Abstract:
The present invention relates to a system and method for providing a web-based graphical user interface to a legacy insurance data process system to increase the functionality and ease of use in quoting and issuing insurance quotes and policies, providing insurance information and other insurance related services. The system and method integrate use of Internet technology in business work flows, provide dynamic data entry for insurance coverage packages and pricing programs, offer easy access to value-added products and services, and enable local printing of professional insurance applications, proposals and forms to facilitate immediate delivery of professional-quality proposals to customers.

Description:
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/219,622 titled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING WEB-BASED DATA PROCESSING SERVICES TO INSURANCE AGENTS AND CUSTOMER SERVICE REPRESENTATIVES,” filed Jul. 21, 2000, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application is also related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/843,841 titled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING WEB-BASED USER INTERFACE TO LEGACY, PERSONAL-LINES INSURANCE APPLICATIONS,” filed Apr. 30, 2001. 

   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to a system and method for providing web-based data processing services to insurance agents and customer service representatives. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system and method for providing a web-based interface to an insurance data processing system to increase the functionality and ease of use in providing information about commercial-lines insurance policies to users, issuing commercial-lines insurance quotes and policies, modifying policies, etc. As referred to herein, commercial-lines insurance policies relate to insurance policies for commercial and/or business needs, as opposed to individuals&#39; needs. Examples of commercial-lines insurance include, but are not limited to: business owners insurance policy (e.g., Travelers&#39; MasterPac policy); automobile insurance coverage for a business auto fleet; workers compensation (WC) insurance; and umbrella insurance coverage. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   Insurance companies have traditionally used large, centralized data processing systems that run on mainframe computers. Because of the large amounts of data that must be handled and because of the criticality of the system, mainframes have provided an economical way to provide the necessary performance and reliability. As insurance companies become more competitive, it is imperative that insurance agents be provided an easy-to-use, user-friendly interface with which to view policy information, issue insurance quotes and policies, and so on. 
   Since many insurance agents have the ability to issue policies from more than one insurance company, it is often ease-of-use that makes the sale when prices are relatively similar. Additionally, insurance companies have invested significant resources into legacy mainframe applications. It would be very costly to completely rewrite mainframe applications for another computing environment. 
   BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   There is a need for a web-based insurance data processing system and method that provide the necessary reliability, performance, and ease-of-use. There is also a need for a system and method that can provide a modern, user-friendly interface to a legacy insurance system, such as a mainframe system, to provide information about insurance policies such as commercial-lines insurance policies to users, issue commercial-lines insurance quotes and policies, modify policies, etc. 
   Accordingly, the preferred embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for a web-based graphical user interface (GUI) to an insurance data processing system (insurance system) that is fast and simple to navigate. 
   The preferred embodiments of the present invention also provide a system and method for a user-friendly interface to an insurance system that requires minimal training, increases productivity, and saves money. 
   The preferred embodiments of the present invention further provide a system and method for a web-based interface to an insurance system that integrates use of Internet technology in business work flows, provides dynamic data entry for insurance coverage packages and pricing programs that are most often used, and offers easy access to value-added products and services. 
   The preferred embodiments of the present invention also provide a system and method for a web-based interface to an insurance system that enables local printing of insurance applications, proposals and forms to facilitate immediate delivery of professional-quality proposals to customers and on-demand printing of applications, forms and binders. 
   The preferred embodiments of the present invention additionally provide a system and method for a web-based interface to an insurance system that includes intuitive graphical features such as trees, buttons, hyperlinks, navigation bars, drop-down boxes, and dynamic screen painting. 
   The preferred embodiments of the present invention also provide a system and method for a web-based interface to an insurance system that continues process flow based on data capture, prompts only for pertinent questions, and displays specific coverage and deductible options that apply to form, jurisdiction and market. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The preferred embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limited in the following figures, in which: 
       FIG. 1A  depicts a high level architecture for a web-based graphical user interface (GUI) to a host insurance data processing system (insurance system) and its insurance applications, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 1B  depicts an application architecture showing a tier diagram for a web-based GUI to an insurance system and its insurance applications, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 1C  depicts a technical architecture, with reference to  FIG. 1A , of the application architecture and tier diagram shown in  FIG. 1B , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 1D  depicts an infrastructure of the technical architecture shown in  FIG. 1C , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 1E  depicts in general a redundancy aspect of the technical architecture shown in  FIGS. 1B-D , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 1F  depicts a particular redundancy architecture of  FIG. 1E , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 1G  depicts a components and services framework in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2A  depicts a user&#39;s desktop screen with a window opened for accessing a private network to gain entry to the GUI and insurance system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2B  depicts a screen for verifying the user login identification and password for the private network accessed by the screen in  FIG. 2A , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2C  depicts a screen for user selection of a web site for a desired insurance system after a successful logon to the private network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIGS. 3A-B  depict screens for activation of a new ID and password for the host insurance applications, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 4  depicts a splash screen upon accessing a commercial-lines insurance application from the host insurance company, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 5  depicts a Special Message screen, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 6  depicts an Account Search/Account Clearing screen, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 7  depicts a screen having an ellipse button, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 8  depicts a Common Information screen for account establishment, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 9  depicts an Account Summary screen, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 10  depicts a Quick Reference Locator screen for a MasterPac quote, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 1   l  depicts a Quick Reference Locator screen for a MasterPac issue, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 12  depicts a prompt-related error messaging pop-up in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 13  depicts a cross-screen error messaging pop-up in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 14  depicts a Worksheet screen in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 15  depicts a Memo screen in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 16  depicts a Scorecard screen in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 17  shows an overview of a Mailbox screen flow in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 18  shows the Direct Bill Information screen of the MasterPac issue in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 19  shows the Policy Information screen of a workers compensation (WC) quote in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIGS. 20-22  shows the State/Class Code screen of the WC quote in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 23  shows the Pricing/State Plans screen of the WC quote in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 24  shows the ScoreCard screen for the WC quote in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 25  shows the Legal Entity Information screen, which displays first in the WC issue screen flow in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 26  shows the State Issue Information screen of the WC Issue in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 27  shows the General Issue Information screen for WC issue in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 28  shows the forms screen for WC Issue in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 29  shows the Final Issue Information screen for WC issue in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 30  shows the Quick Reference Locator (QRL) screen for WC Issue in accordance to an embodiment of the present invention in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 31  shows a Policy Information screen for the Automobile quote process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIGS. 32A-32C  show a Policy Coverage screen, as it is scrolled down, of the Automobile quote process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIGS. 33A-33C  show the Coverage Detail screen, as it is scrolled down, of the Automobile quote process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIGS. 34A-34C  show a Vehicle Schedule or Information screen for an Automobile quote in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIGS. 35A-35B  show the Vehicle Coverage Detail screen for an Automobile quote in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIGS. 36A and 36B  together show the Class Code Help screen for the Automobile quote in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIGS. 37A-37D  show the Pricing screen for an Automobile quote in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 38  shows a list of factors affecting the Pricing of an Automobile quote in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 39  shows a warning pop-up window for the Pricing screen of  FIGS. 37A-37D  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 40  shows the Driver List screen for an Automobile quote in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 41  shows the QRL screen for Automobile issue in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 42  shows the Additional Interests screen in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 43  shows the Reporting Information screen for Automobile issue in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 44  shows the Coverage Schedule screen for Automobile issue in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 45  shows the Forms screen for Automobile issue in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 46  shows the Final Issue Information screen for Automobile issue in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIGS. 47A-47B  depict the Umbrella Detail screen for an Umbrella quote in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 48  shows an example of an Underlying Schedule screen for an Umbrella issue process, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 49  shows an “A” Rate Submission screen for a state for an Umbrella issue in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 50  shows an example of a Forms screen for Umbrella issue, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 51  shows the Final Issue Information screen for Umbrella issue in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 52  shows the Quick Reference or Access Locator screen for an Umbrella issue in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention provides users with web-based access to an insurance data processing system (insurance system), such as a legacy insurance mainframe system, for insurance information about insurance policies to users, issuance of insurance quotes and policies, modification of policies, etc. For example, an insurance agent at a remote location using a web browser such as Netscape Communicator or Microsoft Internet Explorer can access the insurance system via a web server across a public communication network such as the Internet or a private communication network. One private communication network commonly used by insurance agents is the Insurance Value Added Network (IVAN). One feature of this approach is that all remote locations can have access to a central system and uniform graphical experience without the need to distribute software to each and every individual remote location. 
   The present invention also provides a mechanism for building a Web-based graphical user interface (GUI) to legacy systems while leveraging the legacy applications by “wrapping” each legacy application in a web-based GUI and then hiding the legacy application behind that interface. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the web-based GUI comprises at least one website that is provided by one or more web server groups or farms, each including one or more web servers. Any web-based development platform, such as the Microsoft Windows Distributed Internet Architecture (WINDNA), may be used to build and deploy the web-based GUI. In other words, the GUI applications may be hosted by an Internet information server (IIS), such as the Microsoft IIS, and utilize a teleprocessing or transaction processing monitor (TP monitor), such as the Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS) to provide the web-based GUI and its website(s). The deployment of the web-based GUI of the present invention also includes server site replication to ensure that the server farms contain identical applications and information. Thus, legacy applications of the insurance system are hidden behind the web-based GUI, and users can access those legacy applications via the GUI and its website(s). The term “users” used throughout the present disclosure refers to insurance agents using the web-based GUI and insurance system to serve their insurance customers. Users can also refer to insurance customers themselves who are authorized to access the GUI website and the retrievable insurance applications therein. For website security, the GUI web servers can authenticate users with traditional Microsoft Windows-based authentication mechanisms such as lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) or Active Directory. The GUI web server farms and their web servers therein can then communicate with the insurance system using message queue (MQ) over transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP). 
   According to one embodiment of the present invention, there are provided three server farms for the web-based GUI to the insurance system as shown in  FIG. 1A . One server farm  101  may be virtually set up at a public Internet hosting site and can be accessed by users  102  through the Internet  109  and IP router  110 . Another server farm  103  may be virtually set up in a demilitarized zone (DMZ), i.e., a barrier between the intranet and the Internet, and can be accessed by users  104  through private networks such as the IVAN. The third server farm  105  may be virtually set up within an insurance host internal network and can be accessed by users  106  through the intranet of the internal network. The users  102 ,  104 , and  106  all use the web-based GUI to access the various server farms. These server farms are in turn connected to the host insurance system  108 , which is also located within the host internal network, via the MQ  107 . Security features such as data encryption, user authentication, and firewalls are used with the server farms in the appropriate manner to define their virtual set-ups, even though they may be physically located in one location, to prevent unauthorized use of the GUI and its web servers and entry into the host insurance system  108 . 
   According to an embodiment of the present invention, a software or hardware load balancer  100  such as the Cisco LocalDirector can be used to load balance between the web server farms  101 ,  103 , and  105 , with each web server in the server farms running, for example, Windows 2000. The LocalDirector  100  load balances between the server farms  101 ,  103 , and  105 . If one server farm goes down, the user&#39;s state is maintained and his or her session can be continued on one of the remaining server farms. Thus, the server farms back up one another. Likewise, as mentioned earlier, there may be provided more than one server per server farm; thus, if one server goes down, the user&#39;s state is maintained and his or her session can also be continued on another server in the same server farm. 
   Some legacy applications of the insurance system embed business logic into their legacy screen programs for data entry. Because the web-based GUI of the present invention replaces those legacy screen programs, new code for the web-based GUI may be created to ask users the appropriate questions and to make sure that appropriate answers are given under the various circumstances of insurance. Some of these circumstances include the various jurisdictions or states for which the insurance products are requested, the various insurance products available to users from the insurance host and its system, the various insurance filings, etc. For instance, in an insurance quote transaction, the web-based GUI of the present invention can collect the necessary information from a user and then route such information to the insurance rating engines within the insurance system to generate an insurance quote for the user. If the user is interested in the quote, the insurance sale process continues whereby the GUI will prompt the user for additional information, such as billing information and other information pertinent to the insurance policy of interest. The additional information is then sent back to the issue engines of the insurance system where premium breakdowns are analyzed, statistical feeds and feeds for the general ledger and advanced function printing are created, etc. 
     FIG. 1B  shows an application architecture and a tier diagram for accessing the insurance system and its insurance applications via a web-based GUI of the present invention. The web-based GUI includes the web browser  111 , such as Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator/Communicator, that users  102 ,  104 , and  106  ( FIG. 1A ) use to access the host insurance system  108 . As mentioned earlier, the web-based GUI also includes web servers  112 , which are located in the server farms  101 ,  103 , and  105  ( FIG. 1A ) and built and deployed by, for example, WINDNA. The web servers  112  provide a presentation service tier. The host insurance system  108  provides a business services tier and a data services tier. The presentation service tier of the web browsers  112  includes a screen presentation, a business service interface, and a business service access for: gathering information from the users by using an interview engine to guide them to relevant questions and allowable answers; sending users&#39; information to the business services for processing; receiving the results of the business services processing; and presenting those results to the users. The business services tier of the host  108  includes services, components, a legacy interface, rating engines, and issue systems for: receiving input from the presentation services tier; interacting with the data services tier to perform the business operations that were designed to be automated (e.g., report ordering, issue processing, rating, etc.); and sending the processed results to the presentation services tier. The data services tier of the host  108  includes report ordering, work management, product, work in progress (WIP), and policy databases for: storing data; retrieving data; maintaining data; and assuring the integrity of data. 
     FIG. 1C  provides a technical architecture, with reference to  FIG. 1A , of the application architecture and tier diagram shown in  FIG. 1B , wherein like elements are labeled with like numbers. As shown, the presentation services tier includes the web browsers  111 , the load balancer or local director  100 , the web servers  112  with an associated structured query language (SQL) server  113  for maintaining the users&#39; states in the web servers  112 . Just as shown in  FIG. 1A ,  FIG. 1C  shows that the web servers  112  communicate with the host  108  using the MQ  107 . The business services tier and the data services tier at the host  108  include: the business events and business rules for the business services tier and the various aforementioned databases  119  for the data services tier. The host  108  further includes legacy interfaces  116  and legacy database  117  for providing access to the legacy insurance applications  118 . 
   According to one embodiment of the present invention, the application code for the business rules and events for the business services tier can be developed using Computer Associates Cool:Gen, which is a modeling tool and application generator. This product provides a mechanism for developing platform independent source code for the web-based system. Once an application code is developed in Cool:Gen, it can be deployed in Unix, Windows 2000, or other operating systems. In this instance, the application code for the business rules and events is deployed in a Customer Information Control System and/or Information Management System (CICS/IMS) environment at the host  108 . 
     FIG. 1D  shows the infrastructure of the technical architecture in  FIG. 1C , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, with like elements labeled with like numbers. As mentioned earlier, each web server  112  is built and deployed by WINDNA, which includes the IIS and the MTS. As is known in the art, the IIS provides the HTTP processing for the web server  112  and supports Active Server Pages (ASPs)  121  for dynamic processing of content from databases. The ASPs  121  retrieve functions through a local hub  122  at each web server  112 . The local hub  112  provides a layer through which functions from the host insurance system or anywhere can be retrieved and used by the ASPs  121 . The web server  112  further includes a Comproxy  123  developed through Cool:Gen, which is used to handle communication between the web server  112  and the host insurance system  108  by running the MQ client  124  for connection to the MQ  107  at the host insurance system  108 . As mentioned earlier, the web server  112  provides the screen presentation of the presentation services tier. It also allows user personalization and customization of the screen presentation and implements business rules when applicable. 
   As mentioned earlier, user authentication and security for the web-based GUI of the present invention are provided to the web servers  112  using traditional Microsoft Windows-based authentication mechanisms such as lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) or Active Directory. According to one embodiment of the present invention, authentication and security features are set up in at least one server farm  145 , with an LDAP server  147 , separate from the web servers  112 . Again, where the authentication and security features are set up depend on whether the features are designed for users accessing the web-based GUI of the present invention via the Internet, Intranet, or a private data network. 
   According to one embodiment of the present invention, the host  108  comprises a multiple virtual storage (MVS) mainframe with the CICS/IMS environment  115 . There is provided a remote hub  126  in the CICS/IMS  115  for accessing the business events and business rules (BR) functions  128  for the business services tier and the databases  119  for the data services tier. Like the local hub  122  in the web servers  112 , the remote hub  126  provides a layer through which functions from the host insurance system or anywhere can be accessed by the web servers  112  and/or the host insurance system  108 . Together, the business events and business rules  128  and the databases  119  trigger access to the legacy applications via an External Action Block (EAB)  116 , which is the legacy wrapper or legacy interface. Thus, the CICS/IMS  115  implements the business rules, manage inventory of the business rules, extend the business rules to the web server  112 , manage inventory of services, and provide wrapping of legacy applications. 
   According to one embodiment of the present invention, the business events and rules are set up in a component and services architecture, wherein each component comprises one or more services. Each component represents an insurance subject or product made available to the users by the host insurance system; whereas, each service corresponds to an action that a user can perform for a particular component. For example,  FIG. 1G  shows a components and services framework with components classified in eight different groups: references, product type, quotes, customers, activity type, correspondence type, activities, and correspondence. Descriptions of the components are found in Table 1, with the current number of public operations representing examples of the number of services for each of the components. 
   
     
       
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 1 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
               Acceptance Package: This component holds information on the WIP 
             
             
               needed for interface with the Electronic Publication application for a 
             
             
               quote. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 5 
             
             
               Actions: This component holds data on the WIP relating to Underwriter 
             
             
               Actions and Notations on a Quote. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 11 
             
             
               Additional Interests (Policy Participant): This component holds data 
             
             
               on the WIP relating to various third parties associated with a quote. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 10 
             
             
               Agent: This component has services that wrap legacy programs for 
             
             
               interfacing with the Agency Database. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 3 
             
             
               Common: This component has services that are common routines for 
             
             
               such things as parsing names and addresses. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 8 
             
             
               Convert Score: This component has services having to do with the 
             
             
               manipulation of credit scores, including the conversion between 
             
             
               numeric and alpha scores. Some of the services wrap legacy programs. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 7 
             
             
               Coverage: This component holds data on the WIP about the coverages 
             
             
               on a policy quote. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 23 
             
             
               Credit Surcharge Type: This component holds the product rules 
             
             
               governing credits and surcharges that can be applied to policies. 
             
             
               Used mainly by the Boat product. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 21 
             
             
               Customer: This component has services that wrap legacy programs for 
             
             
               interfacing with the Personal Lines customer files. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 9 
             
             
               Endorsement: This component holds data on the WIP about the 
             
             
               endorsements on a policy quote. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 11 
             
             
               Event: This component holds information about an event/activity 
             
             
               entered into the Contact Management application 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 6 
             
             
               Event Type: This component holds information about the types of 
             
             
               events/activities that can be entered in the Contract 
             
             
               Management application. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 2 
             
             
               Installment Schedule: This component has services that wrap a legacy 
             
             
               program for calculating installment payments. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 1 
             
             
               Location: This component holds data on states, and also has services 
             
             
               for directly accessing the TAP City Database and PPC Table. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 5 
             
             
               Lookup: This component holds data for a myriad of different reference 
             
             
               lookups. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 7 
             
             
               Loss: This component holds data on the WIP about losses, accidents, 
             
             
               convictions, etc., associated with a quote. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 22 
             
             
               Outside Report: This component hold information in the Warehouse about 
             
             
               requests for outside reports and the reports themselves that are received. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 31 
             
             
               Outside Report Type: This component holds information that defines the 
             
             
               formats of outside report requests and outside report results. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 9 
             
             
               Personnel/Staff Member: This component holds data about personnel and 
             
             
               organizations in the business service offices that are used for the 
             
             
               contact management and work management applications. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 2 
             
             
               Policy: This component holds Policy/Quote level data on the WIP. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 80 
             
             
               Policy Subject: This component holds data on the WIP about the persons 
             
             
               and things that are insured by a policy quote. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 27 
             
             
               Premium: This component holds information on the WIP about the 
             
             
               premium charges for a quote, including credits and surcharges. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 11 
             
             
               Premium Type: This component holds the product rules governing 
             
             
               premium charges for policies. Used only by the Boat product. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 20 
             
             
               Pricing Options: This component holds the product rules governing 
             
             
               premium levels, pricing tracks and writing companies. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 4 
             
             
               Pricing Option TRV: This component has Travelers written services 
             
             
               relating to Pricing Options. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 1 
             
             
               Problem Log: This component holds a log of error messages related to a 
             
             
               quote on the WIP. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 5 
             
             
               Product Rules: This component contains product rules about Policy Types, 
             
             
               Coverage Grant Options (Coverage and Endorsement Types), Coverage 
             
             
               Dependencies, Limit Types, Deductible Types and Subject Types. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 33 
             
             
               Rate Type: This component holds product rules governing premium rates. 
             
             
               Used only by the Boat product. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 20 
             
             
               Rating Results: This component holds data on the WIP that is returned 
             
             
               from the policy rating systems when a quote is rated. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 3 
             
             
               Reinsurance Type: This component holds the product rules governing 
             
             
               premium charges for reinsurance on policies. Used only by the Boat 
             
             
               product. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 18 
             
             
               Script: This component holds script questions and answers for use in 
             
             
               building dynamic facet screens. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 24 
             
             
               Symbol: This component has services that wrap legacy programs for 
             
             
               accessing the Automobile symbol database. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 3 
             
             
               Template: This component holds information about Templates, which are 
             
             
               Quotes on the WIP that are not real customer quotes, but rather are 
             
             
               contain default data used to create a new quote. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 4 
             
             
               Transaction Log: This component hold information on the WIP relating to 
             
             
               transactions sent to the policy rating and issue applications for 
             
             
               quotes on the WIP. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 11 
             
             
               Transaction Type: This component holds data that defines the allowable 
             
             
               transaction and subtransaction type combinations by line of business, 
             
             
               policy status and call type. 
             
             
               Current number of public operations: 3 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
     FIG. 1E  shows in general the redundancy aspect of the technical architecture depicted in  FIGS. 1B-D , with like elements labeled with like numbers. As explained earlier with reference to  FIG. 1A , there are web servers  112  located at different locations or server farms with a load balancer such as a LocalDirector  100  to load balance between the server farms. The web server sites  112  are identical to one another through server site replication, and the states of the web server sites  112  are maintained by the SQL server  113  through open database connectivity/OLE database (ODBC/OLEDB). Thus, the web server sites are redundantly provided to serve as backups to one another as mentioned earlier. The web server sites  112  communicate with the host insurance system  108  using MQ to access legacy insurance applications such as rating engines, issue systems, billing, and claim. As shown in  FIG. 1D , there is a CICS/IMS environment  115 , complete with remote hubs for providing services and components and a legacy interface to the legacy insurance applications, corresponding to each of the web servers site  112 . Because the web server sites  112  are replicated, their corresponding CICS/IMS environments are also replicated. 
     FIG. 1F  shows a particular redundancy architecture of  FIG. 1E  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein like elements are labeled with like numbers. A user wishing to access the web-based GUI to the host insurance system must first access the web browser on his or her machine  90 . The user&#39;s machine  90  then communicates to the load balancer or LocalDirector  100 , which load balances user requests across multiple web servers sites  112 . Which ever site  112  is selected to receive a user request from the LocalDirector  100  then accesses a proxycfg.ini file to determine the transmission type (i.e., MQ) and location (i.e., MQ name). Next, the selected web server site  112  accesses a channel table to determine an MQ Manager  107 , based on the determined transmission type and location, to communicate with the host insurance system. Both the channel table and the proxycfg.ini reside in each web servers site  112 . The first entry in the channel table is designated the primary, and the second entry in the channel table is designated a secondary for fail over. The selected web server  112  then communicates to the host insurance system via MQ, which triggers a host transaction or service from the CICS/IMS  115 . If the service requires information from another application, MQ is utilized as the communication interface. In this embodiment there are multiple legacy systems  171 - 174  which MQ can access via additional MQ managers. 
   Explanation is now made with regard to users accessing the insurance system and legacy insurance applications with the web-based GUI of the present invention.  FIG. 2A  shows an access of the insurance system with the GUI via a private communication network such as IVAN, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Here, the user must first access his or her private network account by opening up the logon screen  200  for such network, wherein the logon screen  200  is made possible by the IVAN product software installed on the user&#39;s machine. The “screen”, as it is referred to throughout the present disclosure, displays any one of the web pages residing at the website of the web-based GUI. At the logon screen  200 , the user must enter his or her login identification (ID) in the login profile box  250  and a password in the password box  270 , wherein the login ID and the password are those required for access to the private data network. Once the user is successfully connected to the private network, the user may also be required to validate the login ID and password again in the input fields  350  and  370  of screen  300 , as shown in  FIG. 2B . Once the user&#39;s ID and password for IVAN are validated, a screen  400  is displayed, shown in  FIG. 2C . Here, the user can choose to access the host insurance systems, such as the Traveler&#39;s host systems, by clicking on button  402  and the host insurance applications, such as Traveler&#39;s intranet applications, by clicking on button  404 . Thus, the private communication network software on the user&#39;s machine enables the user to access both the host insurance systems and the host insurance applications with one common connection and ID. The end result is that the user can easily “toggle” between the two choices seamlessly. 
   To access the host insurance applications, the user must have another ID and password for such applications. As is known in the art, the user obtains such ID and password upon developing a business relationship, such as a principal/agent relationship, with the host insurance company. When the user is set up with a new ID, it is necessary to activate the ID by accessing the host insurance systems  404  of  FIG. 2C . The ID must be activated in the environment the user will be accessing the host insurance applications (i.e., Production and/or Training).  FIG. 3A  shows the ID activation screen  430  upon accessing the host insurance systems. Here, the user is prompted to enter the new ID at  432  (e.g., “048546584”) and password at  434  and to press &lt;Enter&gt; upon completion. As shown in the figure, each character of the password is denoted by an asterisk to prevent unwanted viewing of the user&#39;s typed-in password. 
     FIG. 3B  shows an Applications menu  440  that is next displayed on the user&#39;s machine. Here, the user can select a Training or Production environment and press &lt;Enter&gt;. For instance, to activate the new ID and password for the commercial lines insurance applications, the user can select 1 for PC Commercial Lines in the Applications menu  440 . A Commercial Lines menu will then appear (not shown), and the user can select a particular commercial-lines insurance application from that menu and press &lt;Enter&gt; through the Special Message screens (as described later) until the user arrives at the main menu for the selected insurance application (as described later). That is all the user needs to activate the user&#39;s ID for use with the selected insurance application. The user can now log off the host insurance systems and subsequently log straight into the logon screen of the selected insurance application using the activated ID and password without going through the host insurance systems for ID activation again. 
   If the user is one of the Intranet users  106  (see  FIG. 1A ) of the insurance system, he or she will have icons on his or her desktop which allows direct access to the host insurance systems and host insurance applications. When the Intranet user is set up with a new ID, he or she must go through the same ID activation process as explained earlier. Likewise, if the user is one of the Internet users  102  (see  FIG. 1A ), he or she may be provided an Internet address, such as a uniform resource locator (URL), to access a designated website with choices for the host insurance systems and host insurance applications. Again, when the Internet user is set up with a new ID, he or she must go through the same ID activation process as explained earlier. Furthermore, the Internet user may be provided with an Internet address for direct logon to a specific host insurance application, wherein the user can enter the activated ID and password and then select an application, such as the commercial-lines insurance application. 
   After the ID activation and selection of the commercial-lines insurance application, whether from a private communication network, the Internet, or an Intranet, the user is shown the Issue Express Net “splash screen” or Welcome screen  450  in  FIG. 4 . According to one embodiment of the present invention, the layouts of the GUI screens for the hyperlink pages are the same throughout. Each screen includes a navigation tree or Navigator  455  and an action area or section  454 . The Navigator is provided to help users move through the insurance quote and issue process. Within each category shown in the Navigator there may be additional subcategories. At the top screen portion of the action area  454 , the user is greeted with a friendly, customized name that the user or his/her office has defined (e.g., no more cryptic “Smith/J/A/Agency, Inc”). There is a name table in the host insurance systems that drives the customized display. If the name table has not been updated with a custom name, then no welcome message will display at all. The user is prompted to enter a Producer Code at field  457  and a Report Office at field  458  to further identify the user and his/her affiliation. After the user has entered the Producer Code and the Report Office, the user can press &lt;Enter&gt; and marketing messages may be displayed at screen portion  454 . These messages can be targeted to the user and/or any other targeted users. The messages can be added, changed or removed. Alternatively, the message can be set to expire automatically on a predetermined date. As shown in  FIG. 4 , the splash screen  450  offers a pick  456  for insurance-industry-standard ACORD forms that allows the user to print blank ACORD forms. To continue, the user can click on the Rate/Quote/Issue link in the Navigator frame to begin the Account Establishment/Policy Issuance Process Alternatively, after typing in the Producer Code and Report Office but prior to submitting this information (e.g., instead of pressing &lt;Enter&gt;), the user can directly click on Rate/Quote/Issue link to bypass the marketing messages shown at the lower portion of the action area  454 . 
   Once the Rate/Quote/Issue link is accessed, a Special Message screen  500  as shown in  FIG. 5  will be displayed with a “news headline” approach. If the user wants more information about the headline, then the underlined hot-link, such as the Click here to see Saturday hours link, can be clicked to view a pop-up window  520  of the detailed message. These special messages may be authored by the user&#39;s home office or local system administrator. If it not the first time that the user accesses the insurance application, and the user wishes to continue with an existing account establishment already in progress, the user can click on the List WIP link in the Navigator  510 . The user will then be shown a list of works in progress in an Account Summary screen, from which the user can choose one to continue work. The Account Summary screen will be described later with reference to  FIG. 9 . If the user accesses an insurance application, such as a commercial-lines insurance application, for the first time, the user must choose Establish New from the Navigator  510  for the Account Establishment/Policy Issuance process. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a DOS-type window may appear on the screen. This is cleaning off old files. The user may also see some “File Not Found” messages flashing through, which can be ignored. This “DOS” window closes without user intervention. The user may then receive a window asking permission to download some files. The user grants the download permission and the download runs fully. Once the download is completed, another download-related pop-up window will appear asking if the user wants to now install and run the CAB files. The user clicks YES to this window and allow the files to unpack and install themselves. When the pop-up window disappears, an account search screen  600  as shown in  FIG. 6  appears, wherein the user can proceed with an account search. If the user is an Internet user, he or she may receive a security warning about sending information over the Internet, whereby the user can click on the “Don&#39;t Display this Message in the Future” checkbox so as not to be bothered with that message in the future. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the user may run through another file download pop-up window on a deeper screen, whereby the user can proceed according to the instructions above for facilitating the download and installation. Once these two downloads have processed, the user will not need to run through this on the same user&#39;s machine again. However, if the user uses another machine to access the legacy insurance application via the web-based GUI of the invention, the user will need to run through the CAB download process again for that other machine. Likewise, the user should also run through the process if a new version of the CAB files are released. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 6 , the Account Search page  600  is used to screen the existing set of accounts written or currently being quoted with the host insurance company. The search is against the Customer Information File (CIF) maintained by the host insurance company in its host insurance system. The user can search for a new account by typing in account name and principle state at the Name field and the State field, respectively. Once such information is entered, the user can click the “Search” button in the action area  610  to scan the CIF for any records matching, or closely matching, the user&#39;s search criteria. From the list developed by the search, as shown by the grid  640 , the user can scan the names and addresses to see whether there is a current record of the risk (i.e., the insured). If the user has located the record for the risk in question, he/she can click on the grid  640  to highlight the row and then click the “Select” button to begin the account establishment (see  FIG. 8 ). If the risk selected is currently in use by another agency, an informational message will appear indicating such use. Select field offices may click a Detail View button to display account level information such as the account full name and address, agency owning the account, etc. . . . to help with Broker of Record issues. Note that if the user is an agent, as shown here, he/she does not have access to this button. If the risk the user is quoting does not appear, the user can click on the “Create” button  660  to begin establishing the account (see  FIG. 8 ). 
   The Account Name search runs a sophisticated search against the CIF for names that match or closely match the user&#39;s search name input. Punctuation and “noise” words such as ‘the,’ ‘and,’ ‘company,’ inc.,’ ‘city of’ or ‘town of’ are ignored during the search process. Capitalization is also ignored. From the resulting significant words, a search is run against the first two significant words within the database of account names. The search engine will also manage potential misspellings in the key words. If names are found that match or closely match your search name, then the results are displayed and further searching stops. If no hits are found, then the search engine switches the order of the significant words and runs the search again. If matches or near matches are found, then the results are displayed and further searching stops. If no hits are found after this second search, then the system will display results that “sound like” (Dictionary Search) the user&#39;s search text. For the best results, two or three words should be used in the user&#39;s search. It is important to make multiple search attempts prior to creating a new account. The user may wish to run a search for the legally filed named insured as well as separate searches for DBA or TA names. If the user&#39;s risk includes a listing of partners, then individual searches should be run for each partner name. If the user gets blocked on his or her own account, this is probably a result of the user having multiple Producer Codes. The user should change the Producer Code and re-run the search to open the account for their access. 
     FIG. 8  shows the resulting Common Information screen  800  for account establishment after the account search or account creation. To modify information on an existing account, the user can modify the information already contained in the various entry fields of screen  800 . To create an account, the user can enter information into those entry fields which initially will be blank. The phone number is captured in screen  800  during account establishment so that the chosen insurance application, such as a commercial-lines insurance application, can interact with the host insurance system for effective phone number blocking. On the insurance application side, users are blocked from selecting an account that they don&#39;t own. A benefit of using the CIF is that the “Select” button of  FIG. 6  can recognize the existence of accounts that are written by other business units. 
   As shown in  FIG. 6 , the web-based GUI of the present invention uses grids extensively to collect policy data. Some key features include a question mark button, an ellipse button, selecting a row, and sorting grids. The question mark button in a cell is for running, for example, Help Wizards on some items. The ellipse button is used to indicate that additional information for the cell exists or needs to be input.  FIG. 7  shows examples of these key features. The ellipse button  710  in the Interest Information cell, is used to access a pop-up window that collects the interest information such as full name and address. For selecting a row, in many instances the user can select a row in a grid to take action on that row, such as delete. The easiest way to select a row is to click on the small colored (e.g., gray) block to the left of the row. For sorting grids, some grid headings can be used to trigger a sort of that column. This feature is useful on the List WIP page. 
   As shown in  FIG. 8 , the web-based GUI also offers extensive help. Users are encouraged to use this help to get an orientation of the screen and to find out particulars of a specific prompt. To get help for a specific field, the user can click once in the field in question and then press the 23 key on the keyboard. This will present a help pop-up, such as the pop-up window  820 , discussing that data entry field. A click on the close button will remove the help pop-up. To get help about the screen overall, the user can click once anywhere in the page body other than in an input field, then press 23. A pop-up window will appear discussing the overall screen usage and the screen buttons. This help window also provides a listing of all the screen fields as well as hot-links to the individual help topics. Help for grids and fill-in forms is available via the full screen help window. 
   As shown in previous figures, the Navigator of the web-based GUI of the present invention displays a listing of actions and screens that the user can access. Depending on where the user is located and what the policy status is, the Navigator expands and contracts dynamically. In other words, the Navigator shows only the selections that make logical sense based on where the user is located and what the user is doing. Some Navigator labels are shown preceded with a “+” or “−” sign. These hot-spots can be used to collapse or expand the selections. The Navigator can be used to ‘jump’ back to previously visited screens. 
   As will be shown in the later figures, the web-based GUI may include the use of screen buttons in the action area of a screen. Some of these buttons include the “Continue” button, the “Previous” button, the “Refresh” button, the “Update the policy status and see the rated premium” button, the “Save” button, the “Return to Account Summary” button. The “Continue” button is used to proceed from one screen to the next logical screen in the flow. Some screens offer a “Previous” button to page back a screen in the web-based GUI of the present invention. The user can also use the Navigator to jump to previous screens. The Account Summary page ( FIG. 9 ) offers a “Refresh” button to update the policies and statuses in view. The “Update the policy status and see the rated premium” updates the Net Account Summary screen with the latest information from the host insurance system. Some screens offer a “Save” button to force a save of the user&#39;s keyed data while on a screen. The user can use this while keying long schedules of Additional Interests, for example. For Workers Compensation (WC) insurance applications, the “Save” button is used to save optional State Plan data. The user can click this button when applying state rating plans prior to hitting the “Rate” button; the user&#39;s rating will not include the state plan data. The Scorecard, Worksheet and Policy Output pages offer a “Return to Account Summary” button. The user can use this button to quickly navigate out of the these pages back to the common Account Summary page ( FIG. 9 ). One letter within the label of each button is underlined. The user can press “Alt” plus the underlined letter to trigger that button. For instance, the user can use “Alt+C” to Continue rather then scrolling the page and clicking with the mouse on the user&#39;s machine. 
   Once an account is established either by a successful search of the CIF or a creation of a new account in  FIG. 8 , and the user clicks on the Add button on screen  800 , an Account Summary link will appear under the Common Info link in the Navigator  810 . A click on the Account Summary link will display the Account Summary screen  900  shown in  FIG. 9 . Additional links will also appear under the “Policy” folder in the Navigator  910 . The screen  900  shows a grid  920  listing of the insurance policies available in the established account. The user then can click on the “Quote” option to open up a number of links, including: “Modify Quote” for modifying the quote of a particular policy listed; “Refer Quote” for referring the quote; “Send memo” for sending messages, as shown in  FIG. 15  discussed below; “Issue Screens” for proceeding to issue screens for the particular quote, and “Purge Quote” for deleting a quote already of record. The “Send Memo” link allows messages to be sent. Furthermore, under the “Print Utilities” option, the user can click on the “WorkSheet” link, which presents the worksheet image for the policy highlighted in the policy grid shown in  FIG. 9 .  FIG. 14  shows an example of the worksheet image. The user can scroll or page down to the bottom of the worksheet page and choose the Print Worksheet button (not shown) or the Return to Account Summary button (not shown). 
   The user also has the ability to add a new quote by clicking on the “Add New” option under the “Policy” folder in the Navigator  910  of  FIG. 9 . The user can then add a new quote for an insurance policy, such as a business owner&#39;s policy, Automobile insurance coverage, workers compensation insurance, umbrella insurance coverage, etc. If the established account is a newly created account, the user does not have the aforementioned “Quote” option, but only the “Add New” option under the Policy folder to add a new quote. 
   When modifying a quote by clicking on the “Modify Quote” link, a Quick Reference Locator (QRL) screen will appear for the selected policy in the grid  920 . FIG.  10  shows a sample QRL screen  1000  for a Travelers MasterPac quote for a business owners policy. The QRL provides a directory of and direct access to the available screens for a particular policy quote or issuance of an insurance policy. This locator also lists the prompts and the screen to which they belong. A click on the prompt label will move the user to the specific screen to which the prompt belongs and into a specific field of the screen to which the prompt is associated. For instance, if the user clicks on the Named Insured link under Policy Information in the action area  1020 , the user will be shown a Policy Information screen for the MasterPac quote, with the cursor in the “Named Insured” field. 
   This locator page builds dynamically based on which screen the user has accessed. If the user keyed just the Policy Information link and the Location Schedules link in the Navigator  1010 , for instance, then the user will only have the prompts for those two screens listed in the action area  1020 . If the user modifies items that normally impact or cause derivations on subsequent screens, (e.g. Policy Effective Date) then the user may not want to make the change then jump directly to a subsequent screen that requires information from all previous intervening screens. For example, when changing the effective date, there might be impacts to factors in screens between the effective date screen and pricing screen that affect pricing. Thus, the “Continue” button should be used to page through the screens so that any new items can be derived and any new data items collected. Changing items that do not cause derivations on subsequent screens, like the Named Insured, will support the user jumping right to the Pricing screen. 
   When issuing a quoted policy by clicking on the “Issue Screens” link shown in  FIG. 9 , a QRL for the Issue screens of the insurance policy highlighted in grid  920  will appear.  FIG. 11  shows a sample QRL screen  1100  for the Travelers MasterPac issue insurance application. Like the quote locator, the Issue locator of  FIG. 11  builds dynamically to just the screens that the user has previously accessed. For the screen  1100 , the Additional Interests and General Issue Information picks will always appear on this screen. If the user has no additional insured, mortgage or loss payees, then the user can go right to the General Issue Information page to continue with the policy issuance. 
   Error messages can occur on individual screens and during the rating process. These errors may pertain to a required prompt being left blank. Alternatively, the error may suggest a conflict between items on multiple screens or on the same screen. The error messages provide a clear enough indication of the problem. Some error messages are technical in nature and cannot be fixed by the user. When these errors occur, the error message will indicate that the user should call a designated helpdesk or hotline for resolution. When Rating Errors occur, the user can use the Rate Error pick from the Navigator to view the error details in most cases.  FIG. 12  shows an example of a prompt-related error message.  FIG. 13  shows an example of a cross-screen error message. 
   If the policy chosen in the Account Summary screen ( FIG. 9 ) is out of the user&#39;s authority, a Scorecard screen as shown in  FIG. 16  will appear in the Navigator. The user can then click “Return to Account Summary” button to get out of the Scorecard and back to the Account Summary screen, where the user can click on the Refer Quote link, as described earlier. 
   Users, who include insurance agents, can also refer policies voluntarily by using the Refer Quote link shown in  FIG. 9 . Policies can also be referred when the user selects Issue from the Policy Output screen to issue a policy that is out of the user&#39;s authority. Like memos, referrals are delivered to the host insurance system via the Mailbox. 
     FIG. 17  shows an overview of a Mailbox screen flow. The MailBox List screen provides a means for agents and field offices to correspond with one another regarding a specific policy. In other words, the MailBox is not a free-form e-mail system. The design of the MailBox List is intended to replicate some of the functionality and ease of use found in today&#39;s e-mail systems. This includes a lists of new and old items, a way to branch off and view the message, a method of replying to the sender, and a method for managing the mail list itself. The MailBox List, rolls up the content of existing host Mailbox buckets or New Business. For agents, the MailBox List screen includes referral responses and incoming correspondence. For field offices, the Mailbox List screen includes incoming referrals and incoming correspondence. 
   The MailBox list screen or page appears when: 1) MailBox is clicked from the Welcome Page ( FIG. 4 ). Clicking MailBox from the Welcome page launches the second browser—the same browser as would launch when the Rate/Quote/Issue link is clicked (as described later). 2) MailBox List link, subordinate to the new MailBox heading, is clicked from the Navigator. 3) “Return” is clicked from the Memo page ( FIG. 15 , as described earlier) and the user had gotten to that Memo screen via the MailBox List page. When on the MailBox List page, a MailBox List link subordinate to the MailBox heading will appear in the Navigator and will have a red ‘current location’ marker in front of it. If the user clicks on MailBox from the Welcome page of  FIG. 4  or clicks on MailBox List from the Navigator, and there are no messages to display in the list, then the MailBox List page will be displayed with the message “There are no items currently in your MailBox” in the page. When the user moves from the MailBox List directly to the Account Summary page, the policy Key is preserved, and that policy is highlighted on the Account Summary page with appropriate Navigator items displayed. 
   At initial display, the MailBox List presents a listing of both new and old messages. Various business events/facet manipulations are used to accomplish the following: 
   1) Contain the ‘day one’ deliverable to New Business only. However, this limiter is easily switchable to incorporate additional lines of business by function type; for example, turn on MasterPac Change and Automobile Renewals into the MailBox process. 
   2) The list is sorted by Date Sent with the most recent items listed at the top (considerate of Date/Time-Stamp). 
   3) New, unopened items may be presented in a visually stimulating font with open, read messages presented in a contrasting font. The host insurance system has indicators/switches that acknowledge new versus old items. 
   4) If a specific policy key (e.g., policy form/policy number/policy effective date) has more than one MailBox item relative to it, then present the policy key (e.g., policy form/policy number/policy effective date) only once on the list. 
   5) List Sorting Manipulations: For mixed types under one policy key, present the one type literal that is most ‘important.’ The displayed literal should be the highest of: Declination(±)/Approval(+) (most important), Referral(+), Reply(+), Memo (leased important). Display a “+” immediately following the literal if the policy contains multiple items (i.e. additional memos) subordinate to it. 
   6) Display the From and Regarding of the newest item (the one that drove the sorting). 
   7) Use the Date/Timestamp of the most recent item as the determinant in ordering the policy in the list (newest at top, oldest at bottom). 
   8) If any of the items within the mixed policy row is unread, then present the row in Red. 
   9) Show approximately 15 rows in the grid prior to going into scroll. Maximize the content of the grid given available page real estate. 
   According to an embodiment of the present invention, the MailBox List grid includes column headings that can be scaled. The user may drag the border between the heading and expand or contract that column. All column headings may be ‘clickable’ to launch a re-sort of the grid based on the column heading clicked. For the “Delete ?” column, if its heading is clicked, it is sorted such that the list with the unprotected cells are at the top, and the protected cells at the bottom. For the “Type” column, if it is clicked, then the grid is sorted in ascending alphabetical order. A second click returns the list to the original sort order. For the “From” column, if it is clicked, the grid is sorted in ascending alphabetical order. A second click returns the list to the original sort order. For the “Regarding” column, if it is clicked, then the grid is sorted in ascending alphabetical order. A second click should return the list to the original sort order. For the “Line” column, if it is clicked, then the grid is sorted in ascending alphabetical order. A second click returns the list to the original sort order. For the “Latest Action” column, if Latest Action is clicked, then the list is switched to ascending order (oldest at the top, newest at the bottom). A second click returns the list to the original default sort order. 
   Regarding cross-screen impacts of the Mailbox List screen, from the Welcome page of  FIG. 4 , field users are not required to collect a Reporting Office and Producer Code prior to successfully launching the MailBox. If Recall Referral is chosen from the Navigator, then the user should move the original referral items from the mailbox (both the outgoing referral and the incoming referral). The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, screen tabbing order, and warning messaging of the Mailbox List screen. 
   Referring back to  FIG. 15  for the Memo screen, this screen is used to collect information for the sending of a memo or reply including the content of the message as well as an indication of where the message should be sent. The Memo page may display from the MailBox List, from a View Memo link or a Send Memo link on the Account Summary Navigator, or via “Send A Memo” pop-up windows during the policy issuance process. The policy key is preserved so that that such particular policy can be highlighted on the Account Summary grid when the Account Summary page is accessed. When accessing via the View Memo link, the memos shown will be any memo associated with that policy. In other words, there is no sensitivity or filtering based on type-of-work. 
   As shown in  FIG. 15 , the Memo screen displays fields and buttons conditionally according to at least the specifics documented in the present invention. Memos that have been sent back and forth between field office employees cannot be viewed by Agents. Further, memos that have been Sent To File by field office employees cannot be viewed by agents. The Help for the memo screen is specific to the display path that the Memo page was accessed from. Since the majority of the page display paths are static (with the exception of sending or replying to a memo), the help distinctions in terms of content will be at the page level. The distinct paths that would have separate Helps are: 1) Memo via Send Memo on the Account Summary (sending a new memo); 2) Memo via View Memo on the Account Summary (reviewing Historical correspondence); and 3) Memo via the MailBox List process, or ‘Memo’ from the Account Summary Navigator (different access paths, but same Help content). The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, screen tabbing order, and messaging for the Memo screen. 
   Explanation is now made with regard to the quote/issuance process for a sample number of insurance policies and some of the web-based GUI screens a user may encounter during processing. 
   For a business insurance policy such as the Travelers MasterPac insurance policy, the general screen flow from account establishment to MasterPac quote to MasterPac issue includes the following screens: 1) Common Information (to establish the Account); 2) Account Summary (to add the MasterPac policy); 3) Policy Information; 3) Location Schedule; 4) General Liability (GL) Classes (Contractors only); 5) Policy Coverage; 6) Policy Coverages—2 (as shown in  FIG. 12 ); 7) Location Detail; 8) Location Detail—2; 8) Pricing; 9) Account Summary (for Rating and to signal Policy Issuance); 10) Additional Interests; 11) General Issue Information (TRMR); 12) Forms (Search for Form); 13) Direct Bill; 14) Policy Output; 15) Account Summary (to view Issued status). Not all of these screens will need to be accessed on every policy. 
   The Common Information screen and Account Summary screen have been described earlier with reference to  FIGS. 8 and 9 , respectively.  FIG. 18  shows the Direct Bill Information screen of the MasterPac Issue. This screen displays as part of the full Issue Policy screen flow after the Forms screen and prior to the Policy Output screen. It can be directly accessed from the Navigator as the Billing link. This screen collects billing information such as billing name and address, installment plan and deposit information. The Payer Detail sections of the screen defaults to one record of the Insured and two blank rows for the potential capture of Other Payer and/or Finance Company. All other information on the page is prefilled/displayed with the exception of Check Number and Number of Installments. 
   The Payer Detail grid of the Direct Bill Information screen allows for the specification of the payers name and address. Usually, this is the Insured. This information is pulled from Direct Bill if an account record already exists and can be updated via changes to this grid. The Downpayment Information Grid of the screen provides a worksheet for the user to develop the appropriate downpayment premium. The grid displays the lines of business, policy form/policy number, policy effective dates, current policy premium from the host insurance systems, an installment plan per policy, the actual downpay amount, the suggested downpay amount, and an estimated installment column. On initial screen display, given the Payer State and Policy Premium, a Downpayment Amount will be calculated as a percentage of the total policy premium, e.g., either 20% if billing mailing address is Texas or 25% if anywhere else, and prefilled into the grid for each policy, then totaled. The Actual Downpay total back-fills into the Actual Check Amount field. If the user overrides the Actual Downpay total or the Actual Check Amount fields, the revised amount will be portioned over each line-of-business (determine what percentage the total check is against the total account premium, then use that percentage against each policy premium to determine the revised per-policy downpay amount). If the user types into the individual line-of-business Downpay Amount fields, then the downpay amounts will be added and displayed in the Total Downpay Amount and Check Amount fields. The display of policies in the Downpay Information Grid is pulled from the host insurance system and its insurance applications for the MasterPac policy. If the host insurance policy contains premium and is not Agency Billed and is not Direct Billed Off Account, then the policy record should be reflected in the grid. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, modal windows, page buttons, screen tabbing order, and error messaging of the Direct Bill Information screen for a MasterPac issue. Because other screens of the MasterPac quote and issue are similar to those of other insurance policies, they will be discussed with reference to such policies later. 
   Another legacy insurance application that the web-based GUI of the present invention can be used to access is the quote and issue process for a Workers Compensation (WC) insurance policy. The general screen flow from account establishment to WC quote to WC issue includes the following screens: 1) Common Information (to establish the Account); 2) Account Summary (to add WC policy); 3) Policy Information; 4) State/Class Code; 5) State Plans/Pricing; 4) Account Summary (to obtain premium and to transfer to host insurance system). 
   The Common Information screen and the Account Summary screen have been described earlier with reference to  FIGS. 8 and 9 , respectively.  FIG. 19  shows the Policy Information screen of the WC quote. This screen is a re-use of the Policy Information screen designed for the MasterPac policy. Minor changes have been made including the addition of two new prompts. The purpose of the screen is to collect data needed for the establishment of the WC policy on the host insurance systems as well as for one policy-level rating data element. The Policy Information screen in  FIG. 19  displays as the first screen in the quoting of a WC policy and appears when the user has chosen Add New/Work Comp from the Navigator of the Account Summary screen ( FIG. 9 ). The initial display of the screen presents some information from the submission level and a defaulted Employer&#39;s liability (EL) Limit. The screen contains a dynamic prompt when the policy term is short-term. When the Policy Information screen is displayed, the Navigator shows the Policy Information link under the Work Comp heading for workers compensation (WC). The link appears when the page is displayed and also after the screen has been completed so that the user can re-access the screen. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, screen tabbing order, and error messaging of the Policy Information screen for a WC quote. 
     FIG. 20  shows the State/Class Code screen of the WC quote. Here, the user can select the state and the class code for the employees to be quoted under the WC policy.  FIG. 21  shows that the user can also conduct a class code search instead of scrolling the grid in  FIG. 20  to obtain the proper class code.  FIG. 22  shows the resulting grid of the chosen states and class codes for the WC quote. 
     FIG. 23  shows the Pricing/State Plans screen of the WC quote. This screen displays automatically after the State/Class Code screen has been successfully completed or by selecting the Pricing/State Plans link from the Navigator. The Navigator always shows the Pricing/State Plans link whenever the page is open and whenever the page has been completed. The Pricing/State Plans screen initially displays prefilled with the states and a default company and rate mode for each state. The screen has no modal windows. It is used to collect pricing information and state-specific rating options (programs). A grid is displayed, one row for each state, to capture the individual pricing Company, Rate Mode, Schedule Modification (Mod) and Merit Mod. The state grid itself can become scrollable if more than a predetermined number of states are on the policy. If additional states plans are selected, then the bottom portion of the screen expands, scrollable if needed, to present and collect the additional programs. 
   If no change is needed for the pricing method, pricing company or rate mode, and no additional rating elements are needed, then the user can click on the “Rate” button to proceed to the Account Summary screen to get the quoted premium. According to an embodiment of the present invention, all defaults on this screen are appropriate and complete. Knowing the states on the policy, the screen can dynamically present only the combinable companies and rate modes for the various pricing methods for each state. Once the grid is completed, the user may, if needed, select a state row and click Additional State Plans. Only one state detail section will be presented at one time. Knowing the state, class code conditions and pricing grid selections, a dynamic list of optional state rating programs can be presented on the lower section of the page, using the scrollable screen. The user may add values into the additional state programs to indicate their inclusion on the policy. With regard to cross-screen impacts, if states are added via the State/Class Code screen, then this screen will re-display. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, and screen tabbing order of the Pricing/State Plans screen of the WC quote. 
     FIG. 24  shows the ScoreCard screen for the WC quote. As explained earlier with reference to  FIG. 16 , this screen displays the authority assessment (when Agency Authority=NO) of the WC policy. The ScoreCard link to this screen is available from the Navigator when a policy on the Account Summary screen is highlighted and contains an Authority=NO status. It serves to indicate the reasons a particular policy is out of a user&#39;s authority. The ScoreCard screen displays the Account Name, Policy Number, Policy Form and a Detailed Information grid detailing the reasons for the out-of-authority determination. The specific reasons for no authority are displayed based on hard-coded authority conditions and profiled authority levels relative to the data collected on the quote/issue screens. The grid will move into a scroll mode when there are more than a set number of rows in the Detailed Information grid. 
   The WC ScoreCard screen is a re-use of the MasterPac scorecard. Like most other screens of the web-based GUI of the present invention, the heading contains the Producer Code, Policy Name and Reporting Office. The Active Server Page (ASP) for the ScoreCard screen is coded to sense the incoming line of business and displays appropriate headings pertinent to the LOB. While the MasterPac scorecard shows Loc/Building/Reason/Policy Limit/Authority Limit, the WC scorecard shows State/Loc/Reason/Policy Limit/Authority Limit, as shown in  FIG. 24 . The WC Score Card screen displays as a Navigator pick (ScoreCard) when a policy has been highlighted on the Account Summary screen. The Score Card screen does not display as part of any flow. It is an informational display page. Once the user has used the content of the ScoreCard page, the user can move from the page by using the “Return to Account Summary” button or by making another Navigator menu selection. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, and screen tabbing order of the Score Card screen of the WC quote. There are no warning messages or modal windows for this screen. 
     FIG. 25  shows the Legal Entity Information screen, which displays first in the WC issue screen flow. The Navigator references this page as a Legal Entities link, which is displayed in the Navigator whenever the page is presented and whenever the page has been completed. Thus, this screen can be accessed from the Navigator. This screen displays after the Account Summary screen and before the Identification Numbers screen. The screen features three potential modal windows for the entering of Legal Entity Names and location addresses and for the assignment of legal entities for each location. Clicking on the “Continue” button from this screen moves the user to the next screen, the State Issue Information screen ( FIG. 26 ), which will be described later. As shown in  FIG. 25 , this screen contains two grids, the “Define Each Legal Entity” grid and the “Complete Address Info and Assign Entities to Each Location” grid. The “Define Each Legal Entity” grid displays on the initial presentation of the screen. The Name(s) field for Entity  1  is prefilled with the first line of the policy Named Insured. The user can then enter any additional names for Entity  1  as well as any other legal entities and their associated names. The grid can display up to a predetermined number of legal entities. Beyond that number, when an additional entity is added, the grid goes into a scroll mode. However, the action buttons remain visible on the page at all times. None of the column headings can be used to sort the grid. The grid also contains a ‘nub’ on the left where the user can select an entire row from the grid by clicking on the ‘nub’ (e.g. for deleting an entity). The user can use the ‘Add Another Entity’ button to add additional rows to the table until all the legal entities on the policy are entered. If it is necessary to delete legal entities previously added, the user can highlight the selected entity and clicking on the ‘Delete Selected Entity’ button. This option is active when there is more than one entity. If only one entity exists, this button is not active. 
   With regard to the “Complete Address Info and Assign Entities to Each Location” grid, it displays on the initial presentation of the Legal Entity Information screen with state and location columns prefilled from the information collected on the State/Class Code screen. It has two functions: collecting address information for each location on the policy and allowing the user to assign each location to a legal entity on the policy. With regard to the first function, the state and location columns are prefilled with the information collected on the State/Class Code screen previously shown in  FIG. 20 . The remaining fields on the grid are entered by the user (Address, City, Zip Code) using the address modal window. The grid displays up to, for example, 3 state/location rows. When the 4 th  row is added, the grid goes into a scroll mode. The action buttons remain visible on the page at all times. None of the column headings can be used to sort the grid. With regard to the second function, upon initial display of the screen, all locations are assigned to Entity  1 . However, if the user adds additional entities, the default is removed. The user can then assign each location to a legal entity by clicking on the “Assign” button in that row and choosing the appropriate legal entity from the list in a modal window. A location may be assigned to more than one legal entity. A new row is created for each entity assigned. Even though there are separate rows, modification of address information for the state/location combination needs to be performed only once. The changed information is then displayed in all affected rows of the grid. When multiple entities are assigned to the same location, the additional rows created should display together on the grid. (All rows for each location should display together) To delete the entity/location relationship, the user can click on the “Assign” button and remove the ‘check’ next to the given entity. The row is then deleted on the grid, unless it is the only row for that location. If that is the case, the row re-displays with the entity field blank. 
   The Full Screen Help features help on the Legal Entity Information screen, which provides that the screen collects the necessary legal entity information to be forwarded to WC state authorities. Names for each legal entity and their associated addresses are captured on this screen. It is critical to ensure accuracy of this information in order for the insured to avoid fines for failure to secure WC coverage. In addition, The host insurance company may be subjected to unnecessary claim exposure when this information is inaccurate. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, modal windows, page buttons, screen tabbing order, and error messaging of the Legal Entity Information screen for the WC Issue process. 
     FIG. 26  shows the State Issue Information screen of the WC Issue. It displays after the Legal Entity Information screen and before the General Issue Information screen in the issue flow. Selecting the “Continue” button from this screen moves the user to the General Issue Information screen. This screen may also be accessed by choosing the State Issue Info link from the Navigator. It is used to collect all the identification numbers for every legal entity entered as well as the California Legal Entity indicator, when necessary. In addition, when experience is rated, the risk ID numbers and Experience Modification Indicator will also be collected. Also collected on this screen is information related to the experience modification, if one is applied. The risk ID number and the Experience Mod Indicator are both required when an experience modification was input (YES) on the State/Class Code screen as shown in  FIG. 20 . 
   Upon initial screen display, all fields are blank in the State Issue Information screen of  FIG. 26 . The screen contains one grid, the Experience Modification Grid, which is displayed only if there is a value in any of the Experience Mod fields on the State/Class Code screen. Upon initial display, the state columns not applicable to the policy are colored out and cannot be accessed. This grid has two functions: 1) collecting the insured&#39;s risk ID numbers assigned by the various rating bureaus; and 2) collecting the Experience Modification Indicator for the Experience Modification input during the rating process. If the experience modification on the State/Class Code screen is deleted after data is entered on this grid and saved, the grid will display with the entered data. This is true until the data on the grid is deleted, at which time, upon re-entry to the screen, the grid will not display. Depending on the number of legal entities and state ID numbers listed on the screen, the screen could potentially scroll downward. The Navigator references this page as the State Issue Info link, which is displayed in the Navigator whenever the page is presented and whenever the page has been completed. 
   The State Issue Information screen collects state-specific information necessary for issuance of the policy. For every legal entity input on the Legal Entity Information screen, there are federal and state ID number fields (i.e. New York EUIR #) displayed that must be input. Because this information is transmitted to WC state authorities, it is critical that it is entered accurately to ensure that the insured is not fined for failure to secure WC coverage. In addition, The host insurance company may be subject to unnecessary claim exposure when this information is inaccurate. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, screen tabbing order, and error messaging of the State Issue Information screen of the WC Issue. 
     FIG. 27  shows the General Issue Information screen for WC issue. The screen appears after the State Issue Information screen in the WC issue screen-flow. It is available from the Navigator as the General Issue Info link. Clicking on the “Continue” button from this screen takes the user to the Forms screen. This General Issue Information screen is used to capture and display miscellaneous information needed for issuance of a WC policy. It initially displays with certain information having already been derived (e.g., information on commission), while the remaining fields initially display with default values. Depending on the role code of the user, some fields either display or are hidden from the presentation layer. The screen also features a question regarding the election of executive officers/partners etc. Depending on the answer and the law of the governing state, a form that is usually requested by users will be automatically derived. The General Issue Information screen features one grid, the “State Negotiated Commission” grid (not shown), which displays when the user chooses “State” for the question “Any change to the standard rate of commission?” The grid displays the derived commission for all of the states on the policy with a separate cell for each state to input any negotiated commission. The grid displays up to a predetermined number of states, such as three. If there are more than three states, the grid will go into a scroll mode to view the remaining states. The screen features a scroll bar to accommodate for the varying length of the screen, depending on the need to input additional information. 
   The Full Screen Help for the General Issue Information screen is used to capture and display miscellaneous information needed for issuance of the WC policy. In addition to displaying commission percentage, this screen also features the ability to automatically derive the appropriate election or exclusion form based on the type of legal entity and the law of the governing state. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, screen tabbing order, and error messaging of the Final Issue Information screen of the WC Issue. 
     FIG. 28  shows the forms screen for WC Issue. This screen provides the forms that are for a particular WC policy ready for issue, with the option to add or delete any of the listed forms in the forms grid of the screen. 
     FIG. 29  shows the Final Issue Information screen for WC issue. This screen displays as the last screen in the final issuance process for a WC policy and is available from the Navigator as the Final Issue Info link. The screen appears after the Billing screen and prior to presentation of the Account Summary screen. The Billing screen is similar to that of the MasterPac issue shown in  FIG. 18 . The Final Issue Information screen offers many features including the ability to stop the policy from going through the automatic renewal process. It also derives and displays some information that will be helpful to the user such as the name of the ‘Insuring Company’. 
   The purpose of the Final Issue Information screen is to capture and display miscellaneous information needed for issue. There are variances in what prompts will display and what will be hidden from the presentation layer. Those variances are based largely on role code—whether or not the user is an Agent, Home Office or Field Office Employee. The screen is also used to collect output information such as the “Send Select Office Copy to” and “Send Service Center Copy to” as well as a Mail Directly to Agency choice. The screen is initially displayed with certain information having already been derived. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, screen tabbing order, and error messaging of the Final Issue Information screen of the WC Issue. 
     FIG. 30  shows the QRL screen for WC Issue in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The functionality of this screen mirrors the existing functionality of the Account and MasterPac issue QRL screen. As explained earlier, the Navigator reflects the various options and links shown in the QRL. The Navigator selections are as follows in the order that they appear: Legal Entities, State Issue Info, General Issue Info, Forms, Billing, and Final Issue Info. Thus, many of the menu choices are WC-specific, but the functionality is almost identical to that of MasterPac processing with the following few changes. 
   There are three rules that guide the functionality of the QRL and Navigator for WC Issue: 1) The first time through the issue screens, the user must be led through each screen to ensure proper processing. The initial display of the Navigator collapses, showing only the Legal Entities reference as the first screen in the issue process. As the user moves through the screen-flow the Navigator builds, displaying the next screen in the flow. The Quick Reference Location is opposite of the Navigator, this screen displays menu choices of screens already processed. Therefore, it is not accessible until after the Legal Entity Information screen is processed. Like the Navigator, it too would build as subsequent screens are processed. 2) If the user utilizes the QRL or Navigator to re-access and modify an issue screen, he/she must re-access all of the subsequent issue screens. In this case, the Navigator is collapsed, viewing only the next screen in the flow; whereas, the QRL displays only those screens that display prior to the modified screen. The user can click on the “Continue” button or use the Navigator to access the next logical screen. 3) If the user modifies the quote, he/she is forced to re-access all of the issue screens. Here, as in the first time through the issue path, the Navigator displays only the Legal Entities reference. As the user moves through the screen-flow the Navigator builds, displaying the next screen in the flow. As for the QRL, again, it is not accessible until after the Legal Entity Information screen is processed. Like the Navigator, it too would build as subsequent screens are processed. Note that on numbers 2 and 3, these processing constraints are due to the dependencies on almost every issue screen with the quote data and dependencies between several of the issue screens themselves. This is particularly true for the forms information. Despite what the Data Exists indicator is, when the quote is modified the Forms Derivation indicator must be reset and the user must re-access the Forms screen. 
     FIG. 31  shows a Policy Information screen for the Automobile quote process. This screen is a re-use of the Policy Information screen designed for MasterPac. Minor changes have been made including the addition of some new prompts (depending on State). The Policy Information screen displays as the first screen of the Quote process. It is available from the Navigator as the Policy Information link. It will be displayed after Add New/Automobile is selected from the Account Summary screen ( FIG. 9 ). When this page is displayed, the Navigator will show the Policy Information link under the Automobile heading. The link appears when the page is displayed and also after the screen has been completed so that the user can re-access the screen. 
   When the Policy Information screen is completed, the user will be brought to the Policy Coverage screen. The purpose of the Policy Information screen is to collect data needed for the establishment of the Automobile policy on the host insurance system. The screen is preset with the legal entity, Named Insured, mailing info effective and expiration dates from the Submission level. The screen header will include the producer code, Account name and office code. The predominant state will be prefilled with the mailing address state. Single state prompt will default to YES and Loss History prompt will not have a default. The functionality of the Legal Entity, Named Insured, Mailing Info, Effective/Expiration dates and Loss History will work similar to those in the MasterPac quote process. All of these, with the exception of the Loss History, will be prefilled from the submission level but can be changed. New prompts are added primarily to aid in driving screen flow. They are as follows: 1.) Rate Effective Date has been added to capture what rates and coverages should be used on the policy. 2) Predominant State is needed to drive Auto screen flow and forms. 3) A Multi-State vs. Single State question was added to allow very tailored screen flow processing if Single State. This will allow only coverages, and options available in that state to be shown. If Multi-State, greater flexibility of coverages and options must be given. And 4) For certain states only (e.g., Massachusett), inquiring on whether the policy is Ceded or Voluntary to determine the processing. 
   Regarding the cross-screen impacts of the Policy Information screen for Automobile quote, if changes are made to the Automobile policy information screen they will not update the submission level. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, modal windows, screen tabbing order, warning messaging, and error messaging of the Policy Information screen for the Automobile quote process. 
     FIGS. 32A-32C  show a Policy Coverage screen, as it is scrolled down, of the Automobile quote process. This screen comes after the Policy Information screen is completed. This screen is used for the collection of all coverage information about the Automobile policy being quoted.  FIGS. 33A-33C  show the Coverage Detail screen, as it is scrolled down, of the Automobile quote process. This screen comes after the Policy Coverage screen shown in  FIGS. 32A-32C . The purpose of the Coverage Detail screen is to collect specific insurance coverage information of the Automobile policy being quoted. Both the Policy Coverage screen and the Coverage Detail screen may be accessed from the Navigator via the Policy Coverage link and the Coverage Detail link. 
     FIGS. 34A-34C  show a Vehicle Schedule or Information screen for an Automobile insurance policy quote. This screen is used for the collection of all information about each and every vehicle that is to be covered under the Automobile insurance policy being quoted. After the vehicle information has been entered, the user can proceed to the Pricing screen by clicking a “Pricing” button on the screen (not shown) for a price quote on the policy. 
   The Vehicle Schedule screen displays as part of a new business Automobile quote screen flow and can be accessed from the Navigator as the Vehicle Schedule link. The Vehicle Coverage Detail screen in  FIGS. 35A and 35B , accessible by clicking on the “Vehicle Detail” button in the Vehicle Schedule screen, will collect specific coverage information. This information is needed to rate the policy. Depending on the policy coverage selected and the state, applicable questions for those coverages will be shown. Liability, Medical Payments or Uninsured Motorist limits will not be different from the policy declaration (the exception is for Hawaii and NC vehicles, in which case the applicable split limit for uninsured motorist coverage will be inquired from screen prompts). States that allow the Underinsured Motorist (UM) coverage limit to be different from the uninsured motorist limit, we will show an input box defaulted to a set UM limit. A drop down of the applicable limits will be shown with the following options: 1) For no-fault states, the additional no-fault option will be displayed; 2) The Comprehensive option will state specific questions such as glass buy-back, anti-theft options, etc.; 3) The Specified Causes of Loss option will display if this coverage was selected and if any state specific questions apply; The Collision option will state specific questions such as Waiver of collision, limited collision, etc.; 4) If Audio Visual Equipment option is selected, an input box will display for the cost new to be filled in. If the Manual Premium override was selected then a question will appear for all coverages that were selected to allow the user to input the premium to be charged for that coverage. When done answering coverage questions, the user can click on the “Return to Vehicle Schedule” button to add more vehicles or click on the “Pricing” button to go to the Pricing screen. 
   When the Vehicle Schedule screen is displayed, the Navigator will show the Vehicle Schedule link under the Automobile heading. The link appears when the page is displayed and also after the page has been completed so that the user can re-access the screen. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, and screen tabbing order of the Vehicle Schedule screen for the Automobile quote process. 
     FIGS. 36A and 36B  together show the Class Code Help screen for the Automobile quote process. The Class Code Help screen is used to capture information about the vehicle being added to the schedule so that the class code can be derived. This screen can be displayed from the Vehicle Schedule screen if the user clicks on the question mark (?) in the grid. When this page is displayed, the Navigator will show the link Vehicle Schedule under the Automobile heading. The link appears when the page is displayed and also after the page has been completed so that the user can re-access the screen. There is not a link on the Navigator for Class Code Help. 
   As shown in  FIGS. 36A and 36B , the vehicle group types are displayed at the top of the action area of the Class Code Help screen, initially all blank, so that the user can select one. After the vehicle group is selected, the questions for that group are brought up. The screen collects each piece of the necessary information to determine the correct classification for each of the five vehicle group types. Each group will bring up the corresponding questions to derive the proper classification. When all questions have been answered, the generated class code will appear on the screen. If the code is correct, the user can then save it and return to the Vehicle Schedule screen by clicking on the “Save &amp; Return” button. If it is not correct, the user can try again. 
   With regard to cross-screen impacts, the Class Code Help screen will impact the Vehicle Schedule screen. The classification that is derived from this screen will be fed back to the Vehicle Schedule screen. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, and screen tabbing order of the Class Code Help screen. 
     FIGS. 37A-37D  show the Pricing screen for an Automobile quote. This screen is accessed next, via the Vehicle Schedule or Information screen. As shown, there are a number of factors that affect the price for an Automobile insurance coverage. Thus, the Pricing screen includes a number of fields associated with those factors for user&#39;s entry of information.  FIG. 38  shows a list of such factors and the possible entries for each factor. Once the user has entered the pricing information in the Pricing Screen, the user can calculate the pricing track by clicking on the “Derive Pricing Track” button in the Pricing screen. The pricing track is then derived based on the possible combinations of entries into the fields of the Pricing screen, in accordance with the pricing track shown in  FIG. 38 . The derived pricing track is then displayed in a grid in the Pricing screen, as shown in  FIG. 37D , whereby the user can modify the resulting pricing track via a drop-down menu in the same grid. If the modification is different from the derived pricing track, a warning pop-up window as shown in  FIG. 39  will appear to verify that the user wishes to change the result of the pricing track. The user can then click on the “Driver List” button to proceed to the Driver List screen. Alternatively, the user can click on the “Rate” list to proceed to the Rate screen for a price quote of the desired Automobile insurance coverage based on the information entered in the Pricing screen and the derived/modified pricing track. 
     FIG. 40  shows the Driver List screen that results from clicking on the “Driver List” button in the Pricing screen, once the latter is completed. This Driver List and Motor Vehicle Report Request screen will allow the user to both enter Driver Information to be printed on the Driver List as well as request Motor Vehicle Reports (MVRs) for a specific driver or all of the drivers on the list. Information input is necessary to order MWRs. This screen will be used to print the drivers&#39; list with a new business when the automobile policy is issued. When this screen is displayed, the Navigator will show the Driver List link under the Automobile heading. The link appears when the screen is displayed and also after the screen has been completed so that the user can re-access the screen. The screen will initially display with one blank row on the grid. When the Driver List has been completed the user will be brought back to the Pricing Information screen. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, and screen tabbing order of the Driver List screen. 
     FIG. 41  shows the QRL screen for Automobile issue.  FIG. 42  shows the Additional Interests screen, which is the first screen in the screen flow for Automobile issuance. The Appendix provides the parameters and explanations of the requirements for the screen, along with explanations of the various links, including the Additional Interest link, in the Navigator for screens in the screen flow of the Automobile issue. 
     FIG. 43  shows the Reporting Information screen for Automobile issue. It displays as the second screen in the final issuance process for an Automobile insurance policy. This screen appears after the Additional Interest screen shown in  FIG. 41 . The purpose of the Reporting Information screen is to collect policy and vehicle information needed to issue. As shown in  FIG. 43 , the screen is initially displayed with some information having already been derived. For instance, a grid is displayed with all of the vehicles from the vehicle schedule. Vehicle Identification number is also captured, along with verification of legal ownership of the vehicle and for some states the registration information. Some other state specific questions, such as Federal employer identification number, county town code for optional coverage&#39;s, any certificates of Insurance or cession notice are also captured in this screen. Regarding the cross-screen impacts for this screen, because some of the information that is brought to this screen comes from the Automobile quote, if a vehicle is added, changed, or deleted, it may affect any information already entered on this screen. 
   When the Reporting Information screen is displayed, the Navigator will show the Reporting Info link under the Automobile-Issue and Additional Interest headings. The link appears when the screen is displayed and also after the screen has been completed so that the user can re-access the screen. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, modal windows, page buttons, screen tabbing order or sequence, and warning messages of the Reporting Information screen for Automobile issue. 
     FIG. 44  shows another one of the screens in the screen flow for Automobile issue, the Coverage Schedule screen. This screen appears after the Reporting Information screen and is part of the Issue Screen flow. It is available from the Navigator as Coverage Schedule link. This screen is used to capture scheduled item information in a table. Names needed due to optional coverages at the policy level will need to be typed into the table(s). The display of this portion of the screen is based on whether or not certain optional coverages were selected as part of the quote (see Appendix). The Scheduled Item section of the screen is dynamic based on the optional coverages selected during quote. The table size for these items will come from the database. This will be discussed in detail later. The table(s) in this section is(are) empty upon the initialization of the screen. The scheduled item table(s) allows the user to itemize information more specifically than what was needed for rating during the quote process. Cross editing is performed on this screen based on information collected during rating. 
   Regarding cross-screen impacts of the Coverage Schedule screen, as mentioned above, there is cross editing that is performed on this screen based on information keyed as part of the quote path. In general, rows should total an amount used during rating. The database is accessed during this process to compare information already stored on the program information file (PIF) against what the total is for a particular table. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, screen tabbing order, warning messages, error messaging of the Coverage Schedule screen for Automobile issue. 
     FIG. 45  shows the Forms screen for Automobile issue. The screen appears either after the coverage schedule screen or TRMR screen. If neither of these screens are on the policy then it will appear after the Reporting Information Screen and will be part of the Issue screen flow. It is available from the Navigator as a Forms link. This screen offers the ability to view all of the forms on a policy, both system-derived (including mandatory and optional) and user-added optional forms. The Forms screen will initially show a list of derived forms on the policy in a grid format. If optional forms are added then on re-visit to the screen these forms should be included as part of the grid. The lower portion of the screen allows for the collection of fill-in information in a window that is scrollable. Buttons may be used to add forms or delete optional forms that were not derived through forms derivation. Users have the ability to add optional forms or manuscript endorsements. They also have the ability to delete any user-added optional forms. The grid should allow sorting based on double clicking any column heading. 
   As shown in  FIG. 45 , the Forms screen initially displays with a grid populated with system-derived Form Names, Form Numbers, and three indicators that include an ‘Optional’ Indicator, ‘Fill-In Required’ Indicator, and ‘Fill-In Complete’ Indicator. The grid can display a set number of rows and may be scrollable so that all of the forms on the policy may be reviewed. The grid also contains a ‘nub’ on the left where the user can select the entire row by clicking on the ‘nub’. The ‘Fill-In Complete’ Indicator will initially be set to ‘N’ upon the first visit of the screen, with two exceptions to be discussed later in this document. The same is true of the ‘Optional’ Indicator. A bar separates the grid from “fill-in” data collection. 
   Regarding the cross-screen impacts of the Forms screen, accessing the Modify Quote link in the Account Summary screen ( FIG. 9 ) will re-set the Derive Forms indicator back to ‘Yes’. Changes to the Additional Interest screen could impact forms derivation. The Appendix provides the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, screen tabbing order, warning messages, error messaging of the Forms screen for Automobile issue. The Appendix further provides a description, parameters, and explanations of the Optional Forms list that appear when the user clicks on the “Add Form” button in  FIG. 45 . 
     FIG. 46  shows the Final Issue Information screen for an insurance application to issue an Automobile coverage. This screen displays as the last screen in the final issuance process and is available from the Navigator as a Final Issue Info link. It appears after the Billing screen and prior to presentation of the Account Summary screen. The purpose of the screen is to capture and display miscellaneous information needed for issue. The Final Issue Information screen offers many features including the ability to stop the policy from going through the automatic renewal process. It also displays some information that will be helpful to the user such as the ‘Audit Indicator’, which is used to identify whether or not the policy is subject to audit upon expiration and the name of the ‘Insuring Company’. There are variances in what prompts will display and what will be hidden from the presentation layer. Those variances are based largely on role code—whether or not the user is an Agent, Home Office or Field Office Employee. The screen is also used to collect output information such as the “Send Select Office Copy to” and “Send Service Center Copy to” as well as a Mail Directly to Agent choice. For Automobile, it collects information as to whether the Automobile identification cards should be printed with the policy. 
   As shown in  FIG. 46 , the Final Issue Information screen is initially displayed with certain information having already been derived. These are the items that are contained in the first display group, which really have no specific heading. For example, the ‘Audit Indicator’ and ‘Insuring Company’ (which are part of this group) are derived and displayed on the screen. For Automobile, the “Print Auto ID cards?” defaults from the producer profile. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, screen tabbing order, and error messaging of the Class Code Help screen. 
   As with other insurance applications mentioned earlier, the Umbrella quote includes the Policy Information Screen as the first screen within the quote path of Umbrella. It is available from the Navigator bar as the Policy Information link. It is displayed after Add New/Umbrella is selected off the Navigator from the Account Summary screen. It is also available if data exists on the screen and this policy information is being modified. As is known to one skilled in the art, an umbrella insurance coverage provides excess liability protection. A business needs this coverage for a number of reasons, including: providing excess coverage over the underlying liability insurance the business carries; providing coverage for all other liability exposures, except for a few specifically excluded exposures; and providing automatic replacement coverage for underlying policies that have been reduced or exhausted by loss. 
   When the Policy Information screen of the Umbrella quote is completed, the user will be brought to the second and main page for the Umbrella quote process, the Umbrella Detail screen ( FIGS. 47A-47B ), which will be described later. The purpose of the Policy Information screen is to collect data about the insured that is needed for the establishment of the Umbrella policy on the host insurance systems. The screen initially displays with the Named Insured and mailing address information defaulted from the account. Legal Entity, Policy Effective, and Policy Expiration are defaulted from the submission level. Rate Effective Date will be set based on the predominant state or jurisdiction. The functionality of the Policy Information screen remains the same as what has already been built for the other lines. There are no cross screen impacts, i.e., no cross screen error like that shown in  FIG. 13 . Changes made to any data item on this screen does not impact the account or submission levels. When the Policy Information screen or page of Umbrella quote is displayed, the Navigator will show the “Policy Information” link under the Umbrella heading. The link will appear when the Policy Information screen is displayed and also after the page has been completed so that the user can re-access the screen. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields and the modal windows, along with the page buttons and screen tabbing order of the Policy Information screen. 
     FIGS. 47A-47B  depict the Umbrella Detail screen, which is displayed after the Policy Information page. It is the second, last, and main data collection screen in the Umbrella quote screen flow. This screen is used for the collection of all data necessary to quote an Umbrella policy. It includes limit information, exclusionary information, as well as pertinent coverage, exposure, and premium information from underlying policies. As shown in  FIGS. 47A and 47B , the Umbrella Detail screen is split into three sections: Umbrella Detail, Underlying Detail, and Pricing. The third section contains the question “Do you want the system to rate this?” with “Yes” and “No” radio buttons. “Enter the Umbrella premium” is a supplemental question that may appear under this section as well. This is explained in the Appendix. 
   According to one embodiment of the present invention, the Umbrella Detail screen is initially displayed with most information defaulted, either through defined defaults in regards to the Umbrella Detail section or from underlying policy information in reference to the Underlying Detail section. The three sections may be collapsed based on user selections or from information pulled from underlying policies. With regard to cross-screen impacts, the Predominant State changes from the Policy Information screen may have an impact on allowable answer values. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, screen tabbing order, and error messaging of the Umbrella Detail screen for the Umbrella quote process. 
     FIG. 48  shows an example of an Underlying Schedule screen for an umbrella issue process, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. This is the first screen within the Issue Screens for the Umbrella policy. It is available as a Navigator selection titled Underlying Schedule. It is used to collect underlying policy information for which the Umbrella policy provides excess liability. Such underlying policy information is provided for both the host insurance system and its insurance applications, as well as for policies issued outside of Issue Express and/or outside of the host insurance company. The information collected on this screen will be printed as part of the Policy Declarations or on a separate form. This screen allows the user to review the host insurance policy information as well as add rows to collect policy information pertaining to other policies that either were issued outside of the host insurance systems, or were issued by another company, other than the host insurance company. 
   As shown in  FIG. 48 , the Underlying Schedule screen initially displays with policy information from both the host insurance system and its insurance applications displayed as part of the grid. Those policies which have been either purged or declined are filtered out of the list. The grid is initially sized to be as big as the number of policies returned, so that if three policies are returned, for example, then the grid would contain three rows upon its initial display. It is acceptable that if, through the addition of user added rows (or any other way), that the grid be scrollable vertically. The preference is to not have the grid scrollable horizontally. However, if information within the cells needs to be abbreviated and the abbreviation is unacceptable, it may be acceptable to have the grid scroll horizontally. 
   Regarding the cross-screen impacts of the Underlying Schedule screen of the Umbrella issue process, if Auto Liability is excluded, there is no entry within the grid pertaining to any auto policy. If Employers Liability is excluded, there is no entry within the grid pertaining to any WC policy. Additionally, if while within the Issue Screens, the user goes into either system and adds an additional policy to the same account, that policy will automatically be added to the schedule upon final issuance of the policy. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, modal windows, page buttons, screen tabbing order, and error messaging of the A-Rate Submission screen. 
     FIG. 49  shows a possible second screen for the issuance of an umbrella policy, an example of an “A” Rate Submission screen for a state—in this case, New York—as part of the screen flow for issuance of an umbrella policy. The screen displays when the ‘Predominant State’ is NY and is used to collect data necessary for the completion of certain forms for the state. In other words, the purpose of the screen is to collect the data necessary for the completion of a number of forms which are required by the state of NY to be maintained in the underwriting file in support of the rate selection of the host insurance company. The screen can be accessed from the Navigator via the “A-Rate Submission” link. The “Files Office” (which is collected on the host screen) is set based on the “Send Select Office Copy to” answer collected on the Final Issue screen. The default for this prompt (“Send Select Office Copy to”) can be changed by the user while on the Final Issue Screen. It is the user-selected answer that may be used to determine the ‘Files Office’. 
   As shown in  FIG. 49 , The A-Rate screen is the next screen following the Underlying Schedule when the Predominant State is NY. Otherwise, if the predominant state is other than NY, a Forms screen as shown in  FIG. 50 , as described later, would follow. As understood, if another state has the same requirements as New York, then an A-Rate screen would also appear. The various questions of the A-Rate screen are split into sections grouped under the following headings: Filing Information, Coverage Information, Rating Information, and Underlying Information (not shown). The screen initially displays with some of the data already having been derived through existing CUP (Company Umbrella Policy) logic. The portion of data that is derived is contingent on how far the user has progressed through the screens on the underlying policies. The Underlying Information section contains a grid similar to the Lost History grid that Master Pac uses to allow direct entry into the grid cell by the user. There are no drop downs or any special formatting that is needed within the grid. The grid may be scrollable and the user may be able to view all keyed data within a cell without having to scroll within the cell itself. The user can select a row from the grid using the “nub” and hit the delete key to clear data. Cross-screen impacts include: a change to Predominant State collected on Policy Information; additional policies being added to the account have an impact; and the “system rate” answer impacts the defaulted answer to “Describe and explain each significant element of judgment employed . . . ” The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, screen tabbing order, and error messaging of the A-Rate Submission screen. 
     FIG. 50  shows an example of a Forms screen for Umbrella issue, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. This screen appears after the Underlying Schedule screen of  FIG. 48  and is part of the screen flow for an insurance application to issue an Umbrella policy. The derived Forms screen will initially show a list of derived forms on the policy in a grid format. The lower portion of the screen allows for the collection of side-door information in a window that is scrollable. Buttons may be used to add forms (including manuscript endorsements) or delete optional forms. 
   As shown in  FIG. 50 , the screen initially displays with a grid populated with system-derived Form Names, Form Numbers, and three indicators that include an Optional Forms Indicator, Fill-In Required Indicator, and Fill-In Complete Indicator. The grid is static in its display of five rows; however, the grid may be scrollable so that all forms attached to the policy may be reviewed. The grid also contains a ‘nub’ on the left where the user can select an entire row from the grid by clicking on the ‘nub’. The facet can sort forms in the grid that have a Fill-In Required Indicator equal to ‘Y’ before those forms that have a Fill-In Required Indicator equal to ‘N’. Since Fill-In forms are sorted first, the first occurrence of a side-door image should appear in the scrollable window on the bottom of the screen. A bar separates the grid from side door data collection. The Forms screen offers the ability to view the forms list, both system derived (including mandatory and optional) and user added optional forms. The screen also offers the ability to add additional optional forms, including manuscript endorsements. Optional forms may be deleted by the user. The grid allows sorting by double clicking any column heading. 
   The cross-screen impacts of the Forms screen include: modifying the quote should re-set the Derive Forms indicator back to Yes; changes to the Underlying Schedule could impact forms derivation; more specifically, answering ‘Yes’ to either “acceptable carrier” question generates a retained limit endorsement. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, manuscript forms, page buttons, screen tabbing order, informational messaging, and error messaging of the Forms screen and its optional forms list. 
     FIG. 51  shows the Final Issue Information screen for Umbrella issue. This screen displays as the last screen in the final issuance process for an umbrella policy and is available from the Navigator as the Final Issue Info link. The Final Issue Information screen appears after the Billing screen and prior to presentation of the Account Summary screen. The purpose of the screen is to capture and display miscellaneous information needed for issue. This screen will allow the user to stop the policy from moving through the automatic renewal process, view the insuring company, and re-direct the print, if necessary. There are variances in what prompts will display and what will be hidden from the presentation layer. Those variances are based largely on role code—whether or not the user is an Agent, Home Office or Field Office Employee. The screen is also used to collect output information such as the “Send Select Office Copy to” and “Send Service Center Copy to” as well as a Mail Directly to Agent choice. The screen is initially displayed with the insuring company already derived and a series of radio button questions, all of which have a defaulted answer associated with them. The Appendix shows the parameters and explanations for the page prompts/fields, page buttons, screen tabbing order, and error messaging of the Forms screen for the Umbrella issue. 
     FIG. 52  shows the Quick Reference or Access Locator screen for an Umbrella issue. As explained earlier, this screen is used for easy access to the different screens available in the screen flow for an Umbrella issuance application. The Appendix provides the various parameters and explanations for the screen. 
   Although only a few exemplary embodiments of this invention have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the following claims. Furthermore, any means-plus-function clauses in the claims (invoked only if expressly recited) are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and all equivalents thereto, including, but not limited to, structural equivalents, equivalent structures, and other equivalents.