Abstract:
A nozzle holder ( 14 ) with at least one nozzle ( 34′; 34 ″), which ends at a mouth ( 38′; 38 ″), is used for manufacturing baking articles ( 54 ) from an extruded strand ( 56 ). In order to manufacture baking articles ( 54 ) which extend in a plane, the nozzle ( 34′; 34 ″) is pivotably mounted by means of a joint with a ball ( 32 ) and its mouth ( 38′; 38 ″) is displaceable by a pivoting device ( 45 ) in two axes (X; Y) extending at right angles to one another. Furthermore, constructed in the ball ( 32 ) is at least one connecting duct ( 48′; 48 ″), of which one end is connected to a stationary feed duct ( 50′; 50 ″) and the other end to the pivotable nozzle ( 34′; 34 ″).

Description:
This application is a continuation of international application number PCT/EP00/07551, filed Aug. 3, 2000. 
    
    
     The invention relates to a nozzle holder and a device for extruding dough materials using the nozzle holder. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Baking articles, doughs and confectionery are often extruded by squeezing a material under pressure through a nozzle arrangement to form a strand. As such, the strand may be carried away by a conveyor belt or cut into short sections. The outer shape of the strand, in particular its circumferential shape, is dependent upon the nozzle arrangement. 
     A machine is known from DE-A-30 30 757 for forming dough rings of edible dough, in which dough strands run over the edge of a first conveyor belt into a supply station. Here, as a result of their inherent weight the dough strands pass in each case into an upper end of a tube element, which is pivotably mounted by means of two ball joints. The dough strands emerge at the lower ends of the tube elements and are taken up by a second conveyor belt. The lower ends of the tube elements are movable by means of a cross bar. In this machine, it is not possible to supply a material under pressure to the tube elements. A blade, which is mounted independently of the cross bar, is used for cutting the dough strands. The blade may only be used when the cross bar with the lower ends of the tube elements is located at a specific point along its path of movement. 
     A device is known from DE-A-1 036 783 for manufacturing shapes from flowable dough material, in which the dough material is supplied via hoses to nozzles, which are secured to a retaining strip and are displaceable together with said retaining strip. During the movement of the nozzles the hoses are deformed, so that their volume and therefore the pressure of the dough material existing within them alters. 
     The device is therefore only suitable under certain conditions for producing dough products in which the dough needs to emerge from the nozzle at a precisely constant pressure. 
     A device is known from FR-A-808 285 for extruding dough and similar materials, in which a rotary nozzle comprises an eccentrically arranged opening, which can be supplied with a dough material under pressure through a feed duct. Only simple geometric shapes can be produced using rotary nozzles of this type. 
     Devices are known from EP-A-0 168 255 and EP-A-0 177 175 for co-extruding two materials, which extrude an inner material through a nozzle and an outer material with grainy particles contained therein through a funnel enclosing the nozzle, the materials being combined to form a strand. At its mouth, the funnel comprises sharp edges, so that the grainy particles in the outer material reach the surface. The mouth of the funnel may be toothed, so that the particles project from the surface. The composite strand is carried away by a conveyor belt in this manner, a baking article can be produced from two materials having a linear, longitudinal shape with grainy particles on the surface. 
     A disadvantage of the above-mentioned devices is that it is only possible to use said devices for manufacturing baking articles which extend in one direction, i.e. in the direction in which the strand is carried away. It is not possible to produce baking articles which extend in a plane or whose strands cross. Baking articles of this type are, for example, Chelsea buns, rings and pretzels. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is the object of the invention to provide a nozzle holder and a device for extruding dough materials, by means of which baking articles and confectionery which extend in a plane can be manufactured with a high degree of shape accuracy. 
     This object is attained according to the invention by a nozzle holder having the features described below. 
     Although the nozzle according to the invention is pivotable, the connecting duct according to the invention—in contrast to the hoses known from DE-A-30 30 757—represents a non-elastic connection between the stationary feed duct and the nozzle. This connection is produced by already existing components and therefore has a particularly simple construction. 
     The nozzle holder is advantageously further developed in that the nozzle comprises a tube element, whose first end is pivotably mounted and whose second end comprises the mouth. As a result of the tube element, the degree of deflection of the nozzle during pivoting is increased, whilst precise guidance of the nozzle is ensured. 
     The mouth of the nozzle is guided in a particularly precise manner in that the pivoting device comprises a rod with a ball mounted therein. A pivoting device of this type can be easily deaned. 
     It is provided in an advantageous embodiment that the nozzle holder comprises two nozzles, which are arranged concentric to one another. Using a nozzle holder of this type, it is also possible to produce baking articles which have a filling and a casing and extend in a plane. It is therefore possible to manufacture filled Chelsea buns or filled pretzels, for example. 
     A nozzle holder according to the invention is advantageously used in a device for extruding, a plurality of nozzle holders being particularly advantageously arranged adjacent one another and the mouths of the nozzles being pivotable in this case by means of a common pivoting device. In this manner, it is possible to manufacture a plurality of baking articles simultaneously having the same shape. In this respect, the pivoting device only needs to be controlled by a single control system, so that the manufacturing costs of the device are particularly low in relation to Its capacity. 
     The described device is advantageously developed in that a cutting and/or squeezing device is arranged on the pivoting device. The cutting and/or squeezing device is used for cutting and/or closing the extruded strand. Since the cutting and/or squeezing device is arranged on the pivoting device, it is possible to cut and/or dose the strand in any position of the pivoting device. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     An embodiment of a device according to the invention will be explained in further detail in the following with the aid of schematic drawings. 
     In the drawings: 
     FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section through a device according to the invention for extruding dough materials, 
     FIG. 2 is a section taken along line II—II in FIG. 1, 
     FIG. 3 is a plan view of an example of a baking article produced using the device illustrated in FIG. 1, and 
     FIG. 4 is a section taken along line IV—IV in FIG.  3 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIG. 1 represents a device  10  for extruding dough materials. In a device  10  of this type, two materials can be supplied through a feed duct  52 ′ and  52 ″ respectively to two nozzles  34 ′ and  34 ″. The nozzles  34 ′ and  34 ″ comprise mouths  38 ′ and  38 ″, through which the extruded materials emerge and form a strand  56  of a baking article  54 . 
     The device  10  comprises a housing  12 , to which a nozzle holder  14  is secured. The nozzle holder  14  comprises a holder housing  16 , which is secured by means of two retaining devices  17  to the housing  12  in such a manner that it can be easily replaced. In this manner, the device  10  can be rapidly converted to manufacture different baking articles by way of differently shaped nozzle holders  14 . 
     Fitted in the holder housing  16  are two bearing plates  18  and  20 . The bearing plates  18  and  20  are held by a support plate  22 , which is secured to the holder housing  16  by a plurality of screws (only two screws  24  and  26  are illustrated). 
     The bearing plates  18  and  20  each comprises a spherical hollow  28 ,  30 , which are arranged opposite one another and accommodate a ball  32 . The ball  32  is guided in the hollows  28  and  30  in such a manner that a tight coupling is formed between the bearing plates  18  and  20 , through which the materials to be extruded cannot pass. The ball  32  is however rotatable in the hollows  28  and  30 . 
     In relation to FIGS. 1 and 2, two nozzles are arranged beneath the ball  32 , an inner nozzle  34 ′ and an outer nozzle  34 ″. The nozzles  34 ′ and  34 ″ are formed by an inner tube element  36 ′ and an outer tube element  36 ″ respectively. The tube elements  36 ′ and  36 ″ end in mouths  38 ′ and  38 ″ respectively. The tube elements  36 ′ and  36 ″ are arranged concentric to one another, so that the inner nozzle  34 ′ has a circular cross section, whilst the outer nozzle  34 ″ has a circular ring cross section. Furthermore, the tube elements  36 ′ and  36 ″ are designed to be dividable at a connecting site  40 , so that a pivoting device  45 , described below, can be more easily removed and the nozzles  34 ′ and  34 ″ more easily deaned. 
     At the circumference of the outer tube element  36 ″, in relation to the lower region in FIGS. 1 and 2, a ball  42  is pushed over the tube element  36 ″ and is secured to the connecting site  40  by a clamping or screwing connection  43 . Accordingly, the connecting site  40  is also used for fitting the ball  42 . The ball  42  is partially enclosed by a rod  44 , which guides and rotatably accommodates the ball  42 . 
     The rod  44  is part of a pivoting device  45 , not illustrated in further detail. As is known to the person skilled in the art and therefore not explained further, a pivoting device  45  of this type may comprise electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic drives, which make it possible to displace and hold the rod  44  with high precision in the direction of two axes X and Y extending perpendicular to one another. 
     When the rod  44  is displaced, it moves the tube elements  36 ′ and  36 ″ guided in the ball  42 . The mouths  38 ′ and  38 ″ of the nozzles  34 ′ and  34 ″ are thereby pivoted in the two axes X and Y and deflected in such a manner that the strand emerging during extrusion is laid in a plane. In this manner, it is possible to form a baking article which extends in a plane. The baking article may also comprise crossing or overlapping strands. 
     FIG. 2 shows that a plurality of nozzle holders  14  are arranged adjacent one another in the device  10  and their nozzles  34 ′ and  34 ″ are displaceable together by a rod  44 . 
     Fitted to the pivoting device  45  is a cutting device  46 , which can close directly beneath the mouths  38 ′ and  38 ″ and thereby Interrupt the emerging strand. The cutting device  46  may also be constructed as a squeezing device, which more particularly firstly closes and then cuts a filled strand. 
     The ends of the tube elements  36 ′ and  36 ″ lying opposite the mouths  38 ′ and  38 ″ are connected to the ball  32 . In this respect, two connecting ducts  48 ′ and  48 ″ are constructed in the ball  32  which connect a tube element  36 ′ and  36 ″ to a feed duct  50 ′ and  50 ″ respectively. 
     In relation to FIGS. 1 and 2, the connecting duct  48 ′ extends almost horizontal to the outside of the ball  32 . The feed duct  50 ′ is constructed as an annular chamber around the ball  32 , so that the ball  32  can rotate, whilst a connection between the feed duct  50 ′ and the connecting duct  48 ′ is nevertheless formed. The nozzle holder  14  can therefore also be used for a rotary nozzle in which the nozzle or nozzles rotate about an axis in order to produce coiled or twisted baking articles. 
     The connecting duct  48 ″ penetrates the ball  32  from top to bottom in relation to FIGS. 1 and 2 and thereby bypasses the connecting duct  48 ′. The connecting duct  48 ″ is dimensioned at its opening to the feed duct  50 ″ in such a manner that the ball  32  can rotate, whilst a connection nevertheless remains between the connecting duct  48 ″ and the feed duct  50 ″. The rotary movement of the ball  32  is more particularly limited by the clearance of the outer tube element  36 ″ in the bearing plate  20 . 
     In a manner known to the person skilled in the art, an outer material, usually a dough material, can be supplied through the feed duct  52 ′ and an inner material, usually a dough filling or fruit filling, can be supplied through the feed duct  52 ″. The supplied materials pass through the connecting ducts  48 ′ and  48 ″ as well as the tube elements  36 ′ and  36 ″ and out of the mouths  38 ′ and  38 ″. During this process, the mouths  38 ′ and  38 ″ are displaced together by the pivoting device  45 , so that a baking article  54  is formed, as Illustrated by way of example in FIGS. 3 and 4. 
     The baking article  54  comprises a strand  56  in coil form, which is arranged in a plane. The strand  56  is circular in cross section (FIG. 4) and comprises a filling  58  and a casing  60 . The diameter d of the strand  56  measures 15 mm, for example, whilst the overall diameter D of the baking article measures 85 mm, for example.