Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for communicating in a network from a first station to a second station, wherein the first station comprises at least one buffer memory for storing data packets to be transmitted, the method comprising the steps of (a) the first station estimating the status of the at least one buffer memory, (b) the first station transmitting at least one buffer status packet representative of the buffer memory status, wherein the method further comprises (c) adapting the value of a first parameter of the buffer status packets on the basis of a data traffic characteristic.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a method for communicating in a communication network. More specifically, it relates to a method for communicating from a first station and a second station. It also relates to radio stations able to implement such a method. 
     This invention is, for example, relevant for all wireless communication networks, and in an example of the following description, for a mobile telecommunication network as UMTS, or UMTS LTE. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In a cellular network, each cell comprises a primary radio station, like a base station, or a Node B, or an eNB communicating with a plurality of secondary stations, like mobile stations, or User Equipments. To be able to send data to the primary station on some uplink channels, a secondary station must typically have an allocated resource (e.g. time slot, frequency subcarrier, and/or code). 
     Many communication systems operate using a centralised scheduler which is responsible for allocating transmission resources to different nodes. A typical example is the uplink of the UMTS LTE (Long Term Evolution), where the uplink transmissions from different secondary stations are scheduled in time and frequency by the primary station. The primary station transmits a “scheduling grant” message to a secondary station, indicating a particular time-frequency resource for the secondary station&#39;s transmission, typically around 3 ms after the transmission of the grant message. The grant message also typically specifies transmission parameters as the data rate and/or power to be used for the secondary station transmission. 
     In order for the primary station to issue appropriate grants, it needs to have sufficient information about the amount and type of data awaiting transmission in the buffer of each secondary station. 
     In LTE, several types of buffer status report (BSR) messages are therefore defined, which may be transmitted from a secondary station to the primary station when certain triggers occur. The current version of 3GPP TS36.321 is incorporated by reference. 
     The Buffer Status reporting procedure is used to provide the serving primary station with information about the amount of data in the uplink buffers of the secondary station. Two kinds of Buffer Status Reports are used depending on the events. A short Buffer Status Report (BSR) comprises the identity of a single group of logical channels, together with a 6-bit indicator of the amount of data corresponding to that group of logical channels currently residing in the secondary station buffer awaiting transmission. A long BSR comprises four concatenated short BSRs, each corresponding to a different group of logical channels. 
     A problem with the BSR procedure defined above is that a secondary station is only permitted to transmit a BSR if it has a granted resource in which to transmit. If new data arrives in a secondary station&#39;s buffer and the secondary station has no granted resource in which to transmit the data or to send a BSR to indicate that it has data awaiting transmission, the secondary station must either wait until a grant is received, or transmit a simpler version of the BSR which can be transmitted using some specially-designated resources which can be used without a specific granted resource. This simpler version of the BSR is known as a “scheduling request” (SR), and typically comprises only a single bit to indicate that data is in the buffer. It is also known for an SR to comprise a small plurality of bits, which gives greater functionality. In response to receiving an SR, a primary station may either transmit a grant allocating a suitable amount of transmission resource for the secondary station then to send a BSR, or transmit a grant allocating a larger amount of transmission resource which would enable the secondary station to transmit some data in addition to the BSR; however, in the latter case there is typically no means for the primary station to determine a suitable size of allocation to make, unless the SR comprises more than a single bit. 
     As a consequence, the known implementations for informing the primary station of the status of the secondary station&#39;s buffers do not make it possible to have an adequate amount of information. Indeed, in cases of low activity of the secondary station, the BSR transmitted regularly are more than sufficient, and do not use the resources in an efficient manner. On the contrary, in case of high activity of the secondary station, the BSRs may not give sufficient information of the real state of the secondary station&#39;s buffers. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the invention to propose an improved method for communicating in a network which alleviates the above described problems. 
     It is another object of the invention to propose a method for communicating the status of the buffers of the mobile station in an efficient manner, making an efficient use of the resources. 
