Abstract:
A piezoelectric device employs solder on a roughened surface to improve bonding of electrical contacts with the device package. The device package includes a base, a crystal frame and a lid. The base includes connecting electrodes on a side of the base adjacent the crystal frame. The base has a through hole and a through hole electrode formed in the through hole in electrical contact with the connecting electrodes. The through hole is sealed with a sealing material and a first external electrode layer, which is electrically connected to the through hole electrode, is formed on an outside surface of the base opposite the piezoelectric plate. A second external electrode layer is formed to cover the first external electrode layer and the sealing material.

Description:
FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a manufacturing method for a piezoelectric device containing a piezoelectric vibrating piece within the package thereof 
       DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART 
       [0002]    Piezoelectric devices such as piezoelectric vibrators or oscillators are widely used in small information devices, mobile phones, or mobile communication apparatus or piezoelectric gyro-sensors. With the progress of miniaturization and/or increases in the operating frequency of mobile communication apparatus, piezoelectric oscillators used in this equipment must be progressively smaller and/or operate at higher frequency. 
         [0003]    Conventionally, a piezoelectric device comprises a package formed by layering and bonding a lid made of glass or ceramic material and a package member made of glass or ceramic material. A piezoelectric vibrating piece is mounted within the package and an external electrode is formed at the bottom of the package for surface mounting. The external electrode is a Au layer or Ag layer formed on a Cr, Ni, or Ti layer. The material of Cr adheres to glass, but it is not suitable for soldering at surface mounting so that the material of Au which adheres to Cr and is suitable for soldering is formed on the Cr. As the double layer, Cr/Au, Cr/Ni, Ni/Au, Ti/Au and W/Au are used, and as a laminated film, Cr/N/Pd and Cr/Ni/Au are used. Such piezoelectric device disclosed in Japan Unexamined Patent Application No. 2006-197278 is known. 
         [0004]    The piezoelectric device manufactured by using such glass or ceramic package is manufactured by the wafer. Then, the stress generated at cutting of individual piezoelectric device from the piezoelectric wafer causes delamination between the external electrode and the bottom of the package; therefore, the strength at mounting of the piezoelectric device on a board can be lower, for example. Further, partial correction after mounting by solder or insufficient adhesiveness at re-mounting may have possibility to cause delamination of electrodes. 
         [0005]    Therefore, Japan Unexamined Patent Application No. 2007-197278 discloses a technique that the external electrode and the bottom of the package are not easily delaminated by roughening the bottom surface of the package called the anchor effect. 
         [0006]    However, neither one of them is a piezoelectric device that a through hole is formed on the base of the package. In order to enhance mass production of the piezoelectric device, a piezoelectric device that a piezoelectric frame wafer having a piezoelectric vibrating piece is sandwiched and bonded between a lid wafer and a base wafer in the air and then a through hole is sealed by a sealing material in a vacuum state or inert gas has been appeared. A part of the external electrode of such piezoelectric device provided with the through hole is occupied with a sealing material called “foot pattern”. For the sealing material, an alloy including gold (Au) is used, but this alloy has lower conductivity than gold (Au) and it is also difficult to be bonded on a mounting board by solder. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0007]    Thus, the purpose of the present invention is to form a package formed by siloxane bonding of a lid wafer, a piezoelectric frame wafer provided with a piezoelectric vibrating piece, and a base wafer provided with through holes. Then, the through holes are sealed by a sealing material in a vacuum state or inert gas. After the sealing, by forming the external electrode layer so as to cover the sealing material, the piezoelectric device with good soldering and is good conductivity is provided. 
         [0008]    A piezoelectric device of a first aspect is a device formed by bonding a lid, a piezoelectric plate including a piezoelectric vibrating piece on which an excitation electrode is formed and an extraction electrode extracted from the excitation electrode, and a base having a through-hole. The base comprises a connecting electrode connected to the extraction electrode at a surface that faces the piezoelectric plate, a through hole electrode formed on the through hole and electrically connected to the connecting electrode, a first external electrode layer electrically connected to the through hole electrode and formed on the opposite surface of the piezoelectric plate, a sealing material for sealing the through hole electrode, and a second external electrode layer formed so as to cover the first external electrode layer and the sealing material. 
         [0009]    Because the sealing material on the external electrode layers is covered, the second external electrode layer can be fixed firmly and conductivity can be secured when the piezoelectric device is soldered on a mounting board. 
         [0010]    The piezoelectric device of a second aspect is that the connecting electrode, the through hole electrode, and the first external electrode layer comprises a first base layer and a first top layer, and the first base layers of the connecting electrode, the through hole electrode, and the first external electrode are formed at once and the first top layers of the connecting electrode, the through hole electrode, and the first external electrode are formed at once. 
         [0011]    The first bottom layer or the first top layer is formed at once so that manufacturing of the piezoelectric device can be easier. 
         [0012]    The piezoelectric device of a third aspect, wherein an arithmetic average roughness Ra of a surface which is an opposite surface of the piezoelectric plate of the base is more than or equal to 0.1 μm and the first external electrode layer is formed on the surface. 
         [0013]    When the arithmetic average roughness R is more than or equal to 0.1 μm, delamination of the first external electrode layer does not occur. Thus, even when the piezoelectric device is in need of removal from the mounting board after mounting, the piezoelectric device can be mounted again. 
         [0014]    The piezoelectric device of a fourth aspect is that a taper surface is formed toward the periphery of the base on an area where the first external electrode layer is formed. 
         [0015]    If the taper surface is formed, bonding strength of soldering of the piezoelectric device can be obtained sufficiently when it is soldered on the mounting board. Further, when the piezoelectric device is mounted on the mounting board, checking of soldering can be done easily. 
         [0016]    A method for manufacturing a piezoelectric device of a fifth aspect is to form a piezoelectric device by bonding a lid, a piezoelectric plate including a piezoelectric vibrating piece on which an excitation electrode is formed and an extraction electrode extracted from the excitation electrode, and a base having a through-hole. The method comprises steps of a first electrode layer forming for forming a connecting electrode formed on the piezoelectric plate of the base, a through hole electrode formed on the through hole and electrically connected to the connecting electrode, a first external electrode layer formed on a opposite surface of the piezoelectric plate and electrically connected to the through hole electrode, sealing the through hole electrode by a sealing material; and a second electrode layer forming for forming a second external electrode layer so as to cover the first external electrode layer and the sealing material. 
         [0017]    After the through holes formed in the first electrode forming step is sealed by a sealing material, forming of the second electrode to cover the sealing material in the second electrode forming step is performed. Thus, the second external electrode layer can secure firm fixation and conductivity. 
         [0018]    In the fifth aspect, the first electrode forming step of a sixth aspect forms a first base layer and forms a first top layer thereon, and the second electrode forming step forms a second base layer and forms a second top layer thereon. 
         [0019]    The method for forming a piezoelectric device of a seventh aspect comprises, in the fifth aspect, a step of roughening for forming an opposite surface of the piezoelectric plate of the base with more than or equal to 0.1 μm of an arithmetic average roughness Ra before the first electrode forming step. 
         [0020]    When the opposite surface of the piezoelectric plate of the base is roughened, delamination of the first external electrode layer does not occur. 
         [0021]    The method for forming a piezoelectric device of a eighth aspect comprises, in the fifth aspect, that a taper surface is formed on an area where the first external electrode is formed toward the periphery of the base before the roughening step. 
         [0022]    By forming the taper surface, bonding strength can be obtained when the piezoelectric device is mounted on the mounting board by soldering. 
         [0023]    The piezoelectric device of the present invention is a surface-mount type piezoelectric device which can be re-soldered, and the piezoelectric device can be removed from the mounting board more than once. Thus, using of the piezoelectric device in a development state of electric equipments such as mobile information apparatus can be easier. Multiple-layer configuration of the external electrode can make the thickness of one layer thinner, and shortened times for the layer forming can suppress increasing of temperature at forming of layer and also generation of abnormal projection called hillock generated at layer forming at high temperature can be suppressed. Moreover, it can provide a piezoelectric device that delamination between the external electrode and the package bottom  60  does not occur easily because soldering adhesion at partial correction or re-mounting after mounting by solder is obtained. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0024]      FIG. 1A  is a perspective view of the first piezoelectric device  100  which is separated as each wafer seen from the base  40  side. 
           [0025]      FIG. 1B  is a cross-sectional view along the A-A line of  FIG. 1A . 
           [0026]      FIG. 2A  is a top view of the base  40 . 
           [0027]      FIG. 2B  is a cross-sectional view along the B-B line. 
           [0028]      FIG. 3  shows delamination status resulted from a scratch test of the electrode film of arithmetic mean roughness Ra at the bottom where the surface is roughened. 
           [0029]      FIG. 4A  is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the package  80 . 
           [0030]      FIG. 4B  is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the first piezoelectric device  100 . 
           [0031]      FIG. 5  is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the second device  110  provided with the tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece  30 . 
           [0032]      FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view where the first piezoelectric device  100  is mounted and soldered on the mounting board  85 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     First Embodiment: Configuration of the First Piezoelectric Device  100    
       [0033]      FIG. 1A and 1B  are schematic views of the first piezoelectric device  100  provided with the tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece  30  of this embodiment.  FIG. 1A  is a perspective view of the first piezoelectric device  100  which is separated as wafer seen from the base  40  side, and  FIG. 1B  is a cross-sectional view along the A-A line of  FIG. 1A . 
         [0034]    As shown in  FIG. 1A , the first piezoelectric device  100  comprises a base  40 , a crystal frame  20 , and a lid  10 . The lid  10  and the base  40  are made of a crystal material. The crystal frame  20  has a tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece  30  formed by etching. 
         [0035]    The lid  10  is bonded to the bottom of the crystal frame  20  having the tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece  30  and the base  40  is bonded on the top of the crystal frame to form the package  80  of the first piezoelectric device  100 . That is, the lid  10  and the base  40  are bonded to the crystal frame  20  by siloxane bonding (Si—O—Si). The lid  10  has a lid concavity  17  that faces the crystal frame  20 . 
         [0036]    The crystal frame  20  has the tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece  30  at its center and an outer frame  21  at outer side, and at between the tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece  30  and the outer frame  21 , a space  22  is formed. The tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece  30  has a base portion  32  and a pair of vibrating arms  31  extending from the base portion  32 . The base portion  32  and the vibrating arms  31  are surrounded by the outer frame  21 . The space  22  defining the profile of the tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece  30  is formed by wet etching. The tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece  30  has the same thickness of the outer frame  21 . 
         [0037]    As shown in  FIG. 1A and 1B , a first excitation electrode  35  and a second excitation electrode  36  are formed on a first main surface and a second main surface respectively of the tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece  30 . The first excitation electrode  35  is connected to a first extraction electrode  33  formed on the base portion  32  and the outer frame  21 , and the second excitation electrode  36  is connected to the second extraction electrode  34  formed on the base portion  32  and the outer frame  21 . At the distal ends of the vibrating arms  31  of the tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece  30 , a weight portion  37  is formed respectively. The first and second extraction electrode  33 ,  34 , the first and second excitation electrodes  35 ,  36 , and the weight portion  37  are formed concurrently by photolithography. The crystal vibrating piece  30  oscillates with a predetermined frequency when a voltage is applied. The weight portions  37  are formed such that the vibrating arms  31  of the tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece  30  oscillates easily and also for frequency adjustment. 
         [0038]    The base  40  has a base concavity  47  that faces the crystal frame  20 . The base  40  has a taper surface  45  on a surface opposite surface that faces the crystal frame  20 , which slopes toward periphery. On the base  40  through-holes TH, a first connecting electrode  42 , a second connecting electrode  44 , and a first external electrode layer  50  comprising two layers are formed, and a through hole wiring  15  is formed on the through hole TH. The base  40  will be explained later with  FIG. 2 . 
         [0039]    First, the first piezoelectric device  100  forms the package  80  by siloxane bonding and then a sealing material  70  is placed on respective through holes TH which is upward. The sealing material  70  is then melted by heating in a vacuum reflow furnace with a predetermined temperature for a certain amount of time to seal the through holes TH. The sealing material  70  is made of one kind from a eutectic metal of gold-germanium (Au12Ge) alloy, of gold-silicon (Au3.15Si) alloy, and of gold-tin (Au20Sn) alloy. 
         [0040]    As shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , after the through holes TH of the package  80  are sealed, a second external electrode layer  50   a  comprising two layers is formed so as to cover the first external electrode layer  50  and the sealing material  70 . Then, the first piezoelectric device  100  provided with an external electrode comprising four layers is formed. 
         [0041]    In  FIGS. 1A and 1B , only one first piezoelectric device  100  is illustrated, but hundreds of them are formed on one wafer for mass production in an actual manufacturing and devices are cut into individual first piezoelectric device  100  in a dicing step. The fist external electrode layer  50  and the second external electrode layer  50   a  of the first piezoelectric device  100  are not delaminated by the stress occurred at cutting of the piezoelectric wafer into individual device  100 . That is, electrically high-reliable first piezoelectric device is formed. 
         [0042]    (Configuration of base  40 )  FIG. 2A  is a top view of the base  40  and  FIG. 2B  is a cross-sectional view along the B-B line. The first base  40  is formed from a Z-cut crystal and, as shown in  FIGS. 2A and 2B , has a base concavity  47  that faces the crystal frame  20  so as not to touch the tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece  30 . A step  49  is formed around the base concavity  47  of the base  40 . A first connecting electrode  42  and the second connecting electrode  44  are formed at portions of the step  49 . The height of the first connecting electrode  42  and the second connecting electrode  44  is 200 angstroms to 3000 angstroms and if the step  49  is not formed, the periphery of the base  40  and the outer frame portion  21  of the crystal frame  20  may be a failure of the siloxane bonding (Si—O—Si). The step  49  is formed with the depth between 150 angstroms to 2000 angstroms. 
         [0043]    The through holes TH are formed on the step  49  by wet etching so as to fully penetrate the base  40 . The through hole wiring  15  is formed on respective through holes TH. At portions of the step  49 , the first connecting electrode  42  and the second connecting electrode  44  which connect the through holes TH are formed. The first connecting electrode  42  and the second connecting electrode  44  are electrically connected to the first external electrode layer  50  formed on the base  40  through the through hole wiring  15  of the through hole TH. 
         [0044]    The taper surface  45  is formed toward the periphery of the bottom surface  60  of the base  40 . Surface roughening is given to the bottom surface  60  of the base  40  and an arithmetic average roughness Ra is equal to or more than 0.1 μm. The first external electrode layer  50  is also formed on the bottom surface  60  of the base  40 . The first connecting electrode  42 , the second connecting electrode  44 , the through hole wiring  15 , and the first external electrode layer  50  comprises two layers, which a first metal layer  51  of nickel or chrome and a second metal layer  52  of gold are formed by sputtering or vacuum deposition. The surface roughening of the bottom surface  60  of the base  40  makes the first external electrode layer  50  hard to delaminate. By providing the taper surface  45  on the periphery of the base  40 , soldering for surface mounting can be easier and also it will be resistible for impact from outside due to sufficient bonding by the soldering. 
         [0045]    As the method of the surface roughening, wet etching using hydrofluoric acid, sand blasting using alumina abrasive, plasma etching using carbon tetrafluoride, and ion milling using ionized argon are listed. In this embodiment, the sand blasting method using alumina abrasive is used. By providing the surface roughening on the bottom surface  60  of the base  40 , film adhesion is increased and delamination-free package can be formed. 
         [0046]      FIG. 3  is a table for determining the delamination status resulted from a scratch test performed on the electrode film of the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface roughening. 
         [0047]    The scratch test is executed by scratching with a diamond indenter having a certain curvature radius on the first external electrode layer  50  pressing with increasing load to calculate the adhesion strength from the load value generated from breaking of the first external electrode layer  50 . At the test, possibility of delamination of the first external electrode layer  50  is verified by applying the fact that interface delamination occurs when sheering stress acting on the interface excesses the adhesion strength at the scratch of the first external electrode layer  50  with the diamond indenter with a certain amount of load. As a result, when the arithmetic average roughness Ra is more than or equal to 0.1 μm, the delamination of the first external electrode layer  50  does not occur, but when the arithmetic average roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.05 μm, the delamination of the first external electrode layer  50  occurs. The arithmetic average roughness Ra is determined based on JIS1994. 
         [0048]    (Forming of the first piezoelectric device  100 )  FIG. 4A  is a preparation step for manufacturing the first piezoelectric device  100 , which explains the package  80  where the through holes TH are sealed by the sealing material  70  and the first external electrode layer  50 .  FIG. 4A  shows the condition that the lid  10 , the crystal frame  20 , and the base  40  are bonded and the through holes TH are sealed by the sealing material. Explanation overlapping the explanation for the base  40  done in  FIG. 2  is omitted. The configuration around the second connecting electrode  44  which is not illustrated is the same configuration as of the first connecting electrode  42  so that the explanation is omitted. 
         [0049]    First, in the air, the lid  10 , the crystal frame  20 , and the base  40  are bonded by siloxane bonding to form the package  80 . The package  80  is placed upside down such that the base  40  is the top, and a ball-like sealing material  70  made of gold-germanium (Au12Ge) is placed on the through holes TH of the base  40 . The package on which the ball-like sealing material  70  is placed is moved to a vacuum reflow furnace having a temperature about 350 C. The air inside of the package  80  is exhausted from a space between the ball-like sealing material  70  and the through hole TH and the inside of the package  80  becomes a vacuum state. 
         [0050]    After that, the sealing material  70  starts to melt. When the sealing material  70  melts, a gas is generated from the sealing material  70 , but the gas is also absorbed by the vacuum reflow furnace so that the gas is not remained in the package  80 . The ball-like sealing material  70  often keeps its ball-like shape due to the surface tension, so the sealing material  70  is flattened by a non-illustrated tool. So, the sealing material  70  gets into the through hole TH as shown in  FIG. 4A . Because the through hole wiring  15  is formed at the through hole TH, molten sealing material  70  flows out along the through hole wiring  15 . That is, the through hole wiring  15  enhances wettability and the sealing material  70  seals the through hole TH. With the above-mentioned steps, the package  80  is sealed with a predetermined vacuum degree. 
         [0051]    It is explained that the package  80  on which the sealing material is placed is delivered to the vacuum reflow furnace to make the inside a vacuum state, but the inside of the package  80  can be filled with an inert gas by injecting an inert gas after the vacuum reflow furnace is vacuumed. 
         [0052]      FIG. 4B  is a figure to explain the second external electrode layer  50 A of the first piezoelectric device  100  where the through holes TH are sealed by the sealing material  70 . The first piezoelectric device  100  shown in  FIG. 4B  is where the second external electrode layer  50   a  is formed on the package  80  shown in  FIG. 4A . 
         [0053]    As shown in  FIG. 4B , the second external electrode layer  50   a  comprising a third metal layer  53  and a fourth metal layer  54  is formed by deposition or sputtering so as to cover the first external electrode layer  50  and the sealing material  70 . The third metal layer  53  is nickel or a nickel-chrome (Ni, Cr) alloy, and the fourth metal layer  54  is a gold layer. The external electrode of the first piezoelectric device  100  is a four-layer comprising the first external electrode layer  50  and the second external electrode  50   a.  The second external electrode layer  50   a  covers the sealing material  70  so that the sealing material  70  is not appeared on the surface as an external electrode. Because the gold layer of the fourth metal layer  54  appears on the surface, when the first piezoelectric device  100  is soldered to the surface mounting board  85 , the gold layer of the fourth metal layer  54  spreads to the solder  75  ( FIG. 6 ) and the first piezoelectric device  100  is fixed firmly. 
         [0054]    The nickel or nickel-chrome alloy of the third metal layer  53  is a metal that easily form an oxidized film, but it is blocked the oxidation process by the gold layer of the fourth metal layer  54 . The gold layer of the fourth metal layer  54  of the second external electrode  50   a  spreads into the solder at the initial soldering, but the nickel or nickel-chrome alloy of the third metal layer  53  remains within the second external electrode so that repeating soldering can be performed. When the soldering is performed repeatedly on the first piezoelectric device  100 , the third metal layer  53  already lost the gold layer of the fourth metal layer  54 , but it is blocked the oxidation because it is covered with a soldering film. 
         [0055]    When the first piezoelectric device  100  is separated individually from the piezoelectric wafer, delamination does not occur between the first and second external electrode layers  50 ,  50   a  and the package bottom  60 . That is, because the surface of the package bottom  60  is roughened, delamination is suppressed due to the anchor effect. Thus, even when the soldering is performed on the first piezoelectric device  100  repeatedly, the first external electrode layer  50  and the second external electrode layer  50   a  are sustained. 
       Second Embodiment; Configuration of the Second Piezoelectric Device  110   
       [0056]      FIG. 5A  is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the second device  110  provided with the tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece  30 . The difference between the first piezoelectric device  100  and the second piezoelectric device  110  is that a four-layer second external electrode layer  50   b  is formed so as to cover the first external electrode layer  50  and the sealing material  70 . The same members as the first embodiment have the same numberings and only differences will be explained below. 
         [0057]      FIG. 5  shows a condition that the through hole TH is sealed by the sealing material  70  and then the second external electrode layer  50   b  is formed. 
         [0058]    As show in  FIG. 5 , the second external electrode layer  50   b  comprising the third metal layer  53 , the fourth metal layer  54 , a fifth metal layer  55 , and the sixth metal layer  56  is formed by deposition or sputtering so as to cover the first external electrode layer  50  and the sealing material  70 . The third metal layer  53  is nickel or a nickel-chrome alloy, the fourth metal layer  54  is a gold layer, the fifth metal layer  55  is nickel or a nickel-chrome alloy, and the sixth metal layer  56  is a gold layer. That is, the external electrode of the second piezoelectric device  110  comprises the first external electrode layer  50  and the second external electrode layer  50   b  so that it has a six-layer. 
         [0059]    In  FIG. 4B  and  FIG. 5 , the first metal layer  51  and the second metal layer  52 , and the third metal layer  53  through the sixth metal layer  56  are illustrated as the same thickness, but the thickness of the third metal layer  53  through the sixth metal layer  56  can be formed thinner. That is, the time for deposition or sputtering for each layer can be shortened. Moreover, small projections formed on the metal layer at formation of the layer of the third metal layer  53  through the sixth metal layer  56  called hillock formation also can be prevented. 
         [0060]    The nickel or nickel-chrome alloy of the fifth metal layer  55  is a metal that easily form an oxidized film, but it is blocked the oxidation process by the gold layer of the sixth metal layer  56  which is soldered. The gold layer of the sixth metal layer  56  of the second external electrode  50   b  spreads into the solder at the initial soldering, but the nickel or nickel-chrome alloy of the fifth metal layer  55  remains within the second external electrode so that repeating soldering can be performed. The thickness of the sixth metal layer  56  can be thinner so that the amount of gold spreading into the solder can be lowered. When the soldering is performed on the second piezoelectric device  110  repeatedly, even the sixth metal layer  56  already lost the gold layer  54 , the nickel or nickel-chrome alloy of the fifth metal layer  55  is blocked the oxidation process because it is covered by a solder film. 
         [0061]    If the second piezoelectric device  110  is soldered repeatedly and the nickel or nickel-chrome alloy of the fifth metal layer  55  and the gold layer of the sixth metal layer  56  are lost, the nickel or nickel-chrome alloy of the third metal layer  53  and the gold layer of the fourth metal layer  54  are still present so that further soldering can be performed. 
         [0062]    When the second piezoelectric device  110  is separated from the piezoelectric wafer on which a plurality of the second piezoelectric devices  110  are formed, the stress of delamination is applied between the first and second external electrode layers  50 ,  50   b  and the package bottom  60 , but the delamination caused by the stress can be suppressed due to the anchor effect by roughening of the surface. 
         [0063]      FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view where the first piezoelectric device  100  is mounted and soldered on the mounting board  85 . The base  40  of the first piezoelectric device  100  has a taper surface  45  toward the periphery. Thus, bonding area of the solder  75  and the mounting board  85  is wider and the adhesion strength of solder can be obtained sufficiently so that effect of impact from outside of the package can be reduced. Further, because of the presence of the taper surface, checking of soldering at surface mounting of the first piezoelectric device  100  to the mounting board  85  can be easier and inspection steps at manufacturing can be reduced as well. 
         [0064]    While example embodiments have been described of the present invention, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the following claims. For example, by making the thickness of the outer frame thinner than of the tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece  30 , a board-shape base and lid can be used without forming concavities on the base and lid. Further, instead of the tuning-fork type crystal vibrating piece  30 , an AT-cut vibrating piece and a surface acoustic wave (SAW) piece can be used. 
         [0065]    Further, in the foregoing embodiment nickel or chrome material is used for the first metal layer  51 , but nickel-chrome alloy, titanium, or tantalum can be used. For the third metal layer  53  and the fifth metal layer  55 , nickel or nickel-chrome alloy material is used, but also chrome, titanium, or tantalum can be used.