Abstract:
It is intended to provide a process for industrially safely and/or economically and efficiently producing a polyester by using gene manipulation techniques. A vector applicable to hosts over a wide range which is characterized by having improved industrial safety; a polyester synthase-expressing plasmid wherein at least a polyester synthase gene is transferred into said vector; a transformant capable of synthesizing a polyester which contains the plasmid; and a process for producing a polyester with the use of the plasmid or the transformant.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD  
       [0001]     The present invention relates to a novel vector produced by modifying a broad host range vector “pJRD215 vector” to improve them, and a method for producing a polyester using the same.  
       BACKGROUND ART  
       [0002]     Up to present, a large number of microorganisms have been known to store polyesters as an energy source substance within cells. A typical example of the polyester is poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid (hereinafter referred to briefly as “P(3HB)”), which is a homopolymer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (hereinafter referred to briefly as “3HB”). It was first discovered in  Bacillus megaterium  in 1925. P(3HB) is a thermoplastic polymer and is biodegradable in the natural environment and, thus, has recently attracted attention as an eco-friendly plastic. However, since P(3HB) is high in crystallinity, it is hard and brittle by nature, so that the range of practical application thereof is limited. Therefore, studies have been undertaken to modify the P(3HB) for improving these properties.  
         [0003]     In the course of the study, a technology of producing a copolymer composed of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvaleric acid (3HV) (hereinafter such copolymers are referred to briefly as “P(3HB-co-3HV)”) has been disclosed (see, for example, Japanese Kokai Publication Sho-57-150393 and Japanese Kokai Publication Sho-59-220192). This P(3HB-co-3HV) is rich in flexibility as compared with P(3HB), hence was considered to have a wide application range. Actually, however, P(3HB-co-3HV) shows only slight changes in physical properties even when the mole fraction of 3HV is increased. In particular, the flexibility, which is required for its use in films and the like, is not improved. Thus, it has been used only in the field of rigid shaped articles such as shampoo bottles and disposable razor grips.  
         [0004]     In recent years, studies have been made concerning two component copolyesters composed of 3HB and 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid (hereinafter referred to briefly as “3HH”) (hereinafter such copolyesters are referred to briefly as “P(3HB-co-3HH)”), and a method for producing the same (see, for example, Japanese Kokai Publication Hei-05-93049 and Japanese Kokai Publication Hei-07-265065). The methods described in these publications directed to technologies of producing P(3HB-co-3HH) comprises using  Aeromonas caviae  isolated from soil to carry out fermentative production thereof from fatty acids such as oleic acid, or oils and fats such as olive oil. Studies concerning properties of P(3HB-co-3HH) have also been made (see, for example, Y. Doi, S. Kitamura, H. Abe, Macromolecules 28, 4822-4823 (1995)). According to this report,  Aeromonas caviae  is cultured using a fatty acid containing not less than 12 carbon atoms as an only carbon source, and P(3HB-co-3HH) with a 3HH content of 11 to 19 mole % is fermentatively produced. It has been revealed that the properties of such P(3HB-co-3HH) change from hard and brittle gradually to soft and flexible, to an extent exceeding the flexibility of P(3HB-co-3HV), with the increase in mole fraction of 3HH. However, the above method of production is low in productivity, namely the yield of cells is 4 g/L and the polymer content is 30%. Therefore, methods capable of attaining higher productivity for practical use have been searched for.  
         [0005]     Since said P(3HB-co-3HH) can have a wide range of properties from hard polymers to soft polymers by controlling the 3HH molar fraction, such copolymers will find a broad range of applications, from products required to be hard, such as a chassis for a TV-set, to products required to be flexible, such as a thread or a film. However, productivity of the polymer remains still low in these production methods, thus it would have to be said that these methods are inadequate as methods for aiming practical use of this polymer.  
         [0006]     A poly hydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) synthase gene was cloned from  Aeromonas caviae  producing P(3 HB-co-3HH) (see, for example, Japanese Kokai Publication Hei-10-108682 and T. Fukui, Y. Doi, J. Bacteriol, 179, 15, 4821-4830 (1997)). As a result of producing P(3HB-co-3HH) using a transformant obtained by introducing said gene to  Ralstonia eutropha  (old name:  Alcaligenes eutrophus ), cell productivity was 4 g/L and a polymer content was 30%. Moreover, as a result of culturing this transformant using a vegetable oil or fat as a carbon source, a cell content of 4 g/L and a polymer content of 80% were achieved (see, for example, T. Hukui et al. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 49, 333 (1998)). PHA synthase expression plasmids used in this investigation were pJRDEE32, pJRDEE32d13, etc. which had been obtained by introducing a polyester synthase gene into pJRD215 (ATCC 37533) (see, for example, Japanese Kokai Publication Hei-10-108682). Thereafter, many kinds of modified PHA synthases have been constructed based on the above synthase. Among them, it is reported that a modified enzyme, wherein serine is substituted for 149th amino acid asparagine, and a modified enzyme, wherein glycine is substituted for 171st amino acid aspartic acid, are improved in their PHA synthase activity in  Escherichia coli  and the composition of 3HH produced (T. Kichise et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 2411-2419 (2002)).  
         [0007]     PJRD215 is a derivative of RSF1010, a broad host range vector, and has an ability of conjugal mobilization (see, for example, J. Davison, M. Heusterspreute et al., Gene, 51, 275-280 (1987)).  
         [0008]     Conjugal mobilization is a phenomenon which occurs when bacteria having different characteristics are mixed and cultured, and means that part of genes of a certain bacterium (donor bacterium) transfers to another bacterium (recipient bacterium). Strength of an ability of conjugal mobilization is determined depending on a gene involving with conjugal mobilization on a chromosome of a donor or on a plasmid which the donor has. Genes involving with conjugal mobilization include a self-mobilized gene “tra”, a conjugate-mobilized gene “mob”, and an “oriT sequence”. A protein encoded by the tra involves with an interaction between a donor bacterium and a recipient bacterium. And a protein encoded by the mob functions as inserting a nick to the oriT sequence, and stably transmitting a single-strand DNA. The oriT sequence is composed of a nick site and a recognition sequence for the nick to be inserted. Conjugal mobilization takes place only when these three species of genes coexist.  
         [0009]     Researches on RSF1010, which was used for construction of pJRD215, have been intensively carried out heretofore. It is already known that the copy number of plasmids replicated in  Esherichia coli  is increased by a partial deletion of genes involving with an ability of conjugal mobilization, such as a partial deletion of a mobB gene, partial deletions of both mobA and mobB genes, or a partial deletion of an oriT sequence, and then most of an ability of conjugal mobilization is lost (see, for example, J. Frey, M. M. Bagdasarian, M. Bagdasarian, Gene, 113, 101-106 (1992)). Furthermore, in researches using a plasmid R1162 showing high homology with an oriT region and a mobA gene region of RSF1010, it was reported that functions of a mob protein were inactivated by deleting amino acids in mobA genes of the 180th or later, or by substituting the 25th amino acid residue tyrosine of a mobA gene with phenylalanine (see, for example, E. C. Becker, R. J. Meyer, J. Biol. Chem, 277, 14575-14580 (2002)).  
         [0010]     However, the mobA gene of RSF1010 partially overlaps with a repB gene involving with replication (see, for example, P. Scholz, V. Haring et al., Gene, 75, 271-288 (1989)). Therefore, it was reported that, in  Pseudomonas putida,  a vector had not been replicated when mobA and mobB genes had been partially deleted (see, for example, M. M. Bagdasarian, P. Scholz et al., Banbury Report, 24, 209-223 (1986)). Accordingly, it has been unclear if such a modified vector might be replicated in  Ralstonia eutropha.    
         [0011]     pJRD215 has a mobB gene region and an oriT sequence among the genes involving with conjugal mobilization. Heretofore, if, by any possibility, a transformant harboring pJRD215 is leaked in producing a polyester on an industrial scale, and is contacted with a microorganism harboring a tra gene-containing plasmid such as RP4, conjugal mobilization may possibly occur. Therefore, there was a security problem such as containment of a recombinant organism.  
         [0012]     Additionally, as a transformation method of  Ralstonia eutropha  PHB-4 strain (DSM541) (polyester synthesis ability-defected strain), the above-mentioned conjugal mobilization methods have mainly been used. Therefore, when an ability of conjugal mobilization is lost, it becomes necessary to carry out transformation using other methods than the conjugal mobilization method, i.e., an electroporation method, a calcium method, etc. However, when introducing the pJRD215 vector into the host  Ralstonia eutropha  PHB-4 strain, it was experientially known that transformation efficiency would be remarkably decreased because of its plasmid size.  
         [0013]     Thus, when an ability of conjugal mobilization is lost, another problem, i.e. an improvement of a polyester synthase expression plasmid, arises on transformation of a host. Therefore, when introducing said vector into the host  Ralstonia eutropha  PHB-4 strain, using an electroporation method, etc., reduction of plasmid size has been desired for improvement of transformation efficiency.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0014]     The present inventors have carried out an intensive investigation to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, they found that an ability of conjugal mobilization of a vector is remarkably reduced by partially deleting or modifying mob genes and/or by partially or totally deleting an oriT sequence from the broad host range vector pJRD215, which have been used conventionally, and that a vector capable of being used more safely in an industrial production may be thereby obtained.  
         [0015]     Moreover, they also found that a small size vector having improved transformation efficiency may be obtained by deleting unnecessary gene sequence parts, i.e., a streptomycin resistance gene and a cos sequence, from the broad host range vector pJRD215 for improvement of operability.  
         [0016]     Furthermore, they succeeded in producing a polyester using a transformant derived from those improved vectors. Namely, it was a method of producing a polyester which comprises inserting an enzyme expression unit (EE32, EE32d13, N149S, D171G, F353T, etc.), which synthesizes P(3HB-co-3HH) copolymer derived from  Aeromonas caviae,  into said improved vector to obtain an expression plasmid, then introducing the expression plasmid into  Ralstonia eutropha,  and employing thus-obtained said transformant for production of a polymer. Based on these findings, the present invention has now completed.  
         [0017]     That is, the present invention relates to a broad host range vector which can be used more safely in an industrial production, a polyester synthase expression plasmid obtainable by introducing at least a polyester synthase gene into said vector, a transformant containing said plasmid and having polyester synthesis ability, and a method for producing a polyester using said plasmid.  
         [0018]     That is, the present invention relates to;  
         [0019]     a polyester synthase expression plasmid  
         [0020]     which has partly or totally lost ability of conjugal mobilization;  
         [0021]     a polyester synthase expression plasmid  
         [0022]     which comprises a deletion of a streptomycin resistance gene region;  
         [0023]     a polyester synthase expression plasmid  
         [0024]     which has partly or totally lost ability of conjugal mobilization, and comprises a deletion of a streptomycin resistance gene;  
         [0025]     a transformant  
         [0026]     which is transformed with the above-mentioned polyester synthase expression plasmid; and  
         [0027]     a method for producing a polyester  
         [0028]     which comprises using the above expression plasmid or the above transformant,  
         [0029]     said polyester being a copolyester P(3 HB-co-3HH) composed of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid represented by the following formula (1);  
                         
 
 in the formula, m and n each represents an integer of 1 or more. 
 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0030]     Hereinafter, the present invention is described in detail.  
         [0031]     The polyester synthase expression plasmid of the present invention is;  
         [0032]     a polyester synthase expression plasmid  
         [0033]     which has partly or totally lost ability of conjugal mobilization;  
         [0034]     a polyester synthase expression plasmid  
         [0035]     which comprises a deletion of a streptomycin resistance gene region; and  
         [0036]     a polyester synthase expression plasmid  
         [0037]     which has partly or totally lost ability of conjugal mobilization, and comprises a deletion of a streptomycin resistance gene.  
         [0000]     Production of a Vector  
         [0038]     Firstly, production of a vector is explained.  
         [0039]     Overall gene manipulation may be carried out as described in Molecular Cloning (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989). Enzymes and a cloning host to be used for gene operation may be purchased from market suppliers, and used according to their instruction. The enzymes are not particularly restricted as long as those are usable for gene operation. The cloning host is not also particularly restricted, but there may be mentioned, for example,  Escherichia coli,  etc.  
         [0040]     The vector to be used in the present invention is not particularly restricted as long as it is a broad host range vector having a conjugal mobilization gene, but preferably pJRD215 disclosed in J. Davison, M. Heusterspreute et al., Gene, 51, 275-280 (1987) may be used. A base sequence of pJRD215 is shown under the SEQ ID NO:1 of the sequence listing.  
         [0041]     An ability of conjugal mobilization of the vector may be lowered or lost by carrying out any of a total deletion, a partial deletion, a base insertion, a base substitution, etc. of a gene region involving with conjugal mobilization property.  
         [0042]     For example, if it is pJRD215, any of a total deletion, a partial deletion, a base insertion, a base substitution, etc. is carried out for mobA, mobB, mobC genes and an oriT sequence. Although any functions of a gene among the mobA, the mobB, the mobC and the oriT sequence may be lost, it is particularly preferable to carry out the above-mentioned operation for the mobA gene, which is indispensable for mobility, or the oriT sequence, which has a nick site. Furthermore, the gene to be lowered or lost its function may be one genes, but more preferably two or more genes.  
         [0043]     In addition, since pJRD215 is a derivative of RSF1010, a definition of RSF1010 described in P. Scholz, V. Haring et al., Gene, 75, 271-288 (1989) may be cited as it is. That is, the oriT sequence of pJRD215 may be defined as the sequence from 3081 to 3169 of the SEQ ID NO:1 of the sequence listing, and the nick site may be defined as the sequence between 3138 and 3139. The mobA gene may be defined as the sequence from 3250 to 4407 of the SEQ ID NO:1 of the sequence listing, and the mobB gene may be defined as the sequence from 3998 to 4411 of the SEQ ID NO:1 of the sequence listing.  
         [0044]     As a polyester synthase expression plasmid in which partial or total loss of an ability of conjugal mobilization is caused by a deletion or mutation of its mob gene region, there may be mentioned, for example, a polyester synthase expression plasmid in which the sequence from 3215 to 4075 of pJRD215 (SEQ ID NO:1) is deleted; a polyester synthase expression plasmid in which the sequence from 3737 to 4378 of pJRD215 is deleted; a polyester synthase expression plasmid in which the sequence from 4000 to 4378 of pJRD215 is deleted; a polyester synthase expression plasmid in which thymine is substituted for 3323 adenine of pJRD215; etc.  
         [0045]     Moreover, as a polyester synthase expression plasmid in which partial or total loss of an ability of conjugal mobilization is caused by a deletion of its oriT region, there may be mentioned, for example, a polyester synthase expression plasmid in which the sequence from 3132 to 3145 of pJRD215 (SEQ ID NO:1) is deleted; a polyester synthase expression plasmid in which the sequence from 3132 to 3169 of pJRD215 is deleted; etc.  
         [0046]     Furthermore, as a polyester synthase expression plasmid in which partial or total loss of an ability of conjugal mobilization are caused by deletions of its mob gene region and oriT region, there may be mentioned, for example,  
         [0047]     a polyester synthase expression plasmid  
         [0048]     wherein the deletion of a mob gene region is a deletion of the sequence from 3215 to 4075 of pJRD215 (SEQ ID NO:1), and the deletion of an oriT region is a deletion of the sequence from 3132 to 3145 of pJRD215 (SEQ ID NO:1);  
         [0049]     a polyester synthase expression plasmid  
         [0050]     wherein the deletion of a mob gene region is a deletion of the sequence from 3215 to 4075 of pJRD215, and the deletion of an oriT region is a deletion of the sequence from 3132 to 3169 of pJRD215;  
         [0051]     a polyester synthase expression plasmid  
         [0052]     wherein the deletion of a mob gene region is a deletion of the sequence from 3215 to 4075 of pJRD215, and the deletion of an oriT region is a deletion of the sequence from 3132 to 3178 of pJRD215;  
         [0053]     a polyester synthase expression plasmid  
         [0054]     wherein the deletion of a mob gene region is a deletion of the sequence from 3215 to 4075 of pJRD215, and the deletion of an oriT region is a deletion of the sequence from 3132 to 3214 of pJRD215;  
         [0055]     a polyester synthase expression plasmid  
         [0056]     wherein the deletion of a mob gene region is a deletion of the sequence from 3215 to 4075 of pJRD215, and the deletion of an oriT region is a deletion of the sequence from 3095 to 3214 of pJRD215; etc.  
         [0057]     The deletion of a mob gene region may be carried out by deleting a restriction fragment containing a mob gene, deleting using PCR, or the like. The mutation of a mob gene region may be carried out by a site-directed mutagenesis, etc. And the deletion of an oriT region may be carried out by deleting a restriction fragment containing an oriT part, deleting using PCR, etc., as in the deletion of a mob gene region mentioned above.  
         [0058]     Reduction of the size of a plasmid for improvement of transformation efficiency can be carried out by a deletion of parts which are unnecessary for expression of a polyester synthase gene and for replication of the plasmid. For example, if there are two or more antibiotic resistance genes in a vector to be used, any one of them may be deleted.  
         [0059]     For example, in the case of pJRD215, it is possible to delete a kanamycin resistance gene or a streptomycin resistance gene, but it is preferable to delete the streptomycin resistance gene.  
         [0060]     Moreover, in the case of pJRD215, it is possible to delete also a multicloning site, cos region, etc., which are not involved in plasmid replication for downsizing the plasmid. Although a multicloning site and a λ phage-derived cos region are not defined clearly, it may be understood that the vicinity of the sequence from 9680 to 10130 of the SEQ ID NO:1 in the sequence listing is the multicloning site, and the vicinity of the sequence from 9260 to 9660 is the cos region from J. Davison, M. Heusterspreute et al. Gene, 51, 275-280 (1987).  
         [0061]     As the polyester synthase expression plasmid which has a deleted streptomycin resistance gene region, there may be mentioned, for example, a polyester synthase expression plasmid in which the sequence from 206 to 1690 of pJRD215 (SEQ ID NO:1) is deleted, etc.  
         [0062]     As the polyester synthase expression plasmid which has a deleted cos region, there may be mentioned, for example, a polyester synthase expression plasmid in which the sequence from 9237 to 10127 of pJRD215 (SEQ ID NO:1) is deleted; a polyester synthase expression plasmid in which the sequence from 8915 to 10055 of pJRD215 is deleted, etc.  
         [0063]     The deletions of a streptomycin resistance gene region, a cos region, and a multicloning site may be carried out in the same manner as the deletion of a mob gene region, mentioned above.  
         [0064]     Additionally, a polyester synthase expression plasmid, which has partly or totally lost ability of conjugal mobilization and comprises a deletion of a streptomycin resistance gene, may be preferably used. Said polyester synthase expression plasmid may be obtained by a manner to lose part or total of an ability of conjugal mobilization in combination with the deletion of a streptomycin resistance gene, which are mentioned above.  
         [0065]     It is also possible to further combine the deletion of a cos region and the deletion of a multicloning site. For example, there may be mentioned, a polyester synthase expression plasmid in which part or total of an ability of conjugal mobilization is lost, and a cos region and/or a multicloning site are deleted; a polyester synthase expression plasmid in which a streptomycin resistance gene is deleted, and a cos region and/or a multicloning site are deleted; a polyester synthase expression plasmid in which part or total of an ability of conjugal mobilization is lost, a streptomycin resistance gene is deleted, and a cos region and/or a multicloning site are deleted; etc.  
         [0066]     Next, production of a polyester synthase expression plasmid is explained.  
         [0067]     The polyester synthase expression plasmid of the present invention may be produced by inserting a polyester synthase gene into the vector produced as mentioned above.  
         [0068]     As the polyester synthase gene, those of having an expression unit functioning in host bacteria, such as a promoter, a terminator, etc. together with a structural gene may be used.  
         [0069]     The polyester synthase gene is preferably derived from  Aeromonas caviae,  and in particular, for example, gene fragments derived from  Aeromonas caviae,  such as EE32 and EE32d13, disclosed in Japanese Kokai Publication Hei-10-108682, and the like gene may be used. Furthermore, preferably used are an  Aeromonas caviae -derived polyester synthase gene (N149S-modified gene), wherein serine is substituted for 149th amino acid asparagine, and an  Aeromonas caviae -derived polyester synthase gene (D171G-modified gene), wherein glycine is substituted for 171st amino acid aspartic acid, those two are described in T. Kichise et al., Appl. Environ. Microbial. 68, 2411-2419 (2002), and an  Aeromonas caviae -derived polyester synthase gene (F353T-modified gene), wherein threonine is substituted for 353rd amino acid phenylalanine and which has been designated by a program (e.g. Shrike, Japanese Kokai Publication 2001-184831) capable of determining an useful amino acid modification based on the computer-aided enzyme conformation or a predicted conformation, and the like program, and an  Aeromonas caviae -derived polyester synthase gene (a modified gene, comprising a combination of the above modifications), comprising two or more of the above amino acid substitutions, and the like gene. Additionally, the above polyester synthase expression plasmid may comprise one or plural of said expression units.  
         [0000]     Construction of a Transformant  
         [0070]     Next, construction of a transformant is explained.  
         [0071]     The transformant of the present invention is transformed by the above polyester synthase expression plasmid. That is, the transformant of the present invention may be obtained by transforming the polyester synthase expression plasmid obtained as above into a host compatible with said plasmid.  
         [0072]     The host is not particularly restricted, but microorganisms isolated from nature or those deposited to depository institutions of strains (for example, IFO, ATCC, etc.), etc. may be used. More specifically, bacteria belonging to the genus  Ralstonia,  the genus  Aeromonas,  the genus  Esherichia,  the genus  Alcaligenes,  the genus  Pseudomonas,  etc. may be used. Preferred is one belonging to the genus  Ralstonia,  and more preferred is  Ralstonia eutropha.    
         [0073]     The polyester synthase expression plasmid may be transformed into a microorganism by conventional methods. For example, an electroporation method (Current Protocols in Morecular Biology, vol. 1, pages 1.8.4, 1994), a calcium method (Lederberg. E. M. et al., J. Bacteriol. 119. 1072 (1974)), etc. may be used.  
         [0074]     As the transformant to be preferably used in the present invention, there may be mentioned, for example, a transformant obtained by introducing each polyester synthase expression plasmid into the host  Ralstonia eutropha,  and the like transformants. Specifically, there may be mentioned the transformants described below, etc.  
         [0075]      Ralstonia eutropha  PHB-4/pJRDdcmBEE32d13 which is a transformant into which pJRDdcmBEE32d13 is introduced (accession number FERM P-19352, deposit date May 16, 2003),  
         [0076]      Ralstonia eutropha  PHB-4/pJRDdcm25YFEE32d13 which is a transformant into which pJRDdcm25YFEE32d13 is introduced (accession number FERM P-19353, deposit date May 16, 2003),  
         [0077]      Ralstonia eutropha  PHB-4/pJRDdcm163EE32d13 which is a transformant into which pJRDdcm163EE32d13 is introduced (accession number FERM P-19354, deposit date May 16, 2003),  
         [0078]      Ralstonia eutropha  PHB-4/pJRDdTcsEE32d13 which is a transformant into which pJRDdTcsEE32d13 is introduced (accession number FERM P-19355, deposit date May 16, 2003),  
         [0079]      Ralstonia eutropha  PHB-4/pJRDdTcEE32d13 which is a transformant into which pJRDdTcEE32d13 is introduced (accession number FERM BP-08624, the Budapest Treaty depositry transferred from the domestic depositry as of May 16, 2003),  
         [0080]      Ralstonia eutropha  PHB-4/pJRDdncEE32d13 which is a transformant into which pJRDdncEE32d13 is introduced (accession number FERM BP-08625, the Budapest Treaty depositry transferred from the domestic depositry as of May 16, 2003),  
         [0081]      Ralstonia eutropha  PHB-4/pJRDdsEE32d13 which is a transformant into which pJRDdsEE32d13 is introduced (accession number FERM P-19358, deposit date May 16, 2003),  
         [0082]      Ralstonia eutropha  PHB-4/pJRDdmsEE32d13 which is a transformant into which pJRDdmsEE32d13 is introduced (accession number FERM BP-08626, the Budapest Treaty depositry transferred from the domestic depositry as of May 16, 2003),  
         [0083]      Ralstonia eutropha  PHB-4/pJRDdmEE32d13 which is a transformant into which pJRDdmEE32d13 is introduced (accession number FERM P-19360, deposit date May 16, 2003), and  
         [0084]      Ralstonia eutropha  PHB-4/pJRDdTc171DG which is a transformant into which pJRDdTc171DG is introduced (accession number FERM BP-08623, the Budapest Treaty depositry as of Feb. 13, 2004).  
         [0085]     These transformants are deposited to National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, International Patent Organism Depositary, Central 6, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.  
         [0000]     Production of a Polyester  
         [0086]     In the following, production of a polyester is explained.  
         [0087]     The method of the present invention for producing a polyester is a method for producing a copolyester P(3HB-co-3HH) composed of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid represented by the following formula (1) by using the above expression plasmid or the above transformant.  
                         
 
 In the formula, m and n each represents an integer of 1 or more. 
 
         [0088]     In producing a polyester, the above transformant may be cultured by adding a sugar, an oil or fat, or a fatty acid as a carbon source, and using a medium containing nutrient sources other than the carbon source, such as a nitrogen source, inorganic salts, and other organic nutrient sources.  
         [0089]     For example, as a medium for culturing the transformant obtained by using bacteria belonging to the genus such as  Ralstonia, Aeromonas, Esherichia, Alcaligenes  or  Pseudomonas  as a host, a medium in which a carbon source capable of being utilized by the bacteria is added, and, in some cases, any of a nitrogen source, inorganic salts and an organic nutrient source is limited (for example, a nitrogen source is limited to 0.01 to 0.1%), or the like medium may be used.  
         [0090]     As the sugar, there may be mentioned, for example, carbohydrates such as glucose and fructose. As the oil or fat, there may be mentioned oils or fats containing much of saturated/unsaturated fatty acids having ten or more carbon atoms, such as a coconut oil, a palm oil, a palm kernel oil, etc. As the fatty acid, there may be mentioned saturated/unsaturated fatty acids such as hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and myristic acid, or esters and salts of these fatty acids or the like fatty acid derivatives.  
         [0091]     As the nitrogen source, there may be mentioned, for example, ammonium salts such as ammonia, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate, and peptone, a meat extract, a yeast extract, etc.  
         [0092]     As the inorganic salts, there may be mentioned, for example, potassium phosphate, potassium diphosphate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, etc.  
         [0093]     As the other organic nutrient sources, there may be mentioned, for example, amino acids such as glycine, alanine, serine, threonine and proline; vitamins such as vitamin B1, vitamin B12 and vitamin C; etc.  
         [0094]     Moreover, antibiotics (kanamycin, etc.) corresponding to a resistance gene existing in the vector may be added to a culture medium.  
         [0095]     A culture temperature may be at any temperatures as long as the cell may grow up, but preferably 20 to 40° C. A culture period is not particularly restricted, but may be about 1 to 7 days.  
         [0096]     Then, a polyester may be recovered from said cultured cell which is obtained.  
         [0097]     In the present invention, a polyester may be recovered from cells by the following methods, for example. After completion of culture, cells are separated by a centrifuge, etc. from a culture medium, the cells are washed with distilled water, methanol, etc., and then dried. From these dried cells, a polyester is extracted using an organic solvent such as chloroform. A cell component is removed from the organic solvent solution containing the polyester by filtration, etc., and then a poor solvent such as methanol or hexane is added to the filtrate to precipitate the polyester. Moreover, a supernatant is removed by filtration, centrifugation, etc. to dry and recover the polyester.  
         [0098]     Average molecular weight and 3HH composition(mol %) of the obtained polyester may be analyzed by a gas chromatograph method, a nuclear magnetic resonance method, etc., for example. Alternatively, as a simple method for confirming polyester production, a staining method using Nile red may be applied. That is, polyester production may be confirmed by a method comprising adding Nile red to a medium in which recombinant bacteria grow, culturing the recombinant bacteria for 1 to 7 days, and observing whether the recombinant bacteria turn red or not.  
         [0000]     Evaluation of an Ability of Conjugal Mobilization  
         [0099]     Next, evaluation of an ability of conjugal mobilization is explained. Methods for evaluating an ability of conjugal mobilization of the constructed vector include, but are not limited to, the following methods.  
         [0100]     Firstly, a bacterium harboring a tra gene is transformed with a vector to be evaluated, and used as a donor bacterium. As the bacterium harboring a tra gene, for example,  Esherichia coli  S17-1 strain, etc. may be used. A recipient bacterium may be any bacteria as long as it is cultured with the donor bacterium and a replication of the vector to be evaluated may occur in the bacterium, but preferred are those having a different resistance to antibiotics from that of the donor bacterium in order to be separated from the donor bacterium after a mixed culture.  
         [0101]     Then, a mixed culture is carried out by culturing the donor bacterium and the recipient bacterium separately in an appropriate medium beforehand to grow them, mixing them, and inoculating an appropriate medium with them.  
         [0102]     A culture medium to be used at this time may be either a solid or liquid, and an antibiotic is not added. The culture temperature in a mixed culture may be any temperatures as long as the donor bacterium and the recipient bacterium may grow, but preferably 20 to 40° C. The culture period is not particularly restricted, but preferably 5 to 20 hours. Evaluation of an ability of conjugal mobilization includes, but is not limited to, a method comprising calculating a conjugal mobilization frequency per recipient bacterium. Methods for calculating the conjugal mobilization frequency is described in detail in Examples below. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0103]      FIG. 1  is a construction view of a mob region-deleted vector and a streptomycin resistance gene-deleted vector according to the present invention.  
         [0104]      FIG. 2  is a construction view of a cos region- and oriT region-deleted vector according to the present invention.  
         [0105]      FIG. 3  is a construction view of a mob gene region-partially deleted and cos region-deleted vector according to the present invention.  
         [0106]      FIG. 4  is a construction view of a mob gene region-partially deleted and cos region-deleted vector according to the present invention.  
         [0107]      FIG. 5  is a construction view of a mob A gene-mutated and cos region-deleted vector according to the present invention.  
         [0108]      FIG. 6  is a construction view of a mob region- and oriT region-deleted vector according to the present invention. 
     
    
     BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION  
       [0109]     Hereinafter, the present invention is described in detail by way of Examples. However, these Examples are not imitative of a technical scope of the present invention.  
       EXAMPLE 1  
     Partial Deletions of mobA and mobB Genes  
       [0110]     A DNA fragment of about 9.5 kb in which parts of mobA and B genes had been deleted was obtained by cutting the plasmid pJRD215 with a restriction enzyme Van91I. This fragment was subjected to self-ligation using DNA Ligation Kit Ver.1 (product of TAKARA SHUZO CO., LTD.), and a plasmid pJRDdm was obtained ( FIG. 1 ). This plasmid pJRDdm has a deletion of the sequence from 3215 to 4075 of pJRD215.  
       EXAMPLE 2  
     Deletions of a cos Region and an oriT Region  
       [0111]     The plasmid pJRD215 was cut with restriction enzymes SpeI and BglII, and the resultant was blunted by using DNA Blunting Kit (product of TAKARA SHUZO CO., LTD.) and subjected to self-ligation. This plasmid is named as pJRDdc ( FIG. 2 ). Said plasmid pJRDdc has a deletion of the sequence from 8915 to 10055 of pJRD215.  
         [0112]     Next, PCR was carried out using primers shown under the SEQ ID NO:4 and 6 of the sequence listing, and the plasmid pJRDdc as a template to obtain a DNA fragment of about 0.5.kb. In a similar manner, a DNA fragment of about 2.4 kb was obtained by PCR using pJRDdc as a template and primers shown under the SEQ ID NO:5 and 7 of the sequence listing. An overlap PCR method was carried out by making use of an overlap portion of the obtained two fragments. As a polymerase, Pyrobest (product of TAKARA SHUZO CO., LTD.) was used. The fragment of about 2.8 kb obtained by the overlap PCR method was cut with restriction enzymes EcoO109I and AflIII, and ligated to the above pJRDdc cut with EcoO109I and AflIII in the same manner. This gave pJRDdTc ( FIG. 2 ). This plasmid pJRDdTc has a deletion of the sequence from 3132 to 3169 of pJRD215 and also of its cos region.  
         [0113]     Similarly, PCR was carried out by using primers shown under the SEQ ID NO:4 and 8 of the sequence listing, and using pJRDdc as a template to obtain a DNA fragment of about 0.5 kb. Also in the same manner, a DNA fragment of about 2.4 kb was obtained by PCR using primers shown under the SEQ ID NO:5 and 9 of the sequence listing and using pJRDdc as a template. An overlap PCR method was carried out by making use of an overlap portion of the obtained two fragments. As a polymerase, Pyrobest was used. The fragment of about 2.8 kb obtained by the overlap PCR method was cut with the restriction enzymes EcoO109I and AflIII, and ligated to the pJRDdc cut with EcoO109I and AflIII in the same manner. This gave pJRDdnc ( FIG. 2 ). This plasmid pJRDdnc has a deletion of the sequence from 3132 to 3145 of pJRD215 and also of its cos region.  
       EXAMPLE 3  
     A cos Region Deletion and a mob Gene Region Deletion of pJRDdm, or a Mutation Introduction into pJRDdm  
       [0114]     The Plasmid pJRDdm was cut with the restriction enzymes SpeI and BglII, the resultant was blunted by using DNA Blunting Kit (product of TAKARA SHUZO CO., LTD.) and subjected to self-ligation. This plasmid is named as pJRDdcm ( FIG. 3 ).  
         [0115]     Next, PCR was carried out using primers shown under the SEQ ID NO:5 and 10 of the sequence listing, and pJRDdcm as a template. The obtained DNA fragment was cut with the restriction enzymes Van91I and AflIII, and was ligated to pJRDdcm cut with the restriction enzymes Van91I and AflIII in the same manner, and a plasmid pJRDdcm4380 was obtained ( FIG. 3 ).  
         [0116]     On the other hand, PCR was carried out using primers shown under the SEQ ID NO:11 and 12 of the sequence listing, and the plasmid pJRD215 as a template. As a polymerase, Pyrobest was used. The obtained DNA fragment of about 1.5 kb was cut with restriction enzymes XhoI and PstI, and inserted into pSTV28 vector (product of TAKARA SHUZO CO., LTD.) cut with the restriction enzymes XhoI and PstI to produce pSTVmob. Then, pSTVmob was amplified using PCR primers shown under the SEQ ID NO:13 and 14 of the sequence listing to delete the second Van91I site among three Van91I sites in pSTVmob. As a polymerase, Pfu (product of Stratagene Corp.) was used. After carrying out PCR, the template plasmid was cut by being added with a restriction enzyme DpnI, and  Esherichia coli  JM109 strain was transformed with the product. Then, a plasmid pSTVmob-delVan which is deleted one of Van91I sites was obtained from the transformant ( FIG. 4 ).  
         [0117]     Then, PCR was carried out using primers shown under the SEQ ID NO:15 and 16 of the sequence listing and pSTVmob-delVan as a template. As a polymerase, Pyrobest was used. The amplified fragment was cut with a restriction enzyme Van91I, and ligated to pJRDdcm4380 which had been treated with Van91I, thereby pJRDdcm163 was obtained ( FIG. 4 ). Said plasmid pJRDdcm163 has a deletion of the sequence from 3737 to 4378 of pJRD215 and also of its cos region.  
         [0118]     Similarly, PCR was carried out using primers shown under the SEQ ID NO:15 and 17 of the sequence listing, and pSTVmob-delVan as a template. As a polymerase, Pyrobest was used. The amplified fragment was cut with a restriction enzyme Van91I, and ligated to pJRDdcm4380 which had been treated with Van91I, thereby pJRDdcmB was obtained ( FIG. 4 ). Said plasmid pJRDdcmB has a deletion of the sequence from 4000 to 4378 of pJRD215 and also of its cos region.  
         [0119]     Next, the following operations were carried out to substitute thymine for 3323 adenine of pJRD215 (SEQ ID NO:1), that is, to substitute phenylalanine for the 25th amino acid residue tyrosine of a mobA gene. Amplification was carried out using pSTVmob-delVan as a template, and using PCR primers shown under the SEQ ID NO:18 and 19 of the sequence listing. As a polymerase, Pfu was used. After carrying out PCR, the template plasmid was cut by being added with a restriction enzyme DpnI, and a  Esherichia coli  JM109 strain was transformed with the product, thereby pSTVmob25YF was obtained from the transformant ( FIG. 5 ). A fragment of about 0.9 kb obtained by treating the pSTVmob25YF with Van91I was ligated to pJRDdc cut with Van91I, thereby pJRDdcm25YF was obtained ( FIG. 5 ). Said plasmid pJRDdcm25YF is one in which thymine is substituted for 3323 adenine of pJRD215, and its cos region is deleted.  
       EXAMPLE 4  
     Deletion of a Streptomycin Resistance Gene  
       [0120]     The vector pJRD215 and the vectors pJRDdm, pJRDdTc, pJRDdnc, pJRDdcm163, pJRDdcmB and pJRDdcm25YF obtained in Examples 1 to 3 were cut with the restriction enzymes EcoICRI and PshAI. Thereby, about 1.5 kb of a streptomycin resistance genes (strA and strB genes) were deleted, and a blunted DNA fragment of about 8.0 kb was obtained. This fragment was subjected to self-ligation, and plasmids pJRDds, pJRDdms, pJRDdTcs, pJRDdncs, pJRDdscm163, pJRDdscmB and pJRDdscm25YF were obtained ( FIG. 1 ). These plasmids are ones further deleted the sequence from 206 to 1690 of pJRD215 in the used plasmid.  
       EXAMPLE 5  
     Deletions of a cos Region and a Multi-Cloning Site of pJRDdms  
       [0121]     The plasmid pJRDdms obtained in Example 4 was cut with restriction enzymes NheI and EcoRI, and was ligated to a synthetic DNA sequence shown under the SEQ ID NO:2 (order chain) and NO:3 (reverse chain) of the sequence listing. Thereby, about 0.9 kb of the DNA containing a cos sequence and a multi-cloning site were deleted completely by substituting with a synthetic DNA 45 bp, and a plasmid pJRDdmsc of about 7.1 kb was obtained ( FIG. 1 ).  
       EXAMPLE 6  
     Construction of a mob Region- and oriT Region-Deleted Vector  
       [0122]     Next, PCR was carried out by using primers shown under the SEQ ID NO:20 and 21 of the sequence listing, and using pJRD215 as a template to obtain a DNA fragment of about 1 kb. As a polymerase, Pyrobest was used. This DNA fragment was cut respectively with each restriction enzymes SfiI and Van91I, and was ligated to each of the plasmids pJRDdm and pJRDdms, which had been cut with each restriction enzymes SfiI and Van91I in the same manner, thereby plasmids pJRDdmT1 and pJRDdmsT1 were obtained ( FIG. 6 ).  
         [0123]     Similarly, PCR was carried out using primers shown under the SEQ ID NO:20 and 22 of the sequence listing, and using pJRD215 as a template to obtain a DNA fragment of about 1 kb. This DNA fragment was cut respectively with each restriction enzymes SfiI and Van91I, and was ligated to each of the plasmids pJRDdm and pJRDdms, which had been cut with each restriction enzymes SfiI and Van91I in the same manner, thereby plasmids pJRDdmT2 and pJRDdmsT2 were obtained ( FIG. 6 ).  
         [0124]     Furthermore, similarly, PCR was carried out using primers shown under the SEQ ID NO:20 and 23 of the sequence listing, and pJRD215 as a template to obtain a DNA fragment of about 1 kb. This DNA fragment was cut respectively with each restriction enzymes SfiI and Van91I, and was ligated to each of the plasmids pJRDdm and pJRDdms, which had been cut with each restriction enzymes SfiI and Van91I in the same manner, thereby plasmids pJRDdmT3 and pJRDdmsT3 were obtained ( FIG. 6 ).  
       EXAMPLE 7  
     Construction of an Expression Plasmid for Polyester Production and Construction of a Transformant  
       [0125]     Each fragment of N149S-modified gene, D171G-modified gene and F353T-modified gene was prepared by PCR. D171G modification, for example, is a modification in which glycine is substituted for 171st amino acid aspartic acid of an  Aeromonas caviae -derived PHA synthase. Therefore, a gene fragment EE32d13 derived from  Aeromonas caviae,  disclosed in Japanese Kokai Publication Hei-10-108682, was subcloned into an EcoRI site of pUC19 in advance, and then PCR was carried out using synthetic DNAs shown under the SEQ IDs:24 and 25 as primers. PCR was carried out with 25 cycles each comprising (1) at 94° C. for 2 min., (2) at 94° C. for 30 sec., (3) at 55° C. for 30 sec. and (4) at 72° C. for 2 min., and then (5) at 72° C. for 5 min. Ex Taq polymerase (product of TAKARA BIO) was used as a polymerase.  
         [0126]     Each of the vectors pJRDds, pJRDdm, pJRDdms, pJRDdTc, pJRDdTcs, pJRDdnc, pJRDdcm163, pJRDdcmB and pJRDdcm25YF obtained in Examples 1 to 5 was cut with the restriction enzyme EcoRI. Then, the gene fragment EE32d13 derived from  Aeromonas caviae,  or a fragment of N149S-modified gene, D171G-modified gene or F353T-modified gene, was respectively inserted into EcoRI sites of the above-mentioned plasmids to produce expression plasmids pJRDdsEE32d13, pJRDdmEE32d13, pJRDdmsEE32d13, pJRDdTcEE32d13, pJRDdTc149NS, pJRDdTc171DG, pJRDdTc353FT, pJRDdTcsEE32d13, pJRDdncEE32d13, pJRDdcm163EE32d13, pJRDdcmBEE32d13 and pJRDdcm25YFEE32d13.  
         [0127]     All of transformant strains of  Ralstonia eutropha  containing each of these expression plasmid species were produced by an electrical pulse method. That is, as gene transferring device, Gene Pulser manufactured by Bio-Rad Laboratories was used, and as a cuvette, the one having a gap of 0.2 cm also manufactured by Bio-Rad Laboratories was used. The cuvette was charged with 400 μl of competent cells and 20 μl of plasmids, placed in the pulse device, and then electrical pulse was applied in conditions of an electric capacity of 25 μF, a voltage of 1.5 kV and a resistance value of 800 Ω. After the application of pulse, an aqueous fluid containing bacteria in the cuvette was cultured with shaking in Nutrient Broth medium (product of DIFCO Laboratories) at 30° C. for 3 hours, and then was cultured in a selected plate (Nutrient Agar medium (product of DIFCO Laboratories), kanamycin 100 mg/l) at 30° C. for 2 days to obtain transformants.  
         [0128]     These transformants were deposited to National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, International Patent Organism Depositary. (pJRDdcmBEE32d13 transformant=FERM P-19352, pJRDdcm25YFEE32d13 transformant=FERM P-19353, pJRDdcm163EE32d13 transformant=FERM P-19354, pJRDdTcsEE32d13 transformant=FERM P-19355, pJRDdTcEE32d13 transformant=FERM BP-08624, pJRDdncEE32d13 transformant=FERM BP-08625, pJRDdsEE32d13 transformant=FERM P-19358, pJRDdmsEE32d13 transformant=FERM BP-08626, pJRDdmEE32d13 transformant=FERM P-19360 and pJRDdTc171DG transformant=FERM BP-08623).  
       EXAMPLE 8  
     Production of a Polyester using a Transformant  
       [0129]     The strains of transformants obtained in Example 7 were seeded in a Nile red-containing medium (disodium hydrogenphosphate dodecahydrate 9 g, potassium dihydrogenphosphate 1.5 g, ammonium chloride 0.05 g, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.02 g, fructose 0.5 g, cobalt chloride hexahydrate 0.25 ppm, iron(III) chloride hexahydrate 16 ppm, calcium chloride dihydrate 10.3 ppm, nickel chloride hexahydrate 0.12 ppm, copper sulfate pentahydrate 0.16 ppm, Nile red 0.5 mg, and agar 15 g/1 L), and cultured at 30° C. for one week. After the culture, all of the strains turned red, and a polyester was found to be accumulated in cells.  
       EXAMPLE 9  
     Evaluation of an Ability of Conjugal Mobilization of a Transformant  
       [0130]     Among the expression plasmids described in Example 7, an ability of conjugal mobilization was evaluated for pJRDdmEE32d13, pJRDdmsEE32d13, pJRDdTcEE32d13 and pJRDdncEE32d13. As a control, pJRDEE32d13 was used.  
         [0131]      Esherichia coli  S17-1 strains transformed with each of these expression plasmids were used as donor bacteria, and  Esherichia coli  XL10-gold strain was used as a recipient bacterium. Each of these donor bacteria and the recipient bacterium was seeded to a TB medium (tryptone 1.2%, yeast extract 2.4% and glycerol 0.4%), and was cultured at 37° C. overnight. A sterilized nitrocellulose filter was put onto an LB plate (tryptdne 1%, yeast extract 0.5%, NaCl 1% and agar 1.5%), and a culture solution was mixed with 10 μl of each of the donor bacterium and 10 μl of the recipient bacterium, and the mixed culture solution was inoculated onto the nitrocellulose filter. After the solution was cultured for 5 to 15 hours at 37° C., the nitrocellulose filter was moved to a tube charged with 1 ml of saline, and suspended sufficiently to float the bacteria held on the nitrocellulose filter.  
         [0132]     The thus obtained suspension of mixed bacteria was diluted to be 10 0  to 10 7 -fold amount and was plated by 100 μl on an LB plate containing 50 μg/ml of kanamycin and 20 μg/ml of chloramphenicol, and on an LB plate containing 20 μg/ml of chloramphenicol alone, respectively, followed by culturing them at 37° C. overnight. After the culture, the number of the respective emerged colonies was counted. The results are shown in Table 1.  
                                                                                                   TABLE 1                           The number of emerged colonies in conjugal mobilization       evaluation using the expression plasmids                Cell suspension                                           dilution ratio   ×10 0     ×10 −1     ×10 −2     ×10 −3     ×10 −4     ×10 −5     ×10 −6     ×10 −7                          pJRDdm   LB(Cm)   —   —   —   —   —   1007     111   —       EE32d13   LB(Km, Cm)   9   0   —   —   —   —   —   —       pJRDdms   LB(Cm)   —   —   —   —   —   —   about   183       EE32d13                               1800           LB(Km, Cm)   13    —   —   —   —   —   —   —       pJRDdTc   LB(Cm)   —   —   —   —   —   301    32   —       EE32d13   LB(Km, Cm)   0   —   —   —   —   —   —   —       pJRDdnc   LB(Cm)   —   —   —   —   —   420    40   —       EE32d13   LB(Km, Cm)   0   —   —   —   —   —   —   —                 LB(Cm) represents an LB plate containing chloramphenicol,            LB(Km, Cm) represents an LB plate containing kanamycine and chloramphenicol, and            — represents “not completed with”.             
 
         [0133]      Esherichia coli S 17-1 strain is sensitive to chloramphenicol and kanamycin. On the other hand,  Esherichia coli  XL10-gold strain is resistant to chloramphenicol and sensitive to kanamycin. Since all the expression plasmids used for transforming  Esherichia coli  S17-1 strains contain a kanamycin resistance gene, the bacteria harboring the expression plasmid are resistant to kanamycin. Therefore, on the LB plate containing 20 μg/ml of chloramphenicol alone, the total number of  Esherichia coli  XL10-gold strains may be detected, and on the LB plate containing 50 μg/ml of kanamycin and 20 μg/ml of chloramphenicol,  Esherichia coli  XL10-gold strain transformed with an expression plasmid may be detected.  
         [0134]     Then, the conjugal mobilization frequency per recipient bacterium is calculated by dividing the number of  Esherichia coli  XL10-gold strains, in which an expression plasmid is introduced by conjugal mobilization, contained in 100 μl of a cell suspension, by the total number of  Esherichia coli  XL10-gold strains. Additionally, when the number of XL10-gold strains introduced is 0, the number of XL10-gold strains introduced is set as 1, temporarily, and conjugal mobilization frequency per recipient bacterium is calculated to represent as being less than the obtained conjugal mobilization frequency.  
         [0135]     In the following, the actual calculated values are shown.  
         [0136]     From the results shown in Table 1, the conjugal mobilization frequency per recipient bacterium in the case pJRDdmEE32d13 coexists with a tra gene was 9/1007×10 −5 =8.9×10 −8 ; the conjugal mobilization frequency per recipient bacterium in the case pJRDdmsEE32d13 coexists with a tra gene was 13/183×10 −7 =7.1×10 −9 ; the conjugal mobilization frequency per recipient bacterium in the case pJRDdTcEE32d13 coexists with a tra gene was less than 1/301×10 −5 =3.3×10 −8 ; and the conjugal mobilization frequency per recipient bacterium in the case pJRDdncEE32d13 coexists with a tra gene was less than 1/420×10 −5 =2.4×10 −8 .  
         [0137]     The conjugal mobilization frequency per recipient bacterium of pJRD215EE32d13 tested separately in the same manner was 318/513×10 −3 =6.2×10 −4 . Therefore, the conjugal mobilization frequency of pJRDdmEE32d13, pJRDdmsEE32d13, pJRDdTcEE32d13 and pJRDdncEE32d13 dropped to the level of not more than 1/10 4  to 1/10 5 , it is considered that there is substantially no ability of conjugal mobilization even when they coexist with a tra gene.  
       INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY  
       [0138]     As mentioned above, it becomes possible to produce a polyester more safely in an industrial production and/or efficiently in a low cost by a genetic engineering technique using a novel vector, especially one capable of being replicated in  Ralstonia eutropha.