Abstract:
In one aspect, a call distribution in a direct communication network, also designated as a peer-to-peer network is provided. In doing this, the difficulty exists of integrating the call distributing functionality into the peer-to-peer network while retaining the self-organization capability and the fail-safety of existing peer-to-peer networks. To solve for his, items of characteristic information of a number of clients are transmitted to the client carrying out the call distribution, and this client routes an incoming call on the basis of these items of characteristic information.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is the US National Stage of International Application No. PCT/EP2005/054703, filed Sep. 20, 2005 and claims the benefit thereof. The International Application claims the benefits of German application No. 102004055494.3 DE filed Nov. 17, 2004, both of the applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     FIELD OF INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a method and to a communication component for a direct-communication communication network. 
     BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
     In communication arrangements, incoming calls which do not reach the correct receiver directly are forwarded to the correct receiver. This is the case particularly when a caller does not know the “correct” contact, for example in a relatively large company. An incoming call of this kind can then be forwarded automatically to a person or his communication terminal. Such technical facilities for automatic distribution of incoming communication links (calls) are often also to a ACD (Automatic Call Distribution) systems and are used for what are known as call centers (Hotlines). 
     ACD systems comprise either a special supplementary program which is part of a private exchange (communication system, communication node) or else an external appliance (server) which is connected to a communication system and prescribes for the communication system the respective relaying destination (person or his communication terminal) for an incoming call. In this context, the relaying destination is frequently also selected by evaluating information about properties of the incoming call (known as call properties). By way of example, the employees at a call center may have various associated geographical areas; in this case, the associate between the geographical area and an employee is an item of property information. If an incoming call involves the caller&#39;s telephone number being transmitted (Clip function), the ACD system can use the dialing code to determine the origin of the call and, through comparison with stored property information, can determine the accordingly associated employee and hence his communication terminal as the call forwarding destination. Alternatively, the ACD system can also accept an incoming call automatically and, through voice-controlled interrogation which the caller answers using DTMF key selection, for example, can categorize it, that is to say ascertain call properties, until the correct contact or a group of correct contacts can be determined. 
     The document EP 1 237 347 A2 Coussement “Distributed hardware/software system for managing agent status in a communication center” discloses such an ACD system in a circuit-switched communication network. A central facility, known as the “Agent Presence Application”, monitors the resources of employees (agents) and transmits state information obtained in the process to further applications in the communication network which are connected thereto. 
     SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Particularly in the course of the increased use of packet-switched communication networks (VoIP-networks; VoIP=Voice-over-Internet-Protocol), increasing use is being made of direct-communication communication networks. These communication arrangements which are also known as peer-to-peer networks (P2P networks), have the special feature that they operate without a central switching entity (communication system, gatekeeper, or the like). Peer-to-peer networks have primarily become known as what are known as file sharing networks for interchanging files (usually music files or digitized movies) but are also increasingly used for direct voice communication (telephony, video telephony, chat etc). In these peer-to-peer networks, it is not possible to integrate an ACD system into a switching entity (communication system, gatekeeper) because either no central switching entity exists or else an (optionally useable) central entity is not inevitably used for setting up a communication link or forwarding an incoming call. Although it is possible to nominate a communication component—in peer-to-peer networks these are also called “clients”—as a central contact, that is to say as a call destination, for incoming calls and to provide this contact with an ACD function, this conflicts with the peer-to-peer concept because the creation and compulsory use of such a central entity lose the flexibility inherent in peer-to-peer networks and the capability of self-organization. Furthermore, the redundancy inherent in peer-to-peer networks no longer exists because if this central entity fails then the ACD function is no longer present until another entity is administrated as central call destination and an ACD function is set up in it. 
     It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the forwarding of incoming calls in direct-communication communication networks and to reduce the administration complexity for direct-communication communication networks. 
     The object is achieved for the method and for the communication component by the features of the independent claims. 
     The solution provides a method for forwarding an incoming call on a first client to a second in a plurality of further clients in a direct-communication communication network, in which the second client is selected from the plurality of further clients, the selection is made by the first client, the selection is made using property information which is respectively associated with the further clients and which is available in the first client, and in which the call is forwarded to the selected instances of the further clients. An advantage of this method is that the function of an ACD system is provided by the “equal-authority” components in a direct-communication communication network, with a central entity not being required and hence the existing functionality being maintained even if individual entities or clients (communication components) fail. 
     The solution also provides a communication component for a direct-communication communication network, having a forwarding function for forwarding an incoming call to one of a plurality of further communication components, where the communication component has memory means for storing its own property information and further property information from the further communication components, is provided with a retrieval device for retrieving the property information from further communication components, comprises a detection device for detecting at least one call property associated with the incoming call, has a selection device for relating the property information to the at least one call property, where the selection device is set up to select those of the communication components whose property information has a match with the call property, and comprises transmission means for transmitting its own property information to the further communication components. A communication component of this kind in a direct-communication communication network may either be a forwarding entity or form the forwarding destination. Such a communication component is able to detect the property information from other communication components and to take it into account for selecting the forwarding destination, and furthermore also provides its own property information for the other communication components in the same communication network. The use of such communication components also allows the function of an ACD system to be mapped in direct-communication communication networks without a central entity. 
     The inventive method is advantageously refined further by the features of the dependent patent claims. The features and advantages described therein also apply mutatis mutandis to the inventive communication component. 
     If the further clients respectively provide their associated property information for retrieval, and before the selection by the first client, this property information is retrieved from the further clients, the manual administration of the property information in each client forwarding a call is dispensed with. In this case, the step of “retrieval” can be dispensed with if the further clients automatically transmit their associated property information to the first client. In this context, the property information is always present in a current version in the first client if the property information is repeated under time control and/or, in the event of a change in the property information, is transmitted to the first client. 
     The network load in the communication network can be reduced by virtue of the property information being transmitted selectively and only when required. In this regard, the property information is advantageously retrieved by sending an interrogation message with at least one search term from the first client to at least one of the further clients. 
     The communication network also allows the use of clients which do not have their own option for storing and transmitting their own property information. In this regard, advantageously, at least one of the further clients contains the associated property information from a plurality of or all further clients available for retrieval. Another advantage of this practice is that the property information from a plurality of clients can be transmitted collectively, that is to say in a single transmission step 
     Errors when forwarding calls are reduced or even prevented by virtue of the property information having, at least in part, an associated maximum validity period, and such property information whose maximum validity period has expired not being used for selection and/or being retrieved again from the further clients associated with this property information. In this context, the “knowledge” required for selection is distributed over the clients in the communication network, so that central data management of the property information is not required. 
     The destination for forwarding an incoming call can be determined more precisely by virtue of, for the selection, at least one call property associated with the incoming call being evaluated. In this context, the network load for transmitting property information is reduced further by virtue of the search term being formed, at least in part, from the call property. Simple and at the same time effective selection of the destination client is possible if a telephone number associated with the incoming call is used as associated call property. 
     When calls are repeatedly received from the same caller or in the same subject area, renewed forwarding to the same destination client is insured by virtue of the forwarding involving the at least one call property associated with the incoming call and information about the selected client (destination client) being stored, and a subsequent further incoming call with at least one identical or similar associated call property involving the use of the stored information to forward this subsequent call to the same selected client. 
     When an incoming call arrives at any of the available clients, it suffices if a client is used either as a first client or as one of the further clients. This furthermore improves the redundancy, because if a first client fails then one of the further clients can be used as first client. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Exemplary embodiments of the inventive method are explained below with reference to the drawings and simultaneously serve as an exemplary embodiment of a communication component based on the invention. 
       In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  shows a schematic illustration of a direct-communication communication network with communication components, where arrows are used to show the signaling sent in order to forward an incoming call, 
         FIG. 2  shows a schematic illustration of the call properties of an incoming call, and 
         FIG. 3  shows a schematic illustration of the property information from a client (communication component). 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION 
       FIG. 1  schematically shows a direct-communication communication network P2P (Peer-to-Peer) which contains the clients C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 . The clients C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4  are formed by communication components (IP telephone, multimedia PC, PDA, WLAN terminal, smart phone or the like), with client C 1  being a communication component with a voice mail server functionality (telephone answering machine function), clients C 2  and C 3  being multimedia PCs (computer with a telephony function), and client C 4  being a IP phone (VoIP telephone). In this arrangement, the clients C 2 , C 3  and C 4  are associated with the employees at a call center who are associated with different responsibilities and are intended to handle calls from external customers. A further communication component K 2 , which is likewise arranged in the communication network P2P is not part of the workgroup. The Communication component K 1  is shown in  FIG. 1  as a representative of an unlimited number of external communication components and, in this exemplary embodiment, represents the communication terminal of a customer who is calling the hotline formed by the clients C 1 , C 2 , C 3  and C 4 . The arrows shown in  FIG. 1  symbolize signaling messages S 1 , S 2 A, S 2 B, S 2 C, S 3 A, S 3 B, S 3 C, S 4  which are interchanged between the communication components or the clients formed thereby in order to relay a call. 
     The text below refers to  FIG. 1  to show the forwarding of a call which is sent from the communication component K 1  to the client C 2  in the direct-communication communication network P2P. To reach the workgroup which form the “hotline”, the communication component K 1  sends a signaling message S 1  to a gateway which connects the communication network P2P to a public communication network (not shown here). In the communication network P2P, this gateway function is performed by the client C 2  (“gateway peer”). In this case, the other clients C 1 , C 3  and C 4  may also have such gateway functionality and hence likewise receive calls from an external communication network. 
     The signaling message S 1  is evaluated by the client C 2 , and it is established that the destination communication address, that is to say the dialed telephone number, does not identify a specifically stated client in the communication network P2P, but rather is the “hotline number” of the work group. In addition, the signaling message S 1  reveals the “sender&#39;s telephone number”, that is to say the sender&#39;s communication address of the communication terminal K 1 . This information, which in this case is referred to as call properties, is extracted from the signaling message S 1  by a detection device in the client C 2 , is buffer-stored and is supplied to a selection device in the client C 2 , which device is intended to select the ultimate call destination, that is to say the intended client, for a forwarding function. 
     The call properties transmitted with the signaling message S 1  are shown schematically in  FIG. 2 . In this case, the telephone number +49123 is indicated in a first data field and the destination telephone number +49456 of the “hotline” is indicated in a further data field. Advantageously, such a signaling message S 1  also already stores head words regarding objective contents related to the call. This naturally presupposes that the communication component K 1  can also handle (e.g. with an input option) and send such head words. Such objective information regarding contents (known as meta-information) is then also used by the clients C 2  or its selection device to select a call destination. Alternatively or in addition, the call may also be initially accepted by the client C 2 , with the caller requesting appropriate information, for example by means of synthetic voice output in an interactive dialog. Technical facilities for this are often referred to as “interactive voice response” systems in the literature. 
     In the present exemplary embodiment, it is assumed for the purposes of simplification that just the sender&#39;s telephone number +49123 of the communication component K 1  is used as a call property to decide about the call destination. In many cases, however, it is more advantageous to decide on the basis of subject areas (capabilities, “skills”). 
     The selection device in the client C 2  now uses a progress memory, which stores information about preceding switching processes, to check whether a call with the sender&#39;s telephone number +49123 has actually been relayed to one of the clients C 2 , C 3  and C 4  in the past (in this case: within the last two weeks). This is not the case; otherwise, the preferred relaying destination (forwarding destination) for this call would be the relevant communication component (client) which has already been selected beforehand. 
     In a subsequent, step, the selection device checks whether a memory in the client C 2  contains property information about one of the clients C 2 , C 3 , C 4  which correlates to the detected call properties. Since this is not the case either, the client C 2  sends interrogation messages S 2 A, S 2 B, S 2 C to the clients C 1 , C 3  and C 4 . The interrogation messages S 2 A, S 2 B, S 2 C can, as in the present exemplary embodiment, be sent individually to the clients C 1 , C 3  and C 4 , whose communication addresses are known to the client C 2 . Alternatively, it is also possible to send a “broadcast message” as an interrogation message, which in this case would reach all clients or communication component in the communication network P2P. 
