Abstract:
Novel tetrapyrollic water soluble photosensitizing and imaging compounds and the methods of treating and imaging hyperproliferative tissue, e.g. tumors and hypervacularized tissue such as found in macular degeneration. Broadly, the compounds are tetrapyrollic photosensitizer compounds where the tetrapyrollic compound is a chlorin, bacteriochlorin, porphyrin, pyropheophorbide, purpurinimide, or bacteriopurpurinimide having 3 to 6 —CH 2 CONHphenylCH 2 CH(N(CH 2 COOH) 2 ))(CH 2 N(CH 2 COOH)(CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 COOH) 2 )) groups or esters thereof or complexes thereof with gadolinium(III).

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/390,438 filed Mar. 17, 2003 entitled METHOD FOR USING CHLORIN AND BACTERIOCHLORIN-BASED AMINOPHENYL DTPA AND N2S2 CONJUGATES FOR MR CONTRAST MEDIA AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS which in turn is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/739,155 filed Dec. 18, 2000 entitled CHLORIN AND BACTERIOCHLORIN-BASED AMINOPHENYL DTPA AND N2S2 CONJUGATES FOR MR CONTRAST MEDIA AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS which in turn claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/171,961 filed Dec. 23, 1999 entitled CHLORIN AND BACTERIOCHLORINE-BASED AMINOPHENYL DTPA AND N2S2 CONJUGATES FOR MR CONTRAST MEDIA AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS;  
         [0002]     And, this is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/452,511 to Pandey et al. filed Jun. 14, 2006 entitled WATER SOLUBLE TETRAPYROLLICPHOTOSENSITIZERS FOR PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/607,922 to Pandey et al. filed Jun. 27, 2003 entitled FLUORINATED PHOTOSENSITIZERS RELATED TO CHLORINS AND BACTERIOCHLORINS FOR PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY which in turn claims priority from Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/392,473 to Pandey et al. filed Jun. 27, 2002 entitled FLUORINATED PHOTOSENSITIZERS RELATED TO CHLORINS AND BACTERIOCHLORINS FOR PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY.  
         [0003]     The above applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0004]     As described in above priority patent application Ser. No. 10/390,438, an effective tetrapyrollic photosensitizer, e.g. HPPH (a chlorophyll-a derivative) was conjugated with Gd(III)-aminophenyl-DTPA, an imaging agent. In vivo reflection spectroscopy confirmed that tumor uptake of the HPPH-aminophenylDTPA Gd (III) conjugate was higher than that of HPPH alone in the radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF) tumor of C 3 H mice. The subcutaneously-implanted Ward colon carcinoma in rats showed markedly increased MRI signal at twenty-four hours after intravenous injection of the conjugate. Both in vitro (RIF tumor cells) and in vivo (mice bearing RIF tumors) the conjugate produced significant efficacy. We have synthesized a molecule [two Gd (III) atoms per HPPH molecule] that also remained tumor-avid, PDT-active, and with improved MRI enhancing ability than the related mono-Gd(III) analog. Unfortunately, at the MRI dose (10 μmole/kg), these conjugates produced severe skin phototoxicity. However, replacing the hexyl- group of the pyropheophorbide-a with a PEG group, produced remarkable tumor enhancing at 8 hour postinjection, significant tumoricidal activity. The poor water-solubility problem of these conjugates was resolved by liposomal formulation.  
         [0005]     For many years, in vivo imaging of human organs was largely dependent upon the intravenous administration of radioactive molecules for nuclear scanning or non-radioactive iodinated chemicals for radiography. However, over the last decade magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has assumed a critical role in imaging. Unlike nuclear scanning, conventional radiography, or even computed tomography, MRI uses contrast enhancers (“contrast media”) that contain paramagnetic ions, particularly gadolinium [Gd(III)]. They are not themselves “seen” by the MRI scanner. Rather, they affect the water in body tissue so as to increase its “signal” when placed in a magnetic field. At present, three similar gadolinium(III)-derived MRI contrast agents have been approved for human clinical use in the United States, the bis-N-methylglucamine salt of Gd(III)diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) (Magnavist), the bis-N-methylamide of Gd(III) DTPA (Omniscan), and the Gd(III) chelate of 20-(2-hydroxypropyl) derivative of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N′″-1,4,7-tetraacetic acid (Prohance). All three of these agents are carboxylate containing, water-soluble complexes. After intravenous injection they result in a transient signal increase in the vascular space and penetrate the “leaky” capillary bed of many tumors, but are rapidly excreted through the kidneys by glomerular filtration. Although several liver-specific contrast media have also been created, other organs have not been successfully targeted, and no specific tumor-avid MRI contrast agent is available to date.  
         [0000]     Signal Intensity in MRI:  
         [0006]     Signal intensity in MRI stems largely from the local value of the longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates of water protons, 1/T 1 , and the transverse rate, 1/T 2 . Signal tends to increase with increasing 1/T 1  and decrease with increasing 1/T 2 . Pulse sequences that emphasize changes in 1/T 1  are referred to as “T 1 -weighted,” and the opposite is true for T 2 -weighted scans. Contrast agents increase both 1/T 1  and 1/T 2  to varying degrees, depending on their nature as well as the applied magnetic field. Agents like gadolinium (III) that increase 1/T 1  and 1/T 2  by roughly similar amounts are best visualized using T 1 -weighted images, because the percentage change in 1/T 1  in tissue is much greater than that in 1/T 2 . The longitudinal and transverse relaxivity values, r 1 , and r 2 , refer to the amount of increase in 1/T 1  and 1/T 2 , respectively, per milimole of agent (often given as per mM of Gd). T 1  agents usually have r 2 /r 1  ratios of 1-2.  
         [0007]     Advances in MRI have strongly favored T 1  agents and thus gadolinium(III). Faster scans with higher resolution require more rapid radio-frequency pulsing and are thus generally T 1 -weighted, because MR signal in each voxel becomes saturated. T 1  agents relieve this saturation by restoring a good part of the longitudinal magnetization between pulses. At the same time, a good T 1  agent would not significantly affect the bulk magnetic susceptibility of the tissue compartment in which it is localized, thus minimizing any inhomogeneities that can lead to image artifacts and/or decreased signal intensity.  
         [0008]     The effect of these agents is to increase signal on T 1 -weighted images that are negatively affected by proton density. The effect on T 2 -weighed images is to decrease signal, but this effect is minimal, because most of the T 2  signal comes from the influence of proton density. Signal Intensity for the Spin Echo Imaging is expressed as: 
 
 S   (TE,TR)   =N   (H) [1−2 e− ( TR−TE/2)/T   1   =e−   TE/T   1   ]e−   TE/T   2  
 
         [0009]     Conventional clinical MRI units produce static, cross sectional images. Newer “interventional MRI” units allow the operator to continuously image an organ while performing surgery or other manipulations.  
         [0010]     Gd(III) is a logical choice for MRI contrast media because of its superior performance compared with other lanthanide ions. Dysprosium(III) and holmium(III) have larger magnetic moments than that of Gd(III), but the asymmetry of their electronic states leads to very rapid electron spin relaxation. The symmetric S-state of Gd(III) is a more hospitable environment for electron spins, leading to a much slower electronic relaxation rate. In the process that gives rise to relaxivity, water protons hardly feel the effects of ions like Dy(III), much like a leaf near the rapid wings of hummingbird; Gd(III) electrons, on the other hand, are more closely in tune with the proton&#39;s frequency.  
         [0011]     A key biological factor that influences the selection of gadolinium compounds for human use is that its ligands like DTPA circulate and are excreted intact. The metal ion is “buried” in the chelation cage and will not bind to donor groups of proteins and enzymes. This in vivo stability markedly reduces the potential for toxicity from free gadolinium.  
         [0000]     Tetrapyrrole-Based Compounds as MRI Agents:  
         [0012]     The porphyrins and related tetrapyrrolic systems are among the most widely studied of all macrocyclic compounds. In fact, in one capacity or another these versatile molecules have influenced nearly all disciplines in chemistry. The concentration of certain porphyrins and related tetrapyrrolic or expanded porphyrin-type compounds is much higher in malignant tumors than in most normal tissues. A few years ago Sessler and coworkers discovered a new class of expanded porphyrins that is based on the Schiff base condensation between a diformyl-tripyrrane and an aromatic 1,2-diamine. This new class of expanded porphyrins has come to be known as the “texaphyrins”. Compared to the natural porphyrin system, the texaphyrins possess a larger core size and thus have the capability to form complexes with certain lanthanides, including gadolinium(III). Gd(III) texaphyrin is currently under phase I/II human clinical trials as a tumor-avid MRI contrast agent.  
         [0013]     Some tetrapyrrole-based compounds are effective photosensitizers for cancer treatment by photodynamic therapy [PDT]. Although PDT is sometimes considered a novel, idiosyncratic therapy, it has in fact been effective in a wide variety of malignancies, including skin, lung, bladder, head and neck, breast, and esophagus. The precise mechanism(s) of PDT are unknown; however, in vitro studies suggest that singlet oxygen production is phototoxic when the photosensitizing agent encounters light. In vivo animal data suggest that tumor vasonecrosis may be the direct cause of tumor kill.  
         [0014]     Effective PDT requires delivery of light to tumor that has absorbed a photosensitizer previously delivered by the systemic circulation after peripheral intravenous injection. Superficial visible lesions, or those that are endoscopically accessible—e.g., endobronchial or esophageal—are easily treated, but the vast majority of malignant lesions are too deep to be reached by light of the wavelength required to trigger singlet oxygen production in the current generation of photosensitizers. Although the technology to deliver therapeutic light to deep lesions via thin transmission fibers “capped” by a terminal diffuser is well-developed, a deep lesion is by definition not visible from the skin surface, and its uptake of a peripherally-injected photosensitizer is unknown; therefore, PDT of deep tumors thus far been impractical.  
         [0015]     A relatively long-wavelength absorbing photosensitizer, the 3-(1-hexyloxy)ethyl derivative of pyropheophorbide-a 1 [HPPH], developed in our laboratory, is tumor-avid and currently in Phase VIII clinical trials at The Roswell Park Cancer Institute. We investigated this compound as a “vehicle” for delivering gadolinium complexes to tumor, with the goal of creating the first single compound that would function both as an MRI tumor-avid contrast medium and a photosensitizer for cancer therapy. [Gd(III) texaphrin is not a photosensitizer, because it does not produce singlet oxygen when exposed to light]. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0016]      FIG. 1A  shows MRI images of tumors as compared to muscle using conjugate 3.  
         [0017]      FIG. 1B  shows MRI images of tumors as compared to muscle using conjugate 7.  
         [0018]      FIG. 2  is a bar graph showing tumor to muscle contrast of the conjugates.  
         [0019]      FIG. 3  is a bar graph showing tumor to fat contrast of the conjugates. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0020]     The present invention deals with the synthesis of “higher pay-load’ contrast agents in which the photosensitizers are conjugated with three- and six Gd(III)DTP molecules. In contrast to conjugates with mono- and di-DTPA conjugates which were formulated in Tween 80/water and liposomal formulation, the conjugates with three- and six DTPA molecules can be formulated in phosphate buffer at 7.4 pH and show the potential for tumor imaging ability and phototoxicity. The development of a tumor-avid contrast medium for MRI would by itself represent an important step in the diagnosis of cancer, but a dual function agent presents the potential for a diagnostic body scan followed by targeted photodynamic therapy, combining two modalities into a single cost-effective “see and treat” approach.  
         [0021]     The invention includes both the novel tetrapyrollic water soluble photosensitizing and imaging compounds and the methods of treating and imaging hyperproliferative tissue, e.g. tumors and hypervacularized tissue such as found in macular degeneration. Broadly, the compounds are tetrapyrollic photosensitizer compounds where the tetrapyrollic compound is a chlorin, bacteriochlorin, porphyrin, pyropheophorbide, purpurinimide, or bacteriopurpurinimide having 3 to 6 —CH 2 CONHphenylCH 2 CH(N(CH 2 COOH) 2 ))(CH 2 N(CH 2 COOH)(CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 COOH) 2 )) groups or esters thereof or complexes thereof with gadolinium(III).  
         [0022]     Preferably, the compound has at least one pendant —CH 2 CH 2 CONHC(CH 2 CH 2 CONHphenylCH 2 CH(N(CH 2 COOH) 2 ))(CH 2 N(CH 2 COOH)(CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 COOH) 2 ))) 3  group or esters thereof or complexes thereof with gadolinium(III).  
         [0023]     Preferred compounds of the invention have the formula:  
                         
 
 or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, wherein: 
 
