Abstract:
A contact line, a connecting element for connecting two busbars of the contact line, and a method for connecting the two busbars. The connecting element can be produced easily and inexpensively and can be easily assembled in situ and allows a quick and simple connection of conductor strands of a contact line. The connecting element has a main part with connecting depressions on at least one longitudinal face of the main part for crimping to at least one lateral wall of the busbars; a contact line has such a connecting element; and a method includes the following steps: plugging the connecting element into respective elongated cavities of the two busbars; aligning pressing bars of a crimping tool relative to corresponding connecting depressions of the connecting element; and inserting lateral walls of the busbars into the connecting depressions and plastically deforming the walls using the pressing bars.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention concerns a connecting element for the connection of conductor strands of a contact line, an assembly kit for a contact line, a contact line, and a method for producing a contact line. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     From DE 197 55 513 C2, an expansion connector for successive busbars of a contact line is known. The expansion connector can be plugged into longitudinal cavities of adjacent busbars and automatically produces the electrical connection between the busbars. For this purpose, it has a plastic holder which has a cross bar at the height of the longitudinal cavities of the two busbars, from which two metal bars go out, on both sides and in the longitudinal direction of the busbars; in a direction vertical to the longitudinal direction and the cross bar, these metal bars are acted on elastically so they are kept apart. The metal bars mesh into the longitudinal cavities and are pressed elastically against the inside surface of the metal profile of the busbars. There, the elastic action of the metal bars should ensure that an electrical connection is guaranteed to be secure in all conceivable relative positions of the busbars and the plastic holder. The design of the expansion connector, however, is complex, since, there, the coil springs, which force apart the metal bars, must be inserted into the boreholes of the cross bar. 
     If the spring force slackens over the course of time, there is also the risk of an undesired loosening of the connected busbars. Furthermore, for the secure fastening of the plastic holder on the busbars, molded pins must be provided on the plastic holder; they mesh into corresponding boreholes of the expansion connector. This is disadvantageous since the plastic pins can break off. In addition, during the installation, an exact centering of the pins on the boreholes must be carried out. These structures increase the construction cost for the production of the expansion connector and complicate the installation of the expansion connector in situ. 
     FR 2 889 773 A1 discloses a connecting element of a contact line with two claws, which embrace the lateral walls of the contact line busbars and press them against a stop element, so as to make possible both a mechanical and also an electrically secure connection. For the fixing, the claws are screwed with one another in an expensive and time-consuming process. In addition, holes into the lateral walls of the contact lines and corresponding pins on the connecting element are provided there, so as to prevent a displacement of the connecting element in the longitudinal direction. Since the claws are fixed via screw connections which can be loosened, in turn, a permanent deformation of the bent lateral flanks there is not desired and is prevented by, among other things, a stop element that is situated between the lateral flanks. 
     DE 295 09 987 U1 discloses an assembly kit of plug connectors for connecting at least two single- or multiphase busbars in the low-voltage range for the installation of lights in the low-voltage range. The plug connector is solidly constructed, so that it completely closes the cavities into the busbars which are to be connected. Thus, it cannot be inserted in contact lines, since in their cavities, the sliding contacts must be able to engage freely and slide through. 
     DE 196 41 090 C2 discloses a connector for busbars, wherein the connector is an elbow that consists of a hinge in at least two parts that are connected with one another by a hinged axle in such a way that they can rotate. Coupling parts are placed on the elbow parts; they are plugged into cavities on the ends of the busbars that are to be connected with one another. The elbow does not have a continuous cavity, so that the connector cannot be used with contact lines, since the sliding contacts cannot slide freely through the cavities of the busbars. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Therefore, one embodiment disclosed is a connecting element for the connection of two conductor strands of a contact line that is made simply and inexpensively, can be easily assembled in situ, and makes possible a quick and simple connection of the conductor strands of a contact line. 
     Also disclosed are other embodiments of a connecting element, an assembly kit for a contact line, a contact line, and a method for connecting two busbars of a contact line. Advantageous developments and appropriate refinements of the invention are also disclosed. 
     A connecting element mentioned in the beginning is characterized in accordance with the invention in that on at least one of its longitudinal sides, the main part has connecting depressions for crimping to at least one lateral wall of the busbars. 
     Preferably, on both longitudinal sides of the main part, opposite one another, connecting depressions can be provided for crimping to lateral walls of the busbars opposite one another. Since both longitudinal sides in the area of the connecting depressions are plastically deformed into them, a good electrically conducting and mechanically firm connection is produced, which, moreover, can be brought about quickly. 
