Abstract:
Metal and wood composites are used to create framing members (studs and tracks, joists and bands, rafters, headers and the like), for lightweight construction. Metal is utilized for its high strength, resistance to rot and insects, cost stability, and potentially lower cost through recycling. Metal that can be used includes roll formed steel approximately 18-22 gauge. Wood is used primarily for its lower thermal conductivity, and availability. The metal components form the primary structure while wood, either solid or other engineered wood, provides some structure and a thermal break. A central web board can have a length of approximately 8 feet or longer with metal forms running along each of the longitudinal side edges of the board. A first embodiment metal-wood stud member has adhesive pocket end configurations. A second embodiment is a metal-wood top and bottom track having an adhesive pocket configuration. A third embodiment is a metal-wood stud having P-shape end configurations. The wood is fastened to the metal by machine pressing of the metal to wood. Alternatively the fastening includes nails, staples, screws, and the like, and also by adhesive glue. The outward faces of the metal members can be pre-formed with four longitudinal v-shaped or rounded edge ridges such that the contact surface area to applied sheathings is reduced by about 90%.

Description:
This invention relates to composite framing members, more specifically to studs and tracks formed from wood and metal composites, and is a divisional application to U.S. Ser. No. 09/248,622 filed Dec. 11, 1999 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,250,042, which is a Continuation-In-Part of the following: Ser. No. 08/974,898 filed Nov. 20, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,921,054; Ser. No. 08/975,437 filed Nov. 21, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,881,529; Ser. No. 08/975,642 filed Nov. 21, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,875,603; Ser. No. 08/976,107 filed Nov. 21, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,875,604; Ser. No. 08/976,151 filed Nov. 21, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,875,605; and Ser. No. 08/664,662 filed Jun. 17, 1996 now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART 
     Residential and light commercial construction generally use wood lumber as the primary building material for studs, plates, joists, headers and trusses. However, wood lumber construction has problems. The rapidly rising cost of raw wood supplies has in effect substantially raised the cost of these members. Further, the quality of available framing lumber continues to decline. Finally, wood is flammable and susceptible to insects and rot. 
     Due to these problems, many builders have been switching to light gauge steel framing. The costs between using wood or steel framing is getting closer. In January 1990, the cost of framing lumber was about $225 per thousand board feet, peaking to highs of $500 in both January, 1993 and January 1994. Since June 1995, the framing lumber composite price has been rising from $300 per thousand board feet. Estimates from the AISI and NAHB Research Center state at a framing lumber cost of $340 to $385, there would be no difference between the cost of framing a house in steel as compared in wood. Thus, the break-even point between wood and steel framing is at about $360 per thousand board feet of framing lumber, and the lumber price has exceeded that point several times in recent years by as much as 40% giving steel a competitive advantage. 
     Recycling has additionally helped the cost of steel to remain on a stable or downward trend. Steel costs have varied little in recent years. Traditionally variations can be correlated to steel demand by the automobile industry, when demand is high, steel usually increases slightly in price. Consequently, the use of metal framing in residential and light commercial construction is increasing, a trend recognized and encouraged by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). 
     Steel studs, tracks and trusses are commonly manufactured in industry by companies such as Deitrich, Unimast, Alpine, Tri-Chord, HL Stud, Truswall Systems, Techbuilt, Knudson, John McDonald, and MiTek. 
     A problem with steel framing is its high thermal conductivity, leading to thermal bridging, “ghosting”, and greater potential for water vapor condensation on interior wall surfaces. “Ghosting” is when an unsightly streak of dust accumulates on the interior wallboard, where the steel studs lie behind, due to an acceleration of dust particles toward the colder surface. Another problem of using steel framing is the increased energy use for space conditioning (heating and cooling). Metal used for exterior framing members allows greater conduction heat transfer between the outside and inside surfaces of a wall, roof or floor. In colder climates, this increased conduction can cause condensation in interior surfaces, contributing to material degradation and mold and mildew growth. Metal framing also decreases the effectiveness of insulation installed in the cavity between the metal framing due to increased three-dimension thermal short circuiting effects. Higher sound transmission is another disadvantage of metal framing since sound conductivity is greater in metal than in wood. Electricians have more difficulty working with steel framing for running wiring since its more difficult to cut holes in steel than in wood, and grommets or conduits must be used to protect the wire. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,768,849 to Blazevic describes a “composite structural post”, title, having L-shaped metal members on sides of stud members, FIG.  3 . However, L-shaped legs are directly connected to the side edges of the wood stud base, and are not structurally wrapped about side edges of the wood stud bases. The orientation of the L shaped legs would not adequately increase the thermal resistance over single wood material stud members, nor have a greater axial load capability over single wood material stud members, nor substantially reduce interior condensation and ghosting. The embodiments covering using cap shaped metal members in FIGS. 6,  6 A,  7  and  7 A are limited to using only the metal cap shapes in a longitudinal position as corner posts, and also would not adequately increase the thermal resistance over single wood material stud members, nor substantially reduce interior condensation and ghosting. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,285,615 to Gilmour describes a thermal metallic building stud. However, the Gilmour member is entirely formed from metal. In Gilmour, the thermal conductivity is only partially reduced by having raised dimples on the ends contacting other building materials. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,466,225 to Hovind describes a “stud extenders”, title, that is limited to converting a “2×4. . . into a 2×6”, abstract. However, Hovind is limited to putting their metal side “extender” on one side of a “2×4”, and thus would not adequately increase the thermal resistance over single wood material stud members, nor have a greater axial load capacity over single wood material stud members, nor substantially reduce interior condensation and ghosting. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,960,637 to Ostrow describes impractical metal and wood composites. Ostrow requires each end flange have tapered channels, the end flanges being formed from extruded aluminum, molded plastic and fiberglass. Ends of the vertical wood web must be fit and pressed into a tapered channel. Besides the difficulty of aligning these parts together, other inherent problems exist. Extruding the channel flanges from aluminum or using molds, cuts and rolling to create the channelled plastic and fiberglass end flanges is expensive to manufacture. To stabilize the structures, Ostrow describes additional labor and manufacturing costs of gluing members together and sandwiching mounting blocks on the outsides of each channel. 
     Other metal and wood framing member patents of related but less significant interest include: U.S. Pat. No. 5,452,556 to Taylor: U.S. Pat. No. 5,440,848 to Deffet; U.S. Pat. No. 5,072,547 to DiFazio: U.S. Pat. No. 5,024,039 to Karhumaki: U.S. Pat. No. 4,875,316 to Johnston: U.S. Pat. No. 4,301,635 to Neufeld: U.S. Pat. No. 4,274,241 to Lindal: U.S. Pat. No. 4,031,686 to Sanford: U.S. Pat. No. 3,566,569 to Coke et al.: U.S. Pat. No. 3,531,901 to Meechan: U.S. Pat. No. 3,310,324 to Boden. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The first objective of the present invention is to provide metal and wood composite wall stud that increases the total thermal resistance of a typical steel framed insulated wall section by some 43 percent and would eliminate condensation and “ghosting” for all but the coldest regions of the United States. 
     The second object of this invention is to provide metal and wood composite framing combinations that achieve a resource efficient and economic construction framing member. Metal is used for its high strength, and potentially lower cost and resource efficiency through recycling. Wood is used primarily for its lower thermal conductivity and for its availability as a renewable resource, and for its workability. 
     The third object of this invention is to provide metal and wood composite framing members that allow electricians to be able to route wires through walls in the same way they are accustomed to doing with solid framing lumber. 
     The fourth object of this invention is to provide metal and wood composite framing members that would be easy to manufacture. 
     The fifth object of this invention is to provide metal and wood composite framing members that have low sound conductivity compared to prior art steel framing members. 
     The sixth object of this invention is to provide metal and wood composite framing members that have reduced effects from flammability compared to all wood members. 
     The invention includes J-shaped, P-shaped, L-shaped, triangular shaped cross-sectional metal forms connected by a wood midsection, whereby the wood is fastened to the metal by machine pressing of the metal to wood, similar to the common truss plate, or by nails, staples, screws, or other mechanical fastening means, or by adhesive glue. The outward faces of the metal members can be pre-formed with longitudinal ridges such that the contact surface area to applied sheathings is reduced by about 90%. 
     Metal and wood composites are used to create framing members (studs and tracks, joists and bands, headers, rafters, and the like) for light-weight construction. Metal is utilized for its high strength, resistance to rot and insects, cost stability and potentially lower cost through recycling. Wood is used primarily for its lower thermal conductivity, and availability. The metal components form the primary structure while wood, either solid or other engineered wood, provides some structure and a thermal break. 
     Metal and wood composite framing members can be used in place of conventional wood framing members such as: 2×4 and 2×6 wall studs, and 2×8, 2×10, 2×12 and other dimensions of roof rafters, floor joists and headers. The novel framing members can be used to replace conventional light-gauge steel framing to reduce thermal transmittance and sound transmission. 
    
