Abstract:
A lightweight, raised roof edge segmented to accommodate narrow openings for scupper-fed downspouts. The edge&#39;s segments include at least one pair of elongated, inflatable or otherwise fillable, membrane-covered barriers, each of which spans about 20 feet, making it compatible with typical spacings between industrial building downspouts. Retrofitted onto a flat or low pitch roof at the latter&#39;s joint with an exterior wall, the barrier, still in its flattened state, is secured and sealed not only to the roof but also to the wall. So secured, the barrier straddles the joint between them longitudinally. Subsequently filled with gas or solids, the barrier functions as a check dam, collecting and temporarily storing storm water and/or funneling it, via scupper, into a downspout. Barriers with rigid, longitudinally extending, angular peaks also tend to break up and lift high winds, further reducing potential roof damage.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation-in-part application of pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/385,400, filed Feb. 17, 2012, and Ser. No. 13/987,485, filed Jul. 30, 2013. This application is also a non-provisional application of the earlier filed provisional applications, Ser. No. 61/854,766, filed May 1, 2013, and Ser. No. 61/967,322, filed Mar. 17, 2014, and claims the benefit of the filing dates of May 1, 2013, and Mar. 17, 2014, respectively, pursuant to 35 U.S.C. Sec. 119(e). 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a method and system for reducing the degradation of flat or low-pitch roofs as a result of their exposure to the wind and rain and, more particularly, to such a system having an array of raised, membrane-covered barriers which, depending upon where they are mounted on a building relative to the outer periphery of its roof, redirect flows of storm water across it and/or displace high winds upwardly from the roof&#39;s windward side. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    In flat roof structures such as those which are commonly used on industrial buildings, problems arise when water leaks between the roof&#39;s surface and the building&#39;s interior walls. Not only does such leakage damage the building and its roof structurally, but also it can damage materials stored in the building&#39;s interior. 
         [0004]    One remedy is to deploy air- or foam-filled, membrane-covered barriers, such as those taught in my pending U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 13/385,400 and 13/987,485, in such a way that said barriers direct storm water towards the building&#39;s downspouts, as well as prevent it from gaining access to any of a roof&#39;s naturally-occurring recessed areas. Unfortunately, when gutters are used to collect storm water and then feed it into the downspouts, additional problems emerge. Typically, gutters clog easily and require constant maintenance. 
         [0005]    Moreover, high winds can cause the roof membrane to rip, especially at its juncture with a building&#39;s walls. As is well known, high winds give rise to vertical forces which tend to lift the membrane off of a building&#39;s roof. Such forces occur at the roof&#39;s windward edge whenever an air flow across it collides with an upward flow of air formed as a horizontal air flow strikes the building&#39;s upwind side and is then redirected upwardly. 
         [0006]    Also contributing to roof membrane failure is the fact that critical fasteners at the roof deck/exterior building wall joint are continually stressed by discordant movements between the roof deck, as it expands and contracts mostly horizontally, and the wall, which expands and contracts mostly vertically. Indeed, Kelly, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,006,482, teaches that it is the destabilization of these fasteners, when they are used to secure the roof membrane in place, which ultimately leads to roof failure. 
         [0007]    However, rather than seeking remedies whereby roof membrane failure in general can be virtually eliminated, Kelly directs his focus elsewhere. Specifically, he concentrates on improvements which can be used to reduce the extent to which a roof is catastrophically removed during a blow-off. Towards such an end, he teaches that those fasteners otherwise utilized to secure the main roof membrane proximate with the upwind side of the roof deck&#39;s outer edge must be repositioned and calls for them to be separated from said outer edge by a wide span, the width of which is such that those portions of the roof&#39;s upwind side deemed most susceptible to blow-off lie within it. Furthermore, the main roof membrane, no longer attached to these most susceptible portions is to be simply loose laid across them; and a perimeter membrane, separately attached, is to provide weather proofing in its stead. Even the roof covering&#39;s substrate is to be reconfigured so as to accommodate a groove-like “interruption”. Disposed inwardly with respect to said most susceptible portions and extending both longitudinally and generally parallel to the outer edge of the roof&#39;s upwind side, each such “interruption” is provided to insure that, in the event of a roof blow-off, a relatively clean break occurs. 
