Abstract:
Systems and methods of applying an ozone-depleting catalytic coating to an air stream component for producing a durable surface with optimal ozone depletion characteristics are provided. An air stream component having a surface with favorable adhesive properties or coatings is exposed to a concentration of ozone-depleting catalytic particles, wherein the receptive surface of the coated substrate binds the ozone-depleting catalytic coating.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of copending U.S. utility application entitled, “SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF APPLYING OZONE-DEPLETING CATALYSTS TO HEAT EXCHANGERS” having Ser. No. 10/931,839, filed Sep. 1, 2004 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,669,327 , which is entirely incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure is generally related to systems and methods for applying coating to components and, more particularly, is related to systems and methods for providing ozone-depleting catalysts in air stream applications. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Compositions capable of performing, for example, a catalytic reduction of ozone to oxygen have been developed. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,221,649 to Yoshimoto et al. discloses catalysts and methods for ozone depletion. Further, methods of catalytically treating the atmosphere using heat exchange devices are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,997,831 to Dettling et al. These methods produce a surface with catalytic particles either partially or fully isolated from the atmosphere by a thin film or covering. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 1 , which illustrates a cross-sectional view of a substrate coated with catalytic conversion particles using methods of the prior art. The substrate  110  has an adhesive coating  120  and catalytic conversion particles  130 ,  140 ,  150 . For example, some of the particles  130  are covered by a thin film of the adhesive coating  120 , thus reducing the capacity of that particle to contact the atmosphere and thus convert atmospheric ozone. Also, by way of example, note that other particles  140  are substantially covered by the adhesive coating  120 , thereby reducing the particle surface exposed to the atmosphere. The totally and partially covered particles  130 ,  140  can be the result of a catalytic conversion coating delivery system which utilizes a slurry as a medium for applying the particles. 
     One way of providing consistently increased ozone conversion rates is to increase the amount of exposed surface area of the catalytic conversion material. Another way of providing increased ozone conversion rates is to maximize the areas covered by the catalytic conversion material. Thus, a heretofore-unaddressed need exists in the industry to address the aforementioned deficiencies and inadequacies. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems for applying an ozone-depleting coating to an air stream component. Certain systems comprise: a first coating device, for applying a liquid coating to the air stream component; a curing device, for curing the liquid coating on the air stream component, such that the liquid coating cures into an elastic coating; a heating device, for heating the coated air stream component; and a second coating device, for applying an ozone-depleting solid particulate coating to the coated air stream component, wherein the ozone-depleting solid particulate coating is comprised of a plurality of coating particles, such that a portion of the plurality of coating particles adheres to the elastic coating. 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure can also be viewed as providing methods for applying an ozone-depleting coating to an air stream component, comprising: applying a liquid coating to the air stream component; and contacting the air stream component with a solid particulate coating, wherein the solid particulate coating adheres to the air stream component. 
     Another embodiment of the present disclosure can be viewed as an apparatus configured to reduce ozone, the apparatus comprising: an air stream component, wherein the air stream component comprises: a structural component; and an outer coating, wherein the outer coating is a dry particulate coating, wherein the outer coating is applied after the structural component is heated, wherein the outer coating adheres to the structural component, and wherein the outer coating causes a catalytic ozone conversion. 
     Another embodiment of the present disclosure can be viewed as a system for applying an ozone-depleting coating to an air handling device, comprising: a liquid coating means for applying a liquid coating to a first air stream component and a second air stream component; a drying means for drying the liquid coating on the first stream component and the second air stream component, such that the liquid coating dries into an elastic coating; an assembling means for securing the first air stream component and the second air stream component in the air handling device; a heating means for heating first air stream component and the second air stream component, such that the elastic coating is configured to initiate an adhesive property; and a dry coating means for applying a solid particulate coating to the first air stream component and the second air stream component by providing the coating to the air handling device, such that the solid particulate coating adheres to the elastic coating on surfaces adjacent an air stream, the solid particulate coating further comprising an ozone-depleting material. 
     Other systems, methods, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will be or become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following drawings and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features, and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the present disclosure, and be protected by the accompanying claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Many aspects of the disclosure can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a substrate coated with catalytic particles using the methods of the prior art. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a representation of a cross-sectional view of an air stream component with an ozone-depleting catalyst coating applied. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method of applying ozone-depleting catalysts to an air stream component. 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method of applying an ozone-depleting coating to an air stream component. 
         FIG. 5   a  illustrates a side view of an embodiment of a configuration for applying a liquid coating to a sheet material and curing the coating. 
         FIG. 5   b  illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment of a configuration for applying a liquid coating to a sheet material using a roll and curing the coating. 
         FIG. 6   a  illustrates a side view of an embodiment of a configuration for applying a liquid coating directly to a sheet material and curing the coating. 
         FIG. 6   b  illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment of a configuration for applying a liquid coating directly to a sheet material and curing the coating. 
         FIG. 7   a  illustrates a side view of an embodiment of a method of applying a solid particulate coating to a sheet material. 
         FIG. 7   b  illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment for applying a solid particulate coating to a sheet material. 
         FIG. 8   a  illustrates an embodiment of a method of applying a solid particulate coating to an air stream component. 
         FIG. 8   b  is a side view of an alternative embodiment of a method of applying a solid particulate coating to surfaces of an air stream component. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment of a method of applying a solid particulate coating to previously coated surfaces an air stream component. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment of a method of applying ozone-depleting catalysts to a sheet material. 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a side view of an embodiment of a system of applying ozone-depleting catalysts to multiple surfaces of a sheet material. 
         FIG. 12  illustrates an embodiment of an apparatus for using one or more air stream components having an ozone-depleting catalytic coating. 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a side view of an embodiment for applying a solid particulate coating to an air stream component. 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment for applying a solid particulate coating to an air stream component. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 2 , which illustrates a representation of a cross-sectional view of a substrate with an ozone-depleting catalyst coating applied. The coated component  200  includes the air stream component  210 , which, by way of example, can be a metallic plastic, or composted component. The air stream component  210  can be any number of components that would be found in an air processing or air handling system, including, for example, fans, impellers, dampers, flow straighteners, ducts and other surfaces within such a system or apparatus. In this embodiment, at least one surface of the air stream component  210  is coated with, for example, an adhesive coating  220 . In some embodiments, the adhesive coating is heat activated adhesive coating. Coatings of this type are frequently applied in liquid form and subsequently cured using, for example, heat. The temperature range for curing the heat activated liquid adhesive coating of this embodiment is preferably between 250 and 550 degrees Fahrenheit, more preferably between 300 and 500 degrees Fahrenheit, and more preferably between 400 and 450 degrees Fahrenheit. 
     Alternative embodiments can include adhesive coatings that are applied and cured without heat. Such coatings, for example, can be cured using air, a chemical agent, or ultraviolet light, among others. A solid particulate coating  230  of, for example, ozone-depleting catalysts, is adhered to at least one surface of the air stream component  210  by the adhesive properties of the adhesive coating  220 . A significant portion of the surface area of the particles in the solid particulate coating  230  is exposed to the atmosphere  240  and thus, is available to perform the catalytic ozone conversion. 
     The liquid coatings in this disclosure may be but are not limited to adhesive or coatings in any one of the acid copolymers and ionomers, metallocenes, erethanes, plastomers, linear ethylene polymers and any and all tackifier resins. For exemplary purposes, the acid copolymers and ionomers would include, but not be limited to, ethylene acrylic acid, vinyl acetate types, ethylene methyl acrylate and ethylene butyl acrylate. Further, the solid particulate coating of ozone-depleting catalysts may include but is not limited to Manganese Dioxide, Palladium, Palladium Dioxide and Titanium Dioxide. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 3 , which illustrates an embodiment of a method of applying ozone-depleting catalysts to an air stream component. The method  300  of this embodiment has a first step of applying a liquid coating to an air stream component  310 . The application of the liquid coating to the air stream component can be performed using a variety of liquid coating delivery devices and methods. For example, some forms of liquid coating delivery can include spray, dipping, or applying through direct contact. 
