Abstract:
An embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus, comprising at least one transceiver operable in a wireless personal area network (WPAN), wherein the at least one transceiver is equipped with the directional antennas adapted to point substantially vertically towards a horizontal reflecting surface, such as a ceiling, and with an antenna pattern specifically designed to control the interference levels.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     The millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless personal area networks (WPAN) communication systems operating in the 60 GHz frequency band are expected to provide several Gbps throughput to distances of about 10 m and will be entering into service in a few years. Currently, several standardization bodies (IEEE 802.15.3c, WirelessHD SIG, ECMA TG20) consider different concepts of the mmWave WPAN systems to define the systems which are the best suited for the multi-Gbps WPAN applications. 
     For the traditional WPAN approach, the signal is radiated isotropically or directionally to receiver as it is schematically shown in  FIG. 1 , generally as  100 . With this approach, the signal level of the given WPAN transmitter decreases with the distance increase as a 1/R 2  (free space approximation—only 6 dB attenuation increase as the distance doubles) or under similar polynomial law. So if the number of the WPAN users are significant and they are located close to each other, the mutual interference and the frequency reuse problems are prevalent. 
     Thus, a strong need exists for an invention that remedies the aforementioned shortcomings of existing WPAN systems, apparatus and methods. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The subject matter regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. The invention, however, both as to organization and method of operation, together with objects, features, and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following detailed description when read with the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1   a  illustrates a general WPAN system; and 
         FIG. 1   b  shows a WPAN system of an embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements illustrated in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements are exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. Further, where considered appropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the preset invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention. 
     Although embodiments of the invention are not limited in this regard, discussions utilizing terms such as, for example, “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining,” “establishing”, “analyzing”, “checking”, or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer&#39;s registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer&#39;s registers and/or memories or other information storage medium that may store instructions to perform operations and/or processes. 
     Although embodiments of the invention are not limited in this regard, the terms “plurality” and “a plurality” as used herein may include, for example, “multiple” or “two or more”. The terms “plurality” or “a plurality” may be used throughout the specification to describe two or more components, devices, elements, units, parameters, or the like. For example, “a plurality of stations” may include two or more stations. 
     Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) communication systems are extensively used for data exchange between devices over short distances of no more than 10 meters. Current WPAN systems may exploit the frequency band in the 2-7 GHz frequency band region and achieve throughputs of up to several hundred Mbps (for Ultra-WideBand systems). 
     For a traditional WPAN approach, the signal is radiated isotropically or directionally to a receiver as it is schematically shown generally at  100  in  FIG. 1(   a ). With this traditional approach  105 , the signal level  120  of the given WPAN transmitters  115 ,  117 ,  119  decreases with the distance increase as a 1/R 2  (free space approximation—only 6 dB attenuation increase as the distance doubles) or under similar polynomial laws. So if the number of the employees is significant and they are located close to each other, the mutual interference and the frequency reuse problems become pervasive. 
     The total bandwidth of the unlicensed mmWave spectrum in 60 GHz region is 7 GHz and the proposed channelization schemes for mmWave WPAN may use more than 2 GHz for each channel and a total of 3 channels will be available. So considering different WPANs as cells in a hexagonal structure shows that not adjacent WPANs may have different frequency channels, but the WPAN which may be located after the adjacent WPAN should reuse the same frequency. As the different WPANs are located close to each other, the level of interference from the WPANs operating at the same frequency may become a limiting factor. It has already been reported that the small number of the frequency channels may restrict the use of the mmWave WPANs in wireless docking station applications. 
     An embodiment of the present invention provides a WPAN which may allow control and significant attenuation of the interference level for the mmWave WPAN relative to the case of the isotropic (or horizontally directional) signal radiation—although the present invention is not limited in this respect. To do so, in an embodiment of the present invention, the mmWave transceivers are equipped with the directional antennas generally pointed in the vertical direction so that they signals may reflect off a reflective surface (such as, but not limited to, towards the ceiling with the antenna pattern specifically designed to control the interference level). Although not limited to this scenario, it has been demonstrated that the typical office ceiling surface has good reflections properties—although it is understood that the present invention is not limited any particular usage environments. So the propagation loss between any transmitter and receiver pair for a given WPAN will be low because both devices are pointed towards the ceiling and the signal path will be most likely free of obstacles. The block diagram of the proposed scheme is shown as  10  of  FIG. 1(   b ) with WPAN  1   125 , WPAN  2   127 , WPAN  3 ,  129 . 
     In an embodiment of the present invention, the antenna pattern may be designed so that the reflected signal will cover a required area of the given WPAN and reduce significantly interference for the adjacent WPANs. For example, and not by way of limitation, if a Gaussian antenna pattern is used, then the electromagnetic field distribution produced by such antenna is also Gaussian in the far field. Thus, with the distance increase, the field has an exponential attenuation of the power density—i.e. the linear attenuation in dB scale as shown in  FIG. 1(   b ) at  130  which can not be achieved for polynomial law attenuation utilized in previous systems. So the interference level for the proposed WPANs can be made substantially lower than for the traditional WPAN. Thus a large number of WPAN networks may be deployed densely with using e.g., 3 frequency channels or only one (or 2) frequency channels—although the present invention is not limited in this respect. 
     As stated above, utilizing embodiments of the present invention allows efficient frequency reuse which is important for the upcoming mmWave WPAN systems because the number of the available frequency channels currently is only 3 and some applications of the technology, such as, but not limited to, wireless docking stations, require setting-up multiple WPAN networks operating closely to each other. Further, strong multi-path is not likely to happen for the present invention because only one main reflector is used. Thus the simplified baseband implementation may be used for reduced equalization complexity, coding complexity and others. This will reduce cost and will probably allow use of the same device for both mmWave WPAN and kiosk applications, to name a few. 
     While certain features of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents may occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention.