Abstract:
An implementation of the present invention for 4800 bits per second comprises a voice encoder and decoder method and system that uses voice excitation, eliminating the voice/unvoiced pitch tracking, and the first formant up to 2400 Hertz, does not use pulse code modulation encoding, but uses the zero crossings only of the first formant, dividing by two and sampling at 2400 Hertz. The resulting combination uses half of the bit rate for excitation and the remainder for short term spectrum analysis. The spectrum is updated each 20.8 milliseconds using 50 bits per frame. The decoder extracts the excitation, multiplies it by two and uses a Hanning modified sawtooth and spectral flattening to excite the spectrum generator. This waveform produces both even and odd harmonics for both periodic (voiced) and aperiodic (unvoiced) frequencies and gives naturalness to all languages and speakers. The technique for 2400 bits per second utilizes first formant up to 1100 Hertz heterodyning down by 300 Hertz, dividing by tow and sampling at 800 Hertz. The short term power spectrum uses a difference encoding to give a frame of 36 bits which is sent at 44.4 Hertz rate. The demultiplexed excitation is then heterodyned to the original frequency, where it is then used to excite the decoded short term spectrum and the resultant is naturally sounding speech. Both 4800 BPS and 2400 BPS excitation is delayed by one frame before it is used to stimulate the short term power spectrum inverse filters.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   A vocoder is a speech analyzer and synthesizer. The human voice consists of sounds generated by the opening and closing of the glottis by the vocal cords, which produces a periodic waveform. This basic sound is then modified by the nose and throat to produce differences in pitch in a controlled way, creating the wide variety of sounds used in speech. There are another set of sounds, known as the unvoiced and plosive sounds, which are not modified by the mouth in said fashion. 
   The vocoder examines speech by finding this basic frequency, the fundamental frequency, and measuring how it is changed over time by recording someone speaking. This results in a series of numbers representing these modified frequencies at any particular time as the user speaks. In doing so, the vocoder dramatically reduces the amount of information needed to store speech, from a complete recording to a series of numbers. To recreate speech, the vocoder simply reverses the process, creating the fundamental frequency in an oscillator, and then passing it into a modifier that changes the frequency based on the originally recorded series of numbers. 
   Disadvantageously, the actual qualities of speech cannot be reproduced so easily. In addition to a single fundamental frequency, the vocal system adds in a number of resonant frequencies that add character and quality to the voice, known as the formant. Without capturing these additional qualities, the vocoder will not sound authentic. 
   In order to address this, most vocoder systems use what are effectively a number of coders, all tuned to different frequencies, using band-pass filters. The various values of these filters are stored not as raw numbers, which are all based on the original fundamental frequency, but as a series of modifications to that fundamental needed to modify it into the signal seen in the filter. During playback these settings are sent back into the filters and then added together, modified with the knowledge that speech typically varies between these frequencies in a fairly linear way. The result is recognizable speech, although somewhat “mechanical” sounding. Vocoders also often include a second system for generating unvoiced sounds, using a noise generator instead of the fundamental frequency. 
   Standard systems to record speech record a frequency from about 300 Hz to 4 kHz, where most of the frequencies used in speech reside, which requires 64 kbit/s of bandwidth, due to the Nyquist Criterion regarding sample rates for highest frequency. In digitizing operations, the sampling rate is the frequency with which samples are taken and converted into digital form. The Nyquist frequency is the sampling frequency which is twice that of the analog frequency being captured. For example, the sampling rate for high fidelity playback is 44.1 kHz, slightly more than double the 20 kHz frequency a person can hear. The sampling rate for digitizing voice for a toll-quality conversation is 8,000 times per second, or 8 kHz, twice the 4 kHz required for the full spectrum of the human voice. The higher the sampling rate, the closer real-world objects are represented in digital form. 
   Conventional low bit rate vocoders (below 4800 bits per second) use a decision process to determine if excitation is either voiced, e.g., vocal cords or unvoiced, e.g., hiss or white noise, and if voiced, a measure of the vocal pitch. The short term spectrum and the voiced pitch/unvoiced, is transmitted with a new frame approximately every 20 milliseconds via a digital link, and the reconstructed spectrum generator is excited by the pitch or white noise and speech is reproduced. 