    
     Further objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of a presently preferred embodiment which is illustrated schematically in the accompanying drawings. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
     FIG. 1A is a perspective isometric view of a first preferred embodiment metal and wood stud. 
     FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1A along arrow AA. 
     FIG. 2A is a perspective isometric view of a second preferred embodiment metal and wood stud. 
     FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 2A along arrow BB. 
     FIG. 3A is a perspective isometric view of a third preferred embodiment metal and wood stud. 
     FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 3A along arrow CC. 
     FIG. 4A is a perspective isometric view of a fourth preferred embodiment metal and wood joist, rafter and header. 
     FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 4A along arrow DD. 
     FIG. 5A is a top perspective view of a fifth embodiment track for metal and wood stud systems. 
     FIG. 5B is a bottom perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 5A along arrow El. 
     FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 5B along arrow EE. 
     FIG. 6A is a perspective view of a sixth preferred embodiment metal and wood band. 
     FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 6A along arrow FF. 
     FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view a framing system utilizing the embodiments of FIGS. 1A-6B. 
     FIG. 8A is a perspective view of a seventh preferred embodiment metal-wood stud. 
     FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view on the embodiment of FIG. 8A along arrow GG. 
     FIG. 8C is another cross-sectional view of FIG. 8A along arrow GG with circular ridges. 
     FIG. 9A is a top view of a eighth preferred embodiment metal-wood top and bottom track. 
     FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 9A along arrow HH. 
     FIG. 9C is a bottom view of the top metal-wood top and bottom track of FIG.  9 A. 
     FIG. 10A is a perspective view of a ninth preferred embodiment metal-wood stud. 
     FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 10A along arrow II. 
     FIG. 10C is another cross-sectional view of FIG. 10A along arrow II with circular ridges. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Before explaining the disclosed embodiment of the present invention in detail it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of the particular arrangement shown since the invention is capable of other embodiments. Also, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. 
     The preferred method of calculating thermal transmittance for building assemblies with integral steel is the zone method published by the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). A recent study by the National Association of Home Builders Research Center and Oak Ridge National Laboratory verified the usefulness of the zone method for calculating thermal transmittance for light gauge steel walls. 
     Thermal transmittance calculations were completed using the zone method for the metal and wood stud invention embodiments. Table 1 shows a comparison of thermal transmittance (given as total R-value) for nine wall configurations. The first wall listed is a conventional 2×4 wood frame wall with {fraction (1/2+L )}″ plywood sheathing and R-11 fiberglass cavity insulation. The total wall R-value is 13.2 hr-F-ft 2 Btu, the second and third walls listed are conventional metal stud walls, one with {fraction (1/2+L )}″ plywood sheathing (R-7.9 ) and the other with {fraction (1/2+L )}″ extruded polystyrene sheathing (R-11.4). With conventional metal studs, high resistivity insulated sheathing is necessary to limit the large loss of total thermal resistance when low resistivity sheathings are used. In some cases, it is not desirable to use the non-structural insulated sheathing, such as when brick ties are needed, or when higher racking resistance is needed. 
     In comparison, the metal and wood stud walls corresponding to those described in the subject invention has a 43 per cent greater total R-value than the conventional metal stud wall when using plywood sheathing. Thermal performance of the metal and wood stud wall with plywood sheathing is nearly the same as the conventional wall with {fraction (1/2+L )}″ extruded polystyrene (XPS insulated sheathing). Where non-structural sheathing is acceptable, fiber board sheathing, which is much less expensive than plywood, further increases the total R-value of the metal and wood stud wall. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 COMPARISON OF THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE FOR CONVENTIONAL 
               