     In one manner of practicing the method, after the liquid coating is applied to the air stream component in block  310 , the liquid coating can be fully cured or dried in block  320  with a curing device. The curing step  320  can be performed through, for example, the application of heat energy. The heat energy can be delivered by the variety of device types, including combustible fuel powered devices, electric resistance devices, electric conductance devices, and electromagnetic wave devices. After the coated air stream component is allowed to cool in block  322 , sufficient heat energy is applied to make the elastic coating tacky in block  324 . When the surface achieves a desired level of adhesiveness such that it becomes adhesively receptive, solid particulate ozone-depleting catalysts are applied to the receptive surface in block  340  for adhesion to the air stream component. The resulting air stream component has a durable coating of ozone-depleting catalyst particles, wherein significant portions of the particle surface areas are exposed to the air stream for converting ozone. 
     Optionally, the liquid coating can be partially cured or dried in block  330 . In this case, the surface of the air stream component maintains a desired level of adhesiveness such that it is adhesively receptive. Solid particulate ozone-depleting catalysts are then applied to the adhesively receptive surface in block  340  for adhesion to the air stream component. Practicing the method in a further optional manner, after the liquid coating is applied to the air stream component  310 , solid particulate ozone-depleting catalysts can be directly applied to the uncured liquid coating the air stream component. Regardless of whether the coating is fully cured, cooled, and reheated, partially cured or uncured before applying the dry coating, after the dry coating is applied to the tacky surface in block  340  and any remaining uncured liquid coating can be cured or dried in block  350 , if necessary. 
     Brief reference is made to  FIG. 4 , which is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a method for applying an ozone-depleting coating to an air stream component. A liquid coating is applied to an air stream component in block  410 . The liquid coating can be an adhesive that is cured heat, air, a chemical curing agent, infrared radiation, or ultra-violet light, among others. The liquid coated air stream component is contacted with a solid particulate coating in block  420 . The solid particulate coating can be in a bath, can be directed to the air stream component or can be presented as an airborne concentration. The solid particulate coating adheres to the liquid coating to form a coating on the air stream component. The solid particulate coating is comprises of an ozone-depleting material such that when an air stream moves across the coated surface of the air stream component, an ozone to oxygen conversion occurs. This can provide environmentally beneficial results when coated air stream components are utilized in frequently used air handling systems. Examples of such systems include, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, vacuum cleaners, fans, blowers, and heat exchangers among others. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 5   a , which illustrates a side view of an embodiment of a configuration for applying a liquid coating to a sheet material and curing the coating. The sheet material  510  can be metallic or non-metallic, composite or monolithic, and woven or non-woven. The sheet material  510  can be utilized to produce any number of air stream components including, but not limited to heaters, air conditioning units, vacuum cleaners, fans, blowers, and heat exchangers. The sheet material  510  is driven in the direction A, generally across a coating roll  520 . The coating roll, for example, rotates in a direction D and is partially immersed in a solution of liquid coating  540 . The liquid coating  540  is maintained within a vat or trough  560 . As the coating roll  520  rotates in conjunction with the linear travel of the sheet material  510 , the liquid coating  540  is picked up by the coating roll  520  and deposited on the sheet material  510 . The coated sheet material then passes in proximity to a curing device  530 . The curing operation may be performed, as discussed above, through the application of heat. The curing device  530  can generate heat through combustion of fuel, electric resistance, electric inductance, and electromagnetic waves. 
