Abstract:
A micromechanical functional apparatus, particularly a loudspeaker apparatus, includes a substrate having a top and an underside and at least one circuit chip mounted on the underside in a first cavity. The apparatus further includes a micromechanical functional arrangement, particularly a loudspeaker arrangement, having a plurality of micromechanical loudspeakers mounted on the top in a second cavity. A covering device is mounted above the micromechanical functional arrangement on the top. An appropriate method is implemented to manufacture the micromechanical functional apparatus.

Description:
[0001]    This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to patent application no. DE 10 2011 086 722.8, filed on Nov. 21, 2011 in Germany, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    The disclosure relates to a micromechanical functional apparatus, particularly a loudspeaker apparatus, and to an appropriate method of manufacture. 
         [0003]    Although it is actually possible to use any micromechanical functional apparatuses, the present disclosure and the underlying problems are explained with reference to silicon-based micromechanical loudspeaker apparatuses. 
         [0004]    In comparison with microphone or pressure sensor packages, which need to provide media access to the diaphragm, a front volume and possibly a back volume in a small installation space, a package for MEMS loudspeaker apparatuses should provide a suitable acoustic window, in particular. 
         [0005]    MEMS-based loudspeakers usually consist of a relatively large MEMS chip which has an arrangement of individual loudspeakers having respective diaphragms, wherein the respective diaphragms can be deflected on both sides by adjacently arranged perforated electrodes. 
         [0006]    DE 10 2005 055 478 A1 discloses a micromechanical structure for receiving and/or producing acoustic signals in a medium which at least partially surrounds the structure. The structure has a diaphragm which is essentially closed and which essentially forms a first side of the structure, and also a mating element and a closed substrate which is provided on a second side, which is opposite the first side. The mating element is provided between the diaphragm and the substrate. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0007]    The disclosure provides a micromechanical functional apparatus, particularly a loudspeaker apparatus, and an appropriate method of manufacture. 
         [0008]    Preferred developments are the subject matter of the respective subclaims. 
         [0009]    The disclosure provides a micromechanical functional apparatus having a three-dimensional substrate, e.g. a PCB substrate. A cover is provided preferably by laminating a film onto the substrate above the functional arrangement. 
         [0010]    The three-dimensional substrate has at least two cavities which are remote from one another, wherein the cavity for holding the ASIC circuit chip is advantageously arranged centrally beneath the cavity for the MEMS functional arrangement. The cavities can be capped or filled in following the chip mounting. Since the cavities for holding the chips are produced on remote sides, the chips can be mounted more or less above one another despite severely differing chip sizes, which means that the area requirement is significantly reduced in comparison with side-by-side mounting. 
         [0011]    Preferably, a multilayer printed circuit board is used as the three-dimensional substrate, the manufacturing process therefor involving at least partially prepunched, predrilled or premilled printed circuit board levels (core layers) being laminated onto one another. In this context, the substrate provides not only the redistribution and the plated-through holes (vias) but also expediently the cavities for chip mounting. This dispenses with complex process sequences in the packaging process (construction and connection technique), such as fitting spacers, fitting a housing frame, etc. The packaging process is therefore reduced to chip mounting and laminating on the acoustically permeable cover, and also singularizing the loudspeaker packages from the printed circuit board assemblage. 
         [0012]    This results in the following significant advantages. 
         [0013]    Since the ASIC circuit chip is mounted beneath the MEMS loudspeaker arrangement in the three-dimensional substrate, there is a significant reduction in the footprint in comparison with a classical side-by-side construction. In addition, this allows the chips, which are typically very different in size (MEMS loudspeaker arrangement 10×10 mm2, ASIC circuit chip 4×4 mm2), to be stacked without additional complexity, i.e. there is no need for spacers to be fitted serially. 