               
                 METAL STUD WALL AND NOVEL METAL AND WOOD STUD WALL 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Stud Size 
                 Stud Spacing 
                 Cavity 
                 Exterior 
                 Total 
               
               
                 Description 
                 Inch 
                 Inch O.C. 
                 Insulation 
                 Sheathing 
                 R-Value 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1. Conventional metal stud.* 
                 1.625 × 3.625 
                 24 
                 R-11 
                 ½″ plywood 
                  7.9 
               
               
                 2. Conventional metal stud.* 
                 1.625 × 3.625 
                 24 
                 R-11 
                 ½″ XPS 
                 11.4 
               
               
                 3. Novel metal and wood stud. 
                 1.5 × 3.5 
                 24 
                 R-11 
                 ½″ plywood 
                 11.3 
               
               
                 4. Novel metal and wood stud 
                 1.5 × 3.5 
                 24 
                 R-13 
                 ½″ plywood 
                 12.8 
               
               
                 5. Novel metal and wood stud 
                 1.5 × 3.5 
                 24 
                 R-15 
                 ½″ plywood 
                 14.2 
               
               
                 6. Novel metal and wood stud 
                 1.5 × 3.5 
                 24 
                 R-11 
                 ½″ fiber board 
                 12.1 
               
               
                 7. Novel metal and wood stud 
                 1.5 × 3.5 
                 24 
                 R-13 
                 ½″ fiber board 
                 13.6 
               
               
                 8. Novel metal and wood stud 
                 1.5 × 3.5 
                 24 
                 R-15 
                 ½″ fiber board 
                 15.0 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Conventional metal stud values from “Thermodesign Guide for Exterior Walls, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, D.C., Pub. No. RG-9405, Jan. 1995.  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Summary calculation results compared the allowable axial load for stud elements subjected to combined loading with axial and bending components. The three elements analyzed were a conventional 2×4 wood, a conventional 20 gauge steel stud, and the present invention metal and wood composite stud. All elements were 8′ tall, and spaced 16″ O.C. Wind (transverse) load at 110 mph. Table 2 shows that the metal and wood composite section can support 54% more weight than the metal stud, and 250% more weight than the wood stud. This gives the opportunity for further cost optimization by increasing the spacing which would reduce the number of studs required, or for reducing the amount of steel used in the composite section. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 STRUCTURAL CALCULATION RESULTS 
               
               
                 FOR NOVEL METAL AND WOOD 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 3.5″ 
                 3.5″ 
               
               
                   
                 2 × 4 
                 20 Gauge 
                 Metal and wood 
               
               
                 STUD 
                 Wood Stud 
                 Metal Stud 
                 Composite Section 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Allowable Axial Load 
                 551 lb 
                 894 lb 
                 1378 lb 
               
               
                 8′ tall stud 
               
               
                 16″ O.C. 
               
               
                 110 mph wind 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     FIG. 1A is a perspective isometric view of a first preferred embodiment metal and wood stud  100 . FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment  100  of FIG. 1A along arrows AA. Referring to FIGS. 1A-1B, embodiment  100  includes metal forms  110 ,  120  such as but not limited to 20 gauge steel has been cold-formed in a roll press into a cross-sectional channel Jshape. Each form  110 ,  120  includes steel web portions  112 ,  122  that have staggered rows of cutout portions  115 ,  125  which are of a pressed tooth type triangular shape. Web portions  112 ,  122  are perpendicular to flanges  116 ,  126  which include approximately 4 rows of raised V-shaped grooves  117 ,  127  running longitudinally along the exterior of the flanges  116 ,  126 . Flange returns  118 ,  128  are perpendicular to flanges  116 ,  126 . Teeth  115 ,  125  can be hydraulically pressed adjacent the top and bottom rear side  152  of central web board  150 . Central web board  150  can be solid wood, OSB, (oriented strand board) plywood and the like, having a thickness of approximately {fraction (1/2+L )} an inch. Alternatively, web portions  112 ,  122  offorms  110 ,  120  can be fastened to the central web board  150  by nails, screws, staples and the like, or adhesively glued. A finished metal and wood s-d  100  can have a length, L I, of approximately 8 feet or longer, height HI of approximately 3.5 to 5.5 inches, width W 1  of approximately 1.5 inches. Web portions  112 ,  122  can have a height, h 1  of approximately 1.125 inches, front plate height, h 2  of approximately 0.75 inches, raised grooves R 1 , of approximately 0.125 inches. A spacing, x 1  of approximately 0.125 inches separates each flange  116 ,  126  from the top and bottom of central web board  150 . 
     FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a second preferred embodiment metal and wood stud  200 . FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment  200  of FIG. 2A along arrow BB. Referring to FIGS. 2A-2B, embodiment  200  includes metal forms  210 ,  220  such as but not limited to 20 gauge steel that has been roll pressed into a cross-sectional channel right-triangular-shape. Each form  210 ,  220  includes outer web portions  212 ,  222  that have staggered rows of cut-out portions  213 ,  223  which are of a pressed tooth type triangular shape. Outer web portions  212 ,  222  are perpendicular to flanges  214 ,  224  which include approximately 4 rows of raised V-shaped grooves  215 ,  225  running longitudinally along their exterior surface. Flange returns  216 ,  226  are approximately 45 degrees to flanges  214 ,  224 , and are connected to inner web portions  218 ,  228  each having staggered rows of cut-out portions  219 ,  229  which also are of the pressed tooth type triangular shape. Teeth  213 ,  219  and  223 ,  229  can be firmly pressed adjacent the top and bottom of central web board  250 . Central web board  250  can be solid wood, OSB, plywood and the like, having a thickness of approximately {fraction (1/2+L )} an inch. Alternatively, web portions  212 ,  218 ,  222 ,  228  can be fastened to the central web board  250  by nails, screws, staples and the like. Outer web portions  212 ,  222  can have a height, B 1  of approximately 1.1625 inches, flanges  214 ,  224  can have a width B 2  of approximately 1.5 inches, flange returns  216 ,  226  can have a height B 3  of approximately 0.925 inches and inner web portions  218 ,  228  can have a height B 4  of approximately 1 inch. A finished metal and wood stud  200  can have the remaining dimensions and spacings similar to the embodiment  100  previously described, except height, B 5  can be approximately 5.5 to approximately 7.25 inches. 
     FIG. 3A is a perspective isometric view of a third preferred embodiment metal and wood stud  300 . FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment  300  of FIG. 3A along arrow CC. Referring to FIGS. 3A-3B, embodiment  300  includes metal forms  310 ,  320  such as but not limited to 20 gauge steel has been roll pressed into a cross-sectional channel triangular-shape with parallel plates on the apex of the triangle. Each form  310 ,  320  includes metal web portions  312 ,  322 ,  318 ,  328  that have staggered rows of cut-out portions  313 ,  323 ,  319 ,  329  which are of a pressed tooth type triangular shape. Web portions  312 ,  322 ,  318 ,  328  attach to 45 degree flange returns  314 ,  324  which are attached to respective flanges  315 ,  325  which include approximately 4 rows of raised V-shaped grooves  316 ,  326  running longitudinally along their exterior surface. Teeth  313 ,  319  and  323 ,  329  can be pressed adjacent the top and bottom of central web board  350 . Central web board  350  can be solid wood, OSB, plywood and the like, having a thickness of approximately {fraction (1/2+L )} an inch. Alternatively, metal web portions  312 ,  318 ,  322 ,  328  can be fastened to the central web board  350  by nails, screws, staples and the like. Metal web portions  312 ,  318 ,  322 ,  328  can have a height, C 1  of approximately 0.875 inches, flanges  315 ,  325  can have a width, C 2  of approximately 1.5 inches, flange returns  314 ,  317 ,  324 ,  327  can have a height, C 3  of approximately 0.4625 inches. A finished metal and wood stud  300  can have remaining dimensions and spacing similar to the embodiment  200  previously described. 
     FIG. 4A is a perspective isometric view of a fourth preferred embodiment  400  useful as a metal and wood joist, rafter and header. FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment  400  of FIG. 4A along arrow DD. Referring to FIGS. 4A-4B, embodiment  400  includes metal forms  410 ,  420  such as but not limited to 20 gauge steel has been roll pressed into a cross-sectional channel triangular-shape with parallel plates on the apex of the triangle. Each form  410 ,  420  includes metal web portions  412 ,  422 ,  418 ,  428  that have staggered rows of cut-out portions  413 ,  423 ,  419 ,  429  which are of a pressed tooth type triangular shape. Metal web portions  412 ,  422 ,  418 ,  428  attach to 45 degree flange returns  414 ,  424 ,  417 ,  427  which are attached to respective flanges  415 ,  425  which include approximately 4 rows of raised V-shaped grooves  416 ,  426  running longitudinally along their exterior surface. Teeth  413 ,  419  and  423 ,  429  can be pressed adjacent the top and bottom portions of central web boards  452 ,  454 . A central metal plate  460  has left facing tooth rows  463  and right facing tooth rows  465  for connecting to adjacent respective web boards  452 ,  454 . Plate  460  has a spacing above and below to separate such from flanges  415 ,  425 . Central web boards  452 ,  454  can be solid wood, OSB, plywood and the like, having a thickness of approximately 0.375 inches. Alternatively, metal web portions  412 ,  418 ,  422 ,  428  can be fastened to the central web boards  452 ,  454  by nails, screws, staples and the like. Metal web portions  412 ,  418 ,  422 ,  428  can have a height, D 1  of approximately 1.0188 inches, flanges  415 ,  425  can have a width, D 2  of approximately 1.5 inches, flange returns  414 ,  417 ,  424 ,  427  can have a height, D 3  of approximately 0.3188 inches. A finished embodiment  400  can have practically any length, L 2  to serve as a floor joist, rafter or header, width D 2  can be approximately 1.5 inches and height D 4 , can be approximately 5.5 inches or more. 
     FIG. 5A is a top perspective view of a fifth embodiment track  500  for metal and wood stud and track systems. FIG. 5B is a bottom perspective view of the embodiment  500  of FIG. 5A along arrow E 1 . FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment  500  of FIG. 5B along arrow EE. Referring to FIGS. 5A-5C, embodiment  500  includes metal forms  510 ,  520  each having a generally L-shaped cross-section. Forms  510 ,  520  each include flanges  512 ,  522  approximately 1.125 inches in height perpendicular to metal web portions  514 ,  524 , which are approximately 1.1625 inches in length. Metal web portions  514 ,  524  have tooth shaped triangular cut-outs  515 ,  525 , which are pressed into sides of center-web-board  550 . A spacing E 2  of approximately 0.125 inches separates the ends of center-web-board  550  from flanges  512 ,  522 , respectively. A finished embodiment  500  can have remaining dimensions and spacings similar to the embodiments  100 ,  200 , and  300  above. 
     FIG. 6A is a perspective view of a sixth preferred embodiment metal and wood joists and bands  600 . FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment  600  of FIG. 6A along arrow FF. Referring to FIGS. 6A-6B, embodiment  600  includes top metal form  610  having a T-cross-sectional shape and lower metal form  620  having a straight line cross-sectional shape. Form  610  includes metal web portion  612 , having a length, F 1  of approximately 1.0375 inches having tooth shaped triangular cut-outs  613  which are pressed into upper end sides of wood center web board  650 . Form  610  further includes an upright leg  614  having a length F 2  of approximately 1.3 inches, perpendicular to a third leg  616 , having a length F 3  of approximately 1.25 inches, which abuts against and overlaps top end  652  of centerboard  650 . Lower metal form  620  has a metal web portion  622  having tooth shaped triangular cut-outs  623  which are pressed into upper end sides of wood center board  650 , and a continuous extended plate  624 . The continuous width F 4 , of metal plate  622 ,  624  is approximately 1.75 inches, with plate  624  extending a length F 5  of approximately 0.75 inches from the lower end  654  of center-web-board  650  having thickness of approximately 0.5 inches. A finished embodiment  600  can have a width F 6  and length L 3  similar to embodiment  400 . 
     FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view a framing system  700  utilizing the embodiments of FIGS. 1A-6B. Embodiment  700  can be a two story building having a metal and wood bottom track  500  attached at floor  702  by conventional fasteners such as nails, screws, bolts and the like. Vertically oriented metal and wood studs  100 / 200 / 300  can be attached to floor and ceiling tracks  500  by steel framing screws  715  and the like. A metal and wood band  600  attaches first floor ceiling track  500  to metal and wood floor joist  400  and subfloor  710 , which has conventional steel framing flathead type screws  716  and the like. The second floor has a similar arrangement with rafters  400  attached at conventional angles to upper metal and wood top track  500 . 
     A cost of a metal and wood composite stud such as those described in the previous embodiment  100  is estimated to be $4.24. The lowest cost of conventional 20 gauge steel studs is $2.52 each, however, to obtain the same thermal performance, an insulated sheathing is required which raises the cost to $4.55 per stud. The metal and wood framing member&#39;s invention is directly cost effective compared to the conventional metal stud. In addition, structural calculations show that the metal and wood stud configuration can support 54% more weight at the same 8′ wall height, 16″ O.C. spacing, and 110 mph wind load. This give opportunity for further cost optimization by increasing the spacing which would reduce the number of studs required. For example, a 2000 square foot house framed 16″ O.C. will have about 168 conventional steel exterior wall studs, the same house framed 24″ O.C. with the stronger metal and wood composite exterior wall studs will use only 107 studs. With 61 fewer exterior wall studs required, the builder can save about $270. 
     Metal-Wood Stud Adhesive Pocket Configuration 
     FIG. 8A is a perspective view of a seventh preferred embodiment metal-wood stud  1000 . FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment  1000  of FIG. 8A along arrow GG. Referring to FIGS. 8A-8C, embodiment  1000  includes metal forms  1010 ,  1020  such as but not limited to 20 gauge galvanized steel that has been cold-formed into a cross-sectional channel J-shape with integral U-shape. Each form  1010 ,  1020  includes metal web portions  1012 ,  1022 . Metal web portions  1012 ,  1022  are perpendicular to flanges  1016 ,  1026  which may include approximately four rows of V-shaped ridges  1017 ,  1027 , or approximately four rows of semi-circular ridges  1038 ,  1039  running longitudinally along the exterior of the flanges  1016 ,  1026 . Lip portions  1018 ,  1028  are perpendicular to flanges  1016 ,  1026 . Integral U-shaped adhesive pockets are made up of portions  1030 ,  1031 ,  1032 ,  1033 ,  1034 ,  1035 . Central web board  1050  can be OSB (oriented strand board),plywood, solid wood, plastic, fiber reinforced plastic, fiber reinforced cementitious material and the like, having thickness of approximately {fraction (3/8+L )} to approximately {fraction (1/2+L )} inch. Adhesive pocket portions  1030 ,  1031 ,  1032 ,  1033 ,  1034 ,  1035  can be adhesively fastened to the central web board  1050  and metal tabs  1036 ,  1037 , pressed from metal web portions  1012 ,  1022  and adhesive pocket portions  1030 ,  1032 ,  1033 ,  1035  protrude into central web board  1050  in such a way as to keep the central web board from withdrawing from the adhesive pockets. Alternatively, adhesive pocket portions  1030 ,  1031 ,  1032 ,  1033 ,  1034 ,  1035  can be mechanically fastened to the central web board  1050  by screws, nails, rivets, pins and the like. A finished metal-wood stud  1000  can have a length, L 10 , of approximately 8 feet or longer, height H 10  of approximately 3.5 to approximately 5.5 inches, and width W 10  of approximately 1.5 inches. Metal web portions  1012 ,  1022  can have a height, h 11 , of approximately 1.125 inches, lip height h 13 , of approximately 0.75 inches, raised grooves height, h 12 , 0.0625 inches, raised grooves width, w 12 , of approximately 0.125 inches. A spacing, h 14 , of approximately 0.375 inches separates each flange  1016 ,  1026  from the adhesive pocket portions  1031 ,  1034 , Adhesive pocket portions  1031 ,  1034  can have a width, w 11 , of approximately 0.375 to approximately 0.5 inches to match the thickness of central web board  1050 . 
