Abstract:
An LCD display element is provided that achieves a uniform LCD display panel by arranging individual LCD display elements side-by-side. The margin areas outside of the viewing field in the vicinity of the left and the right lateral edges of the LCD display element are configured to be equally narrow. The narrow width of the margin areas is achievable because row leads do not contact the row electrodes at one of their ends, but rather are routed in the spacing areas between individual column electrodes. Moreover, the electrical contact points are located in the spacing areas. In this manner, the wide lateral margin in the area of the contact points of the row electrodes, as in conventional LCD display elements, is avoided. Because the row leads are routed on the interior of the first cover plate, no contact strip is necessary in the area of penetration through the adhesive rim.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application is based on and hereby claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119 from German Patent Application No. DE 202007002770.2, filed on Feb. 26, 2007, in the German Patent Office, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. This application is a continuation of German Patent Application No. DE 202007002770.2. 
       TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present invention relates generally to LCD display elements, and more specifically to an LCD display panel with a plurality of novel LCD display elements. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    LCD display elements typically include a liquid crystal that is encased by means of an adhesive rim between two optically translucent cover plates. An electrode assembly in matrix form, with row and column electrodes, usually in strip form, is positioned between the two cover plates. The strip-type row electrodes are separated from one another by separation areas, and the strip-type column electrodes are separated from one another by spacing areas. The areas in which the row and column electrodes cross over one another, with the liquid crystal between them, define the individual pixels of an LCD display element. 
         [0004]      FIGS. 11 and 12  schematically illustrate two prior art variants of this type of pixel matrix configuration.  FIG. 11  shows one matrix LCD display element similar to the one disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,313,293 to Hirikata et al. The LCD display element  100  is rectangular and has a left lateral edge  101 , a right lateral edge  102 , an upper lateral edge  103  and a lower lateral edge  104 . The reference numeral  106  designates the adhesive rim, which attaches the two optically translucent cover plates to one another, thereby enclosing the liquid crystal. A matrix-type electrode assembly  108  is provided within the boundaries of the adhesive rim  106 . Matrix-type electrode assembly  108  has five strip-type, rectangular row electrodes ZE 1  through ZE 5 , which are arranged in parallel, one on top of another. Between each of the individual row electrodes ZE 1  through ZE 5 , a strip-type separation area  110  is provided that electrically insulates the row electrodes ZE from one another. The electrodes are positioned within a single plane on the interior side of one of the two cover plates. 
         [0005]    Perpendicular to the row electrodes ZE 1  through ZE 5  are five strip-type, rectangular column electrodes SE 1  through SE 5 . The column electrodes are arranged on the interior side of the other of the two cover plates, within a single plane. Strip-type spacing areas  112  are provided between each of the column electrodes SE. The spacing areas  112  electrically insulate the column electrodes SE from one another. The areas in which the row and column electrodes ZE and SE cross over one another, with the liquid crystal between them, define the individual pixels  114  of the LCD display element. The area of these pixels  114  designates a viewing field  116 , in which information can be optically displayed. The row and column electrodes ZE and SE are activated via row leads Z 1  through Z 5  and column leads S 1  through S 5 , respectively. The row leads Z 1  through Z 5  and the column leads S 1  through S 5  contact the strip-type row electrodes ZE and column electrodes SE, respectively, at one of their ends. The row leads Z 1  through Z 5  contact the row electrodes ZE 1  through ZE 5  at their ends, which lie in the vicinity of the left lateral edge  101 . The column leads S 1  through S 5  contact the column electrodes SE 1  through SE 5  in the vicinity of the lower lateral edge  104 . The column leads S 1  through S 5  are fed through the adhesive rim  106  in the vicinity of the lower lateral edge  104 . 
         [0006]    In a variant of the matrix LCD display element shown in  FIG. 11 , the row leads Z 1  through Z 5  are guided downward, within the boundaries of the adhesive rim, toward the lower lateral edge  104  to a contact strip  118 . In the vicinity of the contact strip  118 , the row leads Z are guided from the interior side of the upper cover plate to the interior side of the lower cover plate, where they also extend through the adhesive rim  106 .  FIG. 12  shows a variant of a matrix LCD display element in which the row leads are guided through the adhesive rim  106  in the vicinity of the left lateral edge  101  and remain on the interior side of the upper cover plate. United States Patent Application Publication 2001/0022640 to Nakahara discloses a process that uses electrically conductive particles in the adhesive rim to produce an electrically conductive connection between the electrodes on the interior sides of the upper and lower cover plates. 
         [0007]    As a result of the configuration of the leads in both of these prior art LCD display elements, a comparatively wide, optically unusable margin is created in the area of the left and lower lateral edges  101 ,  104 . When a plurality of such LCD display elements are arranged side by side, the LCD elements can be arranged flush against one another only along their lateral edges on which no row or column leads extend through the adhesive rim  106 . In other words, with the conventional LCD display element shown in FIG.  12 ., only four LCD elements can be arranged side-by-side, one on top of another without disruptive margins. In the variant of the matrix LCD display element shown in  FIG. 11 , in the case of a linear, side-by-side, flush arrangement, the widened area between the left lateral edge  101  and the viewing field  116  also results in clearly visible margins, creating a non-uniform display or viewing field. 
         [0008]    The variant of the matrix LCD display element shown in  FIG. 11  also results in clearly visible margins. The linear, side-by-side, flush arrangement shown in  FIG. 11  results in clearly visible margins in the widened area between the left lateral edge  101  and the viewing field  116  and creates a non-uniform display or viewing field. 
         [0009]    In order to eliminate the clearly visible margins and other disadvantages of the prior art configurations, an LCD display element is sought that can be assembled to create a uniform LCD display panel with a side-by-side arrangement of individual LCD display elements. A corresponding LCD display panel is also sought. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0010]    The margin areas outside of the viewing field in the vicinity of the left and the right lateral edges of an LCD display element are configured to be of equally narrow width. The narrow width of the margin areas is achievable because row leads do not contact the row electrodes at one of their ends, but are instead routed in the spacing areas between the individual column electrodes. Moreover, the electrical contact points are located in the spacing areas. In this manner, the wide lateral margin in the area of the contact points of the row electrodes as in the prior art is avoided. Because the row leads are routed on the interior side of the first cover plate, no contact strip as used in the prior art configuration of  FIG. 11  is necessary in the area of penetration through the adhesive rim. Because the connecting elements are narrower than the pixel segments, the row leads that extend in the spacing areas between the column electrodes are prevented from creating optically perceptible activations in the areas in which the row leads cross over the non-contacted row electrodes. 
         [0011]    If a number z of row electrodes is smaller than a number s of column electrodes, at most one row lead is routed between two column electrodes. If the number z of row electrodes is greater than or equal to the number s of column electrodes, then at least one row lead is routed between all column electrodes. In either case, the spacing areas are as narrow in configuration as possible. 
         [0012]    Both the row leads and the column leads are guided through the adhesive rim to the exterior along a shared, straight LCD edge or lateral edge. In this manner, the LCD elements can be arranged side-by-side along the remaining lateral edges to form an LCD panel display. 
         [0013]    The connecting elements electrically connect the pixel segments to one another alternately at their upper and lower edges. In this manner, the number of adhesive points is reduced. Depending upon the application, various forms can be selected for the strip-type electrodes and for the individual pixels that are created from them. Rounded forms or chamfered corners are particularly preferred because these allow more space for the electrical contact points and the adhesive points. 
         [0014]    A liquid crystal cell or an LCD display element having constant spacing between the two cover plates is created. The constant spacing is achieved by connecting the two cover plates to one another not only in the area of the adhesive rim, but also in the area of the adhesive points. The adhesive points are large enough in configuration that each row electrode is also covered by the adhesive point in the spacing area. In this manner, a potential activation of the row electrode in this area by the intersecting row lead is rendered imperceptible. A uniform optical appearance is created. 
         [0015]    The adhesive rim and the adhesive points can be applied to one of the cover plates in a single processing step. The adhesive points and/or the electrical contact points can also run together with the adhesive rim. Production of the electrical contact points is thereby simplified. 
         [0016]    An electrical conductor is prepared in a simple manner to be electrically conductive in only one direction, namely perpendicular to the first and second planes. The electrical conductor is not electrically conductive in a direction parallel to the first and second planes. 
