Abstract:
The present invention refers to a method for eliminating silicon or silicon compounds that are contained in alumina based materials without destroying such alumina based materials allowing for their reutilization, its main application is being the regeneration of alumina based catalyst contaminated with silicon, which are used in hydro-treating processes in the oil industry for sulfur elimination and silicon removal from process streams. It is important to note that the procedures and/or conventional methods known so far for the elimination and removal of silicon contained in alumina based materials, use inorganic acids or their mixture in a digestion process which modifies the properties of alumina and of any other element contained in the material, thus destroying the alumina and disabling their reutilization. The non-destructive method of the present invention is characterized by the fact that an extraction agent depolymerize the silicon compounds deposited in alumina based materials, with no modification of the properties of the alumina based material and with no substantial modification of other materials o or on the metal content present in the alumina based material. The extraction agent used is an alcohol, preferably a polyol and more preferably glycerol, which is available needless of high grade of purity for its use. The silicon contained in alumina based materials, in which the non-destructive method of the present invention is used, is preferably found in inorganic structures such as oxide or silanol: Si—(OX) 4 (X═Al, H, Si) and/or as organosilanes structures: (OX) 3 —Si—CH 3  and/or (CH 3 ) 2 —Si—(OX) 2 (X═H, Si), both are depolymerized when this removal method is used.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    This invention provides a process for the elimination of silicon and/or silicon compounds contained in alumina based materials, without destroying the alumina based material thus allowing for reusing it, while the main application of this process is the regeneration of silicon contaminated alumina based catalysts that are used in hydrotreating processes for the elimination of sulfur and silicon form hydrocarbon streams in the oil industry. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    There are varying procedures and/or methods already known that lead to eliminate silicon contained in alumina based materials, such as:
       a) The U.S. Pat. No. 4,239,735 which removes impurities from aluminas by solubilizing its contaminants and leaving the alumina in an insoluble phase. This is achieved by mixing kaolinite with at least 36 wt % of hydrochloride acid for dissolving impurities and converting the aluminum to insoluble aluminum chloride;   b) The U.S. Pat. No. 4,304,575 describes a way where silica particles can be dissolved by heating with an alkaline solution thus settling them and creating bigger particles creating a silica sol where most of the particles have a much bigger size as they have before the process;   c) The U.S. Pat. No. 4,560,541 refers to a method for eliminating soluble and non-soluble impurities, mainly sodium hydroxide and silica, by a reaction with stoichiometric amounts of hydrochloric acid in order to produce a reaction product such as chloride aluminum and aluminum chloride hexahydrate. After water addition, the solution is separated in order to eliminate insoluble impurities such as silica;   d) The U.S. Pat. No. 4,973,462 which describes a process for producing high purity silica by the direct addition of an alkaline silicate aqueous solution (water glass) to a mineral acid solution such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid, in order to dissolve the impurities in the mineral acid solution and produce a silica precipitate; and   e) The U.S. Pat. No. 5,242,670 that details a process for the digestion of an inorganic silica/alumina matrix in order to produce silicon tetrafluoride and aluminum fluoride, in which the tetrafluoride in the gas phase or in solution contains aluminum fluoride and some other non-converted oxides.       
 