         [0024]     R 1  and R 2  are each independently substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, —C(O)R a  or —COOR a  or —CH(CH 3 )(OR) or —CH(CH 3 )(O(CH 2 ) n XR) where R a  is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, or substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl where R 2  may be CH═CH 2 , CH(OR 20 )CH 3 , C(O)Me, C(═NR 21 )CH 3  or CH(NHR 21 )CH 3 ;  
         [0025]     where X is an aryl or heteroaryl group;  
         [0026]     n is an integer of 0 to 6;  
         [0027]     R and R are independently H or lower alkyl of 1 through 8 carbon atoms;  
         [0028]     where R 20  is methyl, butyl, heptyl, docecyl or 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-benzyl; and  
         [0029]     R 21 , is 3,5,-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl;  
         [0030]     R 1a  and R 2a  are each independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or together form a covalent bond;  
         [0031]     R 3  and R 4  are each independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl;  
         [0032]     R 3a  and R 4a  are each independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or together form a covalent bond;  
         [0033]     R 5  is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl;  
         [0034]     R 6  and R 6a  are each independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or together form ═O;  
         [0035]     R 7  is a covalent bond, alkylene, azaalkyl, or azaaraalkyl or ═NR 20  where R 20  is hydrogen or lower alkyl of 1 through 8 carbon atoms or —CH 2 -3,5-bis(tri-fluoromethyl)benzyl or —CH 2 X—R 1  or —YR 1  where Y is an aryl or heteroaryl group;  
         [0036]     R 8  and R 8a  are each independently hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or together form ═O;  
         [0037]     R 9  is a pendant group containing 3 through 6  
         [0038]     —CH 2 CONHphenylCH 2 CH(N(CH 2 COOH) 2 ))—(CH 2 N(CH 2 COOH)(CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 COOH) 2 )) groups or esters thereof or complexes thereof with gadolinium(III).  
         [0039]     R 10  is hydrogen, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl and; each of R 1 -R 10 , when substituted, is substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from Q, where Q is alkyl, haloalkyl, halo, pseudohalo, or —COOR b  where R b  is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, araalkyl, or OR c  where R c  is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl or CONR d R e  where R d  and R e  are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl, or NR f R g  where R f  and R g  are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl, or ═NR h  where R h  is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl, or is an amino acid residue;  
         [0040]     each Q is independently unsubstituted or is substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from Q 1 , where Q 1  is alkyl, haloalkyl, halo, pseudohalo, or —COOR b  where R b  is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, araalkyl, or OR c  where R c  is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl or CONR d R e  where R d  and R e  are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl, or NR f R g  where R f  and R g  are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl, or ═NR h  where R h  is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl, or is an amino acid residue.  
         [0041]     R 9  is preferably a —CH 2 CH 2 CONHC(CH 2  CH 2 CONHphenylCH 2 CH(N(CH 2 COOH) 2 ))—(CH 2 N(CH 2 COOH)(CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 COOH) 2 ))) 3  group or esters thereof or complexes thereof with gadolinium(III).  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0042]     A compound in accordance with the present invention that effectively functions both as an MRI contrast medium and a photosensitizer creates an entirely new paradigm for tumor diagnosis and therapy. After peripheral intravenous injection of this compound, a patient could be scanned with interventional MRI. The tumor site(s) could thus be defined, and, while the patient remains in the scanner, an interventional radiologist could transcutaneously insert ultra-slim needles acting as introducers for light-transmission fibers into the lesion(s). Because such fiber diameters can be small, e.g. only 400 microns, the introducer needles would produce negligible tissue damage. A light source can be coupled to the fibers, and PDT of the lesion(s) can commence, without any significant injury to other organs. Because the same molecule represents the contrast medium and the therapeutic medium, the lesion(s) can be continuously imaged during needle/fiber placement, without any ambiguity in location or “misregistration” of separate diagnostic/therapeutic images. This paradigm makes the low-toxicity and high efficacy of PDT available to virtually any location from the skull base to the floor of the pelvis.  
         [0043]     Examples of compounds for use in accordance with the present invention were prepared and tested. Synthetic intermediates and the final products were characterized by NMR (400 MHz), mass spectrometry (EIMS &amp; HRMS) and elemental analyses.  1 H NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AM-400 spectrometer. Chemical shifts are expressed in ppm. All photo physical experiments were carried out using spectroscopic grade solvents. The reactions were monitored by TLC and/or spectrophotometrically. Column chromatography was performed either over Silica Gel 60 (70-230 mesh) or neutral Alumina (Brockmann grade III, 50 mesh). UV-visible spectrums were recorded on Varian Cary 50 Bio UV-visible spectrophotometer using dichloromethane as solvent unless other wise specified.  
         [0000]     Compound No. 1:  
