Abstract:
An electronic module subassembly including a substrate. The substrate includes a bottom laminate, a middle laminate coupled to the bottom laminate, and a top laminate coupled to the middle laminate. The middle laminate has a plurality of web areas, each web area defining at least one hole. The defines a planar top surface and a plurality of open areas corresponding to and aligned with the plurality of web areas. First components have a first thickness. At least one first component is in each of the open areas. Second components have a second thickness relatively larger than the first thickness. At least one second component is in each of the open areas. The second components extend into the respective at least one hole of the web areas. Encapsulant fills in the open areas and the web areas.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     1. Field of the Disclosure 
     The subject disclosure relates to fabricating multiple electronics modules that integrate thin silicon die (e.g., bare die of any size) with thick and/or tall components on a substrate that can be processed on standard lithographic processing equipment. The subject technology also includes the electronics modules resulting from the fabrication methods disclosed herein. 
     2. Background of the Related Art 
     Miniaturization of electronic components has continually become more and more dense. Such multi-component modules are commonly referred to as integrated ultra-high density (i-UHD). Advances in the i-UHD manufacturing and packaging process are critical to each step forward in the technology. Several examples of i-UHD technology are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.: 7,727,806; 7,960,247; 8,017,451; and 8,273,603. U.S. PG Publication No. 2012/0086135 is also directed to i-UHD technology. 
     One type of i-UHD manufacturing process uses substrates with mirrored cavities fabricated from silicon wafers. Use of lithographic processing equipment for the fabrication has been widely used and well understood in the art. Despite the longstanding use, several disadvantages remain. The process is expensive and results in fragile structures. The resulting image plane tends to be bowed resulting in difficulty utilizing lithography equipment (e.g., controlling line width), thus yield is undesirably low. Substrates with mirrored cavities have also been fabricated of alumina or ceramic as an alternative. Though stiffer and tending to bow to a lesser degree, this approach also suffers from many disadvantages including those noted above for silicon wafers. 
     Substrates with through cavities can also be fabricated of alumina and silicon. However, very high stresses develop in the die cavities due to encapsulate shrinkage upon cure. After cure, Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) mismatch between silicon die and encapsulant again results in bow or distortion or cracking of the material within the cavity. Additional known problems are the substrate bow that occurs during manufacturing and module bow after singulation. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     There is a need for improved electronic module fabrication techniques which creates flat components for additional processing. The subject technology eliminates fabrication problems relating to substrate bow during manufacturing and module bow after singulation. 
     The subject technology includes a substrate that has bilateral symmetry. The bilateral symmetry of the multi-chip and/or component modules makes the compressive and tensile stresses above and below the cavity web the same. This balanced core, or a cross-section that is symmetrical about the centerline of the PC Board&#39;s thickness, will remain flatter and not be subject to the bow of other methods and structures. In other words, for multi-chip module fabrication, a substrate with cavities mirrored on both sides of a web with the bare die arranged in the cavities and encapsulated with be free from stresses, compressive and tensile, that result from encapsulation shrinkage and CTE mismatch of materials because of the bilateral symmetry about the centerline of the cavity web. 
     In one embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to an electronic module subassembly including a substrate. The substrate includes a bottom laminate, a middle laminate coupled to the bottom laminate, and a top laminate coupled to the middle laminate. The middle laminate has a plurality of web areas, each web area defining at least one hole. The defines a planar top surface and a plurality of open areas corresponding to and aligned with the plurality of web areas. A plurality of first components have a first thickness. At least one first component is in each of the open areas. A plurality of second components have a second thickness relatively larger than the first thickness. At least one second component is also in each of the open areas. Such second components extend into the respective at least one hole of the web areas. Preferably, the first and second components include planar top surfaces aligned with the planar top surface of the top laminate so that further processing may easily be performed. Encapsulant fills in the open areas and the web areas, thereby covering at least a portion of the first and second components. Preferably, the encapuslant has an approximately matching coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) to a CTE of the laminates of the substrate. 
     Each web area is a portion of a singular electronic module after being diced from the substrate. In one embodiment, the second components are a plurality free-end wire-bonds mounted in a block of encapsulant for forming connections between a top portion and a bottom portion of a multi-chip module. Traces and vias are made in the web areas for electrical interconnection as needed. The traces and vias may be made from copper and other like materials. Preferably, the bottom laminate has a plurality of web areas mirroring the web areas of the top laminate to result in bilateral symmetry about a centerline through the middle laminate. 
     The subject technology is also directed to a method for creating an electronic module subassembly. The method includes the steps of forming a plurality of web areas in a first laminate, wherein each web area defines at least one hole, forming a plurality of open areas in a second laminate, coupling the first and second laminates together so that the plurality of open areas are aligned with the plurality of web areas, encapsulating at least one first component in each of the open areas, wherein each first component has a first thickness, and encapsulating at least one second component in each of the open areas, wherein each second component extends into the respective at least one hole of the web areas, wherein each second component has a second thickness relatively larger than the first thickness. The encapsulating steps may be performed simultaneously. 
     The encapsulating is preferably done with an encapuslant that has an approximately matching coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) to a CTE of the laminates. The method may also include coupling a bottom laminate to the first laminate and forming a plurality of open areas in the bottom laminate that mirror the plurality of open areas in the second laminate. The method also aligns the first and second components in a planar top surface of the second laminate. In one embodiment of the method, each web area defines a second hole, and further comprising the steps of: repeatedly encapsulating a plurality of free-end wire-bonds in a block of encapsulant to form a plurality of third components; and mounting at least one third component in the second hole and open area, wherein each third component has a third thickness relatively larger than the first thickness. Traces and vias in the web areas are formed to make electrical interconnections as needed. 
     The subject technology also includes an electronic module subassembly including a substrate having a first laminate having a plurality of web areas, each web area defining at least one hole, and a second laminate coupled to the first laminate. The second laminate defines a planar top surface and a plurality of open areas corresponding to and aligned with the plurality of web areas. A plurality of first components are provided with at least one first component in each of the open areas. Each first component has a first thickness. A plurality of second components are provided with at least one second component in each of the open areas and extending into the respective at least one hole of the web areas. Each second component has a second thickness relatively larger than the first thickness. Encapsulant fills in the open areas and the web areas coupling the first and second components to the first and second laminates. 
     Preferably, the first and second components include planar top surfaces aligned with the planar top surface of the first laminate, the encapsulant covers at least a portion of the first and second components, and the encapuslant has an approximately matching coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) to a CTE of the first and second laminates. A third laminate may also be coupled to the first laminate and opposing the second laminate. The third laminate has a plurality of web areas mirroring the web areas of the second laminate to result in bilateral symmetry about a centerline through the first laminate. 
     It should be appreciated that the present technology can be implemented and utilized in numerous ways, including without limitation as a process, an apparatus, a system, a device, a method for applications now known and later developed. These and other unique features of the technology disclosed herein will become more readily apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       So that those having ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosed technology appertains will more readily understand how to make and use the same, reference may be had to the following drawings. 
         FIG. 1  is a top view of an assembled laminated substrate in accordance with the subject technology. 
         FIG. 2  is a top view of three laminates used to fabricate the substrate of  FIG. 1  in accordance with the subject technology. 
         FIG. 3  is a side view of the substrate of  FIG. 1  during fabrication in accordance with the subject technology. 
         FIG. 4A  is a top detailed view of a cavity within circle  4 A of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4B  is a cross-sectional view of the substrate taken along line  4 B- 4 B of  FIG. 4A . 
         FIG. 5A  is a top detailed view of a cavity in a substrate in accordance with the subject technology. 
         FIG. 5B  is a cross-sectional view of the substrate taken along line  5 B- 5 B of  FIG. 5A . 
         FIG. 6A  is a top detailed view of the cavity in the substrate of  FIG. 5A  with components. 
         FIG. 6B  is a cross-sectional view of the substrate taken along line  6 B- 6 B of  FIG. 6A . 
         FIG. 7A  is a top detailed view of a cavity in a substrate in accordance with the subject technology. 
         FIG. 7B  is a cross-sectional view of the substrate taken along line  7 B- 7 B of  FIG. 7A . 
         FIG. 8A  is a top detailed view of the cavity in the substrate of  FIG. 7A  with components. 
         FIG. 8B  is a cross-sectional view of the substrate taken along line  8 B- 8 B of  FIG. 6A . 
         FIG. 9A  is a top detailed view of still another cavity in a substrate in accordance with the subject technology. 
         FIG. 9B  is a cross-sectional view of the substrate taken along line  9 B- 9 B of  FIG. 9A . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The present disclosure overcomes many of the prior art problems associated with fabrication of electronic modules, particularly i-UHD modules, with components of various thicknesses. The advantages, and other features of the system disclosed herein, will become more readily apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art from the following detailed description of certain preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the drawings which set forth representative embodiments of the present invention and wherein like reference numerals identify similar structural elements. 
     All relative descriptions herein such as top, bottom, front, back, left, right, up, and down are with reference to the Figures, and not meant in a limiting sense. The illustrated embodiments can be understood as providing exemplary features of varying detail of certain embodiments, and therefore, unless otherwise specified, features, components, modules, elements, and/or aspects of the illustrations can be otherwise combined, interconnected, sequenced, separated, interchanged, positioned, and/or rearranged without materially departing from the disclosed systems or methods. Additionally, the shapes and sizes of components are also exemplary and can be altered without materially affecting or limiting the disclosed technology. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 1 , a top view of an assembled laminated substrate  100  in accordance with the subject technology is shown. The substrate  100  is used to fabricate multiple electronics modules that integrate thin bare silicon die of any size with thick or tall components such as sensors of multiple types. The subject technology is particularly useful for i-UHD module fabrication. The substrate  100  can be processed on standard lithographic processing equipment or standard printed circuit fabrication equipment. The substrate  100  is shown as disk shaped with a flat  102 , which is common for use with lithographic processing equipment. The substrate  100  may also be square or rectangular as is common with standard printed circuit fabrication equipment. Preferably, the substrate  100  is fabricated from glass epoxy and may be routed, cut, stamped or otherwise formed into the desired shape. The substrate  100  may also be fabricated of printed circuit board material. In any case, the substrate  100  may have a plurality of layers of dielectric with patterned copper interconnects as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art based upon review of the subject disclosure. 
     The substrate  100  has a top surface  104  and a bottom surface  106  (shown in  FIG. 4B ) with a plurality of mirrored cavities or depressions  108 . A dividing central web  110  extends between each pair of aligned mirrored cavities  108 . Each web  110  has an array of small holes  112  extending between the cavities  108 . The substrate  100  and/or the web  110  may also have or be layers of dielectric with patterned copper interconnect. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , a top view of three separate laminates  114 ,  116 ,  118  used to fabricate the substrate  100  of  FIG. 1  is shown. The top laminate  114  and the bottom laminate  118  are typically identical. The top and bottom laminates  114 ,  118  have a plurality of openings  107  that form the plurality of cavities  108 . The openings  107  are arranged in a pattern to maximize the yield and may be of any size and shape. The middle laminate  116  forms the plurality of webs  110 , which are preferably a matching size and shape of the openings  107 . Any of the laminates  114 ,  116 ,  118  may be fabricated from a single, monolithic structure or itself be fabricated from multiple layers laminated together. 
       FIG. 3  is a side view of the substrate  100  during fabrication. The substrate  100  is shown with break lines that indicate longer length than may be shown in  FIG. 3 . The laminates  114 ,  116 ,  118  are combined together by layers  120  of B-stage epoxy. Once cured and fully laminated, the substrate  100  will have an overall thickness  122 , wherein the cavities  108  will have a depth  124  approximately equal to the combined thicknesses of the layers  120  and respective top or bottom laminate  114 ,  118 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4A , a top detailed view of circle  4 A of  FIG. 1  is shown illustrating a cavity  108  in the substrate  100  after curing. As can be seen, each cavity  108  of the top laminate  114  aligns with a web  110  of the middle laminate  116 , which aligns with the cavities  108  of the bottom laminate  118  so that passages are formed through the cavities  108  and holes  112 . The web  110  has thirty-six holes  112  in a six by six array but any size, shape, number and arrangement of holes is possible. 
       FIG. 4B  is a cross-sectional view of the substrate  100  taken along line  4 B- 4 B of  FIG. 4A  prior to placement of any components. The top and bottom cavities  108  are each deep and wide enough to retain components of varying size and configurations. The depth and width of the cavities  108  along with the size and location of the holes  112  can be varied to accommodate particular configurations. For example, four thin dies (not shown) may be mounted in each cavity  108 . The dies may be interconnected or connected to other components by traces (not shown) applied in traditional manners. The traces may extend from the top cavity  108  through one or more holes  112  into the bottom cavity  108 . Traces may also connect across the substrate  100  from hole  112  to hole  112  and/or to other more traditional wires. 
       FIGS. 5A and 5B  are a top detailed view and a cross-sectional view of a cavity  208  in another substrate  200  in accordance with the subject technology. As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the pertinent art, the substrate  200  utilizes similar principles to the substrate  100  described above. Accordingly, like reference numerals preceded by the numeral “2” instead of the numeral “1”, are used to indicate like elements. 
     The primary difference of the substrate  200  in comparison to the substrate  100  is the formation of a large hole  213  in each of the webs  210 . The large hole  213  creates ample space for a tall component  228  (shown in  FIGS. 6A and 6B ). The tall component  228  may be a sensor, capacitor, or any other desired component. The large hole  213  may be formed concurrently with the smaller holes  212  or machined at a different time. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 6A and 6B , a top detailed view and a cross-sectional view of the mirrored cavity  208  in the substrate  200  of  FIG. 5A  is shown with a thin silicon die  226  and the tall component  228  in place for fabrication. In order to locate the silicon die  226  in the cavity  208  and the tall component  228  in the large hole  213 , the silicon dies  226  and tall components  228  are picked and placed on sticky film (not shown) in predetermined locations to align with the cavities  208  and large holes  213 . Once the sticky film has been adhered to the substrate  200  to position the dies  226  and components  228  as shown, the substrate  200  can be molded. As can be seen best in  FIG. 6B , the die  226  and the tall component  228  are significantly different in thickness yet the result is that both are fit in such a way as to be co-planar in the top surface  204 . 
     To mold the substrate  200 , vacuum is applied while an encapsulant paste  230  is pressed into the open space of the cavities  208 , holes  212 , and large holes  213 . Once the encapsulant  230  is cured, the sticky film can be removed resulting in a flat, clean planar top surface  204  in which the silicon dies  226  and tall components  228  are exposed. 
     Because the glass epoxy of the substrate  200  and encapsulant has similar or the same CTE, the typical stresses and bowing of the prior art is avoided. As a result the planar top surface  204 , the substrate  200  can be further processed using standard lithographic equipment. Subsequent processing may include applying: multiple layers of dielectric; copper for interconnections; solder balls by ball grid array technology; and/or any other desired processing now known and later developed as well as singulation. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 7A-8B , several views of another cavity  308  in another substrate  300  are shown. As will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the pertinent art, the substrate  300  utilizes similar principles to the substrates  100 ,  200  described above and like reference numerals are used for like features. The primary difference of the substrate  300  in comparison to the substrate  200  is the formation of a second large hole  315  in each of the webs  310 . The second large hole  315  creates ample space for a second tall component  330 . The second tall component  330  is a tall post connection assembly for providing top to bottom electrical connections. The tall post connection assembly  330  is a block of molding compound  332  holding a plurality of electrically conducting posts  334 . The tall post connection assembly  330  may be pre-assembled using free-end wire bonds as the conducting posts  334 . 
     For assembly, the tall post connection assemblies  330  are again particularly applied to a sticky film with the dies  326  and other components  328 . Once applied to the substrate  300 , the tall post connection assemblies  315 , the dies  326  and other components  328  are molded in place as shown, coplanar with the top and bottom surfaces  304 ,  306 . The molding compound may be the same or different from the encapsulant. In any case, the posts  334  provide electrical connections between the top surface  304  and the bottom surface  306 . The posts  334  may interconnect circuits laid down on the surfaces  304 ,  306  and/or additional traces and/or vias. 
       FIG. 9A  is a top detailed view of still another mirrored cavity  408  in a substrate  400  in accordance with the subject technology. Again, the substrate  400  utilizes similar principles to the substrates  100 ,  200 ,  300  described above and like reference numerals are used for like features. The primary difference of the substrate  400  in comparison to the substrates  100 ,  200 ,  300  is the inclusion of vias  440  and traces  442 . The vias  440  are built into the webs  410  using typical lithographic or printed circuit board technology. The traces  442  are also applied using typical printed circuit board technology. The vias  440  and traces  442  are laid down adjacent but not on the holes  412  of the web  410 . The vias  440  pass through the web  410  to electrically connect components in opposing cavities. As shown, each via  440  connects to a free end wire bond  444 , which, in turn, further connects to another component (not shown). The traces and vias  440  allow the free-end wire bonds to be placed anywhere within the cavity  408 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 9B , a cross-sectional view of the cavity  408  taken along line  9 B- 9 B of  FIG. 9A  is shown. To assemble the substrate  400 , the top, bottom and middle laminates  414 ,  416 ,  418  are assembled, then the vias  440  and traces  442  are applied using, for example, printed circuit or microlithographic technologies. Next, the free end wire bonds  444  are applied, for example, using solder ball techniques like in U.S. PG Pub. No. 2013/0093087. The bare dies  426  and components  428  are particularly applied to a sticky film that is placed upon the substrate  400 . Once the dies  426  and components  428  are in position on the substrate  400 , the dies  426  and components  428  are molded in place as shown, coplanar with the top and bottom surfaces  404 ,  406 . 
     As one of ordinary skill would understand, the completed substrates can be cut apart along the edges of the webs to yield modules for further processing or further processed as a unit. For example, completed substrates can have additional laminates applied and connected to the top and bottom surfaces or even multi-layer substrates can be joined to other substrates. The middle laminates (e.g.,  116 ) and other laminate structures represented as monolithic can also be fabricated by joining a plurality of layers. Additionally, the substrate may be fabricated from just the top and middle layers. Although such would not include mirrored cavities, it would still provide the ability to effectively package components of varying height. In view of the above, complex structures of a theoretically limitless number of layers can be constructed. 
     It is also envisioned that the mirrored cavities of the substrate could accommodate any configuration of dies, components, free-end wire bonds and the like without regard to varying thickness yet still allow further processing. The planar top and bottom surfaces allow efficient well-known techniques to conduct the further processing. Once the assembly of the substrates is completed, the substrates are diced along the edges of the cavities to form singular modules ready for subsequent processing into electronic modules. 
     As can be seen, PC Board materials such as glass epoxy can be used to fabricate the substrates with mirrored cavities so that the CTE can be closely approximated or matched to the encapsulant. Thus, after encapsulant cure, the substrates and cavity walls will grow at the same rate as the encapsulant when exposed to high processing temperatures, limiting substrate and cavity stresses, resulting in much less deformation. 
     The PC Board materials are readily available in many standard thicknesses. Thus, the substrate thickness and cavity depth can be readily modified to accommodate die or sensors of different thicknesses. Further, PC Board fabrication costs are very competitive so that laminating thin sheets using PC board fabrication processes results in much lower costs than fabricating substrates with cavities from silicon, ceramic or other solid materials. 
     Further, traces of copper and like materials can be patterned into the substrate and cavity web laminations providing multiple layers of interconnect. Interconnect layers can also be patterned onto the exterior surfaces of substrates and cavity surfaces. Copper traces that are patterned into the front and back surfaces of the cavity web can be metalized to allow the formation of connections between the electrical interconnect built into the web and the front, or backsides of the finished Multi Chip Module. These conductive features or conductive posts can be fabricated using free-end wire-bonds. The conductive features could also be conductive pins pressed into holes or other similar techniques. Thus, the subject technology allows much taller conductive features to be formed and at a much lower cost than initial iUHD thru via posts (e.g., copper plated silicon posts), created when etching cavities into silicon wafers. Unlike the etched silicon post fabrication technique, the subject technology can rework a poorly formed post to reduce scrap material. 
     As would be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the pertinent art, the subject technology is applicable to fabrication of electronic modules. The functions of several elements may, in alternative embodiments, be carried out by fewer elements, or a single element. Similarly, in some embodiments, any functional element may perform fewer, or different, operations than those described with respect to the illustrated embodiment. Also, functional elements shown as distinct for purposes of illustration may be incorporated within other functional elements, separated in different hardware or distributed in various ways in a particular implementation. Further, relative size and location are merely somewhat schematic and it is understood that not only the same but many other embodiments could have varying depictions. 
     INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 
     All patents, published patent applications and other references disclosed herein are hereby expressly incorporated in their entireties by reference. 
     While the invention has been described with respect to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various changes and/or modifications can be made to the invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. For example, each claim may depend from any or all claims, even in a multiple dependent manner, even though such has not been originally claimed.