Abstract:
A process for producing medical devices with functional surfaces, e.g., ceramic implants having bone-affine surfaces, and to medical devices produced in such a manner.

Description:
This application is a §371 of International Application No. PCT/EP2013/065810 filed Jul. 26, 2013, and claims priority from German Patent Application No. 10 2012 213 348.8 filed Jul. 30, 2012. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a process to produce medical devices with functional surfaces. In particular, the invention relates to a process by which ceramic implants having bone-affine surfaces may be produced and to medical devices produced in such a manner. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Structural ceramic components, in particular implants, prostheses, or the like, are currently often applied with a functional coating, e.g. a bone-affine or antiseptic coating or layer. The functional surface is to improve the integration of the component in the body. In particular, a faster and more durable incorporation of the component is often concerned which can be achieved, e.g., by porous coatings or surfaces. Pores on the surface of the component may enable or facilitate the ingrowth of bone components, and therefore enable a secure hold of the implant by the body&#39;s own integration. On the other hand, inflammatory processes often also have to be managed, which are often unavoidable when inserting the implant into the body. Components used as a joint replacement generally require a functional layer for connection to the bone. 
     Such implants, in particular also made from ceramics, are known from the state of the art. They are generally produced in multiple work steps, wherein a functional or porous surface is applied in some way, e.g. by coating, to the base body which is massive and supporting. These production processes are comparatively time-consuming and cumbersome since different processes for forming of the base body and subsequent surface treatment are required. 
     OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     Thus, one object of the invention is to provide a process simplifying the production of an implant, e.g. a prosthesis, having a core material and a functional surface material. 
     The object is achieved by a process according to the process for producing an implant having at least one functional surface of the invention described herein. Advantageous embodiments of the process are described below. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Therefore, a process of the invention for producing an implant having a functional surface provides for producing a base body and the functional surface in one work step. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     According to a further development, the invention comprises ceramic components having a massive, supporting area, and having a porous, bone-affine interface or surface, which are produced in one work step. 
     For the high-performance ceramics to be produced a corresponding powder mixture is prepared, in which both homogenization of the individual aggregates as well as dispersion of the powder agglomerates are implemented according to the state of the art. E.g. zirconia, silicon nitride, alumina or composite materials like ZTA and/or mixtures of said substances may be considered. Additionally, educts may be used that may be reacted to obtain said substances, e.g. by sintering under a specific atmosphere as required. A plastic binder system is added to the powder mixture, thus forming a molding material (feedstock) that allows for molding via high or low pressure injection molding or also by extrusion. 
     Non-plastic, particulate aggregates (placeholder) may be added to a portion of the feedstock which may, after molding, e.g. during the subsequent sintering process, be removed again mostly residue-free to leave pores. E.g. polyethylene, polystyrene or similar organic carbon compounds or also graphite may be added as aggregates. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the placeholders are added to the feedstock to leave pores in the body after sintering, the pores being particularly advantageous for the ingrowth characteristic into the bone. 
     A particularly preferred process for producing implants having at least one functional surface comprises the following steps:
         (a) preparation of a ceramic powder mixture;   (b) adding to the ceramic powder mixture a plastic binder system, wherein the plastic binder system is adapted to a subsequent molding process, and the ceramic powder mixture with the plastic binder system forms a first feedstock;   (c1) dividing the first feedstock and adding aggregates to a part of the feedstock to form a second feedstock; or   (c2) producing a second feedstock according to steps (a) and (b);   (d) carrying out a molding process in which the base body and the bone-affine surface are being molded from the first and second feedstocks;   (e) debinding of the green part;   (f) sintering and debinding the brown part of the implant molded in the previous step to yield the finished implant having a functional and particularly a bone-affine surface.       

     According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, first and second feedstocks may be produced and processed both with and without placeholders/aggregates as follows:
         The feedstocks with and without placeholder each may be used separately for molding by injection molding and/or extrusion, respectively.   During the molding process the feedstocks may be brought in contact with each other under controlled conditions. The chosen organic binder system enables adhesion bonding of the plastic materials. The molding process typically is heat-activated at temperatures from 80° C. to 170° C.   The feedstocks are set so that they can be sintered under the same conditions and that they have a similar sintering kinetics so as to retain the bonding of the massive feedstock with the placeholder-containing feedstock during sintering and to generate a solid body connection by sintering.   The two feedstocks are processed via two-component injection molding or two-component extrusion and thereby are given the desired shape. According to the invention, the later massive, supporting areas of the component with the massive feedstock and the porous, bone-affine areas are filled by the aggregate/placeholder-containing feedstock via multi-component molding. Thereby, within the limits of these two processes, any molded padding may be produced by which the objective of massive solid bodies having bone-affine, porous surfaces may be arbitrarily realized. Depending on the application, e.g. spacers for spine implants, the porous area may also occupy larger areas or continuous ducts of the component.   After thermally activated molding and subsequent cooling a relatively stable green part containing the ceramic powder, the organic plasticizer and the placeholders is generated. The plasticizers are being removed, e.g., via evaporation or acid washing.   The debinded green part (brown part) is sintered generating the desired massive and porous areas according to the invention. The placeholders are cauterized. The transition region between massive and porous ceramics is hardened by the sintering process.