Abstract:
An ultrasonic motor has a vibrating body and a piezoelectric element disposed on the vibrating body for generating a vibration wave to vibrate the vibrating body. The vibration wave has a vibration node disposed on a diagonal line of the vibrating body. At least one protrusion is connected to the vibrating body for vibration therewith. The protrusion is disposed on the vibrating body at a position which does not correspond to the position of the vibration node. A moving body is disposed in contact with and driven by the protrusion during vibration thereof.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a piezoelectric driving body and an ultrasonic motor having a piezoelectric element as a driving source, and to an electronic apparatus such as an electronic timepiece, a medical equipment, an optical information apparatus, a camera and the like. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Various ultrasonic motors have been proposed which employ circular or annular vibrating bodies oscillated in a circumferential direction of the vibrating body to thereby drive a moving body. Such an example is shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 7750/1994. 
     Meanwhile, it is known as a manufacturing method of a vibrating body to manufacture through cutting generally from a vibrating body shape by an automatic lathe or the like. 
     On the other hand, recently there is a proposal on an ultrasonic motor utilizing a micro-machining technology such as etching. Such an example is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 337052/1998. 
     However, because the conventional ultrasonic motors as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 7750/1994 utilize deflection-vibration in a circumferential direction of the vibrating body, the vibrating body must have been increased in plate thickness in order to obtain displacement in a feed direction of the moving body, i.e. displacement in a circumferential direction, thus incurring increase in resonant frequency. Particularly, the resonant frequency has been increased with increase in the number of waves in the circumferential direction and the number of nodes with respect to a radial direction. Furthermore, because of having protrusions for magnifying displacement, the thickness of the ultrasonic motor has been increased. Also, the increase of manufacture cost has been incurred due to forming one by one vibrating bodies by machining. 
     Meanwhile, in the structure shown in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 337052/1998, a large output cannot be obtained because the piezoelectric element is small in area. Further, because the structure has a plurality of cantilevers, the resonant frequency deviates between the cantilevers thus having a problem with deviation in individual motor characteristics. Furthermore, there is the disadvantage that the direction of rotation is in only one direction. 
     In view of the above problems, the present invention realizes an ultrasonic motor capable of suppressing an increase in resonant frequency and obtaining a great amplitude even if made smaller, and it is an object to provide an excellent-quality ultrasonic motor that is simple to manufacture and mass produce, and to provide an electronic apparatus having the ultrasonic motor. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In order to achieve the above object, an ultrasonic motor of the present invention is characterized, in an ultrasonic motor having a vibrating body in a quadrilateral plate form, a piezoelectric element bonded on the vibrating body, a protrusion provided on the vibrating body, and a moving body in contact with the protrusion to be driven by same, in that the piezoelectric element oscillates a vibration wave having a node on a diagonal line of the vibrating body or on lines with which the vibrating body is divided into two and four, and the protrusion being provided in a position off the node. With this structure and principle, it is possible to obtain a vibration component required for driving the moving body regardless of the plate thickness of the vibrating body and reducing the thickness of the vibrating body and further the ultrasonic motor overall. Also, because the resonant frequency of the vibrating body can be decreased, a great amplitude can be obtained even if made smaller thus realizing an efficient ultrasonic motor. 
     By providing a plurality of electrodes on the piezoelectric element disposed on the vibrating body and either selecting an electrode to which a drive signal is applied or changing the phase of a drive signal, the node of vibration to be oscillated by the vibrating body can be moved to vary a direction of rotation of the moving body. 
     According to this invention, because the vibrating body is quadrilateral in shape, a multiplicity of vibrating bodies can be formed at one time by dicing or the like. Even if blanking is made using a press or the like, material can be effectively utilized without leaving the remainder. 
     Also, in the piezoelectric driving body for including an ultrasonic motor of the invention, the polarizing directions of the piezoelectric element having a plurality of electrode portions are all made in the same direction. Due to this, for example, it is possible to suppress or make even deformation caused where polarization is made after the piezoelectric element is bonded to the vibrating body. The contact situation with the moving body contacting the vibrating body becomes favorable. By polarizing the entire piezoelectric element in the same direction at one time, polarization is favorably provided without impeding required deformation of the piezoelectric element during polarization, and thus making it possible to obtain a large drive force from the piezoelectric vibrating body. 
     Also, by providing an ultrasonic motor or piezoelectric driving body of the invention on an electronic apparatus, it is possible to realize the reduction of size, thickness and consumption power for the electronic apparatus. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a structure of an ultrasonic motor of this invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a figure explaining the principle of the ultrasonic motor in Embodiment 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a figure of a piezoelectric element in Embodiment 1; 
     FIG. 4 is a figure showing another example of a piezoelectric element in Embodiment 1; 
     FIG. 5 is a figure showing a second example of protrusion position according to Embodiment 1; 
     FIG. 6 is a figure showing a third example of protrusion position according to Embodiment 1; 
     FIG. 7 is a figure showing a fourth example of protrusion position according to Embodiment 1; 
     FIG. 8 is a figure showing a principle of the ultrasonic motor in Embodiment 2; 
     FIG. 9 is a figure showing another principle of an ultrasonic motor in Embodiment 2; 
     FIG. 10 is a figure showing a way of applying a drive signal of the ultrasonic motor in Embodiment 2; 
     FIG. 11 is a figure showing a principle of an ultrasonic motor in Embodiment 3; 
     FIG. 12 is a figure showing another principle of the ultrasonic motor in Embodiment 3; 
     FIG. 13 is a figure showing a second example of a support method of an ultrasonic motor of the invention; 
     FIG. 14 is a figure showing a third example of a support method of an ultrasonic motor of the invention; 
     FIG. 15 is a figure showing another example of a vibrating body form of the ultrasonic motor of the invention; and 
     FIG. 16 is an explanatory figure showing a block diagram of an electronic apparatus using the ultrasonic motor of the invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereunder, the present invention will be explained in detail based on the drawings. 
     &lt;Embodiment 1&gt; 
     FIG. 1 shows a plan view and side view of an ultrasonic motor  100  of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a top view of the ultrasonic motor  100  removed of a moving body  8 . 
     In FIG. 1, a square vibrating body  1  is joined with a piezoelectric element  2 . The vibrating body  1  at its center is fixed, for example by driving-in, by a center shaft  5  fixed to a support plate  4 . In grooves  8   a  of the moving body  8 , steps  6   a  of a pressure-applying body  6  are engaged to restrict the moving body  8  from moving in a surface inward direction. The pressure-applying body  6  at a center hole  6   a  is guided by the center shaft  5  and rotates together with the moving body  8 . In the hole  6   a  may be provided a material high in wear resistance and having a low frictional coefficient, e.g. an engineering-plastic-made bush, an oil-immersion bearing, a ceramics bearing or the like. It may be also provided with a ball bearing. 
     Also, the pressure-applying body  6  at the center is deflected by a fixing body  7  fixed on the center shaft  5 , to provide a contact pressure between the moving body  8  and protrusions  1   a  provided on the vibrating body  1 . 
     Hereunder, the principle of driving of the ultrasonic motor  100  in the present invention will be explained. In FIG. 2, protrusions  1   a  of two in number are provided on the vibrating body  1  in point-symmetric positions about the center shaft  5 . Herein, the protrusions  1   a  are each provided along a side of the vibrating body  1  at a center point thereof. The vibrating body  1  is bonded with a piezoelectric body  2  by which a standing wave is oscillated with a node on one diagonal line  10   a . At this time, the protrusion  1   a  at a tip rising in a center-shaft direction also displaces in a direction of the arrow  11   a ,  11   b  (in a direction perpendicular to the diagonal line  10   a ). Consequently, the moving body  8  rotates in a direction of the arrow  12 . 
     On the other hand, if oscillating a standing wave with a node on the other diagonal line  10   b , the protrusion  1   a  at the tip displaces in a direction of the arrow  11   c ,  11   d  and accordingly the moving body  8  rotates in a direction of the arrow  13 . 
     By thus having the two protrusions  1   a  and providing a first protrusion and a second protrusion in symmetric positions with reference to a center of the vibrating body, an output characteristic of the ultrasonic motor  100  becomes constant regardless of rotational direction of the moving body  3 . The protrusions  1   a , on principle, may be provided anywhere provided that they are in positions off the four corners, and the protrusions  1   a  may be one in number. 
     Next, explanation is made on an electrode structure of the piezoelectric element  2  for oscillating a vibration wave having a node on the diagonal line of the vibrating body  1 . 
     In FIG. 3, the piezoelectric element  2  has, on one surface, four electrodes  3   b ,  3   c ,  3   d ,  3   e  in areas separated or divided in a grating form by connecting between center points of the mutually-parallel sides of the vibrating body  1 . Although not shown, the piezoelectric element  2  has an electrode  3   a  extending over the entire of the other surface thereof, and in the entire portion is polarization-treated in the same direction as a thickness direction. In the figure, + refers to a polarization direction. Herein, a drive electrode is applied between electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   b ,  3   e , a standing wave is caused having a node on the diagonal line lob of FIG.  2 . Next, if a drive signal is applied between the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   c ,  3   d , a standing wave is caused having a node on a diagonal line  10   a  of FIG.  2 . 
     Next, another example of an electrode structure on the piezoelectric element  2  is shown in FIG.  4 . In FIG. 4, the piezoelectric element has, on one surface, four electrode parts  3   f ,  3   g .  3   h ,  3   i  in the areas of the vibrating body  1  separated or divided in triangular forms by two diagonal lines, and polarization-treated in the same direction as the thickness direction in the entire portion. The piezoelectric element  2  has an electrode  3   a  provided over the entire surface thereof. By applying a drive signal to adjacent two electrode of the four electrodes  3   f ,  3   g ,  3   h ,  3   i , a vibration wave is caused on the vibrating body  1 . 
     For example, by applying a driving signal to between the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   f ,  3   g  or the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   h ,  3   i , a standing wave having a node on the diagonal line  10   a  of FIG. 2 is caused. Next, by applying a driving signal between the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   f ,  3   i  or the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   g ,  3   h , a standing wave having a node on the diagonal line  10   b  of FIG. 2 is caused. 
     Next, another example is shown concerning the position of the protrusions  1   a.    
     FIG. 5 is an example that protrusions  1   a  are extended toward the outside of the vibrating body  1 . Provided that the moving body  8  is made contact solely with the protrusions  1   a  of the vibrating body  1 , the protrusions  1   a  may be made flush with the vibrating body  1 . With this structure, the vibrating body  1  can be manufactured at one time by a process, such as of etching, reducing the thickness of the ultrasonic motor  100 . 
     FIG. 6 is an example that the protrusions  1   a  are in deviated positions. The protrusions are provided two in number, wherein provided equal are a distance of from a first protrusion to a first corner and a distance from a second protrusion to a second corner diagonally positioned to the first corner. By thus arranging the protrusions  1   a  on a smaller amplitude side, vibration amplitude is not suppressed even by the application pressure from the pressure-applying body  6 . The increased distance from the center can increase generation torque. 
     FIG. 7 is an example that the protrusions  1   a  are shifted to a side of smaller vibration amplitude. Also in this case, it is possible to suppress the vibration amplitude from decreasing due to application pressure. 
     Although the vibration mode having one node was used herein, a vibration mode having a plurality of nodes parallel with this node may be utilized. Also, a vibration mode having a node circle may be utilized. 
     &lt;Embodiment 2&gt; 
     Next, explanation is made on another embodiment of the present invention. 
     Because the ultrasonic motor is not different in basic structure from FIG. 1, explanation is made on the position of protrusions  1   a  and drive method of the piezoelectric element  2 . 
     FIG. 8 is a top view of the ultrasonic motor  100  of FIG. 1 removed of the moving body  8 . 
     In FIG. 8, the vibrating body  1  oscillates a vibration wave having a node  10   c , by the piezoelectric element  2 , on a line connecting between a center of a first side of the vibrating body  1  and a center of a second side opposed to the first side. 
     The protrusions  1   a  are provided in positions off the node, e.g. on a diagonal line of the vibrating body. At this time, the protrusion  1   a  rising in a center-shaft direction displaces also in a direction of the arrow  11   e ,  11   f  (in a direction perpendicular to a diagonal line  10   c ). Accordingly, the moving body  3  rotates in a direction of the arrow  13 . On the other hand, if a standing wave having a node of  10   d  is oscillated, the tip of the protrusion  1   a  displaces in a direction of the arrow  11   g ,  11   h  (in a perpendicular direction to a diagonal line  10   d ). Accordingly, the moving body  3  rotates in a direction of the arrow  12  reverse to the arrow  13 . 
     By thus having two protrusions  1   a  and providing them on the diagonal line, the ultrasonic motor  100  becomes constant in output characteristic regardless of rotational direction of the moving body  8 . The protrusions  1   a  may be provided anywhere provided that they are in positions off the node, and the protrusion  1   a  may be one in number. 
     The electrode structure of the piezoelectric element  2  used in this embodiment may be in the form shown in FIG.  3 . In such a case, if a drive signal is applied between the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   b ,  3   d  or  3   c ,  3   e , a standing wave having a node on the diagonal line  10   c  is caused. Next, if a drive signal is applied between the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   b ,  3   c  or  3   d ,  3   e , a standing wave having a node on the diagonal line  10   d  is caused. 
     The electrode structure of the piezoelectric element  2  may use the one shown in FIG.  4 . In such a case, a vibration wave is oscillated on the vibrating body  1  by applying a drive signal between adjacent two electrodes of the four electrodes  3   f ,  3   g ,  3   h ,  3   i  in the figure. 
     For example, by applying a drive signal between the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   f ,  3   h , a standing wave having a node on the diagonal line  10   c  is caused. Next, by applying a drive signal between the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   g ,  3   i , a standing wave having a node on the diagonal line  10   d  is caused. 
     Although a vibration mode having one node was used herein, a vibration mode having a plurality of nodes parallel with this node may be utilized. Also, a vibration mode having a node circle may be utilized. 
     For example, as shown in FIG. 9, a standing wave A is oscillated having nodes  10   c ′ and  10   c ″ parallel with the node  10   c , besides the node  10   c  (although the nodes are shown by a straight line, it in actual may have a curve line). In this manner, the higher-order vibration mode having a plurality of nodes is high in electric-mechanic coupling coefficient and can obtain high output at low voltage. At this time, the protrusion  1   a  positioned off the node and belly of vibration displaces in also the direction of the arrow  11   i ,  11   j  during rising. Accordingly, the moving body  8  rotates in a direction of the arrow  12 . On the other hand, if a standing wave having nodes  10   d ,  10   d ′,  10   d ″ is oscillated, the tip of the protrusion  1   a  displaces in a direction of the arrow  11   k ,  11 l so that the moving body  8  rotates in a direction of the arrow  13  reverse to the arrow  12 . 
