Abstract:
A method of forming replacement fins in a complimentary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) device that includes a p-type field effect transistor device (pFET) and an n-type field effect transistor device (nFET) and a CMOS device are described. The method includes forming strained silicon (Si) fins from a strained silicon-on-insulator (SSOI) layer in both an nFET region and a pFET region, forming insulating layers over the strained Si fins, and forming trenches within the insulating layers to expose the strained Si fins in the pFET region only. The method also includes etching the strained Si fins in the pFET region to expose a buried oxide (BOX) layer of the SSOI layer, etching the exposed portions of the BOX layer to expose a bulk substrate, epitaxially growing a Si portion of pFET replacement fins from the bulk substrate, and epitaxially growing silicon germanium (SiGe) portions of the pFET replacement fins on the Si portion of the pFET replacement fins.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a fin field-effect transistor (finFET), and more specifically, to a replacement fin process in a strained silicon-on-insulator (SSOI) wafer. 
         [0002]    A finFET is a type of metal-oxide-semiconductor FET (MOSFET) in which a conducting channel is wrapped by a silicon fin. A finFET device may be a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) device that includes a p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (pMOS) finFET device or pFET and an n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) finFET device or nFET formed on a substrate. A silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer refers to neutral silicon. When the silicon lattice is bigger than a neutral silicon lattice, the silicon is said to be under tensile strain. This is typically the strain experienced in an SSOI wafer. When the silicon lattice is smaller than a neutral silicon lattice, the silicon is said to be under compressive strain. As noted, a finFET (e.g., CMOS device) may include an n-channel region (nFET) and a p-channel region (pFET) with silicon (Si) and silicon germanium (SiGe) fins, respectively. While an SSOI substrate may improve performance in the nFET, the SSOI substrate may cause mobility degradation in the pFET channel region. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0003]    According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method of forming replacement fins in a complimentary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) device that includes a p-type field effect transistor device (pFET) and an n-type field effect transistor device (nFET) includes forming strained silicon (Si) fins from a strained silicon-on-insulator (SSOI) layer in both an nFET region and a pFET region; forming one or more insulating layers over the strained Si fins; forming trenches within the one or more insulating layers so as to expose the strained Si fins in the pFET region only; etching the strained Si fins in the pFET region to expose a buried oxide (BOX) layer of the SSOI layer; etching the exposed portions of the BOX layer to expose a bulk substrate; epitaxially growing a Si portion of pFET replacement fins from the bulk substrate; and epitaxially growing silicon germanium (SiGe) portions of the pFET replacement fins on the Si portion of the pFET replacement fins. 
         [0004]    According to another embodiment, a complimentary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) device includes an n-type field effect transistor (nFET) region, the nFET region including silicon (Si) fins comprised of strained silicon on an insulator layer that extends across the nFET region; and a p-type field effect transistor (pFET) region, the pFET region including silicon germanium (SiGe) fins on a substrate surrounded by the insulator layer. 
         [0005]    Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present invention. Other embodiments and aspects of the invention are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed invention. For a better understanding of the invention with the advantages and the features, refer to the description and to the drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0006]    The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The forgoing and other features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
           [0007]      FIGS. 1-13  show cross-sectional views of intermediate structures involved in processes to obtain Si fins on an insulator in the nFET region and SiGe fins on silicon in the pFET region according to an embodiment of the invention, in which: 
           [0008]      FIG. 1  shows a basic SSOI wafer prior to formation of any fins; 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  shows the intermediate structure resulting from depositing a hard mask layer on the SSOI wafer of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0010]      FIG. 3  shows the intermediate structure resulting from deposition of a mandrel followed by a patterned lithographic mask on the structure shown in  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0011]      FIG. 4  shows the intermediate structure resulting from patterning the mandrel layer and depositing a spacer material on the structure shown in  FIG. 3 ; 
           [0012]      FIG. 5  shows the intermediate structure resulting from etching the spacer material of the structure shown in  FIG. 4 ; 
           [0013]      FIG. 6  shows the intermediate structure that results from pulling the mandrel layer from the structure shown in  FIG. 5 ; 
           [0014]      FIG. 7  shows the intermediate structure resulting from etching the hard mask layer and strained silicon layer using the spacer material shown in the structure of  FIG. 6  as a pattern; 
           [0015]      FIG. 8  shows the intermediate structure that results from removing the spacer material and some of the hard mask material from the structure shown in  FIG. 7 ; 
           [0016]      FIG. 9  shows the intermediate structure that results from deposition of a dielectric film on the structure shown in  FIG. 8 ; 
           [0017]      FIG. 10  shows deposition of lithographic layers and patterned photoresist on the structure shown in  FIG. 9 ; 
           [0018]      FIG. 11  shows an intermediate structure resulting from an etch of the photoresist and lithographic layers that includes trenches in the pFET region; 
           [0019]      FIG. 12  shows the intermediate structure that results from epitaxial growth of Si and SiGe in the trenches in the pFET region shown in  FIG. 11 ; and 
           [0020]      FIG. 13  shows the Si fins on the insulator in the nFET region and the SiGe fins formed directly on the substrate in the pFET region. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0021]    As noted above, an SSOI wafer or a wafer that includes strained silicon (typically tensile strained silicon) may prove advantageous for an nFET device but degrade performance in the pFET channel region. Embodiments of the systems and methods detailed herein relate to the release of pFET channel strain while maintaining (tensile) strained SOI in the nFET region. 
         [0022]      FIGS. 1-13  illustrate the processes involved in forming Si fins from (tensile) strained silicon-on- insulator in the nFET region and forming SiGe fins on the substrate in the pFET region.  FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of a SSOI wafer  100  used to define a pFET region and an nFET region according to embodiments of the invention. The SSOI wafer  100  includes a strained silicon layer  110  on an insulator  120  (e.g., buried oxide (BOX)). The SSOI wafer  100  may be obtained through known fabrication methods that include, for example, growing a gradient SiGe layer on an Si wafer to form a relaxed SiGe layer, and epitaxially growing an Si layer above the SiGe layer. Because the relaxed SiGe has a larger lattice than Si crystal (neutral), the epitaxially grown Si layer will be tensile strained. Another Si wafer and with OX (as buried oxide) may be formed and then bonded with the strained Si/SiGe/Si substrate wafer on the BOX. (via a wafer bonding technique, for example). Hydrogen (H+ ion) implantation may then be used to cut the SiGe and Si substrate off through a smart-cut technique, for example, and any remaining SiGe layer on Strained Si may be etched off to form the SSOI wafer  100 . The insulator  120  is formed on a bulk substrate  130   FIG. 2  shows the intermediate structure  200  that results from depositing a hard mask layer  115  on the strained silicon layer  110 . The hard mask layer  115  may be comprised of silicon nitride (SiN) or silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), for example. 
         [0023]      FIG. 3  illustrates a structure  300  with a mandrel layer  125  deposited on the hard mask layer  115 . The mandrel layer  125  may be amorphous carbon or amorphous silicon (Si), for example. A lithographic mask  135  is patterned over the mandrel layer  125 . The lithographic mask may be comprised of a silicon-containing antireflection coating (SiARC), an optical planarization layer, and a photoresist layer, for example.  FIG. 4  shows the structure  400  that results from patterning the mandrel layer  125  using the lithographic mask  135  and then depositing a spacer material  140  over the patterned mandrel layer  125 .  FIG. 5  shows the structure  500  that results from performing an anisotropic (directional) reactive ion etch (RIE) process to etch horizontally disposed portions of the spacer material  140  into sidewall spacers for the patterned mandrel layer  125 . Pulling the patterned mandrel layer  125  from the structure  500  of  FIG. 5  results in the structure  600  shown in  FIG. 6 . The remaining spacer material  140  then acts as a pattern to etch the hard mask layer  115  and the strained silicon layer  110  to result in the intermediate structure  700  in  FIG. 7 . The etching is accomplished by an RIE process, resulting in the Si fins  710 . The spacer material  140  and some of the hard mask layer  115  are then stripped, leaving the remaining hard mask layer  115  and the patterned strained silicon layer  110  (Si fins  710 ) shown in the structure  800  illustrated in  FIG. 8 . 
         [0024]      FIG. 9  shows an intermediate structure  900  resulting from a dielectric film  145  fill and chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process. The dielectric film  145  may be an oxide (e.g., SiO 2 ) and may be the same oxide as the buried oxide of the insulator  120 . The dielectric film  145  acts as a sacrificial layer or masking layer that facilitates etching of the Si fins  710  in the pFET region  101 , as discussed below.  FIG. 10  is an intermediate structure  1000  that results from deposition of lithographic layers on the structure  900  shown in  FIG. 9 . First, a layer  150  of an organic dielectric layer (ODL) and SiARC is deposited over the dielectric film  145  fill and remaining hard mask layer  115 . This is followed by deposition and patterning of a photoresist  155 . The photoresist  155  covers the nFET region  102  and is patterned over the pFET region  101  so that SiGe fins may be subsequently defined in this region. During an etching process, the photoresist  155  protects the Si fins  710  in the nFET region  102  while the lack of photoresist  155  in the pFET region  101  results in the structure  1100  shown in  FIG. 11 . As shown in  FIG. 11 , the etch leaves the Si fins  710  in the nFET region  102  and removes them from the pFET region  101 . In the pFET region  101 , the etch removes the Si fins  710  and also the insulator  120  beneath the Si fins  710 , which defines trenches  160 . 
         [0025]      FIG. 12  shows an intermediate structure  1200  that results from epitaxial growth of Si ( 165 ) and SiGe ( 720 ) within the trenches  160  defined by the insulator  120  and dielectric film  145 . Epitaxial growth of the Si  165  begins from the substrate  130 , as shown. SiGe (forming SiGe fins  720 ) is then epitaxially grown on the epitaxially grown Si  165 . Alternately, Si may be epitaxially grown to form fins rather than the SiGe fins  720 . When the fins are SiGe fins  720 , there may be neutral or compressive strain. When the fins are Si fins, then there is no strain (neutral fins). The Si  165  and SiGe  720  growth is controlled based on information regarding growth rate such that the Si  165  and SiGe  720  layers are of the desired height. As shown in  FIG. 12 , the desired height of the epitaxially grown Si  165  may be about the height of the insulator layer  120 . According to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 12 , the desired height of the SiGe fins  720  is about the same height as the Si fins  710 .  FIG. 13  shows the structure  1300  that results from etching the remaining hard mask layer  115  (e.g., SiN). When the hard mask layer  115  is SiN and the dielectric film  145  fill is SiO 2 , the hard mask layer  115  may be removed using an etching process that is selective to SiO 2  and the Si and SiGe fin  710 ,  720  materials. This etch may use a hot phosphorous solution (with a temperature of less than  100  degrees Celsius). The dielectric film  145  may then be etched back using an RIE process. Based on the etching rate and etching time, the depth of the etching performed via RIE may be determined. This etch is selective to the Si and SiGe fin  710 ,  720  materials. As  FIG. 13  shows, the pFET region  101  includes SiGe fins  720 . More importantly, the SiGe fins  720  are formed directly on the substrate  130  material (no SSOI in the pFET region  101 ). The nFET region  102  includes Si fins  710  and, more importantly, retains the strained silicon (Si fins  710 ) on the insulator  120  (SSOI). The structure  1300  is further processed, according to known processes, to form other aspects of the CMOS that includes both an nFET device and a pFET device. Each device of the CMOS includes a source terminal, a drain terminal, a gate terminal, and their associated contacts. The fins  710 ,  720  form the channel regions between the source terminal and drain terminal in each respective device. 
         [0026]    The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one more other features, integers, steps, operations, element components, and/or groups thereof. 
         [0027]    The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 
         [0028]    The flow diagrams depicted herein are just one example. There may be many variations to this diagram or the steps (or operations) described therein without departing from the spirit of the invention. For instance, the steps may be performed in a differing order or steps may be added, deleted or modified. All of these variations are considered a part of the claimed invention. 
         [0029]    While the preferred embodiment to the invention had been described, it will be understood that those skilled in the art, both now and in the future, may make various improvements and enhancements which fall within the scope of the claims which follow. These claims should be construed to maintain the proper protection for the invention first described. 
         [0030]    The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.