Abstract:
A container closure assembly comprising a container having a finish and external threads and a cup-like cap having a top and a depending circumferentially extending skirt having second internal threads engagable with the container threads. Detents are providing on one of said threads to normally prevent rotation of the cap in a direction to remove it from the container. First and second interengaging members are formed integrally with the cap and container. One of the interengaging members is flexible to bias the cap in an upward direction to maintain the threads in engagement when the cap is seated on the container. Displacement of the cap downwardly against the normal bias of the interengaging means displaces the cap and container threads to disengage the detents to permit rotation of the cap in a direction to remove it from the container.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to child resistant tamper evident closure assemblies and more specifically to a novel improvement in assemblies of this type which is easy and economical to manufacture and truly effective for the purposes intended. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   Child resistant tamper proof container-closure assemblies are not new per se. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,888,376 entitled SAFETY CLOSURE CAP FOR CONTAINERS, the cap has a depending skirt having internal spiral threads which cooperate with threads on the bottle finish to permit application and removal of the cap. The threads have inter-engaging shoulders which permit rotation of the cap to apply it to the container and interengage to normally lock the container against rotation in a direction to remove it. The cap has a resilient liner so that when it is desired to remove the cap, the user applies a downward force against the top compressing the resilient liner and moving the cap axially downwardly on the neck to displace the interengaging shoulders and permit turning of the cap in a direction to remove it. 
   The safety closure shown in the Cook, U.S. Pat. No. 3,952,899 issued Apr. 27, 1976 and entitled SAFETY CLOSURE CAP shows a similar arrangement utilizing a compressible liner on the inside of the top of the cap for the cap biasing force. 
   The Wiles, et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,387,817 issued Jun. 14, 1983, and entitled CHILD RESISTANT CONTAINER COVER also shows a child resistant tamper evident container-closure. There are a series of circumferentially equi-spaced harpoon shaped threads each having an arrow head portion generally parallel to the center line of the closure and designed to interlock with a series of spiral thread portions on the bottle finish when the cap is threaded to apply it to the container. The arrow head portion  11  locks with the threads in the manner shown in  FIG. 2  and much like the Cook assemblies discussed above, can be disengaged by pressing the cap axially downwardly against the bias of a liner made of a suitable resilient material. 
   The child resistant closure assembly shown in the Steiner, U.S. Pat. No. 4,522,307 issued Jun. 11, 1985 entitled CHILD RESISTANT TAMPER EVIDENT CLOSURE comprises an outer closure shell having an integral tamper evident band encircling and attached to the lower edge of the closure cap skirt and an inner shell having threads for engaging the container threads and including a sealing gasket. Cooperating rachet means are provided on the inner and outer shells which need to be engaged to turn the outer shell in a direction for removal of the inner shell from the container. The tamper evident band which includes a downwardly extending projection prevents this movement so that the band must be either removed prior to closure removal or it will be automatically torn loose as a result of the necessary squeezing action for removal. In either case tearing of the band indicates that an attempt was made to remove the cap. This provides a visual means for determining whether there has been any tampering of the cap seal. 
   In the Montgomery U.S. Pat. No. 4,682,700 for SAFETY CLOSURE AND CONTAINER PACKAGE, the bottle finish and skirt of the container cap have complementary screw threads. The cap has an inwardly directed circumferentially extending retention bead  28  which on application of the cap over the container retention bead  28  slips axially downward on upper flange surface  38  and is gradually expanded as it approaches the flange apex. Continued rotation compresses gasket  18  between the cap top  20  and lip  42  at the end of the container neck  30 . Now when the cap is rotated in a retrograde direction, cap retention bead is forced against the abrupt lower flange surface  40  to resist removal. Enough turning torque must be applied to stretch the cap bead over the apex  36  of the flange which is difficult for children to do and thus provides a tamper resistant feature. 
   The remaining references listed below are of interest to the extent that they show various cap and container arrangements having a child resistant feature. 
   Even though the container closure assemblies discussed above are generally suitable for the purposes intended, it has been found that they all share certain disadvantages and drawbacks. For example, it has been found that over a period of use, the liner tends to lose some of its resiliency and this unfavorably impacts the child resistant feature of these assemblies. Furthermore, a number of the embodiments are rather complicated and expensive to manufacture. 
   
     
       
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
             
           
           
             
               King 
               CONTAINER AND CLOSURE 
               4,084,717 
             
             
               B. Weigand 
               CONTAINER CLOSURE 
               3,339,770 
             
             
               Gach, et al. 
               SAFETY CLOSURE 
               3,770,153 
             
             
               Cooke 
               SAFETY CLOSURE CAP 
               4,139,112 
             
             
               Bialobrzeski 
               CONTAINER SAFETY CLOSURE 
               4,153,172 
             
             
               Brozell et al. 
               CHILD-RESISTANT CLOSURE AND 
               US/2003/0121877 
             
             
                 
               CONTAINER PACKAGE 
             
             
               Thompson 
               CONTAINER AND CAP 
               4,856,667 
             
             
               Kusz 
               CHILD RESISTANT PACKAGE 
               5,711,442 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   With the foregoing in mind, it is an object of the present invention to provide a child resistant container-closure system which is relatively economical to manufacture and assemble and is extremely effective for the purposes intended. Accordingly, the present invention is characterized by novel features of construction and arrangement providing safety to children and yet can be easily manipulated to open and close to access the container by the aged and infirm. 
   Thus, the assembly comprises a container having a finish and external first thread means and a cup-like cap having a top and a depending circumferentially extending skirt having second internal thread means engagable with said first thread means to facilitate application and removal of the cap from the container and detent means on one of said thread means to normally prevent rotation of the cap in a direction to remove it from the container. First and second interengaging members are formed integrally with the cap and container wherein one of the interengaging members is flexible and flexed when the cap is seated on the container to normally bias the cap in an upward direction to maintain the first and second thread means in engagement and wherein displacement of the cap downwardly against the normal bias of the flexible interengaging member displaces said cap and container threads to disengage the detent to permit rotation of the cap in a direction to remove it from the container. 
   When the detent means are in engagement, the cap liner is spaced axially from the axial end face of the container to permit downward displacement of the cap against the bias of the flexible member so that the cap threads are no longer obstructed by the detent and the cap can be rotated in a direction to remove it from the container. 
   Thus, the present invention essentially provides a system comprising cooperative elements formed integrally with the cap and container, one of which is flexible to provide a positive consistent uniform biasing force to retain the cap in a locked, child resistant position instead of the prior art systems which utilize a liner subject to permanent deformation over a period of use which may adversely effect the child resistant aspect of the system. Further, the system of the present invention is economical to manufacture and is totally reliable over the life of the container closure. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of the principal embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  is a fragmentary view partly in section to show the interengaging elements of the cap and the bottle finish; 
       FIG. 3  is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of broken away portion of  FIG. 2 ; 
       FIG. 4  is a bottom plan view showing the diametrically opposed internal threads on the inside skirt of the cap; 
       FIG. 4   a  is a sectional view of the cap taken on lines  4   a - 4   a  of  FIG. 4 ; 
       FIG. 5   a  is a sectional view in the early stages of application to the container as indicated by the arrow; 
       FIG. 5   b  shows the cap fully seated with the liner pressing the axial end face of the bottle finish; 
       FIG. 6  shows the cap turning in a direction to remove it wherein the cap thread abuts the detent on the container thread and wherein the liner is spaced axially from the axial end of the bottle finish; 
       FIG. 6   a  is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the portion circled in  FIG. 6 ; 
       FIG. 7  shows the cap pressed axially downwardly so the cap threads clear the container threads to allow turning the cap in the removal direction; 
       FIG. 8  is a perspective view of another embodiment of container closure assembly in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 9  is a side elevational view of this embodiment with parts of the cap broken away to show the relationship between the cap and the bottle finish; 
       FIG. 10  is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view showing the cap in a fully seated position; 
       FIG. 11  is a side elelvational view of still another embodiment of child resistant container closure assembly in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 12  is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view showing the position of the cap on the container when the cap is turned in a direction to apply it to the container; 
       FIG. 13  is a 360° bottle thread development; 
       FIG. 14  is a 360° cap thread development; 
       FIG. 15  is a 360° cap and bottle thread development; 
       FIG. 16  is a 360° thread development of the cap and bottle as the closure is rotated onto the bottle, the thread on the closure passes the detent on the bottle thread as shown; 
       FIG. 17  is a 360° thread development of the cap and bottle showing the relative position of the threads on the closure with respect to the bottle threads when the closure is in the completely torqued down and sealed position; and 
       FIG. 18  is a 360° thread development of the cap and bottle as the closure is rotated back from the completely sealed position, the upward bias on the closure forces the closure thread into the locked position which is shown. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   Referring now to the drawings and particularly to  FIG. 1  thereof, there is shown a first embodiment of child resistant container-closure assembly in accordance with the present invention generally designated by the numeral  110 . The assembly comprises a container  112  and cap  114  which may be molded of a suitable plastic material. 
   The container  112  has a body portion of generally cylindrical cross section and an upstanding neck portion or bottle finish  118  of smaller diameter. The exterior of the bottle finish  118  has spiral splines, in the present instance, two spline segments  120  and  122 . The spline segments  120 ,  122  extend about half way around the neck of the bottle and each has an enlarged portion  120   a ,  122   a  and a cutback portion  120   b  defining a step configuration and detents  124  and  126  approximately midway of the segments. In accordance with this embodiment of the invention, a circumferentially extending flexible flange  123  extends radially outwardly from the bottle finish  118  below the thread segments  120 ,  122 . The circumferentially extending flange  123  is positioned below a plane P-P through the discharge opening  125  a predetermined height H so that when the cap is turned in a direction to apply it to the container  112  and is almost fully seated, the lower circumferentially extending edge  142   a  of the skirt  142  of the cap engages the flange  123  in the manner shown in  FIGS. 3 &amp; 5  and the liner  149  is spaced by a gap G from the axial end face  151  of the bottle finish  118 . 
   Note that in this position one end of the cap thread  144  is adjacent the detent  124  (See  FIG. 6 ). Continued turning of the cap to fully seat it deflects the flexible member  123  downwardly to press the liner  149  to seal with the end face  151  (See  FIG. 5A ). 
   The cap  114  has a generally circular top  140  and a depending circumferentially extending skirt  142 . Spiral splines or threads project inward from the inner face of the skirt  142  and in the present instance comprise two diametrically opposed thread segments  144  and  146  which span an arc of about 90°. Accordingly, when the cap  114  is fully seated on the container, the parts are in the relative position shown in  FIG. 5  wherein the finish  118  and the cap threads have been rotated to a position wherein the cap threads are spaced from the detents and the flexible flange  123  is deflected downwardly which normally biases the cap and container threads to an engaging relationship. This arrangement provides an upward biasing force on the cap which maintains the splines or threads of the cap and the container engaged. If now the cap is rotated in an opposite direction as indicated by the arrow in  FIG. 6 , the cap thread  144  engages the detent  124  and blocks a further removal effort. In this position, however, the cap  114  has been deflected upwardly providing a gap or space G between the axial end face  151  of the container  112  and the cap seal  149 . In this position, the cap can be pushed axially downwardly easily against the upward bias of the flange  123  and reclosing the gap G between the container seal  149  so that the cap thread  144  is displaced downwardly to clear the detent  124  and can be turned in a direction to fully remove it from the container (See  FIG. 7 ). 
   In accordance with a modified version of the embodiment of the invention described above, the flange  123  instead of being continuous about the periphery of the container finish  118  can consist of a plurality of radially outwardly directed tabs which function similarly to the continuous flange to provide the upward biasing force and displacement capability for removal of the cap described above. 
   There is shown in  FIGS. 8-10  another embodiment of child resistant container closure assembly in accordance with the present invention generally designated by the numeral  210 . The assembly comprises a container  212  and a cap  214  which may be molded of a suitable plastic material. Some of the elements of this assembly are somewhat similar to the previously described embodiment and therefore a 200 series has been established with the last two digits being the same as the counterpart of the first embodiment. 
   The container  212  as illustrated has a body portion of generally circular cross section and an upstanding neck portion or bottle finish  218  of smaller diameter. The exterior of the bottle finish  218  has spiral splines or threads in the present instance two thread segments  220  and  222 . The thread segments  220 ,  222  extend about half way around the neck of the bottle and each has an enlarged portion  220   a ,  222   a  and a cut back portion  220   b ,  220   b  defining a stepped configuration and a detent  224  and  226  approximately midway of the segments. In the present instance, the container finish  218  includes an offset section  230  comprising an axial wall  232  of a predetermined diameter D and a radial connecting wall  234  for a purpose to be described hereafter. 
   The cap has a generally circular top  240  and a depending circumferentially extending skirt  242 . The spiral splines or threads project inwardly from the skirt  242  and in the present instance comprise two diametrically opposed thread segments  244  and  246 . In the present instance the lower terminal edge of the skirt  242  has an axially extending flange  250  of thin cross section having an internal diameter D 1  in the relaxed state smaller than the diameter D of the axial wall  232  of the container finish  218  which as illustrated in  FIG. 3  is flexed when it engages the rounded or beveled edge  252  connecting the axial and radial wall portions  232  and  234  and provide an upward bias to the cap to maintain engagement of the cap and container splines or threads. 
   Consider now operation of the container closure assembly of the present invention. When it is desired to seal the contents of the container, the cap is simply positioned over the bottle finish so that the cap threads  244 ,  246  engage under the splines or threads  220 ,  222  on the container finish  218 . The cap is then rotated in a clockwise direction to a position where the cap threads are displaced angularly to a point where they underlie the container threads and the flexible lip  250  engages the axial wall  232  of the container finish connecting section as shown in  FIG. 3 . If the cap is now rotated in a counterclockwise direction to remove it, the cap thread segments engage the detent  224  thereby blocking further rotation in a direction to remove the cap. The cap can only be rotated further by pressing the cap against the normal upward bias created by the flexible lip  250  and in this position the cap threads can rotate past the detent  224 . 
   There is shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12  another embodiment of child resistant closure assembly in accordance with the present invention. Elements or parts of the container or cap which are similar previously describe embodiments are given similar reference numbers in the 300 series. Thus, the cap is designated by the numeral  314  and the container by the numeral  312 . In accordance with this embodiment, the container finish is straight sided and a relatively rigid flange  314  is provided spaced axially downwardly from the axial end face of the container finish  318  to a predetermined height H 1  so that when the cap is seated on the container, the flexible lip  350  engages the tapered circumferential face  331  of the rib  323  to provide an upwardly directed bias or seating force so that when the cap is rotated in a direction to remove it, the cap threads engage the detents and block removal of the cap. Now when it is desired to remove the cap, the cap is pressed downwardly against the bias provided by the flexible lip  350  of the skirt so that when the cap is rotated the cap threads are not aligned with the detent permitting the cap to be rotated in the direction to remove it. 
   The disadvantages and drawbacks of the prior systems is that they do not provide a truly hermetic seal and therefore are confined to packaging only products such as pills and are generally not suitable for liquids. 
   Further, the prior art packages can not be used with a foil induction seal liner because of the lack of pressure applied to the top of the container through the liner. 
   The prior art closures are applied to the container to the point of engagement and not torqued to a specified force. Thus, they are usually applied by hand not by conventional capping equipment which limits their use. 
   By contrast, the closure of the present invention is designed to be applied past the locking point to a predetermined torque as described above. 
   As the closure is turned in a direction to remove it, the detent is engaged because of the upward bias on the closure which is overcome with a downward force on the cap to allow removal. Therefore, the present system is suitable for foil induction seal and provides the necessary tight seal to package liquid products. 
   Even though particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described herein, it is not intended to limited the invention and changes and modifications may be made therein within the scope of the following claims: