Abstract:
The present invention deals with pesticidal compositions comprising as the active component a silicon ester of formula (I), and a method for controlling insects, mites, nematodes and fungi, by the application of such a composition. The invention is further directed to a method for the preparation silicon esters of formula (I) and some such novel compounds.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to silicon esters and to their application for the control of pests.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Various types of pesticides are known in the art. They are either synthetic or derived from natural products. The active pesticides are usually applied in the form of specific formulations each designed for a predetermined use. Thus pesticides may be dissolved or emulsified in aqueous or other hydrophilic solutions or may be dissolved in organic solutions together with appropriate additives. They may be dispersed or applied as dust. Surfactants play an important role in many of commonly used pesticidal formulations used in household or in the field.  
           [0003]    Most chemical pesticides are inherently toxic and efforts to minimize their residual environmental are constantly being made. One approach is to design biodegradable pesticide, which will be disintegrated biochemically into non-hazardous entities, provided their hydrolysis products are nontoxic. Introducing labile groups into active pesticide compounds facilitating their future breakdown is a rather known approach.  
           [0004]    EP 249,015 and EP 224,024 disclose pesticides containing a silicon moeity such as (4-ethoxyphenyl)-(dimethyl)-silane. U.S. Pat. No. 5,026,874 discloses yet another family of pesticides, which may comprise a silyl group.  
           [0005]    Silicon containing compounds having at least one hydrolyzable Si—O—C bond Kirk-Othmer  Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology  4 th  edition, Vol. 22, pages 31-142) are known as biodegradable compounds having very low LD 50  values. These compounds are frequently used as catalysts for concrete hardening, silanization agents in textile and surfactants. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,282,207 and 4,500,339, for example, disclose use of such hydrolyzable silicon compounds as slow release carriers for pesticides and microbiocides. It is also a fact of pesticide activities of halogenated phenoxysilanes (U.S. Pat. No. 3,546,267), some non-substituted phenyl alkoxysilanes (EP 0152852), alkyl alkoxysilanes (EP 0152852 and JP59/016,811), and tetra alkoxysilanes or their condensation products (EP 0152852). Furthermore, pesticide properties are inherent in silicon containing compounds chosen from the group consisting of siloxane-glycol and siloxane-alkylene oxide copolymers (EP 0191 543, WO 01/19190 A1 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,656,162). These copolymers may contain also (poly)oxyalkylene group substituted with “monovalent hydrocarbyl group selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl,aryl and aralkyl, or an acyl group” (U.S. Pat. No. 4,656,162). EP 249,015 and EP 224,024 disclose pesticides containing a silicon moiety such as (4-ethoxyphenyl)-(dimethyl)silane. U.S. Pat. No. 5,026,874 discloses yet another family of pesticides, which may comprise a silyl group. There are many stable organosilicon compounds in prior art, for example polysiloxanes of PCT WO 01/19190 A1, and EP249015B1.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    There is accordingly a need in the art to find more environmentally friendly pesticides and pesticide formulations in order to decrease the hazardous consequences of pesticide applications.  
           [0007]    The present invention thus provides a pesticidal composition comprising as the active component a silicon ester compound of formula (I) for use in the control of pests, more specifically, for the control of insects, mites, nematodes and fungi:  
           R 1   A (R 2 O) B (R 3 O) C SiO[R 1   D (R 4 O) E R 5   F SiO] X [R 1   G R 5   P R 6   Q SiO] Y R 4    (I) 
           [0008]    wherein:  
           [0009]    A=0-1 and B, C=0-3 and A+B+C=3;  
           [0010]    D=0-1 and E, F=0-2 and D+E+F=2;  
           [0011]    G=0-1 and P,Q=0-2 and G+P+Q=2;  
           [0012]    X, Y≧0  
           [0013]    1. R 1  and R 3  may be the same or different and are C 1 -C 20 alkyl or C 6 -C 20 aryl;  
           [0014]    2. R 2  is R(OC n H 2n ) m , n=2-4; m=0-20, wherein R may be:  
           [0015]    A). Poly- or per-fluorosubstituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl or C 3 -C 30 alkenyl; or  
           [0016]    B). Alkaryl-R′R″—C 6 H 3 —, where R′ is C 3 -C 20 alkyl, R″═R′; or  
           [0017]    C). Nitrogen-containing radical of general formula R′R″NCH 2 CH 2 —, where R′ is C 1 -C 30 alkyl or C 3 -C 30 alkenyl, including poly-or per-fluoroderivatives; R″ is R′ or H or alkylsulfonyl, R′″SO 2 —, where R′″ is C 1 -C 30 alkyl or C 3 -C 30 alkenyl, or its poly-or per-fluoroderivatives; or  
           [0018]    D). Heterocyclic moiety selected from the group comprising of (tetahydro)furfuryl, N-pyperidyl- and N-morpholyl- ; or  
           [0019]    E). Mono-, di- or oligosaccharide or its derivative; or  
           [0020]    F). Polyol monoalkanoate,  
           [0021]    3. R 4  is R 2  or R 3    
           [0022]    4. R 5  is R 1   A (R 2 O) B (R 3 O) C SiO— 
           [0023]    5. R 6  is R 5 [R 1   D (R 4 O) E R 5   F SiO] Z -, Z≧0  
           [0024]    provided that  
           [0025]    a. the compound comprises at least one silicon atom having at least three Si—O bonds;  
           [0026]    b. the compound comprises at least one R 2  radical.  
