Abstract:
The invention relates to a new use of cationic surfactants derived from the condensation of fatty acids and esterified dibasic amino acids, according to the following formula: 
                                 
where: X −  is Br − , Cl − , or HSO 4   − . R1: is linear alkyl chain from a saturated fatty acid, or hydroxyacid from 8 to 14 atoms of carbon bonded to the α-amino acid group through amidic bond. R2: is a lineal or branched alkyl chain from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or aromatic, and R3: is:
 
                                 
and n can be from 0 to 4. This class of compounds turned out to be highly suitable for use as preservatives in cosmetic or dermatological preparations. A particularly suitable compound is the ethyl ester of the lauramide of arginine hydrochloride (LAE).

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION DATA 
     This application is a national phase application under 35 U.S.C. 371 of PCT/EP01/09198, filed Aug. 9, 2001. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a novel use of cationic surfactants and preparations according to this novel use. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Due to their composition, many cosmetic products are susceptible to act as a culture medium for microorganisms, and this can cause possible alterations to the cosmetic preparation and constitute a possible risk to human heath as well. Thus, a cosmetic composition requires good protection against microbiological contamination. 
     A well-known substance used for the protection against microorganisms is a cationic surfactant derived from lauric acid and arginine, in particular, the ethyl ester of the lauramide of the arginine monohydrochloride, hereafter named LAE. The chemical structure is described in the following formula: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     This compound is remarkable for its activity against different microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and yeasts and its use is known in food and feed preparations. The compound is well-known to be harmless to animals and humans. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of LAE are shown in the following table 1. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 M.I.C.  
               
               
                 Kind 
                 Microorganism 
                 (ppm) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Gram + Bacteria 
                   Arthrobacter oxydans  ATCC 8010 
                 64 
               
               
                   
                   Bacillus cereus  var  mycoide  ATCC 11778 
                 32 
               
               
                   
                   Bacillus subtilis  ATCC 6633 
                 16 
               
               
                   
                   Clostridium perfringens  ATCC 77454 
                 16 
               
               
                   
                   Listeria monocytogenes  ATCC 7644 
                 10 
               
               
                   
                   Staphylococcus aureus  ATCC 6538 
                 32 
               
               
                   
                   Micrococcus luteus  ATCC 9631 
                 128 
               
               
                   
                   Lactobacillus delbrueckii  ssp  lactis  CECT 372 
                 16 
               
               
                   
                   Leuconostoc mesenteroides  CETC 912 
                 32 
               
               
                 Gram − Bacteria 
                   Alcaligenes faecalis  ATCC 8750 
                 64 
               
               
                   
                   Bordetella bronchiseptica  ATCC 4617 
                 128 
               
               
                   
                   Citrobacter freundii  ATCC 22636 
                 64 
               
               
                   
                   Enterobacter aerogenes  CECT 689 
                 32 
               
               
                   
                   Escherichia coli  ATCC 8739 
                 32 
               
               
                   
                   Escherichia coli  0157H7 
                 20 
               
               
                   
                   Klebsiella pneumoniae  var  pneumoniae   
                 32 
               
               
                   
                 CECT 178 
                   
               
               
                   
                   Proteus mirabilis  CECT 170 
                 32 
               
               
                   
                   Pseudomonas aeruginosa  ATCC 9027 
                 64 
               
               
                   
                   Salmonella typhimurium  ATCC 16028 
                 32 
               
               
                   
                   Serratia marcenses  CECT 274 
                 32 
               
               
                   
                   Mycobacterium phlei  ATCC 41423 
                 2 
               
               
                 Fungi 
                   Aspergillus niger  ATCC 14604 
                 32 
               
               
                   
                   Aureobasidium pullulans  ATCC 9348 
                 16 
               
               
                   
                   Gliocadium virens  ATCC 4645 
                 32 
               
               
                   
                   Chaetonium globosum  ATCC 6205 
                 16 
               
               
                   
                   Penicillium chrysogenum  CECT 2802 
                 128 
               
               
                   
                   Penicillium funiculosum  CECT 2914 
                 16 
               
               
                 Yeast 
                   Candida albicans  ATCC 10231 
                 16 
               
               
                   
                   Rhodotorula rubra  CECT 1158 
                 16 
               
               
                   
                   Saccharomyces cerevisiae  ATCC 9763 
                 32 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     It has now been detected that the product LAE and related compounds are particularly suitable to be used in cosmetic preparations. 
     The use of the invention relates to cationic surfactants derived from the condensation of fatty acids and esterified dibasic amino acids, according to the following formula: 
                                
where:
 
X −  is Br − , Cl − , or HSO 4   − 
 
R 1 : is a linear alkyl chain from a saturated fatty acid or hydroxyacid from 8 to 14 atoms of carbon bonded to the α-amino acid group through an amidic bond.
 
