOD TO REMOTELY CONTROL FLUID FLOW IN TUBULAR STRINGS AND WELLBORE ANNULUS, by Ahmed M. Tahoun, Raed I. Kafafy, Karam J. Jawamir, Mohamed A. Aldheeb, and Abdul M. Khalil, included by reference herein and for which benefit of the priority date is hereby claimed. 
         [0003]    The present application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/648,575, filed May 17, 2012, for METHOD AND APPARATUS TO REMOTELY CHANGE THE AREA OF DRILL BIT NOZZLES AND DRILL STRING FLOW RESTRICTORS, by Ahmed M. Tahoun, Raed I. Kafafy, Karam J. Jawamir, Mohamed A. Aldheeb, included by reference herein and for which benefit of the priority date is hereby claimed. 
         [0004]    The present application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/622,572, filed Apr. 11, 2012, for METHOD AND APPARATUS OF CONTROL DRILLING FLUID LOSSES AND IMPROVED HOLE CLEANING IN OIL &amp; GAS SUBTERRANEAN DRILLING OPERATIONS, by Ahmed M. Tahoun, Raed I. Kafafy, Karam J. Jawamir, Mohamed A. Aldheeb, included by reference herein and for which benefit of the priority date is hereby claimed. 
         [0005]    The present application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/710,823, filed Oct. 19, 2012, for METHOD AND APPARATUS TO HARVEST ENERGY INSIDE WELLBORE FROM CHANGE OF FLUID FLOW RATE, by Ahmed M. Tahoun, Raed I. Kafafy, Karam J. Jawamir, Mohamed A. Aldheeb, included by reference herein and for which benefit of the priority date is hereby claimed. 
         [0006]    The present application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/710,887, filed Oct. 8, 2012, for METHOD AND APPARATUS TO CONTROL THE MUD FLOW IN DRILL STRINGS AND WELLBORE ANNULUS, by Ahmed M. Tahoun, Raed I. Kafafy, Karam J. Jawamir, Mohamed A. Aldheeb, included by reference herein and for which benefit of the priority date is hereby claimed. 
         [0007]    The present application is related to U.S. Pat. No. 6,227,316B1, issued Oct. 3, 1999, for JET WITH VARIABLE ORIFICE NOZZLE, by Bruce A. Rohde, included by reference herein. 
         [0008]    The present application is related to U.S. Pat. No. 3,120,284, issued Aug. 17, 1959, for JET NOZZLE FOR DRILL BIT, by J. S. Goodwin, included by reference herein. 
         [0009]    The present application is related to U.S. Pat. No. 3,137,354, issued Jan. 11, 1960, for DRILL BIT NOZZLES, by A. W. Crawfort et al., included by reference herein. 
         [0010]    The present application is related to U.S. Pat. No. 4,533,005, issued Nov. 21, 1983, for ADJUSTABLE NOZZLE, by Wilford V. Morris, included by reference herein. 
         [0011]    The present application is related to United States patent number US20100147594, issued Nov. 8, 2007, for REVERSE NOZZLE DRILL BIT, by Sadek Ben Lamin, included by reference herein. 
         [0012]    The present application is related to United States patent number US20090020334, issued Jul. 16, 2008, for NOZZLES INCLUDING SECONDARY PASSAGE, DRILL ASSEMBLIES INCLUDING SAME AND ASSOCIATED METHOD, by David Gavia, included by reference herein. 
         [0013]    The present application is related to United States patent number US20110000716, issued Dec. 15, 2009, for DRILL BIT WITH A FLOW INTERRUPTER, by Laurier E. Comeau, included by reference herein. 
         [0014]    The present application is related to U.S. Pat. No. 8,342,266, issued Mar. 15, 2011, for TIMED STEERING NOZZLE ON A DOWNHOLE DRILL BIT, by David R. Hall, included by reference herein. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0015]    oil and gas drilling and completion 
         [0016]    pipeline flow conduit 
         [0017]    downhole drilling device and method 
         [0018]    remotely changing the geometry of drill bit nozzle flow profile 
         [0019]    control of fluid flow within a tubular string 
         [0020]    control of fluid flow between a tubular string inner flow passage and its annular flow passage 
         [0021]    selectively and remotely sending a command to an apparatus disposed within wellbore 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0022]    The concept of forming subterranean well is referred to; a drill string is typically used to drill a wellbore of a first depth into the formation. 
         [0023]    While drilling, a drilling fluid (or mud fluid) is circulated down through the tubular string, then through perforation in a drill bit which is located at the end of the drill string. Then, the drilling fluid continues the circulation up through the annular flow passage between the outer perimeter of the tubular string and inner wall of the well. 
         [0024]    The mud jets from the bit nozzles are normally directed toward the hole bottom and formation being drilled, with the velocities mostly of several hundred feet per second to create turbulence which serves to clean the bit, as well as carry away the cut chips. The drill bit nozzles are flow-restrictors which determine the total area of the drill bit outlet, and therefore the terminal velocity of the mud jet. 
         [0025]    The majority of drilling systems used in current days include heavy tubular with bigger outer diameter above the drill bit among other equipment such as motors or logging while drilling equipment or directional drilling control systems, or any combination thereof that is frequently called Bottom Hole Assembly or BHA. Above BHA normally extend smaller drill pipes connecting the BHA to surface. 
         [0026]    When drilling in Earth formations going through earth layers having variations in mechanical properties, the drill bit nozzle hydraulic horse power per square inch (HSI) can be too high for some formation layers which gets over drilled or too low which results in less efficient cuttings removal. 
         [0027]    Conventionally, the drill bit nozzle lowered in the wellbore has a fixed flow geometry and total flow area (TFA) and it is not possible to change the nozzle geometry without pulling the tubular string out of the wellbore. 
         [0028]    In another aspect, flow restrictors exist in other components of the tubular string used for drilling or in fluid conduits which are used in the oil and gas industry or other industries. 
         [0029]    In many situations, the ability to change the geometry of such flow restrictors remotely is desirable. For example, it is desirable to change the geometry of the flow restrictor which is used within the mud motor of a tubular string during drilling without pulling the tubular string out of hole. 
         [0030]    From Bernoulli&#39;s equation for incompressible flow, we can express the fluid properties at drill bit nozzle exit in terms of the fluid properties inside the drill bit cavity as 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 P 
                 2 
               
               + 
               
                 
                   1 
                   2 
                 
                  
                 ρ 
                  
                 
                     
                 
                  
                 
                   V 
                   2 
                   2 
                 
               
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   P 
                   1 
                 
                 + 
                 
                   
                     1 
                     2 
                   
                    
                   ρ 
                    
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   
                     V 
                     1 
                     2 
                   
                 
               
               ≈ 
               
                 P 
                 1 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0031]    where P 1  and V 1  are the pressure and velocity inside the drill bit cavity, respectively; and P 2  and V 2  are the pressure and velocity at the nozzle exit, respectively. Neglecting the velocity of the flow inside the drill bit cavity with respect to the velocity of the jet at the nozzle exit, we can solve for the nozzle terminal velocity, V n , in terms of the pressure drop across the drill bit, ΔP bit , as 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               V 
               n 
             
             = 
             
               
                 2 
                  
                 
                   
                     Δ 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     
                       P 
                       bit 
                     
                   
                   ρ 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0032]    It has been shown, in the field, that velocity predicted by the above equation is off. So, it has been modified using discharge coefficient, C d , to give 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               V 
               n 
             
             = 
             
               
                 C 
                 d 
               
                
               
                 
                   2 
                    
                   
                     
                       Δ 
                        
                       
                           
                       
                        
                       
                         P 
                         bit 
                       
                     
                     ρ 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0033]    For typical drill bit nozzles, the recommended value for C d  is 0.95. However, several studies have shown, experimentally, that the value of C d  must be increased up to 1.03. 
         [0034]    If n nozzles are used in a drill bit, then the jet velocity of all nozzles will be equal, which is given as 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               V 
               n 
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   Q 
                   1 
                 
                 
                   A 
                   1 
                 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     Q 
                     2 
                   
                   
                     A 
                     2 
                   
                 
                 = 
                 … 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0035]    Where Q i  and A i  are the flow rate and outlet orifice area of nozzle (i), respectively. The total flow rate through the whole drill bit can be calculated as 
         [0000]        Q=Q   1   +Q   2   +Q   3   + . . . =V   n ( A   1   +A   2   +A   3 + . . . )= V   n ×TFA
 
         [0036]    The jet hydraulic horse power (HHP) can be calculated from the total flow rate and the pressure drop across the bit as 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             HHP 
             = 
             
               
                 Q 
                 × 
                 Δ 
                  
                 
                     
                 
                  
                 
                   P 
                   bit 
                 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   
                     2 
                      