         [0008]    Nevertheless, the lack of any raised, membrane-covered barriers or the like to mitigate the impacts of storm water and/or wind on roof membranes suggests that, in prior art roof assemblies such as Kelly&#39;s, much has been missed that could have been utilized to substantially reduce the incidence of roof failure whether due to blow-off or otherwise. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    In order to provide advantages such as the elimination of water leakage between a building&#39;s roof and its interior walls, the redirection of storm water flow towards a roof&#39;s scupper-fed, as opposed to gutter-fed, downspouts, and a reduction in wind loads on a roof membrane at its juncture with a roof&#39;s windward edge, a wraparound attachment is effected in which an elongated, compressed air- or solids-fillable, membrane-covered cap is secured and sealed both on top of the roof proximate with one of its outer edges and to an exterior wall which extends downwardly therefrom, with the cap thus secured extending longitudinally along the roof&#39;s outer edge and generally straddling it. 
         [0010]    The elongated cap itself comprises a pair of long and narrow, sheet-like, thermoplastic membranes which are heat welded together along the outer periphery of the upper member of this pair except at its terminal ends. There both the upper and lower membranes are preferably joined to a pair of heat weldable, gusset-like end panels or plugs, each of which, in the assembled cap, is spaced apart from the other by roughly the length of the elongated cap. 
         [0011]    In the case of each such cap which is to be inflated with compressed air or nitrogen, the upper membrane is also equipped with an air or gas filling valve attached thereto by a clamping mechanism which creates an airtight seal between the valve and the membrane. Likewise, each of the heat welded joints between the upper and lower membranes, as well as between each of them and the gusset-like end panels, is to be part of a continuous loop that forms an airtight seal whereever such a joint exists in the individual inflatable cap. With the joints so sealed, the latter defines an airtight member capable of maintaining itself in an inflated state for a significant length of time once it has been filled with compressed air or nitrogen using said valve. 
         [0012]    On the other hand, for those elongated caps which are to be filled with non-gaseous materials such as pre-formed solid particulates or spray foam-generating chemical agents, each of the heat welded joints between the upper and lower membranes, as well as between each of them and the gusset-like end panels, needs only to form a watertight seal. With its joints so sealed, the individual solids-fillable cap defines a watertight pocket. The latter, accessible through a filling port such as a short slot cut in the cap&#39;s upper membrane, can be filled with the use of a wand-like, tubular injector. Once the pocket is full, its watertightness can then be restored by heat welding or otherwise affixing a suitable patch to the upper membrane so as to close off the slot and form a watertight seal about it. 
         [0013]    For both the gas-fillable and solids-fillable embodiments of the elongated cap, the wraparound attachment is accomplished by first securing the cap, in its unfilled state, generally astraddle the roof&#39;s outer edge. So secured, the cap is preferably held in place by mechanical fasteners including first and second termination bars which are mounted generally parallel to the roof&#39;s outer edge and affixed, respectively, to the roof deck and to the building&#39;s exterior wall downwardly of the roof/wall joint. Not only juxtaposed between the first termination bar and the roof deck but also pressed therebetween are portions of the upper and lower membranes. The latter portions extend laterally from one of two longitudinally extending, heat welded joints which bound the cap&#39;s airtight member or, alternately, watertight pocket and are disposed outwardly of it. Likewise, portions of the upper and lower membranes which extend laterally from the second of said longitudinally extending joints and are disposed outwardly of the airtight member/watertight pocket are not only juxtaposed between the second termination bar and the building&#39;s exterior wall but also pressed therebetween. 
         [0014]    In use, each elongated cap, suitably filled with either gas or solids depending upon the design features it embodies, is deployed as one of an array of such caps which extend longitudinally, generally end-to-end but with a narrow spacing between each adjoining pair of caps so that storm water flowing across the roof can gain access to the building&#39;s downspouts via scuppers, the mouths of which are mounted contiguous with the roof&#39;s outer edge. Moreover, the adjoining caps&#39; gusset-like end panels which are situated on either side of said narrow spacing abut opposing side walls of the scupper&#39;s mouth but diverge in a direction away from it, so that storm water from the roof can be funneled directly into the scupper. In addition, the raised profile of each filled cap in the array, strategically positioned as it is along the roof&#39;s outer edge, allows it to function as a check dam to collect and temporarily store storm water and then release it into the scupper, thus, when the storage capacity of said check dam is adequate, eliminating the need for a roof gutter. 
         [0015]    Elongated, gas- or solids-filled caps can also be mounted either singly or in multiples inwardly of a low pitch roof&#39;s lower outer edges and generally parallel thereto. So mounted, these caps function as additional check dams to augment the storm water storage capacity of the caps arrayed contiguous with such an outer edge. In general, the storage capacity of the elongated caps variously deployed on a roof should be based on anticipated rainfall patterns in a given locale. 
