Abstract:
The invention relates to a horse snaffle bit with two lateral parts and a shackle, which is situated between these parts and comprises at least one joint and two lateral sections, each lateral section having an end located a distance from the joint and a borehole is made in these distal ends of the lateral sections to accommodate one of the parts in a manner that enables them to move freely. Additionally, each lateral section has a first surface area and a second surface area; the first surface area has a matte surface and extends from the joint to a distance of at least 20% and no greater than 50% of the overall length of the lateral section from the joint, and the second surface area has a high-lustrous surface and is connected to the first surface area and extends to the distal end of the lateral section.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application is the U.S. National Stage of International Application No. PCT/DE2005/000247, filed Feb. 12, 2005, which claims priority to German Application No. DE 10 2004 037 469.4, filed Jul. 30, 2004 and German Application No. DE 10 2005 001 968.4, filed Jan. 15, 2005, the contents of which are expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety as part of the present disclosure. 
   BACKGROUND 
   The invention relates to a snaffle bit for a horse with two side members and one shackle interposed between said members, said shackle having at least one joint on one side and being provided on the other with two side portions, a bore being provided in the end of each of the side portions that is remote from the at least one joint, said bore receiving a respective one of the side members so as to allow them to move freely and to a method of manufacturing such a snaffle bit. 
   A such type snaffle bit for a horse is known from the European Patent 17 959 or the WO 00/35804. In principle, this snaffle bit proved to be very efficient. Reference is also made to the snaffle bits cited in this European Patent 17 959, more specifically to those according to U.S. Pat. No. 4,005,564; GB-A-7712/1914; GB-A-65/1913 and DE-C-194 071. 
   In devising the snaffle bit previously proposed and mentioned herein above, it proved particularly efficient to design the shackle so as to be even, smooth in contour and without edges and to have the transitions between discrete portions of the shackle made soft. It also proved very advantageous to have the cross section of the side portions tapering from the rings inward and this advantage will be retained. The same applies for the curved design of the shackle according to which a center line of the shackle connecting the bores for receiving the two rings so as to provide them with freedom of movement is curved toward the front, toward the roof of the mouth. With the bit of the type mentioned herein above, this feature is achieved in providing the shackle with a joint so that this curved implementation can be achieved. 
   Bits which have a jointed shackle will be designated herein after as “single joint” snaffle bits, and bits which have a shackle with two joints as “double joint” snaffle bits. These two embodiments of the snaffle bit for horses of the type mentioned herein above have come to be highly appreciated by horsemen. 
   The present invention would like to retain the major features of the snaffle bit of the type mentioned herein above and to improve it so as to make it even better suited and advantageous for a horse and more specifically so that it is better accepted by a horse. 
   This is where the invention comes to effect. It aims at developing the snaffle bit of the type mentioned herein above and the method of manufacturing same in such a manner that it is preferably accepted by a horse. 
   SUMMARY 
   In view of the snaffle bit of the type mentioned herein above, this object is achieved in that each side portion comprises a first surface area and a second surface area, that said first surface area extends, commencing at the joint, as far as at least 20% and not exceeding 50% of the overall length of the side portion of the joint, that said second surface area adjoins said first surface area and extends as far as the remote end of said side portion, that said first surface area has a mat surface and that said second surface area has a high gloss surface. As to the method, the object is achieved by a method having the features of claim  12  or  13 . 
   Whilst in the prior art snaffle bit the surface of the side portions is continuous and uniform, in the snaffle bit of the invention this surface is divided into two areas. Tests showed that this bit is much better accepted by a horse. The tongue of a horse feels the difference between the two surface areas and experiences them. The tongue of a horse is so sensitive that its sense of touch immediately notices the change in the surface. The sense of touch of the horse&#39;s tongue works similar to that of a human tongue. The sense of touch exacerbates the differences it feels. This detected difference incites the horse to play. Chewing activity is increased. The horse relaxes and is willing to work. Increased chewing activity increases the flow of saliva. It is particularly suited for horses with dry mouths. 
   There is an optical difference between the two surface areas. This difference gives the bit an aesthetically particularly pleasing appearance. 
