Abstract:
An optical magnification device for varying the distance between an observer&#39;s eye ( 1 ) and an object ( 7 ), e.g., for a binocular magnifier or a microscope, in which focusing onto the object ( 7 ) is accomplished by means of progressive and/or multifocal lenses ( 3 ) displaceable perpendicular to the observation beam(s) ( 2 ).

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/342,752 filed Jan. 15, 2003, which claims priority of the German patent application 102 01 835.9, filed Jan. 18, 2002, which is incorporated by reference herein. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     The invention concerns an optical magnification device, for example a binocular magnifier or a microscope, which permits a variation in the distance between an observer&#39;s eye and an object.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]     A property often demanded for microscopes and binocular magnifiers is that the working distance of the optical device be capable of modification within a specific range, typically between 200 mm and 400 mm (also called the “focusing range”). At present, this is achieved by the fact that at least one optical element (for example, a lens element or a lens group) is shifted axially in the optical axis, bringing about a modification in focal length. This usually results in a change in overall length, cf. “Sigma Lens Catalog,” Tokyo 201, 3 pages (no publication data), obtained in year 2000.  
         [0004]     A presbyopic eye (having a lens no longer capable of accommodation) sees clearly only at one specific distance. This disadvantage is overcome by the use of eyeglasses. Lens elements in the form of a progressive lens have also recently become available. In a progressive lens, the refractive power of the corrective lens changes laterally (non-axially) over the surface of the eyeglass lens. As the eye looks through the areas of differing refractive power, for example from top to bottom, it can then see clearly at different distances despite poor accommodation. A progressive lens includes a “progression zone” through which the power of the lens changes. The rate at which the lens power changes through the progression zone is governed by the “power law” of the lens design. A power law may be linear or may be more complex to provide greater or lesser rates of change in power through different regions of the progression zone. In this regard, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,426,139.  
         [0005]     Progressive lenses used today are made of inorganic optical glass materials or of plastics, e.g. polycarbonate, etc.  
         [0006]     In the past, instead of progressive lenses, multifocal lenses that possess different zones with differing refractive powers were often used because they are easier to manufacture. These also allow the user to see clearly at different distances without accommodation by the lens of his or her own eye.  
         [0007]     It is recognized that focusing on an object by means of axially displaceable lens elements or lens groups, as in the case of conventional microscopes, binocular magnifiers, etc., is disadvantageous in terms of the following aspects: 
        a) Changes in overall length.     b) Greater weight because of greater overall length.     c) Complex design solutions in some cases, if focusing is to occur in “open space,” i.e., without a fixed housing having the corresponding mechanisms, for example in a binocular magnifier.     d) Lens groups are difficult to exchange, and the range of application for binocular magnifiers or microscopes is therefore limited.        
 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0012]     It is therefore the object of the present invention to create a device which permits focusing on an object without axial shifting of lens elements and/or lens groups.  
         [0013]     This object is achieved by the use of a progressive lens, known per se, in or on the binocular magnifier or in or on the microscope.  
         [0014]     This technical innovation is based on the principle of conventional progressive eyeglasses, cf. the brochure entitled “Zeiss Brillengläser 1985 [Zeiss eyeglasses 1985],” Document no. 20-955-d, I/85, January 1985.  
         [0015]     If a progressive lens (described therein) is moved in front of or behind an optical instrument, focal length modification is thus obtained. In order to bring about the focal length modification, the movement of the lens is accomplished approximately perpendicular to the optical axis—in contrast to the known methods with axial shifting of the lens elements. For practical reasons, the progressive lens should be used in the closest possible proximity to the pupil. This also makes possible easy exchangeability of the progressive lens, thus creating different ranges of application.  
         [0016]     Further possible applications are, for example, eyepieces, binoculars, telescopes, photographic lenses, and many other optical instruments that require focusing, focal length modification, or working distance modification.  
         [0017]     The invention utilizes progressive lenses known per se, but for a different purpose, i.e., not for the correction of defective vision but for modification of the focal length of an optical magnification device.  
         [0018]     The following improvements are obtained by way of the device described herein: 
        Short overall lengths;     Low weight.     Usability in all optical instruments that require focusing, focal length modification, or working distance modification.       
 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0022]     The invention will be explained in more detail, by way of example, with reference to the figures in which:  
         [0023]      FIG. 1  shows a first embodiment of an optical device according to the present invention for distance variation (binocular magnifier);  
         [0024]      FIG. 2  shows a second embodiment according to the present invention (microscope). 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0025]     In  FIG. 1 , light emitted or reflected by object  7  is directed via a binocular magnifier  5 , joined by immovable connection  6 , to two progressive lenses  3 , guided together by common guidance system  4 , which are arranged in the optical axis  2  of each of the observer&#39;s eyes  1 . Light incident on progressive lenses  3  is refracted thereat and deflected to observer&#39;s eyes  1 .  
         [0026]     In order to achieve a focal length modification or a variation in the distance between observer&#39;s eye  1  and object  7 , progressive lenses  3  are arranged displaceably in the lateral (non-axial) direction. In the context of stereoscopic viewing, the two progressive lenses  3  are displaced in parallel fashion. For that purpose, they are immovably connected to one another by common guidance system  4 , in the context of binocular magnifier  5  shown here.  
         [0027]     The entire system is embodied, for example in the application depicted here for a binocular magnifier, as an eyeglass frame; adjustment of the progressive lenses can be performed manually, by way of a drive system, or also in motorized fashion.  
         [0028]     Instead of the up-and-down movement of progressive lenses  3 , displacement can also occur on a circular arc segment in accordance with spherical double arrow  11 , shown in  FIG. 1 ; all that must be achieved, according to the present invention, is that zones of differing refractive power are successively pivoted in front of the pupil of the optical instrument (for example, in front of binocular magnifier  5 ). The invention of course also encompasses lateral (non-axial) displacement movements of progressive lenses  3 . The progression zone of progressive lens  3  may be characterized by a substantially linear power law, or by a more complex non-linear power law.  
         [0029]      FIG. 2  schematically depicts an optical device according to the present invention for distance variation, with reference to the example of a microscope.  
         [0030]     Light striking the shared main objective  8  is refracted thereat and deflected to respective progressive lenses  3  (cf. double arrows  12 ), which are displaceable in a direction perpendicular to optical axes  2  of the two observation beams and are each located between main objective  8  and zoom  9 . The light beams refracted at progressive lenses  3  are conveyed via zoom  9  to eyepiece tube  10 .  
         [0031]     A displacement of progressive lens  3  perpendicular to optical axis  2  of the observation region results in differing focal values (from observer&#39;s eye  1  to object  7 ).  
         [0032]     The invention is not limited to stereoscopic beam paths, but rather is suitable also for monocular optical systems.  
         [0033]     As a variant of the invention, as already mentioned, it is also possible to use a multifocal lens (which results in discontinuous focal ranges) instead of the progressive lens, or to use a combination of the two.  
         [0034]     While the invention has been described in connection with certain embodiments, the description is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the particular forms set forth, but, on the contrary, it is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.  
       PARTS LIST  
       [0000]    
       
         
           
               1  Observer&#39;s eye(s)  
               2  Optical axis/axes of the two observation beams  
               3  Progressive lens  
               4  Common guidance system  
               5  Binocular magnifier  
               6  Immovable connection  
               7  Object  
               8  Main objective  
               9  Zoom  
               10  Eyepiece tube  
               11  Spherical double arrow (displacement on a circular arc segment)  
               12  Double arrow (displacement)  
               13  Motorized drive system  
               14  Autofocus system  
               15  Control unit