Abstract:
A valve controller may have inputs that can be programmably set to one of several functions. A first function is for use as a event monitor, whereby a signal at the inputs may cause the valve controller to report an alert or send an alarm. A second function is to activate a self-calibration routine in the valve controller responsive to the signal where the valve controller tests and records the limits of valve travel. An optional pressure range calibration and performance tuner may also be activated in conjunction with the valve travel calibration. While the self-calibration routine is running, applying the signal a second time may cancel the self-calibration routine and restore system variables and modes to their state prior to initiating the self-calibration.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    A valve controller is used to convert a control signal into a specific valve position. The valve controller may determine the value of the control signal within the range of possible values and use an algorithm to set the valve accordingly. The algorithm may be a straight proportion or may have a non-linear characteristic based on the particular valve controller and programming. The valve controller may set the valve anywhere between fully open and fully closed. 
         [0002]    During installation and at other times in the life of the valve and valve controller, the valve controller may be calibrated with respect to the travel of the valve itself. Calibration of the valve controller requires use of either a built-in user interface or a calibration tool. However, a built-in user interface adds cost to the valve controller for an infrequently-used process. In some installations, connection of the calibration tool to the valve controller may be physically difficult, or in other cases a technician may want to calibrate the valve controller and discover the calibration tool is not at hand. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0003]    A valve controller may test one or more signal contacts for an indication that an automatic self-calibration routine should be initiated. In one embodiment, auxiliary terminals, for example, terminals alternately used for event inputs, may be used to activate the self-calibration routine. The valve controller may then calibrate itself using internal routines and the valve and/or actuator stops as the 0% and 100% calibration points. Self calibration may also include pressure ranging and travel performance tuning. 
         [0004]    The valve controller may have a processor or other controller that can store a setting related to the use of the auxiliary terminals using a register or non-volatile memory. The setting may be checked when the valve controller is activated, or may be polled during operation to see if a change to the setting has been made. When programmed for event inputs, a signal or impedance change applied to the terminals may trigger an interrupt or set a flag, that when polled, causes the processor to send an alert to an external process manager or similar device. 
         [0005]    When programmed for self-calibration a signal or impedance change applied to the terminals may cause the processor to enter the self-calibration routine. The setting for mode may be verified or changed locally using a field programming tool or may be verified or set via a remote device such as the external process manager through a network connection, for example, a HART, Profibus or other protocol network. 
         [0006]    The valve controller may use a timer to determine a time range for activating the self-calibration mode. For example, when a short circuit is applied to the terminals, the valve controller may take steps to ensure that the short circuit is not accidental, such as might occur when installing or removing a cover. The short circuit, or other signal, may cause a timer to start. The short circuit must be removed within a predetermined time period in order to meet the criteria for entering the self-calibration mode. For example, only a short circuit applied for a period of 3-5 seconds may cause activation of the self-test mode. Obviously, other time periods may be programmed. 
         [0007]    Instead of a short circuit, a signal may be applied to cause the self-calibration mode. The signal may be a tone of a given frequency, a predetermined voltage, etc. 
         [0008]    The predetermined time period for which the short circuit or other signal must be applied may also be programmable. In some cases, the predetermined time period may be reduced when, for example, frequent calibration may be anticipated. In other cases, the predetermined time period may be lengthened, for example, if some likelihood for intermittent shorting of the auxiliary terminals may be present. 
         [0009]    No separate user interface on the valve controller is required, nor is connection of an external field calibration tool. Self calibration can be canceled by a second indication, such as a brief shorting of the electrical contacts. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0010]      FIG. 1  is a simplified and representative block diagram of a valve controller; 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  is a view of representative electrical connections in a valve controller; 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  is an illustration of a method of initiating a self-calibration routine in a valve controller; 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0013]    Although the following text sets forth a detailed description of numerous different embodiments, it should be understood that the legal scope of the description is defined by the words of the claims set forth at the end of this disclosure. The detailed description is to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe every possible embodiment since describing every possible embodiment would be impractical, if not impossible. Numerous alternative embodiments could be implemented, using either current technology or technology developed after the filing date of this patent, which would still fall within the scope of the claims. 