     Similarly, reference is now made to  FIG. 5   b , which illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment of a system for applying a liquid coating to a sheet material and curing the coating. Under this method  550 , the liquid coating  580  is applied to the coating roll  520  using a device for projecting the coating onto the roll. One such type of device might be, for example, one or more spray nozzles generating a pattern or stream of coating in the direction of the coating roll  520 . The sheet material  510  can be metallic or non-metallic, monolithic or composite, and woven or non-woven. 
     A side view of another alternative embodiment of a method of applying a liquid coating to a sheet material and curing the coating is shown in reference to  FIG. 6   a . A sheet material  610  moves in direction A through a stream or spray pattern of liquid coating  620 . The stream or spray pattern of liquid coating  620  may be generated, for example, by one or more spray nozzles for directing the liquid coating toward the sheet material  610 . The coated sheet material  615  is then subjected to a curing device  630 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 6   b , which illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment for applying a liquid coating to a sheet material and then curing the coating  650 . The sheet material  610  travels in direction A through a chamber or enclosure  660 . Within the chamber or enclosure, at least one device  670  is configured to disperse the liquid coating  620  in a mist or atomized form. Additionally, the delivery devices  670  may apply an electrical charge to the atomized coating which is opposite the static electrical charge of the sheet material  610 . As the sheet material  610  passes through the enclosure  660 , the charged coating droplets  620  are electrostatically drawn to the sheet material  610 . The coated sheet material  615  is then subjected to a curing device  630 . In accordance with the discussion above, curing may be accomplished by applying heat through combustion, electric resistance, electric inductance, or electromagnetic waves. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 7   a , which illustrates a side view of an embodiment of performing the solid particulate coating step  700 . A previously coated sheet material  710  moving in direction A, is subjected to a heating device  730 . As discussed above, the heating device can utilize numerous techniques for transmitting heat energy to the coated sheet material  710 . The heated, coated sheet material  715  is adhesively receptive and passes in proximity to a concentration of solid particulate coating  720 . Particles in the concentration of solid particulate coating  720  adhere to the heated, coated sheet material  715  because of the tacky or adhesive nature of the previously applied liquid coating ( FIGS. 5   a ,  5   b ,  6   a  and  6   b ). The coating methods of this and other embodiments may be used to apply coating on one or both sides of a sheet material  715 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 7   b , which illustrates a side view of an embodiment for applying a solid particulate coating  750 , the previously coated sheet material  710  travels in direction A. Consistent with the embodiment discussed in  FIG. 7   a , the coated sheet material  710  is heated by a heating device  730 . The heated, coated sheet material  715  enters a coating chamber or enclosure  760  for exposure to a concentration of solid particulate coating  720 . Solid particulate coating  720  is delivered by, for example, sprays or blowers  770 . The tacky or adhesive characteristic of the heated, coated sheet material  715  provides a receptive surface for the individual particles of the concentration of solid particulate coating  720  to adhere. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 8   a , which illustrates a side view of an embodiment of a system for applying a solid particulate coating to an air stream component. An air stream component  810  is moved, for example, along a conveying type device  805  in direction A. The air stream component  810  can be fabricated, in part, using components previously coated with a liquid adhesive coating as discussed above. Alternatively, the air stream component  810  can be fabricated and then coated with a liquid adhesive. The air stream component  810  receives heat energy  835  from a heating device  830  for the purpose of increasing the adhesive characteristic of the previously coated surfaces of the air stream component  810 . The adhesive characteristic of the air stream component  810  can also be the result of the composition of the air stream component  810  and require no previously applied liquid coating in some embodiments. Alternatively, the adhesive characteristic of the air stream component  810  can be caused by a previously applied and uncured coating on the surface of the air stream component  810 . After the air stream component  810  is heated such that the surface is tacky, a concentration of solid particulate coating  820  is directed to the air stream component  810 . The solid particulate coating  820  is directed using a solid coating delivery device  840  such as, for example, a dry sprayer or blower. The solid coating delivery device  840  may comprise a device having a plurality of solid particulate coating delivery points positioned to direct the solid particulate coating  820  toward the air stream component  810  from multiple directions. 
     The solid particulate coating  820  has a substantially higher hardness characteristic than the materials used in the fabrication of the air stream component. By applying the solid particulate coating  820  to the air stream component  810  after the air stream component is formed, the wear on the tooling used to form the air stream component is significantly reduced. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 8   b , which illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment of applying a solid particulate coating to an air stream component. An air stream component  810  moves in direction A via a conveying device  805 . The air stream component  810  receives heat energy  835  from a heating device  830 . The heat energy  835  initiates the adhesive characteristic of the previously coated surfaces of the air stream component wherein the surfaces become receptive to particles of a solid particulate coating  820 . After receiving the heat energy  835 , the air stream component  810  is conveyed into a coating chamber or enclosure  860 . Within the coating chamber  860 , at least one solid coating delivery device  870  creates a suspended concentration of solid particulate coating  820 . The particles of the solid particulate coating  820  which come in contact with the adhesively receptive surfaces of the heated air stream component  810  adhere to produce a durable coating of ozone-depleting catalysts. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 9 , which illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment of a method of applying a solid particulate coating. An air stream component  910  is placed inside a coating chamber or enclosure  905 . The air stream component  910  is supported, for example, in a suspended manner (not shown) or on a rack or grate (not shown). Heat energy  935  is applied using a heating device  930 , such that the previously coated surfaces of the air stream component  910  initiate an adhesive characteristic coincident with the increase in temperature. In alternative embodiments, the air stream component  910  can be constructed of a material or composition that includes a heat-activated adhesive characteristic in other embodiments, the air stream component  910  is coated with an adhesive that remains uncured before being placed into the enclosure  905 . An accumulation of solid particulate coating  920  is stirred using a fluidizing input  940 . The fluidizing input  940  may be, for example, one or more blowers or sources of compressed air or other gas (not shown). Application of the fluidizing input  940  to the accumulation of solid particulate coating  920  creates a fluidized bed  925  of solid particulate coating  920 . This fluidized bed  925  of solid particulate coating  920  presents a highly concentrated and dynamic cloud of solid particulate coating  920  particles to the receptive surfaces of the air stream component  910 . One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the concentration of solid particulate coating  920  deposited on the air stream component  910  is, in part, a function of the configuration of the fluidized bed, the duration of exposure and the amount and adhesive quality of the previously applied coating or air stream component material. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 10 , which illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment of a method of applying ozone-depleting catalysts to a sheet material, wherein the sheet material is formed as a component of an air stream component. The sheet material  1010  can be metallic or non-metallic, monolithic or composite, and woven or non-woven. A sheet material  1010  moves in direction A and receives an adhesive coating  1018  from an adhesive coating device  1016 . As discussed above, the adhesive coating  1018  may be applied to the sheet material  1010  using any number of methods. The adhesively coated sheet material  1012  is exposed to a concentration of solid particulate coating  1020  via a solid particulate coating delivery device  1040 . As discussed above, the solid particulate coating delivery device  1040  may comprise, for example, a variety of devices and combinations of devices. The solid coated sheet material  1014  is then subjected to a curing device  1030  for curing the adhesive coating  1018  using methods discussed above. When the solid coated sheet material  1014  cools after curing, the solid particulate coating  1020  is adhesively retained by the adhesive coating  1018 . The cured and coated sheet material  1015  can then be utilized to produce a variety of air stream components. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 11 , which illustrates a side view of an embodiment of a system of applying ozone-depleting catalysts to multiple surfaces of a sheet material. The sheet material  1110  moves in direction A and receives liquid coating  1118 ,  1168  on the first and second surfaces,  1106 ,  1108 , respectively. The liquid coatings  1118  and  1168  are delivered via first and second liquid coating delivery devices  1116  and  1166 , respectively. The liquid coated sheet material  1112  is then exposed to concentrations of solid particulate coating particles  1120 ,  1170  on the first and second surfaces  1106 ,  1108 , respectively. The solid particulate coating concentrations  1120 ,  1170  are delivered using solid particulate coating delivery devices  1140 ,  1190 , respectively. The solid coated sheet material  1112  is then cured using curing devices  1130 ,  1180 . One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the liquid coating delivery devices  1116 ,  1166 , the solid particulate coating delivery devices  1140 ,  1190 , and the curing devices  1130 ,  1180  may be any number of combinations of the devices discussed above. Further, any of the methods or systems as disclosed above are applicable for coating multiple surfaces of a substrate. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 12 , which illustrates an embodiment of an apparatus for using one or more air stream components having an ozone-depleting catalytic coating. The apparatus  1200  generally includes one or more air deflection components  1210  and one or more air movement components  1220 . The apparatus  1200  can also include a heat-exchanging component  1230  and one or more air stream plenum walls  1240  for containing, isolating, or directing the air stream. Additionally, the apparatus  1200  can include airflow straighteners  1250  and one or more air stream directing components  1260  among others. Any or all of the surfaces in the air stream can be configured to include the ozone-depleting catalytic coating using the techniques disclosed herein. In this manner, as each of the components of the apparatus  1200  come into contact with the air moving across the surfaces, the ozone is reduced to oxygen by the catalytic particles and treated air  1270  exists the apparatus  1200 . In some embodiments, the apparatus can be fully or partially assembled before the application of the adhesive and ozone-depleting coating. For example, the adhesive coating can be applied to the individual air stream components before assembly and the solid particulate coating can be applied to the assembly using, for example, a directed stream of solid particulate coating. Similarly, the adhesive coating can also be applied to the air stream components after they are assembled as an air handling apparatus. In this manner, the surfaces that experience the greatest contact with the air stream will retain the highest concentration of the ozone-depleting catalyst. Likewise, areas not subjected to significant air stream contact will not be coated as heavily, if at all. 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 13 , which illustrates a side view of an embodiment for applying a solid particulate coating to an air stream component. An air stream component  1310  is moved, for example, along a conveying type device  1305  in direction A and receives an adhesive coating  1318  from an adhesive coating device  1316 . As discussed above, the adhesive coating  1318  may be applied to the air stream component  1310  using any number of methods. The adhesively coated air stream component  1312  is exposed to a concentration of solid particulate coating  1320  via a solid particulate coating device  1340 . As discussed above, the solid particulate coating delivery device  1340  may comprise, for example, a variety of devices and combinations of devices. The solid coated air stream component  1314  is then subjected to a curing device  1330  for curing the adhesive coating  1318  using methods discussed above. In some embodiments, the curing can be performed using heat. Similarly, in other embodiments, curing can be performed utilizing fans, blowers, chemical curing agents, and ultraviolet light, among others. When the solid coated air stream component  1314  cools after curing, the solid particulate coating  1320  is adhesively retained by the adhesive coating  1318 . 
     Reference is now made to  FIG. 14 , which illustrates a side view of an alternative embodiment for applying a solid particulate coating to an air stream component. An air stream component  1410  is moved, for example, along a conveying type device  1405  in direction A. The air stream component  1410  is composed, in part, of an exterior surface that exhibits an increased adhesive characteristic when the air stream component  1410  receives heat from a heating device  1430 . The heat initiates the adhesive characteristic of the exterior surfaces of the air stream component wherein the surfaces become receptive to particles of a solid particulate coating  1420  via a solid particulate coating delivery device  1440 . When the solid coated air stream component  1414  cools, the solid particulate coating  1420  is adhesively retained by the surfaces of the air stream component  1414 . 
     It should be emphasized that the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure, particularly, any “preferred” embodiments, are merely possible examples of implementations, merely set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of the disclosure. Many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiment(s) of the disclosure without departing substantially from the spirit and principles of the disclosure. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the present disclosure and protected by the following claims.