Abstract:
A solid-state laser emitting material for use in conjunction with a light source includes a polymer matrix functioning as host materials, containing laser dye of rhodamine 590 or rhodamine 610 as gain materials and nano-submicron particles as scatters therein. The lowest lasing threshold of the laser emitting material is approximately 5 mJ/cm 2  for 585 nm emission and 2 mJ/cm 2  for 630 nm emission.

Description:
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 11/244,399 filed Oct. 6, 2005 now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present application relates to laser emitting devices, method for making the same and use thereof. 
     2. Background of the Invention 
     Random laser devices have been known in the art For example, C. Zacharrakis, “Random lasing following two-photon excitation of highly scattering gain media Applied Physics Letters,” 81, 2511 (2002) discloses the use of a femtosecond pulse laser at the wavelength of 800 nm to two-photon excite Coumarin 307 colloid solution to obtain 480 blue emission. B. Raghavendra Prasad, et al, “Lasing in active, sub-mean-free path-sized systems with dense, random, weak scatterers,” Applied Optics, 36, 7718 (1997), discloses yellow emission by using a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser to pump colloid solution containing Rhodamine 590 perchlorate and polystyrene microspheres. S. John et al, “Theory of lasing in a multiple-scattering medium,” Phys. Rev. A, 54, 3642 (1996), H. Cao, “Lasing with resonant feedback in random media,” Physica B, 338, 215. (2003) and H. Cao, et al, “Transition from amplified spontaneous emission to laser action in strongly scattering media,” Physical Review E 61, 1985 (2000) have disclosed red emission in colloid solutions. 
     The above-mentioned-laser devices are in a generally liquid format. A skilled person in the art would appreciate that stimulated emission from polymeric solids is much more attractive in terms of applications, stability and cost However, up to now, very few workable polymeric systems have been reported. R. M. Balachandran, et al, “Laser action in polymeric gain media containing scattering particles,” Applied Optics 35, 640 (1996) and Y. Ling, et al. “Investigation of random lasers with resonant feedback,” Physics Review A 64, 063808-1 (2001) disclose red emission in PMMA at a threshold of 15 mJ/cm 2 . 
     However, the relatively high threshold of Balachandran and Ling&#39;s laser devices may restrict its applicability. 
     Furthermore, laser devices have been used in various applications such as for therapy purposes. For example, laser devices with wavelengths of 532 nm, 690 nm and 755 nm are known for their effect to eliminate or reduce black flecks, and a 585 nm laser can clean the red flecks, improve the skin properties and prevent aging. Exemplary applications of laser devices have been disclosed in various prior patents or patent publications, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,625,456, entitled “Optical sources having a strongly scattering gain medium providing laser-like action” and issued to Nabil M. Lawandy on Apr. 29, 1997; PCT publication no. WO04026586A1, entitled “Random laser image projector system and method” filed by Timothy, J Miller on Sep. 16, 2003; U.S. Pat. No. 6,391,022, entitled “Ultra long pulsed dye laser device for treatment of ectatic vessels and method therefore” and issued to Furumoto et al on May 21, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,551,308, entitled “Laser therapy assembly for muscular tissue revascularization” and issued to Muller et al on Apr. 22, 2003; U.S. Pat. No. 6,126,653, entitled “Laser therapy system and method of cutting and vaporizing a tissue body” and issued to John H. Hajjar on Oct. 3, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 5,817,089, entitled “Skin treatment process using laser” and issued to Tankovich et at on Oct. 6, 1998; US patent publication on. 20020177844, entitled “Medical laser therapy device” and filed by Gerlach et al. on Jan. 10, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,746,473, entitled “Therapeutic laser device” and issued to Shanks et al on Jun. 8, 2004; U.S. Pat. No. 6,312,451, entitled “Low level laser therapy apparatus” and issued to Jackson Streeter on Nov. 6, 2001; EP patent publication no. 1281378A entitled “Laser therapy Apparatus” and filed by Owa et al on Apr. 9, 2001. 
     However, the threshold restrictions on the laser devices using polymeric solids may inhibit the use of such lasers in these applications as well. 
     OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 
     Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved laser device with a relatively lower threshold, or at least provide the public with a useful choice. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved laser therapy device with a relatively lower threshold, or at least provide the public with a useful choice. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to an aspect of the present invention, a solid-state laser emitting material for use in conjunction with a light source includes a polymer matrix functioning as host materials, containing laser dye of rhodamine 590 or rhodamine 610 as gain materials and nano-submicron particles as scatters therein. The lowest lasing threshold of the laser emitting material is approximately 5 mJ/cm 2  for 585 nm emission and 2 mJ/cm 2  for 630 nm emission. 
     According to a second aspect of the present invention, a laser emitting fiber for use in conjunction with a light source includes a polymer matrix functioning as host materials, containing laser dyes of rhodamine 590 or rhodamine 610 as gain materials and nano-submicron particles as scatters therein. The lowest lasing threshold of the laser emitting device is approximately 5 mJ/cm 2  for 585 nm emission and 2 mJ/cm 2  for 630 nm emission. 
     According to a third aspect of the present invention, a laser emitting textile is woven, knitted, embroidered, braided or intermingled by a plurality of laser emitting fibers and is for use in conjunction with a light source. Each fiber includes a polymer matrix functioning as host materials, containing laser dyes of rhodamine 590 or rhodamine 610 as gain materials and nano-submicron particles as scatters therein. The lowest lasing threshold of the laser emitting device is approximately 5 mJ/cm 2  for 585 nm emission and 2 mJ/cm 2  for 630 nm emission. Further, the textile includes two opposite sides, with one side coated with a reflective film. 
     According to a forth aspect of the present invention, a laser therapy device induces a laser emitting material of a laser emitting film, a laser emitting fiber, a laser emitting textile, or a combination thereof and is for use in conjunction with a light source. The laser emitting material includes a polymer matrix functioning as host materials, containing laser dyes of rhodamine 590 or rhodamine 610 as gain materials and nanosubmicron particles as scatters therein, and the lowest lasing threshold of the laser emitting device is approximately 5 mJ/cm 2  for 585 nm emission and 2 mJ/cm 2  for 630 nm emission. 
     According to a further aspect of the present invention, a laser emitting fabrics for use in conjunction with a light source, includes, normal fabrics coated with laser emitting materials. The laser emitting material includes a polymer matrix functioning as host materials, containing laser dyes of rhodamine 590 and rhodamine 610 as gain materials and nano-submicron particles as scatters therein, and the lowest lasing threshold of the laser emitting device is approximately 5 mJ/cm 2  for 585 nm emission and 2 mJ/cm 2  for 630 nm emission. 
     Other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which description illustrates by way of example the principles of the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is illustrates the peak emission intensity of an exemplary laser emitting film containing Rhodamine 590 and TiO 2  particles according to an aspect of the present invention. The inset is the log-log scale; 
         FIG. 2  shows the peak line-width of the film of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates the emission spectra of an exemplary laser emitting film doped with Rhodamine 590 and TiO 2  particles with a pumping energy density (a) 1.9 mJ/cm 2 , (b) 95 mJ/cm 2  scaled up by a factor of 10; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates the emission spectra of another exemplary laser emitting laser emitting film doped with Rh610 and TiO 2  particles pumped at (a) 0.6 mJ/cm 2  (b) 52.8 mJ/cm 2  scaled up by a factor of 10; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates the multimode laser line output above the threshold in the film containing rhodamine 590 and TiO 2  particles; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an exemplary plaster with a random laser film according to another aspect of the invention; 
         FIG. 7   a  illustrates an exemplary fiber with random laser materials; 
         FIG. 7   b  illustrates an exemplary laser emitting fiber having its ends coated with a reflective film; 
         FIG. 7   c  illustrates an exemplary laser emitting fiber having a side coated with a reflective film; 
         FIG. 7   d  illustrates an exemplary laser emitting fiber having gratings at its ends; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates an exemplary clothes pasted with exemplary laser films; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a necklace with exemplary laser emitting clusters; 
         FIG. 10  illustrates textiles with exemplary laser emitting fibers; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates fabrics coated with exemplary random laser films; and 
         FIG. 12  illustrates the textile of  FIG. 10  used as a therapy device. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     As discussed in details below, the exemplary laser emitting device embodiments of the present invention can be in the format of laser films, textiles, micro laser clusters or random laser fibers. Each includes three major components, namely, a polymer matrix as the host material (for example PMMA or PVA), gain or amplifying media or materials (for example laser dyes or conjugated polymer), and particles as scatters (for example TiO 2  or ZnO, etc). When a wide-banded flash lamp or pulsed laser pumps the gain materials of such laser emitting devices, the laser emitting devices emit monochromatic lasers with high power. By changing the gain materials, laser emission with different wavelength such as 585 nm and 610 nm can be realized. In addition, particles have scattering functions and can enlarge the path photons pass in the medium. The path increase produces Amplified Spontaneous Emission. Ordered particle distribution in the localized field act as a feedback cavity and provide random laser emission. Specifically, particles (scatters) may increase the distance a photon travels in the medium. This may increase the probability that one photon is changed into multiple photons. 
     Furthermore, with the increase of pump energy at 532 nm and 8 ns pulse to duration, a slope change and unsaturated input occurs in the linear input-output characteristics. By adjusting the output energy and laser dyes, flecks and stains in different depth and with different color can be treated. Therefore, the present invention may have applications in skin photothermolysis therapy. 
     Nano-Composites Film 
     To form an exemplary laser emitting film (not shown) according to an embodiment of the invention, firstly, 2.2 mg Rhodamine 590 or 610 and 2.4 mg TiO 2  nano-particles are mixed in 2 ml of dichloromethane until the dye is dissolved completely. Then 2 ml 13 wt % PMMA dichloromethane solution is added to the above mixture. The mixture is sonificated until a homogeneous solution was formed. A PMMA film containing Rhodamin 590 and TiO 2  particles can then be formed by cell-casting of 1 ml of the solution. 
       FIG. 1  is peak emission intensity of a PMMA film containing Rhodamine 590 and TiO 2  particles plotted against pump energy density. The inset is Its log-log curve. The lasing threshold is 5 mJ/cm 2 . This shows a laser-like characteristic.  FIG. 2  shows peak line-width of a PMMA film containing Rhodamine 590 and TiO 2  particles plotted against pump energy density. Line-width narrowing phenomenon is observed. The laser line-width is 8 nm. In  FIG. 3 , Emission spectra of PMMA film doped with Rhodamine 590 and TiO 2  particles with a pumping energy density (a) 1.9 mJ/cm 2 , (b) 95 mJ/cm 2 . A is scaled up by a factor of 10. In  FIG. 4 , the emission spectra of PMMA film doped with Rh610 and TiO 2  particles pumped at (a) 0.6 mJ/cm 2  (b) 52.8 mJ/cm 2 . The amplitude of the spectrum in a has been scaled up by a factor of 10.  FIG. 5  shows the multimode laser line output above the threshold in PMMA film containing rhodamine 590 and TiO 2  nano-particles. The light source for pumping the PMMA film is a pump laser of a double-frequency Nd:YAG laser which produced pulses of 8 ns at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. 
       FIG. 6  is an embodiment of a therapy device using the laser emitting films.  FIG. 6  shows a plaster  600  with a random laser film  601 . When the plaster  600  is placed onto the skin with flecks or stains (not shown) and is pumped by a flash lamp (not shown), the flecks can be eliminated. 
     Furthermore, a high-reflectivity mould (not shown) made of Aluminum Foil, acting as a reflector to reflect photons back to the film and to decrease the light loss, can be attached to a side of the laser emitting film to improve its laser-emitting capacities. 
     Nano-Composites Particles 
     Laser emitting particles (not shown) can also be obtained by spray drying to produce particles with random laser effect by atomizing a solution or slurry and evaporating moisture from the resulting droplets by suspending them in a hot gas. The production of dry, spherical particles from a liquid feed in a single processing step makes spray drying a unique and important unit operation. A nozzle laboratory current spray drier (not shown) equipped with a peristaltic pump (not shown) for feed fine control and cyclone collector of powder is used in this exemplary embodiment. Sampling along drying is performed under the following drying conditions: 170° C./96° C. (Inlet/outlet temperatures), volumetric airflow was 75 m 3 /h in all cases, while feed rate is 1.2 L/h and can change for each experiment. 
     Nano-Composites Fiber 
     In the production of an exemplary laser emitting fiber according to the present invention, Monomer MMA, TiO 2  particle and dye and other additive are mixed absolutely. Then ultrasonic is used to make the TiO 2  particle dispersed in the solution. Afterwards, the solution is polymerized under 50° C. for 4 hours, and then cured at 80° C. for 8 h. Further, the cured solution is spun into fibers  701 ,  703 ,  713  and  719  by using melt spinning method. 
       FIG. 7   a  illustrate such laser emitting fibers  700   w  with nano composite fiber  701  in different locations.  FIG. 7   b  illustrates another nano-composites fiber  703  with its two ends  705 ,  707  each coated with a reflective film of Aluminum  709 , 711 .  FIG. 7   c  illustrates a third nano-composites fiber  713  embodiment with its two ends  705 ,  707  and half a side surface  715  each coated with a reflective film of Aluminum  709 ,  711 ,  717 .  FIG. 7   d  illustrates yet another nano-composites fiber  719  embodiment having gratings  721 ,  723  created at its two ends  705 ,  077  for adjusting wavelength of the laser. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     The present invention may use the highly monochromatic sources (narrow spectral line-width) described thereabove to provide skin photothermolysis therapy. Various embodiments of such therapy devices can overcome the shortcomings of conventional large apparatus and expensive payment by using a film or textiles and a fiber to provide the skin therapy. For example,  FIG. 8  illustrates clothes  801  pasted with laser films  803 , which clothes can be used as therapy devices when worm by a patient.  FIG. 9  illustrates a necklace  901  with colorful laser clusters  903 .  FIG. 10  illustrates textiles  1000  with laser fibers  1001 , and  FIG. 11  illustrates the fabrics  1100  coated with random laser material  1101 . In  FIG. 12  laser or flash lamp  1200  pumps fabrics  1201  made from random laser fibers  1203  so as to emit lasers for therapy purpose.