                     ρ 
                   
                   
                     C 
                     d 
                     2 
                   
                 
                  
                 
                   
                     Q 
                     3 
                   
                   
                     
                       ( 
                       TFA 
                       ) 
                     
                     2 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0037]    The jet hydraulic horse power per square inch (HSI) is the jet hydraulic horse power per drill bit area, or 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             HSI 
             = 
             
               
                 HHP 
                 
                   A 
                   bit 
                 
               
               = 
               
                 
                   4 
                    
                   
                     HHP 
                     
                       π 
                        
                       
                           
                       
                        
                       
                         D 
                         bit 
                         2 
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 = 
                 
                   
                     
                       8 
                        
                       ρ 
                     
                     
                       π 
                        
                       
                           
                       
                        
                       
                         C 
                         d 
                         2 
                       
                        
                       
                         D 
                         bit 
                         2 
                       
                     
                   
                    
                   
                     
                       Q 
                       3 
                     
                     
                       
                         ( 
                         TFA 
                         ) 
                       
                       2 
                     
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0038]    The equation above shows clearly that in order to change the hydraulic horse power per square inch of a drill bit, we can either: (1) change the flow rate, or Q, through the drill bit; or (2) change the total flow area, or TFA, of the drill bit nozzles. 
         [0039]    One way to change the drill bit nozzle HSI is to change the mud flow rate through the whole drilling string, i.e. change the mud circulation flow rate from the optimal flow rate. This may result in undesired annular flow velocity which causes deterioration in the hole cleaning efficiency through increase of suspended solids or cuttings within the wellbore or causing a washout when formation or other undesirable acts. 
         [0040]    Another way to change the drill bit nozzle TFA is to pull the tubular string out of the wellbore and replace the drill bit nozzle with another giving the desired TFA. For example, adjustable geometry nozzle disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,533,005 requires the operator to pull the string out of the wellbore. Pulling out the tubular string from the wellbore to replace the nozzle with another of the desired TFA costs the operator significant time and money and increases the drilling risks. 
         [0041]    In addition, drill bit nozzles are made of fixed size; therefore drill bit manufacturers provide different drill bit designs with alternative number of nozzles and sizes. A typical nozzle (shown in  FIG. 3-A ) is inserted into an aperture, and is held in place by any one of several means, such as a snap ring, screw threads, or a nail lock. The final outlet internal diameter of the nozzle is measured in increments of 1/32 of an inch. To adjust the flow, the nozzle has to be replaced with another nozzle which has a different outlet inner diameter. The size of nozzle needed cannot be determined in advance due to the many factors affecting the nozzle size. Therefore, drill bits are commonly shipped off-shore with several nozzles with different sizes for each aperture. At the drilling site, the correct-size nozzle is installed whereas unused nozzles are normally discarded or lost which increases the cost and time of drilling. 
         [0042]    One aspect of the current invention is to introduce methods and apparatus to remotely change the geometry of a drill bit nozzle which allows adjusting the HSI of the drill bit nozzle while maintaining the mud flow rate at optimum. 
         [0043]    Another aspect of the present invention is to introduce an apparatus and method for remotely and selectively changing the flow profile within the tubular string or between the tubular string inner flow passage and annular flow passage. 
         [0044]    Maintenance of annular velocity and the introduction of adjustable TFA drill bit nozzles using the current invention will reduce the operating cost and the risks associated with suspended solids or cuttings as well as the risks associated with possible formation collapse. 
         [0045]    In a more recent disclosed invention, the U.S. Pat. No. 6,227,316, a jet bit nozzle with variable outlet orifice is proposed (shown in  FIG. 3-B ). This design allows the same nozzle to deliver the mud at variable pressures. This is accomplished by the use of two thick plates, each having a shaped aperture therein. The degree to which the two apertures are overlapped determines the size of the outlet orifice. The movement of at least one of the plates, and thus the size of the outlet orifice, can be adjusted at the drill site, to give a desired pressure drop across the nozzle. However, adjusting size of the nozzle outlet orifice must be done before inserting the tubular string into the wellbore and changing the nozzle outlet orifice requires pulling the tubular string out of hole which involves time and cost. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0046]    In one example, disclosed is a nozzle adapted for use in a rotary drill bit for drilling Earth borehole based on changing the environment in the borehole, the nozzle including: a body configured to be secured within the rotary drill bit, at least one fluid passage of variable geometry through the said body for connecting a fluid through the said body, an outlet orifice disposed within the said body, in fluid communication with the at least one fluid passage and the borehole, a means for changing the geometry of the at least one fluid passage having at least one movable element, in fluid communication with the fluid passage and the outlet orifice, the said at least one movable element is movable from an initial position to at least one other predetermined position in response to intended changes in the borehole environment. 
         [0047]    In one example, the said at least one moveable element is movable from an initial position to another predetermined position under normal fluid circulation (from the drill bit to the borehole), and the said at least one moveable element is movable from an initial position to a different predetermined position under reverse fluid circulation (from the borehole to the drill bit). 
         [0048]    In one example, the said at least one moveable element is rotatable to a plurality of predetermined positions. 
         [0049]    In one example, disclosed is an apparatus for remotely changing flow profile in conduit and rotary drill bit based on changing the environment in the borehole, the apparatus including: (a) a nozzle adapted for use in a rotary drill bit for drilling Earth borehole, the nozzle including: a body configured to be secured within the rotary drill bit, at least one fluid passage of variable geometry through the said body for connecting a fluid through the said body, an outlet orifice disposed within the said body, in fluid communication with the at least one fluid passage and the borehole, a means for changing the geometry of the at least one fluid passage having at least one movable element, in fluid communication with the fluid passage and the outlet orifice, the said at least one movable element is movable from an initial position to at least one other predetermined position in response to intended changes in the borehole environment; (b) at least one means for detecting a plurality of intended changes in at least one physical property of the borehole environment resulting in a detectable signal within the apparatus for processing the signal; (c) a means for actuating the means for changing the geometry of the at least one fluid passage; (d) a means for powering the means for actuating the at least movable element. 
         [0050]    In one example, the at least one detecting means comprises a sensor. 
         [0051]    In one example, the actuating means comprises an electric motor. 
         [0052]    In one example, the actuating means comprises a movable rack, the rack mechanically engaged with the at least one movable element. 
         [0053]    In one example, the powering means comprises an energy harvester. 
         [0054]    In one example, the energy harvester is set to receive hydraulic energy from fluid flow in the tubular string and is configured to provide electrical energy to the means for actuating. 
         [0055]    In one example, the energy harvester is set to receive hydraulic energy from a fluid pressure difference between the inner fluid passage and the wellbore fluid. 
         [0056]    In one example, the energy harvester is set to receive thermal energy from a temperature difference between two points within the drill bit and is configured to provide electrical energy to the means for actuating. 
         [0057]    In one example, the powering means comprises an energized resilient element. 
         [0058]    In one example, the powering means comprises a battery. 
         [0059]    In one set of examples, disclosed is a method for drilling Earth borehole based on changing the environment in the borehole, the method including: (a) disposing in a wellbore a drill bit attached to a tubular string, the drill bit including an apparatus, the apparatus comprising: a nozzle adapted for use in a rotary drill bit for drilling Earth borehole, the nozzle comprising: a body configured to be secured within the rotary drill bit, at least one fluid passage of variable geometry through the said body for connecting a fluid through the said body, an outlet orifice disposed within the said body, in fluid communication with the at least one fluid passage and the borehole, a means for changing the geometry of the at least one fluid passage having at least one movable element, in fluid communication with the fluid passage and the outlet orifice, the said at least one movable element is movable from an initial position to at least one other predetermined position in response to intended changes in the borehole environment; at least one means for detecting a plurality of intended changes in at least one physical property of the borehole environment resulting in a detectable signal within the apparatus for processing the signal; a means for actuating the means for changing the geometry of the at least one fluid passage; a means for powering the means for actuating the at least movable element. (b) causing a change in at least one physical property within the borehole environment in certain sequence within a specified period of time resulting in a detectable pattern at the at least one detecting means. (c) causing the actuating means to use the energy provided by the powering means to change the geometry of the at least one fluid passage within the nozzle. 
         [0060]    In one example, the change in a physical property of the environment is a mechanical movement of the apparatus by means of moving the tubular string, causing the apparatus to move within the wellbore in at least one direction detectable by the said detecting means. 
         [0061]    In one example, the change of physical property includes a change in one or more of the following fluid properties: pressure, temperature, flow rate, density, viscosity, color, and composition, detectable by the said detecting means. 
         [0062]    In one example, the change in a physical property includes a change in one or more of the following physical properties: electromagnetic, electrostatic, and seismic, detectable by the said detecting means. 
         [0063]    In one example, changing the geometry of the at least one fluid passage includes reducing the area of the nozzle outlet orifice to increase the velocity of the nozzle jet. 
         [0064]    In one example, changing the geometry of the at least one fluid passage includes increasing the area of the nozzle outlet orifice to decrease the velocity of the nozzle jet. 
         [0065]    In one example, the change of physical property includes a change in the direction of flow circulation. 
         [0066]    In one example, changing the geometry of the at least one fluid passage includes moving the said at least one movable element from a first position to a second position when the flow is circulated in one direction and moving the said at least one movable element from the second position to the first position when the flow is circulated in the opposite direction. 
         [0067]    In one example, the apparatus further includes a cam and a latch to hold the said at least one movable element in a position resulting in the desired change of the geometry of the at least one fluid passage and allowing the flow circulation to be changed. 
         [0068]    In one example, the actuating means includes an actuator selected from at least one of a rack-type actuator, an electric motor, a solenoid, and a cam-type actuator. 
         [0069]    In one example, the rack-type actuator includes at least one rack, and actuating the means for changing the geometry of the at least one fluid passage includes moving the rack between a first position and a second position. 
         [0070]    In one example, the powering means includes a power source selected from at least one of a hydraulic power, an energized resilient element, a battery, a super capacitor, and an energy harvester. 
         [0071]    In one example, the energy harvester is selected from at least one of an electromagnetic induction harvester, a piezoelectric harvester, and a thermoelectric harvester. 
         [0072]    In one example, the hydraulic power includes creating a net pressure force on the surfaces of the said movable element exposed to the fluid passing through the said nozzle. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0073]    A complete understanding of the present invention may be obtained by reference to the accompanying drawings, when considered in conjunction with the subsequent, detailed description, in which: 
           [0074]      FIG. 1  is a section view of a possible embodiment of a wellbore drilling system wherein a drill bit is disposed at the bottom of the drilling tubular string; 
           [0075]      FIG. 2  is a bottom view of an example of drill bit comprises at least one nozzle port; 
           [0076]      FIG. 3  is a section view of a drill bit of prior arts having a fixed nozzle in  FIG. 3(   a ) and adjustable nozzle in  FIG. 3(   b ); 
           [0077]      FIG. 4  is a detailed section view of an example set of possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle showing movable a element in different positions; 
           [0078]      FIG. 5  is a detailed section view of an example set of other possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle showing a movable element in different positions; 
           [0079]      FIG. 6  is a detailed section view of an example set of other possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle showing a movable element in different positions; 
           [0080]      FIG. 7  is a detailed section view of an example set of possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle showing a movable element having different shapes of movable element geometry outlet orifice in different positions; 
           [0081]      FIG. 8  is a detail view of a possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle having one movable geometry element in different positions; 
           [0082]      FIG. 9  is a detail view of a possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle having two movable geometry elements in different positions; 
           [0083]      FIG. 10  is a detail view of a possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle having three movable geometry elements in different positions; 
           [0084]      FIG. 11  is a detailed section view of an example set of other possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle showing movable element in different positions; 
           [0085]      FIG. 12  is a partial cut out view of an example set of other possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle showing movable element in different positions; 
           [0086]      FIG. 13  is a detailed section view of an example of a possible configuration of variable geometry nozzle showing movable element in different positions disposed within the nozzle body; 
           [0087]      FIG. 14  is a section view of an example of variable geometry nozzle showing movable element in different positions under the effect of change of fluid flow direction; 
           [0088]      FIG. 15  is a section view of an example of variable geometry nozzle using cam to change passage geometry through cycling movement; 
           [0089]      FIG. 16  is a detail view of a possible disposition of variable geometry nozzle in a drilling bit or drilling tubular conduit; and 
           [0090]      FIG. 17  is a diagram describing the steps of the method of remotely controlling the variable geometry nozzle. 
       
    
    
       [0091]    For purposes of clarity and brevity, like elements and components will bear the same designations and numbering throughout the Figures. 
       DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0092]    U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/710,887, filed Oct. 8, 2012 for METHOD AND APPARATUS TO CONTROL THE MUD FLOW IN DRILL STRINGS AND WELLBORE ANNULUS, by Ahmed TAHOUN, Raed Kafafy, Karam Jawamir, Mohamed Aldheeb, Abdul Mushawwir Mohamad Khalil is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
         [0093]    U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/622,572, filed Apr. 11, 2012 for METHOD AND APPARATUS OF CONTROL DRILLING FLUID LOSSES AND IMPROVED HOLE CLEANING IN OIL &amp; GAS SUBTERRANEAN DRILLING OPERATIONS, by Ahmed Moustafa Tahoun is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
         [0094]    U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/710,823, filed Oct. 8, 2012 for METHOD AND APPARATUS TO HARVEST ENERGY INSIDE WELLBORE 100 FROM CHANGE OF FLUID FLOW RATE, by Ahmed M. Tahoun, Raed I. Kafafy, Karam Jawamir, Mohamed A. Aldheeb, Abdul M. Khalil is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
         [0095]    U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/648,575, filed May 17, 2012 for Method and Apparatus to remotely change the area of drill bit  120  nozzles and drill string flow restrictors, by Ahmed M. Tahoun, Raed I. Kafafy, Karam Jawamir, Mohamed A. Aldheeb is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
         [0096]    U.S. application Ser. No. 13/846,946, filed Mar. 18, 2013 for Apparatus and method to remotely control fluid flow in tubular strings and wellbore annulus, by Ahmed M. Tahoun, Raed I. Kafafy, Karam Jawamir, Mohamed A. Aldheeb, Abdul M. Khalil is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
         [0097]    U.S. application Ser. No. 13/861,255, filed Apr. 11, 2013 for Apparatus and method to remotely control fluid flow in tubular strings and wellbore annulus, by Ahmed M. Tahoun, Raed I. Kafafy, Karam Jawamir, Mohamed A. Aldheeb, Abdul M. Khalil is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
         [0098]      FIG. 1  is a section view of an example of a wellbore  100  drilling system wherein a plurality of the variable geometry nozzle  150  is disposed within drilling tubular string  110  during well forming operation. Majority of drilling systems used in current days include a tubular string  110  composed of a drill bit  120  having at least one perforation  125  located through the drill bit  120  to allow fluid flow there through. A heavy tubular with bigger outer diameter among other equipment such as mud motors or logging while drilling equipment or directional drilling control systems, or any combination thereof that is frequently called bottom hole assembly  130  connected to the drill bit  120  from one end. Bottom hole assembly  130  is normally connected by form of thread from the other end to a part of the tubular string  110  such as drill pipe  140  connecting the bottom hole assembly  130  to surface. The drill pipe  140  outer diameter is commonly known to be smaller when compared to the bottom hole assembly  130 . Plurality of variable geometry nozzle  150  disposed within the wellbore  100  are connected to a portion of the tubular string  110  by a suitable means normally a form of thread. The wellbore  100  formed into the earth may have a deviated section where the wellbore  100  is not vertical. A cased hole section is the portion of the wellbore  100  having a tubular of large diameter called casing lining the inner side of the wellbore  100  to protect wellbore  100  from damage. While drilling a deeper section into earth formations an open hole section of the wellbore  100  is formed. A surface mud pump system  190  is disposed with most drilling operations and includes a drilling fluid tank to store drilling fluid and a pump  192  to force fluid into the inner flow passage  152  defined as the inner space within the tubular string  110 . Cuttings generated from hole making are carried out through the annular flow passage  154 . An annular flow passage  154  is defined as the space between the inner wall of the wellbore  100  and the outer wall of the tubular string  110 . in this figure at least one variable geometry nozzle  150  is disposed inside perforation  125  or opening within the drill bit  120 . 
         [0099]      FIG. 2  is a bottom view of a typical drill bit  120  used in today&#39;s drilling activity. Drill bit  120  comprises a drill bit body  122 , one or more bit cutter  835  disposed on bit outer surface and attached to at least one bit blade  840  suitably arranged to perform the cutting action when interact with earth formation during drilling operation. One or more perforation  125  is disposed on the bit body  200  in communication between the inner flow passage  152  and the annular flow passage  154 . A flow restrictor, commonly known as bit nozzle is normally disposed within the bit perforation  125 . In one example at least one variable geometry nozzle  150  is disposed in bit perforation  125 . 
         [0100]      FIG. 3-A  is a section view of a drill bit  120  of prior art with conventional nozzle  135  disposed in one perforation  125  within the drill bit body  122  connecting inner flow passage  152  to the annular flow passage  154 . The conventional nozzle  135  has fixed geometry and can be replaced only when brought out to surface. 
         [0101]      FIG. 3-B  is a section view of a drill bit  120  of prior art with adjustable nozzle  145  disposed in one perforation  125  within the drill bit body  122  connecting inner flow passage  152  to the annular flow passage  154 . The adjustable nozzle  145  has adjustable geometry which can be changed only when brought out to surface. 
         [0102]      FIG. 4  is a detailed section view of an example set of possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle  150  showing a movable element  400  in different positions. 
         [0103]    FIG.  4 -A- 1  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  comprising a body  200  having an inlet port  424  and an outlet orifice  425 , a fluid passage  152  extending through the body  200 , a movable element  400  disposed within the body  200  in one position where the flow geometry  440  is the geometry of the inner flow passage  152  at the area where the movable element  400  intersect with the inner flow passage  152 . The flow geometry  440  is of a specific geometry when the movable element  400  is in one position and the flow geometry  440  is of a different geometry when the movable element is in a different position. The portion of the inner flow passage  152  between the movable element  400  and the outlet orifice  425  defines a downstream passage  800 . The downstream passage  800  is the portion of the inner flow passage  152  within the variable geometry nozzle  150  where the movable element  400  interacts with inner flow passage  152  causing a change in the flow geometry  440  and causing the variable geometry nozzle  150  to have specific flow geometry  440  corresponding to the position of the movable element  400 . 
         [0104]    FIG.  4 -A- 2  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  explained in the description of FIG.  4 -A- 1  where the movable element  400  is in a different position interacting with the inner flow passage  152  causing a change of the flow geometry  440  when compared to the flow geometry  440  of FIG.  4 -A- 1 . 
         [0105]    FIG.  4 -B- 1  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  similar to the one described in FIG.  4 -A- 1 . In this example a resilient element  405  is attached to the movable element  400  causing it to be biased in specific direction. The resilient element  405  further restrain the movement of the movable element  400  such that a greater force is required to move the movable element  400  to overcome the force induced by the resilient element  405   
         [0106]    FIG.  4 -B- 2  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  explained in the description of FIG.  4 -B- 1  where the movable element  400  is in a different position interacting with the inner flow passage  152  causing a change of the flow geometry  440  when compared to the flow geometry  440  of FIG.  4 -B- 1 . 
         [0107]    FIG.  4 -C- 1  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  similar to the one described in FIG.  4 -A- 1 . In this example a cam  420  similar to those explained in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 13/846,946 and 13/861,255 is attached to the movable element  400 . A cam follower  415  disposed within the body  200  traverse the cam track  410  disposed on the cam  420  surface to control the movement of the movable element  400  and restrain the movable element movement to specific displacement and in specific direction. 
         [0108]    FIG.  4 -C- 2  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  explained in the description of FIG.  4 -C- 1  where the movable element  400  is in a different position interacting with the inner flow passage  152  causing a change of the flow geometry  440  when compared to the flow geometry  440  of FIG.  4 -C- 1 . 
         [0109]    FIG.  4 -D- 1  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  similar to the one described in FIG.  4 -A- 1 . In this example the variable geometry nozzle  150  further comprising a resilient element  405  similar to the one described in FIG.  4 -B- 1  attached to the movable element  400  and a cam  420  similar to the one described in FIG.  4 -C- 1  and attached to the movable element  400 . A cam follower  415  disposed within the body  200  and a cam track  410  disposed on the cam  420  surface to restrain and control the movement of the movable element  400  to specific displacement and in specific direction. 
         [0110]    FIG.  4 -D- 2  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  explained in the description of FIG.  4 -D- 1  where the movable element  400  is in a different position interacting with the inner flow passage  152  causing a change of the flow geometry  440  when compared to the flow geometry  440  of FIG.  4 -D- 1 . 