R 2 : is a linear or branched alkyl chain from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an aromatic group.
 
R 3 : is:
 
                                
and n can be from 0 to 4.
 
     The most preferred compound of the above class of compounds is LAE. 
     LAE can be used in cosmetic formulations and preparations that are applied in the epidermis, the capillary system, lips, nails, external genital organs, or in the teeth and mouth cavity mucous, in order to clean, perfume, or modify its aspect and/or change corporal smells and/or protect a good physical fitness. At the same time LAE inhibits the growth of microorganisms in the cosmetic formulations and preparations in which they are susceptible to develop, and also from the microorganisms that can be introduced by the practical use of the customer. 
     The compositions of the invention have a medium which is compatible with the skin, the mucous membranes, and hair. These compositions can have the classical components such as: fatty compounds such as mineral oil, animals oil, vegetal oil, synthesis and silicon oils, and also alcohols, fatty acids and waxes; organic solvents, surface active agents, solubilizers and ionic and non ionic emulsifiers, thickening agents and jellying hydrophilic agents such as carboxyvinylic polymers (e.g. carbomer), acrylic copolymers (e.g. acrylates and alkylacrylates), polyacrylamides, polysaccharides, natural gums (e.g. xanthan gum); thickening agents and jellying lipophilic agents such as modified clays (e.g. bentonite), fatty acid metallic salts, hydrophobic silica and polyethylene; perfumes and essential oils; softening agents; excipients; antioxidants; sequestering agents; opacifiers; filters; colouring compounds which may be either hydrosoluble or liposoluble, and pigments; and hydrophilic or lipophilic active ingredients. These compositions can also contain further preservatives besides the ones used according to the invention. 
     The proportions of the components mentioned in the previous paragraph are the ones normally used in the mentioned applications. These components have to be applied without changing the preservative system of the invention. 
     According to the invention the compositions can be in different cosmetic forms suitable for a topic application, such as:
         a) Monophasic systems:
           Aqueous or hydroglycolic solution that contain one or more surfactants to be used for the cleaning of the skin, hair and mucous membranes;   Aqueous, hydroalcoholic, hydroglycolic or oily solution that can contain other additives to be used in the general care and/or protection for skin and/or mucous membranes;   Aqueous, hydroalcoholic, hydroglycolic or oily gel that can contain other additives to be used in general care and/or protection for skin and/or mucous membranes;   Solid anhydride products that can contain other additives to be used in the general care and/or protection for skin and/or mucous membranes;   
           b) Biphasic systems:
           Aqueous, hydroalcoholic, hydroglycolic or oily gel that can contain other additives to be used in general care and/or protection for skin and/or mucous membranes;   Solid anhydride products that can contain other additives to be used in the general care and/or protection for skin and/or mucous membranes;   Emulsions formed by dispersion of a oil phase in a water phase (O/W) or inverse phase (W/O), to be used in general care and/or protection of the face skin, body, hands and/or mucous; cleaning and/or removal of make-up from the skin, mucous membranes, hair and/or mouth cavity; protection and/or skin care against solar radiation effects; colouring support and pigment to be applied to the skin.   
           c) And combinations of the other systems that form multiphasic systems, suspensions and microemulsions.       

     The compositions previously mentioned can be used in different forms such as foam, spray, or aerosol compositions and can contain a propulsion agent under pressure. 
     Thus, the compositions of the invention can have the aspect of a cream, a lotion, a milk, an emulsion, a gel or an oil for the skin, a beauty mask, a salt, a gel, a foam/spray or an oil for bath and shower, or for making up and making-up cleaner for the face and eyes and any other aspect known in the art. 
     The compositions according to the invention have been prepared according to the techniques well known for a person skilled in the art. 
     Procedure to Evaluate the Preservative Efficacy for LAE 
     The method is based on the  Antimicrobial Effectiveness Testing  USP 24 th  Edition, 1999 (pp. 1809-1811), in order to demonstrate that the antimicrobial activity of the compound aim of the patent is enough to avoid the microbial growth that could have in the storage and use of the preparation, preventing the adverse effects of the contamination (Real Farmacopea Española, 1 st  Edición, 1997). 
     This assay consists of the contamination of the protecting formulations with an inoculum mixture of 10 8  cfu/mL concentration, for each of the microorganisms, and the determination of the number of viable cells in the time. This inoculum mixture is composed of the following microorganisms: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 
                   Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
                 
                 ATCC 9027 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Staphylococcus aureus 
                 
                 ATCC 6538 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Candida albicans 
                 
                 ATCC 10231 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Aspergillus niger 
                 
                 ATCC 16404 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Escherichia coli 
                 
                 ATCC 8739 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The cosmetic composition to be analysed is divided into sterile containers with 50 g of product for each flask. Each container is inoculated with 0.5 mL of inoculum (10 8  cfu/mL). The target concentration is 10 6  cfu/mL, approximately. All the containers are kept at a temperature between 20-25° C. and are protected from light. 
     The level of the microbial contamination is checked at 0 hours, 7 days, 14 days and 28 days. The number of colonies is evaluated by dilution in buffer peptone with the appropriate neutraliser agent of the preservative. The culture media used for counting the microorganisms are: Soya triptone (35-37° C., 48 hours) for the determination of bacteria; Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol for fungi and yeast (25° C., 3-5 days). 
     According to  Antimicrobial Effectiveness Testing  USP 24 th  Edition, 1999 (pp. 1809-1811), an antimicrobial preservative is considered to be effective in topically used products made with aqueous bases or vehicles, non-sterile nasal products and emulsions, including those applied to mucous membranes, if:
         Not less than 2.0 logarithm reduction from the initial calculated bacteria&#39;s count is reached at 14 days and no increase from the 14 days&#39; count at 28 days is detected; and   No increase from the initial calculated count of yeast and moulds is observed.       

     EXAMPLES 
     Different examples of cosmetic preparations and formulations are provided where the product has been assayed. Theses examples are a part of the preparations and formulations assayed. 
     Example 1 
     The composition of the cosmetic formulation in oil-in-water emulsion with non-ionic surfactant, is (in g): 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Polysorbate 60 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sorbitan stearate 
                 2.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cetyl alcohol 
                 1.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Paraffinum 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Isopropyl mirystate 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Caprylic-caproic triglycerides 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Dimethicone 
                 0.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Propylene glycol 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cellulose gum 
                 0.25 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Carbomer 940 
                 0.10 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Triethanolamine 
                 0.10 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aqua 
                 100 
                 c.s.p. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is completed with 0.20 g of LAE and its capacity of preservation is evaluated against the formulation without LAE. The results are shown in the table 2. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 With 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Without LAE 
                 LAE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microorganism 
                 (cfu/mL) 
                 (cfu/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Initial 
                 Aerobes 
                 2.1 · 10 6   
                 1.1 · 10 6   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 1.6 · 10 4   
                 1.7 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 3.7 · 10 5   
                 5.6 · 10 5   
               
               
                   