         [0017]    Having an electrical conductor that is electrically conductive in only one direction makes it possible for the electrical contact points to be comparatively large in configuration. A short circuit between two adjacent row electrodes is not possible due to the absence of electrical conductivity in the direction parallel to the first and second planes. Because the average diameter of the conductive particles is somewhat larger than the distance between the two cover plates, the conductive particles are clamped between the two cover plates. Clamping the conductive particles between the two cover plates results in good electrical contact with the row electrode and the row lead allocated to it. Thus, a single layer of conductive particles is created. Because the electrically conductive particles are arranged spaced apart from one another, the electrical contact points are not electrically conductive in a transverse direction (a direction parallel to the first and second planes). This desirable arrangement of the conductive particles is achieved through a concentration and statistical distribution of the conductive particles in the adhesive material of the electrical contact points or on the liquid crystal alignment layer in the area of the electrical contact points. 
         [0018]    Satisfactory optical impressions for the LCD display elements are achieved when between 50% to 100% of the crossover areas between the spacing areas and separation areas are equipped with adhesive points. 
         [0019]    LCD elements that are rectangular in configuration can be joined flush against one another on three sides, allowing the margin area with the adhesive rim to be minimal in configuration. 
         [0020]    The rows and columns of the LCD display element can be transposed. The side on which the column leads contact the column electrodes can also be switched. 
         [0021]    Other embodiments and advantages are described in the detailed description below. This summary does not purport to define the invention. The invention is defined by the claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0022]    The accompanying drawings, where like numerals indicate like components, illustrate embodiments of the invention. 
           [0023]      FIG. 1  is a diagram of an LCD display element according to an embodiment of the invention. 
           [0024]      FIG. 2  is a diagram of the layout of the row electrodes of the embodiment of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0025]      FIG. 3  is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG. 1  along the A-A axis. 
           [0026]      FIG. 4  is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG. 1  along the B-B axis. 
           [0027]      FIG. 5  is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG. 1  along the C-C axis. 
           [0028]      FIGS. 6A-D  are schematic diagrams of various views of an electrical contact point of an LCD display element. 
           [0029]      FIGS. 7A-B  are schematic diagrams of various views of an adhesive point of an LCD display element. 
           [0030]      FIGS. 8A-B  are schematic diagrams of various views of an adhesive point with a row lead that extends into a spacing area. 
           [0031]      FIGS. 9A-B  are various views of a display panel including a plurality of LCD display elements that are arranged flush against one another, side-by-side and one above the other. 
           [0032]      FIG. 10A-B  are various views of a display panel including a plurality of LCD display elements that are arranged in the manner of shingles, side-by-side and partly overlapping one another. 
           [0033]      FIG. 11  is a schematic diagram of an LCD display element according to the prior art. 
           [0034]      FIG. 12  is a schematic diagram of another LCD display element according to the prior art. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0035]    Reference will now be made in detail to some embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. 
         [0036]      FIGS. 1 through 5  are schematic representations of various embodiments of LCD display elements.  FIG. 1  shows a rectangular LCD display element with a first, optically transparent cover plate  1  and a second optically translucent cover plate  2 . The two cover plates  1  and  2  are of equal width. The first cover plate  1  is somewhat longer than the second cover plate  2 , creating a contact margin  4 . The edges of the two cover plates  1  and  2  form a left lateral edge  5 , a right lateral edge  6 , an upper lateral edge  7  and a lower lateral edge  8 . A liquid crystal  10  is located between the two cover plates  1  and  2 . The optically transparent and translucent cover plates  1  and  2  are attached to one another, spaced somewhat apart from one another, by an adhesive rim  12 . The liquid crystal  10  is enclosed by the two cover plates  1  and  2  and the adhesive rim  12 . In one embodiment, liquid crystal  10  is a TN or an ETN liquid crystal and has a twisted liquid crystal structure. 