         [0044]     HPPH (100.0 mg, 0.157 mmol), amine A (97.8 mg, 0.235 mmol), EDCI (60.2 mg, 0.314 mmol) and DMAP (38.36 mg, 0.314 mmol) were taken in a dry RBF (100 ml). Dry dichloromethane (30 ml) was added to it and reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hr under N 2  atm. Reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (100 ml), washed with brine solution, organic layer separated, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. Crude mixture was chromatographed over silica gel using 1-3% Methanol/Dichloromethane mixture as eluent to give product 1.Yield: 130.0 mg (80.0%).UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , dichloromethane): 318, 412, 506, 537, 604 &amp; 660.  1 HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 9.78 (s, 1H, H-5), 9.41 (s, 1H, H-10), 8.54 (s, 1H, H-20), 5.96-5.91 (m, 2H, CH 3   CH Ohexyl, NH), 5.33 (d, 1H, CH-15 1 , J=19.6 Hz), 5.14 (d, 1H, CH-15 1 , J=19.6 Hz), 4.53 (q, 1H, H-17, J=7.2 Hz), 4.32 (m, 1H, H-18), 3.71-3.67 (m, 2H, —O CH 2   -hexyl), 3.63-3.60 (m, 2H, 8- CH 2   CH 3 ), 3.52 (s, 3H, 7-CH 3 ), 3.39 (s, 3H, 2-CH 3 ), 3.27 (s, 3H, 12-CH 3 ), 2.67 (m, 1H, CH-17 2 ), 2.37 (m, 1H, H-17 2 ), 2.26 (m, 1H, H-17 1 ), 2.15-2.13 (m, 9H, 3CH 2 -chain &amp;  CH 3   CHOhexyl), 1.97 (m, 1H, H-17 1 ), 1.92 (t, 6H, 3CH 2 -chain, J=7.6 Hz), 1.80 (d, 3H, 18-CH 3 , J=7.2 Hz), 1.73 (m, 2H, CH 2 hexyl), 1.66 (t, 3H, 8-CH 2   CH 3   , J=7.6 Hz), 1.44 (m, 2H, CH 2 hexyl), 1.30 (s, 27H, 3CO 2   t Bu), 1.24 (m, 4H, 2CH 2 hexyl), 0.78 (t, 3H, CH 3 hexyl, J=6.8 Hz), 0.04 (brs, 1H, NH),-1.68 (brs, 1H, NH). EIMS: 1035 (MH + ).  
         [0000]     Compound No. 2:  
         [0045]     Compound 1 (73.0 mg, 0.07 mmol) was stirred with 70% TFA/DCM (5.0 ml) at RT for 3 hr. Resultant mixture was concentrated and dried under high vacuum to remove trace of TFA. To this crude were added, amino-benzyl-DTPA-penta-tert-butyl ester (219.0 mg, 0.282 mmol), EDCI (67.0 mg, 0.352 mmol) and DMAP (43.0 mg, 0.352 mmol). Dry dichloromethane (30 ml) was added to it and reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hr under N 2  atm. Reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (100 ml), washed with brine solution, organic layer separated, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. Crude mixture was chromatographed over alumina G (III) using 1-3% Methanol/Dichloromethane mixture as eluent to give product 2. Yield: 130.0 mg (58.47%).UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , dichloromethane): 319, 411, 506, 537, 604, 661.  1 HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 9.74 (splitted s, 1H, H-5), 9.36 (splitted s, 1H, H-10), 8.54 (splitted s, 1H, H-20), 8.17 (brs, 1H, NH), 7.74 (m, 1H, Ph-DTPA), 7.61-7.56 (m, 2H, Ph-DTPA), 7.43 (m, 4H, Ph-DTPA), 7.12 (m, 5H, Ph-DTPA), 6.96 (brs, 1H, NH), 5.96 (m, 1H, CH 3   CH Ohexyl), 5.29 (d, 1H, CH-15 1 , J=19.2 Hz), 5.11 (d, 1H, CH-15 1 , J=19.2 Hz), 4.47 (m, 1H, H-17), 4.26 (m, 1H, H-18), 3.64 (m, 2H, &amp; O CH   2 hexyl), 3.54 (m, 2H, 8- CH   2 CH 3 ), 3.45-3.38 (m, 30H, 15CH 2 -DTPA), 3.36 (s, 3H, 7-CH 3 ), 3.32 (s, 3H, 2-CH 3 ), 3.22 (s, 3H, 12-CH 3 ), 3.12 (m, 3H, CH-DTPA), 2.84-2.70 (m, 19H, 9CH 2 -DTPA &amp; CH-17 2 ), 2.59 (m, 6H, 6CH 2 -benzyl), 2.47-2.41 (m, 8H, 3CH 2 -chain, CH-17 2  &amp; CH-17 1 ), 2.19-2.15 (m, 9H, 3CH 2 -chain,  CH   3 CH-Ohexyl), 2.06 (d, 3H, 18-CH 3 , J=7.6 Hz) 2.00 (m, 1H, CH-17 1 ), 1.74 (m, 4H, 2CH 2 -hexyl), 1.66 (t, 3H, 8-CH 2   CH   3 , J=7.2 Hz), 1.60 (m, 135H for 15 CO 2   t Bu), 1.26 (m, 4H, 2CH 2 -hexyl), 0.77 (m, 3H, CH 3 -Ohexyl), 0.55 (brs, 1H, NH), −0.24 (brs, 1H, NH). HRMS: Calculated for C 172 H 267 N 17 O 36 : 3149.053, found: 3150.10 (MH + ).  
         [0000]     Compound No. 3:  
         [0046]     Compound 2 (110.0 mg, 0.034 mmol) was stirred with 70% TFA/DCM (5.0 ml) at RT for 3 hr. Resultant mixture was concentrated and dried under high vacuum to remove trace of TFA. The crude thus obtained was dissolved in pyridine (10 ml) and put under stirring, to this stirring solution GdCl 3 .6H 2 O (77.9 mg, 0.21 mmol) in 1 ml of water was added slowly and resultant mixture was stirred for 16 hr. Reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under high vacuum. Residue was washed with water (10 ml×3), acetone (10 ml×3) and finally dried under high vacuum using P 2 O 5  as drying agent. Yield: 75.0 mg (77.55%). UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , MeOH): 620, 408, 504, 537, 604 &amp; 660. Elemental analysis: Calculated for C 113 H 151 Gd 3 N 17 O 36 : C, 48.55; H, 5.44; Gd, 16.88; N, 8.52.; O, 20.61, found: C, 48.68; H, 5.49; N, 8.57.  
         [0000]     Compound No. 5:  
         [0047]     Acid 4 (100.0 mg, 0.143 mmol), amine A (89.1 mg, 0.214 mmol), EDCI (54.9 mg, 0.28 mmol) and DMAP (34.9 mg, 0.28 mmol) were taken in a dry RBF (100 ml). Dry dichloromethane (30 ml) was added to it and reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hr under N 2  atm. Reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (100 ml), washed with brine solution, organic layer separated, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. Crude mixture was chromatographed over silica gel using 1-2% Methanol/Dichloromethane mixture as eluent to give product 5. Yield: 134.0 mg (85.3%).UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , dichloromethane): 318, 411, 506, 536, 604 &amp; 661.  1 HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 9.76 (splitted s, 1H, H-5), 9.38 (splitted s, 1H, H-10), 8.55 (s, 1H, H-20), 6.02 (d, 1H, CH 3   CH OOTEG, J=6.4 Hz), 5.99 (brs, 1H, NH), 5.34 (d, 1H, CH-15 1 , J=20.0 Hz), 5.15 (d, 1H, CH-15 1 , J=20.0 Hz), 4.58 (q, 1H, H-17, J=6.8 Hz), 4.33 (m, 1H, H-18), 3.88-3.75 (m, 4H, 2 CH 2   —O-TEG), 3.70-3.62 (m, 6H, 3 CH 2   —O-TEG), 3.55 (m, 2H, 8- CH 2   CH 3 ), 3.47-3.44 (m, 2H,  CH 2   —O-TEG), 3.40 (s, 3H, 7-CH 3 ), 3.39 (s, 3H, 2-CH 3 ), 3.29 (s, 3H, 12-CH 3 ), 3.27 (s, 3H,  CH 3   —O-TEG), 2.69 (m, 1H, CH-17 2 ), 2.39 (m, 1H, CH-17 2 ), 2.31 (m, 1H, CH-17 1 ), 2.14 (m, 8H, 4CH 2 -chain), 2.00 (m, 1H, CH-17 1 ), 1.92 (m, 7H, 2CH 2 -chain,  CH 3   CHOTEG), 1.82 (d, 3H, 18-CH 3 , J=7.2 Hz), 1.68 (t, 3H, 8-CH 2   CH 3   , J=7.6 Hz), 1.31 (s, 27H, 3CO 2   t Bu), 0.42 (brs, 1H, NH), −1.69 (brs, 1H, NH).EIMS: 1097 (MH + )  
         [0000]     Compound No. 6:  
         [0048]     Compound 5 (100.0 mg, 0.091 mmol) was stirred with 80% TFA/DCM (5.0 ml) at RT for 3 hr. Resultant mixture was concentrated and dried under high vacuum to remove trace of TFA. To this crude were added, amino-benzyl-DTPA-penta-tert-butyl ester (285.0 mg, 0.365 mmol), EDCI (105.0 mg, 0.54 mmol) and DMAP (66.8 mg, 0.54 mmol). Dry dichloromethane (30 ml) was added to it and reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hr under N 2  atm. Reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (100 ml), washed with brine solution, organic layer separated, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. Crude mixture was chromatographed over alumina G (III) using 1-3% Methanol/Dichloromethane mixture as eluent to give product 6. Yield: 250.0 mg (85.3%). UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , dichloromethane): 319, 411, 506, 537, 606, 661.  1 HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 9.70 (splitted s, 1H, H-5), 9.44 (splitted s, 1H, H-10), 9.37 (brs, 1H, NH), 9.20 (brs, 1H, NH), 8.56 (m, 1H, NH), 8.47 (s, 1H, H-20), 7.77 (m, 1H, Ph-DTPA), 7.59 (m, 2H, Ph-DTPA), 7.44 (m, 2H, Ph-DTPA), 7.10 (m, 6H, Ph-DTPA), 6.81 (m, 1H, Ph-DTPA), 5.97 (m, 1H, CH 3   CH OTEG), 5.20 (m, 2H, CH 2 -15 1 ), 4.60 (m, 1H, H-17), 4.22 (m, 1H, H-18), 3.81-3.64 (m, 4H, 2CH 2 —OTEG), 3.57-3.50 (m, 4H, 8- CH   2 CH 3 ,  CH   2 —OTEG), 3.60 (m, 6H, 3CH 2 OTEG), 3.38 (s, 30H, 15CH 2 -DTPA), 3.35 (s, 3H, 7-CH 3 ), 3.23 (m, 6H, 12-CH 3 , OCH 3 -TEG), 3.04 (m, 3H, 3CH-DTPA), 2.70 (m, 19H, 9CH 2 -DTPA, CH-17 2 ), 2.55 (m, 7H, 3CH 2 -benzyl &amp; CH-17 2 ), 2.32 (t, 6H, 3CH 2 -chain, J=6.8 Hz), 2.23 (m, 1H, CH-17 1 ), 2.10 (d, 3H,  CH   3 CH-OTEG, J=6.4 Hz), 2.01 (m, 1H, CH-17 1 ), 1.77 (d, 3H, 18-CH 3 , J=7.2 Hz), 1.68 (t, 3H, 8-CH 2   CH   3 , J=7.6 Hz), 1.59 (t, 6H, 3CH 2 -chain, J=6.4 Hz), 1.44 (m, 135H, 15CO 2   t Bu),-1.75 (brs, 1H, NH).  
         [0049]     HRMS: Calculated for C 173 H 269 N 17 O 39 : 3211.077, found: 3212.20 (MH + ).  
         [0000]     Compound No. 7:  
         [0050]     Compound 6 (226.0 mg, 0.07 mmol) was stirred with 80% TFA/DCM (5.0 ml) at RT for 3 hr. Resultant mixture was concentrated and dried under high vacuum to remove trace of TFA. The crude thus obtained was dissolved in pyridine (10 ml) and put under stirring, to this stirring solution GdCl 3 .6H 2 O (156.9 mg, 0.422 mmol) in 1 ml of water was added slowly and resultant mixture was stirred for 16 hr. Reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under high vacuum. Residue was washed with water (10 ml×3), acetone (10 ml×3) and finally dried under high vacuum using P 2 O 5  as drying agent. Yield: 165.0 mg (82.5%). UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , MeOH): 320, 408, 505, 537, 605 &amp; 660. Elemental analysis: Calculated for C 113 H 149 Gd 3 N 17 O 39 : C, 47.77; H, 5.29; Gd, 16.60; N, 8.38.; O, 21.96, found: C, 47.85; H, 5.30; N, 8.43.  
         [0000]     Compound No. 9:  
         [0051]     Acid 8 (82.0 mg, 0.118 mmol), amine A (73.6 mg, 0.177 mmol), EDCI (45.3 mg, 0.236 mmol) and DMAP (28.8 mg, 0.236 mmol) were taken in a dry RBF (100 ml). Dry dichloromethane (30 ml) was added to it and reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hr under N 2  atm. Reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (100 ml), washed with brine solution, organic layer separated, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. Crude mixture was chromatographed over silica gel using 1-2% Methanol/Dichloromethane mixture as eluent to give product 9. Yield: 90.0 mg (69.8%). UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , dichloromethane): 365, 418, 509, 545 &amp; 699.  1 HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 9.75 (splitted s, 1H, meso-H), 9.64 (s, 1H, meso-H), 8.55 (s, 1H, meso-H), 6.25 (m, 1H, CONH), 5.79 (q, 1H, CH 3   CH Obutyl, J=6.4 Hz), 5.34 (m, 1H, H-17), 4.52 (t, 2H, —N CH   2 butyl, J=7.2 Hz), 4.42 (m, 1H, H-18), 3.84 (s, 3H, ring-CH 3 ), 3.70-3.59 (m, 4H, —O CH 2   -butyl, 8- CH 2   CH 3 ), 3.32 (s, 3H, ring-CH 3 ), 3.17 (s, 3H, ring-CH 3 ), 2.61 (m, 1H, CH-17 2 ), 2.43 (m, 1H, H-17 2 ), 2.27 (m, 1H, H-17 1 ), 2.20 (t, 6H, 3 CH 2   -chain, J=7.2 Hz), 2.06 (m, 3H,  CH 3   CHObutyl), 2.01 (t, 6H, 3 CH 2   -chain, J=7.6 Hz), 1.82 (m, 1H, H-17 1 ), 1.75 (d, 3H, 18-CH 3 , J=6.0 Hz), 1.68 (t, 3H, 8-CH 2   CH 3   , J=7.6 Hz), 1.62 (m, 8H, 4 CH 2   butyl), 1.34 (s, 27H, 3CO 2   t Bu), 1.10 (t, 3H,  CH 3   -obutyl, J=7.2 Hz), 0.87 (t, 3H,  CH 3   -Nbutyl, J=7.2 Hz), 0.40 (brs, 1H, NH),-0.06 (brs, 1H, NH). EIMS: 1092 (MH + ).  
         [0000]     Compound No. 10:  
         [0052]     Compound 9 (80.0 mg, 0.073 mmol) was stirred with 70% TFA/DCM (5.0 ml) at RT for 3 hr. Resultant mixture was concentrated and dried under high vacuum to remove trace of TFA. To this crude were added, amino-benzyl-DTPA-penta-tert-butyl ester (286.0 mg, 0.366 mmol), EDCI (84.4 mg, 0.44 mmol) and DMAP (53.7 mg, 0.44 mmol). Dry dichloromethane (30 ml) was added to it and reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hr under N 2  atm. Reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (100 ml), washed with brine solution, organic layer separated, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. Crude mixture was chromatographed over alumina G (III) using 1-3% Methanol/Dichloromethane mixture as eluent to give product 10. Yield: 140.0 mg (59.57%). UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , dichloromethane): 365, 418, 509, 546, 699.  1 HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 9.75 (splitted s, 1H, meso-H), 9.63 (splitted s, 1H, meso-H), 9.33 (brs, 1H, NH), 8.60 (splitted s, 1H, meso-H), 7.61 (m, 2H, Ph-DTPA), 7.58 (m, 1H, Ph-DTPA), 7.37 (m, 3H, Ph-DTPA), 7.12 (m, 5H, Ph-DTPA), 6.84 (m, 1H, Ph-DTPA), 5.76 (m, 1H, CH 3   CH Obutyl), 5.39 (m, 1H, H-17), 4.45 (m, 3H, H-18 &amp; N CH   2 butyl), 3.82 (s, 3H, ring-CH 3 ), 3.65 (m, 4H, 8- CH   2 CH 3  &amp; O CH   2 butyl), 3.38 (m, 22H, 11CH 2 -DTPA), 3.31 (m, 11H, 4CH 2 -DTPA &amp; ring-CH 3 ), 3.17 (s, 3H, ring-CH 3 ), 3.03 (m, 3H, CH-DTPA), 2.84-2.61 (m, 19H, 9CH 2 -DTPA &amp; CH-17 2 ), 2.47 (m, 8H, 6CH 2 -benzyl &amp; CH-17 2  &amp; CH-17 1 ), 2.20 (m, 6H, 3CH 2 -chain), 2.04 (d,  CH   3 CHObutyl, J=6.8 Hz), 1.96 (m, 6H, 3CH 2 -chain), 1.84 (m, 1H, CH-17 1 ), 1.73 (s, 3H, 17-CH 3 ), 1.67 (t, 3H, 8-CH 2   CH   3 , J=7.2 Hz), 1.60 (m, 4H, 2CH 2 —Obutyl), 1.41 (m, 135H for 15 CO 2   t Bu), 1.37 (m, 4H, 2CH 2 —N-butyl), 1.03 (t, 3H, CH 3 —Obutyl, J=6.8 Hz), 0.86 (t, 3H, CH 3 —N-butyl, J=6.8 Hz),−0.09 (brs, 1H, NH). HRMS: Calculated for C 174 H 270 N 18 O 37 : 3206.104, found: 3207.250 (MH + ).  