         [0014]    A central arrangement of the ASIC circuit chip beneath the MEMS loudspeaker arrangement allows the conductor tracks to be laid out symmetrically and with extremely short lengths. This has a particularly advantageous effect on the parasitic behavior. As a result of the separation of the ASIC circuit chip and the MEMS functional arrangement on different sides, less film is required for sealing the MEMS functional arrangement cavity. Furthermore, no acoustic imbalances are produced. Since the MEMS functional arrangement and the ASIC circuit chip are mounted on substrate sides which are remote from one another, hybrid packaging can be used without reservation, i.e. the ASIC circuit chip can be soldered as a flip chip without contaminating the wire bonds for the MEMS mounting or, when the MEMS functional arrangement has been mounted previously, without contaminating the diaphragms thereof. 
         [0015]    In addition, there is a reduction in the footprint in comparison with a package with individual, i.e. serially fitted, caps, since shorter distances between the chips and the edge of the package need to be observed in the substrate than when a cap is used. Furthermore, the contact spacing can be of narrower design, since the modules are separated from one another by sawing and it is not necessary to make any allowance for the cap. 
         [0016]    When a printed circuit board is used, it is possible to cap the package by laminating on an acoustically permeable film using the batch method, i.e. it is not necessary to perform a serial capping process (positioning the individual frames and laminating on the film). This significantly reduces the costs of manufacture. 
         [0017]    Since, in the case of a loudspeaker arrangement, the back volumes are integrated into the substrate, some of the functionality can be relocated from the MEMS loudspeaker arrangement to the inexpensive printed circuit board. Since a large portion of the back volumes is provided in the package, it is possible to reduce the chip thickness of the MEMS loudspeaker arrangement. This reduces the costs of manufacture of the MEMS loudspeaker arrangement, since the trench process is more expensive with a chip thickness of 400 μm, for example, than with a chip thickness of 200 μm, for example. Alternatively, if the chip thickness of the MEMS loudspeaker arrangement is unaltered, it is possible to enlarge the back volume inexpensively. This results in a maximum back volume for a reduced physical size (physical height, footprint) of the package. The disclosure therefore provides a robust package in terms of reliability and the fitting process for consumers. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0018]    Further features and advantages of the present disclosure are explained below using embodiments with reference to the figures, in which: 
           [0019]      FIG. 1  shows a schematic cross-sectional view to explain a micromechanical loudspeaker apparatus and an appropriate method of manufacture according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure; 
           [0020]      FIG. 2  shows a schematic cross-sectional view to explain a micromechanical loudspeaker apparatus and an appropriate method of manufacture according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
           [0021]      FIG. 3  shows a schematic cross-sectional view to explain a micromechanical loudspeaker apparatus and an appropriate method of manufacture according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
           [0022]      FIG. 4  shows a schematic cross-sectional view to explain a laminated printed circuit board substrate for use in the first and second embodiments of the present disclosure. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0023]    In the figures, the same reference symbols denote elements which are the same or which have the same function. 
         [0024]      FIG. 1  is a schematic cross-sectional view to explain a micromechanical loudspeaker apparatus and an appropriate method of manufacture according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         [0025]    In  FIG. 1 , reference symbol  5  denotes a three-dimensional printed circuit board. The underside U of the printed circuit board  5  has a first cavity K′, and the top O of said printed circuit board has a second cavity K. 
         [0026]    The first cavity K′ contains an ASIC circuit chip  30  connected by means of solder joints  30   a ,  30   b ,  30   c  to a redistribution element (not shown) and to plated-through holes  13   c ,  13   d ,  13   e  and  13   f  in the printed circuit board  5 . The plated-through holes  13   c ,  13   d ,  13   e ,  13   f  electrically connect the underside U of the printed circuit board  5  to the top O of the printed circuit board  5 . 
         [0027]    The top O of the printed circuit board  5  in the second cavity K also has a redistribution device (not shown). In the second cavity K, an MEMS loudspeaker arrangement  10  having a multiplicity of loudspeakers  9   a ,  9   b ,  9   c  is mounted, for example by means of adhesive bonding using an adhesive layer  40 . The loudspeakers  9   a ,  9   b ,  9   c  are clamped in respective frame elements  100  and have a diaphragm between two perforated electrodes. Reference symbols  10   a ,  10   b  denote electrical connections of the MEMS loudspeaker arrangement  10 . The electrical connections  10   a ,  10   b  are connected by means of respective bonding wires  11   a ,  11   b  to connection areas  12   a ,  12   b  in the second cavity K next to the MEMS loudspeaker arrangement. 