                 7 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 2.1 · 10 6   
                 3.1 · 10 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 7.0 · 10 2   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 8.2 · 10 3   
                 9.5 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                 14 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 6.2 · 10 6   
                 3.3 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 5.9 · 10 2   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 4.8 · 10 3   
                 4.0 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     At 28 days no increase has been detected from the 14 days&#39; count. 
     Example 2 
     The composition of an oil-in-water emulsion with an ionic emulsifier, used as cosmetic formulation, is (in g): 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Stearic acid 
                 1.70 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Glyceryl stearate S.E. 
                 2.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cetyl alcohol 
                 1.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Paraffinum 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Isopropyl myristate 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Caprylic-caproic triglycerides 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Dimethicone 
                 0.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Propylene glycol 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cellulose gum 
                 0.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Triethanolamine 
                 1.03 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aqua 
                 100 
                 c.s.p. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is completed with 0.20 g of LAE and its capacity of preservation is evaluated against the formulation without LAE. The results are shown in the table 3. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 With 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Without LAE 
                 LAE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microorganism 
                 (cfu/mL) 
                 (cfu/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Initial 
                 Aerobes 
                 7.4 · 10 6   
                 2.7 · 10 6   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 2.0 · 10 4   
                 1.4 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 3.6 · 10 4   
                 3.6 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                 7 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 5.2 · 10 6   
                 1.6 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 8.8 · 10 2   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 4.7 · 10 4   
                 1.0 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                 14 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 1.7 · 10 7   
                 6.5 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 7.0 · 10 2   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 1.0 · 10 4   
                 1.0 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     At 28 days no increase has been detected from the 14 days&#39; count. 
     Example 3 
     The general composition for a cosmetic formulation, in water in oil emulsion with non-ionic emulsifiers, is (in g) 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Cetyl Dimethicone copolyol 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Isohexadecane 
                 6.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Paraffinum 
                 8.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Isopropyl myristate 
                 6.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Caprylic-caproic triglycerides 
                 4.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Glycerin 
                 5.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sodium chloride 
                 0.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aqua 
                 100 
                 c.s.p. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is completed with 0.20 g of LAE and its capacity of preservation is evaluated against the formulation without LAE. The results are shown in the Table 4. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Without LAE 
                 With LAE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microorganism 
                 (cfu/mL) 
                 (cfu/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Initial 
                 Aerobes 
                 1.6 · 10 6   
                  6.2 · 10 6   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 2.0 · 10 4   
                  1.0 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 3.8 · 10 4   
                  7.0 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                 7 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 1.1 · 10 6   
                  1.8 · 10 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 5.0 · 10 2   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 9.0 · 10 2   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                 14 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 8.7 · 10 6   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 3.0 · 10 2   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 3.0 · 10 2   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     At 28 days no increase has been detected from the 14 days&#39; count. 
     Example 4 
     The composition of a formulation to obtain an aqueous solution with a surfactants&#39; mixture, is (in g): 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Sodium lauryl sulfate (sol. 27%) 
                 14.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                 6.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Disodium cocoamfoacetate 
                 6.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Lactic acid 
                 0.25 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sodium chloride 
                 0.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aqua 
                 100  
                 c.s.p. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is applied in bath gels. 
     This formulation is completed with 0.20 g of LAE and its capacity of preservation is evaluated against the formulation without LAE. The results are shown in the Table 5. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Without LAE 
                 With LAE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microorganism 
                 (cfu/mL) 
                 (cfu/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Initial 
                 Aerobes 
                 3.6 · 10 6   
                  3.3 · 10 6   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 1.6 · 10 4   
                  1.9 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 3.9 · 10 4   
                  4.6 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                 7 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 4.2 · 10 6   
                  5.8 · 10 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 2.7 · 10 3   
                  2.7 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 4.5 · 10 3   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                 14 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 5.5 · 10 6   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 3.4 · 10 3   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 5.9 · 10 3   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     At 28 days no increase has been detected from the 14 days&#39; count. 
     Example 5 
     The composition of a formulation to obtain an aqueous solution with a surfactants&#39; mixture, is (in g): 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Sodium lauryl sulfate (sol. 27%) 
                 14.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                 6.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate 
                 6.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Lactic acid 
                 0.25 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sodium chloride 
                 0.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aqua 
                 100  
                 c.s.p. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is applied in bath gels. 
     This formulation is completed with 0.20 g of LAE and its capacity of preservation is evaluated against the formulation without LAE. The results are shown in the Table 6. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Without LAE 