   One of the disadvantages of conventional vocoders is the voice/unvoiced decision and accurate pitch estimation. For English speakers, voice quality is usually acceptable since the algorithms were developed using English speakers, but for other languages, these low bit rate vocoders do not sound natural. Higher bit rate voice excited vocoders do not require any voice/unvoiced decision or pitch tracking and preserve the intelligibility and speaker identification. The principle of operation is to encode the first formant speech band and use it to provide excitation input to the spectrum generator. Formant refers to any of several frequency regions of relatively great intensity in a sound spectrum, which together determine the characteristic quality of a vowel sound. 
   The vocal tract is characterized by a number of resonances or formants which shape the spectrum of the excitation function, typically three below 3000 Hertz. The first formant contains all components, both periodic (voiced) and non periodic (unvoiced) excitations. 
   The first formant is encoded using pulse code modulation (pcm), and then analyzing the remainder of the speech spectrum and transmitting the excitation and speech spectrum every 20-25 milliseconds. The received first formant is then decoded and is used as excitation for the spectrum generator to produce natural sounding speech. These vocoders typically use 8000 bits per second or more for natural sounding speech. 
   BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   4800 Bits per Second 
   The present invention uses voice excitation, eliminating the voice/unvoiced pitch tracking, and the first formant up to 2400 Hertz, does not use pulse code modulation encoding, but uses the zero crossings only of the first formant, dividing by two and sampling at 2400 Hertz. The resulting combination uses half of the bit rate for excitation and the remainder for short term spectrum analysis. The spectrum is updated 48 times per second using 50 bits per frame. This technique provides high intelligibility with good speaker recognition. The decoder extracts the excitation, multiplies it by two and uses a Hanning modified sawtooth and spectral flattening to excite the spectrum generator. This waveform produces both even and odd harmonics for both periodic (voiced) and aperiodic (unvoiced) frequencies and gives naturalness to all languages and speakers. An advantage of this technique is that telephone signaling (DTMF) is that encoding for the signal tones are passed through so that separate DTMF encoding and decoding and devices are not required. Other vocoders require additional circuitry to recognize DTMF and to regenerate the tones. 
   In the present invention, the power spectrum gain for each band of frequencies is 24 dB. The channel bandwidths for the short term spectrum is rectified and low pass filtered, then encoded using 4 bits for the power level. Because of the close correlation of the adjacent spectrum levels, a different type of spectrum frame encoding is used. The first 8 channels are transmitted using 4 bits each, the difference between channel  8  and  9  transmits 3 bits difference between the magnitudes. Channels,  10  through  16  use two bits difference from the previous, channels. Because of the limited dynamic range of the encoder analog to digital converter, an automatic gain control (AGC) is required for optimum performance. The AGC is digitally controlled, and is only permitted to adjust the gain during voiced speech. The update rate uses a 20 Hertz frequency. Voicing decision compares the lower speech frequency coefficients to the higher speech frequencies and if the lower frequencies energy is higher, then the AGC is permitted to adjust the gain. The AGC provides an additional 24 dB giving a total dynamic range equal to standard PCM Codec. 
   At the decoder, the excitation is demultiplexed, the excitation is multiplied by two and the pulses are converted to a Hanning modified sawtooth that is spectrally flattened to give equal amplitudes to all of the harmonics and used as excitation for the spectrum generator. The gain coefficients are decoded and used to synthesize the voice. The resultant synthesis sounds natural and the intelligibility is as good as a toll quality telephone line. 
   Although the description of the invention uses analog circuits and bandwidths to more easily describe voice excitation, the implementation can be easily realized using digital signal processing techniques and microprocessors or linear predictive spectral encoding and readily available conventional codecs. 
   2400 Bits Per Second 
   The 2400 bits per second vocoder of the present invention restricts the first formant to 300 to 1100 Hertz, and then translates the first formant down 300 Hertz to near zero frequency to 800 Hertz. It then uses the same technique of zero crossings and divides by two of the first formant, this gives a maximum of frequency of 400 Hertz. The sampling frequency then is ⅓ of the bit rate or 800 bits per second for the excitation. This leaves 1600 bits to encode the spectral information. 
   The spectrum frame rate is 22.5 milliseconds. The frequency amplitude spectrum is encoded using either a predictive short term frequency analysis, bandpass filter channels or a Fast Fourier Transform. If bandpass channels are implemented since the correlation between spectrum amplitude frequency analysis bands is good then a difference or delta encoding is used. The spectral information uses 36 bits per frame. The first spectral band is encoded using 4 bits for amplitude, bands  2  through  7  use a delta or difference encoding of 2 bits. Band  8  uses 3 bits delta encoding. Bands  9  through  16  use 2 bits delta encoding each, giving 35 bits per frame for spectral information and a one frame sync bit. 
   At the decoder, the excitation is demultiplexed, the excitation is passed through a 400 Hertz low pass filter; multiplied by two and frequency translated to 1100 Hertz where the zero crossings are converted to the Hanning modified sawtooth that is spectrally flattened and used as excitation for the spectrum generator. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of the first formant encoder excitation extraction and frequency divide by two operation for the 4800 bits per second vocoder implementation of the present invention. 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram of the decoder excitation and frequency multiplied by two operation for the first formant and the excitation weighting function for 4800 bits per second vocoder implementation of the present invention. 
       FIG. 3A  is a block diagram of the 4800 bits per second vocoder transmitter implementation of the present invention using the first formant zero crossing and divide by two and non channel short term spectrum. 
       FIG. 3B  is a block diagram of a 4800 bits per second vocoder receiver implementation of the present invention using the multiply by two excitation extraction and non channel short term spectrum operation. 
       FIG. 4  is a block is a block diagram of the 4800 bits per second channel vocoder encoder implementation of the present invention using the first formant extraction, band pass filters, rectification and filtering and analog to digital conversion of the power spectral density and frame formatter. 
       FIG. 5  is a block diagram showing the excitation extraction at 4800 bits per second and the modem clock divided by two to provide sampling of the zero crossings divided by two. 
       FIG. 6  is the block diagram for the 4800 bits per second voice excited channel vocoder receiver implementation of the present invention. 
       FIG. 7  is a timing diagram showing the excitation and channel spectrum framing for 4800 bits per second as used in the present invention. 
       FIG. 8  is a block diagram of the 2400 bits per second channel vocoder transmitter implementation of the present invention using the first formant zero crossing and divide by two. 
       FIG. 9  is a block diagram of a 2400 bits per second vocoder transmitter implementation of the present invention using the excitation and translation, but a non channel spectrum analyzer. 
       FIG. 10  is a block diagram of a 2400 bits per second vocoder receiver implementation of the present invention using frequency translation and excitation. 
       FIG. 11  is the timing diagram for the excitation and spectrum framing for a 2400 bits per second channel vocoder of the present invention. 
       FIG. 12  shows a block diagram of a method of spectral flattening of the excitation in a channel vocoder of the present invention. 
       FIG. 13  shows a block diagram of a Linear Predictive Coded Vocoder using conventional voice/unvoiced decision and pitch tracking. 
       FIG. 14  shows a block diagram of a Linear Predictive Coded Vocoder using-voice excitation. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1  is a block diagram of the first formant encoder excitation extraction and frequency divide by two operation for the 4800 bits per second vocoder implementation of the present invention. As seen therein, transformer  100  isolates an audio input, such as a telephone line with a typical impedance of 600 ohms. The input could be a microphone or other type of speech input. Buffer amplifier  102  isolates the input from the device. Automatic gain control  103  adjusts the long term gain for each level of input. Automatic gain control  103 , either a digital or analog device, also could be a device that uses only voiced (vocal tract) decisions to adjust the long term audio level. Anti-aliasing filter  104  removes frequencies higher than one half of the sampling rate. The filter response could be implemented as a Bessel filter or could also be implemented using other techniques such as elliptic function (Cauer) followed by an all pass to give a flat group delay. The envelope delay should be the same for all frequencies in the pass band. Variable gain device  105  consists of a potentiometer and a buffer amplifier and is used to set the level for zero crossing detector  106 . Zero crossing detector  106  is referenced to zero volts and has an output that is compatible with the type of digital logic voltage levels. Zero crossings give basic excitation frequencies that are used to derive speech modeling. Bistable multivibrator  107  divides the basic zero crossing frequencies by two. Although a “D” flip flop  108  is shown, “JK” flip flops or other types can be used. “D” type register  108  is used to store the output of  107  and is clocked at the sample rate which is a sub multiple of the synchronous clock. The output of “D” flip flop  108  is sent to the multiplexer frame formatter where it is transmitted continuously as part of the data stream and is independent of the spectrum amplitude. As seen in  FIG. 1 , the filtering, zero crossing and divide by two and sampling at a sub multiple of the synchronous channel clock allows voice excitation to be sent at lower bit rates than other similar voice encoders. 