         [0000]     Compound No. 11:  
         [0053]     Compound 10 (130.0 mg, 0.04 mmol) was stirred with 70% TFA/DCM (5.0 ml) at RT for 3 hr. Resultant mixture was concentrated and dried under high vacuum to remove trace of TFA. The crude thus obtained was dissolved in pyridine (10 ml) and put under stirring, to this stirring solution GdCl 3 .6H 2 O (90.3 mg, 0.243 mmol) in 1 ml of water was added slowly and resultant mixture was stirred for 16 hr. Reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under high vacuum. Residue was washed with water (10 ml×3), acetone (10 ml×3) and finally dried under high vacuum using P 2 O 5  as drying agent. Yield: 80.0 mg (69.9%). UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , MeOH): 364, 415, 546 &amp; 700.Elemental analysis: Calculated for C 114 H 150 Gd 3 N 18 O 37 : C, 48.28; H, 5.33; Gd, 16.63; N, 8.89.; O, 20.87, found: C, 48.14; H, 5.40; N, 8.93.  
         [0000]     Compound No. 12:  
         [0054]     HPPH (100.0 mg, 0.157 mmol), Di-tert-butyl iminodiacetate (77.0 mg, 0.314 mmol), EDCI (60.2 mg, 0.314 mmol) and DMAP (38.36 mg, 0.314 mmol) were taken in a dry RBF (100 ml). Dry dichloromethane (30 ml) was added to it and reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hr under N 2  atm. Reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (100 ml), washed with brine solution, organic layer separated, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. Crude mixture was chromatographed over silica gel using 1-1.5% Methanol/Dichloromethane mixture as eluent to give product 12. Yield: 120.0 mg (88.3%). UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , dichloromethane): 317, 411, 506, 538, 605 &amp; 660.  1 HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 9.80 (s, 1H, H-5), 9.51 (s, 1H, H-10), 8.55 (s, 1H, H-20), 5.94 (q, 1H, CH 3   CH Ohexyl, J=6.4 Hz), 5.33 (d, 1H, CH-15 1 , J=20.0 Hz), 5.17 (d, 1H, CH-15 1 , J=20.0 Hz), 4.52 (q, 1H, H-17, J=7.6 Hz), 4.41 (m, 1H, H-18), 4.04 (m, 2H, CH 2 chain), 3.75 (m, 2H, —O CH 2   -hexyl), 3.67 (s, 3H, 7-CH 3 ), 3.62 (m, 2H, 8- CH 2   CH 3 ), 3.42 (s, 3H, 2-CH 3 ), 3.37 (m, 2H, CH 2 chain), 3.29 (s, 3H, 12-CH 3 ), 2.77 (m, 1H, CH-17 2 ), 2.46 (m, 1H, CH-17 2 ), 2.16 (m, 1H, CH-17 1 ), 2.13 (m, 3H, &amp;  CH 3   CHOhexyl), 1.97 (m, 1H, CH-17 1 ), 1.84 (d, 3H, 18-CH 3 , J=7.2 Hz), 1.78 (m, 2H, CH 2 hexyl), 1.72 (t, 3H, 8-CH 2   CH 3   J=7.6 Hz), 1.49 (s, 9H, CO 2   t Bu), 1.46 (m, 2H, CH 2 hexyl), 1.45 (s, 9H, CO 2   t Bu), 1.25 (m, 4H, 2CH 2 hexyl), 0.8 (t, 3H, CH 3 hexyl, J=6.8 Hz), 0.42 (brs, 1H, NH),−1.7 (brs, 1H, NH). EIMS: 865 (MH + ).  
         [0000]     Compound No. 13:  
         [0055]     Compound 12 (120.0 mg, 0.139 mmol) was stirred with 70% TFA/DCM (5.0 ml) at RT for 3 hr. Resultant mixture was concentrated and dried under high vacuum to remove trace of TFA. To this crude were added, amine A (144.2 mg, 0.34 mmol), EDCI (106.6 mg, 0.556 mmol) and DMAP (67.8 mg, 0.556 mmol). Dry dichloromethane (30 ml) was added to it and reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hr under N 2  atm. Reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (100 ml), washed with brine solution, organic layer separated, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. Crude mixture was chromatographed over silica gel using 2-6% Methanol/Dichloromethane mixture as eluent to give product 13. Yield: 190.0 mg (88.3%). UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , dichloromethane): 318, 411, 506, 537, 605 and 660.  1 HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 9.78 (s, 1H, H-5), 9.52 (s, 1H, H-10), 8.3 (s, 1H, H-20), 8.27 (brs, 1H, NH), 8.17 (brs, 1H, NH), 6.59 (brs, 1H, NH), 5.90 (m, 1H, CH 3   CH Ohexyl), 5.34 (d, 1H, CH-15 1 , J=20.0 Hz), 5.15 (d, 1H, CH-15 1 , J=20.0 Hz), 4.53 (q, 1H, H-17, J=6.0 Hz), 4.36 (m, 1H, H-18), 3.77 (m, 2H, —O CH 2   -hexyl), 3.69 (m, 2H, 8- CH 2   CH 3 ), 3.67 (s, 3H, 7-CH 3 ), 3.61 (m, 4H, 2CH 2 chain), 3.36 (s, 3H, 2-CH 3 ), 3.26 (s, 3H, 12-CH 3 ), 2.77 (m, 1H, CH-17 2 ), 2.66 (m, 1H, CH-17 2 ), 2.52 (m, 1H, CH-17 1 ), 2.23 (m, 12H, 6CH 2 -chain), 2.11 (d, 3H,  CH 3   CHOhexyl, J=6.4 Hz), 2.07 (m, 6H, 3CH 2 -chain), 1.95 (m, 6H, 3CH 2 -chain), 1.93 (m, 1H, CH-17 1 ), 1.81 (d, 3H, 18-CH 3 , J=7.2 Hz), 1.75 (m, 2H, CH 2 hexyl), 1.71 (t, 3H, 8-CH 2   CH 3   , J=8.0 Hz), 1.43 (m, 2H, CH 2 hexyl), 1.41 (s, 27H, 3CO 2   t Bu), 1.32 (s, 27H, 3CO 2   t Bu), 1.24 (m, 4H, 2CH 2 hexyl), 0.77 (t, 3H, CH 3 hexyl, J=6.8 Hz). EIMS: 1548 (MH + ).  
         [0000]     Compound No. 14:  
         [0056]     Compound 13 (100.0 mg, 0.064 mmol) was stirred with 80% TFA/DCM (5.0 ml) at RT for 3 hr. Resultant mixture was concentrated and dried under high vacuum to remove trace of TFA. To this crude were added, amino-benzyl-DTPA-penta-tert-butyl ester (503.5 mg, 0.64 mmol), EDCI (123.9 mg, 0.64 mmol) and DMAP (78.8 mg, 0.64 mmol). Dry N, N-dimethylformamide (15 ml) was added to it and reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hr under N 2  atm. Reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum, added dichloromethane (100 ml), washed with brine solution, organic layer separated, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. Crude mixture was chromatographed over alumina G (III) using 1-3% Methanol/Dichloromethane mixture as eluent to give product 14. Yield: 250.0 mg (70.0%). UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , Dichloromethane): 318, 413, 507, 539, 606 &amp; 660. Elemental analysis: Calculated for C 309 H 491 N 31 O 71 : C, 64.25; H, 8.57; N, 7.52;O, 19.67, found: C, 64.30; H, 8.59; N, 7.56.  
         [0000]     Compound No. 15:  
         [0057]     Compound 14 (225.0 mg, 0.038 mmol) was stirred with 70% TFA/DCM (5.0 ml) at RT for 3 hr. Resultant mixture was concentrated and dried under high vacuum to remove trace of TFA. The crude thus obtained was dissolved in pyridine (10 ml) and put under stirring, to this stirring solution GdCl 3 .6H 2 O (173.7 mg, 0.46 mmol) in 1 ml of water was added slowly and resultant mixture was stirred for 16 hr. Reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under high vacuum. Residue was washed with water (10 ml×3), acetone (10 ml×3) and finally dried under high vacuum using P 2 O 5  as drying agent. Yield: 170.0 mg (86.7%). UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , MeOH): 320, 411, 507, 539, 606 &amp; 660. Elemental analysis: Calculated for C 189 H 251 ,Gd 6 N 31 O 71 : C, 45.07; H, 5.02; Gd, 18.73; N, 8.62.; O, 22.55, found: C, 45.15; H, 5.10; N, 8.58.  
         [0000]     Compound No. 16:  
         [0058]     Acid 4 (150.0 mg, 0.214 mmol), Di-tert-butyl iminodiacetate (105.0 mg, 0.429 mmol), EDCI (82.3 mg, 0.429 mmol) and DMAP (52.0 mg, 0.429 mmol) were taken in a dry RBF (100 ml). Dry dichloromethane (30 ml) was added to it and reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hr under N 2  atm. Reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (100 ml), washed with brine solution, organic layer separated, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. Crude mixture was chromatographed over silica gel using 1-1.5% Methanol/Dichloromethane mixture as eluent to give product 16. Yield: 165.0 mg (82.9%). UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , dichloromethane): 318, 411, 506, 536, 605 and 661.  1 HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 9.75 (splitted s, 1H, H-5), 9.52 (splitted s, 1H, H-10), 8.53 (s, 1H, H-20), 6.01 (m, 1H, CH 3   CH OTEG), 5.31 (d, 1H, CH-15 1 , J=20.0 Hz), 5.13 (d, 1H, CH-15 1 , J=20.0 Hz), 4.50 (q, 1H, H-17, J=7.2 Hz), 4.36 (m, 1H, H-18), 4.02 9m, 2H, CH 2 chain), 3.85 (m, 2H,  CH 2   —O-TEG), 3.79 (m, 2H,  CH 2   —O-TEG), 3.73 (m, 4H, 3 CH 2   —O-TEG), 3.68 (s, 3H, 7-CH 3 ), 3.66 (m, 2H, 8- CH 2   CH 3 ), 3.55 (m, 2H,  CH 2   —O-TEG), 3.39 (s, 3H, 2-CH 3 ), 3.27 (s, 6H, 12-CH 3  &amp;  OCH 3   -TEG), 2.75 (m, 1H, CH-17 2 ), 2.44 (m, 1H, CH-17 2 ), 2.41 (m, 1H, CH-17 1 ), 2.16 (m, 1H, CH-17 1 ), 2.14 (d, 3H,  CH 3   CHOTEG, J=6.4 Hz), 1.81 (d, 3H, 18-CH 3 , J=7.6 Hz), 1.71 (t, 3H, 8-CH 2   CH 3   , J=7.6 Hz), 1.44 (splitted s, 9H, CO 2   t Bu), 1.06 (splitted s, 9H, CO 2   t Bu), 0.39 (brs, 1H, NH),-1.80 (brs, 1H, NH).EIMS: 927 (MH + ).  
         [0000]     Compound No. 17:  
         [0059]     Compound 16 (140.0 mg, 0.151 mmol) was stirred with 70% TFA/DCM (5.0 ml) at RT for 3 hr. Resultant mixture was concentrated and dried under high vacuum to remove trace of TFA. To this crude were added, amine A (188.2 mg, 0.453 mmol), EDCI (115.9 mg, 0.604 mmol) and DMAP (73.7 mg, 0.604 mmol). Dry dichloromethane (30 ml) was added to it and reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hr under N 2  atm. Reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (100 ml), washed with brine solution, organic layer separated, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. Crude mixture was chromatographed over silica gel using 3-7% Methanol/Dichloromethane mixture as eluent to give product 17.Yield: 210.0 mg (86.4%). UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , dichloromethane): 318, 411, 506, 536, 604 &amp; 661.  1 HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 9.76 (splitted s, 1H, H-5), 9.53 (s, 1H, H-10), 8.63 (s, 1H, H-20), 8.31 (splitted s, 1H, CONH), 6.56 (splitted s, 1H, CONH), 6.00 (m, 1H, CH 3   CH OTEG), 5.35 (d, 1H, CH-15 1 , J=20.0 Hz), 5.16 (d, 1H, CH-15 1 , J=20.0 Hz), 4.53 (q, 1H, H-17, J=7.6 Hz), 4.36 (d, 1H, H-18, J=10.4 Hz), 3.85-3.80 (m, 4H, 2 CH 2   —O-TEG), 3.74-3.71 (m, 6H, 2CH 2 chain,  CH 2   —O-TEG), 3.67 (s, 3H, 7-CH 3 ), 3.66 (m, 4H, 8- CH 2   CH 3 ,  CH 2   —O-TEG), 3.53 (m, 2H,  CH 2   —O-TEG), 3.42-3.39 (m, 5H,  CH 2   —O-TEG, 2-CH 3 ), 3.27-3.26 (m, 6H, 12-CH 3 ,  OCH 3   TEG), 2.75 (m, 1H, CH-17 2 ), 2.67 (m, 1H, CH-17 2 ), 2.52 (m, 1H, CH-17 1 ), 2.24-2.22 (m, 13H, 6 CH 2   -chain, CH-17 1 ), 2.14 (d, 3H,  CH 3   CHOTEG, J=6.8 Hz), 2.09-2.04 (m, 6H, 3 CH 2   -chain), 1.96 (m, 6H, 3 CH 2   -chain), 1.81 (d, 3H, 18-CH 3 , J=7.2 Hz), 1.71 (t, 3H, 8-CH 2   CH 3   , J=8.0 Hz), 1.41 (s, 27H, 3CO 2   t Bu), 1.33 (s, 27H, 3CO 2   t Bu), 0.39 (brs, 1H, NH),-1.79 (brs, 1H, NH).EIMS: 1610 (MH + ).  
         [0000]     Compound No. 18:  
         [0060]     Compound 17 (100.0 mg, 0.06 mmol) was stirred with 80% TFA/DCM (5.0 ml) at RT for 3 hr. Resultant mixture was concentrated and dried under high vacuum to remove trace of TFA. To this crude were added, amino-benzyl-DTPA-penta-tert-butyl ester (471.0 mg, 0.60 mmol), EDCI (115.9 mg, 0.60 mmol) and DMAP (73.8 mg, 0.60 mmol). Dry N, N-dimethylformamide (15 ml) was added to it and reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hr under N 2  atm. Reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum, added dichloromethane (100 ml), washed with brine solution, organic layer separated, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. Crude mixture was chromatographed over alumina G (III) using 1-3% Methanol/Dichloromethane mixture as eluent to give product 18. Yield: 250.0 mg (69.0%). UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , Dichloromethane): 319, 412, 508, 538, 606 &amp; 661. Elemental analysis: Calculated for C 309 H 491 N 31 O 74 : C, 63.72; H, 8.50; N, 7.46.; O, 20.33, found: C, 63.67; H, 8.57; N, 7.46.  
         [0000]     Compound No. 19:  
         [0061]     Compound 18 (215.0 mg, 0.0369 mmol) was stirred with 80% TFA/DCM (5.0 ml) at RT for 3 hr. Resultant mixture was concentrated and dried under high vacuum to remove trace of TFA. The crude thus obtained was dissolved in pyridine (10 ml) and put under stirring, to this stirring solution GdCl 3 .6H 2 O (164.6 mg, 0.44 mmol) in 1 ml of water was added slowly and resultant mixture was stirred for 16 hr. Reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under high vacuum. Residue was washed with water (10 ml×3), acetone (10 ml×3) and finally dried under high vacuum using P 2 O 5  as drying agent. Yield: 160.0 mg (85.0%). UV-vis (λmax cm −1 , MeOH): 320, 410, 507, 539, 606 &amp; 661. Elemental analysis: Calculated for C 190 H 253 Gd 6 N 31 O 74 : C, 44.76; H, 5.00; Gd, 18.50; N, 8.52.; O, 23.22, found: C, 44.80; H, 5.07; N, 8.51.  
                         
                         
 
                         
                         
 
                         
                         
 
                         
                         
                         
 
                         
                         
                         
                         
 
                         
                         
                         
                         
 
         [0062]     Relaxivity measurements for examples of the compounds as presented herein were acquired on a General Electric 4.7T/33 cm horizontal bore magnet (GE NMR instruments, Fremont, Calif.) incorporating AVANCE digital electronics (Bruker BioSpec platform with ParaVision version 3.0.2 acquisition software, Bruker Medical, Billerica, Mass.).  
         [0063]     T1 relaxation rates (R1) were acquired for a range of contrast agent concentrations (0.02 mM to 0.10 mM) with a saturation recovery spin-echo (SE) sequence with a fixed TE=10 ms and TR times ranging from 75 to 8000 ms. Additional MR acquisition parameters are as follows: (FOV) 32×32 mm, slice thickness=1 mm, slices=3, interslice gap=2 mm, matrix=192×192, NEX=1. Signal intensities at each repetition time was obtained by taking the mean intensity within regions of interest (ROI&#39;s) using Analyze 5.0 (Biomedical Imaging Resource, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn.), and R 1  and S MAX  were determined by nonlinear fitting of the equation: S (TR) =S MAX (1−e −(R1 * TR) )+Background Noise using Matlab&#39;s Curve Fitting Toolbox (Matlab 7.0, MathWorks Inc., Natick, Mass.). The T 1  relaxivity was then determined by obtaining the slope of concentration vs. R1 via linear regression fitting. Similarly, T 2  relaxation rates (R 2 ) were acquired with multi-echo, CPMG SE sequence with a fixed TR of 2500 ms and TE times ranging from 15 to 300 ms, and the number of averages=2. R 2  and S MAX  were determined as described above using the equation: S (TE) =S MAX (e −(R2 * TE) )+Background Noise. As before, the T2 relaxivity was then determined by obtaining the slope of concentration vs. R2 via linear regression fitting.  
         [0000]     Results are shown in Table 1  
         [0064]     Results:  
                                               TABLE 1                           T1/T2 relaxivity of photosensitizer-Gd(III)DTPA conjugates                T1 Relaxivity   T2 Relaxivity       Compound   (mM · s) −1     (mM · s) −1                      593 (HPPH-3Gd)   3   23.9   62.81       601 (HPPH-6Gd)   15   24.72   66.54       604 (PP-Dibutyl-3Gd)   11   20.11   84.58       611 (Pyro-OTEG-3Gd)   7   13.58   40.11       612 (Pyro-OTEG-6Gd)   19   25.09   69.19                  
 
         [0065]     On a T1-weighted scan and at low intratumoral concentrations of the agents (&lt;0.1 mM), shortened T1 times will dominate the effect on signal intensity. All five of the compounds exhibit much higher T1 relaxivity values (Table 1) than conventional MR contrast-enhancing agents, which have T1 relaxivities˜3 to 4 (mM·s) −1 . The increased relaxivities of our compounds allow for reduced doses with similar enhancement when compared to conventional compounds. These compounds were tested in vivo (next section) a injection doses of 10 μmoles/kg vs. 100 μmoles/kg prescribed for conventional MR contrast agents.  
         [0066]     Examples of compounds of the invention were tested in vivo. Baseline MR images were acquired prior to injection of the compounds to serve as a baseline comparison. Animals were then re-scanned 8 and 24 hours after injection. Two spin-echo imaging protocols were used, all utilizing the same geometry (5-6 axial slices, 1.5 mm slice thickness, 6×6 cm FOV). The first scanning protocol was a moderately T1-weighted scan acquired with a TE/TR of 10/1200 ms. The second protocol was a heavily T1-weighted scan acquired with Chemical Shift Selective (CHESS) fat suppression with a TE/TR of 10/356 ms.  
         [0067]     Regions of interest (ROI&#39;s) for tumor, muscle, fat, and noise were defined, and the mean intensity and standard deviation for each ROI was sampled. Tumor conspicuity was measured by determining the contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR&#39;s), which is defined as the difference in signal between two tissues divided by the standard deviation of the noise. Enhancement of tumor as compared to muscle was determined using the first scanning protocol (TE/TR=10.3/1200 ms). Due to the inherent hyperintensity of fat on T1-weighted MR scans, enhancement of the tumor as compared to fat was determined by analyzing the fat-suppressed images. Results are outlined in Tables 2 &amp; 3, and sample images show in  FIGS. 1A and 1B .  
                                                                                                                   TABLE 2                           Tumor to fat contrast/noise ratio of the Photosensitizer-Gd(III) conjugates       Tumor to Fat Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR)                CNR                    Base-       CNR Improvement            Compound   line   4 hr   8 hr   24 hr   4 hr   8 hr   24 hr                    593 (HPPH-3Gd)-3   10.42   xx   15.88   19.34   xx   54%   86%       601 (HPPH-6Gd)-15   15.61   xx   23.80   22.66   xx   52%   45%       604   5.36   xx   15.78   17.84   xx   194%   233%       (PP-Dibutyl-3Gd)-11       611   6.20   xx   20.30   11.50   xx   227%   85%       (Pyro-OTEG-3Gd)-7       612   9.10   18.60   13.40   11.20   104%   47%   23%       (Pyro-OTEG-6Gd)-19                  
 
         [0068]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Tumor to muscle contrast/noise ratio of the 
               
               
                 photosensitizer Gd(III) conjugates 
               
               
                 Tumor to Muscle Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 CNR 
                 CNR Improvement 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Compound 
                 Baseline 
                 4 hr 
                 8 hr 
                 24 hr 
                 4 hr 
                 8 hr 
                 24 hr 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 593-3 
                 8.69 
                 xx 
                 15.31 
                 19.17 
                 xx 
                 66% 
                 96% 
               
               
                 601-15 
                 6.36 
                 xx 
                 13.40 
                 18.65 
                 xx 
                 111% 
                 193% 
               
               
                 604-11 
                 9.93 
                 xx 
                 10.40 
                 20.48 
                 xx 
                 5% 
                 106% 
               
               
                 611-7 
                 9.39 
                 20.00 
                 21.30 
                 14.40 
                 113% 
                 127% 
                 53% 
               
               
                 612-19 
                 11.50 
                 16.30 
                 20.90 
                 14.20 
                  42% 
                 82% 
                 23% 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0069]     Additionally, tumor avidity of each formulation was investigated by comparing the increase in contrast, i.e. difference in normalized signal, between tumor and normal tissues. The HPPH-Gd compounds demonstrated a much higher contrast between tumor and normal tissue than the Pyro-OTEG compounds shown in  FIGS. 2 &amp; 3 . The PP-Dibutyl compound showed peak contrast at 24 hours. In the Figures, compounds coded as 593=3; 601=15; 604=11, 611=7 and 612=19.  FIGS. 2 and 3  show tumor to muscle and tumor to fat contrast of the conjugates.  
         [0070]     The relatively low increase in contrast between tumors and normal tissues with the Pyro-OTEG compounds is indicative that the increase in the CNR&#39;s is predominately a global increase of signal-to-noise in the images than a preferential accumulation of the compound within the tumor.  
         [0071]     HPPH-formulations (593 (3) and 601 (15)) showed a continuation of increasing CNR of tumor to fat and muscle from 8 hours to 24 hours. This is indicative of a longer circulation time of these compounds as compared to the Pyro-OTEG from. Conversely, the Pyro-OTEG formulations (611 (7) &amp; 612 (19)) also showed large increases in CNR at 4 and 8 hours, but then decreased 24 hours later. This is indicative of a much shorter circulation time, which may limit efficacy of PDT treatments if not performed within 8 hours of the administration of the agent. Furthermore, the relative increase in contrast with the Pyro-OTEG compounds [611 (7) &amp; 612 (19)] was much lower than that of the HPPH and PP-Dibutyl compounds (593 (3), 601 (15) &amp; 604 (11)), which is exhibited in  FIGS. 2 and 3 . The large increases in contrast-to-noise with these compounds is attributed more to a global increase in signal to noise (due to the presence of the agents) than tumor avidity. In “real world” application, an increase in CNR is most effective when the CNR approaches a threshold of detection, which is within the range of CNR=2 to 5 for humans. Due to the bi-functionality of these agents, serving as both PDT agents as well as MR contrast-enhancing agents, the greater tumor avidity of compounds 593 (3), 601 (15), &amp; 604 (11) would be preferred over the Pyro-OTEG compounds so that the effect of the PDT therapy is more specific to the tumor tissue rather than host tissue. However, it is foreseeable that the more rapidly clearing Pyro-OTEG compounds would be seen as beneficial in clinical applications.