         [0016]    On the other hand, in those situations in which it is desirable to expedite the removal of storm water from a roof, three-sided, dome shaped crickets, in combination with an array of elongated, filled caps mounted generally astraddle the roof&#39;s outer edge, can be deployed. Like the caps, each of the crickets comprises a pair of upper and lower sheet-like membranes which are heat welded together along the outer periphery of at least one of them to form an airtight member which can be inflated through an air- or gas-filling valve attached to the upper membrane or, alternately, a watertight pocket which can be filled with non-gaseous materials through a filling port such as a short slot cut in the cricket&#39;s upper membrane and then, once the cricket has been suitably filled, covered with a watertight seal. 
         [0017]    In the preferred embodiment, each such cricket is so configured that, when mounted on the roof inwardly of its outer edge but contiguous with those parts of an elongated, filled cap in said array which, pressed against the roof, are juxtaposed between it and a first termination bar, two of the cricket&#39;s sides can be aligned generally in parallel with the cap&#39;s gusset-like end panels and converge roughly where these two end panels would converge if they, too, were extended far enough inwardly of the roof&#39;s outer edge. Moreover, a combination in which one side of such a three-sided cricket is mounted contiguous with said parts of each elongated, filled cap and in which the other two sides of the cricket are so aligned with the cap&#39;s two end panels can be deployed in multiple units to form funnel-like barriers which together span a low-pitch roof and divert storm water into scuppers mounted contiguous with its lower outer edge. 
         [0018]    Further, for the purpose of causing high winds to detach from the elongated, filled caps deployed along a roof&#39;s windward side so that downwind of the caps, the winds break up, forming eddies rather than creating strong uplift forces capable of destroying the roof&#39;s membrane, each cap preferably defines a longitudinally-extending peak. Such caps capable of holding, an angular, raised profile include those, with upwardly-oriented, generally triangularly-shaped end panels, into which spray foam-generating chemical agents are injected, one layer at a time, until a solidified mass of spray foam, which is generally triangular in transverse cross-section, has been built up. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0019]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an array of elongated, filled caps according to the present invention, the caps, in combination with triangularly-shaped crickets; being shown mounted along a low-pitch roof&#39;s outer edge, with each of the caps secured both to the roof deck and to the upper end of an exterior wall at the roof/wall joint. 
           [0020]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view, on an enlarged scale, of fragmentary end portions of a pair of adjoining elongated, filled caps according to  FIG. 1 , but with the crickets depicted therein omitted for ease of illustration, the caps being shown narrowly spaced apart from each other and in abutment, along their respective triangularly-shaped end panels, with a pair of vertical diverters which are fixedly attached, funnel-like, to a scupper&#39;s opposing side walls at its mouth. 
           [0021]      FIG. 3  is a top perspective view of a fragmentary portion of the array of elongated, filled caps, in combination with triangularly-shaped crickets, according to  FIG. 1 , with arrows being added to show the direction of downward slopes along those sides of each pair of adjoining crickets which converge in the direction of a common scupper&#39;s mouth juxtaposed between adjoining caps with which the crickets are individually paired. 
           [0022]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view, which includes a transverse cross-section also in perspective, of a fragmentary portion of an alternate embodiment of the elongated, filled cap according to the present invention, the cap, which is inflatable, being shown mounted astraddle a roof&#39;s outer edge and secured both to the roof deck and to an exterior wall downwardly of the roof/wall joint. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0023]    In the drawings, a raised roof edge segmented to accommodate narrow openings for scupper-fed downspouts  29  is shown. The edge&#39;s segments include at least one pair of elongated, inflatable or otherwise fillable, membrane-covered barriers. Those indicated generally by the reference numeral  10  are capable of holding a raised profile with a longitudinally-extending peak  15  ( FIGS. 1-3 ). 
         [0024]    Prior to the barrier or cap  10  assuming such a raised profile, or even being secured in place to function as one segment of a raised roof edge, the cap&#39;s skin is preferably assembled off-site and tailored not only to fit the spacing between pairs of downspouts  29  but also to provide means for attaching the skin, while it is still in an unfilled state, along the outer edge of a generally flat or low-pitch roof  13 . Properly attached along the outer edge, the cap  10  generally straddles it longitudinally and forms a continuous watertight seal, proximate with the outer periphery of the cap&#39;s underside, between it and contiguous surfaces on the roof and on the upper end of an exterior wall  21  joined thereto. Furthermore, the distal ends of the skin of each cap  10  are preferably sized and shaped so that they are consistent with the generally angular transverse cross-section which the cap has in its raised profile. 
         [0025]    As illustrated in  FIGS. 1-3 , the cap  10  includes upper and lower membranes  17 ,  18  and generally triangularly-shaped end panels  19 . Sheet-like and fabricated of a thermoplastic material, the membranes  17 ,  18  are affixed to each other along first and second spaced apart, longitudinally extending, heat welded joints except at interfaces between the upper membrane and each of the end panels  19  and between the lower membrane and said end panels. The end panels  19  themselves, also fabricated of a heat weldable material, are likewise so affixed along their respective edges to the upper and lower membranes  17 ,  18  at said interfaces. With each of the heat welded joints between the upper and lower membranes  17 ,  18 , as well as between them and contiguous edges of the end panels  19 , forming a watertight seal, the cap&#39;s skin defines a watertight pocket. 
         [0026]    By so affixing the end panels  19  to the membranes  17 ,  18 , one effectively sizes and shapes the distal ends of the skin of the cap  10  for consistency with the generally triangular transverse cross-section for which the cap, in its raised profile, is designed. Also, by generally orienting the cap&#39;s distal end panels  19  so that, along their respective heat welded joints with the lower membrane  18 , one of them intersects the first longitudinally extending joint between the membranes  17  and  18  at an acute angle and the other intersects it at an obtuse angle, one can form a skin for the cap  10 , which gives it a generally trapezoidally-shaped base, as well as one from which generally triangularly-shaped end panels extend upwardly ( FIG. 3 ). 
         [0027]    By taking advantage of the fact that the unfilled cap  10  generally retains the flexibility of the sheet-like membranes  17 ,  18  from which it is largely constructed, one can secure the cap so that it overlaps the roof&#39;s outer edge and generally straddles it longitudinally. So secured, the cap  10  is preferably held in place by mechanical fasteners including first and second termination bars which, mounted generally parallel to the roof&#39;s outer edge, are affixed, respectively, to the roof deck and to the exterior wall  21  downwardly of the roof/wall joint and housed with watertight encasements  14 ,  16  ( FIG. 2 ). Not only juxtaposed between the first termination bar and the roof deck but also pressed therebetween are portions of the upper and lower membranes  17 ,  18 , which extend laterally from the first longitudinally extending joint and are disposed outwardly of it. Likewise, portions of the membranes  17 ,  18  which extend laterally from the second longitudinally extending joint are not only juxtaposed between the second termination bar and the exterior wall  21  but also pressed therebetween. 
         [0028]    The encasement  14  itself is preferably formed by folding a flap of the upper membrane  17  back and over the first termination bar and securing the flap in place in such a way that a watertight seal is made about the bar. Similarly, the encasement  16  is formed by folding a flap of the lower membrane  18  up and over the second termination bar, prior to creating a watertight seal about it. Each of the flaps employed to forming the encasements  14 ,  16  is an otherwise unused extension of a laterally extending portion of the membrane  17 ,  18  which, instead of being pressed against the roof deck or exterior wall, respectively, remained free of the termination bar. 
         [0029]    Each cap  10 , suitably filled with a solidified mass of spray foam or the like can then be deployed as one of an array of such caps which extend longitudinally, generally end-to-end but with a narrow spacing between each adjoining pair of caps. It is through this narrow spacing that storm water flowing across the roof  13  can gain access to the downspouts via with the roof&#39;s outer edge. Moreover, the adjoining caps&#39; generally triangularly-shaped end panels  19  which are situated on either side of said narrow spacing abut opposing vertical diverters  32 ,  34  fixedly attached to the scupper&#39;s side walls but diverge in a direction away from the scupper. Thus, storm water, immediately after it crosses a connection flange  35  protecting the roof membrane at the scupper&#39;s mouth, can be funneled directly into it ( FIG. 2 ). Downspouts  29  and scuppers  11 , when fabricated of plastic, are preferably heat welded together to form watertight joints; and made of metal, they are mechanically fastened together to insure watertightness. 
         [0030]    In addition, the raised profile of each filled cap  10  in the array, strategically positioned as it is along the roof&#39;s outer edge, allows it to function as a check dam to collect and temporarily store storm water and then release it. 
         [0031]    Moreover, additional caps  10 , mounted inwardly of a low pitch roof&#39;s lower outer edges and generally parallel thereto, can also be used as check dams to augment, temporarily, the storm water storage capacity of the caps arrayed contiguous with such an outer edge. 
         [0032]    To expedite storm water removal from a roof  13 , three-sided, dome shaped crickets  12 , in combination with an array of caps  10  mounted generally astraddle the roof&#39;s outer edge, can be deployed. As described in my pending U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 13/385,400 and 13/987,485, each such cricket  12  can be constructed from a pair of upper and lower sheet-like membranes heat welded together along the outer periphery of at least one of them. The cricket  12 , once it has been fixedly attached along its side edges to the roof deck and sealed to the roof membrane, is then either inflated through an air- or gas-filling valve attached to its upper membrane or filled with non-gaseous materials, such as spray foam-generating chemical agents, through a filling port such as a short slot cut in the assembled cricket&#39;s upper membrane and subsequently covered with a watertight patch and seal. 
         [0033]    Preferably, each cricket  12  is so configured that, when mounted on the roof  13  contiguous with those parts of a filled cap  10  which are pressed against the roof by the first termination bar, the cricket can be oriented in such a way that two of its sides are aligned generally in parallel with the cap&#39;s end panels  19  and converge roughly where these two end panels would converge if they were to be extended inwardly of the roof&#39;s outer edge. By mounting one side of such a three-sided cricket contiguous with said parts of each filled cap  12 , a segmented raised roof edge can be formed which funnels storm water, captured across wide expanses of a low pitch roof  13  between its ridgeline  30  and outer edge, into the scuppers  11  ( FIGS. 1 and 3 ). 
         [0034]    The cap  10 , once its skin is intact and forms a watertight pocket, is preferably built up by injecting spray-foam generating chemical agents, one layer at a time, into the pocket, through a short slot cut in the upper membrane  17 . This injection process, accompanied by the use of plywood sheets or the like strategically placed to mold generally planar surfaces extending longitudinally between the cap&#39;s generally triangularly shaped end panels  19 , is continued until the pocket is substantially filled and occupied by a solidified mass of spray foam having an angular, raised profile consistent with that of the end panels. Subsequently, the short slot filling port is covered and sealed with a watertight patch. 
         [0035]    In addition, caps which are generally trapezoidally-shaped in transverse cross-section across their respective raised profiles can be arrayed, like the caps  10 , to form a segmented raised roof edge. They, too, protect the roof membrane by sealing its ends so as to stop water from leaking under them and between a building&#39;s exterior walls and its interior, by displacing high winds upwardly so that they are less capable of ripping the roof membrane and/or lifting it off of the roof deck, and by temporarily holding the storm water on the roof  13  until it can be funneled towards scuppers  11  and then fed into downspouts  29 . 
         [0036]    As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , an alternate embodiment in the form of an inflatable cap  20  can also function as one segment of a raised roof edge. Unlike its angular counterparts, which are solids filled, the cap  20 , with its gaseous filling, not only can be secured and sealed to a building on both sides of the roof/wall joint but also that portion of the cap wrapped over this joint can be extended downwardly from it a substantial distance. 
         [0037]    The cap  20  itself includes pair of long and narrow, sheet-like thermoplastic membranes  27 ,  28  which are heat welded together along the outer periphery of the upper member  27  except at its terminal ends. So heat welded together, the membranes  27 ,  28  define first and second spaced apart, longitudinally extending joints which, at their respective distal ends are intersected by rounded, gusset-like end panels (not shown), each of which has a curvilinerally-shaped upper edge and base edges which intersect perpendicularly to accommodate surfaces at the roof/wall joint. Each of these rounded end panels, also fabricated of a heat weldable material, is also affixed, by heat welding techniques, along their respective edges to the lower and upper membranes  28 ,  27  wherever the panel edges abut them. 
         [0038]    Outfitted with a charging valve  24  which is attached to the upper membrane  27 , prior to its being heat welded to the lower membrane  28 , so as to form an airtight seal between the valve and the membrane contiguous with it, the cap  20 , once its assembled skin forms an airtight member  25 , is then ready to be secured, but still in its unfilled state, astraddle the roof&#39;s outer edge. So secured, the cap is preferably held in place by first and second termination bars which, housed in watertight encasements  23  and  22 , are mounted generally parallel to the roof&#39;s outer edge and affixed, respectively, to the roof deck and to the building&#39;s exterior wall downwardly of the roof/wall joint. The first termination bar, as it so holds the cap in place, presses portions of the upper and lower membranes  27 ,  28  which extend laterally from the first longitudinally extending joint between itself and the roof deck. Likewise, the second termination bar presses portions of these membranes which extend laterally from the second longitudinally joint against the wall  21 . 
         [0039]    The encasement  23 , which provides protection for the first termination bar, is preferably formed by folding a flap of the upper membrane  27  back and over said bar ( FIG. 4 ). A flap  26  of the lower membrane  28  then remains contiguous with the roof  13  and is sealed to form a watertight barrier with the roof membrane. The encasement  22  for the second termination bar, on the other hand, is formed by folding a flap of the lower membrane  28  up and over the latter bar, forming a watertight seal in the process.