Abstract:
In working path setting, a backup path is previously prepared assuming a link failure, and a demultiplexer of a bypass link is connected to a wavelength conversion repeater through an optical switch. Upon occurrence of a link failure, the wavelength conversion repeater is connected to a multiplexer of the bypass link by means of the optical switch to forward an in-channel control signal to the wavelength conversion repeater of an adjacent node where the in-channel control signal is sequentially forwarded to reserve a backup bandwidth. Then, output wavelengths and targets are exchanged between a wavelength tunable transponder and the wavelength tunable repeater.

Description:
CLAIM OF PRIORITY 
     The present application claims priority from Japanese patent application serial no. 2006-024175, filed on Feb. 1, 2006, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this application. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an optical crossconnect apparatus, and more particularly to an optical crossconnect apparatus having a failure recovery function through the use of in-channel signals. 
     Because of the explosive growth of traffic along with the diffusion of the Internet, as well as the development of optical switching technology such as a MEMS based optical switch, there is a demand for large-scale optical crossconnect apparatus to be put into practical use. 
     It is important for the optical crossconnect apparatus to have an optical path setting function for managing a wavelength as a path and a failure recovery function for network failure. 
     In Japanese Patent Publication Laid-Open No. 2004-297238, there is described an optical crossconnect apparatus that helps relieve a line using overhead information of the OTN (Optical Transport Network) frame. This optical crossconnect apparatus can forward in-band control signals (in-channel control signals), which makes it possible to provide path failover upon occurrence of a failure by controlling an adjacent optical crossconnect apparatus. Meanwhile, for the above-described optical crossconnect apparatus, it is necessary to perform OEO conversion (optical-electrical-optical conversion) twice per node, and which tends to increase cost. 
     Further, in JP-A No. 2003-209863 and JP-A No. 2003-339064, there are described optical crossconnect apparatuses that connect the input/output of a wavelength conversion repeater capable of converting to any wavelength, to an optical switch, and can select the route and wavelength channel for the use of the wavelength conversion repeater. These optical crossconnect apparatuses make it possible to reduce the number of OEO conversions to less than or equal to once per node, when using the OEO conversion for wavelength conversion. However, the above-described optical crossconnect apparatus is provided with an optical switch between a demultiplexer and the wavelength conversion repeater, and cannot receive in-channel control signals transmitted to the wavelength conversion repeater of the own node from the wavelength conversion repeater of another node. In addition, the above-described optical crossconnect apparatus is provided with the optical switch between the wavelength conversion repeater and a multiplexer, and cannot transmit the in-channel control signals from the wavelength conversion repeater of the own node to the wavelength conversion repeater of another node. 
     Incidentally, the specification of U.S. Pat. No. 2003/0198227 is the US counterpart of JP-A No. 2003-339064. 
     The present invention provides an optical crossconnect apparatus capable of using in-channel control signals for switching control of optical crossconnect paths so that the optical path can avoid the failed part upon occurrence of a failure, improving efficiency in use of a tunable wavelength conversion repeater shared for backup purposes, while reducing the number of OEO conversions. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An optical crossconnect apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a monitoring controller; an optical switch having L input terminals and L output terminals to connect any input terminal and any output terminal; N demultiplexers for demultiplexing a wavelength multiplexed signal with the maximum number of wavelengths M; N multiplexers for multiplexing the optical signal with the maximum number of M-waves; a wavelength tunable transponder for accommodating a client signal, converting the signal into any wavelength to output to the optical switch as well as performing the reverse conversion thereof, and further processing in-channel monitoring control information under control from the monitoring controller; a wavelength tunable repeater for receiving an optical signal from the output terminal of the optical switch, converting the signal into any wavelength after reproduction, and outputting again the converted signal to the input terminal of the optical switch, as well as processing the in-channel monitoring control information under control from the monitoring controller; and a network management apparatus, wherein the optical crossconnect apparatus previously prepares a backup path assuming a link failure in the setting of the working path to always connect the input of the wavelength tunable repeater to the demultiplexer of a bypass link, and when transmitting an in-channel control signal, connects the output of the wavelength tunable repeater to the multiplexer of the bypass link by means of the optical switch. 
     Upon occurrence of a link failure, the optical crossconnect apparatus connects the wavelength tunable repeater and the multiplexer of the bypass link by means of the optical switch to forward an in-channel control of a bandwidth reservation request to the wavelength tunable repeater of the adjacent node. Then, the optical crossconnect apparatus sequentially forwards the in-channel control to the bypass node to reserve the alternative link for the link failure, and then exchanges the output wavelength and the link destination of the connection between the wavelength tunable transponder and the wavelength tunable repeater. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating the general configuration of an optical crossconnect apparatus and a network management apparatus; 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating the detailed configuration of a wavelength tunable transponder of the optical crossconnect apparatus; 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram illustrating the detailed configuration of a wavelength tunable repeater of the optical crossconnect apparatus; 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating the detailed configuration of a monitoring controller of the optical crossconnect apparatus; 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram illustrating the detailed configuration of a network management apparatus of the optical crossconnect apparatus; 
         FIG. 6  is an operation flowchart of the optical crossconnect apparatus and the network management apparatus; 
         FIG. 7  is a view illustrating the route of an optical path in the normal condition; 
         FIG. 8  is a view illustrating the route of the optical path when a link failure occurs; 
         FIG. 9  is a block diagram illustrating an operation of the optical crossconnect apparatus; 
         FIG. 10  is a sequence diagram illustrating an operation of a backup path pre-health confirmation; 
         FIGS. 11A to 11C  are diagrams showing path tables stored in route-wavelength management information DBs of respective nodes; 
         FIG. 12  is a timing diagram illustrating the time allocation for the backup path pre-health confirmation; 
         FIG. 13  is a sequence diagram illustrating a restoration operation; 
         FIG. 14  is a block diagram illustrating an operation of the optical crossconnect apparatus; 
         FIGS. 15A to 15C  are diagrams showing path tables (bandwidth reservation) stored in the route-wavelength management information of the respective nodes; 
         FIG. 16  is a block diagram illustrating an operation of the optical crossconnect apparatus; 
         FIGS. 17A and 17B  are diagrams showing path tables (exchange) stored in the route-wavelength management information of the respective nodes; and 
         FIG. 18  is a sequence diagram illustrating a switchback operation. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be noted that the same reference numerals are assigned to the same portions and their description will not be repeated. 
     Embodiment 1 
     An optical crossconnect apparatus  11  shown in  FIG. 1  includes: a monitoring controller  100 ; an optical switch  10  having L input terminals and L output terminals to connect any input terminal to any output terminal; demultiplexers  20 - 1  to  20 -N for demultiplexing a wavelength multiplexed signal with the maximum number of wavelengths M from a transmission line; multiplexers  30 - 1  to  30 -N for wavelength multiplexing the optical signal with the maximum number of M-waves; wavelength tunable transponders  40 - 1  to  40 -K for accommodating a client signal, converting the signal to any wavelength to output the converted signal to the optical switch, as well as performing the reverse conversion thereof; and wavelength tunable repeaters  50 - 1  to  50 -J for receiving an optical signal from the output terminal of the optical switch  10 , converting the signal to any wavelength after reproduction, and outputting again to the input terminal of the optical switch  10 , as well as processing in-channel monitoring control information under control from the monitoring controller  100 . Incidentally, the number of the input/output terminals L of the optical switch  10  is equal to or more than (M×N+K+J), where J is a natural number that is equal to or less than L−(M×N+K). The optical crossconnect apparatus  11  is connected to a network management apparatus  200  by the monitoring controller  100 . 
     The wavelength tunable transponder  40  shown in  FIG. 2  includes: an optical transmitter  41  and an optical receiver  42  that serve as input/output interfaces with a client device; a wavelength tunable optical transmitter  43  and an optical receiver  44  that are connected to the optical switch  10 ; and an overhead processor  45  for providing overhead processing for a signal from the optical receiver  42  to transmit the signal to the wavelength tunable optical transmitter  43 , and also providing overhead processing for a signal from the optical receiver  44  to transmit the signal to the optical transmitter  41 . Incidentally, the overhead processor  45  makes communication with an in-channel control signal extraction-forwarding section  108  of the monitoring controller  100  to insert an in-channel monitoring control signal into the output signal to the wavelength tunable repeater, and demultiplexes the in-channel monitoring control signal from the signal from the optical receiver  44 . The overhead processor  45 , which has a function of monitoring out-of-frame errors and code errors, may further has a function of correcting the code errors by increasing the transmission speed in the transmission line side higher than the transmission speed in the client side, according to the necessity. 
     Incidentally, the optical receiver  44  can receive any 1 wave of M waves used for wavelength multiplexing of the transmission line. This is because the dynamic range of the optical receiver  44  for wavelength is wide. The wavelength tunable transmitter  43  for transmitting the optical signal to the optical switch transmits any wavelength under control of a wavelength controller  109  of the monitoring controller  100 . 