     The electrode structure of the piezoelectric element  2  used for driving may be the one shown in FIG.  3 . In such a case, if a driving signal is applied between the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   b ,  3   c  or the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   d ,  3   e , a standing wave is oscillated having nodes  10   c ,  10   c ′,  10   c ″. Next, if a driving signal is applied between the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   c ,  3   e  or the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   b ,  3   d , a standing wave is oscillated having nodes  10   d ,  10   d ′,  10   d ″. Also, for example as shown in FIG. 10, if a drive signal different in phase by 180 degrees is applied between the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   b ,  3   c  and the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   d ,  3   e , a standing wave is caused having nodes  10   c ,  10   c ′,  10   c ″. If a drive signal different in phase by 180 degrees is applied between the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   b ,  3   d  and the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   c ,  3   e , a standing wave is caused having nodes  10   d ,  10   d ′,  10   d″.    
     In this manner, by using the piezoelectric element  2  according to the invention, it is possible to obtain a greater output. 
     Although the vibrating body  1  herein used a square form, it may be in a rectangular form or a form having a curve surface. 
     That is, the form of the vibrating body  1  is arbitrary provided that oscillation can be made in a mode as shown in the above and an ultrasonic motor  100  can be structured. 
     &lt;Embodiment 3&gt; 
     Next, another embodiment of the invention is explained. Because the ultrasonic motor is not different in basic structure from FIG. 1, explanation is made on the position of protrusions  1   a  and the drive method of the piezoelectric element  2 . 
     FIG. 11 is a top view of the ultrasonic motor  100  of FIG. 1 removed of the moving body  3 . 
     In FIG. 11, the vibrating body oscillates, by the piezoelectric element  2 , a vibration wave having nodes  10   c  and  10   d  on a line connecting between a center of a first side of the vibrating body  1  and a center of a second side opposed to the first side and a line connecting between a center of a third side and a center of a fourth side opposed to the third side. The protrusions  1   a  are provided in positions off the node and belly. In the case that the protrusions  1   a  are provided as in FIG. 11, the tip of the protrusion  1   a  rises in a center shaft direction and displaces also in a direction of the arrow  11   m ,  11   n . Accordingly, the moving body  8  rotates in a direction of the arrow  13 . The protrusions  1   a  on principle may be anywhere provided that they are off the node and diagonal line. Also, the protrusions  1   a  may be one in number or four in each node. 
     The electrode structure of the piezoelectric element  2 , for example, may use the same as FIG.  3 . In such a case, a drive signal may be applied to the electrode in the diagonal, i.e. between the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   b ,  3   e  or between the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   c ,  3   d . Also, drive signals different in phase by 180 degrees may be applied between the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   b ,  3   d  and between the electrodes  3   a  and  3   c ,  3   e . In such a case, a vibration wave having nodes  10   c  and  10   d  is oscillated on a line connecting between a center of a first side of the vibrating body  1  and a center of a second side opposed to the first side and a line connecting between a center of a third side and a center of a fourth side opposed to the third side. Also, if the points in a diagonal, e.g. the electrodes  3   b  and  3   e  and the electrodes  3   c  and  3   d  are provided as respective sets and the two sets are given reverse in polarizing direction, the phases of the drive signals applied to the electrodes may be same. 
     Using the piezoelectric element  2  and electrodes  3   a ,  3   f ,  3   g ,  3   h ,  3   i  of FIG. 4, drive signals different in phase by 180 degrees are applied between the electrodes  3   a  and  3 I,  3   g  and between the electrode  3   a  and the electrode  3   f ,  3   a , thereby causing a vibration wave having a node on the two diagonal lines, as shown in FIG.  12 . At this time, because the protrusions  1   a  in FIG. 12 are provided in positions off the node on the two diagonal lines of the vibrating body  1 , the tips of the protrusions  1   a  rise in a center shaft direction and displaces also in a direction of the arrow  11   o ,  11   p . Accordingly, the moving body  8  rotates in a direction of the arrow  13 . 
     In this manner, according to the invention, because a vibration wave can be oscillated by the use of the piezoelectric element entirety, the ultrasonic motor  100  is increased in output. 
     Of course, a drive signal may be applied only to two opposed electrodes  3   i ,  3   g  or  3   f ,  3   h . Also, a vibration mode having a node circle as a higher mode than the above vibration mode may be utilized. 
