Abstract:
The invention is a method of protectively packaging one or more articles in a container utilizing a foam cushion as a protective medium for the article or articles within the container. The method comprises providing a foam cushion forming station wherein cushions are successively formed from plastic film material formed into bags which are moved vertically downwardly with a predetermined amount of a foamable composition deposited in the bags for thereafter substantially filling the bag as the composition foams. Open-topped containers with one or more articles present therein are successively moved in a predetermined pat of travel to and beneath the foam cushion forming station. A cushion from the foam cushion forming station is dropped into each container successively positioned therebeneath before the foamable composition in the cushion has completely formed, and with the leading lower end of each dropping cushion oriented to extend transversely of the path of travel of the container to facilitate laying the cushion over the article or articles present in the container. Finally, the containers are successively closed and sealed before the foamable composition forming the cushion in each container has completely formed.

Description:
This application is a division of application Ser. No. 121,223, filed Nov. 16, 1987, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,800,708. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the manufacture, filling and sealing of plastic bags from stock material and is particularly directed towards the formation of foam-in-place packaging cushions. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Forming protective packaging for various articles of different sizes and shapes is a common problem in the packaging industry. In many circumstances, various articles of different sizes and shapes have to be packaged within generally square or rectangular packing cartons for handling and shipment. When the size and shape of the article to be packaged varies from such rectangular or square shapes, a typical solution is to include some sort of cushioning material to fill up the otherwise empty space represented by the difference in shape of the article and that of the container. 
     In one such prior packaging method, the cushioning material comprises a loose, friable material which is poured into the package to completely surround the articles. In another method, the articles are wrapped in sheets of cushioning material. Still another method currently in use involves foam-in-place packings, wherein a package which comprises a plastic bag containing a foamable composition, is placed in the carton so as to surround the product. The foam thereafter expands in the bag and hardens. Foamable compositions of this type are well known in the art, and they are also referred to as foaming agents or foam precursors. Generally these materials are a combination of polymeric materials and either gases or gas-generating compounds. When properly mixed and distributed, gases permeate the polymeric materials, forming the resulting foam. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,674,268 to Gavronsky et al, and which is commonly owned with the present invention, discloses an apparatus for automating the fabrication of foam filled bags of the above described type. In particular, the apparatus disclosed in this prior patent advances a supply of plastic tubing, transversely heat seals the tubing to form individual bags, forms slits across each bag, opens the bags at the slits, and then inserts an injection cartridge laterally into the slits for filling each bag with the desired foamable composition. Also, the seal across the top of each bag may have interruptions, to permit the gas generated during foam formation to escape without disturbing the integrity of the bag. 
     While the Gavronsky et al apparatus represents a significant improvement over the prior essentially manual bag forming procedures, certain disadvantages remain. In particular, the requirement that the apparatus slit the plastic tubing, then open the bag, and then laterally insert a nozzle and inject the foamable composition into the bag necessitates a rather complicated mechanical system. Also, it is difficult to insure that all of the foamable composition enters the bag, and spillage is a common problem. 
     It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for forming foam cushions of the described type, and which avoids the above noted disadvantages of the prior art systems. 
     It is a more specific object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for successively forming foam cushions, and which simultaneously fills and fabricates the bags from a pair of webs of plastic film, and which substantially eliminates spillage of the foamable composition. 
     It is also an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for forming foam cushions and which is of relatively simple structural design, and which is able to provide gas ventilation openings in each bag by a simple procedure. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for forming foam cushions which is easily adapted for use in a totally mechanized operation for packaging one or more articles in a container. 
     These and other objects and advantages of the present invention are achieved in the embodiments illustrated herein, by the provision of a method and apparatus which includes advancing a pair of webs of plastic film along predetermined paths of travel from respective supply sources, and including guiding the advancing webs into opposing face-to-face contact at a first heat sealing station. At the heat sealing station, the opposing longitudinal side edges of the advancing webs are heat sealed to each other. Periodically, a predetermined amount of a foamable composition is introduced between the pair of webs of plastic film, and so as to be deposited in each bag being formed. Also, the heat sealing of the pair of webs is periodically and momentarily interrupted along at least one of the side edges during the advance of the webs through the first heat sealing station, so as to form at least one unsealed side edge opening for each bag. Finally, the advancing webs are advanced to a second heat sealing station and transversely heat sealed upstream of the unsealed side edge portions, to form a sealed top edge for each successive bag of foamable composition and including severing each bag from the next succeeding bag while forming a sealed bottom edge for the next succeeding bag. 
     The advance of the pair of webs from the respective supply sources includes advancing the webs in a generally downward direction and in an opposing and converging relationship, and the predetermined amount of foamable composition is introduced from a discharge location which is between the converging webs and in close proximity to the point at which the webs initially contact each other. By this arrangement, the converging webs serve to funnel the foamable composition into the resulting bag to thereby minimize splashing and spillage. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Some of the objects and advantages of the present invention having been stated, others will appear as the description proceeds, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a packaging production line which embodies the features of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the second embodiment of a packaging production line embodying the present invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of still another packaging production line embodying the features of the present invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a partly sectioned and schematic side elevation view of the drive roll means and the first and second heat sealing means of the invention; 
     FIG. 5 is a fragmentary plan view of the advancing means shown in FIG. 4; 
     FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5 and illustrating the first and second heating means of the apparatus; 
     FIG. 7 is a sectioned side elevation view of the drive roll means and heating means as shown in FIG. 4; 
     FIGS. 8-10 are views similar to FIG. 7, and showing the heating means respectively in a first operative position, a second non-operative position, and a third position wherein the transverse heating means is operative; 
     FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the web advancing and heat sealing means of the invention; 
     FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a foam filled bag produced in accordance with the present invention; and 
     FIG. 13 is a sectional view illustrating a closed container and supported article, and which includes a pair of foam filled packaging cushions produced in accordance with the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring more particularly to the drawings, FIGS. 4-11 illustrate a preferred embodiment of an apparatus for successively forming foam cushions in accordance with the present invention. In the illustrated embodiment, the apparatus is generally indicated at 10, and it comprises a frame which mounts a pair of horizontally directed and laterally spaced apart spindles 12 for rotatably supporting a pair of supply rolls 13 of a suitable plastic web W. Typically, the plastic webs W may be between about 12 and 18 inches in width, and the webs may comprise a single ply high density polyethylene having a thickness of about 0.75 mils. 
     The webs W are advanced from the supply rolls 13 by drive roll means 15 which define a nip for receiving the webs therebetween, and for guiding the advancing webs downwardly in a converging relationship and into opposing face-to-face contact at the nip. The drive roll means 15 comprises a first pair of coaxially aligned drive rollers 16, 16&#39; mounted for rotation about a first horizontal axis on one side of the nip, and a second pair of coaxially aligned idler rollers 18, 18&#39; mounted for rotation about a second horizontal axis which is parallel to the first axis and is located on the other side of the nip. Each of the rollers of each pair is aligned across the nip with a roller of the other pair. The pair of drive rollers 16, 16&#39; are preferably fabricated from a rubber-like material, and they are rotated by a motor 19, which is in turn controlled by the program controller 20 as schematically illustrated in FIG. 4. 
     The pair of idler rollers 18, 18&#39; of the drive roll means are preferably fabricated from metal having a knurled surface, and they are mounted on an axle 21 which in turn is supported by a pair of posts 22 as best seen in FIGS. 7 and 11. Each post 22 is composed of two components 22a, 22b which are pivotal relative to each other about the pivotal axis 23, and the lower component 22b is fixedly mounted to a fixed frame member 25. Also, a spring 26 is positioned between the two components 22a, 22b to bias the idler rollers 18, 18&#39; toward the drive rollers 16, 16&#39; across the nip. Thus the two pairs of rollers securely engage and advance the plastic webs through the nip upon actuation of the drive motor 19. 
     A first heat sealing means is positioned along the path of travel and immediately adjacent the drive roll means for heat sealing the longitudinal side edges of the advancing plastic webs while they are in opposing face-to-face contact. This first heat sealing means comprises a pair of electrically heated rolls 28, 28&#39; positioned adjacent the nip, and as best seen in FIG. 6, the heated rolls 28, 28&#39; are rotatably mounted at the ends of coaxial shafts 29, 29&#39;, which are in turn mounted to a slideable carriage 30. The coaxial shafts 29, 29&#39; are laterally adjustable so that the respective positions of the heated rolls 28, 28&#39; can in turn be adjusted to seal bags of different widths without excessive waste along the sealed edges of the bag. Also, the heated rolls 28, 28&#39; are laterally positioned so as to be aligned across the nip with respective ones of the drive rollers 16, 16&#39;, and so that the drive rollers serve as back-up rollers for the heated rolls 28, 28&#39;. 
     The carriage 30 is mounted to the frame of the apparatus 10 for movement between a first operative position as seen in FIG. 8, and wherein the heated rolls 28, 28&#39; are positioned to engage the side edges of the advancing webs W and effect sealing, and a second position, as shown in FIG. 9 wherein the heated rolls are laterally spaced from the advancing webs. The slideable movement of the carriage is effected by a small reversible motor 32, which is operatively connected to a lead screw 33 which is connected to the carriage. 
     The carriage 30 also mounts a second heat sealing means which is positioned along the path of travel of the webs for heat sealing the webs together in the transverse direction. More particularly, the second heat sealing means comprises an electrically heated wire 35 which is mounted on the carriage so as to extend in the transverse direction. Also, the carriage 30 is adapted to be moved by the motor 32 to a third position as shown in FIG. 10, wherein the heated rolls 28, 28&#39; are laterally spaced further from the webs than in the second position, and wherein the heated wire 35 engages the webs. By appropriate design of the program controller 20, the advance of the webs is preferably terminated when the carriage 30 moves to its third position, and so that the heated wire 35 engages the webs while the webs are stationary. As a result, the heated wire severs the formed bag or cushion 38 (FIG. 12) from the next succeeding bag 38&#39; (FIG. 11) so that the formed bag drops downwardly. Concurrently, the wire 35 also forms a sealed top edge 39 of the formed bag 38 along the lower side of the severance line, while also forming a sealed bottom edge 40 of the next succeeding bag along the upper side of the severance line. Preferably, a rubber pad 41 extends along the adjacent edge of the frame member 25 as seen in FIGS. 8-10 for holding the webs in engagement with the wire when the carriage is advanced to the third position. 
     As best seen in FIG. 4, the operation of the reversible motor 32 and thus the lateral movement of the carriage 30 is controlled by the program controller 20, and by design, the program controller acts to actuate the motor 32 so that the carriage 30 periodically and momentarily moves from the first operative position to the second position during the advance of the webs and while each successive bag has passed substantially completely through the nip. As a result, each side edge of each bag includes a non-sealed ventilation opening 42, 42&#39; adjacent the eventual top edge 39, to thereby allow gas generated during foam formation to escape from within the bag, note FIG. 12. In a preferred embodiment, the openings 42, 42&#39; extend for about one inch and they are positioned about one inch from the eventual top edge of the bag. 
     The apparatus 10 of the present invention further comprises means for periodically introducing a predetermined amount of foamable composition F between the opposing webs at a location upstream of the location at which the two webs are guided into the nip, and so that the foamable composition is deposited in each bag being formed and as the webs are being advanced and sealed along the longitudinal side edges. The means for thus depositing the foamable composition comprises a nozzle 44 and pair of hoses 46, 47 which are mounted on a suitable frame immediately above the nip, with the hoses leading from a suitable source of the chemicals to the nozzle. Also, a conventional valve 48 is provided for selectively opening and closing the nozzle in accordance with the signals from the program controller 20. The nozzle 44 is located between the converging portions of the webs and in close proximity to the nip where the webs initially contact each other, so that the converging webs serve to funnel the composition F into the bag being formed to thereby minimize splashing and spillage. 
     To now describe the sequence of operations in more detail, the webs W of plastic are initially guided into and through the nip manually, with the idler rollers 18, 18&#39; being movable laterally against the force of the springs 26 to facilitate their insertion. Upon release, springs 26 move the idler rolls laterally to engage the drive rollers and grip the webs therebetween. The apparatus is then started, which results in the drive rollers being rotated, to advance the webs through the nip. Concurrently, the heated rolls 28, 28&#39; engage the opposing longitudinal side edges of the advancing webs to heat seal the side edges together. At a predetermined time as determined by the program controller 20, the nozzle 44 of the foam supply is opened, causing a predetermined amount of the foamable composition F to be introduced between the advancing pair of webs and while they are converging toward each other in the manner best seen in FIG. 4. The deposited composition passes downwardly through the nip, i.e. through the open space between the pairs of rollers 16, 16&#39; and 18, 18&#39;, and is thus deposited in the bag being formed. The amount of the composition F which is deposited is determined by the size of the bag which the apparatus has been programmed to produce, which is typically about 18 inches in length and width. 
     The program controller 20 also acts to periodically and momentarily interrupt the heat sealing along the side edges, by actuating the motor 32 to laterally shift the carriage 30 from the operative position to the second position as shown in FIG. 9, and then back to the operative position. This jogging of the carriage is timed so that the heated rolls 28, 28&#39; are separated from the webs at a location closely adjacent the resulting top edge 34 of the bag, as seen in FIG. 12, to thereby form the ventilating openings 42, 42&#39;, which permit escape of gas generated during foam formation. Next, the program controller 20 signals the motor 32 to move the carriage to the third or sealing position as shown in FIG. 10, and concurrently, to disengage the motor 19 and thus terminate the advance of the webs. As noted above, this results in the electrically heated wire 35 engaging the stationary webs, to sever the formed bag 38 from the next succeeding bag, while also forming a sealed top edge 39 for the formed bag and a sealed bottom edge 40 for the next succeeding bag. It will also be noted that during this severing operation, the heated rolls 28, 28&#39; are separated from the side edges of the webs so as to not overly heat the side edges while the webs are stationary. After a predetermined time delay, the carriage 30 is returned to the operative position and the drive motor 19 is engaged, and the above cycle is repeated to form another foam filled bag. 
     FIGS. 1-3 illustrate three different embodiments of a packaging production line for protectively packaging one or more articles in each of a series of containers 50, and which includes the above described apparatus 10 for forming foam bags or cushions 38 which are utilized in the packaging. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the production line includes a conveyor 52 which is driven by a suitable motor 53, and which serially advances open top containers 50 from a feeding station to a position immediately below a first cushion forming apparatus 10a, then to an article loading station, and then to a position immediately below a second cushion forming apparatus 10b. Thereafter, the container 50 is delivered to a box closing and sealing station. The conveyor controls by which the containers are thus advanced are conventional, as are the constructional details of the article loading station and the box closing and sealing station. Thus these components will not be further described herein. 
     At each of the first and second cushion forming apparatus 10a and 10b, a foam cushion 38 is dropped directly from the apparatus and into the container 50 before the foamable composition in the cushion has completely foamed. Also, it will be seen that the leading lower edge 40 of each dropped cushion is oriented to extend transversely of the path of travel of the container, to thereby facilitate laying the cushion over the article or articles which may be present in the container. Thus in the embodiment of FIG. 1, a cushion 38 from the first apparatus 10a is dropped into each container successively positioned therebeneath, and while the container 50 is empty. The articles A to be packaged are then deposited in each container on top of the formed cushion 38, and so that the articles A deform the cushions into a surrounding and conforming relationship with respect to the lower portion of the article A. A second cushion 38 from the second apparatus 10b is then dropped into each container upon the articles being packaged, and this second cushion is deformed into a surrounding and conforming relationship with the upper portion of the article during the closing and sealing of the container. Thereafter the foam of both cushions expands to further surround the articles, and the foam then hardens. As a result, a supporting and protective, relatively rigid foam cushion is positioned both below and above the articles being packaged, as indicated schematically in FIG. 13. 
     In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the open top containers 50 are moved along the conveyor 52 beneath a single foam cushion forming apparatus 10 where a first cushion 38 is dropped into each container. The container then moves rearwardly to an article depositing station where an article A is placed in the container, and then they are again moved forwardly to the foam cushion forming apparatus 10 where a second cushion is deposited upon the article. The container then continues to the closing and sealing apparatus before the foamable composition in the two cushions in each container has completely foamed. 
     The embodiment of FIG. 3 is similar to that of FIG. 2 in the sequence of operation, but the containers are moved laterally with respect to the conveyor 52 from the foam cushion forming apparatus 10 to the article depositing apparatus, and then back to the foam cushion forming station where it receives a second cushion which is dropped onto the top of the articles A being packaged. The container then advances to the closing and sealing station as described above. 
     In the drawings and specification, preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, and although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.