         [0111]      FIG. 5  is a detailed section view of an example set of possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle  150  showing a movable element  400  in different positions. In this set of examples a communication duct  430  is disposed within the body  200  in fluid communication on one side with the movable element  400  and on another side in communication with the inner flow passage  152 . 
         [0112]    FIG.  5 -A- 1  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  similar to the one described in FIG.  4 -A- 1 . In this example a communication duct  430  is disposed within the body  200  in fluid communication on one side with the movable element  400  and on another side in communication with the inner flow passage  152 . 
         [0113]    FIG.  5 -A- 2  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  explained in the description of FIG.  5 -A- 1  where the movable element  400  is in a different position interacting with the inner flow passage  152  causing a change of the flow geometry  440  when compared to the flow geometry  440  of FIG.  5 -A- 1 . 
         [0114]    FIG.  5 -B- 1  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  similar to the one described in FIG.  4 -B- 1 . In this example a communication duct  430  is disposed within the body  200  in fluid communication on one side with the movable element  400  and on another side in communication with the inner flow passage  152 . 
         [0115]    FIG.  5 -B- 2  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  explained in the description of FIG.  5 -B- 1  where the movable element  400  is in a different position interacting with the inner flow passage  152  causing a change of the flow geometry  440  when compared to the flow geometry  440  of FIG.  5 -B- 1 . 
         [0116]    FIG.  5 -C- 1  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  similar to the one described in FIG.  4 -C- 1 . In this example a communication duct  430  is disposed within the body  200  in fluid communication on one side with the movable element  400  and on another side in communication with the inner flow passage  152 . 
         [0117]    FIG.  5 -C- 2  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  explained in the description of FIG.  5 -C- 1  where the movable element  400  is in a different position interacting with the inner flow passage  152  causing a change of the flow geometry  440  when compared to the flow geometry  440  of FIG.  5 -C- 1 . 
         [0118]    FIG.  5 -D- 1  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  similar to the one described in FIG.  4 -D- 1 . In this example a communication duct  430  is disposed within the body  200  in fluid communication on one side with the movable element  400  and on another side in communication with the inner flow passage  152 . 
         [0119]    FIG.  5 -D- 2  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  explained in the description of FIG.  5 -D- 1  where the movable element  400  is in a different position interacting with the inner flow passage  152  causing a change of the flow geometry  440  when compared to the flow geometry  440  of FIG.  5 -D- 1 . 
         [0120]      FIG. 6  is a detailed section view of an example set of possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle  150  having a movable element  400  comprising plurality of movable element geometry orifice  435  arranged in a form of a revolver. When the movable element  400  is in one position, one of the movable element geometry orifice  435  is aligned with the outlet orifice causing the flow geometry to follow that one of the movable element geometry orifice  435 . When the movable element  400  is in a different position, a different movable element geometry orifice  435  will be aligned with the outlet orifice  425  resulting in the variable geometry nozzle  150  to have a different flow geometry  440 . 
         [0121]    FIG.  6 -A- 1  is an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  comprising a body  200 , a movable element  400  disposed within the body  200  having plurality of movable element geometry orifice  435  placed within the body  150  in an initial position; A cam follower  415  disposed within the body  200  traverse the cam track  410  disposed on the cam  420  surface to restrain and control the movement of the movable element  400  and restrict movement for specific displacement and in specific direction. In this example the movable element  400  is in specific position such that at least one movable element geometry orifice  435  is in fluid communication with the inner flow passage  152  from one side and aligned with the outlet orifice  425  on another side resulting in a specific flow geometry  440  of mostly rectangular geometry in this example of the downstream passage  800 . Other movable element geometry orifice  435  are not aligned with the outlet orifice  425  and will have limited effect on the fluid flowing through the flow geometry  440 . 
         [0122]    FIG.  6 -A- 2  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  explained in the description of FIG.  6 -A- 1  where the movable element  400  is in a different position such that a different movable element geometry orifice  435  of a mostly hexagonal geometry in this example is in communication with the inner flow passage  152  and aligned with the outlet orifice  425  causing a change of the flow geometry  440  when compared to the flow geometry  440  of FIG.  6 -A- 1 . 
         [0123]    FIG.  6 -B- 1  is an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  similar to the one described in FIG.  6 -A- 1 . In this example a resilient element  405  is attached to the movable element  400  causing it to be biased in specific direction to restrain the movement of the movable element  400 . In another example, the resilient element  405  is arranged in connection with the movable element  400  such that at least one movable element geometry orifice  435  is restricted from communication with the inner flow passage  152 . 
         [0124]    FIG.  6 -B- 2  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  explained in the description of FIG.  6 -B- 1  where the movable element  400  is in a different position interacting with the inner flow passage  152  such that a different movable element geometry orifice  435  is in communication with the inner flow passage  152  and aligned with the outlet orifice  425  causing a change of the flow geometry  440  of mostly hexagonal geometry in this example when compared to the flow geometry of FIG.  5 -B- 1 . 
         [0125]      FIG. 7  is a detailed section view of an example set of possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle  150  showing movable element  400  having different shapes of movable element geometry orifice  435  in different positions. 
         [0126]    FIG.  7 -A- 1  is a side view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  wherein the movable element  400  is in one position shown in the cross section view described in FIG.  7 -A- 2 . 
         [0127]    FIG.  7 -A- 2  is a section view of an example set of possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle  150  comprising a movable element  400  having a movable element geometry orifice  435  in one position such that inner flow passage  152  is in free communication with the outlet orifice  425  through the downstream passage  800 . 
         [0128]    FIG.  7 -A- 3  is a side view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  wherein the movable element  400  is in a different position described in FIG.  7 -A- 4  showing a restricted downstream passage  800 . 
         [0129]    FIG.  7 -A- 4  is a section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  7 -A- 2  wherein the movable element  400  is in different position when compared to the position described in FIG.  7 -A- 2 . In this figure the flow geometry  440  is obstructed and the downstream passage  800  is restricted due to the shape of the movable element  400  interacting and restricting flow from inner flow passage  152  to the outlet orifice  425  when the movable element  400  is in this position. 
         [0130]    FIG.  7 -B- 1  is a side view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  wherein the movable element  400  is in one position shown in the cross section view described in FIG.  7 -B- 2 . 
         [0131]    FIG.  7 -B- 2  is a section view of an example set of possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle  150  comprising a movable element  400  having a movable element geometry orifice  435  in one position such that inner flow passage  152  is in free communication with the outlet orifice  425  through the downstream passage  800 . The movable element geometry orifice  435  in this example is having a cavity of specific geometry comprising a curved surface. 
         [0132]    FIG.  7 -B- 3  is a side view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  wherein the movable element  400  is in a different position described in FIG.  7 -B- 4  showing a restricted downstream passage  800 . 
         [0133]    FIG.  7 -B- 4  is a section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  7 -B- 2  wherein the movable element  400  is in different position when compared to the position described in FIG.  7 -B- 2 . In this figure the downstream passage  800  is having a shape of two rounded openings wherein the movable element  400  flow geometry orifice  435  is in communication with the inner flow passage  152  on one side and to the outlet orifice  425  on the other side. 
         [0134]    FIG.  7 -C- 1  is a side view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  wherein the movable element  400  is in one position shown in the cross section view described in FIG.  7 -C- 2 . 
         [0135]    FIG.  7 -C- 2  is a section view of an example of possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle  150  showing movable element  400  having a movable element geometry orifice  435  in one position such that inner flow passage  152  is in free communication with the outlet orifice  425  through the downstream passage  800 . The movable element geometry orifice  435  in this example is having plurality of cavities with specific geometry. 
         [0136]    FIG.  7 -C- 3  is a side view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  wherein the movable element  400  is in a different position described in FIG.  7 -C- 4  showing a restricted downstream passage  800 . 