     Preferably, the connecting depressions can be open upward and/or formed in the shape of a U. Furthermore, between adjacent connecting depressions, connecting bars can be advantageously formed. 
     In order to avoid inserting the connecting element too far into the busbars and to be able to simply and quickly align pressing bars, situated in a crimping tool for the crimping, with the connecting depressions, the main part can have at least one longitudinal stop that protrudes transverse to the longitudinal direction of the main part. 
     Advantageously, the main part can have at least one centering bar running in a longitudinal direction, which lies in a longitudinal centering opening of the busbars. The centering bar can advantageously be used as a pressing surface for the centering edges of the busbars, which are pressed during the crimping on the centering bar and then are pressed together with the lateral walls of the busbars. 
     V-shaped longitudinal grooves can thereby run in a parallel and lateral manner relative to the centering bar. Furthermore, the connecting depressions can advantageously completely interrupt the outer edges of the V-shaped longitudinal grooves toward the top. Preferably, the outer edges of the V-shaped longitudinal grooves can still stand in the area of connecting bars formed between adjacent connecting depressions. 
     An initially mentioned assembly kit is characterized in accordance with the invention by a connecting element in accordance with the invention which is described above and below. Advantageously, the assembly kit can comprise a crimping tool for the production of an electrically conducting crimping connection between the first conductor strand and the connecting element and the second conductor strand and the connecting element, wherein the crimping tool advantageously has an inspection opening for the visual centering of the crimping tool opposite the connecting site of the conductor strands. This makes possible a simple and quick assembly of the contact line in situ. 
     An initially mentioned contact line in accordance with the invention is characterized by a connecting element in accordance with the invention which is described above and below. The contact line can advantageously provide an insulating cover to cover a connecting site of two conductor strands that are connected with one another, so as to avoid risks to the personnel during the operation of the contact line. 
     A method for the connecting of two busbars of a contact line by means of a connecting element in accordance with the invention described above and below is characterized in accordance with the invention by the following steps: a) plugging the connecting element into the individual longitudinal cavities of the two busbars which are to be connected; b) alignment of the pressing bars of a crimping tool with the corresponding connecting depressions of the connecting element; and c) pressing in, and thereby the plastic deformation of, the lateral walls of the busbars into the connecting depressions by means of the pressing bars of the crimping tool. Preferably, in step b), the pressing bars can be thereby aligned with the connecting site between the two busbars via an inspection opening of the crimping tool. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Other features and advantages of the invention can be deduced from the following description of a preferred embodiment example, with the aid of the drawings. The figures show the following: 
         FIG. 1 , a schematic three-dimensional inclined view of a connecting element in accordance with the invention and two conductor strands of a contact line before the connection; 
         FIG. 2 , a partially connected contact line in accordance with  FIG. 1 , in an enlarged representation; 
         FIG. 3 , a completely connected contact line in accordance with  FIG. 1 , with connecting tools for the setting up of the connection of the two conductor strands; 
         FIG. 4 , a partially cutaway view of the completely connected contact line from  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 5 , the connected contact line from  FIG. 4  with a protective cover in a partially cutaway view; 
         FIG. 6 , a cross section through the contact line from  FIG. 4 , along plane A; 
         FIG. 7 , a cross section through the contact line from  FIG. 4 , along a connecting site that runs through plane B. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       FIG. 1  shows a section of a contact line  1 . Since the contact line  1  is very long, it is, as a rule, composed of a large number of successive conductor strands, which may have only a specific maximum length because of transport reasons. By way of example,  FIG. 1  shows such a site, on which a first conductor strand  2  is to be connected with a second conductor strand  3 . 
     In a manner which is, in fact, known, the conductor strands  2 ,  3  respectively consist of a first busbar  4  and a second busbar  5 , which are respectively surrounding by a first insulating profile  6  and a second insulating profile  7  made of plastic, which are made of an electrically insulating plastic material. The busbars  4 ,  5  are preferably made of a relatively soft material with good electrical conductivity, such as aluminum or copper. Basically, however, harder materials, such as steel, can also be used. 
     In a manner which is, in fact, known, the contact line  1  is used to provide electrical energy to an electrical consumer which can be displaced on it, in its longitudinal direction L, or is arranged so it can move freely. To this end, the consumer has a current collector with a contact strip S, which is merely alluded to in  FIGS. 6 and 7 , which slides along into the busbars  4 ,  5  and produces the electrical connection between the consumer and the contact line  1 . Also, several contact lines  1  are often arranged parallel to one another, so that a corresponding number of contact strips S is used. The consumer with the current collector is sufficiently known, so that a graphic representation has been dispensed with. 
     The structure of the conductor strands  2 ,  3  is described with the aid of the cross section through the left conductor strand  2 , in  FIGS. 1 to 5 , along the plane A in  FIG. 4 . Since the conductor strands  2 ,  3  are designed identical to the busbars  4 ,  5  and the insulating profiles  6 ,  7 , the corresponding statements are also valid for the right conductor strand  3  in  FIGS. 1 to 5 . 
       FIG. 6  shows that the first insulating profile  6  has an essentially U-shaped cross section with a middle section  8 , from which insulating walls  9 ,  9 ′ run essentially perpendicularly. On their free ends, the insulating walls  9 ,  9 ′ have retaining lugs  10 ,  10 ′, which point backward to the middle section  8 , so that retaining grooves  11 ,  11 ′ are formed between the insulating walls  9 ,  9 ′ and the retaining lugs  10 ,  10 ′ for the detachable holding of the first busbar  4 . 
     As can be seen clearly in  FIG. 6 , the first busbar  4  is produced from an elongated sheet metal strand and has an essentially H-shaped cross section. The crossbeam of the H-shaped cross section thereby forms a trough-shaped contact section  12  for the contact strip S of the current collector of the electrical consumer, which can be displaced along the contact line  1 . 
     From the contact section  12 , the sheet metal strand first runs perpendicularly in the direction of the contact strip S. By bending the sheet metal strand by 180°, retaining bars  13 ,  13  with double the sheet metal thickness are formed which are then converted into lateral walls  14 ,  14 ′ that run in the direction of the contact section  12  and beyond. On one side of the contact section  12 , opposite the retaining bars  13 ,  13 ′, the lateral walls  14 ,  14 ′ are bent downward and toward the contact section  12  for the formation of centering edges  15 ,  15 ′. The contact section  12 , the lateral walls  14 ,  14 ′, and the centering edges  15 ,  15 ′ form a longitudinal cavity  16  with a centering opening  17  between the centering edges  15 ,  15 ′. 
     In order to connect the first insulating profile  6  with the first busbar  4 , the first busbar  4  is inserted into the first insulating profile  6  on the front side. The retaining lugs  10 ,  10 ′ thereby embrace the retaining bars  13 ,  13 ′ so that the first busbar  4  cannot fall downward from the first insulating profile  6 . As indicated in  FIG. 1 , the first insulating profile  6  can then be displaced in the longitudinal direction L, opposite the first busbar  4 , without dropping down from it. Moreover, the retaining lugs  10 ,  10 ′ are a contact protection for the first busbar  4 , which carries current and voltage when in operation, and, in particular, for the retaining bars  13 ,  13 ′. The opening between the retaining lugs  10 ,  10 ′ is thereby just wide enough that the contact strip S can be in sliding contact with the contact section  12 , and, on the other hand, is narrow enough so that the busbar  4  cannot not be touched with a finger. 
     In order to connect the two conductor strands  2  and  3  to each other in an electrically conducting and mechanical manner, a connecting element  18  in accordance with the invention is provided, which can be seen particularly clearly in  FIGS. 1, 2, and 7 . The connecting element  18  has an elongated main part  19  with an outer contour that is extensively adapted to the longitudinal cavity  16  and the centering opening  17  of the busbar  4 ,  5 . The connecting element  18  is preferably made of the same material as the busbars, so as to avoid corrosion due to the different materials. If different materials are used, a harder material than that of the busbars  4 ,  5  is selected for the connecting element  18 . 
     In order to prevent the connecting element  18  from being inserted too far into the busbars  4 ,  5  during the assembly in situ, it has, in its longitudinal middle, transverse to the longitudinal direction L, longitudinal stops  20 ,  20 ′ that protrude laterally outward. The longitudinal stops  20 ,  20 ′ then bump into the busbars  4 ,  5  on their individual front sides during the insertion of the connecting element  18 . Preferably, the longitudinal stops  20 ,  20 ′ protrude laterally so far beyond the main part  19  that the front sides of the insulating profiles  6 ,  7  also bump into them. Thus, the bumping site between the two conductor strands  2 ,  3  can be easily detected during the assembly process. 