           [0027]    The composition may comprise the compound of formula (I) alone or together with appropriate additives so as to obtain a useful formulation for the application of the pesticide. The composition may be an aqueous or a non-aqueous solution, which may further comprise surfactants. The amount of the compound of formula (I) in the composition depends on the nature of the formulation and may be in the range of from about 0.03% to about 20% (w) in an aqueous solution and from about 20% to about 99% (w) in a non-aqueous solution. The amount of the added surfactant may be up to about 6 times that of the amount of the compound (I) in the composition.  
           [0028]    The invention further provides novel compounds of formula (I).  
           [0029]    The invention still further provides a method for the synthesis of the compounds of formula (I) by reaction of the silicon-containing compound of formula (II):  
           R′ n X 3-n Si(OSi R′ n X 2-n ) m  X   (II)  
           [0030]    wherein n=0-2, m=0-100, X=Hal, H, OR′, NR′ 2 , SR′ wherein R′ is monovalent organic residue;  
           [0031]    with a alkylpolyalkylene glycol ether of formula (III)  
           R(OC n H 2n ) m  OH   (III),  
           [0032]    where R is a monovalent organic residue, n is 2-4 and m is 1-20, or the corresponding sodium or potassium alcoholates of formula (IV): R(OC n H 2n ) m OM (M═Na, K), or esters of formula (V):R(OC n H 2n ) m OC(O)R′, where R′ is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical, or 1,2-epoxy-derivatives of formula (VI): R(OC n H 2n ) m O(CH 2 ) x CH(O)CH 2 , wherein x=0-4, such as alcohol alkoxylate glycidyl ethers.  
         DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
         [0033]    As mentioned above the invention is directed to a pesticidal composition comprising as the active ingredient a silicon compound of formula I. It was found that silicon compounds of formula I which have Si—O—C bonds have pesticidal activity and may thus be used as pesticides, in particluar for the control of insects, mites, nematodes and fungi. Due to the presence of Si—O—C bonds, the silicon compound I may be hydrolyzed by various naturally occurring mechanisms, diminishing the residual risk after its application.  
           [0034]    The composition may be an aqueous or a non-aqueous solution, dust, powder, paste and may further comprise at least one additional surfactant. The surfactant may be chosen from the group comprising of ionic, amphoteric or non-ionic surfactant and/or water. Suitable surfactants may be selected from the group comprising of TRITON X 100 (polyoxyethylene(9-10)octylphenyl ether), TWEEN-20 (polyoxyethylene (20) unhydrosorbitane monooleate), Agrimul PG 2062 (C 12-14 -alkyl polyglycosides) and Silwet L-77 (ethoxylated heptamethyltrisiloxane). In an aqueous solution pesticidal composition the concentration of the compound of formula I is from about 0.03% to about 20% (w), preferably from about 0.05% to about 5%. In a non-aqueous pesticidal composition, the concentration of the compound of formula I is from about 20% to about 99% (w). The amount of added surfactant may be in the range of from about 0.0001 to about 6 times (w) of the compound of formula I in the composition. Preferably, the ratio is from about 0.0001 to about 2 times (w) of the compound of formula I in the composition.  
           [0035]    The amount of added water so as to form the aqueous solution, varies, and depends on the required properties the final formulation is expected to posses. Different amounts of water result in different formulations, which in turn are suitable for different use. Thus the final expected use of the formulation govern the amount of added water.  
           [0036]    Synthetic procedures for the synthesis of silicon containing compounds are described in (Kirk-Othmer  Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology,  4 th  edition, Vol. 22, pages 31-142). Moreover, the interaction of oligosilicates with alkylpolyalkylene glycol ethers (with molecular weight more then 500 and R being C 1 - C 20 alkyl) has also been disclosed previously e.g. U.S. Pat. Nos 2,630,446 &amp; 3,967,675 &amp; 4,691,039.  
           [0037]    The compounds of general formula I are suitably prepared by the esterification (reactions 1-4) and transesterification reactions (reactions 5 and 6) of silicon-containing compounds of formula (II)  
           R n (R′O) m SiX p    (II)  
           [0038]    wherein n+m+p=4, and n, m≧0; X=Hal, H, OR, NR 2 , SR; and R and R′ are monovalent organic residues;  
           [0039]    with the corresponding reactant according to any of the following reaction paths:  
           [0040]    1. ≡Si—X+HOR→≡Si—OR+HX (X═H, Cl, Br, NR 2 , SR)  
           [0041]    2. ≡Si—X+NaOR→Si—≡OR+NaX (X═Cl,Br)  
           [0042]    3. ≡Si—Cl+1,2-Epoxy-Derivatives→≡Si—OCH 2 CH(Cl)R′ 
           [0043]    4. ≡Si—Cl+(RO) 3 CH→≡Si—OR+CHCl 3    
           [0044]    5. ≡Si—OR+R′OH→≡Si—OR′+ROH  
           [0045]    6. ≡Si—OR+R′COOR″→Si—OR″+R′COOR  
           [0046]    (R, R′ and R″ are low- or high molecular weight monovalent organic groups).  
           [0047]    According to the present invention the compounds of formula (II) are selected from the group comprising of A) Silicon tetrahalides; B). Alkoxysilanes and products of their partially hydrolysis, alkylolygo-silicates with SiO 2  content more than 20%; C). Alkyl alkoxysilanes, R n Si(OR′) 4-n ; D).Hydride terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) H[(CH 3 ) 2 SiO] n Si(CH 3 ( 2 H, n=1-50; E). Poly (methylhydrosiloxane) (CH 3 ) 3 SiO [(CH 3 )HSiO] n Si(CH 3 ) 3 , n=1-50; F). Chlorine terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) Cl[(CH 3 ) 2 SiO] n Si(CH 3 ) 2 Cl, n=1-50; G).Methoxy terminated poly-(dimethylsiloxane) CH 3 )[(CH 3 ) 2 SiO] n Si(CH 3 ) 2 OCH 3 , n=1-50.  
           [0048]    The corresponding reactants for interacting with the compounds of general formula (II) are selected from the group comprising of alcohols, including monosubstituted polyalkylene glycols of formula (III)  
           R(OC n H 2n ) m OH   (III)  
           [0049]    Where R is a monovalent organic residue, n is 2-4 and m is 1-20, or the corresponding sodium or potassium alcoholates of formula (IV): R(OC n H 2n ) m OM (M=Na, K), or esters of formula (V):R(OC n H 2n ) m OC(O)R′, where R′ is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical, or 1,2-epoxy-derivatives of formula (VI): R(OC n H n ) m O(CH 2 ) x CH(O)CH 2 , wherein x=0-4, i.e alcohol alkoxylate glycidyl is ethers.  
           [0050]    Monovalent organic residues R of the compounds of general formula III, IV, V and VI are selected from the group comprising: C 1 -C 30 alkyl; C 3 -C 30 alkenyl; C 7 -C 30 aralkyl; alkaryl R′R″ C 6 H 3 —, where R′═C 3 -C 20 alkyl, R″═H or R′; Poly- (or per)fluorosubstituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl or C 3 -C 30  alkenyl or C 7 -C 30 aralkyl or alkaryl R′R″ C 6 H 3 —, where R′═C 3 -C 20 alkyl, R″═H or R′; Acyl R′CO—, R′═C 1 -C 30 alkyl or C 3 -C 30 alkenyl, or C 7 -C 30 aralkyl including poly- or perfluorosubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic moieties;  
           [0051]    R′R″NCH 2 CH 2 —, where R′═C 1 -C 30 alkyl or C 3 -C 30 alkenyl, including poly-or perfluoroderivatives; R″═R′ or H or alkylsulfonyl, R′″SO 2 —, where R′″═C 1 -C 30 alkyl or C 3 -C 30 alkenyl, or its poly-or perfluoroderivatives;  
           [0052]    Heterocyclic moiety such as fufuryl, N-pyperidyl- and N-morpholyl-;  
           [0053]    Mono-, di- or oligosaccharide or its derivative, for example alkylglycoside or alkanoate;  
           [0054]    Polyol monoalkanoate, i.e. anhydrosorbitane monoalkanoate;  
           [0055]    Thus, the compounds of general formula (I) are prepared by a one-stage process of esterification (reactions 1-4) or by a two-stage process of transesterification. The transesterification process (reactions 5 and 6) is catalytically implemented providing that the resulting low boiling products are eliminated from the reaction zone during the reaction. This process takes place at temperatures from about 100° C. to 200° C. in the presence of a suitable catalyst, such as a strong nucleophilic agents (sodium or potassium hydrides, hydroxides, amides or alcoholates) or Lewis acids such as tetraalkyltitanates (RO) 4 Ti, R standing for lower alkyl . It is preferred to carry out the reaction in the absence of moisture, as the presence of water leads to olygosilicate formation.  
           [0056]    The preferred monosubstituted polyalkylene glycols of formula (III) are selected from the group comprising of poly(ethylene glycol) octylphenyl ether, poly(ethylene glycol) nonylphenyl ether, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether, diethylene glycol monobuthyl ether, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl glucose ether, poly(ethylene glycol) unhydrosorbitane monooleate, poly(ethylene glycol) unhydrosorbitane monolaurate, poly(ethylene glycol) tallow amine ether, poly(ethylene glycol) cocamine ether, poly(ethylene glycol) tetrahydrofurfuryl ether, poly(ethylene glycol) perfluorooctyl ether, poly(ethylene glycol) 2-[ethyl(perfluorooctyl) sulfonyl] aminoethyl and poly(propylene glycol) methyl glucose ether.  
           [0057]    The present invention will now be illustrated with reference to the following non-limiting Examples. 
       
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1  
       [0058]    Step 1: Preparation of sec-butyloligosilicate by esterification process [based on U.S. Pat. No 3,976,675]:  
         [0059]    A 2-liter 3-neck flask with magnetic stirrer, a thermometer, a Liebich condenser and gas outlet, was charged with 456 g (2.68 moles) of silicon tetrachloride and cooled with ice-water bath. A solution of 17.9 g (0.994 moles) water in 892.4 g (12.06 M) sec-butanol (analytical grade) was then added with string over a 2 hour period and the temperature was maintained below 12° C. After the addition of all amounts of butanol-water mixture, reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 0.5 hours until it was homogeneous. The volatile compounds were recovered at a temperature of at least 120° c. and 30 mm of mercury pressure. 580 g of viscous liquid as product were isolated.  
         [0060]    Step 2: The transesterification process.  
         [0061]    A 1-liter, 3-neck flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer and water cooled Liebich condenser was charged with 257.0 grams of Tergitol NP-10 (Union Carbide) and heated up to 100-110° c. To this there was added potassium hydroxide (2.1 g) and 207.5 g of a product of step 1. The flask was then heated up to 150-160° c. and maintained at this temperature for 2.5 hours. The product was cooled down to 100° C. and 3.0 g of NaHCO 3  were added. After filtration, 430.5 g of viscous composition were obtained.  
       Examples 2-33  
       [0062]    Table 1 summarizes the various synthetic conditions for preparing the silicon esters of formula I.  
                                                                                                                 TABLE 1                           Examples 2-33 of the invention.                Step 1   Step 2                        H 2 O/Si                               Exam.           (M/M)   Alcohol   Si source   Catalyst   Ratio (gr./gr.)       Time       No.   Alcohol   Si source   (*)   (m 1 )   (m 2 ) (**)   (m 3 )   m 1 :m 2 :m 3     T ° C.   Hrs.                    2   2-Butanol   SiCl 4     0.34   TNP-10   Silicate-2   KOH   1:0.81:0.0080   180   2.5       3   —   Si(OEt) 4     0.75   TNP-10   Silicate-3   (BuO) 4 Ti   1:1.58:0.0010   190   2       4   2-Propanol   SiCl 4     0.90   TNP-10   Silicate-4   (BuO) 4 Ti   1:1.46:0.0012   130   6       5   2-Butanol   SiCl 4     0.55   TNP-10   Silicate-5   NaH   1:1:0.0007   150   4       6   —   —   —   CA-720   Silicate-5   t-BuOK   1:0.45:0.0035   150   4       7   —   —   —   Fluowet ONT   Silicate-5   KOH   1:0.75:0.0011   160   3       8   —   —   —   Fluorad   Silicate-5   KOH   1:0.68:0.0005   170   3                       FC-760       9   —   —   —   PEG-2-E   Silicate-5   NaH   1:0.85:0.0006   160   4                       HOSAE       10   —   —   —   PEGTH   Silicate-5   NaH   1:0.80:0.0005   170   4                       FE       11   2-Butanol   Si(Obu) 4     0.55   Tween-20   Silicate-11   NaH   1:0.45:.0002   140   4       12   2-Butanol   SiCl 4     0.45   Glucam E-20   Silicate-12   NaNH 2     1:0.30:0.0012   150   3       13   —   —   —   Glucam P-10   Silicate-12   KOH   1:0.85:0.0030   150   3       14   —   —   —   Berol-392   Silicate-12   NaNH 2     1:0.50:0.0010   155   4       15   —   —   —   Berol-397   Silicate-12   NaOH   1:1.15:0.0012   160   3.5       16   2-Propanol   Si(Oet) 4     0.45   CMPEG-450   Silicate-16   KOH   1:0.80:0.030   170   2.5       17   1-Propanol   Si(Oet) 4     0.20   POE(10)   Silicate-17   KOH   1:0.68:0.0022   160   3.5                       laurate       18   2-Propanol   ES-40   —   POE(16)   Silicate-18   KOH   1:0.70:0.0034   160   3.5                       laurate       19   2-Butanol   L-31   —   TNP-10   Silicate-19   KOH   1:0.50:0.0012   180   2       20   2-Propanol   RH-68   —   CMPEG-450   Silicate-20   NaH   1:0.40:0.0003   180   3       21   —   —   —   CA-720   PDMSH   NaH   1:0.93:0.0003   120   4       22   —   —   —   CA-720   Si(OBu) 4     KOH   1:0.60:0.0011   170   4       23   —   —   —   TNP-10   MeSi(OEt) 3     NaH   1:0.54:0.0005   120   5       24   2-Butanol   RH-68   —   TNP-10   Silicate 24   KOH   1:0.51:0.0006   165   4       25   —   —   —   TNP-10   HMTS   KOH   1:0.33:0.0006   110   2       26   —   —   —   Glucam E-10   HMTS   NaH   1:0.34:0.0005   110   2       27   —   —   —   Glucam E-20   HMTS   NaH   1:0.21:0.0006   110   2       28   —   —   —   TNP-10   ES-40   KOH   1:0.58:0.0005   165   4       29   —   —   —   Butylcarbitol   RH-68   KOH   1:0.64:0.0005   110   2       30   —   —   —   Cyclohexanol   RH-68   KOH   1:0.75:0.0005   100   2       31   —   —   —   2-Butanol   RH-68   KOH   1:0.68:0.0005   85   2       32   —   —   —   Gadsol   L-31   KOH   1:1.15:0.0005   50   3       33   —   —   —   2-Butanol   RH-68   KOH   1:1.26:0.0005   65   3                                                                                  
 
         [0063]    List of Abbreviations used:  
         [0064]    1. (*)—ratio mole/mole;  
         [0065]    2. POE(n)—polyoxyethylene, POP(n)—polyoxypropylene, (n)—number of links in polyoxyalkylene chain; (**)—Silicate (n)—this silicate was received in the step 1 of example No (n).  