         [0137]    FIG.  7 -C- 4  is a section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  7 -C- 2  wherein the movable element  400  is in different position when compared to the position described in FIG.  7 -C- 2 . In this figure the flow geometry orifice  435  is having a shape of three rounded openings is in communication with the inner flow passage  152  on one side and to the outlet orifice  425  on the other side. 
         [0138]    FIG.  7 -D- 1  is a side view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  wherein the movable element  400  is in one position shown in the cross section view described in FIG.  7 -D- 2 . 
         [0139]    FIG.  7 -D- 2  is a section view of an example of possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle  150  showing movable element  400  having a movable element geometry outlet orifice  435  in one position such that inner flow passage  152  is in free communication with the outlet orifice  425  through the downstream passage  800 . The movable element geometry orifice  435  in this example is having another cavity with specific geometry comprising a curved surface. 
         [0140]    FIG.  7 -D- 3  is a side view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  wherein the movable element  400  is in a different position described in FIG.  7 -D- 4  showing a restricted downstream passage  800 . 
         [0141]    FIG.  7 -D- 4  is a section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  7 -D- 2  wherein the movable element  400  is in different position when compared to the position described in FIG.  7 -D- 2 . In this figure the flow geometry orifice  435  is having a shape of curved opening and is in fluid communication with the inner flow passage  152  on one side and to the outlet orifice  425  on the other side. 
         [0142]    FIG.  7 -E- 1  is a side view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  wherein the movable element  400  is in one position shown in the cross section view described in FIG.  7 -E- 2 . 
         [0143]    FIG.  7 -E- 2  is a section view of an example of possible configurations of variable geometry nozzle  150  showing movable element  400  having a movable element geometry orifice  435  in one position such that inner flow passage  152  is in free communication with the outlet orifice  425  through the downstream passage  800 . The movable element geometry orifice  435  in this example is having another cavity with specific geometry comprising an elongated surface. 
         [0144]    FIG.  7 -E- 3  is a side view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  wherein the movable element  400  is in a different position described in FIG.  7 -E- 4  showing a restricted downstream passage  800 . 
         [0145]    FIG.  7 -E- 4  is a section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  7 -E- 2  wherein the movable element  400  is in different position when compared to the position described in FIG.  7 -E- 2 . In this figure the flow geometry orifice  435  is having a shape of an opening having at least one straight side and is in fluid communication with the inner flow passage  152  on one side and to the outlet orifice  425  on the other side. 
         [0146]      FIG. 8  is a detailed view of an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  wherein the movable element  400  is having a curved surface and moves partially in rotation causing the change of downstream flow geometry  440 . The movable element in this example is having a portion of a spherical shape having at least one cavity. An example the movable element is a portion of a mostly spherical shape such as a ball having a central cavity there through is presented in figure A- 1 , A 2 , A- 3 , B- 1 , B 2 , B- 3 , C- 1 , C 2 , C- 3 . The movable element in figure A- 4 , B- 4 , C- 4  is an example of another portion of a mostly spherical shape such as a ball having a central cavity through 
         [0147]    FIG.  8 -A- 1  is a front view of a partial cutaway example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  having one movable element  400  in one position such that the inner flow passage  152  is in communication with the outlet orifice  425  through the downstream passage  800  wherein the flow geometry  440  is an initial geometry generated by the movable element  400  interacting with the inner flow passage  152  when it is in this initial position. 
         [0148]    FIG.  8 -A- 2  is a partial section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  8 -A- 1  wherein the movable element  400  is not cut away in view. 
         [0149]    FIG.  8 -A- 3  is a partial section view from a tilted angle of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  8 -A- 1  wherein the movable element  400  is not cut away in view. 
         [0150]    FIG.  8 -A- 4  is a section view of a variable geometry nozzle  150  similar to the one described in FIG.  8 -A- 1  wherein the movable element is a portion of a spherical shaped having one cavity there through extended from one end to another end. 
         [0151]    FIG.  8 -B- 1  is a front view of a partial cutaway example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  8 -A- 1  wherein the movable element is in a second position and the flow geometry  440  of the downstream passage  800  is of a second flow geometry  440  generated by the movable element  400  interacting with the inner flow passage  152  when it is in this second position. 
         [0152]    FIG.  8 -B- 2  is a partial section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  8 -B- 1  wherein the movable element  400  is not cut away in view 
         [0153]    FIG.  8 -B- 3  is a partial section view from a tilted angle of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  8 -B- 1  wherein the movable element  400  is not cut away in view. 
         [0154]    FIG.  8 -B- 4  is a section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  similar to the one described in FIG.  8 -B- 1  wherein the movable element is a portion of a spherical shaped having one cavity there through extended from one end to another end. 
         [0155]    FIG.  8 -C- 1  is a front view of a partial cutaway example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  8 -A- 1  wherein the movable element  400  is in another position and the flow geometry  440  of the downstream passage  800  is of another geometry generated by the movable element  400  interacting with the inner flow passage  152  when it is in this other position. 
         [0156]    FIG.  8 -C- 2  is a partial section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  8 -C- 1  wherein the movable element  400  is not cut away in view. 
         [0157]    FIG.  8 -C- 3  is a partial section view from a tilted angle of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  8 -C- 1  wherein the movable element  400  is not cut away in view. 
         [0158]    FIG.  8 -C- 4  is a section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  similar to the one described in FIG.  8 -C- 1  wherein the movable element is a portion of a spherical shaped having one cavity there through extended from one end to another end. 
         [0159]      FIG. 9  is a detailed view of an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in  FIG. 8  wherein the nozzle comprising two movable element  400  disposed within the body  200  and are having a curved surface and move partially in rotation causing the change of downstream flow geometry  440 . In this example two movable elements each is a portion of a mostly spherical shape element such as a ball having a cavity there through such that when the two elements are together in one position, the cavity between them is of an initial flow geometry  440 , and when both movable elements are in another position the cavity between them is of different flow geometry  440 . The geometry of the cavity between the elements decides the flow geometry  440  of the variable geometry nozzle. 
         [0160]    FIG.  9 -A- 1  is a front view of a partial cutaway example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  8 -A- 1  having two movable element  400  in an initial position such that the inner flow passage  152  is in communication with the outlet orifice  425  through the downstream passage  800  wherein the downstream passage  800  is of an initial flow geometry  440  generated by the movable element  400  in initial position and interacting with the inner flow passage  152  when it is in this initial position. 
         [0161]    FIG.  9 -A- 2  is a partial section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  9 -A- 1  wherein the movable element  400  are not cut away in view. 
         [0162]    FIG.  9 -A- 3  is a partial section view from a tilted angle of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  9 -A- 1  wherein the movable element  400  are not cut away in view 
         [0163]    FIG.  9 -A- 4  is a section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  9 -A- 1 . 
         [0164]    FIG.  9 -B- 1  is a front view of a partial cutaway example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  8 -B- 1  having two movable element  400  in a second position such that the inner flow passage  152  is in communication with the outlet orifice  425  through the downstream passage  800  wherein the downstream passage  800  is having a second flow geometry  440  generated by the movable element  400  interacting with the inner flow passage  152  when it is in this position. 
         [0165]    FIG.  9 -B- 2  is a partial section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  9 -B- 1  wherein the movable element  400  are not cut away in view. 
         [0166]    FIG.  9 -B- 3  is a partial section view from a tilted angle of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  9 -B- 1  wherein the movable element  400  are not cut away in view 
         [0167]    FIG.  9 -B- 4  is a section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  9 -B- 1   
         [0168]    FIG.  9 -C- 1  is a front view of a partial cutaway example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  8 -C- 1  having two movable element  400  in another position such that the inner flow passage  152  is in communication with the outlet orifice  425  through the downstream passage  800  wherein the downstream passage  800  is of another flow geometry  440  generated by the movable element  400  interacting with the inner flow passage  152  when it is in this position. 
         [0169]    FIG.  9 -C- 2  is a partial section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  9 -C- 1  wherein the movable element  400  is not cut away in view 
         [0170]    FIG.  9 -C- 3  is a partial section view from a tilted angle of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  9 -C- 1  wherein the movable element  400  are not cut away in view 
         [0171]    FIG.  9 -C- 4  is a section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  9 -C- 1   
         [0172]      FIG. 10  is a detailed view of an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in  FIG. 8  wherein plurality of movable element  400  are disposed within the body  200  and are having a curved surface and move partially in rotation causing the change of downstream flow geometry  440 . In this example three movable elements each is having at least one surface of a mostly spherical shape such as a portion of a ball and is having a cavity there through such that when the elements are together in one position, the cavity between them construct an initial flow geometry  440 , and when the movable element are in another position the cavity between them is of different flow geometry  440 . The geometry of the cavity between the elements decides downstream flow geometry  440  of the variable geometry nozzle  150   
         [0173]    FIG.  10 -A- 1  is a front view of a partial cutaway example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  similar to the one described in FIG.  8 -A- 1 . The variable geometry nozzle comprising a plurality movable element  400  in an initial position such that the inner flow passage  152  is in communication with the outlet orifice  425  through the downstream passage  800  wherein the downstream passage  800  geometry is of initial flow geometry  440  generated by the movable element  400  interacting with the inner flow passage  152  when it is in this position. 
         [0174]    FIG.  10 -A- 2  is a partial section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  10 -A- 1  wherein the movable element  400  are not cut away in view 
         [0175]    FIG.  10 -A- 3  is a partial section view from a tilted angle of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  10 -A- 1  wherein the movable element  400  are not cut away in view 
         [0176]    FIG.  10 -A- 4  is a section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  10 -A- 1   
         [0177]    FIG.  10 -B- 1  is a front view of a partial cutaway example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  10 -A- 1  having the movable element  400  in a second position such that the inner flow passage  152  is in communication with the outlet orifice  425  through the downstream passage  800  wherein the downstream passage  800  geometry is of geometry second flow geometry  440  generated by the movable element  400  interacting with the inner flow passage  152  when it is in this position. 
         [0178]    FIG.  10 -B- 2  is a partial section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  10 -B- 1  wherein the movable element  400  are not cut away in view. 
         [0179]    FIG.  10 -B- 3  is a partial section view from a tilted angle of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  10 -B- 1  wherein the movable element  400  are not cut away in view. 
         [0180]    FIG.  10 -B- 4  is a section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  10 -B- 1 . 
         [0181]    FIG.  10 -C- 1  is a front view of a partial cutaway example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  10 -A- 1  having the movable element  400  in another position such that the inner flow passage  152  is in communication with the outlet orifice  425  through the downstream passage  800  wherein the downstream passage  800  is of another flow geometry  440  generated by the movable element  400  interacting with the inner flow passage  152  when it is in this position. 
         [0182]    FIG.  10 -C- 2  is a partial section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  10 -C- 1  wherein the movable element  400  is not cut away in view. 
         [0183]    FIG.  10 -C- 3  is a partial section view from a tilted angle of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  10 -C- 1  wherein the movable element  400  are not cut away in view. 
         [0184]    FIG.  10 -C- 4  is a section view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  10 -C- 1 . 
         [0185]      FIG. 11  is a detailed section view of an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  where the movable element  400  is having at least one curved surface and is biased by a resilient element  405  in connection between the movable element  400  and the body  200 . The movable element  400  is placed within the inner flow passage  152  such that when it is in an initial position, the flow geometry  440  is of an initial geometry and when the movable element  400  is in another position the downstream passage  800  is having a another flow geometry  440 . FIG.  11 -A- 1  and FIG.  11 -A- 2  are showing the movable element  400  in two different positions with the downstream passage  800  in FIG.  11 -A- 1  is of initial flow geometry  440  and the movable element  400  is in initial position. In FIG.  11 -A- 2  the movable element  400  is in a different position and the downstream passage  800  is of more restricted flow geometry  440  when compared to the flow geometry  440  of the downstream passage  800  in FIG.  11 -A- 1 . 
         [0186]    FIG.  11 -B- 1  and FIG.  11 -B- 2  are similar to FIG.  11 -A- 1  and FIG.  11 -A- 2  except that the downstream passage  800  of FIG.  11 -B- 1  and  11 -B- 2  are of larger area caused by the placement of flow enlargement conduit  845  permanently in communication between the inner flow passage  152  and the outlet orifice  425 . 
         [0187]      FIG. 12  is a detailed view of an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  wherein the means for changing the flow geometry comprising a movable element  400  in a form of a collet disposed within the body  200  and move mostly in the axial direction guided by guide surface  850  disposed within the body  200 . The collet comprising at least one collet finger  880  connected to a collet base  888  through a finger flexing spring  881 . A collet spring is a resilient element configured to bias the movable element in one direction and restrain the movable element movement until the force exerted on the movable element  400  is higher than the bias force of the resilient collet spring  887 . The guide surface  850  is configured to be in contact with at least one of the collet finger  880  at least one time when the said movable element  400  traverse its travel pass. The guide surface  850  in this example is a mostly tapered shape such as a conical cavity, however can be configured in any other shape to achieve its objective of guiding the movable element  400  collet finger  880 . The said guided movement causes the change of the flow geometry  440 . When fluid flow through the inner flow passage in one direction, it exert a force on the collet base  888  in the same direction of the fluid movement for example the collet base  888  affected by the force exerted by fluid flowing through the variable geometry nozzle  150  from inlet port  424  through the inner flow passage  152  towards the outlet orifice  425  of normal circulation  825  or in opposite direction of reverse circulation  826 . The force generated by the flowing fluid has to overcome the force exerted over the movable element by the collet spring  887  before it is initially moved. 
         [0188]      FIG. 12-A  is a partial cut away view of an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  having a collet type movable element  400  in an initial position such that the inlet port  424  and inner flow passage  152  is in communication with the outlet orifice  425  through the downstream passage  800  wherein the downstream passage  800  is of a specific flow geometry  440  generated by arrangement of the collet finger  880  interacting with the inner flow passage  152  at this initial position and guided by the guide surface  850 . 
         [0189]      FIG. 12-B  is a partial cut away view at a tilted angle of an example of the variable geometry nozzle described in  FIG. 12-A  wherein the movable element  400  position moved from initial position described in  FIG. 12-A  to a second position such that at least one collet finger  880  is in contact with the guide surface  850  such that the collet finger is displaced partially in a lateral direction towards the central major axis connecting between the inlet port and outlet orifice. downstream passage  800  is of a specific flow geometry  440  generated by the movable element  400  interacting with the inner flow passage  152  when it is in this second position and guided by the guide surface  850 . The downstream passage  800  is having a flow geometry  440  of a less flow area in this position when compared to the flow area of the downstream passage  800  flow geometry  440  of  FIG. 12-A  as the collet finger  880  has moved inwardly reducing the total area of the flow geometry  440 . It is worth noting that the guide surface  850  can be configured such that when the collet finger  880  is in this second position, the collet finger  880  displacement is lateral in outwardly direction causing the flow geometry  440  in this case to be of larger geometry when compared to  FIG. 12-A . 
         [0190]      FIG. 12-C  is a partial cut away view of an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in  FIG. 12-A  wherein the movable element  400  is in another position such that it is axially displaced further from the initial position when compared to the second position in  FIG. 12-B . In this other position the collet finger  880  is further displaced inwardly as guided by the guide surface  850  causing a further reduction in the flow geometry  440 . the downstream passage  800  geometry is of another flow geometry  440  generated by the movable element  400  interacting with the inner flow passage  152 . The downstream passage  800  is having a flow geometry  440  of a less flow area in this position when compared to the flow area of the downstream passage  800  flow geometry  440  of  FIG. 12-B  and of  FIG. 12-A . 