         [0014]    It should also be understood that, unless a term is expressly defined in this patent using the sentence “As used herein, the term ‘______’ is hereby defined to mean . . . ” or a similar sentence, there is no intent to limit the meaning of that term, either expressly or by implication, beyond its plain or ordinary meaning, and such term should not be interpreted to be limited in scope based on any statement made in any section of this patent (other than the language of the claims). To the extent that any term recited in the claims at the end of this patent is referred to in this patent in a manner consistent with a single meaning, that is done for sake of clarity only so as to not confuse the reader, and it is not intended that such claim term by limited, by implication or otherwise, to that single meaning. Finally, unless a claim element is defined by reciting the word “means” and a function without the recital of any structure, it is not intended that the scope of any claim element be interpreted based on the application of 35 U.S.C. §112, sixth paragraph. 
         [0015]    Much of the inventive functionality and many of the inventive principles are best implemented with or in software programs or instructions and integrated circuits (ICs) such as application specific ICs. It is expected that one of ordinary skill, notwithstanding possibly significant effort and many design choices motivated by, for example, available time, current technology, and economic considerations, when guided by the concepts and principles disclosed herein will be readily capable of generating such software instructions and programs and ICs with minimal experimentation. Therefore, in the interest of brevity and minimization of any risk of obscuring the principles and concepts in accordance to the present invention, further discussion of such software and ICs, if any, will be limited to the essentials with respect to the principles and concepts of the preferred embodiments. 
         [0016]    Valve controllers are often integrally constructed with the valves they control and may arrive at a field installation already calibrated for analog input current, pressure sensors, and travel calibration. However, in the course of setup or operation, one or more areas may require re-calibration. 
         [0017]    Recalibration may require use of portable test equipment. In one embodiment, the test equipment may be a 475 Field Communicator, available from Emerson Process Management. However, the use of such portable test equipment may not always be convenient. 
         [0018]    Many valve controllers provide auxiliary terminals that may be coupled to an external sensor. The valve controller may post an alert when the external sensor is activated. A valve controller below may allow the auxiliary terminals to be selectively programmed so that providing a signal to the auxiliary terminals, such as a short circuit between two terminals of the auxiliary input for a specified period, will cause the valve controller to begin a self-calibration routine. 
         [0019]      FIG. 1 , a simplified and representative block diagram of a valve controller  100 . The valve controller  100  may include a processor  102 . The processor  102  may be an ASIC circuit, a microcomputer, or another hardware/firmware device capable of performing sequential steps or routines to accomplish the valve controller functions. A timer  104  may be integral to the processor  102  or maybe a standalone clock/timer circuit. The processor  102  may be able to start and stop the timer  104  or, the timer may be free running and the controller may time intervals by noting specific timer values and calculating a time interval. 
         [0020]    The valve controller  100  may also include a control input  106  with control input lines  108  and  110 , for example. A variety of control input signals may be supported, once such exemplary signaling scheme is a 4-20 mA current loop (4-20 mA) control signal, well known in the industry. The valve controller  100  may use the 4-20 mA control signal to proportionally control the actual valve setting. In addition to the 4-20 mA control signal, a Highway Addressable Remote Transducer (HART™) protocol signal may be superimposed on the control input signals to allow it diagnostic, maintenance, and additional process data to be communicated to the valve controller  100  via a HART signaling interface  112 . 
         [0021]    The signal input circuit  114  may include signal input terminals  116  and  118 . In some embodiments, the signal input terminals  116  and  118  may be directly coupled to the processor  102 , but in other cases the signal input circuit  114  may provide biasing, input transient protection, or both. 
         [0022]    A pneumatic control  128  be used to regulate the flow of pressurized fluid, such as a gas, from a pneumatic input  122  to a pneumatic output  124 . Some embodiments may use a second pneumatic output  126  depending on the type of valve being controlled. For example, some valves use a single pressure input to move a valve actuator that has a spring or other return mechanism. Other valves may use two pressure inputs to move the valve actuator in opposite directions. 
         [0023]    A sensor input  128  may be coupled to one or more sensor inputs  130  and  132 . The sensor input  128  may provide feedback to the processor as to the actual position of an actuator or the valve itself. 
         [0024]    Also illustrated in  FIG. 1  but not part of the valve controller  100  is an exemplary valve  134  showing actuator  136  and connections to the pneumatic control  120  and sensor input  128 . As is known, movement of the actuator  136  causes corresponding movement of the valve disk or other flow control mechanism (not depicted). 
         [0025]    In operation, a 4-20 mA control signal may be received on control input lines  108  and  110 . The control signal may be interpreted at the control input  106  and reported to the processor  102 . Responsive to the control signal, the processor  102  may cause the pneumatic control  122  to move the actuator  136  by changing the pressure at output  124 , until the actuator  136  or valve mechanism reaches a desired position as reported by the sensor input  128 . 
         [0026]    The auxiliary input  114  be a designated input programmable to different functions. When programmed in a first mode as an alert input or alarm input, placing a signal or causing an impedance change across input terminals  116  and  118  may cause the signal input circuit  114  to notify the processor  102  that an event has occurred or some external condition exists. The processor  102  may then respond according to its programming to respond to the event, for example, by sending a notification to a process controller via the HART signaling interface  112 . 
         [0027]    When programmed in a second mode as a self-calibration input, placing a signal or causing an impedance change across input terminals  116  and  118  may cause the signal input circuit to notify the processor  102  that a signal is present. The processor  102  may then respond to initiate a self-calibration routine for valve travel calibration by moving the actuator  136  to a first calibration point, that is, a first limit of valve travel, at one end of the available actuator travel and then a second calibration point, that is, a second limit of valve travel, at the other end of the available actuator travel so that the full travel of the actuator  136  or corresponding valve mechanism may be determined. When the limits of travel have been completed, a first control signal limit value may be resolved and set for the first calibration point and a second control signal limit value may be resolved and set for the second calibration point. 
         [0028]      FIG. 2  is a view of representative electrical connections in a valve controller  200  that may be the same or similar to valve controller  100 . The “loop” connections  202  are for connection of control inputs, such as 4-20 mA control signal. The signal input terminals  204  and  206 , alternately known as auxiliary inputs, may be programmably set to trigger either an alert or a self-calibration routine when a signal is present at the signal input terminals  204  and  206 . In one embodiment, the signal may be an impedance change between the terminals, such as a jumper placed across the signal input terminals  204 ,  206  which allows a known voltage or frequency at one input to be read at the other input. In another embodiment, rather than using a jumper, a switch (not depicted) may be mounted to the valve controller  200  that also allows shorting the signal input terminals  204  and  206  to each other. In yet another embodiment, an externally generated signal, such as a direct current voltage or alternating current waveform may be applied to one or both of the signal input terminals  204 ,  206 . 
         [0029]      FIG. 3  is an illustration of a method  300  of initiating a self-calibration and tuning routine in a valve controller, such as valve controller  100  of  FIG. 1 . The method  300  illustrates one approach to determining if a signal or impedance change, such as a short-circuit, has been applied for a specified time range, such as 3 to 10 seconds, at which point a self-calibration routine may begin. For the purpose of the disclosure, a short-circuit will be considered a signal given that some bias voltage or other actual signal is transferred between signal input terminals  108  and  110  by application of the short-circuit. 
         [0030]    Preliminarily in some embodiments, the signal or auxiliary input terminals  204  and  206  may be programmed by the valve controller  100  to a mode to receive a signal for activating the self calibration routine. This programming may occur at the time of manufacture, at installation, during a field maintenance session, or remotely via a HART, Profibus, or other protocol instruction received from a remote controller. In other embodiments, the auxiliary input terminals may only be used for initiating the self calibration routine. 
         [0031]    At block  302 , the auxiliary terminals  116 ,  118  may be checked to determine if a short or other signal is present for a predetermined interval, for example, 3-10 seconds. Determining if a short exists may involve checking the auxiliary terminals every 30-100 milliseconds (ms) to see if the short exists. When the short or other signal is detected, a timer may be started and used to determine if the short is removed within the predetermined time range. The processor  102  may continue to check for the short every 30-100 ms. If the short is removed during the predetermined interval, operation may continue at block  304 . 