   The effective surface is increased by processing it with blast material, this processing also being referred to as sandblasting. This allows for increasing the effective surface. Commencing at the joint, the first surface area may also reach as far as 80% maximum of the overall length of the side portion of the joint. 
   In a preferred implementation, the snaffle bit of the invention has one or two joints. Although three or even more joints may also be provided, the embodiments of preference have one or two joints. 
   Moreover, it proved very advantageous to manufacture the bit according to the invention in the same way as the previously proposed bit mentioned herein above from an alloy as it has been described in the German Patent DE 43 26 550 C1 that contains a high amount of copper and still has a high mechanical strength. Further materials that may be considered are stainless steel and aluminium bronze. 
   In principle, the design of the joints is discretionary. It is possible to have recourse to the embodiments as they have been described in the European Patent mentioned herein above and in the remaining state of the art. Simple designs of the joints however proved particularly efficient, namely such in which the joints are substantially defined by the interlock of two rings. As a joint, such joints have greater freedom of movement than joints that are defined by a rigid axis of articulation and that allow the two portions joined by the axis of the joint to merely move in one plane relative to one another. In that the joints are designed as rings, soft transitions are additionally achieved. This allows ease of manufacture. Maintenance and cleaning are easy since the discrete hollow spaces are readily accessible. This also makes it possible to even sandblast the joint region. Furthermore, additional materials for making the joint move in a smooth way are not required. Eventually, this design of the joints excludes the risk of jamming the tongue of the horse and so on. 
   In a preferred embodiment, the central portion of a bit with two joints has two paralleled bores for forming the two joints of the shackle. It is however also absolutely possible to provide the central portion with two bores that are positioned at right angles to one another. 
   It proved particularly advantageous to make the central portion of a bit with two joints the shortest possible. Central portions with a maximum length of 4 cm, more specifically of 3 cm, proved appropriate. In bits with only one single joint, a short central region resembling a central portion is realized in that the unique joint provided there is thicker than the adjacent regions so that the shortness of less than 4, resp. 3, 2 or of less than 1 cm needed and required above is achieved. 
   It eventually proved advantageous to thicken the central portion as compared to the adjacent side portions. Like in prior art, the side portions taper from the rings inward. In the central region, increased thickness is again achieved. Accordingly, the smallest thickness is found between the central region and the rings. This shape is possible and wanted for the snaffle bit with one joint as well as for the snaffle bit with two joints. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Other features and advantages will become more apparent upon reviewing the appended claims and the following non restrictive description of embodiments of the invention, given by way of example only with reference to the drawing. In said drawing: 
       FIG. 1 : is a rear view showing a snaffle bit for a horse with two joints, 
       FIG. 2 : is a view according to  FIG. 1  showing a snaffle bit for a horse with one single joint, 
       FIG. 3 : is a 90 degree rotated view from that shown in  FIG. 2  illustrating the shackle only, that is, without the rings; the representation corresponds to a view from the bottom onto the corresponding parts of  FIG. 2  and with two cover members, 
       FIG. 4 : is a top view of the cover members of  FIG. 3  in a separated condition and with an interposed side portion, and 
       FIG. 5 : is a perspective illustration of another embodiment of a cover member. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   As can be seen from the  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the snaffle bit for a horse has two side members  20 ,  22  that are configured to be rings and one shackle  24  interposed between said two side members  20 ,  22 . In the exemplary embodiment according to  FIG. 1  it has two joints, in the exemplary embodiment according to the  FIGS. 2 through 4  it has one single joint. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiment according to  FIG. 1  has two joints  26 ,  28  that are located at either end of a central portion  30  whereas the shackle of the second exemplary embodiment only has one single joint  26 . 
   The shackle  24  has two side portions  29 ,  31 . In the side portions, bores  32  are provided for each receiving a respective one of the side members  20  and  22  so as to allow said rings to move freely. These two bores  32  at the remote end, meaning at the free end regions of the shackle  24 , define a plane that coincides with the plane of the sheet in the representation according to the  FIGS. 1 and 2 . In the illustration according to  FIG. 3 , this plane is normal to the plane of the paper. Side portions  29 ,  31  each also have a central end in the center of the shackle  24 . 
   In the exemplary embodiments illustrated, the joints  26 ,  28  are each designed as eyes that interlock with play, said eyes being provided at the inner end regions of the side portions  29 ,  31  or, on the bit that has two joints, at the central portion  30 . This specific design of the joints  26 ,  28  provides the thus connected members with a limited three-dimensional range of movement. The articulation axis is indicated in  FIG. 3  by a dot-dash line at  34 . The specific design of the joint that consists of two interlocking eyes provides a second articulation axis  36  that is arranged at right angles thereto. It is indicated in  FIG. 3  by a dot-dash line  36 . Both axes are inclined at an angle of 45° to the plane of the bores  32  and accordingly to the plane of the paper in  FIG. 3 . The bores  32  have a bore axis  42 . 
   It is preferred that the side portions  29 ,  31  be built identically. Their surface is divided into a first surface area  44  and a second surface area  46 . Commencing at the central end of the side portion  29 ,  31  where the joints  26 ,  28  are formed, the first surface area extends outward over a distance of up to at least 20% of the overall length of the side portion. In the implementation shown in  FIG. 1 , the length of the first surface region extends approximately over half of the overall length of the two side portions  29 ,  31 . Toward the side members  20 ,  22 , the remaining region of the side portions  29 ,  31  is configured to be the second surface area  46 . Both surface areas  44 ,  46  are separated by a line  48 . This line  48  is the result of the processing. It is a theoretical line. It constitutes the boundary between the first surface area  44  and the second surface area  46 . The second surface area  46  merges into the first surface area  44  without forming a step. The line  48  encircles a respective one of the side portions  29 ,  31  and is defined as a cross section transverse to the longitudinal direction of the shackle  24  and perpendicular to the plane of the paper in the  FIGS. 1 and 2  of a respective one of the side portions  29 ,  31 . 
   The first surface area  44  has a mat surface structure. It is obtained by blasting it with a blast material, this process being generally also referred to as sandblasting. The blast material used is a granular material with a grain size ranging from 20 micrometers to 2.4 mm, preferably from 40 micrometers to 1.2 mm. Grains of sand, of corundum, glass cullet, glass beads, glass balls, stainless steel balls, steel gravel and steel balls may be used as the blasting means. This enumeration is not exhaustive. The second surface area  46  is high gloss polished, it has a surface roughness of less than 5, preferably of less than 2 micrometers. The surface is mirror polished. Alloys having a high copper content, more specifically 80 to 90 percent by weight of copper, and sufficient mechanical strength as well as stainless steel may be used as the material for the side portions  29 ,  31  as well as the central portion  30 . 
   The central portion  30  in  FIG. 1  is completely formed with a first surface area  44 . Its entire surface is processed by sandblasting just like the adjacent first surface regions  44  of the two side portions  29 ,  31 . A generally symmetrical configuration is respectively achieved. The plane of symmetry lies in the center of the shackle  24  and at right angles to the plane of the paper in the  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
   The method by means of which the different surface areas  44 ,  46  of the side portions  29 ,  31  are formed is described referring to  FIG. 3 . A cover member  50 , also illustrated in  FIG. 4 , forms a grip around a respective side portion  29 ,  31 . The line  48  that will be visible at a later stage is located at the limit at which the grip of the cover member  50  around a respective one of the side portion  29 ,  31  and toward the center of the shackle  24  ends. In  FIG. 3 , the distance between the side wall of the cover member  50  pointing toward the center of the shackle  24  and the ends of the cover members  29 ,  31  located in the center of the shackle is approximately 50% of the overall length of the side portions  29 ,  31 . 
   As shown in  FIG. 4 , the cover member  50  has two halves  51 ,  52  that are built according to the same principle. Either half has an approximately semicircular cutout  54 . Once the two halves  51 ,  52  are assembled as shown in  FIG. 3 , these cutouts  54  form a sealing grip all around a respective one of the side portions  29  and  31 .  FIG. 4  is a cross sectional view of a side portion  31  that is being surrounded by the two halves  51 ,  52  as they are being assembled. 
   The contact between the closed cover member  50  and a respective one of the side portions  29 ,  31  may be such that the side portions  29 ,  31  are simultaneously mechanically held or clamped. By means of a device that has not been illustrated but that is actually known, the entire unit made from the two cover members  50  and the side portions  29 ,  31  (as well as from the side members  20 ,  22  that are not shown) is rotated in the direction of the arrow  56  about an axis that lies in the plane of the paper of  FIG. 3  and in the longitudinal direction of the shackle  24 . During rotation, blast means  60  are applied to the side portions  29 ,  31  through a nozzle  58 . In the configuration shown in  FIG. 1 , the blast means  60  also impinge onto the central portion  30 . Said blast means  60  only reach the areas between the two cover members  50 . The first surface areas  44  are configured in this way. 
   Prior to blasting, the side portions  29 ,  31  are high gloss polished in a manner corresponding to prior art production. In the prior art bits as they are sold by the applicant for example, the side portions  29 ,  31  are brought on the market in the corresponding high gloss polish. Measurement with a surface testing machine Mitutoyo Surftest 201 yields an Rz value for the average surface roughness of less than 1.5, preferably of between 0.5 and 1. All the surfaces located between the cover members  50  are processed with the blast means  60  and are roughened so as to exhibit a mat sheen rather than a glossy surface. The blasted second surface area has a significantly higher surface roughness Rz, e.g., Rz being equal to 8 and more. 
     FIG. 5  shows two halves  51 ,  52  of another embodiment of a cover member  50 . In its assembled state, it substantially has the shape of a cylinder. Thanks to the additional, semi-cylindrical walls, the areas of the side portions  29 ,  31  forming the second surface area  46  are better covered than in the implementation shown in the  FIGS. 3 and 4 . As a result, the high gloss polished surface of the second surface area  46  is better preserved. Blast means reflected from the walls of the blast cabin are not allowed to reach this surface area either. 
   Blasting with blast means  60  may be carried out either automatically or manually. It is also possible to use a plurality of blast nozzles  48 . It is advantageous to use special sealing members (not shown) that are provided on the cutout  54  of the halves  51 ,  52  and allow for accurate sealing. Semi-circular rubber members with lips resting on the side portions  29  or  31  are for example contemplated here. They can be replaced when destroyed by the blast means. Thanks to these seals, a precise, tight fit of the halves  51 ,  52  to the side portions  29 ,  31  can be provided. 
   It is also possible to give the line  48  a desired shape, for example a zigzag shape, a coiled shape and the like. The first surface region  44  has a mat surface. It is processed by blasting using a blast material. 
   For a better representation, in the embodiment according to the  FIGS. 2 through 4 , the free inner cross section of the hole of each eye is relatively large as compared to the cross section of the ring that constitutes the eye, so that the joints  26  also have large play in longitudinal direction of the side portions  29 ,  31  for example. The representation is thus easier to understand. In practical implementation however, the clearances are smaller. The cross section of the ring fills at least half of the hole of the eye, preferably more, as can be seen from  FIG. 1 . In a preferred embodiment, the ring cross section is larger than 70% of the free cross section of the eye&#39;s hole, 80% are also possible, and 90% as well. 
   In the embodiment according to  FIG. 1 , the central portion  30  has two paralleled joint bores  38 ,  40 . In another embodiment, these joint bores may also be relatively right-angled. In the representation according to  FIG. 1 , these two bores are spaced a relatively short distance, for example between 2 and 3 cm, apart. As a result thereof, the overall central portion  30  is quite short, it is a maximum of 4 cm in length and preferably a maximum of 3 cm in length. It is markedly thicker than the adjacent region of the side portions so that the already mentioned larger cross section in the center of the shackle  24  is obtained. In both exemplary embodiments, the cross section of the shackle  24  diminishes symmetrically to both sides and thickens again in the region of the bore  32  to attain a thickness which is comparable to the thickness in the center. 
   In  FIG. 1 , the central portion  30  is configured in the shape of an olive. It may also have another design and for example be a disk with two eyes axially protruding on the sides thereof, a roll, of a rather spherical shape, and so on. 
   Advantageously, the central portion  30  has two bores  38 ,  40  the center lines of which are spaced less than 2.5 cm, preferably less than 2 cm, apart. 
   Preferably, the at least one joint  26 ,  28  and all the other joints  26 ,  28  are configured to be eyes interlocking with a clearance at the end regions of the side portions or of the central portions  30  respectively.