         [0008]    It is important to note that the conventional procedures and/or methods already known for eliminating or removing silicon contained in alumina based materials such as those already referred here above, use inorganic acids or their mixture in a digestion step, thus producing modification of the alumina and any other element herein contained, thus destroying and avoiding for reusing the alumina based material. 
         [0009]    The technologies known by the applicant are now overwhelmed by means of the process of this invention, which leads to eliminate silicon and/or silicon compounds contained in alumina based materials giving no destruction of the alumina based material, thus allowing for the alumina based material to be reused, the main application is the regeneration of silicon contaminated alumina based catalysts which are used in hydrotreating processes of the oil industry for sulfur elimination and silicon removal from hydrocarbon streams. 
         [0010]    Therefore, a subject matter of the present invention is to provide a non destructive process for the elimination of silicon and/or silicon compounds that are contained in alumina based materials, giving no destruction of the alumina based material, thus allowing for the alumina based material to be reused. 
         [0011]    Another subject matter of the present invention is to provide a non-destructive process for the break down and elimination of silicon and/or silicon compounds that are contained in alumina based materials, mainly employed for the regeneration of alumina based catalysts, used as silicon traps in hydrotreating processes of the oil industry, preferable in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) processes of naphthas produced in a delayed coking process (coker naphthas). 
         [0012]    Another subject matter of the present invention, is to provide a non-destructive process for silicon break down and elimination of silicon and/or silicon compounds that are contained in alumina based materials, which break down the silicon compounds found as inorganic structures, as oxide or silanols: Si—(OX) 4 (X═Al, H, Si) and/or as organic structures as organosilanes: (OX) 3 —Si—CH 3  and/or (CH 3 ) 2 —Si—(OX) 2 (X═H, Si), without modifying the properties of the alumina based material. 
         [0013]    Additionally, another subject matter of the present invention, is to provide a non-destructive process for silicon break down and elimination and/or silicon compounds that are contained in alumina based materials, using an extraction agent that selectively break down the silicon compounds that are present in alumina based materials, without modifying substantially other materials or metals that might be present in such alumina based material. 
         [0014]    These and other subject matters of the present invention will be established with more clarity and detail in the next chapters. 
       SUMMARY OF DRAWINGS 
       [0015]      FIG. 1  shows the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of  29 Si present in the contaminated catalyst of Table No. 1 (which contains 10 wt % silicon) as well as for the regenerated catalyst from Example 8 (which contains 3.6 wt % silicon). 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0016]    This invention provides a process that leads to the elimination of silicon or silicon compounds contained in alumina based materials, with no destruction of such alumina based materials, thus allowing for such alumina based material to be reused, while the main application of this process is the regeneration of alumina based catalysts. It is important to mention that the said catalysts are used for sulfur and silicon elimination from process streams in hydotreating processes in the oil industry preferably in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of naphthas produced in the delayed coking process (coker naphthas). 
         [0017]    The non-destructive process of this invention consists of the following steps a) mix the alumina based material or a mixture of materials that contains silicon in which can be extrudates, crushed particles or powder, with an extraction agent, preferably an alcohol, in a temperature range between 10 to 300° C., for a period of time from 10 min to 96 h; b) by means of centrifugation, decantation or filtration separate the mixture that contains the solid, the extraction liquid and of dissolved silica; c) wash the recovered solid using water and/or alcohol and/or an 1 to 35 wt % ammonium hydroxide solution; and d) dry the recovered solid. 
         [0018]    The non destructive process of the present invention is used with alumina based materials that might contain among others the following chemical elements or mixtures of them: V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt and Au. 
         [0019]    The silicon contained in the alumina base material might be found either under the inorganic form as an oxide and a silanol: Si—(OX)4(X═Al, H, Si) or under the organic form as organosilanes: (OX) 3 —Si—CH 3  and/or (CH 3 ) 2 —Si—(OX) 2 (X═H, Si), both structures are broken down upon this process. 
         [0020]    The extraction agent used to mix with the solid alumina based material that contains silicon is an alcohol such as a polyol, more preferably glycerol, which exhibits the most suitable properties allowing for a selective extraction of the silicon by decomposing the silicon compounds present in such alumina based materials without modification of the properties of the alumina based material neither modification of other materials or metals that might be present in the alumina based material, which is due to the fact that the glycerol breaks down the silicon compounds deposited in the surface of the alumina based material thus producing a silica gel compound which is extracted from the alumina based material. 
         [0021]    For the step a) mixing of the non destructive process of this invention, the reaction is carried out at a temperature preferably between 160-280° C., during a period of time, preferably, 1 to 18 h. 
         [0022]    The washing step is carried out preferably with distillated water and/or methanol and/or a 1 to 35 wt % ammonium hydroxide solution, more preferably with a 35 wt % ammonium hydroxide solution. 
         [0023]    The described process might be carried out either in a batch with or without stirring or in a continuous packed bed reactor, from pressures from 0.5 to 60 kg/cm 2 . 
         [0024]    Using a reactor in a continuous flow packed bed reactor, the non destructive process of this invention has the following steps: a) pack the reactor with the solid material or the mixture of solid materials which contain silicon, which might be packed as extrudates, crushed particles or powder, and adjust the pressure to 0.5 to 60 kg/cm 2 , then increase the temperature up to the reaction temperature, then start feeding the extraction agent, preferably glycerol, at a flow rate of 1 to 500 mL/h per gram of solid and maintain such conditions for 1 to 36 h; b) stop feeding the extraction agent and let the system to cool down; c) wash the solid material by feeding an alcohol such as methanol at a rate of 1 to 500 mL/h per gram of solid, preferably 1 to 160 mL/h, for 30 min to 24 h, stop feeding alcohol and let the system to cool down to 10 to 25° C., adjust pressure to 0.5 to 1 60 kg/cm 2 , and d) dry the recovered solid. 
         [0025]    Following the non destructive process of this invention in a continuous flow packed bed tubular reactor, pressurization and cooling should be done preferably using nitrogen. 
       EXAMPLES 
       [0026]    In order to have a better understanding on the present invention and without limiting the scope of it, some useful examples are described hereafter. 
       Example 1 
       [0027]    A sample of a used and silicon contaminated catalyst obtained from a hydro-treatment industrial plant that process a coker naphtha feed was analyzed for determining silicon, coke, molybdenum and nickel contents thus producing the following results as shown in Table 1: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Chemical analysis and TSA (BET method) of a used catalysts recovered 
               
               
                 from a hydrotreating plant processing a coker naphtha feed. 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Mo:Ni (wt:wt) ratio 
                 Silicon as Si, wt % 
                 Coke as C, wt % 
                 TSA m 2 /g 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5.2 
                 10 
                 3.1 
                 116 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0028]    4 g of this used catalyst was crushed to an average particle size of 60 mesh and mixed with 200 mL of glycerol in a batch reactor, then heated up from 15° C. to 260° C. under stirring at 100 rpm during 6 hours, then cooled down to 100° C., and the solid phase was separated from the glycerol by centrifugation and washed with 200 mL of a 35 wt % of ammonium hydroxide solution. Finally, the solid was oven dried at a temperature of about 60° C. for 8 hours. The solid was analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Absorption thus determining that the silicon content decreased in 48 wt % w.r.t. that of the used catalyst (10 wt %). 
       Example 2 
       [0029]    4 g of the used catalyst from Example 1 was crushed to an average particle size of 60 mesh and mixed with 80 ml glycerol in a batch reactor, then heated up from 15° C. to 220° C. under stirring at 100 rpm during 2 hours, then cooled down to 130° C., and the solid phase was separated from the glycerol by centrifugation and washed with 120 mL of a 35 wt % ammonium hydroxide solution. Finally the solid was oven dried at a temperature of about 60° C. for 7 hours. The solid was analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Absorption thus determining that the silicon content decreased in 31 wt % w.r.t. that of the used catalyst from Example 1 (10 wt %). By atomic absorption a Mo/Ni ratio of 5.5 was determined for this catalyst, which indicates that the total amount of metals was not substantially modified. 
       Example 3 
       [0030]    4 g of the used catalyst of Example 1 was crushed to an average particle size of 60 mesh and mixed with 200 mL of glycerol in a batch reactor, then heated up from 15° C. to 220° C. under stirring at 100 rpm during 6 hours, then cooled down to 130° C., and the solid phase was separated from the glycerol by centrifugation and washed with 200 mL of a 35 wt % ammonium hydroxide solution. Finally the solid was oven dried at 60° C. for 7 hours. This solid was analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Absorption thus determining that the silicon content decreased in 39 wt % w.r.t. the silicon contained in the used catalyst from Example 1 (10 wt %). 
       Example 4 
       [0031]    1 g of the catalyst of Example 1 was crushed to an average particle size of 100 mesh and mixed with 50 mL of glycerol in a batch reactor, then heated up from 15° C. to 250° C. under stirring at 100 rpm during 4 hours, then cooled down to 160° C., and the solid phase was separated from the glycerol by centrifugation and washed with 100 mL distilled water. Finally, the solid was oven dried at a temperature of about 60° C. for 10 hours. This solid was analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Absorption thus determining that the silicon content decreased in 27 wt % w.r.t. the silicon contained in the used catalyst from Example 1 (10 wt %). 
       Example 5 
       [0032]    1 g of the catalyst of Example 1 was crushed to an average particle size of 60 mesh and mixed with 50 mL of glycerol in a batch reactor, then heated up from 15° C. to 250° C. under stirring at 100 rpm during 4 hours, then cooled down to 160° C., and the solid phase was separated from the glycerol by centrifugation and washed with 100 mL of 35 wt % ammonium hydroxide solution. Finally, the solid was oven dried at a temperature of about 80° C. for 6 hours. This solid was analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Absorption thus determining that the silicon content decreased in 35 wt % w.r.t. the silicon contained in the used catalyst from Example 1 (10 wt %). 
       Example 6 
       [0033]    4 g of the catalyst of Example 1 was mixed with 200 mL of glycerol in a batch reactor, then heated up from room temperature to 260° C. under stirring at 100 rpm during 6 hours, then cool down to 100° C., and the solid phase was separated from the liquid phase by decantation and dispersed once again in 200 ml of glycerol, heated up from room temperature to 260° C. under stirring at 100 rpm for 4 hours, cooled down to 80° C., and the solid was separated from the glycerol by decantation and washed with 300 mL of a 35 wt % ammonium hydroxide solution. Finally, the solid was oven dried at a temperature of about 60° C. for 8 hours. This solid was analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Absorption thus determining that the silicon content decreased in 53 wt % w.r.t. the silicon contained in the used catalyst from Example 1 (10 wt %). 
       Example 7 
       [0034]    4 g of the catalyst of Example 1 was mixed with 200 mL of glycerol in a batch reactor, then heated up from room temperature to 250° C. under stirring at 100 rpm during 5 hours, then left to cool down to 120° C., and the solid phase was separated from the glycerol by decantation and once again mixed with 200 mL more glycerol, heated up from room temperature to 250° C. under stirring at 100 rpm for 5 hours, left to cool down to 90° C., separated from the liquid phase by decantation and washed with 300 mL of distillated water. Finally, the solid was oven dried at a temperature of about 60° C. for 10 hours. This solid was analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Absorption thus determining that the silicon content decreased to 5.3 wt %, let say 47% lower w.r.t. the silicon contained in the used catalyst from Example 1 (10 wt %). 