         [0032]    At block  304 , the processor may determine if conditions are appropriate for running a self-calibration routine. For example, a setting may be in place that blocks self-calibration. If a condition exists indicating that a self-calibration should not be executed, the ‘no’ branch is taken to block  302 . If nothing is preventing self-calibration, the ‘yes’ branch from block  304  may be taken to block  306 . 
         [0033]    At block  306 , the current operating mode settings and system variables may be saved. These values may be used to restore the current state if any part of the self calibration fails or is manually aborted. Operation may continue at block  308  and the routines for calibration may be loaded and executed. 
         [0034]    At block  310 , the valve may be bumped, that is briefly moved back and forth, as an indication that the self-calibration routine has begun. 
         [0035]    At block  312 , the relay type may be determined and the self-calibration for valve/actuator travel may be performed. The relay type has to do with whether the valve controller actively drives the actuator in both directions, if the actuator is driven in one direction or the other with a spring return, etc. Various relay types are known in the industry. Travel calibration may involve driving the actuator  136  until either the actuator or the valve  134  reaches the limit of its travel. The fully opened and closed positions may be noted and saved. 
         [0036]    At block  314 , if the travel calibration completes successfully, the ‘yes’ branch from block  314  may be taken to block  316 . 
         [0037]    At block  316 , an additional calibration may optionally be performed. Pressure ranging calibration involves positioning the valve at 1% and 99% of its travel and noting the pressure those travel positions. The high and low points of output pressure may be saved and used when the valve is operated in a pressure control mode. 
         [0038]    If the ranging completes successfully, the ‘yes’ branch from block  318  may be taken to block  320 . 
         [0039]    At block  320 , an automatic performance tuner may be executed. Performance tuning may be used in digital valve controller tuning. The tuning process involves moving the valve slightly and an monitoring the effects of small tuning changes to develop an optimum control response. Tuning may involve settings related to gain and feedback for valve responsiveness. 
         [0040]    If the tuning completes successfully, the ‘yes’ branch from block  322  may be taken to block  324 . At block  324  a flag or bit may be set indicating the successful conclusion of each of phase. A single success bit may be set or, in other embodiments, a success bit for each phase may be set. 
         [0041]    In some embodiments, only one of two of the calibration phases may be performed, for example, when some phases are not appropriate for a certain operating mode or when explicitly programmed. 
         [0042]    Returning to block  302 , if the auxiliary terminals are shorted for greater than the predetermined interval, for example, greater than 10 seconds, operation may continue at block  326 . If a calibration routine is already in progress, the ‘yes’ branch from block  326  may be taken and operation may continue at block  328  where the calibration routine may be aborted and an abort bit set for later polling. At block  330 , the system variables and operating mode settings may be restored and operation continued at block  302 . 
         [0043]    If, at block  326 , the calibration routine is not running, the ‘no’ branch from block  326  may be taken and operation may continue at block  302 . 
         [0044]    The embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3  illustrates that if any phase does not complete successfully, that phase&#39;s completion block may take the ‘no’ branch and blocks  332 ,  334 , or  336  may be executed. At each block  332 ,  334 , or  336  a respective error flag may be set and execution continued at block  330 . At block  330 , the variables and mode setting saved at block  306  may be restored and operation continued at block  302 . 
         [0045]    Other variations of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 3  may allow execution of successive phases of calibration and tuning even if a prior phase does not complete successfully. 
         [0046]    The ability to both start and stop self-calibration routine in a valve controller without the use of an external tool or remote programming provides an additional tool for use by a technician in the field. By avoiding an extensive built-in user-interface, the valve assembly including the valve controller could be provided at a lower cost and with fewer active components that may themselves require maintenance. 
         [0047]    Although the foregoing text sets forth a detailed description of numerous different embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that the scope of the invention is defined by the words of the claims set forth at the end of this patent. The detailed description is to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe every possibly embodiment of the invention because describing every possible embodiment would be impractical, if not impossible. Numerous alternative embodiments could be implemented, using either current technology or technology developed after the filing date of this patent, which would still fall within the scope of the claims defining the invention. 
         [0048]    Thus, many modifications and variations may be made in the techniques and structures described and illustrated herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it should be understood that the methods and apparatus described herein are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention.