Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for compensation and restoring of a coverage area, for realizing energy saving and compensation between nodes. The coverage compensation method includes: judging whether or not the trigger condition for starting an energy saving and compensation process is satisfied according to a preset energy saving and compensation strategy; when the trigger condition for starting the energy saving and compensation process is satisfied, one of a first node and a second node carries out an energy saving operation in the energy saving and compensation process while the other node carries out a compensation operation in the energy saving and compensation process; wherein the first node is a compensation node and the second node is an energy saving node, or the first node is an energy saving node and the second node is a compensation node. Further disclosed is a device for implementing the method.

Description:
This application is a US National Stage of International Application No. PCT/CN2012/070107, filed Jan. 6, 2012, designating the United States, and claiming the benefit of Chinese Patent Application No. 201110002095.7, filed with the Chinese Patent Office on Jan. 6, 2011 and entitled “Coverage area compensation and restoration method and apparatus”, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
     FIELD 
     The present invention relates to the field of communications and particularly to a coverage area compensation and restoration method and apparatus. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Along with the dramatic economic and social development, people have ignored or disregarded negative effects due to their excessive pursuing of the satisfactory development and the development pace, and numerous hidden dangers have been concealed for their future development despite their extremely satisfied material desires, so that these problems, e.g., an greenhouse effect, water pollution, etc., will be increasingly prominent over time until human survival is endangered. To some extent, all of these problems may be attributable to people&#39;s incomplete understanding of their development that any problem would be readily solved as long as their economic development could be attained, thus ignoring environmental protection. In fact, the problems faced by the human being can be constantly solved only by their scientific development. Thus energy-saving and emission reduction and a low-carbon lifestyle have become hotspots of social interest. 
     Those skilled in the art of communications have identified this issue and conceived energy-saving of communication devices. 
     However there has been absent so far an effective solution to how to control an energy-saving cell to be deactivated and to enlarge a coverage area of a compensation cell. 
     SUMMARY 
     Embodiments of the invention provide a coverage area compensation and restoration method and apparatus so as to perform energy-saving and compensation between the nodes. 
     A coverage area compensation method includes the steps of: 
     determining from preset energy-saving and compensation strategies whether a trigger condition to initiate an energy-saving and compensation process is satisfied; and 
     a first erode performing an energy-saving operation in the energy-saving and compensation process and a second node performing a compensation operation in the energy-saving and compensation process when the trigger condition to initiate the energy-saving and compensation process is satisfied. 
     A coverage area restoration method includes the steps of: 
     determining from preset energy-saving and compensation restoration strategies whether a trigger condition to initiate a coverage restoration process is satisfied; and 
     a first node performing an energy-saving restoration operation in the coverage restoration process find a second node performing a compensation restoration operation in the coverage restoration process when the trigger condition to initiate the coverage restoration process is satisfied. 
     A coverage area compensation apparatus includes: 
     a strategy module configured to determine from preset energy-saving and compensation strategies whether a trigger condition to initiate an energy-saving and compensation process is satisfied or to receive a trigger for the energy-saving and compensation process from an Operation, Administration and Maintenance, OAM, entity; and 
     an enforcement module configured to perform an energy-saving operation in the energy-saving and compensation process or to perform a compensation operation in the energy-saving and compensation process when the energy-saving and compensation process is determined to be initiated, 
     wherein the apparatus is an energy-saving node when performing the energy-saving operation in the energy-saving and compensation process; and the apparatus is a compensation node when performing the compensation operation in the energy-saving and compensation process. 
     A coverage area restoration apparatus includes: 
     a strategy module configured to determine from preset energy-saving and compensation restoration strategies whether a trigger condition to initiate a coverage restoration process is satisfied or to receive a trigger for the coverage restoration process from an Operation, Administration and Maintenance, OAM, entity; and 
     an enforcement module configured to perform an energy-saving restoration operation in the coverage restoration process or a compensation restoration operation in the coverage restoration process when the coverage restoration process is determined to be initiated, 
     wherein the apparatus is an energy-saving node when performing the energy-saving restoration operation in the coverage restoration process; and the apparatus is a compensation node when performing the compensation restoration operation in the coverage restoration process. 
     An Operation, Administration and Maintenance, OAM, apparatus includes: 
     a strategy module configured to determine from preset energy-saving and compensation strategies whether a trigger condition to initiate an energy-saving and compensation process is satisfied; and 
     a interface module configured to trigger a first node and a second node to perform the energy-saving and compensation process when the energy-saving and compensation process is determined to be initiated, 
     wherein the first node is a compensation node, and the second node is an energy-saving node; or the first node is an energy-saving node, and the second node is a compensation node. 
     An Operation, Administration and Maintenance, OAM, apparatus includes: 
     a strategy module configured to determine from preset energy-saving and compensation restoration strategies whether a trigger condition to initiate a coverage restoration process is satisfied; and 
     an interface module configured to trigger a first node and a second node to perform an energy-saving and compensation restoration process when the coverage restoration process is determined to be initiated, 
     wherein the first node is a compensation node, and the second node is an energy-saving node; or the first node is an energy-saving node, and the second node is a compensation node. 
     A node in an embodiment of the invention sends a compensation request to another related node when an energy-saving or compensation strategy is satisfied so that the node sending the request and the another related node perform an energy-saving or compensation operation to implement energy-saving and compensation between the nodes. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of adjacent cells in the prior art; 
         FIG. 2  is a general flow chart of a coverage area compensation method in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a flow chart of a method of a compensation node initiating energy-saving and compensation in a forced process in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a flow chart of a method of a compensation node initiating energy-saving and compensation in a one-negotiation process in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a flow chart of a method of a compensation node initiating energy-saving and compensation in a two-negotiation process in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 6  is a flow chart of a method of an energy-saving node initiating energy-saving and compensation in a forced process in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 7  is a flow chart of a method of an energy-saving node initiating energy-saving and compensation in a one-negotiation process in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 8  is a flow chart of a method of an energy-saving node initiating energy-saving and compensation in a two-negotiation process in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 9  is a flow chart of a method of an Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) entity initiating energy-saving and compensation in a forced process in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 10  is a flow chart of a method of initiating an energy-saving and compensation process automatically after an OAM entity pre-configures energy-saving and compensation strategies in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 11  is a general flow chart of a coverage area restoration method in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 12  is a flow chart of a method of a compensation node initiating coverage restoration in a forced process in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 13  is a flow chart of a method of a compensation node initiating coverage restoration in a one-negotiation process in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 14  is a flow chart of a method of a compensation node initiating coverage restoration in a two-negotiation process in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 15  is a flow chart of a method of an energy-saving node initiating coverage restoration in a forced process in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 16  is a flow chart of a method of an energy-saving node initiating coverage restoration in a one-negotiation process in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 17  is a flow chart of a method of an energy-saving node initiating coverage restoration in a two-negotiation process in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 18  is a flow chart of a method of an OAM entity initiating coverage restoration in a forced process in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 19  is a flow chart of a method of initiating a coverage restoration process automatically after an OAM entity pre-configures energy-saving and compensation strategies in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 20  is a general structural diagram of a coverage area compensation apparatus in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 21  is a detailed structural diagram of a coverage area compensation apparatus in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 22  is a general structural diagram of a coverage area restoration apparatus in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 23  is a detailed structural diagram of a coverage area restoration apparatus in an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 24  is a structural diagram of an OAM entity performing energy-saving and compensation in an embodiment of the invention; and 
         FIG. 25  is a structural diagram of an OAM entity performing energy-saving and compensation restoration in an embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     A node in an embodiment of the invention sends a compensation request to another related node when an energy-saving or compensation strategy is satisfied so that the node sending the request and the another related node perform an energy-saving or compensation operation to implement energy-saving and compensation between the nodes. Referring to  FIG. 1 , cells A to G of an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) abut each other without overlapping coverage, that is, the E-UTRAN network has single-layer coverage. Particularly the cell A has a coverage compensation function, and the cells B to G have an energy-saving function. During a low-service period (e.g., late at night), the E-UTRAN cells B to G are deactivated for energy-saving, and the cell A acting as a compensation node enlarges its coverage area and provides essential service coverage of this region, thus avoiding a coverage hole arising from deactivation of the energy-saving cells and ensuring continuity of Long Term Evolution (LTE) coverage. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , a general flow of a coverage area compensation method in this embodiment is as follows: 
     Step  201 : It is determined from preset energy-saving and compensation strategies whether a trigger condition to initiate an energy-saving and compensation process is satisfied. 
     Step  202 : When the trigger condition to initiate the energy-saving and compensation process is satisfied, one of a first node and a second node performs an energy-saving operation in the energy-saving and compensation process and the other node performs a compensation operation in the energy-saving and compensation process; otherwise, the step  201  is repeated. 
     Particularly the first node is a compensation node, and the second node is an energy-saving node; or the first node is an energy-saving node, and the second node is a compensation node. And the step  201  can be performed by the compensation node or the energy-saving node or can be performed by a third-party OAM entity. And the compensation node and the energy-saving node can trigger and negotiate about the energy-saving and compensation operations in numerous ways. In this embodiment, the compensation node enforces the compensation strategy among the energy-saving and compensation strategies, and the energy-saving node enforces the energy-saving strategy among the energy-saving and compensation strategies. An implementation process will be introduced below in details in several embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , a flow of a method of a compensation node initiating energy-saving and compensation in a forced process in this embodiment is as follows: 
     Step  301 : A compensation node determines from a preset compensation strategy an energy-saving and compensation process is to be initiated. Numerous preset compensation strategies are possible, for example, a preset point of time is reached, e.g., 11:00 p.m. Other compensation strategies are also possible and will not be enumerated here so as to avoid a repeated description thereof, and any compensation strategy with an energy-saving and compensation process to be initiated can be applicable to this embodiment. Particularly the compensation strategy can be preconfigured by an Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) entity or can be exchanged between cells. 
     Step  302 : The compensation node sends a compensation request to an energy-saving node to instruct the energy-saving node to perform deactivation. The compensation request can particularly be a cell compensation indication. The cell compensation indication carries the identifiers of target cells to be deactivated and can further include a minimum period of time after which a target cell is deactivated, that is, the target cell will not be deactivated until the end of this period of time and will be deactivated after a time which is no shorter than this period of time so that the compensation node has sufficient time to cover the target cell so as to reduce or avoid a coverage hole from occurring. The compensation node can send a cell compensation indication to all the adjacent energy-saving nodes concurrently, and then the cell compensation indication carries the identifiers of cells served by all the adjacent energy-saving nodes. Alternatively the compensation node sends cell compensation indications separately to respective adjacent energy-saving nodes, and then the cell compensation indication for each energy-saving node carries the identifiers of cells served by the energy-saving node. 
     Step  303 : The compensation node enlarges a coverage area. For example, a particular operation is to boost transmission power, to adjust an inclination angle of an antenna, etc. 
     Step  304 : For the enlarged cell, the compensation node interacts with new adjacent cells and collects RLF and other related information of the new adjacent cells so as to further adjust transmission power and optimize the coverage area. 
     Step  305 : The energy-saving node switches an intra-cell user to the cell served by the compensation node upon reception of the compensation request. If there is an accessing user served by the energy-saving node, then this step will be performed; otherwise, this step will be skipped. 
     Step  306 : The energy-saving node enters an energy-saving state and performs a deactivation operation. Numerous deactivation operations are possible, e.g., to deactivate transmission. Preferably the energy-saving node reserves only a sounding function so as to receive an energy-saving state quit instruction. 
     Particularly a process of the steps  303  and  304  and a process of the steps  305  and  306  are two separate processes and can be performed in synchronization. 
     In this embodiment, if there is an X2 interface between the compensation node and the energy-saving node, then the compensation node can send the cell compensation indication to the energy-saving node via the X2 interface, and an example of the structure of the cell compensation indication is as depicted in Table 1. If there is no X2 interface between the compensation node and the energy-saving node or there is an inter-RAT scenario between the compensation node and the energy-saving node, then the cell compensation indication will be forwarded by a device in a Core Network (CN) to the energy-saving node, and at this time an example of the structure of the cell compensation indication is as depicted in Table 2, and simply the device in the core network can transparently transmit the cell compensation indication directly. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Information Element 
                   
                   
               
               
                 (IE)/Group Name 
                 Value range 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Message Type 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Served Cells To 
                 1 to maxCellineNB, i.e., the 
                 Indicate target cells requested to 
               
               
                 Compensate 
                 maximum identifier of cells 
                 be deactivated 
               
               
                   
                 served by a NodeB 
               
               
                 &gt;Evolved Cell Global 
                   
                 Indicate the identifier of a cell 
               
               
                 Identifier (ECGI) 
               
               
                 Time to wait 
                   
                 Indicate a minimum period of 
               
               
                   
                   
                 time after which a target cell is 
               
               
                   
                   
                 allowed to be deactivated 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IE/Group 
                   
                   
                 IE type and 
                 Semantics 
               
               
                 Name 
                 Presence 
                 Range 
                 reference 
                 description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 CHOICE 
                 Must (M) 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Energy-saving 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Application) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;Served Cells 
                   
                   
                   
                 Indicate target cells 
               
               
                 To Compensate 
                   
                   
                   
                 requested to be 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 deactivated 
               
               
                 &gt;&gt;ECGI 
                 M 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;Time to wait 
                 Optional 
                   
                   
                 Indicate a minimum 
               
               
                   
                 (O) 
                   
                   
                 period of time after 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 which a target cell is 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 allowed to be 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 deactivated 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , a flow of a method of a compensation node initiating energy-saving and compensation in a one-negotiation process in this embodiment is as follows: 
     Step  401 : A compensation node determines from a preset compensation strategy an energy-saving and compensation process is to be initiated. 
     Step  402 : The compensation node sends a compensation request to an energy-saving node to instruct the energy-saving node to perform deactivation. The compensation request can particularly be an energy-saving request or a cell compensation request. The energy-saving request or the cell compensation request carries the identifiers of target cells to be deactivated and can further include a minimum period of time after which a target cell is deactivated and enlarged coverage related information. A variety of enlarged coverage related information is possible, for example, a maximum coverage radius, maximum transmission power, current load information, remaining available load information, etc., of the compensation node. Particularly an energy-saving request in the prior art is applicable to an overlapping coverage scenario and only instructs a target cell to be deactivated, but a compensation node will not compensate. In this embodiment, the energy-saving request is applied to a single-layer coverage scenario and instructs a target cell to be deactivated, but also the compensation node compensates coverage of the target cell. 
     The compensation node can send a cell compensation request to all the adjacent energy-saving nodes concurrently, and then the cell compensation request carries the identifiers of cells served by all the adjacent energy-saving nodes. Alternatively the compensation node sends cell compensation requests separately to respective adjacent energy-saving nodes, and then the cell compensation request for each energy-saving node carries the identifiers of cells served by the energy-saving node. 
     Step  403 . The energy-saving node determines whether to agree on energy-saving from a local energy-saving strategy and the received enlarged coverage related information, and if so, then the flow proceeds to the step  404 ; otherwise, the flow proceeds to the step  407 . Particularly the energy-saving strategy can be preconfigured by an OAM entity or can be exchanged between cells. 
     Step  404 : The energy-saving node returns an acceptance message indicating acceptance of an energy-saving operation. The acceptance message can particularly be a cell compensation response. The cell compensation response includes the identifier of a cell accepting energy-saving, that is, any cell without its corresponding cell identifier being carried will not accept an energy-saving operation, so a failure message as returned below may not carry a cell identifier. 
     Step  405 : The energy-saving node switches an intra-cell user to the cell served by the compensation node upon agreement on energy-saving. If there is an accessing user served by the energy-saving node, then this step will be performed; otherwise, this step will be skipped. 
     Step  406 : The energy-saving node enters an energy-saving state and performs a deactivation operation. Numerous deactivation operations are possible, e.g., to deactivate transmission. Preferably the energy-saving node reserves only a sounding function so as to receive an energy-saving state quit instruction. 
     Step  407 : The energy-saving node returns a failure message indicating rejection of an energy-saving operation. The failure message can particularly be a cell compensation failure. The cell compensation failure may carry information indicating a reason for rejection of an energy-saving operation. 
     Step  408 : The compensation node enlarges a coverage area upon reception of the acceptance message. 
     Step  409 : For the enlarged cell, the compensation node interacts with new adjacent cells and collects RLF and other related information of the new adjacent cells so as to further adjust transmission power and optimize the coverage area. 
     Step  410 : The compensation node operates as it is upon reception of the failure message. 
     In this embodiment, if there is an X2 interface between the compensation node and the energy-saving node, then the messages exchanged between the compensation node and the energy-saving node can be transmitted directly via the X2 interface, and at this time an example of the structure of the cell compensation request is as depicted in Table 3, an example of the structure of the cell compensation response is as depicted in Table 4, and an example of the structure of the cell compensation failure is as depicted in Table 5. If there is no X2 interface between the compensation node and the energy-saving node or there is an inter-RAT scenario between the compensation node and the energy-saving node, then the messages between the compensation node and the energy-saving node will be forwarded transparently by a device in a Core Network (CN), and at this time an example of the structure of the cell compensation request is as depicted in Table 6, an example of the structure of the cell compensation response is as depicted in Table 7, and an example of the structure of the cell compensation failure is as depicted in Table 8. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IE/Group Name 
                 Value range 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Message Type 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Served Cells To 
                 1 to 
                 Indicate target cells requested to be 
               
               
                 Compensate 
                 maxCellineNB 
                 deactivated 
               
               
                 &gt;ECGI 
                   
                 Indicate the identifier of a cell 
               
               
                 Served 
                   
                 Indicate a service coverage area to 
               
               
                 Coverage Area 
                   
                 be compensated 
               
               
                 Load Information 
                   
                 Indicate current load information or 
               
               
                   
                   
                 available capacity information 
               
               
                 Time to wait 
                   
                 Indicate a minimum period of time 
               
               
                   
                   
                 after which a target cell is allowed 
               
               
                   
                   
                 to be deactivated 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IE/Group Name 
                 Value range 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Message Type 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Compensated Cell List 
                 1 to maxCellineNB 
                 List of cells receiving an 
               
               
                   
                   
                 instruction and successfully 
               
               
                   
                   
                 responding with a 
               
               
                   
                   
                 compensation operation 
               
               
                 &gt;ECGI 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Criticality Diagnostics 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 IE/Group Name 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Message Type 
                 Value range 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Cause 
                   
                 Reason for rejection 
               
               
                   
                 Criticality Diagnostics 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 IE type and 
                 Semantics 
               
               
                 IE/Group Name 
                 Presence 
                 Range 
                 reference 
                 description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 CHOICE 
                 M 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Energy-saving 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Application 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;Served Cells to 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Compensate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;&gt;ECGI 
                 M 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;Served Coverage 
                 O 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Area 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;Load Information 
                 O 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;Time to wait 
                 O 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 IE type and 
                 Semantics 
               
               
                 IE/Group Name 
                 Presence 
                 Range 
                 reference 
                 description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 CHOICE Energy- 
                 M 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 saving Application 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;Served Cells To 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Compensate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;&gt;ECGI 
                 M 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 IE type and 
                 Semantics 
               
               
                 IE/Group Name 
                 Presence 
                 Range 
                 reference 
                 description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 CHOICE Energy- 
                 M 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 saving Application 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;Cause 
                 O 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , a flow of a method of a compensation node initiating energy-saving and compensation in a two-negotiation process in this embodiment is as follows: 
     Step  501 : A compensation node determines from a preset compensation strategy an energy-saving and compensation process is to be initiated. 
     Step  502 : The compensation node sends a compensation request to an energy-saving node to instruct the energy-saving node to perform deactivation. The compensation request can particularly be a cell compensation request. 
     Step  503 . The energy-saving node determines whether to agree on energy-saving from a local energy-saving strategy and received enlarged coverage related information, and if so, then the flow proceeds to the step  504 ; otherwise, the flow proceeds to the step  505 . 
     Step  504 : The energy-saving node returns an acceptance message indicating acceptance of an energy-saving operation. The acceptance message can particularly be a cell compensation response. The cell compensation response includes the identifiers of cells accepting energy-saving, that is, any cell without its corresponding cell identifier being carried will not accept an energy-saving operation, so a failure message as returned below may not carry a cell identifier. The cell compensation response can further include the number of users and the amount of data to be switched, etc. 
     Step  505 : The energy-saving node returns a failure message indicating rejection of an energy-saving operation. The failure message can particularly be a cell compensation failure. The cell compensation failure may carry information indicating a reason for rejection of an energy-saving operation. 
     Step  506 : The compensation node determines from a preset adjustment strategy a cell for which energy-saving is finally required upon reception of the acceptance message. Numerous adjusting strategies are possible, for example, the number of users and the amount of data acceptable to switch together with cells where this part of users reside are determined from the size of a local available load capacity and the number of users and the amount of data received to be switched. Particularly the adjustment strategy can be configured by an OAM entity or can be exchanged between cells. 
     Step  507 : The compensation node sends a cell deactivation request to the energy-saving node. The cell deactivation request carries the cell identifier of the cell for which energy-saving is finally required. 
     Step  508 : The compensation node enlarges a coverage area. 
     Step  509 : For the enlarged cell, the compensation node interacts with new adjacent cells and collects RLF and other related information of the new adjacent cells so as to further adjust transmission power and optimize the coverage area. 
     Step  510 : The compensation node operates as it is upon reception of the failure message. 
     Step  511 : The energy-saving node switches an intra-cell user to the cell served by the compensation node upon reception of the cell deactivation request. If there is an accessing user served by the energy-saving node, then this step will be performed; otherwise, this step will be skipped. 
     Step  512 : The energy-saving node enters an energy-saving state and performs a deactivation operation. Numerous deactivation operations are possible, e.g., to deactivate transmission. Preferably the energy-saving node reserves only a sounding function so as to receive an energy-saving state quit instruction. 
     To perform an energy-saving and compensation operation, the operation can alternatively be initiated by the energy-saving node, and for a particular process, reference can be made to the following embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG. 6 , a flow of a method of an energy-saving node initiating energy-saving and compensation in a forced process in this embodiment is as follows: 
     Step  601 : An energy-saving node determines from a preset energy-saving strategy an energy-saving and compensation process is to be initiated. Numerous preset energy-saving strategies are possible, for example, a preset point of time is reached, e.g., 11:00 p.m. Other energy-saving strategies are also possible and will not be enumerated here so as to avoid a repeated description, and any energy-saving strategy with an energy-saving and compensation process to be initiated can be applicable to this embodiment. Particularly the energy-saving strategy can be preconfigured by an OAM entity or can be exchanged between cells. 
     Step  602 : The energy-saving node sends a compensation request to a compensation node to request the compensation node for provision of coverage compensation. The compensation request can particularly be a cell compensation indication. The cell compensation indication carries the identifiers of target cells to be deactivated and can further include a minimum period of time after which a target cell is deactivated. Particularly the energy-saving node can send the compensation request to the compensation node directly via an X2 interface; or can have the compensation request transparently transmitted to the compensation node over a core network. 
     Step  603 : The energy-saving node switches an intra-cell user to a cell served by the compensation node. If there is an accessing user served by the energy-saving node, then this step will be performed; otherwise, this step will be skipped. 
     Step  604 : The energy-saving node enters an energy-saving state and performs a deactivation operation. Numerous deactivation operations are possible, e.g., to deactivate transmission. Preferably the energy-saving node reserves only a sounding function so as to receive an energy-saving state quit instruction. And in order to reduce or avoid a coverage hole from occurring, the energy-saving node waits for a period of time after sending the compensation request and performs a deactivation operation when the length of the wait period of time reaches the minimum period of time after which a target cell is deactivated. 
     Step  605 : The compensation node enlarges a coverage area upon reception of the compensation request. For example, a particular operation is to boost transmission power, to adjust an inclination angle of an antenna, etc. 
     Step  606 : For the enlarged cell, the compensation node interacts with new adjacent cells and collects RLF and other related information of the new adjacent cells so as to further adjust transmission power and optimize the coverage area. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , a flow of a method of an energy-saving node initiating energy-saving and compensation in a one-negotiation process in this embodiment is as follows: 
     Step  701 : An energy-saving node determines from a preset energy-saving strategy an energy-saving and compensation process is to be initiated. 
     Step  702 : The energy-saving node sends a compensation request to a compensation node to request the compensation node for provision of coverage compensation. The compensation request can particularly be a cell compensation request. The cell compensation indication carries the identifiers of target cells to be deactivated and can further include a minimum period of time after which a target cell is deactivated, load related information of the target cells, etc. A variety of load related information of the target cells is possible, e.g., the number of users and the amount of data per target cell, etc. 
     Step  703 : The compensation node determines whether to agree to provide coverage compensation from a local compensation strategy and the received load related information of the target cells, and if so, then the flow proceeds to the step  704 ; otherwise, the flow proceeds to the step  709 . Particularly the compensation strategy can be preconfigured by an OAM entity or can be exchanged between cells. Numerous compensation strategies are possible, for example, if a local available remaining capacity satisfies at least a demand of a part of the target cells for the amount of data, then the compensation node agrees to provide this part of the target cells with coverage compensation. Other compensation strategies are also possible and will not be enumerated here so as to avoid a repeated description thereof. 
     Step  704 : The compensation node returns an acceptance message indicating acceptance of a coverage compensation operation. The acceptance message can particularly be a cell compensation response. The cell compensation response includes the identifier of a cell accepted to be compensated, that is, any cell without its corresponding cell identifier being carried will not be provided with a compensation operation, so a failure message as returned below may not carry a cell identifier. 
     Step  705 : The compensation node enlarges a coverage area after returning the acceptance message. 
     Step  706 : For the enlarged cell, the compensation node interacts with new adjacent cells and collects RLF and other related information of the new adjacent cells so as to further adjust transmission power and optimize the coverage area. 
     Step  707 : The energy-saving node switches an intra-cell user to the cell served by the compensation node upon reception of the acceptance message. If there is an accessing user served by the energy-saving node, then this step will be performed; otherwise, this step will be skipped. 
     Step  708 : The energy-saving node enters an energy-saving state and performs a deactivation operation. Numerous deactivation operations are possible, e.g., to deactivate transmission. Preferably the energy-saving node reserves only a sounding function on as to receive an energy-saving state quit instruction. And in order to reduce or avoid a coverage hole from occurring, the energy-saving node waits for a period of time after receiving the acceptance message and performs a deactivation operation when the length of the wait period of time reaches the minimum period of time after which a target cell is deactivated. 
     Step  709 : The compensation node returns a failure message indicating rejection of a coverage compensation operation. The failure message can particularly be a cell compensation failure. The cell compensation failure may carry information indicating a reason for rejection of a coverage compensation operation. 
     Step  710 : The energy-saving operates as it is upon reception of the failure message. 
     Referring to a flow of a method of an energy-saving node initiating energy-saving and compensation in a two-negotiation process in this embodiment is as follows: 
     Step  801 : An energy-saving node determines from a preset energy-saving strategy an energy-saving and compensation process is to be initiated. 
     Step  802 : The energy-saving node sends a compensation request to a compensation node to request the compensation node for provision of coverage compensation. The compensation request can particularly be a cell compensation request. 
     Step  803 . The compensation node determines whether to agree to provide coverage compensation from a local compensation strategy and received load related information of target cells, and if so, then the flow proceeds to the step  804 ; otherwise, the flow proceeds to the step  805 . 
     Step  804 : The compensation mode returns an acceptance message indicating acceptance of a coverage compensation operation. The acceptance message can particularly be a cell compensation response. The cell compensation response includes the identifiers of cells accepted to be compensated, that is, any cell without its corresponding cell identifier being carried will not be provided with a compensation operation, so a failure message as returned below may not carry a cell identifier. The cell compensation response can further include enlarged coverage related information, etc. 
     Step  805 : The compensation node returns a failure message indicating rejection of a coverage compensation operation. The failure message can particularly be a cell compensation failure. The cell compensation failure may carry information indicating a reason thr rejection of a coverage compensation operation. 
     Step  806 : The energy-saving node determines a cell for which energy-saving is finally required from a preset adjustment strategy upon reception of the acceptance message. Numerous adjusting strategies are possible, for example, the number of users and the amount of data acceptable to switch together with cells where this part of users reside are determined from the size of a received available load capacity and the number of local users and the amount of data to be switched. Particularly the adjustment strategy can be configured by an OAM entity or can be exchanged between cells. 
     Step  807 : The energy-saving node sends a cell deactivation request to the compensation node. The cell deactivation request carries the cell identifier of the cell for which energy-saving is finally required. 
     Step  808 : The energy-saving node switches an intra-cell user to the cell served by the compensation node after sending the cell deactivation request. If there is an accessing user served by the energy-saving node, then this step will be performed; otherwise, this step will be skipped. 
     Step  809 : The energy-saving node enters an energy-saving state and performs a deactivation operation, particularly to deactivate the cell for which energy-saving is finally required. Numerous deactivation operations are possible, e.g., to deactivate transmission. Preferably the energy-saving node reserves only a sounding function so as to receive an energy-saving state quit instruction. And the energy-saving node waits for a period of time after sending the cell deactivation request and performs a deactivation operation when the length of the wait period of time reaches the minimum period of time after which a target cell is deactivated. 
     Step  810 : The compensation node sends a compensation request to another non-requesting energy-saving node upon reception of the cell deactivation request to instruct the other energy-saving node to deactivate a cell. The compensation request can be a cell compensation indication or a cell compensation request. For operations of the other energy-saving node upon reception of the compensation request, reference can be made to the flows illustrated in  FIG. 3  to  FIG. 5 , i.e., the flow charts of the compensation processes initiated by the compensation node. In this step, primarily in view of that the compensation node may have omni-directional coverage, when some cell or cells are provided with coverage compensation, its enlarged coverage area may cover a non-requesting cell or cells and an energy-saving operation can also be performed on this part of cells to save energy. Of course the second negotiation in this embodiment includes negotiation between the compensation node and the other energy-saving node. 
     Step  811 : The compensation node enlarges a coverage area. 
     Step  812 : For the enlarged cell, the compensation node interacts with new adjacent cells and collects RLF and other related information of the new adjacent cells so as to further adjust transmission power and optimize the coverage area. 
     Step  813 : The energy-saving node operates as it is upon reception of the failure message. 
     To perform an energy-saving and compensation operation, a device initiating the energy-saving and compensation operation will not be limited to a compensation node and an energy-saving node, but the operation can also be initiated by a third-party device, e.g., an OAM entity, and for a particular process, reference can be made to the following embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG. 9 , a method of an OAM entity initiating energy-saving and compensation in a forced process in this embodiment is as follows: 
     Step  901 : An OAM entity collects coverage information, load information, etc., of a compensation node and an energy-saving node. This is only exemplary and the OAM entity can collect any energy-saving and compensation related information. This step can be performed periodically or at fixed timings or under some trigger condition. 
     Step  902 : The OAM determines from preset energy-saving and compensation strategies an energy-saving and compensation process is to be initiated. The preset energy-saving and compensation strategies can include the compensation strategy of the compensation node in  FIG. 3  to  FIG. 5  and/or the energy-saving strategy of the energy-saving node in  FIG. 6  to  FIG. 8 . 
     Step  903 : The OAM triggers dynamically the compensation node to activate a compensation state and the energy-saving node to activate an energy-saving state. The OAM can trigger the compensation state and the energy-saving state particularly by sending a compensation request to the compensation node and the energy-saving node. The compensation request can particularly be a cell compensation indication or another configuration message. 
     Step  904 : The energy-saving node switches an intra-cell user to a cell served by the compensation node after being triggered. If there is an accessing user served by the energy-saving node, then this step will be performed; otherwise, this step will be skipped. 
     Step  905 : The energy-saving node enters the energy-saving state and performs a deactivation operation. Numerous deactivation operations are possible, e.g., to deactivate transmission. Preferably the energy-saving node reserves only a sounding function so as to receive an energy-saving state quit instruction. And in order to reduce or avoid a coverage hole from occurring, the energy-saving node waits for a period of time after being triggered and performs a deactivation operation when the length of the wait period of time reaches a preset minimum period of time after which a target cell is deactivated. 
     Step  906 : The compensation node enlarges a coverage area after being triggered. For example, a particular operation is to boost transmission power, to adjust an inclination angle of an antenna, etc. 
     Step  907 : For the enlarged cell, the compensation node interacts with new adjacent cells and collects RLF and other related information of the new adjacent cells so as to further adjust transmission power and optimize the coverage area. 
     Particularly the steps  904  and  905  can be performed in synchronization with the steps  906  and  907 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 10 , a flow of a method of initiating an energy-saving and compensation process automatically after an OAM entity pre-configures energy-saving and compensation strategies is as follows: 
     Step  1001 : An OAM entity configures a temporal strategy to a compensation node and an energy-saving node. The temporal strategy can be timings or can be periodical. For example, in a timing temporal strategy, the compensation node quits/enters a compensation state again three hours after entering/quitting the compensation state, and also the related energy-saving node is activated/deactivated three hours after being deactivated/activated. For example, in a periodical temporal strategy; the compensation node enters/quits a compensation state for a period of time of 0:00 to 7:00, and also a period of time for which the related energy-saving node enters/quits an energy-saving state can be set the same as 0:00 to 7:00. In this embodiment, the temporal strategy can be regarded as an energy-saving or compensation strategy or a part thereof. 
     After the temporal strategy is configured once, the following steps can be performed repeatedly. 
     Step  1002 : The energy-saving node switches an intra-cell user to a cell served by the compensation node when the temporal strategy is satisfied. If there is an accessing user served by the energy-saving node, then this step will be performed; otherwise, this step will be skipped. 
     Step  1003 : The energy-saving node enters an energy-saving state and performs a deactivation operation. Numerous deactivation operations are possible, e.g., to deactivate transmission. Preferably the energy-saving node reserves only a sounding function so as to receive an energy-saving state quit instruction. And in order to reduce or avoid a coverage hole from occurring, the energy-saving node waits for a period of time after the temporal strategy is satisfied and performs a deactivation operation when the length of the wait period of time reaches a preset minimum period of time after which a target cell is deactivated. 
     Step  1004 : The compensation node enlarges a coverage area after the temporal strategy is satisfied. For example, a particular operation is to boost transmission power, to adjust an inclination angle of an antenna, etc. 
     Step  1005 : For the enlarged cell, the compensation node interacts with new adjacent cells and collects RLF and other related information of the new adjacent cells so as to further adjust transmission power and optimize the coverage area. 
     The foregoing embodiment performs energy-saving and compensation of the cell or the node to thereby save energy and reduce radiation. However the compensation node may fail to satisfy a demand when there is an increase in the number of users or the amount of data, and at this time the energy-saving node will be activated so as to provide a better communication service. A coverage restoration process will be introduced below. 
     Referring to  FIG. 11 , a general flow of a coverage area restoration method in this embodiment is as follows: 
     Step  1101 : It is determined from preset energy-saving and compensation restoration strategies whether a trigger condition to initiate a coverage restoration process is satisfied. 
     Step  1102 : If the trigger condition to initiate the coverage restoration process is satisfied, one of a first node and a second node performs an energy-saving restoration operation in the coverage restoration process and the other node performs a compensation restoration operation in the coverage restoration process; otherwise, the step  1101  is repeated. 
     Particularly the first node is a compensation node, and the second node is an energy-saving node; or the first node is an energy-saving node, and the second node is a compensation node. Similarly to the coverage area compensation process, the step  1101  can be performed by the compensation node or the energy-saving node or can be performed by a third-party OAM entity. And the compensation node and the energy-saving node can trigger and negotiate about the coverage restoration operations in numerous ways. In this embodiment, the compensation node enforces the compensation restoration strategy among the energy-saving and compensation restoration strategies, and the energy-saving node enforces the energy-saving restoration strategy among the energy-saving and compensation restoration strategies. An implementation process will be introduced below in details in several embodiments. 
     Referring to a flow of a method of a compensation node initiating coverage restoration in a forced process in this embodiment is as follows: 
     Step  1201 : A compensation node determines from a preset compensation restoration strategy a coverage restoration process is to be initiated. Numerous preset compensation restoration strategies are possible, for example, a preset point of time is reached, e.g., 7 a.m. Other compensation restoration strategies are also possible and will not be enumerated here so as to avoid a repeated description thereof, and any compensation restoration strategy with a coverage restoration process to be initiated can be applicable to this embodiment. Particularly the compensation restoration strategy can be preconfigured by an OAM entity or can be exchanged between cells. 
     Step  1202 : The compensation node sends a de-compensation request to an energy-saving node to instruct the energy-saving node to perform activation. The de-compensation request can particularly be a cell de-compensation indication. The cell de-compensation indication carries the identifiers of target cells requested to be activated and can further include a maximum period of tune within which a target cell is activated, that is, the target cell will be activated within this period of time rather than alter this period of time so that when the compensation node narrows a coverage area, the energy-saving node covers the target cell so as to reduce or avoid a coverage hole from occurring. The compensation node can send a cell de-compensation indication to all the adjacent energy-saving nodes concurrently, and then the cell de-compensation indication carries the identifiers of cells served by all the adjacent energy-saving nodes. Alternatively the compensation node sends cell de-compensation indications separately to respective adjacent energy-saving nodes, and then the cell compensation indication for each energy-saving node carries the identifiers of cells served by the energy-saving node. 
     Step  1203 : The compensation node switches a user to an activated energy-saving cell. If there is a user, served by the compensation node, to be switched, then this step will be performed; otherwise, this step  11  be skipped. For whether to switch a user, reference can be made to the specification regarding a handover decision in the communication protocol. 
     Step  1204 : The compensation node quits a compensation state and narrows a coverage area. For example, a particular operation is to lower transmission power, to adjust an inclination angle of an antenna, etc. The compensation node can switch the user progressively and narrow the coverage area progressively. 
     Step  1205 : For the narrowed cell, the compensation node interacts with new adjacent cells and collects RLF and other related information of the new adjacent cells so as to further adjust transmission power and optimize the coverage area. 
     Step  1206 : The energy-saving node performs an activation operation and activates all the functions of the cell, served by the node, to be activated upon reception of the de-compensation request. 
     Step  1207 : The energy-saving node admits the switched-in user. 
     In this embodiment, if there is an X2 interface between the compensation node and the energy-saving node, then the compensation node can send the cell de-compensation indication to the energy-saving node via the X2 interface, and an example of the structure of the cell de-compensation indication is as depicted in Table 9. If there is no X2 interface between the compensation node and the energy-saving node or there is an inter-RAT scenario between the compensation node and the energy-saving node, then the cell de-compensation indication will be forwarded by a device in a Core Network (CN) to the energy-saving node, and at this time an example of the structure of the cell de-compensation indication is as depicted in Table 10, and simply the device in the core network can transparently transmit the cell de-compensation indication directly. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IE/Group Name 
                 Value range 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Message Type 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Served Cells To 
                 1 to maxCellineNB, 
                 Indicate target cells requested 
               
               
                 Decompensate 
                 i.e., the maximum 
                 to be activated 
               
               
                   
                 identifier of cells 
                   
               
               
                   
                 served by a NodeB 
                   
               
               
                 &gt;Evolved Cell 
                   
                 Indicate the identifier of a cell 
               
               
                 Global Identifier 
                   
                   
               
               
                 (ECGI) 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Time to wait 
                   
                 Indicate a maximum period of 
               
               
                   
                   
                 time within which a target cell 
               
               
                   
                   
                 is allowed to be activated 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 IE type and 
                 Semantics 
               
               
                 IE/Group Name 
                 Presence 
                 Range 
                 reference 
                 description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 CHOICE Energy- 
                 Must (M) 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 saving 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Application 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;Served Cells To 
                   
                   
                   
                 Indicate target 
               
               
                 Decompensate 
                   
                   
                   
                 cells requested to 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 be activated 
               
               
                 &gt;&gt;ECGI 
                 M 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;Time to wait 
                 Optional 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 (O) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Referring to  FIG. 13 , a flow of a method of a compensation node initiating coverage restoration in a one-negotiation process in this embodiment is as follows: 
     Step  1301 : A compensation node determines from a preset compensation restoration strategy a coverage restoration process is to be initiated. 
     Step  1302 : The compensation node sends a de-compensation request to an energy-saving node to instruct the energy-saving node to perform activation. The de-compensation request can particularly be a cell de-compensation request. The cell de-compensation request carries the identifiers of target cells requested to be activated and can further include a maximum period of time within which a target cell is activated and narrowed coverage related information. A variety of narrowed coverage related information is possible, for example, a narrowed coverage radius, lowered transmission power, current load information, to-be-transferred load information, etc., of the compensation node. 
     The compensation node can send a cell de-compensation request to all the adjacent energy-saving nodes concurrently, and then the cell compensation request carries the identifiers of cells served by all the adjacent energy-saving nodes. Alternatively the compensation node sends cell de-compensation requests separately to respective adjacent energy-saving nodes, and then the cell de-compensation request for each energy-saving node carries the identifiers of cells served by the energy-saving node. 
     Step  1303 . The energy-saving node determines whether to agree on restoration from a local de-energy-saving strategy and the received narrowed coverage related information, and if so, then the flow proceeds to the step  1304 ; otherwise, the flow proceeds to the step  1310 . Particularly the de-energy-saving strategy can be preconfigured by an OAM entity or can be exchanged between cells. Numerous de-energy-saving strategies are possible, for example, the energy-saving node agrees on restoration upon reception of a cell de-compensation request, agrees on restoration when a preconfigured point of time is satisfied, etc. 
     Step  1304 : The energy-saving node returns an acceptance message indicating acceptance of restoration. The acceptance message can particularly be a cell de-compensation response. The cell de-compensation response includes the identifier of a cell accepting activation, that is, any cell without its corresponding cell identifier being carried will not accept a restoration operation, so a failure message as returned below may not carry a cell identifier. 
     Step  1305 : The energy-saving node quits an energy-saving state, performs an activation operation and restores a service of the cell accepting activation upon agreement on restoration. 
     Step  1306 : The compensation node switches a user to the activated energy-saving cell upon reception of the acceptance message. If there is a user, served by the compensation node, to be switched, then this step will be performed; otherwise, this step will be skipped. For whether to switch a user, reference can be made to the specification regarding a handover decision in the communication protocol. 
     Step  1307 : The compensation node quits a compensation state and narrows a coverage area. For example, a particular operation is to lower transmission power, to adjust an inclination angle of an antenna, etc. 
     Step  1308 : For the narrowed cell, the compensation node interacts with new adjacent cells and collects RLF and other related information of the new adjacent cells so as to further adjust transmission power and optimize the coverage area. 
     Step  1309 : The energy-saving node admits the switched-in user. 
     Step  1310 : The energy-saving node returns a failure message indicating rejection of a restoration operation. The failure message can particularly be a cell de-compensation failure. The cell de-compensation failure may carry information indicating a reason for rejection of a restoration operation. 
     Step  1311 : The compensation node operates as it is upon reception of the failure message. 
     In this embodiment, if there is an X2 interface between the compensation node and the energy-saving node, then the messages exchanged between the compensation node and the energy-saving node can be transmitted directly via the X2 interface, and at this time an example of the structure of the cell de-compensation request is as depicted in Table 11, an example of the structure of the cell de-compensation response is as depicted in Table 12, and an example of the structure of the cell de-compensation failure is as depicted in Table 13. If there is no X2 interface between the compensation node and the energy-saving node or there is an inter-RAT scenario between the compensation node and the energy-saving node, then the messages between the compensation node and the energy-saving node will be forwarded transparently by a device in a Core Network (CN), and at this time an example of the structure of the cell de-compensation request is as depicted in Table 14, an example of the structure of the cell de-compensation response is as depicted in Table 15, and an example of the structure of the cell de-compensation failure is as depicted in Table 16. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IE/Group Name 
                 Value range 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Message Type 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Served Cells To 
                 1 to 
                 Indicate target cells requested to be 
               
               
                 Decompensate 
                 maxCellineNB 
                 activated 
               
               
                 &gt;ECGI 
                   
                 Indicate the identifier of a cell 
               
               
                 Served 
                   
                 Indicate a service coverage area to 
               
               
                 Coverage Area 
                   
                 be compensated 
               
               
                 Load Information 
                   
                 Indicate current load information or 
               
               
                   
                   
                 to-be-transferred load information 
               
               
                 Time to wait 
                   
                 Indicate a maximum period of time 
               
               
                   
                   
                 within which a target cell is allowed 
               
               
                   
                   
                 to be activated 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IE/Group 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Name 
                 Value range 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Message Type 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Decompensated 
                 1 to maxCellineNB 
                 List of cells receiving an 
               
               
                 Cell List 
                   
                 instruction and successfully 
               
               
                   
                   
                 responding with a de-compensation 
               
               
                   
                   
                 operation 
               
               
                 &gt;ECGI 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Criticality 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Diagnostics) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 13 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 IE/Group Name 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Message Type 
                 Value range 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Cause 
                   
                 Reason for rejection 
               
               
                   
                 Criticality Diagnostics 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 14 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IE/Group 
                   
                   
                 IE type and 
                 Semantics 
               
               
                 Name 
                 Presence 
                 Range 
                 reference 
                 description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 CHOICE 
                 M 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Energy saving 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Application 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;Served Cells 
                   
                   
                   
                 Indicate target cells 
               
               
                 To 
                   
                   
                   
                 requested to be 
               
               
                 Decompensate 
                   
                   
                   
                 activated 
               
               
                 &gt;&gt;ECGI 
                 M 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;Served 
                 O 
                   
                   
                 Indicate a service 
               
               
                 Coverage Area 
                   
                   
                   
                 coverage area to be 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 compensated 
               
               
                 &gt;Load 
                 O 
                   
                   
                 Indicate current 
               
               
                 Information 
                   
                   
                   
                 load information or 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 to-be-transferred 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 load information 
               
               
                 &gt;Time to wait 
                 O 
                   
                   
                 Indicate a maximum 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 period of time 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 within which a 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 target cell is allowed 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 to be activated 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 15 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IE/Group 
                   
                   
                 IE type and 
                 Semantics 
               
               
                 Name 
                 Presence 
                 Range 
                 reference 
                 description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 CHOICE 
                 M 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Energy saving 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Application 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;Served Cells 
                   
                   
                   
                 Indicate target cells 
               
               
                 To 
                   
                   
                   
                 accepting activation 
               
               
                 Decompensate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;&gt;ECGI 
                 M 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 16 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 IE type 
                 Semantics 
               