       Example 8 
       [0035]    4 g of the catalyst of Example 1 in the extrudated form was mixed with 200 mL of glycerol in a batch reactor, then heated up from room temperature to 260° C. under stirring at 100 rpm during 6 hours, then cooled down to 130° C., and the solid was separated from the liquid phase by decantation and once again dispersed in 200 mL of glycerol, heated up from room temperature to 260° C. under stirring at 100 rpm for 6 hours, left to cool down to 80° C., separated from the liquid phase by decantation and washed with 300 mL of distillated water. Finally, the solid was oven dried at a temperature of about 60° C. for 8 hours. This solid was analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( FIG. 1 ) and Atomic Absorption thus determining that the silicon content decreased to 3.6 wt %, let say 64% lower w.r.t. the silicon contained in the used catalyst from Example 1 (10 wt %). 
         [0036]      FIG. 1  presents the Nuclear Magnetic resonance spectra for the used catalyst of example 1 and the regenerated catalyst of Example 8. The  29 Si resonance bands in the used catalyst (containing 10 wt % silicon) are much more intense than in the regenerated catalyst (containing 3.6 wt % silicon). The amount of silicon presented in both materials is proportional to the area under the curve. On the other side, the main resonance band at −105-110 ppm is formed by the contribution of Si—(OSi) 4  species and X—O—Si—(OSi) 3  links (where X═Al or H). It can be observed that the position (chemical displacement) of this band is displaced to a lower energy field in the regenerated catalyst of Example 8 compared to the used catalyst of Example 1 thus showing that Si—(OSi) 4  species are eliminated. Moreover, the band at −67.2 ppm produced by organic silicon CH 3 —Si—(OX) 3 (X═H, Si) disappeared in the regenerated catalyst. 
       Example 9 
       [0037]    7 g of the catalyst of Example 1 was crushed and sieved to an average particle size of 40 mesh, then packed in a tubular reactor and pressurized to 0.8 kg/cm 2  with nitrogen, heated up from room temperature to 180° C., at a rate of 60° C./min, then glycerol was fed at a rate of 210 mL/h while increasing temperature up to 260° C. at a rate of 60° C./h and a pressure of 0.8 kg/cm 2 , maintaining such conditions for 6 hours, switched feeding from glycerol to nitrogen, cool down from 260° C. to 100° C., at a rate of 180° C./h, increase pressure to 5 kg/cm 2 , then feed methanol at a rate of 140 mL/h for 2 hours, then cool down to room temperature and low pressure to atmospheric pressure. The solid was recovered and oven dried at 100° C. for 5 hours. This solid was analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Absorption thus determining that the silicon content decreased to 6.5 wt %, let say 36% lower w.r.t. the silicon contained in the used catalyst from Example 1 (10 wt %). 
       Example 10 
       [0038]    7 g of the used catalyst of Example 1 was crushed to particles of 60 mesh size and packed into a continuous flow tubular reactor, increase pressure to 25 kg/cm 2  using nitrogen, then follow the same steps as for Example 9, the glycerol feed being at 70 mL/h, then keep the same pressure and temperature for 10 h. The obtained solid was analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and by Atomic Absorption, thus determining that the silicon content decreased in 51.3 wt % w.r.t. the silicon contained in the used catalyst from Example 1 (10 wt %). 
       Example 11 
       [0039]    7 g of used catalyst of Example 1 was crushed to particles of 60 mesh size and packed into a continuous flow tubular reactor, then the pressure was increased up to 50 kg/cm 2  using Nitrogen, then following the steps as for example 9, the glycerol was fed at a rate of 70 mL/h, and the temperature was increased up to 200° C., at a rate of 60° C./h, then same pressure and temperature were kept for 30 hours. The solid obtained was analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and by Atomic Absorption, thus determining that the silicon content was 24.3 wt % of the silicon contained in the used catalyst in Example 1 (10 wt %). 
         [0040]    In order to visualize better the advantages of the non-destructive method of the present invention, Table 2 summarizes the results reported in Examples 1 to 11, which are shown in an illustrative manner but not restrictive. 
         [0041]    The results of Table 2 show that the non-destructive method of the present invention produces a higher silicon (Si) elimination (up to 64% of Si) from the contaminated catalyst when a batch reactor and sequential treatments are used, compared to a packed bed continuous flow tubular reactor (elimination up to 51.3% of Si) or a batch reactor and a single step treatment (elimination up to 48% of Si). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE No. 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Results of examples for Silicon (Si) removal from a used catalyst that 
               
               
                 contains 10 wt % Si, 
               
               
                 obtained from a hydrotreating plant processing coker naphthas. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 % Silicon (Si) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Silicon 
                 eliminated 
               
               
                 Regenerated 
                   
                 (Si), 
                 from used 
               
               
                 Catalyst 
                 Reactor type/treatments 
                 wt % 
                 catalyst 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Used 
                 10 
                 0 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Regenerated Catalysts 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Example 1 
                 Batch/single treatment 
                 5.20 
                 48.00 
               
               
                 Example 2 
                 Batch/single treatment 
                 6.90 
                 31.00 
               
               
                 Example 3 
                 Batch/single treatment 
                 6.10 
                 39.00 
               
               
                 Example 4 
                 Batch/single treatment 
                 7.30 
                 27.00 
               
               
                 Example 5 
                 Batch/single treatment 
                 6.50 
                 35.00 
               
               
                 Example 6 
                 Batch, two sequential treatments 
                 4.70 
                 53.00 
               
               
                 Example 7 
                 Batch, two sequential treatments 
                 5.30 
                 47.00 
               
               
                 Example 8 
                 Batch, two sequential treatments 
                 3.60 
                 64.00 
               
               
                 Example 9 
                 Continuous flow 
                 6.45 
                 35.50 
               
               
                 Example 10 
                 Continuous flow 
                 4.87 
                 51.30 
               
               
                 Example 11 
                 Continuous flow 
                 7.57 
                 24.30 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0042]    In order to show the applicability of the non destructive process of the present invention, the Example 12 was done: 
       Example 12 
       [0043]    0.5 g of used catalyst of Example 1 was crushed to particles of 60 mesh size and mixed with 25 mL water and refluxed for 90 min. Afterwards, the solid was filtered and 25 mL of ethanol were added then reflux for 20 minutes. The solid was filtered and dried at 60° C. The solid was analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and by Atomic Absorption, thus determining that the silicon content was 8.3 wt % of the silicon contained in the used catalyst in Example 1 (10 wt %). 
         [0044]    In comparison with the previous results reported in Examples 1 to 11, Example 12 leads to show the following relevant aspects of the non-destructive method of this invention:
       a) Advantages are when this process is carried out in a batch reactor with or without stirring or under a continuous flow under or without pressure, since this method eliminates up to 64 wt % of the initially silicon (Si) contained in the used catalyst when a batch reactor an two sequential treatments are used, it eliminates up to 51.3 wt % Si when a continuous flow packed bed reactor is used and up to 48 wt % Si is eliminated when a batch reactor and a single treatment are used.   b) The importance of each of the stages that are part of the method of the present invention as well as the operating conditions that take place.   c) The properties of the extraction agent that is used, preferably an alcohol such as a polyol, and more preferably glycerol, in order to selectively break down the silicon compounds that are present in the alumina based materials, producing no substantial modification of the content of other materials or metals that are present in the alumina based material.       
 
         [0048]    In order to show the catalytic activity of the regenerated catalysts produced by the non-destructive method of the present invention, the following tests were done: 
       Example 13 
       [0049]    A sample of fresh hydrotreating catalyst (the corresponding fresh catalyst of the used catalyst of Example 1), was subject to a chemical analysis thus obtaining a Mo/Ni molar ratio of 5.2, the silicon and carbon content was nil. The Total Surface Area (BET Method) was 307 m 2 /g. This catalyst was crushed into particles of size 60 mesh, packed in a tubular reactor and sulfided with a CS 2  -naphtha feed containing 0.5 wt % S under the following conditions: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Stabilization time 
                 16 h 
               
               
                   
                 Pressure 
                 55 kg/cm 2   
               
               
                   
                 Temperature 
                 from 150° C. up to 315° C. at 
               
               
                   
                   
                 a rate of 20° C./h 
               
               
                   
                 Naphtha + CS 2  flow rate 
                 21 mL/h 
               
               
                   
                 Hydrogen Flow rate 
                 121 mL/min (7.26 l/h)@STD 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0050]    Subsequently, the catalyst was tested in order to determine its catalytic activity using the naphtha whose properties are shown in Table 3, under the following conditions: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Mass of catalyst 
                 9.87 g 
               
               
                   
                 Temperature 
                 180 and 260° C. 
               
               
                   
                 Naphtha feed rate 
                 21 mL/h 
               
               
                   
                 Hydrogen Flow rate 
                 121 ml/min@STD 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0051]    The results of the test were compared for the elimination of sulfur (wt %) and total nitrogen (ppm), mono-olefins (Bromine Nbr.) and diolefins (% conjugated dienes) and for silicon (Si, ppm) in the product. 
         [0052]    It is important to mention that Hydrodesulphurization (HDS) schemes for processing coker naphthas are frequently designed with a number of cascade reactors among them the so called silicon trap reactor, where a HDS catalyst retains the silicon that is entrained in the naphtha feed. Currently, the HDS catalysts used as silicon traps are also active for hydrodesulphurization, denitrogenation and hydrogenation of monolefins and diolefins. They produce the conversion of silicon compounds contained in the feed and retain the silicon that is produced thereby. However, silicon deposition accelerates catalysts deactivation. It is important for these catalysts to retain silicon as well as to convert the nitrogen, sulfur and olefinic compounds contained in the feed. Hydrodesulphurization and hydrodenitrogenation reactions are favored above 300° C., while the silicon trap reactor operates under 280° C. and the hydrogenation of olefins under 180° C. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Results of the catalytic activity testing of the fresh catalyst 
               
               
                 using a industrial naphtha feed. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Product at reaction temperature 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Property 
                 Feed 
                 180° C. 
                 260° C. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sulfur as S, wt % 
                 0.329 
                 0.301 
                 0.008 
               
               
                 Total N, ppm 
                 25 
                 3 
                 &lt;0.3 
               
               
                 Bromine Nbr. 
                 26.78 
                 21.35 
                 1.82 
               
               
                 % conjugated dienes 
                 0.35 
                 0.26 
                 &lt;0.1 
               
               
                 Silicon as Si, ppm 
                 336 
                 8.1 
                 8.1 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0053]    These results show that the fresh catalyst has a better catalytic activity at 260° C. for HDS, HDN and monolefins and diolefins hydrogenation, while silicon removal is the same either at 180° C. or 260° C. 
       Example 14 
       [0054]    A sample of the used catalyst of Example 1 was crushed to particles of 60 mesh size, then packed in a tubular reactor, and tested in order to determine its catalytic activity, using the conditions and feed used in Example 13. The results of this test are shown in Table 4. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Results of the catalytic activity testing of the used catalyst using an 
               
               
                 industrial naphtha feed. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Product at reaction temperature 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Property 
                 Feed 
                 180° C. 
                 260° C. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sulfur as S, wt % 
                 0.329 
                 0.303 
                 0.089 
               
               
                 Total N, ppm 
                 25 
                 8 
                 6 
               
               
                 Bromine Nbr. 
                 26.78 
                 23.44 
                 7.98 
               
               
                 % conjugated dienes 
                 0.35 
                 0.29 
                 &lt;0.1 
               
               
                 Silicon as Si, ppm 
                 336 
                 165.4 
                 175.04 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0055]    The results in Table No. 4 show that the used catalyst has a moderate activity w.r.t the fresh catalyst of Example 13 and Table 3 for HDS, HDN, olefins hydrogenation and silicon removal. 
       Example 15 
       [0056]    The catalysts that were regenerated in Examples 6 and 7 were crushed to particles of 60 mesh size while the regenerated catalyst of Example 8 was used as extruded. These samples were tested following conditions of Example 13 including sulfiding. The results of these tests are shown in Table 5. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Results of the catalytic activity testing of the regenerated catalysts from 
               
               
                 Examples 6, 7 and 8 using industrial feed naphtha as a feed. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Reaction at 180° C. 
                 Reaction at 260° C. 
               
               
                   
                 with the regenerated 
                 with the regenerated 
               
               
                   
                 catalyst from Example 
                 catalyst from Example 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Property 
                 6 
                 7 
                 8 
                 6 
                 7 
                 8 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sulfur as S, 
                 0.325 
                 0.288 
                 0.265 
                 0.061 
                 0.062 
                 0.080 
               
               
                 wt % 
               
               
                 Total N, ppm 
                 12 
                 13 
                 1 
                 5 
                 10 
                 5 
               
               
                 Bromine Nbr. 
                 11.73 
                 20.02 
                 23.8 
                 4.96 
                 10.51 
                 7.72 
               
               
                 % conjugated 
                 &lt;0.01 
                 0.48 
                 0.41 
                 &lt;0.01 
                 &lt;0.01 
                 &lt;0.01 
               
               
                 dienes 
               
               
                 Silicon as Si, 
                 23.69 
                 32.45 
                 60.10 
                 17.94 
                 29.15 
                 76.03 
               
               
                 ppm 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0057]    Results of Table 5 show that the regenerated catalysts produced in batch reactors considerably recovered their catalytic activity for HDS, HDN as well as for monolefins and diolefins saturation and for retaining silicon either at 180° C. or 260° C. 
         [0058]    Hydrodesulphurization, hydrodenitrogenation of hydrocarbons and monolefins and diolefins saturation are in general favored at 260° C. 
         [0059]    Comparing the performance of the regenerated catalysts (Table 5) with the fresh catalyst (Table 3) and with the used catalyst (Table 4) it is shown that the regenerated catalysts recovered their catalytic activity considerably at 180° C. as well as at 260° C., removing a high silicon percentage w.r.t. the used catalyst. 
         [0060]    It is important to mention that the non-destructive method of the present invention have no substantial effect on the metal other than silicon contents in the alumina based catalyst, a feature that is confirmed by the hydrotreating activity and the olefins saturation activity, implying that the metal ratio has not changed significantly. 
       Example 16  
       [0061]    The regenerated catalyst from Examples 9, 10, 11 where packed in a tubular reactor and sulfided at the same operating conditions of Example 13. 
         [0062]    The catalysts were tested using the naphtha which properties are shown in Table 6, under the following conditions: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Catalyst mass 
                 7 g 
               
               
                   
                 Temperature 
                 260° C. 
               
               
                   
                 Feed 
                 naphtha 
               
               
                   
                 Feed rate 
                 21 mL/h 
               
               
                   
                 Hydrogen Flow rate 
                 121 ml/min@STD 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0063]    Results were compared in terms of sulfur (wt %), total nitrogen (ppm), monoolefins (Bromine Nbr.) and diolefins (% conjugated dienes) and silicon (Si, ppm) in the product. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Results of the catalytic activity testing at 260° C. reaction temperature 
               
               
                 of the regenerated catalysts from Examples 13, 14 and 15 using an 
               
               
                 industrial feed naphtha as a feed. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Regenerated catalyst from 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Property 
                 Feed 
                 Example 13 
                 Example 14 
                 Example 15 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sulfur as S, wt % 
                 0.398 
                 0.091 
                 0.072 
                 0.077 
               
               
                 Total N, ppm 
                 15 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
               
               
                 Bromine Nbr. 
                 31.74 
                 12.87 
                 10.7 
                 11.04 
               
               
                 % conjugated dienes 
                 0.04 
                 &lt;0.01 
                 &lt;0.01 
                 &lt;0.01 
               
               
                 Silicon as Si, ppm 
                 9.46 
                 0.73 
                 0.59 
                 0.4 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0064]    The results of Table 6 show that using a continuous flow reactor the regenerated catalysts presented activity for hydrodesulphurization and hydrodenitrogenation of hydrocarbons, for saturation of monolefins and diolefins, and removal of silicon. 
         [0065]    In order to have a better understanding of the catalytic activity of the regenerated catalysts produced by the method of the present invention, the main results obtained in the testing of the regenerated catalysts, the fresh catalyst and the used catalyst are compared in Table 7. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE NO. 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Summary for activity for silicon removal in naphthas with fresh, used 
               
               
                 and the regenerated catalysts from the examples presented in this patent 
               
               
                 application; reaction test at 260° C. using an industrial naphtha containing 
               
               
                 336 ppmw Si. 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Naphta Product 
               
               
                   
                 (Fresh Catalyst) 
               
               
                   
                 Reaction Temperature 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Reduction of 
                   
                 Reduction 
               
               
                 Feed 
                   
                 Silicon 
                   
                 of Silicon 
               
               
                 Naphta 
                 180° C. 
                 content (%) 
                 260° C. 
                 content (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Si 
                 336 
                 8.08 
                 97.60 
                 8.11 
                 97.59 
               
               
                 (ppm) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Naphta Product 
               
               
                   
                 (Used Catalyst) 
               
               
                   
                 Reaction Temperature 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Reduction of 
                   
                 Reduction 
               
               
                 Feed 
                   
                 Silicon 
                   
                 of Silicon 
               
               
                 Naphta 
                 180° C. 
                 content (%) 
                 260° C. 
                 content (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Si 
                 336 
                 165.4 
                 50.77 
                 175.04 
                 47.90 
               
               
                 (ppm) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Naphta Product 
               
               
                   
                 (Regenerated Catalyst) 
               
               
                   
                 Temperature of Reaction 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Reduction 
                   
                 Reduction 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 of Silicon 
                   
                 of Silicon 
               
               
                 Example 
                 Feed 
                   
                 content 
                   
                 content 
               
               
                 number 
                 Naphta 
                 180° C. 
                 (%) 
                 260° C. 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                  6 
                 Si 
                 336 
                 23.69 
                 92.95 
                 17.94 
                 94.66 
               
               
                  7 
                 (ppm) 
                 336 
                 32.45 
                 90.34 
                 29.15 
                 91.32 
               
               
                  8 
                   
                 336 
                 60.10 
                 82.11 
                 76.03 
                 77.37 
               
               
                 13 
                   
                 9.46 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.73 
                 92.28 
               
               
                 14 
                   
                 9.46 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.59 
                 93.76 
               
               
                 15 
                   
                 9.46 
                 — 
                 — 
                 0.40 
                 95.77 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0066]    Table 7 shows that while the fresh catalyst reduce silicon in the feed by 98wt %, the regenerated catalysts produced by the non-destructive method of the present invention, reduce up to 96 wt % the silicon contained in the feed.