         [0066]    3. TNP-10 : Tergitol—NP-10 (Union Carbide)—POE (10) nonylphenyl ether;  
         [0067]    4. CA-720: Igepal—CA-720 (Rhone-Poulenc France); POE (12) octylphenyl ether  
         [0068]    5. Fluowet ONT—Hoechst Celanese/Colorant &amp; Surf.)—ethoxylated perfluorol;  
         [0069]    6. Fluorad FC-760—(3M/Industrial Chem. Prod.)—Fluorinated alkyl alkoxylates;  
         [0070]    7. PEG-2-EHOSAE—(Aldrich cat. No. 46-818-5)-poly(ethylene glycol)2-[ethyl(heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl]aminoethyl;  
         [0071]    8. PEGTHFE—(Aldrich cat. No.30-952-4)-poly (ethylene glycol)tetrahydrofurfuril ether.  
         [0072]    9. REG-2-EHOSAE—(Aldrich Cat. No. 46-818-5)-poly(ethyleneglycol)2-[ethyl(heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl] aminoethyl;  
         [0073]    10. Tween-20(ICI Surf. Belgium)POE (20) unhydrosorbitane monooleate;  
         [0074]    11. Glucam E-10 (Amercol)—POE (10) methyl glucose ether  
         [0075]    12. Glucam E-20 (Amercol)—POE (20) methyl glucose ether;  
         [0076]    13. Glucam P-10 (Amercol)—POP (10) methyl glucose ether;  
         [0077]    14. Berol 392 (Berol Nobel AB)—POE (15) tallow amine;  
         [0078]    15. Berol 397 (Berol Nobel AB)—POE (15) cocamine;  
         [0079]    16. CMPEG 450-Carbowax MPEG—450 (Union Carbide)-POE (8 methyl ether.  
         [0080]    17. POE(10) laurate-poly(ethylene glycol) monolaruate M n ca600 (Aldrich, Cat. No. 46,014-1);  
         [0081]    18. POE (16) oleate-poly(ethylene glycol) monooleate M n ca860 (Aldrich Cat. No. 46,017-6);  
         [0082]    19. ES-40 ethyl silicate—40 (SiO 2  content 40%, prepared from tetraehtyl ortho-silicate and water);  
         [0083]    20. L-31-(Union Carbide)—Poly(methyl hydrogen siloxane);  
         [0084]    21. RH-68-(Rhodia)-Poly(methylhydrogen siloxane);  
         [0085]    22. PDMSH—(Aldrich Cat. No. 42,378-5)-Poly (dimethylsiloxane), hydride terminated;  
         [0086]    23. HMTS—(Aldrich Cat. No. 37,088-6)—1,1,1,3,5,5,5,-Heptamethyltrisiloxane;  
         [0087]    24. Gadsol-(Gadot, Israel)—mixture of ethanol and iso-propanol.  
         [0088]    The silicon esters of examples 1-33 and similar compounds, including known compounds such as tetrabutyl ortho silicate were found to posses high pesticidal activity in a variety of application forms. The pesticidal activity was found both in diluted aqueous solutions and in emulsions together with suitable ionic, amphoteric or non-ionic surfactant, or without any solvent.  
         [0089]    The pesticidal activity of the silicon esters of the present invention was tested against mites and insects.  
       Example 34  
       [0090]    Red mites on citrus: Five citrus trees (lemon, tangerine, kumquat and two orange trees) were infected with red mites. Spraying with an aqueous solution of 0.15% of the product of example 20 comprising also 0.5% TRITON-X 100, left no living mite after 5 days. Control trees were still infected at time of inspection.  
       Example 35  
       [0091]    Red mites and aphids on flowers: Impatiens plants in pots were heavily infected by red mites and by unidentified aphids. Spraying with an aqueous solution of 1.5% of the product of example 1 left no living mite after 5 days. Control plants were still infested by both pests. Mites concealed by web were also killed. No living aphids were observed 5 days after spraying either.  
       Example 36  
       [0092]    Aphids on banana plants: unidentified aphids infested plants in a banana nursery. The plants were sprayed with an aqueous solution of 0.5% of the product of example 10. After a week, no living mite were observed, while control plants which were unsprayed plants were still infested.  
       Example 37  
       [0093]    Ants were sprayed with the product of example 31, where an immediate effect of extermination observed.  
         [0094]    Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments, it is evident that many alternatives and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, the invention is intended to embrace all of the alternatives and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.