               
                 IE/Group Name 
                 Presence 
                 Range 
                 and reference 
                 description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 CHOICE Energy 
                 M 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 saving Application 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 &gt;Cause 
                 O 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Referring to  FIG. 14 , a flow of a method of a compensation node initiating coverage restoration in a two-negotiation process in this embodiment is as follows: 
     Step  1401 : A compensation node determines from a preset compensation restoration strategy a coverage restoration process is to be initiated. 
     Step  1402 : The compensation node sends a de-compensation request to an energy-saving node to instruct the energy-saving node to perform activation. The de-compensation request can particularly be a cell de-compensation request. 
     Step  1403 . The energy-saving node determines whether to agree on restoration from a local de-energy-saving strategy and received narrowed coverage related information, and if so, then the flow proceeds to the step  1404 ; otherwise, the flow proceeds to the step  1405 . 
     Step  1404 : The energy-saving node returns an acceptance message indicating acceptance of a restoration operation. The acceptance message can particularly be a cell de-compensation response. The cell de-compensation response includes the identifiers of cells accepting activation, that is, any cell without its corresponding cell identifier being carried will not accept a restoration operation, so a failure message as returned below may not carry a cell identifier. The cell de-compensation response can further include cell types, cell sizes and other information. 
     Step  1405 : The energy-saving node returns a failure message indicating rejection of a restoration operation. The failure message can particularly be a cell de-compensation failure. The cell de-compensation failure may carry information indicating a reason for rejection of a restoration operation. 
     Step  1406 : The compensation node determines a cell to be finally activated from a preset adjustment strategy upon reception of the acceptance message. Numerous adjusting strategies are possible, for example, the number of users and the amount of data acceptable to switch together with cells where this part of users reside are determined from the number of local users, the amount of local data and the received cell types, sizes and other information. Particularly the adjustment strategy can be configured by an OAM entity or can be exchanged between cells. 
     Step  1407 : The compensation node sends a cell activation request to the energy-saving node. The cell activation request carries the cell identifier of the cell to be finally activated. 
     Step  1408 : The energy-saving node quits an energy-saving state, performs an activation operation and restores a service of the cell accepting activation upon reception of the cell activation request. 
     Step  1409 : The compensation node switches a user to the activated energy-saving cell. If there is a user, served by the compensation node, to be switched, then this step will be performed; otherwise, this step will be skipped. For whether to switch a user, reference can be made to the specification regarding a handover decision in the communication protocol. 
     Step  1410 : The energy-saving node admits the switched-in user. 
     Step  1411 : The compensation node quits a compensation state and narrows a coverage area. For example, a particular operation is to lower transmission power, to adjust an inclination angle of an antenna, etc. 
     Step  1412 : For the narrowed cell, the compensation node interacts with new adjacent cells and collects RLF and other related information of the new adjacent cells on as to further adjust transmission power and optimize the coverage area. 
     Step  1413 : The compensation node operates as it is upon reception of the failure message. 
     To perform a coverage restoration operation, the operation can alternatively be initiated by the energy-saving node, and for a particular process, reference can be made to the following embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG. 15 , a flow of a method of an energy-saving node initiating coverage restoration in a forced process in this embodiment as follows: 
     Step  1501 : An energy-saving node determines from a preset energy-saving restoration strategy a coverage restoration process is to be initiated. Numerous preset energy-saving restoration strategies are possible, for example, a preset point of time is reached, e.g., 7 a.m. Other energy-saving restoration strategies are also possible and will not be enumerated here so as to avoid a repeated description, and any energy-saving restoration strategy with a coverage restoration process to be initiated can be applicable to this embodiment. Particularly the energy-saving restoration strategy can be preconfigured by an OAM entity or can be exchanged between cells. 
     Step  1502 : The energy-saving node sends a de-compensation request to a compensation node to request the compensation node for provision of coverage restoration. The de-compensation request can particularly be a cell de-compensation indication. The cell de-compensation indication carries the identifiers of target cells requested to be activated and can further include a maximum period of time within which a target cell is activated. Particularly the energy-saving node can send the de-compensation request to the compensation node directly via an X2 interface; or can have the de-compensation request transparently transmitted to the compensation node over a core network. 
     Step  1503 : The energy-saving node performs an activation operation and activates all the functions of a cell, served by the node, to be activated after sending the de-compensation request. 
     Step  1504 : The compensation node switches a user to the activated energy-saving cell upon reception of the de-compensation request. If there is a user, served by the compensation node, to be switched, then this step will be performed; otherwise, this step will be skipped. For whether to switch a user, reference can be made to the specification regarding a handover decision in the communication protocol. 
     Step  1505 : The compensation node quits a compensation state and narrows a coverage area. For example, a particular operation is to lower transmission power, to adjust an inclination angle of an antenna, etc. 
     Step  1506 : For the narrowed cell, the compensation node interacts with new adjacent cells and collects RLF and other related information of the new adjacent cells so as to further adjust transmission power and optimize the coverage area. 
     Step  1507 : The energy-saving node admits the switched-in user. 
     Referring to  FIG. 16 , a flow of a method of an energy-saving node initiating coverage restoration in a one-negotiation process in this embodiment is as follows: 
     Step  1601 : An energy-saving node determines from a preset energy-saving restoration strategy a coverage restoration process is to be initiated. 
     Step  1602 : The energy-saving node sends a de-compensation request to a compensation node to request the compensation node for provision of coverage restoration. The de-compensation request can particularly be a cell de-compensation request. The cell de-compensation request carries the identifiers of target cells requested to be activated and can further include a maximum period of time within which a target cell is activated, information related to the target cells, etc. A variety of information related to the target cells is possible, cell types, cell sizes, etc. 
     Step  1603 : The compensation node determines whether to agree on coverage restoration from a local compensation restoration strategy and the received information related to the target cells, and if so, then the flow proceeds to the step  1604 ; otherwise, the flow proceeds to the step  1610 . Particularly the compensation restoration strategy can be preconfigured by an OAM entity or can be exchanged between cells. Numerous compensation restoration strategies are possible, for example, it is determined whether the size of a target cell satisfies a demand of a user and the amount of data to be switched and whether the type of the target cell satisfies a service demand of the user, and if both are positive, then the compensation nodes agrees on coverage restoration. Other compensation restoration strategies are also possible and will not be enumerated here so as to avoid a repeated description thereof. 
     Step  1604 : The compensation node returns an acceptance message indicating acceptance of a coverage restoration operation. The acceptance message can particularly be a cell de-compensation response. The cell de-compensation response includes the identifier of a cell accepting activation, that is, any cell without its corresponding cell identifier being carried will not provide a coverage restoration operation, so a failure message as returned below may not carry a cell identifier. 
     Step  1605 : The energy-saving node quits an energy-saving state, performs an activation operation and restores a service of the cell accepting activation upon reception of the acceptance message. 
     Step  1606 : The compensation node switches a user to the activated energy-saving cell. If there is a user, served by the compensation node, to be switched, then this step will be performed; otherwise, this step will be skipped. For whether to switch a user, reference can be made to the specification regarding a handover decision in the communication protocol. 
     Step  1607 : The compensation node quits a compensation state and narrows a coverage area. For example, a particular operation is to lower transmission power, to adjust an inclination angle of an antenna, etc. 
     Step  1608 : For the narrowed cell, the compensation node interacts with new adjacent cells and collects RLF and other related information of the new adjacent cells so as to further adjust transmission power and optimize the coverage area. 
     Step  1609 : The energy-saving node admits the switched-in user. 
     Step  1610 : The energy-saving node returns a failure message indicating rejection of a coverage restoration operation. The failure message can particularly be a cell de-compensation failure. The cell de-compensation failure may carry information indicating a reason for rejection of a coverage restoration operation. 
     Step  1611 : The compensation node operates as it is upon reception of the failure message. 
     Referring to  FIG. 17 , a flow of a method of an energy-saving node initiating coverage restoration in a two-negotiation process in this embodiment is as follows: 
     Step  1701 : An energy-saving node determines from a preset energy-saving restoration strategy a coverage restoration process is to be initiated. 
     Step  1702 : The energy-saving node sends a de-compensation request to a compensation node to request the compensation node for provision of coverage restoration. The de-compensation request can particularly be a cell de-compensation request. 
     Step  1703 . The compensation node determines whether to agree on coverage restoration from a local compensation restoration strategy and received information related to target cells, and if so, then the flow proceeds to the step  1704 ; otherwise, the flow proceeds to the step  1705 . 
     Step  1704 : The compensation node returns an acceptance message indicating acceptance of a coverage restoration operation. The acceptance message can particularly be a cell de-compensation response. The cell de-compensation response includes the identifiers of cells accepting activation, that is, any cell without its corresponding cell identifier being carried will not provide a coverage restoration operation, so a failure message as returned below may not carry a cell identifier. The cell de-compensation response can further include the number of users, the amount of data to be switched and other information. 
     Step  1705 : The compensation node returns a failure message indicating rejection of a coverage restoration operation. The failure message can particularly be a cell de-compensation failure. The cell de-compensation failure may carry information indicating a reason for rejection of a coverage restoration operation. 
     Step  1706 : The energy-saving node determines a cell to be finally activated from a preset adjustment strategy upon reception of the acceptance message. Numerous adjusting strategies are possible, for example, the number of users and the amount of data acceptable to switch together with cells where this part of users reside are determined from the received number of local users and amount of data to be switched and local cell types and cell sizes. Particularly the adjustment strategy can be configured by an OAM entity or can be exchanged between cells. 
     Step  1707 : The energy-saving node sends a cell activation request to the compensation node. The cell activation request carries the cell identifier of the cell to be finally activated. 
     Step  1708 : The energy-saving node quits an energy-saving state, performs an activation operation and restores all the functions of the cell, served by the node, to be finally activated after sending the cell activation request. 
     Step  1709 : The compensation node sends a de-compensation request to another non-requesting energy-saving node upon reception of the cell activation request to instruct the other energy-saving node to activate a cell. The de-compensation request can be a cell de-compensation indication or a cell de-compensation request. For operations of the other energy-saving node upon reception of the de-compensation request, reference can be made to the flows illustrated in  FIG. 12  to  FIG. 14 , i.e., the compensation restoration flows initiated by the compensation node. In this step, primarily in view of that the compensation node may have omni-directional coverage, when some cell or cells are provided with coverage restoration, its narrowed coverage area may not cover a non-requesting cell or cells and a restoration operation can also be performed on this part of cells to reduce or avoid a coverage hole from occurring. Of course the second negotiation in this embodiment includes negotiation between the compensation node and the other energy-saving node. 
     Step  1710 : The compensation node switches a user to the activated energy-saving cell upon reception of the cell activation request. If there is a user, served by the compensation node, to be switched, then this step will be performed; otherwise, this step will be skipped. For whether to switch a user, reference can be made to the specification regarding a handover decision in the communication protocol. 
     Step  1711 : The compensation node quits a compensation state and narrows a coverage area. For example, a particular operation is to lower transmission power, to adjust an inclination angle of an antenna, etc. 
     Step  1712 : For the narrowed cell, the compensation node interacts with new adjacent cells and collects RLF and other related information of the new adjacent cells so as to further adjust transmission power and optimize the coverage area. 
     Step  1713 : The energy-saving node admits the switched-in user. 
     Step  1714 : The energy-saving node operates as it is upon reception of the failure message. 
     To perform a coverage restoration operation, a device initiating the coverage restoration operation will not be limited to a compensation node and an energy-saving node, but the operation can also be initiated by a third-party device, e.g., an OAM entity, and for a particular process, reference can be made to the following embodiments. 
     Referring to  FIG. 18 , a method of an OAM entity initiating coverage restoration in a forced process in this embodiment is as follows: 
     Step  1801 : An OAM entity collects coverage information, load information, etc., of a compensation node and an energy-saving node. This is only exemplary, and the OAM entity can collect any de-compensation related information. This step can be performed periodically or at fixed timings or under some trigger condition. 
     Step  1802 : The OAM entity determines from preset de-energy-saving and de-compensation strategies a coverage restoration process is to be initiated. The preset de-energy-saving and de-compensation strategies can include the compensation restoration strategy of the compensation node in  FIG. 12  to and/or the de-energy-saving strategy of the energy-saving node in  FIG. 15  to  FIG. 17 . 
     Step  1803 : The OAM entity triggers dynamically the compensation node to activate a de-compensation state and the energy-saving node to activate a de-energy-saving state. The OAM entity can trigger the de-compensation state and the de-energy-saving state particularly by sending a de-compensation request to the compensation node and the energy-saving node. The de-compensation request can particularly be a cell de-compensation indication or another configuration message. 
     Step  1804 : The energy-saving node quits an energy-saving state, performs an activation operation and restores a service of a cell accepting activation after being triggered. 
     Step  1805 : The compensation node switches a user to the activated energy-saving cell. If there is a user, served by the compensation node, to be switched, then this step will be performed; otherwise, this step will be skipped. For whether to switch a user, reference can be made to the specification regarding a handover decision in the communication protocol. 
     Step  1808 : The energy-saving node admits the switched-in user. 
     Step  1807 : The compensation node quits a compensation state and narrows a coverage area. For example, a particular operation is to lower transmission power, to adjust an inclination angle of an antenna, etc. 
     Step  1808 : For the narrowed cell, the compensation node interacts with new adjacent cells and collects RLF and other related information of the new adjacent cells so as to further adjust transmission power and optimize the coverage area. 
     Referring to  FIG. 19 , a flow of a method of initiating a coverage restoration process automatically after an OAM entity pre-configures energy-saving and compensation strategies is as follows: 
     Step  1901 : An OAM entity configures a temporal strategy to a compensation node and an energy-saving node. The temporal strategy can be timings or can be periodical. For example, in a timing temporal strategy, the compensation node quits/enters a compensation state again three hours after entering/quitting the compensation state, and also the related energy-saving node is activated/deactivated three hours after being deactivated/activated. For example, in a periodical temporal strategy; the compensation node enters/quits a compensation state for a period of time of 0:00 to 7:00, and also a period of time for which the related energy-saving node enters/quits an energy-saving state can be set the same as 0:00 to 7:00. In this embodiment, the temporal strategy can be regarded as an energy-saving or compensation strategy or a part thereof. 
     After the temporal strategy is configured once, the following steps can be performed repeatedly. 
     Step  1902 : The energy-saving node quits an energy-saving state, performs an activation operation and restores a service of a cell accepting activation when the temporal strategy is satisfied. 
     Step  1903 : The compensation node switches a user to the activated energy-saving cell. If there is a user, served by the compensation node, to be switched, then this step will be performed; otherwise, this step will be skipped. For whether to switch a user, reference can be made to the specification regarding a handover decision in the communication protocol. 
     Step  1904 : The energy-saving node admits the switched-in user. 
     Step  1905 : The compensation node quits a compensation state and narrows a coverage area. For example, a particular operation is to lower transmission power, to adjust an inclination angle of an antenna, etc. 
     Step  1906 : For the narrowed cell, the compensation node interacts with new adjacent cells and collects RLF and other related information of the new adjacent cells so as to further adjust transmission power and optimize the coverage area. 
     The foregoing introduction has been made of the coverage area compensation and restoration processes generally involving the compensation node, the energy-saving and the OAM entity, and internal structures and functions of these apparatuses will be introduced below. 
     Referring to  FIG. 20 , a coverage area compensation apparatus in this embodiment includes a strategy module  2001  and enforcement module  2002 . 
     The strategy module  2001  is configured to determine from preset energy-saving and compensation strategies whether a trigger condition to initiate an energy-saving and compensation process is satisfied or to receive a trigger for the energy-saving and compensation process from an OAM entity. 
     The enforcement module  2002  is configured to perform an energy-saving operation in the energy-saving and compensation process or to perform a compensation operation in the energy-saving and compensation process when the energy-saving and compensation process is determined to be initiated. Preferably the enforcement module  2002  performs the energy-saving operation in the energy-saving and compensation process after a preset minimum period of time after which a target cell is deactivated or performs the compensation operation in the energy-saving and compensation process within the preset minimum period of time after which a target cell is deactivated. The enforcement module  2002  performs the compensation operation at least in any one of the following ways: 
     A coverage area is enlarged by adjusting power of an antenna; 
     A coverage area is enlarged by adjusting the number of antenna ports; and 
     A coverage area is enlarged by adjusting an inclination angle of an antenna. 
     The enforcement module performs the energy-saving operation by deactivating all the other functions than a sounding function in a cell. 
     Particularly the apparatus is an energy-saving node when performing the energy-saving operation in the energy-saving and compensation process; and the apparatus is a compensation node when performing the compensation operation in the energy-saving and compensation process. 
     The apparatus further includes an interface module  2003  as illustrated in  FIG. 21 . The face module  2003  is configured to send a compensation request to a second node to trigger the second node to perform an energy-saving and compensation process. 
     The interface module  2003  is further configured to receive a cell compensation response returned from the second node. The enforcement module  2002  performs the energy-saving operation in the energy-saving and compensation process or performs the compensation operation in the energy-saving and compensation process according to the cell compensation response. Alternatively the strategy module  2001  is further configured to determine a cell for which energy-saving is finally required from the cell compensation response and an adjustment strategy upon reception of the cell compensation response. The interface module  2003  is further configured to send to the second node a cell deactivation request carrying the cell identifier of the cell to be finally deactivated. 
     When the apparatus is a compensation node, the interface module  2003  is further configured to send a compensation request to an adjacent energy-saving node other than the second node upon reception of a cell deactivation request. 
     The interface module  2003  is further configured to receive a cell compensation failure returned from the second node. 
     When the apparatus is a party receiving a compensation request, the strategy module  2001  is further configured to determine whether to agree on energy-saving from the preset energy-saving and compensation strategies and enlarged coverage related information in a compensation request upon reception of the compensation request. The interface module  2003  is configured to return a compensation response when energy-saving is agreed on. The interlace module  2003  is further configured to return a cell compensation failure when energy-saving is rejected. The interface module  2003  is further configured to receive a cell deactivation request after returning the cell compensation response. 
     The apparatus further includes a switch module  2004  configured to receive a user switched in from a target cell to be deactivated or to switch the user from the target cell to be deactivated to another cell. 
     Referring to  FIG. 22 , a coverage area restoration apparatus in this embodiment includes a strategy module  2201  and enforcement module  2202 . 
     The strategy module  2201  is configured to determine from preset energy-saving and compensation restoration strategies whether a trigger condition to initiate a coverage restoration process is satisfied or to receive a trigger for the coverage restoration process from an OAM entity. 
     The enforcement module  2202  is configured to perform an energy-saving restoration operation in the coverage restoration process or a compensation restoration operation in the coverage restoration process when the coverage restoration process is determined to be initiated. Preferably the enforcement module  2202  performs the energy-saving restoration operation in the coverage restoration process within a preset maximum period of time within which a target cell is activated or performs the compensation restoration operation in the coverage restoration process after the preset maximum period of time within which a target cell is activated. 
     The enforcement module  2202  performs the compensation restoration operation at least in any one of the following ways: 
     A coverage area is narrowed by adjusting power of an antenna; 
     A coverage area is narrowed by adjusting the number of antenna ports; and 
     A coverage area is narrowed by adjusting an inclination angle of an antenna. 
     The enforcement module  2202  performs the energy-saving restoration operation by activating all the deactivated functions in a cell. 
     Particularly the apparatus is an energy-saving node when performing the energy-saving restoration operation in the coverage restoration process; and the apparatus is a compensation node when performing the compensation restoration operation in the coverage restoration process. 
     The apparatus further includes an interface module  2203  as illustrated in  FIG. 23 . The interface module  2203  is configured to send a de-compensation request to a second node to trigger the second node to perform an energy-saving and compensation restoration process. 
     The interface module  2203  is further configured to receive a cell de-compensation response returned from the second node. The enforcement module  2202  performs the energy-saving restoration operation in the coverage restoration process or performs the compensation restoration operation in the coverage restoration process according to the cell de-compensation response. Alternatively the strategy module  2201  is further configured to determine a cell to be finally activated from the cell de-compensation response and an adjustment strategy upon reception of the cell de-compensation response. The interface module  2203  is further configured to send to the second node a cell activation request carrying the cell identifier of the cell to be finally activated. 
     When the apparatus is a compensation node, the interface module  2203  is further configured to send a de-compensation request to an adjacent energy-saving node other than the second node upon reception of a cell activation request. 
     The interface module  2203  is further configured to receive a cell de-compensation failure returned from the second node. 
     When the apparatus is a party receiving a de-compensation request, the strategy module  2201  is further configured to determine whether to agree on restoration from the preset energy-saving and compensation restoration strategies and received narrowed coverage related information upon reception of the de-compensation request and to return a de-compensation response upon agreement on restoration. 
     The interface module  2203  is further configured to return a cell de-compensation failure when restoration is rejected. 
     The interface module  2203  is further configured to receive a cell deactivation request after returning the cell de-compensation response. 
     The apparatus further includes a switch module  2204  configured to switch a user to a target cell to be activated or to admit a switched-in user. 
     In this embodiment, the coverage area energy-saving apparatus and the coverage area restoration apparatus can be the same apparatus which performs an energy-saving function when energy-saving is required and performs a restoration function when restoration is required. The strategy module  2001  and the strategy module  2201  are the same module, the enforcement module  2002  and the enforcement module  2202  are the same module, the interface module  2003  and the interface  2203  are the same module, and the switch module  2004  and the switch module  2204  are the same module. 
     Referring to  FIG. 24 , an OAM entity in this embodiment includes a strategy module  2401  and an interface module  2402 . 
     The strategy module  2401  is configured to determine from preset energy-saving and compensation strategies whether a trigger condition to initiate an energy-saving and compensation process is satisfied. 
     The interface module  2402  is configured to trigger a first node and a second node to perform the energy-saving and compensation process when the energy-saving and compensation process is determined to be initiated. The interface module  2402  is further configured to collect coverage information and load information of the first node and the second node. 
     Particularly the first node is a compensation node, and the second node is an energy-saving node; or the first node is an energy-saving node, and the second node is a compensation node. 
     Referring to  FIG. 25 , an OAM entity in this embodiment includes a strategy module  2501  and an interface module  2502 . 
     The strategy module  2501  is configured to determine from preset energy-saving and compensation restoration strategies whether a trigger condition to initiate a coverage restoration process is satisfied. 
     The interface module  2502  is configured to trigger a first node and a second node to perform the coverage restoration process when the coverage restoration process is determined to be initiated. The interface module  2502  is further configured to collect load information and coverage information of the first node and the second node. 
     Particularly the first node is a compensation node, and the second node is an energy-saving node; or the first node is an energy-saving node, and the second node is a compensation node. 
     The OAM entity in  FIG. 24  and the OAM entity in  FIG. 25  can be the same apparatus which performs an energy-saving function when energy-saving is required and performs a restoration function when restoration is required. The strategy module  2401  and the strategy module  2501  are the same module, and the interface module  2402  and the interface  2502  are the same module. 
     A node in an embodiment of the invention sends a compensation request to another related node when an energy-saving or compensation strategy is satisfied so that the node sending the request and the other related node perform an energy-saving or compensation operation to implement energy-saving and compensation between the nodes. Various implementations are provided in embodiments of the invention, so that a de-energy-saving or restoration process can be initiated by a compensation node, an energy-saving node or an OAM entity, and a forced or negotiation process can be performed between the compensation node and the energy-saving node to accommodate a demand in different scenarios. 
     Those skilled in the art shall appreciate that the embodiments of the invention can be embodied as a method, a system or a computer program product. Therefore the invention can be embodied in the form of an all-hardware embodiment, an all-software embodiment or an embodiment of software and hardware in combination. Furthermore the invention can be embodied in the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer useable storage mediums (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, etc.) in which computer useable program codes are contained. 
     The invention has been described in a flow chart and/or a block diagram of the method, the device (system) and the computer program product according to the embodiments of the invention, it shall be appreciated that respective flows and/or blocks in the flow chart and/or the block diagram and combinations of the flows and/or the blocks in the flow chart and/or the block diagram can be embodied in computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be loaded onto a general-purpose computer, a specific-purpose computer, an embedded processor or a processor of another programmable data processing device to produce a machine so that the instructions executed on the computer or the processor of the other programmable data processing device create means for performing the functions specified in the flow(s) of the flow chart and/or the block(s) of the block diagram. 
     These computer program instructions can also be stored into a computer readable memory capable of directing the computer or the other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory create an article of manufacture including instruction means which perform the functions specified in the flow(s) of the flow chart and/or the block(s) of the block diagram. 
     These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto the computer or the other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are performed on the computer or the other programmable data processing device to create a computer implemented process so that the instructions executed on the computer or the other programmable device provide steps for performing the functions specified in the flow(s) of the flow chart and/or the block(s) of the block diagram. 
     Evidently those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus the invention is also intended to encompass these modifications and variations thereto so long as the modifications and variations come into the scope of the claims appended to the invention and their equivalents.