     The wavelength tunable repeater  50  shown in  FIG. 3  includes: a wavelength tunable optical transmitter  51  and an optical receiver  52  that are connected to the optical switch  10 ; and an overhead processor  53  for providing overhead processing for a signal from the optical receiver  52  and transmits the signal to the wavelength tunable optical transmitter  51 . Incidentally, the overhead processor  53  makes communication with the in-channel control signal extraction-forwarding section  108  of the monitoring controller  100  to insert an in-channel monitoring control signal into the output signal to the wavelength tunable optical transmitter  51 , and demultiplexes the in-channel monitoring control signal included in the signal from the optical receiver  52 . In addition, the overhead processor  53  has a function of monitoring out-of-frame errors and code errors. Incidentally, the overhead processor  53  may further have a function of correcting the code errors. 
     The optical receiver  52  can receive any 1 wave of M waves used for wavelength multiplexing of the transmission line. This is because the dynamic range of the optical receiver  44  for wavelength is wide. The wavelength tunable optical transmitter  51  for transmitting the optical signal to the optical switch transmits any wavelength under control of the wavelength controller  109  of the monitoring controller  100 . 
     The monitoring controller  100  shown in  FIG. 4  includes: a CPU  101 ; a configuration-connection management information DB  102  for managing the machine configuration and the components connected to all the input/output ports of the optical switch; a route-wavelength management information DB  104  for managing the routes and used wavelengths of the working path and a backup path; an alarm management information DB  105  for managing the machine alarm and the communication alarm; the in-channel control signal extraction-forwarding section  108  for extracting and forwarding a control signal to the wavelength tunable transponder  40  and the wavelength tunable repeater  50  as well as a main signal; the wavelength controller  109  for specifying the setting wavelengths of the wavelength tunable transponders  40  and the wavelength tunable repeaters  50 ; an optical switch monitoring controller  110  for making crossconnect setting for the optical switch  10  and monitoring the setting state; an optical switch crossconnect setting information DB  106  for storing the crossconnect setting information monitored in the optical switch monitoring controller  110 ; a wavelength management information DB  107  for managing the wavelengths specified in the wavelength controller  109 ; and an external device interface  103  having an interface capable of communicating with the network management apparatus  200 . 
     The network management apparatus  200  shown in  FIG. 5  includes: a CPU  201 ; an external device interface  202  having an interface for communication with the monitoring controller  100  of the optical crossconnect apparatus  11 ; a topology management information DB  210  for managing the network topology of the optical crossconnect apparatus  11 ; a configuration-connection management information DB  209  for collecting and managing plural configuration-connection management information DBs  102  of the optical crossconnect apparatuses  11 ; an alarm management information DB  207  for collecting and managing plural alarm management information DBs  105  of the optical crossconnect apparatuses  11 ; an optical switch crossconnect setting information DB  204  for collecting and managing plural optical switch crossconnect setting information DBs  106  of the optical crossconnect apparatuses  11 ; a wavelength management information DB  205  for collecting and managing plural wavelength management information DBs  107  of the optical crossconnect apparatuses  11 ; a path management information DB  208  for managing the information on the start and destination nodes of a path, together with the information of the optical switch crossconnect setting information DB  204  and the information of the wavelength management information DB  205 , relating to the routes and wavelengths of the path; a topology management information DB  210 ; a route-wavelength calculation section  206  for calculating the routes and used wavelengths of the working path and backup path, based on the configuration-connection management information DB  209  and the alarm management information DB  207  as well as the path management information; and a route-wavelength management information DB  203  for storing the calculation results of the route-wavelength calculation section  206 . 
     The operation of the optical crossconnect apparatus  11  and the network management apparatus  200  will be outlined with reference to the operation flowchart shown in  FIG. 6 . The network management apparatus  200  receives a path setting request (S 1 ), calculates the route and used wavelength of the working path and also calculates the route and used wavelength of the backup path (S 2 ). Based on the results of the above-described calculation, the optical crossconnect apparatus  11  sets the backup path (S 3 ), and sets the working path (S 4 ). Thus, the paths are opened. After the opening of the paths, the optical crossconnect apparatus  11  periodically performs a pre-health confirmation of the backup path (S 5 ). In the case where a failure occurs in the working path (S 6 ), the optical crossconnect apparatus  11  performs restoration (S 7 ) so as to recover the working path (S 8 ). The crossconnect apparatus  11  starts monitoring the failed part (S 9 ). When recognizing that the failed part is recovered from the failure, the optical crossconnect apparatus  11  performs switchback (S 10 ), and then ends the flow. 
     An application of the optical crossconnect apparatus  11  will be described with reference to the network of  FIGS. 7 and 8 . In  FIG. 7 , there is shown Path # 1  of Wavelength λ 1  extending from Node # 2  to Node # 4  through Link # 2 - 4 . Upon occurrence of a link failure in Link # 2 - 4 , Node # 1  performs restoration by bypassing to the route through Node # 3 , as shown in  FIG. 8 , using a backup path of Wavelength λ 2  extending from Node # 2  to Node # 3  through Link # 2 - 3  and a backup path of Wavelength λ 3  extending from Node # 3  to Node # 4  through Link # 3 - 4 . Hereinafter, the description will be made on a working path setting procedure, a backup path setting procedure, a procedure of backup path pre-health confirmation, a restoration procedure, and a switchback procedure of Path # 1  in this order. 
     (Working Path Setting) 
     The working path setting will be described with reference to  FIG. 9 . Incidentally, in order to simplify the drawings, the multiplexers and demultiplexers are not shown in  FIG. 9  and also in  FIGS. 14 and 16  that will be described below. The working path setting is done by crossconnect settings XC 2 - 1 , XC 2 - 2  and a wavelength setting C 2 - 1  (Wavelength λ 1 ) of Node # 2 , and by crossconnect settings XC 4 - 1 , XC 4 - 2  and a wavelength setting C 4 - 1  (Wavelength λ 1 ) of Node # 4 . 
     (Backup Path Setting) 
     The backup path setting will be described with reference to  FIG. 9 . In  FIG. 9 , the backup path setting is done by a crossconnect setting XC 2 - 11  of Node # 2 , crossconnect settings XC 3 - 11  and XC  3 - 12  of Node # 3 , and a crossconnect setting XC 4 - 11  of Node # 4 . Herein, there are not set a crossconnect setting XC 2 - 21  and a wavelength setting C 2 - 11  of Node # 2 , crossconnect settings XC 3 - 21 , XC 3 - 22  and wavelength settings C 3 - 11 , C 3 - 21  of Node # 3 , and a crossconnect setting XC 4 - 21  and a wavelength setting C 4 - 21  of Node # 4 , except in the cases of the backup path pre-health confirmation and restoration. This is because the wavelength tunable transmitter  51  of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  used for the backup path is shared by plural backup paths. 
     In  FIG. 9 , the fixed crossconnect setting of the backup path is indicated by the bold dashed line. The setting shared by plural backup paths is indicated by the thin dashed line. As apparent from  FIG. 9 , the crossconnect of the optical switch  10  in the reception side of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  is fixed, while the crossconnect of the optical switch  10  in the transmission side is shared. The transmission wavelength of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  varies among the plurality of backup paths. In this manner, the crossconnect of the optical switch  10  in the reception side of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  is fixed to make it possible to receive in-channel control signals. 
     (Backup Path Pre-Health Confirmation) 
     The method of the backup path pre-health confirmation will be described with reference to  FIGS. 9 to 12 . Herein,  FIG. 10  is a sequence diagram illustrating an operation of the backup path pre-health confirmation.  FIGS. 11A to 11C  are diagrams showing path tables stored in the route-wavelength management information DBs of the respective nodes.  FIG. 12  is a view illustrating the time allocation for the backup path pre-health confirmation. Incidentally, in relation to Path # 1 , Node # 2  will be referred to as a source node, Node # 4  as an destination node, and Node # 3  as a intermediate node, respectively. 
     In  FIG. 10 , upon reception of a health confirmation request (which will be described below with reference to  FIG. 12 ) from the network management apparatus  200  (S 6 - 1 ), the source node (Node # 2 ) determines the fiber and wavelength of the next emission destination from the output column of the information table (T 2 - 1  in  FIG. 11A ) (S 6 - 2 ). The monitoring controller  100  of the source node sets the wavelength (C 2 - 11  in  FIG. 9 ) of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  to the value (λ 2 ) of the table (S 6 - 3 ), and sets the crossconnect setting (XC 2 - 21  in  FIG. 9 ) of the optical switch  10  to the values (Link # 2 - 3 , λ 2  in  FIG. 11A ) (S 6 - 4 ). The monitoring controller  100  controls the overhead processor  45  of the wavelength tunable repeater  50 , and emits a “confirmation message (in-channel control signal)” to the intermediate node (Node # 3 ) (S 6 - 5 ). Herein, the monitoring controller  100  releases the crossconnect setting (XC 2 - 21 ) (S 6 - 6 ), and also releases the wavelength setting (C 2 - 11 ) (S 6 - 7 ). 
     When the overhead processor  45  of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  receives the “confirmation message” (S 6 - 11 ), the intermediate node (Node # 3 ) determines the forwarding destination from the output column of the information table (T 3 - 1  in  FIG. 11B ) (S 6 - 12 ). The monitoring controller  100  of the intermediate node sets the wavelength (C 3 - 11  in  FIG. 9C ) of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  to the value (λ 3 ) of the table (S 6 - 13 ), sets the crossconnect setting (XC 3 - 21 ) of the optical switch  10  to the values (Link # 3 - 4 , λ 3  in  FIG. 11B ) of the table (S 6 - 14 ), and forwards the “confirmation message” to the destination node (Node # 4 ) (S 6 - 15 ). The monitoring controller  100  releases the crossconnect setting (XC 3 - 21 ) (S 6 - 16 ), and also releases the wavelength setting (C 3 - 11 ) (S 6 - 17 ). 
     Similarly, the destination node (Node # 4 ) receives the “confirmation message” (S 6 - 21 ), and determines the forwarding destination from the output column of the information table (T 4 - 1  in  FIG. 1C ) (S 6 - 22 ). The monitoring controller  100  of the destination node sets the wavelength (C 4 - 21 ) of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  to the value (λ 3 ) of the table (S 6 - 23 ), sets the crossconnect setting (XC 4 - 21 ) of the optical switch  10  to the values (Link # 3 - 4 , λ 3 ) of the table (S 6 - 24 ), and forwards the “confirmation message” to the intermediate node (Node # 3 ) (S 6 - 25 ). The monitoring controller  100  releases the crossconnect setting (XC 4 - 21 ) (S 6 - 26 ), and also releases the wavelength setting (C 4 - 21 ) (S 6 - 27 ). 
     Similarly, the intermediate node (Node # 3 ) receives the “confirmation message” (S 6 - 31 ), and determines the forwarding destination from the output column of the information table (T 3 - 2  in  FIG. 11B ) (S 6 - 32 ). The monitoring controller  100  of the intermediate node sets the wavelength (C 3 - 21 ) of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  to the value (λ 2 ) of the table (S 6 - 33 ), sets the crossconnect setting (XC 3 - 22 ) of the optical switch  10  to the values (Link # 2 - 3 , λ 2 ) of the table (S 6 - 34 ), and forwards the “confirmation message” to the source node (Node # 2 ) (S 6 - 35 ). The monitoring controller  100  of the intermediate node releases the crossconnect setting (XC 3 - 22 ) (S 6 - 36 ), and also releases the wavelength setting (C 3 - 21 ) (S 6 - 37 ). 
     The source node (Node # 2 ) receives the “confirmation message” (S 6 - 41 ), and recognizes health of the backup path. Further, in order to notify the intermediate node (Node # 3 ) and the destination node (Node # 4 ) about this information, the source node emits a “notification message (in-channel control signal)” in the same way as the “confirmation message”. 
     The source node (Node # 2 ) determines the fiber to which the “notification message” is emitted and its wavelength from the output column of the information table (T 2 - 1 ) (S 6 - 42 ). The monitoring controller  100  sets the wavelength (C 2 - 11 ) of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  to the value (λ 2 ) of the table (S 6 - 43 ), sets the crossconnect setting (XC 2 - 21 ) of the optical switch  10  to the values (Link # 2 - 3 , λ 2 ) of the table (S 6 - 44 ), and emits the “notification message” to the intermediate node (Node # 3 ) (S 6 - 45 ). The monitoring controller  100  releases the crossconnect setting (XC 2 - 21 ) (S 6 - 46 ), and also releases the wavelength setting (C 2 - 11 ) (S 6 - 47 ). 
     The intermediate node (Node # 3 ) receives the “notification message” (S 6 - 51 ), and then determines the next forwarding destination from the output column of the information table (T 3 - 1 ) (S 6 - 52 ). The monitoring controller  100  sets the wavelength (C 3 - 11 ) of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  to the value (λ 3 ) of the table (S 6 - 53 ), sets the crossconnect setting (XC 3 - 21 ) of the optical switch  10  to the values (Link # 3 - 4 , λ 3 ) of the table (S 6 - 54 ), and forwards the “notification message” to the destination node (Node # 4 ) (S 6 - 55 ). The monitoring controller  100  releases the crossconnect setting (XC 3 - 21 ) (S 6 - 56 ), and also releases the wavelength setting (C 3 - 11 ) (S 6 - 57 ). 
     The destination node (Node # 4 ) receives the “notification message” through the intermediate node (Node # 3 ) (S 6 - 61 ), and thereby obtains the information on the backup path health. 
     The request of the backup path pre-health confirmation is issued by the network management apparatus. The timing of issuing the request of the backup path pre-health confirmation is provided based on the time allocation as shown in  FIG. 12 . Assuming that the number of backup paths used for partial relief of the working path is up to N and the confirmation cycle of the backup paths is T seconds for the assumed network failure, the time allocated to one backup path is T/N. Incidentally, the values of T and N are selected so that the value of T/N exceeds the time required from START to END shown in  FIG. 10 . The reason why the time allocation is made is to avoid competition in the wavelength tunable repeater, which may possibly occur when the pre-heath confirmation of plural backup paths is started at the same timing. 
     (Restoration) 
     The restoration of Optical Path # 1  shown in  FIG. 8  will be described with reference to  FIGS. 13 to 17A  and  17 B. Herein,  FIG. 13  is a sequence diagram illustrating a restoration operation.  FIG. 14  and  FIG. 16  are block diagrams each illustrating an operation of the optical crossconnect apparatus.  FIGS. 15A to 15C  are diagrams showing path tables (bandwidth reservation) stored in the route-wavelength management information DBs  104  of the respective nodes.  FIG. 16  is a view illustrating an operation of the optical crossconnect apparatus.  FIG. 17  is a diagram showing path tables (exchange) stored in the route-wavelength management information of the respective nodes. 
     In  FIG. 13 , upon detection of a failure in the wavelength tunable transponder  40  (S 8 - 1 ), the monitoring controller  100  of the destination node (Node # 4 ) determines the output fiber of the backup path to be the emission destination and its wavelength channel from the output column of the information table (T 4 - 1  in  FIG. 15C ) (S 8 - 2 ). The monitoring controller  100  sets the wavelength (C 4 - 21  in  FIG. 14 ) of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  to the value (λ 3 ) of the table (S 8 - 3 ), sets the crossconnect setting (XC 4 - 21 ) of the optical switch  10  to the values (Link # 3 - 4 , λ 3 ) of the table (S 8 - 4 ), and emits a “bandwidth reservation request (in-channel control signal)” to the intermediate node (Node # 3 ) (S 8 - 5 ). 
     The intermediate node (Node # 3 ) receives the “bandwidth reservation request” (S 8 - 11 ). The monitoring controller  100  determines the forwarding destination from the output column of the information table (T 3 - 2  in  FIG. 15B ) (S 8 - 12 ). Then, the monitoring controller  100  sets the wavelength (C 3 - 21 ) of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  to the value (λ 2 ) of the table (S 8 - 13 ), sets the crossconnect setting (XC 3 - 11 ) of the optical switch  10  to the values (Link # 2 - 3 , λ 2 ) of the table (S 8 - 14 ), and forwards the “bandwidth reservation request” to the source node (Node # 2 ) (S 8 - 15 ). 
     The source node (Node # 2 ) receives the “bandwidth reservation request” (S 8 - 21 ). The monitoring controller  100  determines the forwarding destination from the output column of the information table (T 2 - 1  in  FIG. 15A ) (S 8 - 22 ). Then, the monitoring controller  100  sets the wavelength (C 2 - 11  in  FIG. 14 ) of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  to the value (λ 2 ) of the table (S 8 - 23 ), sets the crossconnect setting (XC 2 - 21 ) of the optical switch  10  to the values (Link # 2 - 3 , λ 2 ) of the table (S 8 - 24 ), and forwards the “bandwidth reservation request” to the intermediate node (Node # 3 ) (S 8 - 25 ). The intermediate node (Node # 3 ) receives the “bandwidth reservation request” (S 8 - 31 ). The monitoring controller  100  determines the forwarding destination from the output column of the information table (T 3 - 1 ) (S 8 - 32 ). Then, the monitoring controller  100  sets the wavelength (C 3 - 11 ) of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  to the value (λ 3 ) of the table (S 8 - 33 ), sets the crossconnect setting (XC 3 - 21 ) of the optical switch  10  to the values (Link # 2 - 3 , λ 2 ) of the table (S 8 - 34 ), and forwards the “bandwidth reservation request” to the destination node (Node # 4 ) (S 8 - 35 ). 
     The destination node (Node # 4 ) receives the “bandwidth reservation request” (S 8 - 41 ). The monitoring controller  100  emits an “exchange request (in-channel control signal)” in order to exchange the backup path for which the bandwidth is reserved, with the failed part of the working path (S 8 - 42 ). The intermediate node (Node # 3 ) receives the “exchange request” and forwards the request to the source node (Node # 2 ) (S 8 - 51 ). 