     As a search term, the interrogation messages S 2 A, S 2 B, S 2 C comprise the telephone number +49123 of the communication component K 1 , that is to say a call property of the call which is to be forwarded. The clients C 1  and C 3  respond to the interrogation message with response messages S 3 A, S 3 C, which comprise data records containing property information (“information about oneself”). The response message S 3 A reveals that the communication component uses the client C 1  to provide a voice mail function for calls which cannot or cannot yet be accepted by one of the clients C 2 , C 3 , C 4 . The client C 4  which is formed by a simple IP telephone, is not able to generate a response message for the interrogation message S 2 B. The client C 3  responds with the response message S 3 C, which comprises two data records. The first data record E 14  (“property information  4 ”)—not shown here—comprises property information from the client C 4 . A terminal which is represented by a representative (“proxy”) is also referred to as a “virtual peer” in this case. 
     A further data record E 13 , which is shown schematically in  FIG. 3 , comprises the property information from the client C 3 . In this case, the data field C 1 _N stores the name “Agent 3” for the client  3 . The data field C 1 _S records the status “BUSY; 65SEC; 30SEC” (that is to say the client C 3  has been busy for 65 seconds; this information has a maximum validity of 10 seconds). Hence, while the status represents comparatively “short-lived” information and therefore has low validity, the rest of the information has a longer or even—as in this example—unlimited “life”. 
     The data field C 1 _C comprises information about the subject areas CONTENT_X, CONTENT_Y of the case handler who is using the appliance Client C 3 . Finally, the data field C 1 _H contains a list of the last “customer contacts” of the client C 3 , each of these entries having the telephone number (sender&#39;s telephone), the subject area and the data/time information for the contact associated with it. The property information from the clients C 1 , C 3 , C 4  which is received with the response messages S 3 A, S 3 C is stored by the client C 2  as well as its own property information—client C 2  is not only a “Gateway Peer” but also a workstation for an employee with similarly associated property information. In this case, the stored information can also be evaluated for further, future forwarding operations, provided that the maximum validities associated with the property information (elements) have not expired. Equally, the property information obtained in this manner can also be made available to clients. 
     The property information obtained in this manner is then related to the call properties taken from the signaling message S 1  by the selection device. This involves deciding that client C 3  is, on the basis of the past contact with the same customer (entry from data field C 1 _A), the most suitable forwarding destination for the incoming call, but cannot accept the call (yet) on account of its “BUSY” status. Therefore, the call is forwarded to the client C 1  (Voice-Mail-Server) by the forwarding function of client C 2  using the signaling message S 4 , the signaling message S 4  comprising, for the voice mail server of the clients C 1 , the instruction to pipe waiting music into the associated call and, after a stipulated waiting time (in this case: 30 seconds; this corresponds to the validity period for the status information in the property information E 13 ), to return the call to the client C 2  for a fresh relaying attempt. In this context, meanwhile “expired” property information (in this case: status) is automatically rerequested by the client C 2 . Alternatively, the client C 3  may also be set to report status changes automatically to the client C 2 , to which property information has already been transmitted with the signaling message S 3 C, of course. The property information may also contain the information about whether the respective client (at present) is or is intended to be part of the (or of a particular) ACD group (Hotline). This is particularly advantageous when the interrogation message is sent as broadcast message or multicast message. The ACD group can then be formed “spontaneously” without manual administration. 
     The above configuration can be expanded by any number of clients. Hence, the number of clients with a forwarding function, that is to say gateway peers with an ACD function, for example, is also not limited. In this case, it is fundamental that the resources, that is to say both information (in this case: the property information) and the switching entities, are not concentrated on or limited to individual components (appliances, clients, server, gateway) but rather are available and can be found “in distributed form” in the network, which allows even load distribution and a high level of failsafety (redundancy). In this context, it is possible, in principle, for any communication component to have both client and server functionalities; these are also therefore referred to as “Servents”.