                 With LAE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microorganism 
                 (cfu/mL) 
                 (cfu/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Initial 
                 Aerobes 
                 8.6 · 10 6   
                 6.7 · 10 6   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 1.1 · 10 4   
                 1.4 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 3.2 · 10 4   
                 3.6 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                 7 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 3.9 · 10 7   
                 4.8 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 1.6 · 10 3   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 3.1 · 10 3   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                 14 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 3.3 · 10 6   
                 1.3 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 8.3 · 10 3   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 3.9 · 10 4   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     At 28 days no increase has been detected from the 14 days&#39; count. 
     Example 6 
     The composition of a formulation to obtain a hydroalcoholic gel, is (in g): 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Hydroxyethyl cellulose 
                 0.40 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Carbomer 940 
                 0.40 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Glycerin 
                 8.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Alcohol denat 
                 30.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil 
                 1.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Parfum 
                 0.75 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Triethanolamine 
                 0.25 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aqua 
                 100  
                 c.s.p. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is applied in lotions for after-shaving skin care. 
     This formulation is completed with 0.20 g of LAE and its capacity of preservation is evaluated against the formulation without LAE. The results are shown in the Table 7. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Without LAE 
                 With LAE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microorganism 
                 (cfu/mL) 
                 (cfu/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Initial 
                 Aerobes 
                 1.1 · 10 6   
                 3.7 · 10 6   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 8.7 · 10 4   
                 9.1 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 3.9 · 10 4   
                 4.2 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                 7 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 4.6 · 10 6   
                 6.9 · 10 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 9.1 · 10 3   
                 4.1 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 8.6 · 10 2   
                 1.6 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                 14 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 7.3 · 10 6   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 1.7 · 10 3   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 1.2 · 10 3   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     At 28 days no increase has been detected from the 14 days&#39; count. 
     Example 7 
     The composition of a formulation to obtain a facial tonic, is (in g): 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Hydroxyethyl cellulose 
                 0.20 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Caprylic-caproic triglycerides 
                 1.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil 
                 6.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Lactic acid 
                 1.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sodium chloride 
                 0.35 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Glycerin 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Chamomilla Recutita extract 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aqua 
                 100  
                 c.s.p. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is completed with 0.20 g of LAE and its capacity of preservation is evaluated against the formulation without LAE. The results are shown in the Table 8. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Without LAE 
                 With LAE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microorganism 
                 (cfu/mL) 
                 (cfu/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Initial 
                 Aerobes 
                 6.7 · 10 6   
                 2.7 · 10 6   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 4.1 · 10 4   
                 2.1 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 3.2 · 10 4   
                 1.2 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                 7 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 3.7 · 10 7   
                 3.6 · 10 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 9.1 · 10 3   
                 1.3 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 4.2 · 10 3   
                 1.1 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                 14 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 8.7 · 10 7   
                 5.9 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 2.1 · 10 4   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 1.2 · 10 4   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     At 28 days no increase has been detected from the 14 days&#39; count. 
     Example 8 
     The composition of a formulation to obtain a mask-up cleaner, is (in g): 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Stearic acid 
                 2.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Glyceryl stearate S.E 
                 2.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cetyl alcohol 
                 1.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Paraffinum 
                 6.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Isopropyl myristate 
                 1.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Caprylic-caproic triglycerides 
                 1.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Dimethicone 
                 0.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Propylene glycol 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Triethanolamine 
                 1.20 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aqua 
                 100  
                 c.s.p. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is completed with 0.20 g of LAE, and the preservative capacity is evaluated and it is compared with the formulation without LAE. The results are shown in the Table 9. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Without LAE 
                 With LAE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microorganism 
                 (cfu/mL) 
                 (cfu/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Initial 
                 Aerobes 
                 5.5 · 10 6   
                 4.5 · 10 6   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 7.9 · 10 4   
                 7.6 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 8.4 · 10 4   
                 7.2 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                 7 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 6.5 · 10 6   
                 3.8 · 10 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 8.2 · 10 2   
                 3.5 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 8.8 · 10 2   
                 1.8 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                 14 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 9.5 · 10 6   
                 6.7 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 2.9 · 10 3   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 1.8 · 10 3   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     At 28 days no increase has been detected from the 14 days&#39; count. 
     Example 9 
     The composition of a formulation to obtain a fluid oil-in-water emulsion with non-ionic surfactants, is (in g): 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Polysorbate 60 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sorbitan stearate 
                 2.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cetyl alcohol 
                 0.75 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Paraffinum 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Isopropyl myristate 
                 2.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Caprylic-caproic triglycerides 
                 2.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Dimethicone 
                 0.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Propylene glycol 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aqua 
                 100  
                 c.s.p. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is applied in body oil. 
     This formulation is completed with 0.20 g of LAE, and the preservative capacity is evaluated and it is compared with the formulation without LAE. The results are shown in the Table 10. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Without LAE 
                 With LAE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microorganism 
                 (cfu/mL) 
                 (cfu/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Initial 
                 Aerobes 
                 1.5 · 10 6   
                 4.5 · 10 6   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 2.6 · 10 4   
                 7.6 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 3.2 · 10 4   
                 7.2 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                 7 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 4.5 · 10 6   
                 7.6 · 10 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 7.7 · 10 3   
                 1.4 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 8.4 · 10 3   
                 2.3 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                 14 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 6.3 · 10 6   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 1.6 · 10 4   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 7.9 · 10 3   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     At 28 days no increase has been detected from the 14 days&#39; count. 
     Example 10 
     The composition of a toothpaste formulation is (in g): 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Calcium carbonate 
                 16.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Dicalcium phosphate 
                 24.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Silica 
                 2.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Petrolatum 
                 10.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Glycerine 
                 20.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sodium fluoride 
                 0.20 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Hydroxyethyl cellulose 
                 1.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Lauroyl sarcosine 
                 2.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aqua 
                 100  
                 c.s.p. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is completed with 0.20 g of LAE, and the preservative capacity is evaluated and it is compared with the formulation without LAE. The results are shown in the Table 11. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Without LAE 
                 With LAE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microorganism 
                 (cfu/mL) 
                 (cfu/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Initial 
                 Aerobes 
                 6.5 · 10 6   
                 4.5 · 10 6   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 9.6 · 10 4   
                 5.6 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 4.8 · 10 4   
                 4.2 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                 7 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 3.5 · 10 7   
                 3.3 · 10 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 1.6 · 10 4   
                 1.6 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 5.2 · 10 3   
                 1.2 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                 14 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 6.5 · 10 7   
                 8.0 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 1.7 · 10 4   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 4.8 · 10 3   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     At 28 days no increase has been detected from the 14 days&#39; count. 
     Example 11 
     The composition of a formulation to obtain an aqueous solution with surfactants, is (in g): 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Sodium lauryl sulfate (sol. 27%) 
                 12.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cocamidopropyl betaine 
                 5.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Disodium cocoamfoacetate 
                 5.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Polyquaternium11 
                 1.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Lactic acid 
                 0.25 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sodium chloride 
                 0.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aqua 
                 100  
                 c.s.p. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is applied in shampoos cosmetic formulations. 
     This formulation is completed with 0.20 g of LAE, and the preservative capacity is evaluated and it is compared with the formulation without LAE. The results are shown in the Table 12. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Without LAE 
                 With LAE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microorganism 
                 (cfu/mL) 
                 (cfu/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Initial 
                 Aerobes 
                 3.7 · 10 6   
                 3.3 · 10 6   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 7.6 · 10 4   
                 9.6 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 3.2 · 10 4   
                 4.2 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                 7 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 5.9 · 10 6   
                 4.8 · 10 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 9.6 · 10 2   
                 1.1 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 4.9 · 10 3   
                 1.2 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                 14 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 6.3 · 10 6   
                 7.0 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 1.1 · 10 3   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 5.2 · 10 3   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     At 28 days no increase has been detected from the 14 days&#39; count. 
     Example 12 
     The composition of a formulation to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion with non-ionic surfactants, is (in g): 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Glyceryl stearate + PEG 100 stearate 
                 4.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cetyl alcohol + sodium cetyl sulfate 
                 2.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Caprylic-caproic triglycerides 
                 4.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Isopropyl mirystate 
                 2.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Paraffinum 
                 2.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Dimethicone 
                 0.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Glycerin 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Wheat (triticum vulgare) germ protein 
                 2.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aqua 
                 100  
                 c.s.p. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is applied in a face cream for skin care. 
     This formulation is completed with 0.20 g of LAE and its capacity of preservation is evaluated against the formulation without LAE. The results are shown in the Table 13. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 13 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Without LAE 
                 With LAE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microorganism 
                 (cfu/mL) 
                 (cfu/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Initial 
                 Aerobes 
                 3.3 · 10 6   
                 1.1 · 10 6   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 1.6 · 10 4   
                 1.7 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 2.2 · 10 4   
                 3.2 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                 7 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 4.3 · 10 6   
                 3.7 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 1.9 · 10 2   
                 8.7 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 2.5 · 10 2   
                 9.2 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                 14 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 4.3 · 10 6   
                 1.9 · 10 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 1.8 · 10 2   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 2.9 · 10 2   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     At 28 days no increase has been detected from the 14 days&#39; count. 
     Example 13 
     The composition of a formulation to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion with non-ionic surfactants, is (in g): 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Polysorbate 60 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sorbitan stearate 
                 2.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cetyl alcohol 
                 2.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Paraffinum 
                 2.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Caprylic-caproic triglycerides 
                 2.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ethyl hexyl methoxycinnamate 
                 5.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Benzophenone 3 
                 1.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Dimethicone 
                 0.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Propylene glycol 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aqua 
                 100  
                 c.s.p. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is applied in a sun protector cosmetic formulator. 
     This formulation is completed with 0.20 g of LAE and its capacity of preservation is evaluated against the formulation without LAE. The results are shown in the Table 14. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 14 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Without LAE 
                 With LAE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microorganism 
                 (cfu/mL) 
                 (cfu/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Initial 
                 Aerobes 
                 4.4 · 10 6   
                 3.1 · 10 6   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 5.7 · 10 4   
                 4.9 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 2.7 · 10 4   
                 3.8 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                 7 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 6.3 · 10 6   
                 8.4 · 10 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 5.1 · 10 2   
                 2.7 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 2.3 · 10 2   
                 4.2 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                 14 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 7.2 · 10 6   
                 7.5 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 5.9 · 10 2   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 2.8 · 10 2   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     At 28 days no increase has been detected from the 14 days&#39; count. 
     Example 14 
     The composition of a formulation to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion with non-ionic surfactants is (in g): 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Cetyl Dimethicone copolyol 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Isohexadecane 
                 4.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Paraffinum 
                 5.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Isopropyl myristate 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Caprylic-caproic triglycerides 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ethyl hexyl methoxycinnamate 
                 5.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Benzophenone 3 
                 1.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Glycerin 
                 3.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sodium chloride 
                 0.50 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aqua 
                 100  
                 c.s.p. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is applied in a sun protector cosmetic product. 
     This formulation is completed with 0.20 g of LAE, and the preservative capacity is evaluated and it is compared with the formulation without LAE. The results are shown in the Table 15. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 15 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Without LAE 
                 With LAE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microorganism 
                 (cfu/mL) 
                 (cfu/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Initial 
                 Aerobes 
                 2.8 · 10 6   
                 1.4 · 10 6   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 5.5 · 10 4   
                 5.3 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 7.7 · 10 4   
                 7.9 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                 7 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 4.4 · 10 6   
                 9.4 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 8.6 · 10 2   
                 6.7 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 8.3 · 10 2   
                 4.5 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                 14 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 7.2 · 10 6   
                 8.7 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 5.8 · 10 2   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 7.9 · 10 2   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     At 28 days no increase has been detected from the 14 days&#39; count. 
     Example 15 
     The composition of a formulation to obtain an emulsion for hands care, is (in g): 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Cetyl alcohol + ceteareth 20 
                 6.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Isopropyl myristate 
                 2.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Caprylic-caproic triglycerides 
                 1.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Dimethicone 
                 1.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Benzophenone 3 
                 1.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Glycerin 
                 6.00 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Carbomer 940 
                 0.10 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Triethanolamine 
                 0.10 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Aqua 
                 100  
                 c.s.p. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is completed with 0.20 g of LAE, and the preservative capacity is evaluated and it is compared with the formulation without LAE. The results are shown in the Table 16. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 16 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Without LAE 
                 With LAE 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Microorganism 
                 (cfu/mL) 
                 (cfu/mL) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Initial 
                 Aerobes 
                 4.5 · 10 6   
                 4.4 · 10 6   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 6.1 · 10 4   
                 5.8 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 8.8 · 10 4   
                 8.6 · 10 4   
               
               
                   
                 7 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 7.4 · 10 6   
                 3.3 · 10 3   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 7.8 · 10 2   
                 8.7 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 8.9 · 10 2   
                 7.2 · 10 2   
               
               
                   
                 14 days 
                 Aerobes 
                 4.4 · 10 6   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fungi 
                 9.8 · 10 2   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yeast 
                 1.2 · 10 3   
                 &lt;9.9 · 10 1   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     At 28 days no increase has been detected from the 14 days&#39; count.