Abstract:
Compounds having the structure ##SPC1## 
     Wherein R 1  is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, halo, alkoxy or aryloxy; R 2  is hydrogen or methyl; R 3  is alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl; X is oxygen or sulfur; and Y is oxygen, sulfur or =NH, have useful physiological activity.

Description:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Compounds having the structure ##SPC2## 
     Have useful physiological activity. 
     In formula I, and throughout the specification, the symbols are as defined below: 
     R 1  is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, halo, alkoxy, or aryloxy; 
     R 2  is hydrogen or methyl; 
     R 3  is alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl; 
     X is oxygen or sulfur; and 
     Y is oxygen, sulfur or =NH. 
     The term &#34;alkyl&#34;, as used throughout the specification, refers to alkyl groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms. Alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred. 
     The term &#34;aryl&#34;, as used throughout the specification, refers to phenyl or phenyl substituted with one or more halo, alkyl or alkoxy groups. Phenyl and monosubstituted phenyl are preferred. 
     The term &#34;halo&#34;, as used throughout the specification, refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine; chlorine and bromine are the preferred halogens. 
     The term &#34;alkoxy&#34;, as used throughout the specification, refers to a group having the formula alkyl-O-, wherein alkyl is as defined above. 
     The term &#34;aryloxy&#34;, as used throughout the specification, refers to a group having the formula aryl-O-, wherein aryl is as defined above. 
     The term &#34;haloalkyl&#34;, as used throughout the specification, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one or more halogen atoms. The preferred haloalkyl group is trichloroethyl. 
     The term &#34;cycloalkyl&#34;, as used throughout the specification, refers to saturated hydrocarbon rings having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, i.e., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The substituted aminophenyloxadiazoles of formula I have activity against gram-positive bacteria and fungi, and are useful in mammalian species for the treatment and prevention of (a) superficial dermatoses, bacterial or fungal diseases due to species of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Erysipelothrix, Candida, Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton, (b) deep mycoses, fungal diseases due to Candida, Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Histoplsma and similar organisms, and (c) thrush, fungal disease due to Candida species, principally Candida albicans. 
     In general, in the compounds of this invention exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activity when applied as a 0.5-2.0% cream or ointment to the skin of an affected mammal for 2 weeks or more; given orally in daily doses of about 10-200 milligrams per kilogram of body weight; given by injection in daily doses of about 10-50 milligrams per kilogram of body weight; or given intravaginally. The compounds are formulated for all forms of administration using conventional pharmaceutical techniques. 
     The compounds of formula I can be prepared by reacting an aminophenyloxadiazole having the formula ##SPC3## 
     With a compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein the halogen atom is preferably chlorine. The reaction can be run in an organic solvent such as an aromatic hydrocarbon, e.g. benzene, toluene, or the like, an ether such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or the like, or acetonitrile, in the presence of an acid binding agent such as an alkali metal carbonate or a tertiary amine such as triethylamine or the like. It is also possible to employ a solvent which will serve as an acid binding agent as well, e.g. pyridine, picolines and others. While reaction conditions are not critical, the reaction will most preferably be run at the reflux temperature of the solvent. 
     The aminophenyloxadiazoles of formula II can be prepared using as starting materials nitrobenzoyl halides (preferably nitrobenzoyl chlorides) having the formula ##SPC4## 
     and amidoximes having the formula ##SPC5## 
     The nitrobenzoyl halides of formula IV can be prepared from the corresponding nitrobenzoic acid using procedures well known in the art. The amidoximes of formula V can be prepared by reacting a nitrile having the formula ##SPC6## 
     with an acid salt of hydroxylamine, e.g. the hydrochloride or sulfate, in the presence of an acid acceptor such as an alkali metal carbonate. The reaction is preferably conducted in a lower alkanol solvent, optionally in the presence of water. Reaction conditions are not critical and the reaction can be run at room temperature or at the reflux temperature of the solvent. 
     Reaction of a nitrobenzoyl halide of formula IV with an amidoxime of formula V yields a nitrophenyloxadiazole having the formula ##SPC7## 
     The reaction can be run in an inert organic solvent, e.g. benzene, toluene, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, and others, preferably, in the presence of a catalytic amount of boron trifluoride etherate. The reaction proceeds best when it is run at elevated temperatures. 
     A nitrophenyloxadiazole of formula VII can be reduced to the corresponding aminophenyloxadiazole of formula II using conventional techniques. The preferred procedure is to run the reduction reaction using gaseous hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst on charcoal and two to five equivalents of a mineral acid, such as hydrochloric acid. 
     The compounds of formula I wherein R 1  is halogen are preferred, and those wherein R 1  is chlorine are most preferred. 
     The compounds of formula I wherein R 2  is hydrogen are preferred. 
    
    
     The following examples are specific embodiments of this invention. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     [2-Chloro-5-[3-(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl]carbamic acid, methyl ester 
     A. 5-(4-Chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-3-(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole 
     To a solution of 2-furancarboxamidoxime (8.8 g) in 300 ml of dry dioxane a solution of 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoyl chloride (prepared from 14.1 g of 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid and 16.7 g of thionyl chloride) in 50 ml of dioxane which contains 1 ml of boron trifluoride etherate is added. The resulting suspension is refluxed for 16 hours. The solution is evaporated to dryness and the crude product is decolorized. A single recrystallization from absolute ethanol yields 10.8 g of the title compound, melting point 136°-137.5°C. 
     B. 5-(3-Amino-4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole 
     To a slurry of 32.1 g of 5-(4-chloro-3-notrophenyl)-3-(2-furanyl)-1,23,4-oxadiazole in 800 ml of absolute ethanol and 37.4 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid, is added a slurry of 0.3 g of 10% palladium on charcoal in ethanol. The mixture is hydrogenated for 3 hours on a Parr hydrogenator at 45 p.s.i. The insoluble amine hydrochloride is filtered and washed with ethanol and the filtrate is concentrated to dryness. The residue and the precipitate are combined and treated with a 20% potassium carbonate solution in the presence of chloroform. The aqueous phase is extracted four times with chloroform and the extracts are dried, using magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness yielding 22 g of crude product. This residue is recrystallized from acetone/water yielding 15.2 g of the title compound in 4 crops. 
     C. [2-Chloro-5-[3-(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl]carbamic acid, methyl ester 
     To a mixture of 5-(3-amino-4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (1.35 g) and 1.05 g of potassium carbonate in 30 ml of dioxane, 0.75 g of methyl chloroformate is added. The resulting mixture is heated at reflux for 16 hours, concentrated to dryness and the residue placed on an alumina column. The product is eluted with benzene to yield 0.45 g of the title compound, melting point 200°-201°C. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     [2-Chloro-5-[3-(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl]carbamic acid, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl ester 
     To a mixture of 5-(3-amino-4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (0.75 g) and 0.58 g of potassium carbonate in 25 ml of dioxane is added 0.80 g of 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate. The resulting mixture is heated at reflux for 2 hours, and concentrated to dryness. 50 ml of water is added to the residue and the resulting mixture is extracted three times with chloroform. The extracts are dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The residue is absorbed on an alumina column and eluted with benzene to give 0.50 g of the title compound, melting point 114°-116°C. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     [2-Chloro-5-[3 -(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl]carbamic acid, phenyl ester 
     To a mixture of 5-(3-amino-4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (0.75 and 0.58 g of potassium carbonate in 30 ml of dioxane is added 0.94 g of phenylchloroformate. The resulting mixture is heated at reflux for 2 hours and concentrated to dryness. 50 ml of water is added to the residue and the mixture extracted three times with chloroform. The extracts are dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue is recrystallized from benzene to yield 0.62 g of the title compound, melting point 177°-178°C. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     [3-Chloro-4-[3-(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl]carbamic acid, phenyl ester 
     A. 5-(2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole 
     To a solution of 2-furancarboxamidoxime (8.8 g) in 300 ml of dry dioxane is added a solution of 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (prepared from 14.1 g of 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid and 16.7 g of thionyl chloride) in 50 ml of dioxane containing 1 ml of boron trifluoride etherate. The resulting suspension is refluxed for 16 hours and the solution is evaporated to dryness. The crude product is decolorized. A single recrystallization from absolute ethanol yields 10.1 g of the title compound, melting point 124°-125°C. 
     B. 5-(4-Amino-2-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole 
     To a slurry of 28.8 g of 5-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole in 600 ml of absolute ethanol and 34 ml of hydrochloric acid is added a slurry of 2.0 g of 10% palladium on charcoal in ethanol. The mixture is hydrogenated in a Parr hydrogenator at 45 p.s.i. for 3 hours. The insoluble amine hydrochloride is filtered and washed with ethanol. The filtrate is concentrated to dryness and the residue and precipitate are combined and treated with a solution of 20% potassium carbonate in the presence of chloroform. The phases are separated and the aqueous phases extracted three times with 300 ml of chloroform. The organic phases are dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to dryness yielding 20 g of crude product. Recrystallization from acetone/water yields 14.2 g of the title compound in 2 crops, melting point 175°-176.5°C. 
     C. [3-Chloro-4-[3-(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl]carbamic acid, phenyl ester 
     To a mixture of 5-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)--3-(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (0.75 g) and 0.56 g of potassium carbonate in 30 ml of dioxane is added 0.94 g of phenyl chloroformate. The resulting mixture is heated at reflux for 2 hours and concentrated to dryness. 50 ml of water is added to the residue and the resulting mixture is extracted three times with 300 ml of chloroform. The residue is recrystallized from benzene to yield 0.75 g of the title compound, melting point 184°-185.5°C. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     [3-Chloro-4-[3-(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl]carbamic acid, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl ester 
     2,2,2-Trichloroethyl chloroformate (1.56 g) is added to a mixture of 1.05 g of potassium carbonate and 1.3 g of 5-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole in 30 ml of dioxane. The mixture is heated at reflux for 2 hours and concentrated to dryness. The residue is partitioned between water and chloroform and the aqueous layer is extracted twice with chloroform. The combined chloroform extract is dried, filtered and concentrated to yield the crude product. Recrystallization from benzene/dioxane yields 1.2 g of the title compound, melting point 219°-220°C. 
     EXAMPLES 6-13 
     Following the procedure of example 1, but substituting the compound listed in column I for 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoyl chloride, the compound listed in column II for 2-furancarboxamidoxime, and he compound listed in column III for methyl chloroformate, the compound listed in column IV is obtained.ExampleColumn I   Column II  Column III                              Column IV__________________________________________________________________________ 6   3-nitrobenzoyl           3-furancarbox-                      cyclopropyl                              [3-[3-(3-furanyl)-1,2,4,-oxadia-chloride   amidoxime  chloroformate                              zol-5-yl]phenyl]carbamic acid,                              cyclopropyl ester 7   4-methyl-3-nitro-           2-thiophenecarbox-                      2-chlorophenyl                              [2-methyl-5-[3-(2-thienyl)-benzoyl chloride           amidoxime  chloroformate                              1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl]-                              carbamic acid, 2-chlorophenyl                              ester 8   3-ethyl-2-nitro-           2-pyrrolecarbox-                      3-chloropropyl                              [6-ethyl-2-[3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-benzoyl chloride           amidoxime  chloroformate                              1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl]-                              carbamic acid, 3-chloropropyl                              ester 9   2-methoxy-4-nitro-           2-(3-methylfuran)-                      phenyl chloro-                              [3-methoxy-4-[3-[2-(3-methyl-benzoyl chloride           carboxamidoxime                      formate furanyl)]1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-                              phenyl]carbamic acid, phenyl                              ester10   4-phenyloxy-3-           3-(2-methylthio-                      trifluoromethyl                              [2-phenyloxy-5-[3-[3-(2-methyl-nitrobenzoyl           phene)carboxamide-                      chloroformate                              thienyl)]1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-chloride   oxime              phenyl]carbamic acid, trifluoro-                              methyl ester11   3-nitrobenzoyl           3-furancarbox-                      cyclohexyl                              [3-[3-(3-furanyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-chloride   amidoxime  chlorothio-                              5-yl]phenyl]thiocarbamic acid,                      formate cyclohexyl ester12   4-chloro-3-           2-thiophenecarbox-                      methyl chloro-                              [2-chloro-5-[3-(2-thienyl)-1,2,4-nitrobenzoyl           amidoxime  thioformate                              oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl]thiocarbamicchloride                      acid, methyl ester13   4-bromo-3-nitro-           3-pyrrolecarbox-                      phenyl chloro-                              [2-bromo-5-[3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-1,2,4-benzoyl chloride           amidoxime  thioformate                              oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl]thiocarbamic                              acid, phenyl ester__________________________________________________________________________