     &lt;Embodiment 4&gt; 
     Next, an example concerning a supporting method of the vibrating body  1  is shown. 
     FIG. 13 is an example of supporting two corners  1   b  on one diagonal line of the vibrating body  1  shown in Embodiment 2. In FIG. 13, the vibrating body  1  is divided with an oscillating portion having protrusions  1   a  and a fixed portion  1   c  (hatched portion in FIG. 13) that are joined through two corners  1   b  on the diagonal line. With this structure, forming is possible at one time by etching including the support portion  1   b  and fixed portion  1   c  of the vibrating body  1 . Also, because one diagonal line is restricted, it is possible to prevent other unwanted vibration modes from occurring. In supporting the vibrating body  1  of Embodiment 3, it is satisfactory to similarly support a vicinity of nodes. 
     FIG. 14 is an example that one diagonal line of the vibrating body is fixed by a fixing body  14 . FIG. 14A is a top view and FIG. 14B is a side view. The vibrating body  1  is fixed to the support plate  4  through the fixing body  14 . Bonding may be made by adhesive, solder or the like between the vibrating body  1  and the fixing body  14  or between the fixing body  14  and the support plate  4 . Otherwise, the both may be integrally fabricated. This prevents other unwanted vibration modes from occurring and provides a strong structure against application pressure from the pressure-applying body  6 , thus enabling generation of high torque. In supporting the vibrating body  1  of Embodiment 3, it is satisfactory to similarly support it on a line having nodes. 
     &lt;Embodiment 5&gt; 
     FIG. 15 is an example that in the vibrating body of Embodiment 1 a groove is provided on the diagonal lines of the vibrating body  1 , i.e. in a position of vibration node, wherein FIG. 15A is a top view and FIG. 15B is a side view. With this structure, it is possible to reduce rigidity at the node as a fulcrum of vibration and increase vibration amplitude as well as to decrease resonant frequency. Also, unwanted vibration modes can be prevented from occurring. 
     In the case of the vibrating body  1  of Embodiment 3, a groove  1   c  may be provided on a line having nodes. Also, regardless of the groove, a similar effect can be obtained if means for reducing rigidity is provided by means of a hole or the like in part on the node. 
     &lt;Embodiment 6&gt; 
     In the case where the piezoelectric element  2  is polarization-treated after bonded to the vibrating body  1 , it is extremely effective to polarize in the same direction a polarization area comprising a plurality of electrodes as was shown in Embodiment 1, 2 and 3. 
     On this occasion, it is especially effective to form a thin, thick film comprising a piezoelectric element  2  by using a process of a sputter method, a sol-gel method, a printing method, an ion beam method, a molecular beam epitaxy method, a laser ablation method, a gas deposition method, an electrophretic method, an (MO)CVD method or the like, without using an adhesive. Although strain is caused during polarization, if polarization treatment is made in different directions in a same plane, strain differs in direction causing complicate deformation in the vibrating body  1  bonded with the piezoelectric element  2 . Due to this, the contact between the vibrating body  1  and the piezoelectric body  2  becomes uneven thus causing lowering in motor characteristics. Also, large strain is caused in the boundary where polarization direction changes resulting a fear of causing a problem of stripping in a joint portion between the piezoelectric element  2  and the vibrating body  1 . Contrary to this, the above problem can be suppressed by making all the polarization directions as a same direction and making even the strain. A similar effect is obtained where polarization is made after joining the piezoelectric element  2  using an adhesive. However, because the adhesive absorbs somewhat the strain upon polarization, the effect is greater where direct joining is made without using an adhesive. 
     For example, by making same all the polarization directions as was shown in Embodiment 2 or 3 and applying two signals whose application voltage signals are changed in phase by 180 degrees, it is possible to generate vibration similar to the case the polarization direction is changed. 
     In the meanwhile, where a process of a sputter, sol-gel method or the like is used in this manner, the electrode  3   a  is not necessarily needed. If the vibrating body  1  is a conductor, the vibrating body  1  can serves also as an electrode of the piezoelectric element  2 . 
     Also, the electrode  3  form, the vibrating body  1  form and the like are not limited to those shown in the invention but may be anything provided that the piezoelectric driver has a piezoelectric element  2  having a plurality of electrodes. Accordingly, an actuator, sensor, transformer, filter having a piezoelectric element  2  and the like are included in a category of the present embodiment. 
     &lt;Embodiment 7&gt; 
     FIG. 16 shows a block diagram of Embodiment 7 that the invention is applied to an electronic apparatus having an ultrasonic motor. 
     An electronic apparatus  200  having an ultrasonic motor is realized by comprising a vibrating body  1  bonded with a piezoelectric element  2  processed by a predetermined polarization treatment, a moving body  8  to be driven by the vibrating body  1 , a pressure-applying body  6  to pressure-contact between the vibrating body  1  and the moving body  8  to be driven by the vibrating body  1 , a transmission mechanism  14  to operate by interaction with the moving body  8 , and an output mechanism  15  to move based on operation of the transmission mechanism  14 . 
     Herein, the transmission mechanism  14  uses, for example, a transmission wheel such as a gear or a friction wheel. The output mechanism  15  uses, for example, in a camera a shutter drive mechanism and lens drive mechanism, in an electronic timepiece a hand drive mechanism and calendar drive mechanism, and in an optical device a filter drive mechanism and mirror drive mechanism, and the like. 
     The electronic apparatus  200  having an ultrasonic motor is to be applied for, for example, electronic timepiece, measuring instruments, cameras, printers, printing machines, machine tools, robots, transfer machines, medical equipment, optical devices, information apparatuses and the like. 
     Incidentally, if an output shaft is attached to the moving body  8  to provide a structure having a power transmission mechanism to deliver torque from the output shaft, a drive mechanism can be realized by a single ultrasonic motor. 
     As explained above, according to the ultrasonic motor of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a vibration component required for driving the moving body regardless of the plate thickness of the vibrating body and reducing the thickness of the vibrating body and further the ultrasonic motor overall. Also, because the resonant frequency of the vibrating body can be decreased, a great amplitude can be obtained even if made smaller, thus realizing an efficient ultrasonic motor. Also, restriction of a driving circuit due to allowable frequency and the like can be reduced, and consumption power can be decreased. 
     Also, driving is electrically possible on a single-phase signal. Further, where switching a rotation direction, by providing a plurality of electrode on the piezoelectric element on the vibrating body and selecting an electrode to which a drive signal is applied, the position of a node of vibration oscillated on the vibrating body can be moved to vary the rotation direction of the moving body, hence easily realizing drive by a self-oscillating circuit. 
     Furthermore, because the vibrating body is quadrilateral in shape, a multiplicity of vibrating bodies can be formed at one time by dicing or the like. Even if blanking is made using a press or the like, material can be effectively utilized without leaving the remainder. 
     Also, in the piezoelectric driving body including an ultrasonic motor of the invention, the polarizing directions of the piezoelectric element having a plurality of electrode portions are all made in the same direction. Due to this, for example, it is possible to suppress or make even deformation caused where polarization is made after the piezoelectric element is bonded to the vibrating body. The contact situation with the moving body contacting the vibrating body becomes favorable, making it possible to prevent lowering of efficiency and decrease the variation between individual products. By polarizing the entire piezoelectric element in the same direction at one time, polarization is favorably provided thus making it possible to obtain a large drive force at lower voltage from the piezoelectric vibrating body. 
     Also, by providing an ultrasonic motor or piezoelectric driving body of the invention on an electronic apparatus, it is possible to realize the reduction of size, thickness and consumption power for the electronic apparatus.