     Still another object of the invention is to propose a method for signaling the status of buffer memories in a manner adapted to the situation of the secondary station. 
     In accordance with a first aspect of the invention, a method is proposed for communicating in a network from a first station to a second station, wherein the first station comprises at least one buffer memory for storing data packets to be transmitted, the method comprising the steps of 
     (a) the first station estimating the status of the at least one buffer memory, 
     (b) the first station transmitting at least one buffer status packet representative of the buffer memory status, wherein the method further comprises (c) adapting the value of a first parameter of the buffer status packets on the basis of a data traffic characteristic. 
     In exemplary embodiments, the first station is a secondary station (or a User Equipment, or a Mobile Station) and the second station is a primary station (or a eNodeB, a Base Station). 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, it is proposed a radio station comprising means for communicating in a network with at least a further station, the first station further comprising at least one buffer memory for storing data packets to be transmitted, buffer control means for estimating the status of the at least one buffer memory, transmitting means for transmitting at least one buffer status packet representative of the buffer memory status, wherein the buffer control means are arranged for adjusting the value of a first parameter of the buffer status packets on the basis of a data traffic characteristic. 
     Thanks to these features, the radio station, like the secondary station, is able to adapt the amount of information transmitted to the second station, like the primary station, in dependence with the situation of the secondary station or of the overall occupancy of the network. Thus, this permits to make an efficient use of the resources granted to the secondary stations for signaling the status of the buffer memory. 
     Moreover, it is to be noted that in the variant of the invention where the secondary stations communicate on a plurality of logical channels, their buffer memories may comprise a plurality of logical channel buffers, whose status is signaled independently one from another, and that the adaptation of step (c) can be made on one or more of the logical channel status reports. Thus, the logical channel status reports dedicated to a logical channel with low activity may be signaled less frequently or with low accuracy so that the logical channel status reports dedicated to a logical channel with high activity can be signaled more frequently or with a higher accuracy (e.g. coded on more bits). 
     These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and will be elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention will now be described in more detail, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a network where the invention is implemented. 
         FIGS. 2A and 2B  are time charts showing the adaptation of the signaling in accordance with a first embodiment. 
         FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C  are time charts showing variant of the first embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a communication network having a primary station and a plurality of secondary stations communicating with the primary station. Such a network is illustrated on  FIG. 1 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , a radio communication system in accordance with the invention comprises a primary radio station (BS)  100  and a plurality of secondary radio stations (MS)  110 . The primary station  100  comprises a microcontroller (μC)  102 , transceiver means (Tx/Rx)  104  connected to antenna means  106 , power control means (PC)  107  for altering the transmitted power level, and connection means  108  for connection to the PSTN or other suitable network. Each secondary station  110  comprises a microcontroller (μC)  112 , transceiver means (Tx/Rx)  114  connected to antenna means  116 , and power control means (PC)  118  for altering the transmitted power level. Communication from primary station  100  to mobile station  110  takes place on a downlink channel, while communication from secondary station  110  to primary station  100  takes place on an uplink channel. 
     In wireless packet-data networks with centralised control like the network of  FIG. 1 , a mechanism is required to enable the primary station  100  (or eNB in UMTS LTE terminology) to prioritise effectively the allocation of uplink transmission resources between different secondary stations  110  (user equipment, or UEs, in UMTS LTE). Each secondary station typically has data queued in buffers until it can transmit; there may be buffers for a number of different streams, or logical channels (LCs), each with a different quality of service (QoS) requirement. The primary station needs information to enable it to decide which secondary statons should be granted to transmit, and at what rate. To assist in this process and reduce overhead, it is possible to group LCs into LC groups (LCGs) and transmit the indication of the buffered data for different LCGs (namely buffer status reports, BSRs). 
     As explained above, in such systems, such as UMTS LTE, the number of bits allocated to BSRs is usually predetermined and equal for all LCGs. Furthermore, perfect buffer status knowledge at the primary station  100  is often assumed; in other words, the primary station has very finely quantised knowledge of the number of bytes in the secondary stations&#39; buffers. Some simulation indicates that it may be more advantageous to send coarse buffer status updates more frequently, than more detailed reports spaced further apart, especially for real time functionalities. As a result, a fixed buffer Status Report (BSR) length designed to give accurate buffer status knowledge has the following disadvantages: 
     1. It incurs significant overhead, which may not be justified in the light of the fact that in some cases the same or similar performance can be achieved with fewer bits allocated to BSR. 
     2. It prevents BSRs for multiple LCGs being fed back to the primary station in cases where only a portion of the total number of bits required is available; in such cases, the current systems would only provide full BSR for the LCG of the highest priority. (An example of such a case occurs when the amount of data which can be transmitted is smaller than the granted transmission resources, with the result that some padding is necessary to fill the granted resources; in such a case some or all of the padding bits may be replaced by BSR signalling, but the number of such padding bits available to be replaced may be insufficient for full BSRs to be transmitted for all LCGs.). 
     The invention is based on the recognition that the BSRs need to be adapted to the situation of the data traffic of the whole network, of the particular secondary station, and/or of the group of logical channel corresponding to the BSR. In accordance with a first embodiment of the invention, a proposed solution is to allow configurable coarseness and/or frequency of the BSRs. As a consequence, in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention, it consists of queuing data units in the secondary station buffers, for estimating the level of BSR coarseness suitable for a particular scenario, either in the secondary station itself or in the primary station, and then adapting the coarseness of BSR signalling according to the estimate. An example of this embodiment is illustrated in  FIG. 2A . In accordance with this example, the secondary station in a first phase  200  of operation transmits one BSR  201  dedicated to at least one logical channel regularly. After estimation of a data traffic characteristic causing the secondary station entering in a second phase  300 , like a stricter QoS requirement for this logical channel, or higher activity, the secondary station transmits BSRs  301  with more accuracy, e.g. with more bits. As a consequence, in a given time, the amount of data transmitted dedicated to this logical channel is higher in the second phase  300  than in the first phase  200 . Thus, the BSRs are adapted over the time. 
     In accordance with a variant of the first embodiment illustrated on  FIG. 2B , the BSRs  302  in the second phase  300  are transmitted more frequently than the BSRs  202  of the first phase  200 . The size of the BSRs is not be varied. As a consequence, as in the first example of  FIG. 2B , over the time, the amount of data transmitted dedicated to this logical channel is higher in the second phase  300  than in the first phase  200 . Thus, the BSRs are adapted over the time. 
     It is to be noted that these two examples may be combined, for instance where the BSRs are sent more frequently, and with a lower accuracy for instance. 
     In accordance with the first embodiment, the entry in the second phase is caused after the estimation of a certain characteristic of traffic profiles. Possible candidates include: 
     a. The traffic intensity, that can be defined by the average number of new arrivals into the system; 
     b. The overall system QoS requirements, such as the total number of satisfied users. 
     c. The type of traffic (e.g. VoIP or video or file transfer). 
     d. The amount of buffered data for one or more traffic flows. 
     This estimation can be done by the primary station  100 , and can be done for each logical channel group. Then, the primary station may transmit the estimated characteristic value, and the secondary station deduces from the value the adequate BSR coarseness (by adapting the frequency, or the accuracy of the BSR), or even the BSR coarseness explicitly signalled for each LCG. This value may be different for different LCGs. 
     Prior to explicitly signalling the BSR coarseness for each LCG individually, the grouping of LCs into LCGs can be performed by the network (e.g. based on the similarity between BSR levels sufficient for satisfactory performance). In a variant of this invention, the BSR coarseness is estimated based on the number of padding bits available, or with consideration of the actual scheduling algorithm employed. 
     In a second embodiment of the invention, a table of satisfactory levels of BSR coarseness for a given QoS and a varying range of traffic loads can be produced for VoIP traffic. Depending on the actual traffic volume in the system, known to the primary station, the secondary station can then actively adapt the BSR coarseness based on the traffic load information from the primary station. 
     Another example is the case of padding BSR in UMTS Rel-8 (LTE). If there is more than one LCG with buffered data, and there are not enough bits to send a long BSR, a mechanism is devised according to this invention that determines which of the LCGs will have their BSRs sent, and not just the one with the highest priority. This decision can be based on: 
     1. Priorities: 2, 3, or 4 LCGs are selected that have the highest priority and not just the LCG with the highest priority; 
     2. Buffer level fills: in addition to priorities, thresholds can be introduced that, when exceeded, indicate that the LCG in question qualifies to have its BSR sent, or that adapt the granularity of the BSR. 
     3. Head-of-line delay (i.e. the length of time for which the oldest packet has been in the buffer). 
     Additionally, formats are proposed below that enable 2, 3 and 4 coarse BSRs to be combined into an octet. The BSR format being transmitted could be indicated by means of an LCID value, as in the first version of LTE. New LCID values would need to be reserved for these three formats on  FIGS. 3A to 3C . 
     On  FIG. 3A , if 4 LCGs are signaled to the primary station in one BSR: In this case, similar to long BSR, there is no need to indicate the LCGs&#39; IDs, providing the corresponding BSRs are given in correct order (since only 4 LCGs are defined in LTE; in the general case, this format applies to the transmission of BSR information for all configured LCGs). In an embodiment in which 8 bits are available, this means that we have 2 bits for each of the 4 LCGs, as shown on  FIG. 3A . 
     On  FIG. 3B , if 3 LCGs are signaled to the primary station in one BSR: If we were to send the 3 2-bit IDs, in LTE we would be left with only 8-6=2 bits for three BSRs. An alternative is proposed below that reports the ID of the LCG whose BSR is not being reported (in this case LCG # 2 ), followed by 3 2-bit BSRs in correct order. 
     On  FIG. 3C , only 2 LCGs are signaled in one BSR, where the IDs of the two logical channel groups are signaled with the value of the buffer status of this LCG. For a 8-bit BSR, 2 bits are used for the ID, and 2 bits are used for the value of the buffer status of this LCG. 
     In another embodiment, the BSR length is set according to the traffic class. For example, a secondary station could transmit a long BSR for a LCG containing at least one data flow with a multi-level satisfaction criterion (e.g. an FTP download, where the degree of user satisfaction typically increases with reducing transfer delay), while the secondary station could transmit a shorter BSR for a LCG containing only data flows with a bistate satisfaction criterion (e.g. a VoIP service where the user is typically either satisfied or not depending on a certain proportion of the packets being successfully delivered within a fixed time period). 
     Another embodiment is the case where the frequency at which the BSR is sent is preconfigured. The secondary station could in that case adjust the length of the BSR to achieve required QoS in a way dependent on preconfigured frequency. 
     In cases where the estimation of suitable BSR length is performed at the base station, the base station then signals the result of the estimation to the UE. In a typical embodiment, the UE may therefore receive a list of logical channels, logical channel groups or priorities, with a corresponding associated BSR length for each. 
     In a variant of the invention, the primary station is a mobile terminal like a User Equipment, and the primary station is a base station like a eNodeB. 
     The invention may be applicable to mobile telecommunication systems like UMTS LTE and UMTS LTE-Advanced, but also in some variants to any communication system having allocation of resources to be done dynamically or at least semi persistently. 
     In the present specification and claims the word “a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. Further, the word “comprising” does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps than those listed. 
     The inclusion of reference signs in parentheses in the claims is intended to aid understanding and is not intended to be limiting. 
     From reading the present disclosure, other modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art. Such modifications may involve other features which are already known in the art of radio communication.