     Upon reception of the “exchange request” (S 8 - 61 ), the source node (Node # 2 ) forwards the “exchange request” (S 8 - 62 ), and determines the route table for the failure of Link # 2 - 4 , from the failure column of the exchange table (T 2 - 11 ) (S 8 - 63 ). Then, the source node exchanges the wavelength between the wavelength tunable repeater  50  and the wavelength tunable transponder  40 , namely, the former is set to λ 1  and the latter to λ 2  (S 8 - 64 ), and exchanges the target fiber and the wavelength channel between the wavelength tunable repeater  50  and the wavelength tunable transponder  40 , namely, the former is set to Link # 2 - 4  with λ 1  channel and the latter to Link # 2 - 3  with λ 2  channel (S 8 - 65 ). The intermediate node (Node # 3 ) receives the “exchange request” and forwards the request to the destination node (Node # 4 ) (S 8 - 71 ). 
     The destination node (Node # 4 ) receives the “exchange request” (S 8 - 81 ), and determines the route table for the failure of Link # 2 - 4 , from the failure column of the exchange table (T 4 - 11 ) (S 8 - 82 ). The destination node exchanges the wavelengths of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  and the wavelength tunable transponder  40 , namely, the former is set to λ 1  and the latter to λ 3  (S 8 - 83 ), and exchanges the target fibers and their wavelength channels of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  and the wavelength tunable transponder  40 , namely, the former is set to Link # 2 - 4  with λ 1  channel and the latter to Link # 3 - 4  with λ 3  channel (S 8 - 84 ). Then, the destination node notifies the network management apparatus about the end of the exchange operation (S 8 - 85 ), and ends the sequence. 
     The description will be made, with reference to FIG.  16 , on the optical switch setting, together with the transmission wavelengths of the wavelength tunable transponder and the wavelength tunable repeater, for each node after completion of the restoration. The wavelength tunable transponder  40  of Node # 2  converts the optical signal from the client to Wavelength λ 2 . The optical signal of Wavelength λ 2  is received in the wavelength tunable repeater  50  of Node # 3  through Link # 2 - 3  by means of the optical switch  10 . The wavelength tunable repeater  50  of Node # 3  converts the received optical signal of Wavelength λ 2  to Wavelength λ 3 . The optical signal of Wavelength λ 3  is received in the wavelength tunable transponder  40  of Node # 4  by means of the optical switch  10  through Link # 2 - 3 . The wavelength tunable transponder  40  of Node # 4  forwards the received optical signal to the client. 
     On the other hand, the wavelength tunable repeater  50  of Node # 2  sets the transmission wavelength to λ 1 . The optical switch  10  of Node # 2  connects the optical signal of Wavelength λ 1  from the wavelength tunable repeater  50  to Link # 2 - 4 . The optical switch  10  of Node # 4  connects Link # 2 - 4  and the wavelength tunable repeater  50 . Then, the wavelength tunable repeater  50  monitors the optical signals from Link # 2 - 4 . This makes it possible to monitor failure recovery of Link # 2 - 4  where the failure has occurred. 
     Incidentally, recovery monitoring of the failed part in the working path can be performed in the same manner as the backup path health confirmation, because the output wavelength and target link of the wavelength tunable repeater are exchanged. 
     (Switchback) 
     The switchback method will be described with reference to  FIGS. 18 ,  11 A to  1 C, and  17 A and  17 B. Herein,  FIG. 18  is a sequence diagram illustrating a switchback operation. 
     In  FIG. 18 , the destination node (Node # 4 ) detects failure recovery of Link # 2 - 4  by the wavelength tunable repeater  50  (S 10 - 21 ). The monitoring controller  100  emits a “switchback request (in-channel control signal)” to the source node (Node # 2 ) in order to perform switchback (S 10 - 2 ). The source node (Node # 2 ) receives the “switchback request” by the wavelength tunable repeater  50  (S 10 - 21 ), and forwards the “switchback request” to the destination node (Node # 4 ) (S 10 - 22 ). Next, the monitoring controller  100  determines the appropriate connection that Link # 2 - 4  should have in the normal condition from the path table (exchange) (T 2 - 11 ) of  FIGS. 17A and 17B  (S 10 - 23 ), and exchanges the wavelengths currently set to the wavelength tunable repeater  50  and the wavelength tunable transponder  40  to return them to the original settings. More specifically, the former is set to λ 2  and the latter to λ 1  (S 10 - 24 ). The monitoring controller  100  exchanges the target fibers and their wavelength channels of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  and the wavelength tunable transponder  40  to return them to the original settings, namely, the former is set to Link # 2 - 3  with λ 2  channel and the latter to Link # 2 - 4  with λ 1  channel (S 10 - 25 ). 
     The destination node (Node # 4 ) receives the “switchback request” (S 10 - 41 ). The monitoring controller  100  determines the appropriate connection that Link # 2 - 4  should have in the normal condition from the path table (exchange) (T 4 - 11 ) of  FIG. 17  (S 10 - 42 ), and exchanges the wavelengths currently set to the wavelength tunable repeater  50  and the wavelength tunable transponder  40  to return them to the original settings, namely, the former is set to λ 3  and the latter to λ 1  (S 10 - 43 ). The monitoring controller  100  exchanges the target fibers and their wavelength channels of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  and the wavelength tunable transponder  40 , namely, the former is set to Link # 3 - 4  with λ 3  channel and the latter to Link # 2 - 4  with λ 1  channel (S 10 - 44 ). Further, the destination node (Node # 4 ) emits a “bandwidth release request (in-channel control signal)” to the intermediate node (Node # 3 ) (S 10 - 51 ). 
     The intermediate node (Node # 3 ) receives the “bandwidth release request” by the wavelength tunable repeater  50  (S 10 - 61 ), and forwards the “bandwidth release request” to Node # 2  (S 10 - 62 ). Next, the monitoring controller  100  determines the content to be released, from the output column of the path table (T 3 - 2 ) of  FIG. 11  (S 10 - 63 ), releases the value (XC 3 - 22 ) currently setting the crossconnect of the optical switch  10 , and also releases the wavelength setting value (λ 2 , C 3 - 21 ) of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  (S 10 - 65 ). 
     The source node (Node # 2 ) receives the “bandwidth release request” by the wavelength tunable repeater  50  (S 10 - 71 ). The monitoring controller  100  forwards the “bandwidth release request” to the intermediate node (Node # 3 ) (S 10 - 72 ). The monitoring controller  100  determines the content to be released, from the output column of the information table (T 2 - 1 ) (S 10 - 73 ), releases the value (XC 2 - 21 ) currently setting the crossconnect of the optical switch  10  (S 10 - 74 ), and also releases the wavelength setting value (λ 2 , C 2 - 11 ) of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  (S 10 - 75 ). 
     The intermediate node (Node # 3 ) receives the “bandwidth release request” by the wavelength tunable repeater  50  (S 10 - 81 ). The monitoring controller  100  forwards the “bandwidth release request” to the destination node (Node # 4 ) (S 10 - 82 ). The monitoring controller  100  determines the content to be released, from the output column of the information table (T 3 - 1 ) (S 10 - 83 ), releases the value (XC 3 - 21 ) currently setting the crossconnect of the optical switch  10 , and also releases the wavelength setting value (λ 2 , C 3 - 11 ) of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  (S 10 - 85 ). 
     The destination node (Node # 4 ) receives the “bandwidth release request” by the wavelength tunable repeater  50  (S 10 - 91 ). The monitoring controller  100  determines the content to be released, from the output column of the information table (T 4 - 1 ) (S 10 - 92 ), releases the value (XC 4 - 21 ) currently setting the crossconnect of the optical switch  10  (S 10 - 93 ), and also releases the wavelength setting value (λ 3 , C 4 - 21 ) of the wavelength tunable repeater  50  (S 10 - 94 ), and then ends the bandwidth release of the backup paths. Further, the destination node (Node # 4 ) notifies the network management apparatus about the end of the switchback operation (S 10 - 95 ), and then ends the switchback sequence. 
     According to the exemplary embodiment, it is possible to transmit and receive the in-channel control signals by connecting the tunable wavelength conversion repeater and the multiplexer in the side of the bypass route, when needed. Further, according to the exemplary embodiment, the above-described connection is made in the start of the transmission of the in-channel control signal and is released after completion of the transmission, so that the tunable wavelength conversion repeater can be shared with failure-independent backup paths. In addition, when a failure occurs in the working path, it is possible to recover the path from failure and monitor the restoration of the failed part in the working path, by exchanging the output wavelengths and target links of the wavelength tunable transponder and the wavelength tunable repeater, after the alternate link has been reserved. 
     According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an optical crossconnect apparatus capable of transmitting and receiving in-channel control signals through the OEO conversion once per node, by connecting the tunable wavelength conversion repeater and the multiplexer in the side of the bypath route when needed.