     FIG. 2  is a block diagram of the decoder excitation and frequency multiplied by two operation for the first formant and the excitation weighting function for 4800 bits per second vocoder implementation of the present invention. As seen therein, excitation synthesis, the excitation divided by two is sent from the frame demultiplexer to “two bit” shift register  200  that could be either “D” or “JK” flip flop and clocked at a much higher rate than the data clock. The output from each register is connected to a device such as an “exclusive or” device  201  which gives an output at each edge either positive or negative and thus gives a frequency that is twice the input frequency which restores the original zero crossing frequencies. If analog detection is used, a differentiator with either the negative or positive peaks could be used. The output of the frequency multiplier, comprising “two bit” shift register  200  and “exclusive or” device  201  is then sent to pulse stretcher  202  which could be a one-shot multivibrator. The output of pulse stretcher  202  is then sent to a Hanning weighted sawtooth waveform generator  203  where the output from pulse stretcher  202  is used to generate a sawtooth waveform that is multiplied by a raised cosine or Hanning weighted function that also is modified to eliminate any direct current components. The sawtooth wave more closely models the vocal tract excitation and also includes both even and odd harmonics. The output is sent to a spectral flattener which gives equal amplitudes to all harmonics of the voice excitation. The spectral flattener is a key component of voice coding techniques, and can be constructed as shown in  FIG. 12  or could be the outputs of a bank of filters with a fast attack automatic gain control, or the sign bit or most significant bit of an output of a digital filter. 
     FIG. 3  provides a block diagram for a 4800 bits per second vocoder transmitter implementation of the present invention which could be a non-channel vocoder. Automatic gain control  301 , which can be either digital or analog, adjusts the long term gain for each level of input. It also could be a device that uses only voiced (vocal tract) decisions to adjust the long term audio level. First formant filter  302  can be based upon a Bessel (flat envelope delay) realization and could be implemented as an analog or digital device. Circuit module  303  implements the excitation analysis of  FIG. 1 . Spectrum analyzer  304  provides a short term frequency spectrum for the typical telephone line bandwidth of 300 to 3000 Hertz. The output of the spectrum analyzer  304  is converted by ADC  305  into a 4 bit amplitude for either frequency bands or a linear predictive code. Multiplexer  306  combines the excitation and short term spectrum into a single data stream that is clocked by the synchronous data channel  307 . Synchronous data channel  307  can be either a wireless or to a digital channel. 
     FIG. 3B  is a block diagram of a 4800 bits per second vocoder receiver implementation of the present invention using the multiply by two excitation extraction and non channel short term spectrum. The receiver is a 4800 bits per second vocoder receiver which could be a non-channel vocoder. Demultiplexer  308  separates the excitation from the short term spectrum weighting. Module  309  is adapted to perform the excitation synthesis shown in  FIG. 2 . Spectral flattener  310  flattens the spectrum to give equal amplitudes to all harmonics. Spectrum generator  311  takes the spectrum weighting excited by module  309  and synthesizes speech. 
     FIG. 4  is a block is a block diagram of a 4800 bits per second channel vocoder implementation of the present invention illustrating the first formant excitation, channel filters, band pass spectrum power density, analog to digital conversion and multiplexing of the excitation and spectral power density to a synchronous modem channel. As seen therein, module  400  comprises a preamplifier and a band pass filter that limits the input frequencies to 300 Hertz to 3000 Hertz. Automatic gain control  401 , either a digital or analog device, adjusts the long term gain for each level of input. Automatic gain control  401  could be a device that uses only voiced (vocal tract) decisions to adjust the long term audio level. 2400 Hertz low pass filter  402  has a Bessel flat delay response and is used to limit the frequencies to the excitation extraction module  403  (as seen as modules  106  through  108  in  FIG. 1 ). Filter module  404  consists of 16 Bessel response band pass filters that give overlapping coverage from 300 Hertz to 3000 Hertz. Filter module  404  comprises 16 rectifiers and 16 low pass filters operable to provide a dc voltage that represents the power spectral density of each band pass. The low pass filter of filter module  404  comprises a first order low pass that is matched to the frame rate (40 Hertz). Multiplexer  405  sequentially switches between all 16 channels and controls the start of conversion for a four bit analog to digital converter  406 . Each channel&#39;s four bit amplitude is stored in a register located in frame formatter  407 . Channels  1  through  8  are encoded as the full 4 bits. Frame formatter  407  includes a  4  bit magnitude comparator that compares channel  8  and channel  9  and the 3 most significant bits are encoded. Channel  10  through  14  are compared using the difference between the previous channel and the two most significant bits are encoded. Channel  15  is compared with the four bit magnitude of channel  14  and two difference bits is encoded. Channel  16  is compared with channel  15  and two difference bits are encoded. The frames consist of 50 synchronization and 9 bits are used for spectrum levels. The frame rate is 48 frames per second as explained in the description of  FIG. 7 . 
     FIG. 5  is a block diagram illustrating the excitation extraction at 4800 bits per second and the modem clock divided by two operation which to provides sampling of the zero crossings divided by two. As seen therein, 2400 Hertz Bessel response low pass filter  500  is followed by zero crossing detector (also referred to as a slicer)  501  which compares the signal to zero volts. Module  502  comprises a divide by two digital flip flop and a digital “D” flip flop where the excitation clock is the modem or channel clock divided by two. The output is sent to the [frame formatter  407  as seen in  FIG. 4 . The excitation rate for a 4800 bits per second channel then is 2400 or ½ of the channel rate. 
     FIG. 6  is the block diagram for the 4800 bits per second voice excited channel vocoder receiver implementation of the present invention. As seen therein, demultiplexer  600  is a voice excited channel vocoder receiver or synthesizer that separates the excitation from the spectrum amplitude clock from a 4800 bits per second channel and sends the excitation delayed by one frame to “two bit” shift register  200  as seen in  FIG. 2 . Spectral flattener  602  is operable to give equal amplitude to all harmonics of the excitation. It can either consist of a bank of channel filters identical to the analyzer followed by hard limiters followed by an identical bank of filters  603 , or can be simplified by using only a single bank of filters followed by 16 automatic gain control devices. Digital modulator  604  restores the synthesized frequencies from the spectral flattener and sends them to audio summing and filtering module  605  which sums them together to synthesize the speech. 
     FIG. 7  is a timing diagram showing the excitation and channel spectrum framing for 4800 bits per second. As seen therein, the clock from the channel (modem or wireless) is shown of line one and is labeled as clock. The clock samples the data which is the zero crossings divided by two (on the negative transitions) and transfers the data to the multiplexer. The excitation is every other data bit and is continuous and the sample rate is ½ the data rate of 4800 bits per second. The third line and fourth line shows the encoding for the spectrum. Bit zero is the frame synchronization bit and is used to synchronize the spectrum amplitudes and excitation for the different channels if band pass channels are used, linear prediction or residuals could also use the same format. 49 bits are used for the short term power spectrum encoding giving a frame of 50 bits which includes the synchronizing bit. The excitation is ½ of the data rate and is continuous, the spectral envelope is updated every 20.8 milliseconds. 
     FIG. 8  is a block diagram of the 2400 bits per second channel vocoder transmitter implementation of the present invention using the first formant zero crossing and divide by two. As seen therein, the diagram shows frequency translation of the first formant (300 to 1100 Hertz) to zero to 800 Hertz, dividing by two and sampling at 800 Hertz for the excitation, and using a bank of band pass filter, rectifying lows pass filtering to give the power spectral density, converting the outputs to a four bit digital conversion, encoding the amplitude difference between channels, and multiplexing the excitation and spectral levels to provide a serial data output of 2400 bits per second. Preamplifier  800  is operable to condition the level of the voice input. Automatic gain control  801 , either a digital or analog device, adjusts the long term gain for each level of input. It also could be a device that uses only voiced (vocal tract) decisions to adjust the long term audio level. Filter  802  is a 300 to 1100 Hertz low pass filter with a Bessel response. A first balanced modulator  803  is a double balanced modulator that cancels the 10 kHz and the 300 to 1100 Hertz inputs and gives both the sum and difference of the input frequencies. (8900 to 9700 Hertz, and 10300 to 11100 Hertz). Bandpass filter  804  is a band pass filter with a Bessel response and bandwidth of 8900 to 9700 Hertz. A second balanced modulator  805  generates the difference sideband of 0 to 800 Hertz which is filtered by Bessel response low pass filter  806 . Module  807  (comprising zero crossing detector  106  and bistable multivibrator  107  of  FIG. 1 ) divides the basic zero crossing frequencies by two and the sampled data at 800 Hertz is encoded by output formatter  808 . Timing module  809  provides digital timing based on an oscillator frequency of 2.457600 Mega Hertz and synchronized with the clock from the channel. Band-pass filters  813  comprise a bank of 16 band pass filters with Bessel responses, whose outputs are converted by rectifiers  814  filters  815  to the power spectral density of the voice input. Multiplexer  812  is an analog multiplexer that allows converter  811 , a four bit analog to digital converter to change to analog outputs to digital. Encoder  810  is a delta encoder that uses the channel to channel correlation of the short term power spectrum to send after channel one, only difference codes to output formatter  808 , as further described in  FIG. 11 . 
     FIG. 9  is a block diagram of a 2400 bits per second vocoder transmitter implementation of the present invention using the excitation and translation, but a non channel spectrum analyzer. As seen therein, this block diagram shows an example of a 2400 bits per second vocoder using other than band pass filters to encode the short term power spectrum. The frequency translation and excitation is the same as in  FIG. 8 . 
     FIG. 10  is a block diagram of a 2400 bits per second vocoder receiver implementation of the present invention using frequency translation and excitation. Channel  1001  could be a synchronous wireless or radio modem or a wired channel. Demultiplexer  1002  takes the serial data and separates excitation and power spectrum encoding. Register  1003  stores the serial excitation and outputs it to frequency doubler  1004  which doubles the frequency using the same technique as described in the discussion of  FIG. 2 . The output of frequency doubler  1004  is an input to a first balanced modulator  1006  which is a double balanced modulator with a multiplying frequency of 10 kiloHertz. Filter  1007  is a Bessel response band pass filter with a bandwidth of 10 to 10.8 kilo Hertz. The lower sideband of 10 to 10.8 kilohertz is selected and sent to a second balanced modulator  1014  which is also a double balanced modulator with a multiplication frequency of 9.7 kilo Hertz. The lower sideband (300 to 1100 Hertz) is then filtered by item  1008  a band pass filter with Bessel response where the output is passed to item  1009  which takes the zero crossings which are then changed by module  1010  to a sawtooth waveform that is modified by a Hanning weighting which removes and DC components and gives both even and odd harmonics which then goes to spectral flattener  1011  which gives flat amplitudes to all excitation frequencies. Module  1012  restores the original spectrum using the same encoding/decoding as further described by  FIG. 11 . The outputs are summed and the synthesized speech is provided to amplifier  1013 , the output sound amplifier. System timing module  1005  times the system based on an oscillator frequency of 2.457600 MegaHertz. 
     FIG. 11  is a timing diagram for 2400 bits per second, showing the 2400 bits per second clock, the excitation which is at ⅓ of the data and is continuous at 800 bits per second. As seen therein, the framing for the spectrum has a synchronization bit, followed by channel one encoded at the full four bits. Channels  2  through  7  are differentially encoded using two bits. Channel  8  is encoded using 3 bits differential from the 4 bits channel amplitude of channel  7 . Channels  9  through  16  are encoded using 2 bits differential from the previous channels spectrum amplitude. The frame rate is 22.5 milliseconds for the spectrum weighting, Each frame consists of 36 bits which includes the frame synchronization bit. 
     FIG. 12  shows one implementation of a spectral flattener used to give a flat spectrum for all harmonics. Excitation generator  1200 , as further described in  FIG. 2 , is coupled to a first channel filter bank  1201 . The output of first channel filter bank  1201  is coupled to hard limiters  1202 . The output of hard limiters  1202  is received at a second channel filter bank  1203  which is substantially identical to first channel filter bank  1201 . This gives sinusoidal equal amplitude frequencies with the gain derived from the spectral encoded channels. 
   An alternate implementation comprises excitation generator item  1200  used to excite a first channel bank  1201 , an automatic gain control on the output of each channel filter  1201 , the output of channel filter  1201 , then being applied to module  1204  which restores the original short term spectrum. 
     FIG. 13  shows a conventional block diagram  1300  of a voice/unvoiced pitch excited Linear predictive vocoder and  FIG. 14  shows a block diagram  1400  of a voice excited vocoder using the method of voice excitation of the present invention. 
   The innovative teachings of the present invention are described with particular reference to analog circuits and bandwidths to more easily describe voice excitation. However, it should be understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein provides only a few examples of the innovative teachings herein. Various alterations, modifications and substitutions can be made to the method of the disclosed invention and the system that implements the present invention without departing in any way from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the implementation can be easily realized using digital signal processing techniques and microprocessors, or Linear Predictive techniques and readily available conventional codecs.