     Metal-Wood Top and Bottom Track Adhesive Pocket Configuration 
     FIG. 9A is a top perspective view of an eighth preferred embodiment metal-wood top and bottom track  2000 . FIG. 9C is a bottom perspective view of metal-wood top and bottom track  2000 . FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment  2000  of FIG. 9A along arrow HH. Referring to FIGS. 9A-9B, embodiment  2000  includes metal forms  2010 ,  2020  such as but not limited to 20 gauge galvanized steel that has been cold-formed into a cross-sectional channel L-shape with integral U-shape. Each form  2010 ,  2020  includes metal web portions  2012 ,  2022 . Metal web portions  2012 ,  1022  are perpendicular to flanges  2016 ,  2026 . Integral U-shaped adhesive pockets are made up of portions  2030 ,  2031 ,  2032 ,  2033 ,  2034 ,  2035 . Central web board  2050  can be OSB (oriented strand board), plywood, solid wood, plastic, fiber reinforced plastic, fiber reinforced cementitious material and the like, having thickness of approximately {fraction (3/8+L )} to approximately {fraction (1/2+L )} inch. Adhesive pocket portions  2030 ,  2031 ,  2032 ,  2033 ,  2034 ,  2035  can be adhesively fastened to the central web board  2050  metal tabs  2036 ,  2037 , pressed from metal web portions  2012 ,  2022  and adhesive pocket portions  2030 ,  2032 ,  2033 ,  2035 , protrude into central web board  2050  in such a way as to keep the central web board from withdrawing from the adhesive pockets. Alternatively, adhesive pocket portions  2030 ,  2031 ,  2032 ,  2033 ,  2034 ,  2035  can be mechanically fastened to the central web board  2050  by screws, nails, rivets, pins and the like. A finished metal-wood track  2000  can have a length, L 20 , of approximately 8 feet or longer, height H 20  of approximately 1.25 inches, and width W 20  of approximately 3.5 to approximately 5.5 inches. Metal web portions  2012 ,  2022  can have a width, w 21 , of approximately 1.125 inches. Adhesive pocket portions  2031 ,  2034  can have a height h 21 , of approximately 0.375 to approximately 0.5 inches to match the thickness of central web board  2050 . 
     Metal-Wood Stud P-shape Configuration 
     FIG. 10A is a perspective view of a ninth preferred embodiment metal-wood stud  3000 . FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment  3000  of FIG. 10A along arrow II. Referring to FIGS. 10A-10B, embodiment  3000  includes metal forms  3010 ,  3020  such as but not limited to 20 gauge galvanized steel that has been cold-formed into a cross-sectional channel P-shape. Each form  3010 ,  3020  includes metal web portions  3012 ,  3022 . Metal web portions  3012 ,  3022  are perpendicular to flanges  3016 ,  3026  which can include approximately four rows of V-shaped ridges  3017 ,  3027 , or approximately four rows of semi-circular ridges  3038 ,  3039 (as shown in FIG. 10C) running longitudinally along the exterior of the flanges  3016 ,  3026 . Lip portions  3018 ,  3028  are perpendicular to flanges  3016 ,  3026 . Lip returns  3030 ,  3031  are perpendicular to lips  3018 ,  3028  and parallel to flanges  3016 ,  3026  and abut against central web board  3050  inhibiting the central web board  3050  from loosening from the metal web portions  3012 ,  3022 . Central web board  3050  can be OSB(oriented strand board), plywood, solid wood, plastic, fiber reinforced plastic, fiber reinforced cementious material and the like, having a thickness of approximately {fraction (3/8+L )} to approximately {fraction (1/2+L )} inch. A finished metal-wood stud  3000  can have a length, L 30  of approximately 8 feet or longer, height H 30  of approximately 3.5 to approximately 5.5 inches, and width W 30  of approximately 1.5 inches. Metal web portions  3012 ,  3022  can have a height, h 31  of approximately 1.125 inches, lip height h 2 , of approximately 0.5 inches, raised grooves height h 33  of approximately 0.0625 inches, raised grooves width, w 31 , of approximately 0.125 inches. A spacing, h 34  of approximately 0.125 inches separates each flange  3016 ,  3026  from the central web board  3050 . 
     While the invention has been described, disclosed, illustrated and shown in various terms of certain embodiments or modifications which it has presumed in practice, the scope of the invention is not intended to be, nor should it be deemed to be, limited thereby and such other modifications or embodiments as may be suggested by the teachings herein are particularly reserved especially as they fall within the breadth and scope of the claims here appended.