Abstract:
Methods and apparatuses are provided for providing service recovery at a user equipment (UE) of a mobile communication network. The UE establishes a call in a first public land mobile network (PLMN). A handover zone of the first PLMN and a second PLMN is entered. The second PLMN is in a forbidden PLMN list of the UE. The UE receives a dedicated message with an indication of the second PLMN. The second PLMN is removed from the forbidden PLMN list. The UE performs registration with the second PLMN so that services of the second PLMN are available to the UE.

Description:
PRIORITY 
     This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(a) to an Indian Provisional Application filed on Sep. 2, 2014 in the Indian Intellectual Property Office and assigned Serial No. 4275/CHE/2014, and an Indian Complete Application filed on Apr. 21, 2015 in the Indian Intellectual Property Office and assigned Serial No. 4275/CHE/2014, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field of the Disclosure 
     The present disclosure relates a system and method for enabling the recovery of services for a user equipment (UE) from a forbidden public land mobile network (PLMN) in a mobile communication system. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     In a typical mobile communication environment, a UE may communicate voice and/or data signals with one or more service networks via cellular stations of the service networks. With the advancement of wireless communications, machine type communication (MTC) has been developed, which enables remote machines to exchange information and operate without human interaction. MTC sensors may be employed to monitor the operations and report measurement results back to service networks via wireless communication networks. The wireless communication between the UE and the service networks may be in compliance with various wireless technologies, such as, for example, global system for mobile communications (GSM) technology, general packet radio service (GPRS) technology, enhanced data rates for global evolution (EDGE) technology, wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) technology, long term evolution (LTE) technology, LTE-Advanced technology, and others. 
     In the cellular communication networks, service networks broadcasting their PLMN identities (IDs). The UEs may carry out automatic network selection based on preferences of the PLMN IDs stored in a GSM subscriber identity module (SIM) or a universal subscriber identity module (USIM). In the automatic selection mode, the UE selects a PLMN from a preferred PLMN list in a predetermined priority order. Typically, the UE also includes a forbidden list, which includes PLMN IDs that are not permitted to be used under normal data service conditions. Conventionally, the UE may remove any PLMN ID from the preferred PLMN list, that is also present in the forbidden list, before network selection, so that the UE may not select the forbidden PLMN for normal data services. 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating a handover zone between a first PLMN, PLMN A and a second PLMN, PLMN B. A UE  102  previously added PLMN B  106  in a forbidden PLMN list. Thus, while in PLMN A  104  region, the PLMN B  106  is forbidden for UE  102 . The UE  102  is mobile and establishes a circuit switching/packet switching (CS/PS) call in the PLMN A  104 . The UE  102  enters into handover zone  108  of the PLMN A  104  and the PLMN B  106 , where the PLMN A  104  can give a handover command to the UE  102  to go to the PLMN B  106 , which has a roaming agreement with the PLMN A  104 . 
       FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating representing a UE that does not trigger a circuit switched/packet switched (CS/PS) registration procedure upon receiving a forbidden PLMN in a dedicated message. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , for example, the present disclosure assumes that the UE has a “forbidden PLMN list”  210  or a “forbidden PLMNs for GPRS service” list, wherein the “forbidden PLMN list”  210  or “forbidden PLMNs for GPRS service” list includes PLMN A  212  as the UE&#39;s home PLMN on Network  1   206 , PLMN B  214  of Network  2   208 . In step  213   a , the UE transmits a CS/PS call request to the RRC  204  through the NAS  202 , and in step  213   b , the RRC  204  transmits the CS/PS call request to the Network  1   206 . In step  216 , the UE establishes a CS/PS call in the PLMN A  212  through non-access stratum (NAS)  202  in mobility of the UE. 
     In step  218 , the UE enters into a handover zone of the PLMN A  212  and the PLMN B  214  through radio resource controller (RRC)  204 . The PLMN B  214  is indicated through the RRC  204  dedicated signaling. In step  219   a , the network  1   206  transmits a handover to PLMN B  214  command to the RRC  204 . In step  219   b , the RRC  204  notifies transmit success of the handover to the PLMN B  214 . In the step  219   c , the RRC  204  transmits a request to update the PLMN B  214  on the network  2   208  as the UE&#39;s home PLMN in the “forbidden PLMN list”  210  or “forbidden PLMNs for GPRS service” list. Once the handover is successful, in step  220 , since the PLMN B  214  is still a forbidden PLMN, a registration procedure may not be triggered. Since the PLMN B  214  is still a forbidden PLMN, in step  222 , the PLMN  214  is a roaming PLMN on a current area. In step  224 , the CS/PS call ends, and, in step  226 , the RRC  204  camps on the PLMN B  214 . In the  227 , the RRC  204  transmits PLMN B  208  available indication to the NAS  202 . In step  228 , even though the PLMN B  214  is available, the UE assumes that the PLMN B  214  is still a forbidden PLMN and registration procedure may not be triggered. The UE may be in limited service in the PLMN B  214  after the service is ended. This may unnecessarily delay the services of PLMN B to the user. In step  230 , the PLMN B  214  is still the roaming PLMN in current area. 
     With the existing approach, the UE cannot access the communication services in the PLMN B since the PLMN B is in a forbidden PLMN list, even though the PLMN B has a roaming agreement with the PLMN A. When the PLMN B is forbidden, the UE starts a “Forbidden PLMN list deletion timer”, and the PLMN B is not available until the timer expires or until the PLMN B is manually selected. The situation may worsen when there is no PLMN available in a particular area other than PLMN B. In such a case, the UE may remain in a state of limited service until the forbidden PLMN lists are erased. This further unnecessarily delays the services of PLMN B to the user. 
     SUMMARY 
     An aspect of the disclosure provides a system and a method that enables a UE to access a service network associated with an available PLMN that was previously in the forbidden PLMN list. 
     According to one aspect of the disclosure, a method is provided for providing service recovery at a UE of a mobile communication network. The UE establishes a call in a first PLMN. A handover zone of the first PLMN and a second PLMN is entered. The second PLMN is in a forbidden PLMN list of the UE. The UE receives a dedicated message with an indication of the second PLMN. The second PLMN is removed from the forbidden PLMN list. The UE performs registration with the second PLMN so that services of the second PLMN are available to the UE. 
     According to another aspect of the disclosure, a UE of a mobile communication network is provided. The UE includes a memory. The UE also includes a processor coupled to the memory and configured to establish a call in a first PLMN, remove a second PLMN from a forbidden PLMN list upon entering a handover zone of the first PLMN and the second PLMN and receiving a dedicated message with an indication of the second PLMN, and performing registration with the second PLMN so that services of the second PLMN are available to the UE. The UE further includes a transceiver coupled to the processor and configured to receive the dedicated message. 
     According to another aspect of the disclosure, a method is provided for providing service recovery at an RRC of a mobile communication network. The RRC establishes a call for a UE in a first PLMN. The RRC receives a handover command upon entry of the UE into a handover zone of the first PLMN and a second PLMN. The RRC transmits a dedicated message with an indication of the second PLMN to the UE, enabling the UE to remove the second PLMN from a forbidden PLMN list and perform registration with the second PLMN. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of embodiments described herein may be more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating a handover zone between two PLMNs; 
         FIG. 2  is a flow diagram illustrating a method in which a UE does not trigger a CS/PS registration procedure upon receiving a forbidden PLMN in a dedicated message; 
         FIG. 3  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of recovering CS/PS services from a forbidden PLMN by the UE, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating UE recovering CS/PS services from a forbidden PLMN, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same or similar components may be designated by the same or similar reference numerals although they are illustrated in different drawings. Detailed descriptions of constructions or processes known in the art may be omitted to avoid obscuring the subject matter described herein. 
     As used herein, references to “an”, “one”, or “some” embodiment(s) does not necessarily imply that each such reference is to the same embodiment(s), or that the feature only applies to a single embodiment. Single features of different embodiments may also be combined to provide other embodiments. 
     As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise. It may be further understood that the terms “includes”, “comprises”, “including”, and/or “comprising”, when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations and arrangements of one or more of the associated listed items. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It may be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having meanings that are consistent with their meanings in the context of the relevant art, and may not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. 
     The various embodiments disclose a system and method for quick recovery of services from a forbidden PLMN. According to an embodiment, the method provides for recovering services (CS/PS) to a UE from a PLMN, which was previously forbidden. Also, the UE need not wait for the “Forbidden PLMN list deletion timer” to expire. 
       FIG. 3  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of recovering CS/PS services from a forbidden PLMN, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , for example, the present disclosure assumes that the UE has a “forbidden PLMN list”  310  or a “forbidden PLMNs for GPRS service” list. The UE is configured with a first PLMN, PLMN A  312  as the UE&#39;s home PLMN, which is on a first network, Network  1   306 . The UE is configured with a second PLMN, PLMN B  314 , of a second network, Network  2   308 . The “forbidden PLMN list”  310  or a “forbidden PLMNs for GPRS service” list comprises the PLMN A  312  and B  314 . In step  215   a , the UE transmits a CS/PS call request to the RRC  304  through the NAS  302 , and in the step  315   b , the RRC  304  transmit the CS/PS call request to the Network  1   306 . In step  316 , the UE establishes a CS/PS call in the PLMN A  312  through NAS  302 . In step  318 , the UE enters into a handover zone of the PLMN A  312  and the PLMN B  314  through radio resource controller (RRC)  304 , and the PLMN B  314  is indicated through RRC  304  dedicated signaling. In step  319   a , the network  1   306  transmits a handover to PLMN B  314  command to the RRC  304 . In step  319   b , the RRC  304  notifies transmit success of the handover to the PLMN B  314 . And in the step  319   c , the RRC  304  transmits a request to update the PLMN B  314  on the network  2   308  as the UE&#39;s home PLMN in the “forbidden PLMN list”  310  or “forbidden PLMNs for GPRS service” list. Once the handover is successful, in step  320 , the PLMN B  314  is received in a dedicated message, and the PLMN B  314  is removed from the forbidden PLMN list  310 . A new forbidden PLMN list  324  is created without the PLMN B  314 . In step  322 , the PLMN  314  is a roaming PLMN on a current area, 
     In step  326 , the CS/PS call ends. In step  328 , the RRC  304  camps on the PLMN B  314 . In the step  329 , the RRC  304  transmits PLMN B  308  available indication to the NAS  302 . In step  330 , CS/PS registration is triggered since it is determined that the PLMN B  314  is no longer a forbidden PLMN. In step  332 , the PLMN B  314  is still is the roaming PLMN in current area. In step  334 , the UE performs CS/PS registration and the UE is able to access both the CS/PS roaming services. 
     According to another embodiment, if the service network wishes to move the UE (through a redirection order, a cell change order, or any other mobility command) to an area of the forbidden PLMN B, the service network adds the identity of PLMN B along with the redirection information in the indication message. If the UE receives the dedicated PLMN B in a redirection order or cell change order and if the PLMN B is part of the UE forbidden list, then UE removes the PLMN B from the forbidden PLMN list. 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating UE recovering CS/PS services from a forbidden PLMN, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , for example, the present disclosure assumes that the UE  400  comprises a processor  402 , a memory  404  and a transceiver  406 . 
     The processor  402  coupled to the memory  404  and configured to establish a call in a first PLMN (e.g., the PLMN A  312  of  FIG. 3 ), remove a second PLMN (e.g., the PLMN B  314  of  FIG. 3 ) from a forbidden PLMN list upon entering a handover zone of the first PLMN and the second PLMN and receiving a dedicated message with an indication of the second PLMN, and performing registration with the second PLMN so that services of the second PLMN are available to the UE. 
     The transceiver  406  coupled to the processor  402  and configured to receive the dedicated message. The transceiver  406  transmits a CS/PS call request from the UE to the first PLMN via a RRC for establishing the call. The dedicated message is received from an RRC in response to a command to handover to the second PLMN from the first PLMN. 
     The processor  402  generates a new forbidden PLMN list without the second PLMN during removing the second PLMN. The processor  402  ends the established call after removing the second PLMN from the forbidden PLMN list. Then an RRC camps on the second PLMN when the established call is ended. The second PLMN is a roaming PLMN and the services of the second PLMN are roaming services. The forbidden PLMN list is stored in a subscriber identity module (SIM) or internal memory of the UE. 
     An illustrative hardware implementation of a computing system may be implemented in accordance with a processor, a memory, input/output (I/O) devices, and a network interface, coupled via a computer bus or alternate connection arrangement. 
     It is to be appreciated that the term “processor”, as used herein, is intended to include any processing device, such as, for example, one that includes a central processing unit (CPU) and/or other processing circuitry. It is also to be understood that the term “processor” may refer to more than one processing device and that various elements associated with a processing device may be shared by other processing devices. 
     The term “memory”, as used herein, is intended to include memory associated with a processor or CPU, such as, for example, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), a fixed memory device (e.g., hard drive), a removable memory device (e.g., diskette), flash memory, etc. 
     The phrase “network interface”, as used herein, is intended to include, for example, one or more transceivers to permit the computer system to communicate with another computer system via an appropriate communications protocol. 
     Software components including instructions or code for performing the methodologies described herein may be stored in one or more of the associated memory devices (e.g., ROM, fixed or removable memory) and, when ready to be utilized, loaded in part or in whole (e.g., into RAM) and executed by a CPU. 
     The present embodiments may be utilized in conjunction with the manufacture of integrated circuits, systems on chips, or chip sets. In general, a plurality of identical die are typically formed in a repeated pattern on a surface of a semiconductor wafer. Each die may include other structures or circuits. The individual die are cut or diced from the wafer, then packaged as an integrated circuit. One skilled in the art would know how to dice wafers and package die to produce integrated circuits. Integrated circuits so manufactured are considered part of this disclosure. 
     Embodiments disclosed herein ensure that the user is enabled to access the CS and PS services of the forbidden PLMN as soon as the network provides an indication to the UE, rather than waiting for the user to manually select the forbidden PLMN or waiting for a forbidden PLMN list deletion timer to expire. The embodiments are applicable to forbidden location areas. 
     Various devices, modules, and the like described herein may be enabled and operated using hardware circuitry, for example, complementary metal oxide semiconductor based logic circuitry, firmware, software and/or any combination of hardware, firmware, and/or software embodied in a machine readable medium. 
     While certain embodiments have been shown and described, it may be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.