Abstract:
A steering apparatus for a motor-driven watercraft includes: (a) a movable, two-directional joystick including a steering arm (b) a depressible throttle trigger affixed to an upper end portion of the joystick; and (c) a pulley system including a steering cable attached to a lower end of the steering arm, the steering cable extending around pulleys affixed to the starboard or port side of the watercraft in matching pairs; a front, matching pair of the pulleys being pivotably affixed to a hull of the watercraft on either side of the joystick, a rear pair of the pulleys being affixed to the hull of the watercraft on either side of the motor; wherein depression of the throttle trigger and relatively simultaneous movement of the joystick in a first direction, or in a second, opposite direction causes the watercraft to turn in the direction of the movement.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present invention relates generally to a steering apparatus for a watercraft, more particularly, a pulley system for steering a small watercraft using a joystick with a throttle trigger affixed to it. 
     2. Background Information 
     Rotary steering systems of a known type used in watercraft, for example leisure-type powerboats, typically have a steering column that extends between a steering wheel and a cable housing. Within the cable housing, rotation of the steering column is translated to a push-pull movement of a cable that extends from the housing. The cable extends out of the housing and is routed to a rudder, outboard motor, or inboard/outboard stern drive. The push/pull movement of the cable acts to pivot the outboard motor, stern drive, or rudder in the desired direction to steer the watercraft. 
     Rotary steering systems typically have a completely enclosed cable housing, which cannot be readily opened to service the cable. The cable is not visible in such systems, so it cannot readily be checked for wear. Also, when a cable needs to be replaced, it is not possible to access the end of the cable that enters into the housing. A need therefore exists for a cable steering system that is readily serviceable. 
     Outboard motors of a variety of different types and horsepower ratings are commonly used on watercraft. Often, outboard motors of low to medium horsepower rating are provided with a tiller handle, which can be used to steer the motor by rotating a movable portion of the outboard motor relative to a stationary portion. The stationary portion is attached to the transom of the watercraft. 
     Where higher performance or higher horsepower ratings are required, a cable-operated system with a steering wheel, as described hereinabove, is typically used. Like a steering wheel in an automobile, the steering wheel of a watercraft is popular because its use is generally intuitive. 
     Although steering wheel devices are popular, such systems rely on converting rotational movement to linear movement. For example, a rudder or outboard motor often requires application of a linear force and linear movement to effect steering. Devices for achieving this may be, for example, a rack and pinion drive. One of the disadvantages of having to convert rotary motion into linear motion is that the apparatus generally required for this purpose is relatively expensive to manufacture. For example. worm gear drives or rack and pinion drives require many high tolerance machined components. 
     Other disadvantages relate to the steering rate, that is, the amount of rotation of the output device (e.g., outboard motor) for a given number of degrees of rotation of the input device, for example, the steering wheel. A steering apparatus using a worm drive may require several revolutions of the steering wheel to provide a relatively short output movement, thus making it unsuitable for high performance applications requiring fast steering response. 
     Another disadvantage of the prior art steering apparatus relates to its size and weight. Such systems are generally too heavy and bulky to be useful in, for example, a small personal watercraft. 
     The present invention provides a watercraft steering apparatus with a joystick and a pulley system, which overcomes some or all of the problems and shortcomings of currently available steering apparatus, or at least provides the public with a useful choice. The steering apparatus of the present invention is relatively small in size, light in weight, and relatively easy to manufacture. It is also very easy to adjust and repair. With this simple steering apparatus, which is not hydraulic and does not require electricity, a small one or two person watercraft is very responsive to the commands of the driver. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is a watercraft steering apparatus for a motor-driven watercraft, comprising: 
     (a) a movable, two-directional joystick in an aft portion of the watercraft, the joystick being comprised of a steering arm with a hand grip on its upper end portion; 
     (b) a depressible throttle trigger affixed to an upper end portion of the joystick; and 
     (c) a pulley system comprising a steering cable, opposite ends of the steering cable being attached to a lower end of the steering arm, the steering cable extending around a plurality of pulleys affixed to the starboard or port side of the watercraft in matching pairs; a front, matching pair of the plurality of pulleys being pivotably affixed to a hull of the watercraft on either side of the joystick, a rear pair of the plurality of pulleys being affixed to the hull of the watercraft on either side of the motor, which is movably attached to a stem of the watercraft; 
     wherein depression of the throttle trigger and relatively simultaneous movement of the joystick in a first direction, or in a second direction opposite to the first direction, causes the motor to move a corresponding incremental amount, which causes the watercraft to turn in the direction of the movement. 
     The steering apparatus of the present invention is quite easy for a layman to operate, since he or she need only squeeze the throttle trigger to the hand grip and move two-directional joystick right or left. Having a throttle trigger adjacent to a hand grip of the joystick allows for one-handed operation of the watercraft. There is no need to rotate a steering wheel. The steering apparatus of the present invention is relatively safe, since it idles when the throttle trigger is released. The watercraft turns according to the amount the joystick has been moved. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
     A more complete understanding of the invention and its advantages will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein examples of the invention are shown, and wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a watercraft steering apparatus according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a top plan view of an alternate embodiment of a watercraft steering apparatus according to the present invention, showing the joystick and motor in three alternate positions; 
     FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a joystick of a steering apparatus according to the present invention; and 
     FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view of a portion of the joystick and steering apparatus according to FIG. 3, taken along line  4 — 4 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In the following description, like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views. Also, in the following description, it is to be understood that such terms as “front,” “rear,” “within,” and the like are words of convenience and are not to be construed as limiting terms. Referring in more detail to the drawings, the invention will now be described. 
     Referring to FIG. 1, a steering apparatus, generally referred to as  10 , is for use on a small, outboard motor-driven watercraft  11  (see FIG.  2 ). By “small” is meant a marine vessel less than about 18 feet in length or weighing less than about 800 pounds. The present invention is preferably used in a motor boat between about four and ten feet in length, and weighing less than about 500 pounds, which accommodates one to three people. Suitable watercraft also include dinghies with outboard motors. The watercraft steering apparatus  10  is comprised of a joystick  12 , and a pulley system  13 . The generally elongate, relatively straight joystick  12  is comprised of a hand grip  14  attached to a top portion of a steering arm  15 . A curved trigger-type throttle  16  is attached to the steering arm  15  just below the level of the hand grip  14 . The hand grip  14  may be cushioned or molded to better fit a hand of the watercraft driver. The trigger  16  extends in an upward direction close to the hand grip  14  to facilitate grasping by one or more fingers of the same hand. A lower end portion  17  of the steering arm  15  includes two matching apertures  18  on its opposite longitudinal sides, as shown in FIG.  1 . 
     Continuing with FIG. 1, the pulley system  13  is comprised of a set of four pulleys, or jockey wheels,  22 - 25  and a loop of cable  21 . Opposite ends  20  of the loop of cable  21  are threaded through the apertures  18  and tied off. From the joystick  12 , the tensioned cable  21  loops around a front pair  22 ,  23  of spaced-apart, matching wheel-type pulleys. The cable  21  crosses over itself at the approximate centerpoint  26  of the distance between the four pulleys  22 - 25 . The cable  21  then loops around a rear pair  24 ,  25  of spaced-apart, matching wheel pulleys. The wheel pulleys  22 - 25  are preferably positioned on opposite longitudinal sides of the watercraft under the decking. Thus, front and rear pulleys  22  and  24  are attached to a port side of the craft, and front and rear pulleys  23  and  25  are affixed to a starboard side of the craft. The front wheel pulleys  22 ,  23  are preferably each affixed to the deck via a lever, so that they have more give. 
     The cable  21  is preferably made of nylon or the like, which has been found to produce minimal (or no) vibration. Optionally, the cable may be fixed to the steering arm at a point above the first axis, in which case the cable is looped from the first pair of pulleys to the second pair of pulleys without a crossover in the cable. 
     The watercraft&#39;s outboard motor  28 , is hingeably mounted at the center of a stem of the watercraft. The motor  28  pivots about axis M. The tensioned loop of cable  21  is connected to or through an aperture  27  in a coupling hinge  29  projecting from the front of the motor  28 . The coupling hinge  29  on the motor  28  allows for adjustment of tension on the cable  21 . The rear pair of wheel pulleys  24 ,  25  are located symmetrically on either side of the motor  28  and are bolted to the boat. The front wheel pulleys  22 ,  23  are positioned symmetrically on either side of the joystick  12  in front of the rear pair of pulleys under the hull. The front pair of wheel pulleys  22 ,  23  are fixed to the hull of the watercraft. The pulleys are each free to pivot about axes C, D, E, F, respectively. 
     During operation of the watercraft, the remote, one-dimensional joystick  12  provides effective steering control. As the steering arm  15  is rotated about axis S, the steering cable  21  rotates the motor  28  to effect steering. Preferably the trigger-type throttle control  16  for the outboard motor  28  is mounted as illustrated in FIG. 1, to allow simultaneous manual operation of throttle and steering. The steering arm  15  is pivoted about axis S, which is fixed relative to the hull of the watercraft. The axis S lies in a vertical plane parallel to a central longitudinal plane of the watercraft, such that operation of the steering arm  15  is generally intuitive. For example, rotation of the steering arm  15  about axis S in the direction A, produces rotation of the motor  28  about the axis M in the direction B (see FIG.  1 ). Preferably, both the axes M and S lie in the central longitudinal plane of the watercraft, although it will be appreciated that the steering axis S may be displaced to either side of the central longitudinal plane of the craft. Thus, rotation of the joystick  12  towards the left turns the watercraft to the left and rotation of the joystick  12  to the right turns the watercraft to the right. 
     The steering apparatus  10  allows steering through the full angular steering range of an outboard motor  28 , and provides a high steering rate, making the craft very responsive to the steering input. This steering apparatus  10  is particularly applicable to the small high performance, personal type watercraft which are becoming increasingly popular. 
     Although an outboard motor  28  is illustrated in the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1, the steering apparatus  10  may equally be used to control a stern drive or rudder (not shown). In a second preferred embodiment (not shown), the cable  21  is not crossed over between the front pair of wheel pulleys  22 ,  23  and the rear pair of wheel pulleys  24 ,  25 . To retain the intuitive operation of the steering, the axis S is moved down the steering arm  15  to a point below the point of attachment of the cable  21 . 
     In the present invention, replacement of the cable  21  is readily achieved. After first gaining access to the hull of the watercraft, the cable  21  may be released from the motor  28  at coupling hinge  29  and from the steering arm  15 . Although very little maintenance is required, the cable  21  can easily be accessed, for example, through porthole covers under the seats. 
     Turning to an alternate embodiment  30  of the steering apparatus, which is depicted in FIG. 2, the watercraft&#39;s outboard motor  28  has a conventional propeller  31  at its lower end. The motor  28  is movably mounted by a motor bracket  32  to a stern  33  of the watercraft. A shaft of the motor is rotatable about axis M. The propeller axis is generally horizontal and disposed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the watercraft  11 . 
     The steering apparatus  30  includes a crossover pulley system  34  and a joystick  35 . The pulley system  34  includes four wheel-type pulleys, and a cable  21 , which is connected through an aperture  27  in the coupling hinge  29  on the front of the motor  28 . A connection mechanism within the coupling hinge  29  allows for tightening or loosening the tension on the cable  21 . The connection mechanism also allows for adjustment of the attachment position of the cable  21 . From the coupling hinge  29 , the cable  21  loops around the rear pair of matching wheel pulleys  22 ,  23  located symmetrically on either side of the motor  28  and slightly to the rear of the coupling hinge  29 . The cable  21  strands cross over at the centerpoint  26  between the four pulleys  22 - 25 . Guide means  36  are provided to prevent interference between the strands of the cable  21  at the point  26  where they cross. The cable  21  loops around the front pair of pulleys  24 ,  25  and the cable ends  20  are tied to the bottom of a curved steering arm  37 . 
     Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the joystick  35  is comprised of a generally elongate, throttle trigger  38 , a base of which attaches to the curved steering arm  37  just below the configured hand grip  39 . The trigger throttle  38  curves up in a generally vertical direction and away from the hand grip  39 . The hand grip  39 , which fits over the upper end of the steering arm, has indentations  40  at its front to fit the fingers of a boat driver&#39;s hand clenched around the hand grip (not shown). The driver&#39;s forefinger can be extended to grasp the adjacent trigger throttle  38  when desired. An accelerator cable  41 , which is connected to the throttle mechanism, is connected to the throttle trigger  38  at its base. The curved steering arm  37  extends up from the floor of the boat next to the driver&#39;s seat at approximately the longitudinal midline of the craft. The steering arm extends upwardly in a generally vertical direction so that the hand grip  39  of the joystick  35  is easily accessible to the seated driver. The cylindrical steering arm  37  is curved in a generally rearward direction so that the boat driver does not have to stretch to reach the joystick  35 . 
     As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the steering arm  37  extends through a rubber boot  42 , and through a first aperture  43  in a housing plate  44 . The housing plate  44 , which is preferably made of stainless steel, is bolted to the boat deck by any suitable means, preferably by bolts (not shown) inserted through bolt apertures  45  in the housing plate. 
     Looking into the rubber boot  42  of FIG. 3, as seen in the FIG. 4 cross-section, the generally vertical steering arm is cushioned by two bushings  46 , which are preferably made of brass or the like. A housing  47 , which is preferably made of stainless steel, holds the bushings  46 . A bolt  48  extends in a generally horizontal direction through the stainless steel housing  47 , with the bolt head  49  shown at the left of FIG. 4. A nut  50  shown at the right of FIG. 4 affixes bolt  48 . (The housing bolt  48  holds the steering arm on.) A base  51  of the steering arm extends down in a generally vertical direction below the housing plate  44 . The ends  20  of the steering cable  21  are attached to the end portion of the steering arm base  51  by threading them through base apertures  52  (see FIGS.  3  and  4 ). 
     Alternatively, a push-pull cable can be attached to the steering arm instead of a steering cable  21 . This steering apparatus would be similar in appearance to the steering apparatus shown in FIG.  2 . 
     Simply put, when the joystick  35  is pushed to the driver&#39;s right (away from the driver and toward any passenger), the cable  21  pulls the motor  28  to the left and the boat turns starboard; when the joystick  35  is pulled to the driver&#39;s left (toward the driver), the motor  28  is pulled to the right and the boat turns to port (see FIG.  2  and direction arrows in FIG.  3 ). As shown in FIG. 2, the motor  28  is preferably moved approximately 30 degrees to the right or left when the joystick is moved all the way to the right or left. With this simple steering apparatus  30 , which is not hydraulic and does not require electricity, the small one or two person watercraft  11  is very responsive to the commands of the driver. Having the throttle trigger  38  adjacent to the hand grip  39  allows for one-handed operation of the watercraft. The present steering apparatus  30  is quite easy for a layman to operate, since he or she need only squeeze the throttle trigger  38  to the hand grip and move two-directional joystick  35  right or left (“where you point the joystick is where you go”). There is no need to rotate a steering wheel. The present steering apparatus  30  is relatively safe, since it idles when the throttle trigger  38  is released. The boat turns according to the amount the joystick has been moved. More subtle performance enhancements can be introduced by, for example, pushing the joystick  35  and then quickly and forcefully squeezing the throttle trigger  38 . This results in a hard, smooth turn of approximately 180 degrees. 
     As is also shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a second aperture  54  in the housing plate  44  accommodates a gear shift lever  55 , which extends through the gear lever aperture  54  in a generally vertical direction. A gear change cable  56  is connected to the base of the gear shift lever  55 . The boat driver changes gears using the gear shift lever  55 . 
     From the foregoing it can be realized that the described device of the present invention may be easily and conveniently utilized as a steering apparatus for a small watercraft. It is to be understood that any dimensions given herein are illustrative, and are not meant to be limiting. 
     While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described using specific terms, this description is for illustrative purposes only. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications, substitutions, omissions, and changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, and that such areas intended to be within the scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims. It is intended that the doctrine of equivalents be relied upon to determine the fair scope of these claims in connection with any other person&#39;s product which fall outside the literal wording of these claims, but which in reality do not materially depart from this invention. 
     Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention.