Abstract:
A technique for downloading multiple objects from at least one server in an accelerated manner. Typically, in a TCP/IP environment, a client is limited in the number of sockets that can be opened for a single server. A spoofer ( 410 ) is utilized to intercept traffic between the server and the client and modify the traffic so that from the client&#39;s perspective, it appears as though objects from a single server are actually being sourced from multiple servers. Thus, the client is able to open additional sockets to receive objects from the server thereby allowing for a parallel download of the objects. This greatly reduces the amount of time necessary to download the objects.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application for patent filed on Feb. 6, 2004, and assigned Ser. No. 10/486,393, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,398,314, which is an application filed under 35 USC 371 thereby claiming priority through PCT application No. PCT/IL02/00654 to the U.S. Provisional Application for Patent filed on Aug. 8, 2001, assigned Ser. No. 60/310,895 and entitled “A SYSTEM AND A METHOD FOR ACCELERATING COMMUNICATION, WHICH IS USING TCP/IP” the contents of both being hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the field of data communications and, more specifically, to the enhancement of perceived data throughput in a server/client communications system. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In recent years the global data communication network known as the Internet has experienced explosive growth. In conjunction with this growth, there has also been a substantial increase in the number of private networks that use protocols and standards similar to those used on the public Internet (i.e., Intranets). These Intranets are typically used by corporations and authorized users for the sharing of data and resources and utilize a Gateway (GW) as an interface between the Intranet and the Internet. Presently, many users of these Intranet networks and the Internet are experiencing severe communication constraints due to the inefficient handling of existing protocols and the overload of the network. 
     The Internet or Intranets are typically configured to utilize either the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) or User Datagram Protocol Internet Protocol (UDP/IP) to establish the communication between a client that is using a Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Internet browser and HTTP servers, FTP servers or the like. 
     During typical operation of the Internet, a web server (such as an HTTP server) receives a content request from a client. The web server can respond to a client&#39;s HTTP request by transmitting a presentation language document to the client. The “presentation language” (or also referred to as P/L) document, regardless of the format and markup language used, defines the web page layout, fonts and graphic elements Active-X controls, JAVA scripts or applets, as well as the hypertext links to other web pages, sites or functions. Each link contains the URL (Universal Resource Locator), or address, of a web page on the same server or on any other server connected to the Intranet or the Internet. 
     The technical and functional aspects of HTTP, HTML and other P/L formats should be well known to those skilled in the art and, additional information on these subjects can be obtained by reviewing the “Internet Engineering Task Force” site that is accessible at the following URL: http://www.ietf.org. 
     From now on the discloser of the present invention refers to HTML as an exemplary P/L. 
     A client, upon receiving an HTML page from a server, parses the HTML page and opens TCP connections to the hosting computers of the different objects. The communication protocols put limitations on the number of concurrent connections that a client&#39;s browser can open per host. For example, HTTP 1.1 limits the browser to two connections per host. HTTP 1.0 limits the browser to four connections per host. Therefore, if a source of several objects is the same host, the browser, in case of HTTP 1.1, can open only two connections at a time and requests those objects as sequential pairs of objects, a pair after the other, via these two connections. Sequential download of objects is not efficient, since a download of an object consist of two periods: (1) the negotiation time and (2) the object sending time. The negotiation time, at the sever side, is the time from sending the last bit of the previous object until the time of receiving the first bit of the following request. During this period, the server does nothing for the client. In a process of downloading a common page in a common Bandwidth (BW) of 1.5 KBps and objects with average size 1.2 KB, the negotiation time takes about 25% of the total time.  FIG. 1  is a time diagram illustrating such a common download time of 8 objects using HTTP 1.1 with two TCP connections (TCP 1 &amp; TCP 2) at a time between the client and the host. The negotiation time for the first and the second objects is between T0 to T1 (about 3 time units), then the transmitting of the first two objects is the time between T1 to T2 (about 10 time units). At the end of the transmitting of the first two objects a negotiation for the next two objects starts on T2 until T3 subsequently the transmitting of the two objects that took the time between T3 to T4 and this process continues to the end of the last two objects. The total time is about 52 time units. The size of a time unit depends on the properties of the network and it may be in the range of few milliseconds to few hundreds of milliseconds. 
     Using the same BW of the network but increasing the number of TCP connections to 8 connections enables the simultaneous download of these 8 objects and eliminates the negotiation time before each object. The download of each object will be longer than before (about 40 time units, due to the usage of the same BW) but the total download time of all 8 objects will be shorter (about 42 time units).  FIG. 2  is a time diagram illustrating the same download of 8 objects using HTTP 1.1 but this time with 8 TCP connections. 
     Therefore there is a need for a system and a method that can reduce the download time of web based data by reducing the portion of the negotiation time. Such a system can increase the speed of the communication. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a system and a method that allows downloading of several objects in parallel from the same server to the same client. One aspect of the present invention operates to spoof the client&#39;s browser and thereby trick the client&#39;s browser into believing that the source of the several objects is not the same host but several different hosts. Thus, the client&#39;s browser may open more than two connections in parallel and download more than two objects simultaneously from the same host. The present invention handles the traffic between the Intranet and the Internet while passing via the GW. The present invention modifies the information that is coming from the Internet to the Intranet and re-modifies the information, that is coming from the Intranet, to the original information. Using this approach the present invention keeps the traffic between the GW and the Internet without any modifications. Therefore the present invention is transparent to the server on the Internet and to the client on an Intranet. 
     In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, one or more aspects of the invention may be implemented within a software program running at the application level of the GW computer. The present invention may operate to control the communication between the Intranet clients via the GW to the Internet. This aspect of the present invention operates to parse chunks, packets, or blocks of data. If a chunk is an HTML response from a server to a client located on the Intranet, this aspect of the present invention will operate to modify the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) of the object in such a way that each object gets a different source address—a fake address that does not really exist. Performing this operation results in tricking the client&#39;s browser into believing that the objects of the HTML page are being sourced from more than on host (i.e., are spread over several hosts). The number of fake addresses that are utilized can depend on the bandwidth (BW) that is dedicated to the client. In a typical embodiment, four fake addresses per an HTML page is a typical configuration. Utilizing four fake addresses results in allowing eight parallel connections between the client and the same web server. 
     In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the correct address and the appropriate fake address is stored within a table. The correct address can then be recalled prior to sending a request to the Internet, and the request can be converted back to its original configuration—one with valid URLs rather than fake addresses. 
     In another exemplary embodiment, a marker code may be added at the end of the faked address a marker code and then the original address instead of using the previous table. 
     During receiving a request from a client, the present invention parses the URL of the request and if the present invention recognizes that the request is with a fake address the present invention corrects, re-modifies, the URL to the right one and transfers the request to its original destination via the Internet. 
     An exemplary embodiment of the present invention selects the fake addresses from addresses, which are not yet in use. A list of addresses, which are currently not occupied, is published in IP standard RFC 791. 
     Another exemplary embodiment of the present invention selects the fake addresses from a list of addresses, which have been purchased for this purpose. 
     The present invention can be additional software residing in the GW computer or additional processor(s) connected to one or more GWs in the same site. 
     The following description refers to HTML as an exemplary “presentation language” but someone who is familiar in the art can appreciate that the invention can be used for other type of Markup Languages, such as but not limited to: XML, DHTML etc. 
     Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description of the embodiments with the accompanying drawings and appended claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a time diagram illustrating a common download of 8 objects, from the same host, using HTTP 1.1 with two TCP connections per host. 
         FIG. 2  is a time diagram illustrating the download of the same 8 objects using the same BW and HTTP 1.1, but this time with four fake addresses and two TCP connections per address. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram illustrating a general description of a typical environment in which the invention can be used. 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5   a  and  FIG. 5   b  are two parts of a flow diagram illustrating the method in which an exemplary Spoofer operates. 
         FIG. 6  is a flow diagram illustrating the method in which an exemplary Evaluation Unit evaluates an object (from step  536 / 558  in  FIG. 5   a / 5   b ). 
         FIGS. 7   a  &amp;  7   b  are flow diagrams illustrating the method in which an exemplary HPFU process an HTML page (from step  555  in  FIG. 5   b ). 
         FIG. 8  is a flow diagram illustrating the method in which an exemplary RPFU  425  processes a client&#39;s request (from step  532  in  FIG. 5   a ). 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The present disclosure presents a system, operating within a TCP based data network, to reduce the time required for downloading a plurality of objects belonging to the same page, by allowing a large number of TCP connections between a client and at least one host, which has more than two of the objects, to be opened. One embodiment of the disclosed system includes a spoofer operable to intercept a plurality of data chunks of a plurality of objects being exchanged between the client and the host. For each particular object, the spoofer creates an input buffer for storing received data chunks associated with the particular object, creates an output buffer for storing data chunks to be transmitted; creates a first socket for interfacing to the client and a second socket for interfacing to the host; and creates a structure to maintain information pertaining to the particular object. Further, for each particular data chunk received, the system identifies the object type of the data chunk; and processes the data chunk in accordance with the object type. 
     Some embodiments of the system include an HTML parse functional unit operable to parse the input buffer and examine the structure for a particular object and replace the addresses and host names in the input buffer with fake addresses and fake host names and transfer the modified data of the input buffer to the spoofer to be stored in the output buffer. In addition, such embodiments may include a request parse functional unit operable to parse the input buffer and examine the structure for a particular object and restore the data in the input buffer to the correct addresses and host names and transfer the modified data of the input buffer to the spoofer to be stored in the output buffer. 
     In some embodiments of the system, the HTML parse functional unit is operable to replace the address in the input buffer by adding a marker code to the address that can be subsequently recognized and that makes the address invalid. In addition, the request parse functional unit is operable to restore the address in the input buffer by detecting and removing a marker code in the address. 
     In some embodiments of the system, the HTML parse functional unit is operable to replace a host name in the input buffer by substituting the host name with a fake host name that has not yet been assigned and to maintain a look up table to associate the host name with the fake host name. In addition, in some embodiments the request parse functional unit is operable to restore a host name in the input buffer by substituting a fake host name with a host name that appears in the look up table and that is associated with the fake host name. 
     In some embodiments of the system, the HTML parse functional unit is operable to replace the address in the input buffer by substituting the correct address with an invalid address and maintain the relationship between the correct address and invalid address in a look up table and, wherein the request parse function unit is operative to restore the data in the input buffer to the correct addresses by extracting the correct address from the look up table and substituting the invalid address with the correct address. 
     The present disclosure also presents a method for opening a large number of TCP connections between a client and a host. The disclosed method spoofs the client that a plurality of objects, which are located on the same host, are spread over plurality of different fake hosts, whereby the client opens more connections to the real host and reduces the download time of said plurality of objects. In some embodiments, this method is transparent to the client. Further, in some embodiments the method is transparent to the web server. In some embodiments of the method, the fake location of an object indicates the real host of said object. 
     In some embodiments, the method may further manage the flow of each TCP connection of said plurality of connections from an integrated congestion management module. 
     The present disclosure also presents a method for opening a large number of TCP connections between a client and at least one host, where the method receives a presentation language document from a server in response to a request from a client, the presentation language document identifying a particular set of web content to be downloaded, the particular set of web content comprising a plurality of objects residing on the same host. Further, the method modifies the source address and the host name of at least one object so as to create the appearance that the objects, which reside on the same host, are coming from different hosts, whereby the client can open a TCP connection for each such object. 
     Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described. 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram illustrating a general environment in which the invention may be used. For example,  FIG. 3  may represent a cellular communication network. In such a cellular communication network, a client  310  can be a cellular telephone, or a laptop computer or other device connecting to the cellular network via a cellular modem, each of which is running Internet browser software or some other program to access the Internet. The gateway (GW)  320  is a server in an operator site that serves all said clients  310  and is connected via a VWB (Very Wide Bandwidth) link  330  to a data network  340 . 
       FIG. 3  may also represent a satellite communication network. In a satellite communication network, the GW  320  is located in a satellite station and the clients  310  are satellites users. 
       FIG. 3  may also represent a distribute data network, such as the Internet or an intranet. In this example, the client  310  may be any device connecting to the data network and the GW  320 . 
     One aspect of the present invention is a Fake Module (FM) that resides in or operates in conjunction with a GW  320  that is interconnected or communications with a digital network, such as the Internet. The FM operates to intercept traffic passing between clients and web servers. The reader will understand that the terms client and server are used in the generic sense to imply the role of various devices. In reality, a particular device may operate as a server and/or a client depending on the particular situation. In an illustrative example, the FM may intercept traffic between a client on an Intranet and a Web Server (WS) operating on the Internet. One aspect of the FM is the ability to change the hosting computer name and/or address, and the address of the objects. 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating the functional structure of an exemplary embodiment of a Fake Module (FM)  400 . The FM  400  includes the following logical modules: a Spoofer (SP)  410 ; an Evaluation Unit (EU)  415 ; two Parse Functional Units, one for HTML (HPFU)  420  and one for client&#39;s Request (RPFU)  425 ; a bank of Structures  430  one for each object which is currently downloaded; an Input Buffer (IB)  440  to store the portion, or the chunk, of an object which is currently downloaded and an Output Buffer (OB)  450  for the chunk being processed. 
     SP  410  acts as a transparent proxy. In operation, a client interconnected to the Intranet  405  sends packets directly to a web server interconnected to the Internet  340 . The SP  410  intercepts these packets, answers the client with the web server IP address, and creates a socket between the client  310  and the SP  410 . In addition, the SP  410  creates a socket between itself and the web server. Once the two sockets are established, the SP  410  takes data from one socket, processes the data and passes it as is or as modified to the other socket. The detailed operation of SP  410  is described in conjunction with  FIG. 5 . 
     The EU  415  receives data from the SP  410  and determines whether the data can be processed or modified. Two types of data can be modified by the present invention: (1) a Request or (2) an HTML page. Otherwise, the data is classified as UNKNOWN and the EU  415  needs additional information or date before it can analyze the type of data or the data is simply UNPARSABLE. The detailed operation of the EU  415  is described in conjunction with  FIG. 6 . 
     If the received data is an HTML page it is transferred to HPFU  420 . If the received data is a Request, the EU  415  transfers the data to the to the RPFU  425 . If the received data is neither an HTML page nor a Request, the EU  415  returns processing control to the SP  410 . 
     The HPFU  420  and the RPFU  425  modify the data and return the modified data to the SP  410 , which subsequently sends the modified data to its destination. The detailed operation of the HPFU  420  is described in conjunction with  FIG. 7  and the detailed operation of the RPFU  425  is described in conjunction with  FIG. 8 . 
     Structure  430  is a data structure and is used to store information required to keep track of the progress of an entire object be processed or modified. Upon receiving a new Request, the SP  410  generates a new structure to be associated with the new object. The SP  410  deletes the structure upon receiving a complete response to said object. When received data is to be modified, the SP  410  provides the necessary FM components, those components that will operate on the data, with the structure that belongs to the object to be modified, and every new chunk of data received. In response, the SP  410 , receives an updated structure from the appropriate FM component, together with the processed data. Upon receiving the processed data of the last chunk of the response to the object, the SP  410  deletes the corresponding structure of the object. 
     An exemplary structure utilized by an embodiment of the present invention may include but is not limited to, the following information:
         The ID number of the object, which is corresponding to the structure.   Real Host—the real name of the host of the object.   A field for the source of the object—the client or the server.   The type of the object.   A pointer to the starting address of the new chunk, the starting address of the IB.   The length of the IB.   A pointer to the starting address of the next OB, in which the modified chunk will be written.   A location in which the length of the OB will be written.   A part of the previous chunk that may be needed for processing the next chunk.   Etc.       

     The Input buffer  440  is a buffer that the SP  410  writes or stores any new chunk of data as they are received. The present invention operates to process data in the IB  440  based on the information that is stored in the appropriate structure  430 . 
     The Output buffer  450  is a buffer in which the present invention operates to store the processed data of the current chunk. SP  410  transfers the data from the OB to its destination. 
     The IB  440  and the OB  450  depend on the current chunk that is processed by the present invention and are deleted upon terminating or completing processing of the current chunk. Different chunks of the same object may have different IBs and OBs. 
       FIG. 5   a  and  FIG. 5   b  are two parts of a flow diagram illustrating a method in which an exemplary SP  410  may operate. The flow diagram  500  of SP  410  starts at step  505  when it receives  505  a new chunk of data. The new chunk of data may be a packet of data that is transferring between the Internet  340  and the Intranet  405 . At decision block  510 , the SP  410  checks whether the source is a client or a web server. If the source is the web server, processing continues at step  540  in  FIG. 5   b.    
     If the source is a client  310 , at decision block  520  the SP  410  checks whether the chunks belong to a new object. If the chunks belong to a new object, at step  523  the SP  410  provides the client  310  with the web server IP address and creates a socket between the client and the SP. Packets from a client  310  to the SP will have Source IP: client and Dest IP: web server and packets from the SP to the client will have Source IP: web server and Dest IP: client. 
     At step  523 , the SP  410  also creates a socket between the SP and the web server. Packets from the SP to the web server will have Source IP: Spoofer and Dest IP: web server and packets from the WS to the SP will have Source IP: web server and Dest IP: Spoofer. 
     After establishing the two sockets for the connection, the SP  410  ( FIG. 4 ) generates a new structure, which will be associated with said object. In an exemplary embodiment, the new structure may include information such as, but not limited to:
         The ID number of the object associated with the structure.   The real name of the host of said object.   Allocation for a field that will contain the type of the object. The EU  415  will fill this location later.   Source Field identifying the source of the object as the client.   A pointer to the starting address of the new chunk (the starting address of the IB).   The length of the current IB.   A pointer to the starting address of the OB where the modified chunk will be written.   Allocation for a field in which the length of the OB will be written.   Allocation to save part of this chunk that may be needed for processing the next chunk (this is referred to as the remainder).   Allocation for a field in which the Maximum Number Of Fake Hosts will be written (MNOFH).   Allocation for a field in which the Current Number of the Fake Host (CNFH) will be written.       

     After initiating the associated structure, the SP  410  moves the data of the new chunk into the IB  440  and, at step  536 , the SP  410  calls or passes control to the EU  415 . The operation of EU  415  in response to this call is described in conjunction of  FIG. 6 . 
     Returning to decision block  520 , if the object is not a new object, at Step  527  the SP  410  ( FIG. 4 ) reads the structure associated with the object and updates the structure with the relevant information regarding the new chunk (such as but not limited to the size of the new IB, the location for the new IB and OB etc.). Then the SP  410  moves the data of the new chunk into the IB. 
     At decision block  530 , based on the type of the object stored in the structure, the SP  410  decides how to proceed with the processing of the new chunk. 
     If the type is of the object is a Request  531 , at step  532  the SP  410  calls the RPFU  425 , which is described in conjunction with  FIG. 8 . 
     If the type is of the object is UNKNOWN  535 , at step  536  the SP  410  calls the EU  415 , which is described in conjunction of  FIG. 6 . 
     If the type is of the object is UNPARSABLE  533 , at step  534  the SP  410  moves the IB as is without any modifications to the OB. At decision block  560 , the SP  410  ( FIG. 4 ) checks whether the current chunk is the last chunk of the object. If the current chunk is the last chunk, at step  563 , the SP  410  deletes the associated structure. If the current chunk is not the last chunk, at step  566  the SP  410  saves the structure for the next chunk of the same object. In either case, processing then continues at step  570  where the SP  410  sends the OB to its destination via the socket of the current object with the appropriate IP addresses. Packets to a web server carry source IP: Spoofer; Dest IP: web server and packets to a client carry source IP: web server Dest IP: client. 
     At step  575  the SP  410  waits for a new chunk and once the new chunk is receive, the SP  410  ( FIG. 4 ) returns to step  505  to process the new chunk. The new chunk can be the next chunk of the same object or of another old object or the first chunk of a new object. 
     Returning to decision block  510 , if the source of the new chunk is the web server, the SP  410  continues processing at decision block  540  in  FIG. 5   b  where the SP  410  ( FIG. 4 ) checks whether the new chunk belongs to a new object. If the new chunk belongs to a new object, at step  545  the SP  410  generates a new structure as described above but this time the SP writes in a field that indicates the Source of the object, that the source of said object is the web server and moves the new chunk into the IB. At decision block  547 , the SP  410  checks whether the “Content-Type” field exists. If there is no “Content-Type” field, then the object is a not an HTML page, but rather may be a Response (i.e., an image). In such a case, at step  549  the Then SP  410  sets the Object Type field in the structure to UNPARSABLE and continues processing at decision block  550 . 
     If at decision block  547  the “Content-Type” field exists and its value is “text/html” or “application/x-JavaScript”, the SP  410  continues to step  558  where the EU  415  ( FIG. 4 ) is called. 
     Returning to decision block  540 , if the object is not new, at step  543  the SP  410  reads the structure, updates it as described in conjunction with step  527 , and moves the new chunk into the IB. 
     A decision block  550 , the structure is examined to ascertain the object type of the new chunk. If the object type is UNPARSABLE  552 , at step  553  the SP  410  moves the IB, as is, without any modifications, to the OB and continues processing at step  560  in  FIG. 5   a . If the object type is an HTML page  554 , then at step  555  the SP  410  ( FIG. 4 ) calls the HPFU  420  ( FIG. 4 ), which is below in conjunction of  FIG. 7 . If the object type is UNKNOWN  557 , at step  558  the SP  410  calls the EU  415 , which is described in conjunction of  FIG. 6 . 
       FIG. 6  is a flow diagram illustrating the method in which an exemplary Evaluation Unit  415  ( FIG. 4 ) evaluates an object. The operation  600  of the EU  415  starts at step  605  upon receiving an IB and a structure from SP  410 . At step  607 , the EU  415  reads the structure and moves the remainder field, if one exists, to the beginning of the input buffer. The remainder contains information from previous IB that may be needed for evaluating the current IB. For example the remainder may contain a beginning of a request e.g.: “GE”, which was found at the end of the previous IB. 
     At decision block  610 , the EU  415  determines whether the source of the object is it the web server or the client. If the source is the web server, then at step  612  the EU  415  ( FIG. 4 ) sets the object type field in the structure to HTML. Then at step  614 , the EU  415  calls the HPFU  420  ( FIG. 4 ) and transfers, the IB with the update structure, to it. The operation of the HPFU  420  is described in conjunction with  FIG. 7 . 
     At decision block  610 , if the source is the client, processing continues at decision block  618  where the EU  415  checks whether the new chunk is a Request. This check is performed by the EU  415  searching the IB for an object that has a first word that starts a request, like but not limited to: GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, TRACE, OPTIONS or CONNECT. For simplicity purposes, the description refers to GET as an exemplary representation of each of these words. If the search reaches the end of the IB without finding any of those word, or even the beginning of any of them, processing continues at step  657  where the EU  415  ( FIG. 4 ) sets the Object type to UNKNOWN, moves the IB as is to the OB and returns the updated structure and the OB to the SP  410  at step  560  in  FIG. 5   a.    
     At decision block  618 , the search has ended successfully by finding a Request or finding the beginning of a Request. At decision block  620 , the EU  415  determines if enough data has been received to evaluate the Request. If an insufficient amount of data has been received, processing continues at step  623  where the EU  415  transfers the relevant information from the IB into the remainder field of the structure and processing continues at step  657 . 
     However, if a sufficient amount of data has been received at decision block  620 , processing continues at decision block  630  where the EU determines if the Request is a fake Request (a request having a fake address). A Request can be marked as a fake using a variety of techniques. In an exemplary embodiment, a request is marked as a fake request by using a fake address with double letters at the end of the address and a fake host number. Two examples of fake requests are as follows: 
     1. GET/www.walla.co.ill/images/1.gif
         Host: 1.1.1.1       

     2. GET/www.cnn.comm/top.gif
         Host: 1.1.1.3       

     The fields, “www.walla.co.ill” or “www.cnn.comm”, are modifications of the real addresses of the host of the object ending with double letters ll or mm respectively. The real addresses are www.walla.co.ill or www.cnn.com respectively. The host address is a fake address, which is not yet in use. 
     Thus, at decision point  630 , the EU  415  decides if the request is a fake one by determining if the last two letters are the same. If it is not a fake request, e.g. the last two letters are different, processing continues at step  635  where the EU  415  sets the object type in the structure to the UNPARSABLE value, moves the IB to the OB and returns the updated structure and the OB to the SP  410  ( FIG. 4 ) at step  560  in  FIG. 5   a.    
     On the other hand, if it is a fake request, e.g. the last two letters are the same, processing continues at decision point  640  where the EU  415  ( FIG. 4 ) starts searching for a host. If the search for a host ends without finding a host, the EU  415  transfers the part of the IB, from the beginning of the request to the end of the IB, to the reminder field in the structure. Processing then continues at step  657  where the EU  415  sets the object type to the UNKNOWN value, moves the rest of the IB as is to the OB and returns the updated structure and the OB to the SP  410  at step  560  in  FIG. 5   a.    
     At decision block  640 , if the search for a host ends by finding a host or at least the beginning of a host, at step  650  the EU  415  determines if there is enough data for evaluating the host address. If an insufficient amount of data has been received, the EU  415  continues processing at step  652  where the part of the IB, from the beginning of the request to the end of the IB, is transferred into the reminder field in the structure and processing continues at step  657  as previously described. 
     At decision block  650 , if the EU  415  determines that sufficient data has been received, processing continues at decision block  660  where the EU  415  determines if the address of the host is a fake address (e.g. 1.1.1.1 or 1.1.1.3. etc.). If the address is not fake, at step  663  the EU  415  sets the object type in the structure to the UNPARSABLE value, moves the IB to the OB and returns the updated structure and the OB to the SP  663  at step  560  in  FIG. 5   a . If the address is fake, processing continues at step  665  where the EU  415  sets the object type field in the structure to the REQUEST value, and at step  667 , calls the RPFU  425  and transfers the IB with the updated structure to the RPFU  425 . 
     Other requests will not be classified as requests, since they are not requests that are addressed to fake hosts, and therefore don&#39;t need any parsing. 
     Thus, processing by the EU  415  concludes in one of four possible manners: (1) calling the HPFU  420  (step  614 ); (2) calling the RPFU  425  (step  667 ); (3) setting the object type to the UNKNOWN value and returning control to the SP  410  at step  560  to get more information that may help to evaluate the object (step  657 ), or (4) setting the object type to the UNPARSABLE value and returning control to the SP  410  at step  560  (steps  635  or  663 ). The EU  415  then waits to get a new IB, from the same object or another object, with the relevant structure. 
       FIG. 7   a  is a flow diagram illustrating a method in which an exemplary HPFU  420  processes an HTML page. The HPFU  420  ( FIG. 4 ) process  700   a  starts at step  705   a  upon receiving an IB and a structure from the SP  410  or from the EU  415  ( FIG. 4 ). At step  707   a , the HPFU  420  reads the structure, moves the remainder field, if one exists, to the beginning of the input buffer and copies the expanded IB, i.e. the remainder followed by the IB, into the OB. The remainder contains information from previous IB that may be needed for processing the current IB. 
     At step  710   a , the HPFU  420  searches the expanded IB for a reference to an object. An object may reside in the same host or the web server. For example, if the web server address is www.walla.co.il, the reference to a local object will be: 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 &lt;IMG SRC =”/dir/object”&gt; for example: 
               
               
                   
                 &lt;IMG SRC =”/images/2.gif”&gt;. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Alternatively, an object may reside in another host. For example, if the web sever address is www.walla.co.il, the reference to a remote object will be: 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 &lt;IMG SRC =”http://Real host/dir/object”&gt;, for example, 
               
               
                   
                 &lt;IMG SRC =”http://flashnetworks.com/images/2.gif”&gt;. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The HPFU  420  starts searching for the keyword SRC and then for the other fields. 
     If the search ends successfully, at decision point  711   a , the HPFU  420  examines the first field to determine whether the object is a local or remote object. If the object is a local object, then at step  716   a , the HPFU  420  modifies the reference of the object into a reference of an object that resides in a fake host. The HPFU  420  adds two fields to the reference: one for the fake host and one for the real host with the marker code at the end. An example for a marker code is doubling the last letter of the real host. For the above examples, the new fake reference will be: 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 &lt;IMG SRC =”http://fake host/real hostt/dir/object”&gt;, e.g.: 
               
               
                   
                 &lt;IMG SRC =”http://1.1.1.N/www.walla.co.ill/images/2.gif”&gt;. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The value of N in the fake address is the Current Number of Fake Hosts (CNFH), which is written in the structure. Then the HPFU  420  replaces, in the OB, the real reference with the fake one. 
     In another embodiment of the present invention, the value N can be used as a pointer to the location in a memory, in which the real address is saved. This location will be used during the re-modification stage. 
     In other embodiments other parts of the fake address may be used as a pointer to the real address. 
     At step  737   a , The HPFU  420  increases the CNFH by one and checks if the new value of CNFH is equal to the Maximum Number Of Fake Hosts (MNOFH) stored in a field in the structure. If the CNFH is equal to the MNOFH, the HPFU  420  sets value of the CNFH to one. The HPFU  420  then returns to step  710   a  for searching the next reference to an object. 
     At decision block  711   a , if the object is a remote object, then at step  735   a  the HPFU  420  modifies the reference of the remote object into a reference of an object that resides in a fake host. The HPFU  420  adds a field for the fake host and adds a marker code at the end of the real host. An example for a marker code is doubling the last letter of the real host. For the above examples the new reference will be: 
     
       
         
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 &lt;IMG SRC =”http://fake host/real hostt/dir/object”&gt;, e.g.: 
               
               
                 &lt;IMG SRC =”http://1.1.1.N/www.flashnetworks.comm/images/2.gif”&gt;. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The value N in the fake address is the Current Number of Fake Hosts (CNFH), which is written in the structure. Then the HPFU  420  replaces, in the OB, the real reference with the modified one. Processing then continues at step  737   a  as described above. 
     At step  710   a , if the search reaches the end of the IB, at step  733   a  the HPFU  420  ( FIG. 4 ) checks whether the end of the IB is in the middle of a reference to an object. If so, the HPFU  420  moves the relevant data from the OB to the remainder field in the structure—the HPFU  420  may need this information when it will get the next IB of the same object. Processing then continues at step  750   a . However, if the HPFU  420  is not in the middle of a reference to an object, the HPFU  420  moves directly to step  750   a  and returns with the modified OB and the updated structure to the SP  410  at step  560  in  FIG. 5  without using the remainder area in the structure. 
       FIG. 7   b  is a flow diagram illustrating another method in which an exemplary HPFU  420  processes an HTML page. The HPFU  420  process  700   b  starts at step  705   b  upon receiving an IB and a structure from the SP  410  ( FIG. 4 ) or from the EU  415  ( FIG. 4 ). At step  707   b , the HPFU  420  reads the structure, moves the remainder field, if one exists, to the beginning of the input buffer and copies the expanded IB into the OB. The remainder contains information from previous IB that may be needed for processing the current IB. 
     At step  710   b , the HPFU  420  searches the expanded IB for references to objects that reside in the same host, the web server. For example, if the WS address is www.walla.co.il, the search engine will look for: 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 &lt;IMG SRC =”/dir/object”&gt; e.g. 
               
               
                   
                 &lt;IMG SRC =”/images/2.gif”&gt;. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The HPFU  420  starts searching for the keyword SRC and then for the two cases. 
     If the search ends successfully, at step  716   b , the HPFU  420  modifies  716   b  the reference of the object into a reference of an object that resides in a fake host. The HPFU  420  adds two fields to the reference: one for the fake host and one for the real host with the marker code at the end. The marker code can be doubling the last letter of the real host. For the above examples the new reference will be: 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 &lt;IMG SRC =”http://fake host/real hostt/dir/object”&gt; , e.g.: 
               
               
                   
                 &lt;IMG SRC =”http://1.1.1.N/www.walla.co.ill/images/2.gif”&gt;. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The value of N in the fake address is the Current Number of Fake Hosts (CNFH), which is written in the structure. Then the HPFU  420  replaces, in the OB, the real reference with the fake one. 
     In another embodiment of the present invention the value N can be used as a pointer to the location in a memory, in which the real address is saved, this location will be used during the re-modification stage. 
     In other embodiments other parts of the fake address may be used as a pointer to the real address. 
     Processing then continues at step  718   b  where the HPFU  420  increases the CNFH by one and checks if the new value of CNFH is equal to the Maximum Number Of Fake Hosts (MNOFH), stored in a field in the structure. If the CNFH is equal to the MNOFH, the HPFU  420  sets value of the CNFH to one and then the HPFU  420  returns to step  710   b  for searching the next reference to an object on the web server. 
     If at step  710   b , the search reaches the end of the IB, at step  713   b  the HPFU  420  determines if it is in the middle of a reference to an object on the same host. If so, the HPFU  420  moves the relevant data from the OB to the remainder field in the structure and continues at step  730   b . The HPFU  420  may need this information when it will get the next IB of the same object. If the HPFU  420  is not in the middle of a reference, the HPFU  420  moves directly to step  730   b  and starts a new search on the IB but this time for a reference, which is located in another host, a remote object. 
     At step  730   b , the HPFU  420  searches the expanded IB for references to objects that reside on other hosts than the web server. For example, if the web server address is www.walla.co.il, the search engine will look for: 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 &lt;IMG SRC =”http://Real host/dir/object”&gt; , for example, 
               
               
                   
                 &lt;IMG SRC =”http://flashnetworks.com/images/2.gif”&gt;. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The HPFU  420  starts searching for the keyword SRC and then for the other cases. If the search ends successfully, at step  735   b , the HPFU  420  modifies the reference of the object into a reference of an object that resides in a fake host. The HPFU  420  adds a field for the fake host and adds a marker code at the end of the real host. The marker code may be doubling the last letter of the real host. For the above examples the new reference would be: 
     
       
         
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 &lt;IMG SRC =”http://fake host/real hostt/dir/object”&gt; , e.g.: 
               
               
                 &lt;IMG SRC =”http://1.1.1.N/www.flashnetworks.comm/images/2.gif”&gt;. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The value N in the fake address is the Current Number of Fake Hosts (CNFH), which is written in the structure. Then the HPFU  420  replaces, in the OB, the real reference with the modified one. 
     At step  737   b , the HPFU  420  increases CNFH by one and checks if the new value of CNFH is equal to the Maximum Number Of Fake Hosts (MNOFH). If the CNFH is equal to the MNOFH, the HPFU  420  sets to the value of the CNFH to one and the HPFU  420  ( FIG. 4 ) returns to step  730   b  for searching the next reference to an object. 
     If at step  730   b , the search reaches the end of the IB, at step  733   b  the HPFU  420  checks if it is in the middle of a reference to an object on host other than the web server. If so, the HPFU  420  moves the relevant data from the OB to the remainder field in the structure and processing continues at step  750   b . The HPFU  420  may need this information when it will get the next IB of the same object. If the HPFU  420  is not in the middle of a reference to an object, it returns the modified OB and the updated structure to the SP  410  at step  560  in  FIG. 5 . 
     There are at least two advantages for the above two methods:
         The results of the HPFU  420  for both type of references is the same.   The modified reference includes the real reference.       

     These two advantages simplify the operation of the RPFU. Other exemplary embodiments may use other methods for modifying the references to an object. 
       FIG. 8  is a flow diagram illustrating the method in which an exemplary RPFU  425  processes a Request. A client request from a fake host may have the following two terms: 
     GET/real hostt/dir/object 
     Host: fake address 
     For example: 
     GET/www.cnn.comm/Images/top.gif 
     Host: 1.1.1.3 
     The RPFU  425  ( FIG. 4 ) processes  800  begins at step  805  upon receiving an IB and a structure from the SP  410  or from the EU  415 . At step  807 , the RPFU  425  reads the structure, adds the remainder field, if one exists, to the beginning of the input buffer and copies the expanded IB into the OB. The remainder contains information from a previous IB that may be needed for processing the current IB. 
     At step  810 , the RPFU  425  starts searching the expanded IB for one of the words that indicate a request, for example: GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, TRACE, OPTIONS or CONNECT. This description refers to GET as an exemplary representation of each of these words. After finding the term GET, at step  812  the RPFU  425  reads a first field, which indicates the real host, re-modifies the indication to the correct host by removing the last letter (corrects the double letters into a single letter) and saves the real address in the Real Host location of the structure. 
     At step  814 , the RPFU  425  moves a second field, which indicates the location of the object in the real host, and the third field, which is the object name, over the first field and writes the corrected GET term into the OB over the old term. At the end of the above process the OB will have the following term: 
     GET/dir/object e.g. 
     GET/Images/top.gif. 
     After writing the correct sentence for the GET in the OB, at step  820 , the RPFU  425  starts searching for the word HOST. Upon finding the word HOST, processing continues at step  822  where the RPFU  425  writes, in the OB, the real address of the host, which has been stored in Real Host location in the structure, over the fake one. 
     At the end of the process the OB will contain the corrected Request with the following two terms: 
     GET/dir/object 
     Host: real host 
     For example: 
     GET/Images/top.gif 
     Host: www.cnn.com 
     At step  830 , the RPFU  425  returns the updated structure and updated OB to the SP  410  at step  560  in  FIG. 5 . 
     If in both steps  810  and  820  the RPFU  425  reaches the end of the expanded IB in the middle of a string RPFU  425  moves the relevant data from the OB to the remainder field in the structure—the RPFU  425  may need this information when it will get the next IB of the same object. 
     Other embodiments of the present invention may include, additional module not shown in the drawings, an Integrated Congestion Management Unit (ICMU). An ICMU, as is described in the art, is a TCP flow control unit that collects information from all the TCP connections between the same client/host and based on the integrated flow of all the connections determines the appropriate window size, bit rate, per each connection. Since the present invention opens a large number of TCP connections between a client and an host an ICMU may improve the performance of the present invention. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be either in the form of additional software residing in the computer of said GW or in the form of additional processors, which serve one or more GWs located on the same site. 
     The present invention has been described using detailed descriptions of modules that are provided by way of example and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Some embodiments of the present invention may comprise different modules for example another embodiment may use a single parsing FU that modifies both objects Request and HTML pages. Another example may use one module with several routines. Another example may use a single buffer instead of the IB and the OB, and modifies the single buffer etc. 
     In the description and claims of the present application, each of the verbs, “comprise” “include” and “have”, and conjugates thereof, are used to indicate that the object or objects of the verb are not necessarily a complete listing of members, components, elements or parts of the subject or subjects of the verb. 
     The present invention has been described using detailed descriptions of embodiments thereof that are provided by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The described embodiments comprise different features, not all of which are required in all embodiments of the invention. Some embodiments of the present invention utilize only some of the features or possible combinations of the features. Variations of embodiments of the present invention that are described and embodiments of the present invention comprising different combinations of features noted in the described embodiments will occur to persons of the art. The scope of the invention is limited only by the following claims.