         [0191]      FIG. 13  is a section view of an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  explained in  FIGS. 8 ,  9  and  10  having a means of movement restriction to prevent undesired or premature movement of the movable element  400 . The means of movement restriction in this example is a form of a restriction pin  805  attached to the body  200 . Enough force has to be exerted on the restriction pin  805  by the movable element  400  caused by a driving member to exert force to move the movable element  400  to a second position. The initial force exerted by the driving member  811  will have to be high enough to break the restriction pin  805  and allow for the movable element  400  to change position. 
         [0192]      FIG. 13-A  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  having a driving member in a form of a threaded rack  810  engaged with a matching threaded pinion  815  disposed on the on the surface of the movable element  400  such that when the threaded rack  810  moves in certain direction it exerts a force on the pinion  815  in connection with the movable element  400 . When this force exceeds a value set to break the restriction pin  805 , then the said restriction pin  805  will break and the movable element  400  will move movable in this example will be movable partially in rotation in response to the movement of the threaded rack  810 . 
         [0193]      FIG. 13-B  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in  FIG. 13-A  wherein the movable element  400  is in a second position when compared to the position in  FIG. 13-A  and the downstream passage  800  is having a second flow geometry  440  that is different from the flow geometry  440  generated by the movable element  400  when in the initial position of  FIG. 13-A . 
         [0194]      FIG. 13-C  is a section view of one example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in  FIG. 13-A  and  FIG. 13-B  wherein the movable element  400  is in different position when compared to the movable element  400  position in  FIG. 13-B  and the downstream passage  800  is having a flow geometry  440  that is different from the flow geometry  440  generated by the movable element  400  in  FIG. 13-B  and  FIG. 13-A . 
         [0195]      FIG. 14  is a detailed section view of an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in  FIG. 5  wherein the movable element movement direction is controlled by the circulation pattern under the effect of the fluid flow direction. 
         [0196]    FIG.  14 -A- 1  showing the effect of fluid flow from the outlet orifice  425  towards the inner flow passage  152  in what is known in the industry as reverse circulation  826 . This flow direction in this figure forces the movable element  400  away from the outlet orifice  425  and clears the inner flow passage  152  resulting in a downstream passage  800  of communicating flow geometry  440 . 
         [0197]    FIG.  14 -A- 2  is a section view of an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  14 -A- 1  wherein the fluid is flowing from the inner flow passage  152  in the direction towards the outlet orifice  425  in what is known in the art as normal circulation  825 . Fluid force the movable element  400  to engage with the inner flow passage  152  and result in a downstream passage  800  having a different flow geometry  440  when compared to the flow geometry  440  in FIG.  14 -A- 1 . In this example, the flow geometry  440  of FIG.  14 -A- 2  is having a smaller flow area when compared to the flow geometry  440  flow area of FIG.  14 -A- 1 . It is worth to note that the movable element  400  can be arranged in a different example such that the flow geometry  440  of the downstream passage  800  in FIG.  14 -A- 1  is smaller than the downstream passage  800  geometry of FIG.  14 -A- 2 . 
         [0198]    FIG.  14 -B- 1  is a section view of an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  similar to the one described in FIG.  5 -B- 1  under the effect fluid flow direction in reverse circulation  826  wherein a resilient element  405  as described in FIG.  5 -B- 1  insure that the movable element  400  is biased in certain direction such that its movable element  400  movement by effect of fluid flow is restrained and takes effect when the force exerted by the fluid flowing through the variable geometry nozzle  150  exceed the force imposed by the resilient element  405 . 
         [0199]    FIG.  14 -B- 2  is a section view of an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  14 -B- 1  wherein the movable element  400  is in a different position under the effect of fluid flow direction in normal circulation  825  when compared to FIG.  14 -B- 1  and resulting in a downstream passage  800  of a different flow geometry  440 . 
         [0200]      FIG. 15  is an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  5 -C- 1  and  5 -C- 2  wherein the movable element movement direction is controlled by the circulation pattern, and the movable element  400  position is controlled by the combination of the cam  420  and fluid flow direction. The movable element  400  position within the body  200  and interacting with the inner flow passage  152  determine the geometry and the total flow area of the flow geometry  440 . 
         [0201]      FIG. 15-A  is an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in FIG.  5 -C- 1  wherein the fluid flow direction is in normal circulation  825  from inlet port  424  through the inner flow passage  152  toward the outlet orifice  425  cause the movable element  400  to change position guided by the cam follower  415  traversing the cam track  410  in a determined displacement and direction. 
         [0202]      FIG. 15-B  is another view of the variable geometry nozzle  150  described in  FIG. 15-A  when fluid flow direction is reversed in what is known as reverse circulation  826  the fluid will flow from the outlet orifice  425  in a direction towards the inlet port  424  through the inner flow passage  152 , then it will force the movable element  400  to change position guided by the cam flower  415  traversing the cam track  410  and resulting in the movable element  400  interacting with the inner flow passage  152  and causing the downstream passage  800  to have certain flow geometry  440  as seen in this  FIG. 15-B . The cyclic movement of fluid flowing in normal circulation  825  or reverse circulation  826  will cause the movable element  400  to move within the body  200  of the variable geometry nozzle  150  as guided by the cam  420  and as a result the movable element  400  will engage with the inner flow passage  152  at different predetermined positions and stays in the same position until the fluid circulation direction is reversed. 
         [0203]    This is a principal of the method disclosed herein after that is implemented to control the geometry of the of the variable geometry nozzle  150  apparatus and keep it at certain position during the desired operation. 
         [0204]      FIG. 16  is an example of a possible placement of a preferred example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  apparatus within the tubular string  110 . 
         [0205]      FIG. 16-A  is a section view of an example wherein the variable geometry nozzle  150  is placed in a drill bit perforation  125  and the result is a drill bit  120  having a remotely operated variable geometry nozzle  150 . 
         [0206]      FIG. 16-B  is a section view of an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  disposed within a tubular string  110  affecting the fluid flow profile flowing within the inner flow passage  152  of the tubular string  110  from one end to the other end through the inlet port  424  and the outlet orifice  425 . 
         [0207]      FIG. 16-C  is a section view of an example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  disposed between the inner flow passage  152  and the annular flow passage  154  controlling the flow profile and flow pattern between the inner flow passage  152  and the annular flow passage  154  according to the downstream passage  800  flow geometry  440 . This figure is a possible example of the variable geometry nozzle  150  wherein the body  200  is an integrated body  830  manufactured within the walls of a tool in the bottom hole assembly  130 . 
         [0208]      FIG. 17  is a flowchart diagram describing the method disclosed for remotely controlling the variable geometry nozzle  150 . Step 1  855  is to dispose in a well bore a tubular string comprising a variable geometry nozzle  150  having a movable element  400  in initial position and a flow geometry  440  of initial geometry. Step 2  860  changing at least one physical property of the environment. Step 3  865  moving the movable element  400  from an initial position to a different predetermined position in response to the change of the at least one physical property of the environment. Step 4  866  causing a change of the flow geometry wherein the different predetermined position of the movable element  400  results in a change of the flow geometry  440  at the location within the inner flow passage  152  between the inlet port  424  and the outlet orifice  425 . 
         [0209]    In operation when drilling in Earth formations going through earth layers having variations in mechanical properties, the drill bit nozzle hydraulic horse power per square inch (HSI) can be too high for some formation layers which gets over drilled or too low which results in less efficient cuttings removal. 
         [0210]    Conventionally, the drill bit nozzle lowered in the wellbore has a fixed flow geometry and total flow area (TFA) and it is not possible to change the nozzle geometry without pulling the tubular string out of the wellbore. 
         [0211]    In another aspect, flow restrictors exist in other components of the tubular string used for drilling or in fluid conduits which are used in the oil and gas industry or other industries. 
         [0212]    In many situations, the ability to change the geometry of such flow restrictors remotely is desirable. For example, it is desirable to change the geometry of the flow restrictor which is used within the mud motor of a tubular string during drilling without pulling the tubular string out of hole. 
