Abstract:
Control apparatus including a plurality of fluid control valves, especially for supplying items of sanitary ware. The valves have magnetic bistable solenoid actuators drivable by pulse signals and a common control circuit able to drive the actuators independently and the control circuit and actuators are driven by a local power supply including a dry cell battery.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a control unit for controlling electrical apparatus, for example, an electromechanical device such as a solenoid operated fluid control valve. While the control unit is capable of a wide variety of uses it is seen to good effect in the control of a number of valves supplying a fluid such as water to a tap, shower unit, toilet or any combination; or the like. Thus, more particularly, but not exclusively, the invention relates to a toilet facility with a control unit and valves arranged for supplying water to respective items of sanitary ware; for example, a shower, wash basin and water closet (WC) or several showers (say). 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Electrically controlled water valves have utility in plumbing installations and toilet facilities where water saving is particularly important, where misuse is likely, or simply for safety and ease of use, say in a toilet facility intended for use by an elderly or disabled person. 
     Electrical battery powered valves are preferred for safety and ease of installation. 
     European Patent No. EP 0574372 A1 discloses control apparatus comprising a plurality of fluid control valves, respective solenoid actuators coupled to the valves and a controller for supplying control signals to the valves. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided control apparatus comprising a plurality of fluid control valves respective solenoid actuators coupled to the valves and a controller for supplying control signals to the valves, characterised in that each solenoid actuator is a magnetic bistable solenoid actuator ( 100 FIG. 5) for opening and closing the respective valve ( 5 ), the actuator comprising an armature movable ( 101 ) between two positions corresponding to the open and closed states of the valve and electromechanical drive means ( 102 ,  103 ) for being driven by respective electrical drive pulses to move the armature between said positions; the armature then remaining in the position to which it is moved; the apparatus including: 
     for each actuator respective input signal supply means ( 22 ) for controlling the actuators and output signal forming means ( 10 ,  50 ,  60 ,  70 ) connected to the actuator and operable for supplying said respective electrical drive pulses; 
     micro processor-based control circuit means common to actuators, the corresponding input signal forming means and the corresponding output signal forming means for controlling the valves independently one from another; 
     local power supply means, for example dry cell battery means ( 7 ), connected to said control circuit means and said output signal forming means and operable for supplying the power for driving the control apparatus and said pulses. 
     The apparatus to be described conserves power by using bistable actuators and providing a simple controller that independently controls respective input switch/output drive actuator circuits. 
     The control circuit means may comprise a microcontroller connected to said output signal forming means; and memory means for storing a programmed and data for causing the microcontroller to respond to said input signal supply means for independently controlling said valves. The input signal supply means may comprise one or more control switches for each control device. 
     Advantageously the control apparatus comprises manually operable switch means connected to the control circuit means for causing any of said valves to open for a selected one of two or more different preset time intervals. 
     The switch means may comprise a first switch operable via the control means for causing a respective valve to open for a first preset time interval and a second switch operable via the control means for causing that valve to open for a relatively much shorter second preset time interval. 
     Advantageously the control circuit means permits the valve to be opened for said second preset time interval only a predetermined number of times following the opening of the valve for said first preset time interval. 
     When any valve is open, the respective second switch may become operable via the control circuit means for closing that valve. 
     Preferably, the control circuit means is responsive to the switch means for becoming operable to set said device into a predetermined control state and for recording a value representative of a time interval during which the valve is in said state, and the control circuit then becoming operable in response to said switch means for setting said valve into said predetermined control state for a time equal to two or more times said time interval. 
     According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus comprising a plurality of items of sanitary ware, corresponding water control valves connected to the items, respective solenoid actuators coupled to the valves and a controller connected to the actuators, characterised in that each solenoid actuator is a magnetic bistable solenoid actuator for opening and closing the respective valve, and the facility comprising for each valve, respective switch means connected to said control circuit for controlling that valve independently from the other valves; and output signal means ( 10 ,  50 ,  60 ,  70 ) for driving the respective actuators; 
     a single microprocessor-based control circuit connected to the water control valves for responding to the switch means to control the actuators. 
     a dry cell battery power supply means coupled to the control circuit for supplying power to operate the control circuit and, via the control circuit, energising said control valves. 
     Each switch means may comprise two or more switches for causing the respective valve to open for respective predetermined time intervals. 
     According to yet another aspect of the invention there is provided a control unit arranged to control the opening and closing of at least two valves such as latching solenoid valves to transfer fluid to respective outlets from a common source or separate sources of said fluid, the control unit comprising: 
     one or more manually operable switches for each valve to initiate opening and dosing of the valve; 
     timing means arranged to control the time period for which each valve is open; 
     override means to cut short the predetermined time period; 