         [0028]    The connection areas  12   a ,  12   b  in turn are connected by plated-through holes  13   a ,  13   b  to solder ball connection areas  4   a  and  4   d  on the underside U of the printed circuit board  5 . Further solder ball connection areas are denoted by reference symbols  4   b  and  4   c . The MEMS loudspeaker arrangement  10  is held completely in the second cavity K and is capped by an acoustically conductive film  20  which is laminated onto a peripheral area of the printed circuit board  5 . The ASIC circuit chip  30  is likewise held completely in the first cavity K′, so that solder mounting on a further substrate (not shown) is possible without difficulty. 
         [0029]    The acoustically permeable film preferably consists of Mylar, Teflon, Kapton and the like. It performs the function of an acoustic window. In addition, it protects the sensitive loudspeaker arrangement  10  with its diaphragms and electrodes from dust. 
         [0030]    The loudspeaker arrangement  10  shown is preferably not manufactured separately but rather is manufactured using the batch method and is singularized following completion by sawing. A fundamental advantage in this context is that the film  20  that is permeable to sound does not need to be mounted on each loudspeaker apparatus  10  separately, but rather can be mounted on a multiplicity of loudspeaker apparatuses in a single step. 
         [0031]      FIG. 2  is a schematic cross-sectional view to explain a micromechanical loudspeaker apparatus and an appropriate method of manufacture according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         [0032]    In the case of the second embodiment, the ASIC circuit chip  30  is not mounted using the flip-chip method as in the case of the first embodiment, but rather is mounted in the first cavity K′ by means of an adhesive layer  41 . In this embodiment, an electrical connection for the ASIC circuit chip  30  is made by means of bonding wires  32   a ,  32   b , which are electrically connected to the redistribution device (not shown) and the plated-through holes  13   c - f  in the first cavity K′. 
         [0033]    Reference symbol  31  denotes a potting compound which is used to seal the ASIC circuit chip  30  and its bonding wires  32   a ,  32   b , the potting compound  31  essentially filling the entire first cavity K′ without protruding over the underside U of the printed circuit board  5 . Otherwise, the second embodiment is of similar design to the first embodiment. The potting compound  31  is preferably a gel or a plastic compound. 
         [0034]      FIG. 3  is a schematic cross-sectional view to explain a micromechanical loudspeaker apparatus and an appropriate method of manufacture according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         [0035]    In the case of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 3 , in comparison with the first embodiment described above which is shown in  FIG. 1 , additional back volumes  5   a ,  5   b ,  5   c  are provided in the printed circuit board  5  which are arranged beneath the respective loudspeakers  9   a ,  9   b ,  9   c . Otherwise, the third embodiment is of similar design to the first embodiment. 
         [0036]      FIG. 4  is a schematic cross-sectional view to explain a laminated printed circuit board substrate for use in the first and second embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         [0037]    As  FIG. 4  shows, the substrate  5 ′ has a printed circuit board laminate comprising three printed circuit boards  5 ′ a ,  5 ′ b ,  5 ′ c , which are connected at joint faces F 1 , and F 2 . 
         [0038]    Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments, it is not limited thereto. In particular, the cited materials and topologies are merely exemplary and are not limited to the examples which have been explained. 
         [0039]    In the exemplary embodiments presented, the packages were in the form of Ball Grid Arrays (BGA). It goes without saying that it is likewise possible to provide a version in the form of Land Grid Arrays (LGA). Instead of the printed circuit board as a substrate, it is also possible to use a three-dimensional ceramic. In the embodiments illustrated above, the arrangement of the ASIC circuit chip on the underside of the substrate is essentially central, i.e. essentially symmetrical beneath the MEMS loudspeaker arrangement. This has a positive influence on parasitic effects, but is not absolutely necessary, particularly if the printed circuit board is of adequate thickness.