         [0213]    In another situation, it is desirable to provide a device that allow for fluid communication between the inner flow passage and the annular fluid passage. Such a device is common when running completion string for example during the process of placement of completion fluid. In other applications such as during drilling operation it is desirable to provide a device that allow operator to circulate fluid between inner fluid passage and annular fluid passage such as the case of stuck pipe. 
         [0214]    Today, current technology does not allow for changing fluid flow restrictor particularly in drilling application and more specifically for drill bit nozzles without pulling the tubular string out to surface to make the necessary changes. This process is costly and involve extensive rig time and further introduces higher operating risks. 
         [0215]    The current disclosed invention introduces a remotely operated variable geometry nozzle that can be placed within a drill bit as described in  FIG. 16-A  to allow operator to change the total flow area and nozzle flow geometry remotely and without pulling out of hole. Another aspect of the present invention introduces a remotely operated variable geometry nozzle that can be placed within a tubular string inner flow passage as described in  FIG. 16-B  such as in mud motor to control the pressure drop through the nozzle. In another aspect, the present invention introduces a remotely operated variable geometry nozzle that can be placed within the wall of a tubular string to change fluid flow profile between inner fluid passage and annular fluid passage. 
         [0216]    It is further desirable to restrain undesired changes of the variable geometry nozzle in normal operation. 
         [0217]    The present invention introduces a variable geometry nozzle that can be adopted to be placed in a drill bit, within a tubular string inner fluid passage or between the inner fluid passage and annular fluid passage. 
         [0218]    A variable geometry nozzle having a movable element placed at a predetermined initial position is adopted to be mounted within a tubular string such as drill bit within the inner flow passage at an initial position. Change of flow restriction or flow geometry is achieved by changing the position of the movable element within the inner flow passage. 
         [0219]    Different examples of a means for changing the nozzle flow geometry  440  is achieved by disposing different arrangement of a movable element  400  within the body that interact with the inner flow passage causing a change in flow geometry  440 . Different examples of a movable element  400  are described in this disclosure of the present invention. A movable element  400  that moves axially within the body as in  FIG. 7 ,  11 ,  12 , a movable element  400  moving in rotation as in FIG.  8 , 9 ,  10 ,  13  or a movable element  400  moving in revolving motion as in  FIG. 6  or a movable element  400  moving at an angle from fluid flow passage such as in  FIGS. 4 ,  5 ,  14 ,  15 . The movement examples explained herein are not exclusive and are for demonstration purposes. Other movement or movement combination are to achieve the same objective are an integral part of this disclosure. 
         [0220]    A means for restraining movement of the movable element is explained in  FIG. 13  in a form of a shear pin, and in a form of resilient element as in FIG.  4 -B- 1 ,  4 -B- 2 ,  5 -B- 1 ,  5 -B- 2 ,  14 -B- 1 ,  14 -B- 2 ,  FIG. 11 . 
         [0221]    A means for controlling the movement of the movable element is in a form of cam is explained in FIG.  4 -C- 1 ,  4 -C- 2 ,  5 -C- 1 ,  5 -C- 2 ,  6 -A- 1 ,  6 -A- 2 , or a combination of cam and resilient element as in FIGS.  4 -D- 1 ,  4 -D- 2 ,  5 -D- 1 ,  5 -D- 2 ,  6 -B- 1 ,  6 -B- 2 , or in a form of rack and pinion as in  FIGS. 8 ,  9 ,  10 ,  13 . 
         [0222]    A means for moving the movable element is explained in  FIG. 12  as the collet base  888  affected by the force exerted by fluid flowing through the variable geometry nozzle  150  from inlet port  424  through the inner flow passage  152  towards the outlet orifice  425  of normal circulation  825  or in opposite direction of reverse circulation  826 . The force generated by the flowing fluid has to overcome the force exerted over the movable element by the collet spring  887  before it is initially moved. Another means of moving the movable element is explained in  FIGS. 5 ,  14  and  15  where flowing fluid exert force over the movable element through the communication duct  430 . Another example of means of moving the movable element is explained in view of  FIGS. 6 and 11  where the fluid flowing through the inner flow passage  152  exert a force on the movable element  400  in the same direction of flow. Another example of the means for moving the movable element is explained in view of  FIGS. 4 &amp; 7  where fluid flowing through the inner flow passage generate a turbulence at the downstream passage  800  the exert a force over the movable element such that when fluid flow in normal circulation  825  from the inlet port  424  to the outlet orifice  825 , the turbulence will create a form of a lower pressure pulling the movable element from its initial position to a second position. When the fluid flow in reverse circulation  826 , the force exerted on the movable element  400  will force it to move from the second position towards the initial position. Another example of the means for moving the movable element is explained in view of  FIGS. 8 ,  9 ,  10 ,  13  wherein a rack ring  811  is disposed within the inner flow passage  152  between the inlet port  424  and outlet orifice  425  and rigidly connected to the threaded rack  810 . Fluid flow through the inner flow passage  152  in normal circulation  824  will exert a force on the rack ring  811  in one direction causing the threaded rack  810  to move in the same direction and forcing the movable element  440  to move and change position by means of the threaded pinion  815  engaged with the threaded rack  810 . It is understood that similar movement of the movable element  440  achieved through the interaction of the threaded rack  810  and threaded pinion  815  in this example can be achieved by magnetic coupling instead of threaded coupling or by friction coupling or other coupling that is commonly known in the art. Other means of moving the movable elements such as an energized resilient element or electric motors are explained in detail in the patent application Ser. No. 13/846,946 dated Mar. 18, 2013 and application Ser. No. 13/861,255 dated Apr. 11, 2013 by the current inventors and not repeated in this disclosure. 
         [0223]    Each of the rack ring  811 , collet base  888  are configured to have a surface area sufficient to be affected by change in fluid flow and accordingly act as a means for detecting fluid flow. When fluid flow through the inner flow passage  152  in one direction it exert certain force on the rack ring  811  or the collet base  888 . In the examples explained previously, when the fluid flow increase in the same direction, the force exerted on the rack ring  811  or collet base  888  increase and vice versa. Geometry of the rack ring  811  or the collet base  888  can be configured and arranged to be affected by other change in the environment such as change in fluid viscosity as the force exerted on the rack ring  811  and the collet base  888  will be proportionally changing with the change of fluid viscosity, similarly when the density change as the said force is proportionally related to the mass flow rate. Other means for detecting change in environment such as pipe movement or having an electronic sensor are explained in more details in the patent application Ser. No. 13/846,946 dated Mar. 18, 2013 and application Ser. No. 13/861,255 dated Apr. 11, 2013 by the current inventors and not repeated in this disclosure. 
         [0224]    The present invention discloses a method for changing a nozzle geometry disposed within a tubular string such as a drill bit by introducing in a tubular string A remotely controlled variable geometry nozzle comprising: 
         [0225]    a body configured to be disposed within the tubular string, the body having an inlet port and an outlet orifice; 
         [0226]    a fluid passage having a plurality of predetermined geometries and extending through the body, the fluid passage is in fluid communication with the inlet port and the outlet orifice; and 
         [0227]    a means for changing the geometry of the fluid passage having a movable element disposed within the body, the movable element is configured to be movable to a plurality of predetermined positions in response to a change in a physical property of the environment, and wherein the geometry of the fluid passage is responsive to the position of the movable element within the body. 
         [0228]    Causing a change in the environment such as changing fluid flow direction or changing fluid flow rate, or changing fluid mass flow rate by means of changing fluid density or movement of the tubular string. Such a change is detectable by a sensor means within the apparatus. This sensor means in one example is an electronic sensor and in another example is a simple geometry such as the collet base  888  or rack ring  811  explained above. 
         [0229]    Changing the movable element position from an initial position to another position in response of the change of the environment such that the flow geometry changes form an initial flow geometry to another flow geometry. Examples of the means for moving the movable element from an initial position to a second position are explained above such as the collet base disposed  888  disposed within the flow passage and affected by fluid flow rate and fluid flow direction. 
         [0230]    Since other modifications and changes varied to fit particular operating requirements and environments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the invention is not considered limited to the example chosen for purposes of disclosure, and covers all changes and modifications which do not constitute departures from the true spirit and scope of this invention. 
         [0231]    Having thus described the invention, what is desired to be protected by Letters Patent is presented in the subsequently appended claims.