     In order to be able to insert the connecting element  18  more simply in the longitudinal direction L into the longitudinal cavities  16  of the busbars  4 ,  5 , opposing insertion ends  21 ,  21 ′ taper at their ends; in the embodiment example under consideration, this occurs in that the underside of the main part  19  is inclined upward and the longitudinal sides of the main part  19  is inclined inward toward the central longitudinal axle of the main part  19 . 
     In order to further simplify the insertion of the connecting element  18  into the busbars, a centering bar  22  is provided, which runs continuously in the longitudinal direction of the main part  19  and which is situated above in the drawings. The centering bar  22  is somewhat narrower than the centering opening  17 , so that it can be inserted unimpeded, as can be clearly seen in  FIG. 7 . Moreover, approximately V-shaped longitudinal grooves  23 ,  23 ′, which are open upward, are provided at the lower end of the centering bar  22 ; they are adapted to the V-shaped centering edges  15 ,  15 ′ of the busbars  4 ,  5 , which are bent inward at an incline. This ensures a centered insertion of the connecting element  18  into the busbars  4 ,  5 . 
     On its underside, opposite the centering bar  22 , the main part  19  has a wide middle groove  24 , which can be seen in  FIG. 7 , in which the trough-shaped contact section  12  of the busbar  4  lies. Here too, the best possible and centered seat of the connecting element  18  in the busbars  4 ,  5  is ensured. 
     Basically, in the area of the trough-shaped contact section  12  between the busbars  4 ,  5 , a gap is formed that corresponds to the width of the longitudinal stops  20 ,  20 ′ and on which the contact strip S can be tilted or abraded. In order to avoid this, the main part  19 , on its underside at the site of the longitudinal stops  20 ,  20 ′, can advantageously have a protruding compensation bar, which cannot be seen in the drawings and which is as high as or slightly lower than the sheet metal thickness of the busbars  4 ,  5  in the area of the trough-shaped contact section  12 . 
     In order to make possible a safe electrically conducting and mechanically firm connection of the two busbars  4 ,  5  and thus of the first and second conductor strands  2 ,  3 , several U-shaped connecting depressions  25 ,  25 ′, which are open upward, are introduced into the longitudinal sides of the main part  19 , opposite one another, between which connecting bars  26 ,  26 ′ are formed. For reasons having to do with a simpler description, all connecting depressions lying on one longitudinal side are designated with the same reference numbers  25  and  25 ′. The same applies to the connecting bars  26  and  26 ′. The connecting depressions  25 ,  25 ′ are designed identical here and are distributed over the longitudinal sides of the main part  19 , to the right and to the left of the longitudinal stops  20 ,  20 ′, at the same distance from one another. The U-shaped connecting depressions  25 ,  25 ′, which are open upward, completely interrupt the outer edges of the V-shaped longitudinal grooves  23 ,  23 ′ toward the top, as can be seen in  FIG. 7 . Since in the area of the connecting bars  26 ,  26 ′, the outer edges of the V-shaped longitudinal groves  23 ,  23 ′ are still there, these areas offer a sufficient guide for the centering edges  15 ,  15 ′, turned inward at an incline, during the insertion of the connecting element  18  into the busbars  4 ,  5 . 
     After plugging in the connecting element  18  into the two conductor strands  2 ,  3 , and for the purpose of connecting them with one another in a mechanically firm and electrically conducting manner, the lateral walls  14 ,  14 ′ of the busbars  4 ,  5  are definitely consigned to the U-shaped connecting depressions  25 ,  25 ′ by means of a crimping tool  27 , shown in  FIG. 3 . To this end, the crimping tool  27  has two identically designed tool halves  28 ,  29 , so that only one tool half  28  is described below. Transverse to the longitudinal direction, the tool half  28  has an essentially U-shaped cross section, so that holding bars  30 ,  30 ′ are formed. A corresponding number of pressing bars  32  are provided, in accordance with the positions of the connecting depressions  25 ′ on the main part  19 , on a crimping surface  31  of the tool half  28  between the holding bars  30 ,  30 ′. 
     The inner distance between the holding bars  30 ,  30 ′ is somewhat larger than the height of the insulating profiles  6 ,  7 , so that the holding bars  30 ,  30 ′ embrace the conductor strands  2 ,  3  laterally and ensure a positioning of the tool halves  28 ,  29  and thus of the pressing bars  32  opposite the connecting depressions  25  in the height direction of the conductor strands  2 ,  3 . 
     Furthermore, a continuous inspection opening  33  (on tool half  28 ),  33 ′ (on tool half  29 ) is provided in the longitudinal middle of the tool halves  28 ,  29 , so as to be able to position the tool halves  28 ,  29  opposite the longitudinal stops  20 ,  20 ′. In this way, an exact positioning of the pressing bars  32  opposite the connecting depressions  25 , in the longitudinal direction L, is attained. 
     To bring about the crimping connection in accordance with  FIGS. 3 and 4 , the two tool halves  28 ,  29  are then aligned on the longitudinal stops  20 ,  20 ′ via the inspection openings  33 ,  33 ′, wherein the pressing bars  32  are aligned on the connecting depressions  25 ,  25 ′, covered by the first and second insulating profiles  20 ,  20 ′ Subsequently, the tool halves  28 ,  29 , aligned relative to one another, are pressed on one another, wherein the pressing bars  32  press both the insulating walls  9 ,  9 ′ of the first and second insulating profiles  6 ,  7  and also the lateral walls  14 ,  14 ′ of the busbars  4 ,  5  into the connecting depressions  25 ,  25 ′. The pressing bars  32  are therefore somewhat narrower and shorter than the connecting depressions  25 ′, so as to prevent the punching out of the lateral walls  14 ,  14 ′ during the crimping of the busbars  4 ,  5  with the connecting element  18 . 
     As can be seen particularly well in  FIG. 4  and with the aid of the section through the crimping site  34 , along plane B in  FIG. 7 , the centering edges  15 ,  15 ′ in the area of the connecting depressions  25 ,  25 ′ are moved in this way against the centering bar  22  and pressed so strongly that they are plastically deformed there and thus are permanently present on the centering bar  22 . In this way, an additional safe transfer of the current between the busbars  4 ,  5  is ensured via the connecting element  18 . Since the lateral walls  14 ,  14 ′ of the busbars are permanently and firmly inserted into the connecting depressions  25 ,  25 ′ in a plastically deformed manner, a safe and permanently firm mechanical connection between the connecting element  18  and the busbars  4 ,  5  is also attained for the good electrically conducting connection. In this way, a quick and nevertheless safe connection with good conductivity is also produced, wherein, in particular, no additional securing elements, such as screw connections, pins, or the like, have to be provided. 
     Since the busbars  4 ,  5  are preferably made of a relatively soft material with good electrical conductivity, such as aluminum or copper, the crimping connection described above can be produced simply and with a low assembly effort. Basically, however, harder materials, such as steel, can also be used, if the material thickness will still permit a crimping of the lateral walls. 
     Since the insulating walls  9 ,  9 ′ are also pressed in and are permanently plastically deformed by the pressing bars  32 , the insulating profiles  6 ,  7  are also defined in the longitudinal direction. 
     In order to prevent a contacting of the longitudinal stops  20 ,  20 ′, which are not covered by the insulating profiles  6 ,  7 , a U-shaped plastic cover  35  is still clipped on over the bumping site of the two crimped conductor strands  2 , 3  after the crimping, which leaves open the intervention opening for the contact strip S of the current collector. 
     LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS 
     
         
           1  Contact line 
           2  First conductor strand 
           3  Second conductor strand 
           4  First busbar 
           5  Second busbar 
           6  First insulating profile 
           7  Second insulating profile 
           8  Middle section 
           9 ,  9 ′ Insulating walls 
           10 ,  10 ′ Retaining lugs 
           11 ,  11 ′ Retaining grooves 
           12  Trough-shaped contact section 
           13 ,  13 ′ Retaining bars 
           14 ,  14 ′ Lateral walls 
           15 ,  15 ′ Centering edges 
           16  Longitudinal cavity 
           17  Centering opening 
           18  Connecting element 
           19  Main part 
           20 ,  20 ′ Longitudinal stops 
           21 ,  21 ′ Insertion ends 
           22  Centering bar 
           23 ,  23 ′ V-shaped longitudinal grooves 
           24  Middle groove 
           25 ,  25 ′ U-shaped connecting depressions 
           26  Connecting bars 
           27  Crimping tool 
           28  First tool half 
           29  Second tool half 
           30 ,  30 ′ Holding bars 
           31  Crimping surface 
           32  Pressing bars 
           33 ,  33 ′ Inspection openings 
           34  Crimping site 
           35  Insulating cover