     a top up/off switch arranged to open one or more valves for a limited number of time cycles and, as a secondary function, for closing said valves if they are open; 
     lock-out switch means operable for closing the valves for predetermined intervals; 
     a lock out key switch to close the valves; and 
     a dry cell battery power source to provide power for the control unit and, via the control unit, for the valves. 
     Preferably the unit includes temperature control means. 
     Preferably the control unit comprises two channels each to control a respective valve, each channel having a number of switch inputs, some of these inputs can be time programmed while another of which is enabled only when one of the other inputs is enabled. This other input is arranged to override the others when the flow valve is open or to augment the flow valve if at the time of energisation the valve is shut. 
     One or more auxiliary channels may be present and will then be arranged to have a simple on/off switch function. 
     By splitting the power load into a number of switches each of which is energised according to the circumstances the power required is reduced and a single dry cell (or a few) can be used for a plurality of valves. 
     The design of the device to be described is such that it can be programmed to give various ways of operating and to set up different chosen time values and such. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     In order that the invention may be well understood it will now be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a diagram of a toilet facility; 
     FIG. 2 is a simplified circuit diagram of a control unit; 
     FIG. 3 is a plan view of a circuit board of the control unit; 
     FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the control unit; and 
     FIG. 5 is a simplified diagram of a valve with a bistable solenoid actuator. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The toilet facility of FIG. 1 comprises a WC (water closet)  1  and a washbasin  2  with hot and cold taps (faucets)  3 . The WC  1  and the taps  3  are supplied with water via respective pipes  4  each including an electrically operable shut-off valve  5 . 
     As shown in the diagram of FIG. 5, each shut-off valve  5  comprises a bistable solenoid actuator  100  for switching the valve  5  between its on and off states. The bistable solenoid actuator has an armature  101  pivotably mounted at end  110  to a support  111 , an electromagnetic drive coil  102  and a permanent holding magnet  103 . The armature  101  is coupled to the valve member (as indicated by dashed line  109 ) of the valve  5  and is movable between first and second limit positions  104  and  105  corresponding to the off and on states of the valve. If the armature  101  is at the second limit position  105  it remains held in this position by the holding magnet  103 . If the armature is at the first position  104 , it remains there because the holding magnet is not strong enough on its own to cause the armature to move. However, by applying a first pulse signal to the electromagnetic coil, the holding magnet  103  is supplemented by the field due to the electromagnetic coil  102  and then the armature does move to the second limit position  105 . To release the armature from being held by the holding magnet, a reverse polarity pulse is applied to the coil. This not only overcomes the attractive force of the holding magnet but actually drives the solenoid armature back to its first limit position  104 . Thus, the solenoid actuator  100  is operated, i.e. driven between its valve open and valve closed positions by short pulses only and no position-maintaining drive signal need be supplied. 
     The armature  108  may be coupled to spring means  106  or another permanent magnet  107  arranged to maintain it gently held back to its first limit position  104  or there may be no such spring means and other permanent magnet. 
     Each valve may be of the kind in which a valve member is moved to shut off or release the flow of water directly or, as shown in the drawings the valve may have one or more stages  108  of indirect or “servo” control, e.g. in which the valve member controls a small bleed hole in a diaphragm or the like so allowing or releasing a pressure build-up which in turn results in movement of the diaphragm and control of the water flow through the valve. The valves are controlled by a microprocessor based control unit  6  powered by a lithium manganese dioxide dry cell battery  7 . 
     As shown in FIGS. 2 to  4 , each control unit  6  comprises a microcontroller  8  and an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)  9  connected to the microcontroller and containing the program and data for the microcontroller  8 . 
     The pulse signals for driving the valves are supplied by respective driver circuits  10 . Each driver circuit has two output terminals  11  connected to the respective valve. The output terminals  11  in each drive circuit are connected via diodes  12  and via NPN/PNP transistor pairs  13  to high and low supply rails  14  and  15  respectively, connected to the battery  7 . The microcontroller  8  and other semiconductor devices in the control unit  6  are driven by the battery  7  via a constant voltage regulator  16 . 
     The microcontroller  8  is also coupled via microprocessor  19  and connector unit  80  to a sensor/display unit  17 . The function of the microprocessor  19  is to receive the temperature indicative signals from the temperature sensor of the unit  17 , to process these signals and compare them with an appropriate over-temperature threshold. The microprocessor then supplies an automatic over-temperature shut down signal to the unit  8 . The sensor/display unit  17  may comprise a commercially available pre-made unit, basically a digital thermometer, perhaps with adaptation as appropriate. The sensor/display unit may, of course, comprise yet another microcontroller for running the digital display. 
     The control unit also has a switch interface circuit  18  which comprises two eight bit registers  20  and  21  having outputs multiplexed into respective signal inputs of the microcontroller  8 . 
     The register  20  is settable in accordance with eight push button switches  22  comprises in a control panel  23  while register  21  reflects the state of five DIP switches  23  and a push button switch  24  mounted on the printed circuit board of the control unit  8 . The register  21  is also connected to input terminals  25  and  26  for receiving an optional external input signal and an optional key switch (not shown). 
     The circuit board (PCB) of the control unit has terminals  30  for connection to a 6v dry cell battery such as lithium manganese dioxide battery. The microcontroller  28  pin IC with two sets of pins leading to respective output sub-circuits ( 50 ,  60  and  70 ) each to control a respective valve. The master IC is also connected to button input chip  20  and via chip  21  to an external I/P and key switch terminals  25  and  26 , the DIP switches  23 , a push-button and to the connector  80  for the temperature sensor/display module circuit  17 . Chip  20  is coupled to connector  90  for linking to switches  22  on panel  23 . 
     The circuit board of FIG. 3 is the main control board for a system incorporating valves V 1 , V 2 , V 3  and so on, e.g. for tap, shower and W.C. control. 
     The board can independently control up to 3 latching solenoid valves, V 1 , V 2 , V 3 . These open’ or close according to manual operation of switches not shown. The valve ‘open’ times can be set to any value within a wide range, but the valves can also be closed early at any time. There is provision for a key operated switch  100  that will act as a LOCKOUT, whereby all valves will be closed and all switch inputs will be inhibited during its operation. 
     Certain switch inputs have additional attributes such as TOP UP/STOP function and the third channel can be closed if the temperature sensor circuit  17  detects a temperature beyond the set high limit. Functions can be enabled or disabled as desired. 
     If required, to help prevent overfilling, restrict water use or provide a safety control, a ‘disable’ time can be provided so that after a fill has taken place, no further fills can be started for a set periods (channels  1  and  2  only). The TOP UP/STOP continues to be available, subject to a maximum of 5 operations. 
     Valve Channels  1  and  2   
     These are two separate, but identical channels. Each channel has 4 switch inputs, one of which may be designated as TOP UP/STOP, and each switch can have its own respective FILL TIME programmed with it. 
     For the first 3 switch inputs, the valve will open for the pre-programmed period, then close. In addition, the 3 switches themselves can be set either, (a) to be disabled whilst filling is taking place or, (b) to allow a second operation to close the valve. If the fourth switch is set to be TOP UP/STOP, it will only be enabled following a fill operation commenced by one of the first 3 switches. Whilst the valve is open, this switch will act as a STOP, closing the valve and cancelling the current fill time. Whilst the valve is closed, the switch becomes TOP UP and a maximum of 5 operations are allowed before this switch becomes disabled. 
     If the fourth switch is set to be ON/OFF, it will always be available to commence a fill, and then a second push will close the valve. 
     if the unit is set by dipswitches to give a DELAY TIME, switches  1  to  3  will be disabled for this time period following a fill, but the TOP UP/STOP will remain enabled. 
     Valve Channel  3   
     This channel has one switch associated with it, connected to the Ext I/P terminals, and would usually be used for shower control. This channel can have its own fill time programmed with it. Operating the switch will cause the valve to open for a preset period, whilst operating the switch a second time will cause the valve to close. 
     Temperature Module 
     The module senses and displays the water temperature at a suitable point and if the optional auto-close module is fitted, when the temperature reaches 43° C. or above the valve will close. The valve cannot be opened whenever the temperature exceeds this setting. 
     Lockout Keyswitch 
     The lockout keyswitch can be used to prevent unauthorised personnel from operating the unit. Whilst in the lockout condition, all valves will be closed and all switch inputs become disabled. 
     Setup 
     From stages 1 and 2 below, choose the fill times and mode of operation required. The unit will normally be supplied with ‘default’ settings, whereby all the fill times are set to zero so the unit will not respond to any switch inputs until it has been setup. 
     The unit can be returned to ‘default’ settings whereby all fill times are set to zero by implementing stage 3. 
     All settings will remain in the board&#39;s memory even if the battery is disconnected for prolonged periods. 
     1. Programming Fill Time is the Same for Each Switch, and Must Be Followed for Each and Every One Used 
     i) Ensure the battery is connected and that the LOCKOUT is off. 
     ii) Press and release the PROG button (any open valves will close). 
     iii) Determine what run time or fill time is required for the switch to be programmed. Press that fill switch—the respective valve will open. Once the desired run time has elapsed (or the fill level is achieved), press the same fill switch again—the valve will close. 
     iv) Wait 2 seconds to allow the memory to be updated. 
     v) Repeat steps (ii) to (iv) for all other fill switches. 
     2. Programming Each Switch for ON or ON/OFF Operation 
     ON Mode—once fill is started, subsequent switch operations are ignored 
     ON/OFF mode—alternate switch operations open and close the valve. 
     The unit will normally be supplied with each of the first 3 switches on channels  1  and  2  set for ON/OFF operation and the fourth switch as TOP UP/STOP. If required, the first 3 switches can be reprogrammed for ON mode operation, and the fourth switch can be reprogrammed as ON/OFF. 
     For channel  3 , only ON/OFF is provided and cannot be altered. 
     Check the current setting for each switch by trial—only reprogrammed if an alternative setting is required. 
     (i) Ensure the battery is connected and that LOCKOUT is off. 
     (ii) Press and release the PROG button (any open valves will close). 
     (iii) Operate the LOCKOUT then return to the ‘off’ position. 
     iv) Press the appropriate switch to be programmed. 
     v) Wait 2 seconds to allow the memory to be updated. 
     3. Programming All Switches Disabled 
     (i) Ensure the battery is connected and that the LOCKOUT is off. 
     (ii) Press PROG and hold down for at least 3 seconds (any open valves will close). 
     (iii) Wait 2 seconds to allow the memory to be updated. 
     4. Dipswitch Settings 
     These can be changed at any time, but it is recommended to leave this until all the above programming steps have been made and the correct fill times and modes have been checked. 
     There are 5 dipswitches that operate as detailed below. The dipswitch is ‘on’ when it is in the up position and ‘off’ when it is down. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Switches 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Channels 1 &amp; 2 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 DELAY TIME 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 off 
                 off 
                 off 
                 off 
                 ZERO 
               
               
                   
                 on 
                 off 
                 off 
                 off 
                  5 minutes 
               
               
                   
                 off 
                 on 
                 off 
                 off 
                 10 minutes 
               
               
                   
                 on 
                 on 
                 off 
                 off 
                 15 minutes 
               
               
                   
                 off 
                 off 
                 on 
                 off 
                 20 minutes 
               
               
                   
                 on 
                 off 
                 on 
                 off 
                 25 minutes 
               
               
                   
                 off 
                 on 
                 on 
                 off 
                 30 minutes 
               
               
                   
                 on 
                 on 
                 on 
                 off 
                 35 minutes 
               
               
                   
                 off 
                 off 
                 off 
                 on 
                 40 minutes 
               
               
                   
                 on 
                 off 
                 off 
                 on 
                 45 minutes 
               
               
                   
                 off 
                 on 
                 off 
                 on 
                 50 minutes 
               
               
                   
                 on 
                 on 
                 off 
                 on 
                 55 minutes 
               
               
                   
                 off 
                 off 
                 on 
                 on 
                 60 minutes 
               
               
                   
                 on 
                 off 
                 on 
                 on 
                 65 minutes 
               
               
                   
                 off 
                 on 
                 on 
                 on 
                 70 minutes 
               
               
                   
                 on 
                 on 
                 on 
                 on 
                 75 minutes 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 
     Say a shower time of 5 minutes (300 seconds) is required, this could be achieved in two ways. 
     a) Follow setup stage 1, waiting the full 5 minutes between pressing the fill switch for the open and close times. Then leave dipswitch pole 5 off 
     b) Follow setup stage 1, but wait just 30 seconds between pressing the fill switch for the open and close times. Put dipswitch pole 5 on (10×30=300 seconds). 
     It will be seen that the control unit has been constructed to provide a multiplicity of functions for a plurality of valves, all powered from a single dry cell battery. 
     The invention is not just applicable to toilet facilities, plumbing installations or even fluid control valves. Instead, a control unit as described may be used in other situations. In particular, the method described at b) above for programming a time value into a control unit is generally useful. 
     The power supply used in the described embodiments could be adapted for mains operation, or for receiving power from a local supply such as a large battery, but with back-up from the dry cell battery mentioned. The battery could be rechargeable and arranged to be rechargeable whilst in situ or elsewhere.