         [0037]    A matrix-type electrode assembly  14  is provided within the boundaries of the adhesive rim  12 . The matrix-type electrode assembly  14  has five strip-type row electrodes ZE 1  through ZE 5  and five strip-type, rectangular column electrodes SE 1  through SE 5 . The column electrodes SE are arranged within a first plane  16  on the interior side of the first cover plate  1 , and have a first electrode end  18  and a second electrode end  19 . Spacing areas  20  are provided between the individual column electrodes SE. The spacing areas  20  electrically insulate the column electrodes SE from one another. The row electrodes ZE are arranged within a second plane  22  on the interior side of the second cover plate  2 . The individual row electrodes ZE are electrically insulated from one another by separation areas  24 . The areas in which the row and column electrodes ZE and SE cross over one another, with the liquid crystal  10  between them, define the individual pixels  26  of the LCD display element. The area of these pixels  26  defines a viewing area  28  in which information can be optically displayed. 
         [0038]      FIG. 2  shows that the individual row electrodes ZE are significantly narrower in the spacing area than in the crossover or pixel area. Essentially, the individual row electrodes ZE consist of a plurality of pixel segments  30  that determine the shape of the individual pixels  26 . The pixel segments  30  are electrically connected to one another via connecting elements  32 . The connecting elements  32  alternatingly connect the upper and the lower edges of the pixel segments  30 . An LCD alignment layer  34  is also arranged on the interior side of the first or second cover plate. The LCD alignment layer  34  is arranged on top of the row electrodes ZE and column electrodes SE. 
         [0039]    The row electrodes ZE and column electrodes SE are activated via row leads Z 1  through Z 5  or via column leads S 1  through S 5 . Both the row leads Z 1  through Z 5  and the column leads S 1  through S 5  are arranged within the first plane  16  on the interior side of the first cover plate  1 . The column leads SE contact each of the column electrodes SE at their first electrode end  18 . The column leads S 1  through S 5  are routed out of the liquid crystal cell through the adhesive rim  12  to the contact margin  4  in the vicinity of the lower lateral edge  8 . The row leads Z 1  and Z 3  through Z 5  are routed between the column electrodes SE in the spacing areas  20 . The row lead Z 2  to the second row electrode ZE 2  is routed in the area between the fifth column electrode SE 5  and the adhesive rim  12  near the right lateral edge  6 . Alternatively, the second row lead Z 2  can also be routed under the adhesive rim  12 . 
         [0040]    Each of the individual row leads Z 1  through Z 5  extends within the first plane  16 , up to a point underneath the connecting element  32  of the row electrode ZE to be contacted. Each of the individual row leads Z 1  through Z 5  ends in an electrical contact point  36 . The electrical contact point  36  displaces the liquid crystal  10  from the first plane  16  to the second plane  22 . In the second plane  22 , the electrical contact point  36  electrically connects each connecting element  32  of the corresponding row electrode ZE to be contacted to the allocated row lead, as shown in  FIG. 3 . The electrical contact points  36  are to be electrically conductive only in a perpendicular direction to the cover plates  1  and  2 , as opposed to in a parallel direction to the cover plates. The electrical conductivity only in a perpendicular direction is indicated in  FIGS. 3 and 5  by perpendicular lines  37 . The manner in which the electrical conductivity is achieved in only one direction is later explained below in reference to  FIG. 6D . 
         [0041]      FIG. 1  shows that the first row lead Z 1  for activating the first row electrode ZE 1  is positioned between the third and fourth column electrodes SE 3  and SE 4 . The third row lead Z 3  for activating the third row electrode ZE 3  is positioned in the area between the second and third column electrodes SE 3  and SE 5 . The fourth row lead Z 4  for activating the fourth row electrode ZE 4  is positioned in the area between the first and second column electrodes SE 1  and SE 2 . The fifth row lead Z 5  for activating the fifth row electrode ZE 5  is positioned in the area between the fourth and fifth column electrodes SE 4  and SE 5 . 
         [0042]    The LCD display element of  FIG. 1  includes adhesive points  38  that are spaced evenly over the viewing field  28  at multiple areas in which separation areas  24  and spacing areas  20  cross over one another. The adhesive points  38  displace the liquid crystal  10  and connect the two cover plates  1  and  2  to one another in the manner of the adhesive rim  12 . The adhesive points  38  are preferably arranged at crossover areas between the separation area and the spacing area in which a row lead in the first plane  16  crosses over a connecting element  32  of a row electrode in the second plane  22  that is not to be activated. In this spatial configuration, however, this small crossover area could potentially be activated with corresponding activation signals. The adhesive points  38  provided in these areas prevent this. As shown in  FIG. 1 , either an adhesive point  38  or an electrical contact point  36  is preferably positioned at each crossover area between the separation areas  24  and the spacing areas  20  in which connecting elements  32  are present. A liquid crystal cell with a constant distance between the two cover plates  1  and  2  is achieved with the adhesive points  38 , which are evenly distributed over the viewing field  28  or the LCD display element. The liquid crystal cell therefore has a liquid crystal  10  of constant thickness. 
         [0043]      FIG. 3  shows a cross sectional view through the center of the spacing area  20  between the second and third column electrodes SE 2  and SE 3  along the line A-A in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 4  shows a cross sectional view along the center of the fourth column electrode SE 4  and the allocated fourth row lead Z 4  along the line B-B.  FIG. 5  shows a cross sectional view along the upper edge of the third row electrode ZE 3  along the line C-C. 
         [0044]    The illustration of the exemplary embodiment of the invention in  FIGS. 1 through 5  is merely schematic representation and is not true to scale.  FIGS. 6 through 8  are drawn more closely to scale and show four exemplary, directly adjacent pixels  26 . The pixels  26  (designated as pixel segments  30 - i ) have a rectangular basic shape with beveled or chamfered corners. The chamfered corners serve to enlarge the crossover areas between the spacing areas  20  and the separation areas  24 . This creates more space for the electrical contact points  36  and the adhesive points  38 . The separation areas  24  are approximately 0.05 mm wide and therefore are much thinner than the approximately 0.3 mm thick spacing areas  20  in which the row leads Z are routed. The row leads Z are approximately 0.1 mm wide. The connecting elements  32 - i  are also approximately 0.1 mm wide. The diameter of the adhesive points  38  and the electrical contact points  36  is approximately 0.35 mm. The individual pixels  26  have a width of approximately 1.8 mm and a height of approximately 2.1 mm. 
         [0045]      FIG. 6A  shows an electrical contact point  36  located between four pixels  26  (designated as pixel segments  30 - 1  through  30 - 4 ) in the area in which a spacing area  20  and a separation area  24  cross over one another.  FIG. 6B  is an enlarged view of the electrical contact point  36  of  FIG. 6A .  FIG. 6C  shows a cross section along the line A-A of  FIG. 6B .  FIG. 6D  shows an enlarged section of  FIG. 6C . The area shown in  FIGS. 6A-D  corresponds to the electrical contact point  36  in  FIG. 1 , which connects the fourth row lead Z 4  to the fourth row electrode ZE 4 . The pixel segments  30 - 1  and  30 - 2  are a part of the fifth row electrode ZE 5  and are connected to one another via a connecting element  32 - 1 . The pixel segments  30 - 3  and  30 - 4  are connected to one another via a connecting element  32 - 2 . The pixel segments  30 - 3  and  30 - 4  are a part of the fourth row electrode ZE 4 , which is to be contacted. Consistent with the configuration of connecting elements  32 - i  shown in  FIG. 2 , the connecting elements  32 - 3 ,  32 - 4 ,  32 - 5  and  32 - 6  in  FIG. 6A  are inserted diagonally opposite the connecting elements  32 - 1  and  32 - 2 . 
         [0046]    As was already discussed in the description of  FIGS. 1 through 5 , the electrical contact points  36  are electrically conductive only in a direction perpendicular to the electrode assembly  14 . This is achieved through an arrangement and configuration of electrically conductive particles  40  in the electrical contact points  36 . The spacing “d” shown in  FIG. 6D  between the interior sides of the two cover plates  1  and  2  is approximately 5 to 10 μm. The diameter of an electrical contact point  36 , from a plan perspective, is approximately 0.35 mm as shown in  FIG. 6B . The conductive particles  40 , e.g., in the form of tiny gold spheres, have an average diameter that is somewhat larger than the cell gap “d”. Thus, the average diameter of the conductive particles  40  is between 10% and 20% larger than the spacing “d” between the two cover plates  1  and  2 . Therefore, the conductive particles  40  are clamped and compressed between the two cover plates  1  and  2  so that a good electrical contact to the fourth row electrode ZE 4  and the fourth row lead Z 4  is created.  FIG. 6B  shows that the single layer of electrically conductive particles  40  is statistically distributed over the cross-sectional surface of the electrical contact points in such a way that an average distance “D” results between the individual particles  40 , which is substantially larger than their diameter. Thus the electrical contact points  36  are not electrically conductive in a direction parallel to the cover plates  1  and  2  (a “transverse” direction) or parallel to the first and second planes  16  and  22 . The fourth row lead Z 4  ends precisely beneath the connecting element  32 - 2  so that the tiny gold spheres  40  distributed over the entire cross-sectional surface of the electrical contact point  36  produce an electrical contact only between the connecting element  32 - 2  and the end of the fourth row lead Z 4  located directly beneath it. 
         [0047]      FIGS. 7A and 7B  show an adhesive point  38  between four pixels  26  (designated as pixel segments  30 - 1  through  30 - 4 ) in a manner similar to the diagrams in  FIGS. 6A through 6D .  FIGS. 7A and 7B  correspond to the illustration of the adhesive point  38  in  FIG. 1  between the third and fourth column electrodes SE 3  and SE 4  and the fourth and fifth row electrodes ZE 4  and ZE 5  or the third and fourth row electrodes ZE 3  and ZE 4 . 
         [0048]      FIGS. 8A and 8B  show an adhesive point  38  beneath which a row lead Z extends. For example, this corresponds to the adhesive points  38  in  FIG. 1  between the first and second column electrodes SE 1  and SE 2  and the second and third row electrodes ZE 2  and ZE 3 . Alternatively, this corresponds to the adhesive points  38  in  FIG. 1  between the fourth and fifth column electrodes SE 4  and SE 5  and the third and fourth row electrodes ZE 3  and ZE 4 .  FIGS. 6 through 8  also indicate exemplary dimensions for the individual pixels  26 , the row leads Z, the spacing areas  20  and the separation areas  24 . It is also apparent that the pixels  26  or the pixel segments  30 - i  have a rectangular basic shape, with chamfered corners. The separation areas  24  can be thinner and narrower in configuration than the spacing areas  20  because no leads are routed in the separation areas  24  between the individual row electrodes ZE. The width of the connecting elements  32  is within the range of the width of the row leads Z. 
         [0049]      FIGS. 9A and 9   b  show an exemplary embodiment of a display panel that includes eight LCD display elements  42 - 1  through  42 - 8 .  FIG. 9A  shows a plan view, and  FIG. 9B  shows a side view. Four LCD display elements  42 - 1  through  42 - 4  are arranged side by side in a line, flush against one another. The four other LCD display elements  42 - 5  through  42 - 8  are arranged side-by-side in a second line, rotated  1800 , also flush against one another and flush against the first four LCD display elements  42 - 1  through  42 - 4 . The contact margins  4  of the individual LCD display elements are each positioned at the outside, on the upper and lower edges of the display panel. The routing of the row leads Z allows the optically inactive margin in the area of the left, the upper and the right lateral edges  5 ,  6  and  7  to be thin and narrow enough in configuration that it is around half the width of a spacing area  20 . Thus, the crossover between two LCD display elements arranged flush against one another is nearly optically imperceptible. 
         [0050]      FIGS. 10A and 10B  show an alternative embodiment of a display panel having a matrix arrangement of individual LCD display elements  42 - i  with four rows AZ and three columns AS.  FIG. 10A  shows a plan view, and  FIG. 10B  shows a side view. The LCD elements  42 - i  are arranged in a line in the manner of shingles overlapping one another in the area of the contact margin  4 . The individual rows AZ are arranged flush against one another, side-by-side. In this manner, nearly any size display panel can be produced. The embodiment shown in  FIG. 10  is especially suitable for use in reflective LCD display elements having a cholesteric liquid crystal. 
         [0051]    Although the present invention has been described in connection with certain specific embodiments for instructional purposes, the present invention is not limited thereto. Accordingly, various modifications, adaptations, and combinations of various features of the described embodiments can be practiced without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the claims.