Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a ligature providing secure contact between the reed and mouthpiece while at the same time allowing for faster adjustment of the reed location and contact point with respect to the mouthpiece cavity such that longer or shorter reed vibrations can be easily obtained if desired. The improved ligature is adaptable to fit a wide range of woodwind instrument mouthpieces. In addition, the ligature has limited points of contact with the mouthpiece, so as to eliminate or reduce abrasions to the mouthpiece assembly associated with the application of the ligature.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a national phase application of International Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/013750 filed on Jan. 30, 2014 which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/759,168, filed Jan. 31, 2013, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/819,343, filed May 3, 2013, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     Disclosed herein are ligatures relating generally to woodwind instruments and more specifically to mouthpiece assemblies wherein a reed or other vibrating member must be securely held to a mouthpiece. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Woodwind musical instruments utilize a tubular body to define a column of air. Sound waves are produced within the column of air and can be modulated by changing the acoustic characteristics of the column. A mouthpiece is connected to the tubular body and contains a cavity in communication with the interior of the tubular body. Woodwind musical instruments utilize the vibration of a reed that covers the cavity of the mouthpiece to generate tones through the oscillation of the reed. 
     The reed is held in place by an adjustable clamp or ligature surrounding both the mouthpiece and the reed. Traditionally, the ligature is a metal band extending the circumference of the mouthpiece body. Tightening mechanisms such as screws are used to tighten the ligature around the reed and the mouthpiece body to securely hold the reed in contact with the mouthpiece body. The contact created by the ligature between the reed and the mouthpiece can play a major role in the tonal qualities of the instrument. The more tightly the reed is held in place, the more dampened the sound. 
     The traditional metal ligatures that utilize screws as tightening mechanisms are burdensome to adjust and can require several attempts to tighten and loosen the ligature to ensure proper contact between the reed and the mouthpiece. Additionally, traditional metal ligatures are individually sized for each mouthpiece requiring the use of multiple different ligatures for each varying mouthpiece. For example, with traditional metal band ligatures a person would need three separate ligatures to fit an alto, soprano and baritone mouthpiece. Finally, over tightening of traditional ligatures can lead to scratching of the mouthpiece. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An improved ligature provides secure contact between the reed and mouthpiece while at the same time allowing for faster adjustment of the reed location and contact point with respect to the mouthpiece cavity such that longer or shorter reed vibrations can be easily obtained if desired. The ligature may be adaptable to fit a wide range of woodwind instrument mouthpieces. In addition, the ligature has limited points of contact with the mouthpiece assembly, so as to eliminate or reduce abrasions to the mouthpiece assembly associated with the application of the ligature. 
     In one general aspect, some example embodiments described by the present disclosure are directed to a ligature for an instrument having a reed and a mouthpiece. According to these various examples, the ligature has a housing with a cradle portion which is shaped to engage the reed. The ligature also includes a spool that is rotatably coupled to the housing and includes a tightening mechanism. The ligature further includes a flexible lace that is coupled to the spool and extends in a loop from the housing. The loop is sized such that it extends around the circumference of the mouthpiece. The ligature also includes a locking mechanism that is coupled to the housing and engages the tightening mechanism to releasably prevent rotation of the spool. In another embodiment, the tightening mechanism contains a ratchet and wheel and the locking mechanism includes a pawl. In yet another embodiment, the flexible lace includes a first end coupled to the housing and a second end coupled to the spool. 
     In another embodiment, the ligature also includes a control knob that is mechanically coupled to the spool. In another embodiment, the ligature also includes a pressure plate coupled to the flexible lace and having a cradle portion that is shaped to securely engage the mouthpiece at an antipodal point opposite of the housing. 
     In yet another embodiment, the cradle portion of the pressure plate and the cradle portion of the housing are lined with a vibration dampening material including: cork, plastic, leather, synthetic leather, silicone, rubber, cotton, fleece or vinyl. In another embodiment, the ligature can have a first insert that is positioned between the cradle portion of the housing and the reed and a second insert that is positioned between the cradle portion of the pressure plate and the mouthpiece. In yet another embodiment, the pressure plate includes an abrasion prevention guide creating separate lace guide channels within the pressure plate. In yet another embodiment, the pressure plate includes more than one lace guide channel for coupling to the flexible lace. 
     In another embodiment the ligature further includes a removable mouthpiece cover that is configured to releasably engage the housing and cover at least a portion of the mouthpiece and reed. The removable mouthpiece cover can include an engagement portion configured to engage a receiving slot of the ligature housing. Further, in some embodiments, the removable mouthpiece cover is shaped such that when it is engaged with the housing it makes no contact with the mouthpiece and reed. 
     In yet another embodiment, the ligature housing includes engagement arms configured to cradle the mouthpiece body. In some embodiments, the engagement arms are configured to releasably couple to the housing through the interaction of engagement ridges located on the engagement arms and receiving slots located on the housing. In yet another embodiment, the engagement arms are lined with a vibration dampening material including: cork, plastic, leather, synthetic leather, silicone, rubber, cotton, fleece or vinyl. 
     Embodiments disclosed herein also include a ligature for an instrument having a reed and mouthpiece, the ligature having a housing with a cradle portion shaped to engage the mouthpiece, a pressure plate with a cradle portion configured to engage the reed, a spool with a tightening mechanism, the spool being rotatably coupled to the housing. The ligature also includes a flexible lace that is coupled to the spool and the pressure plate and extending in a loop from the housing, the loop sized to extend around the circumference of the mouthpiece. 
     In another embodiment, the ligature also includes a control knob that is mechanically coupled to the spool. In another embodiment, the tightening mechanism contains a ratchet and wheel and the locking mechanism includes a pawl. In yet another embodiment, the flexible lace includes a first end coupled to the housing and a second end coupled to the spool and a middle portion coupled to the pressure plate. 
     In yet another embodiment, the cradle portion of the pressure plate and the cradle portion of the housing are lined with a vibration dampening material including: cork, plastic, leather, synthetic leather, silicone, rubber, cotton, fleece or vinyl. In another embodiment, the ligature can have a first insert that is positioned between the cradle portion of the housing and the mouthpiece and a second insert that is positioned between the cradle portion of the pressure plate and the reed. In yet another embodiment, the pressure plate includes an abrasion prevention guide creating separate lace guide channels within the pressure plate. In yet another embodiment, the pressure plate includes more than one lace guide channel for coupling to the flexible lace. 
     In another embodiment the ligature further includes a removable mouthpiece cover that is configured to releasably engage the housing and cover at least a portion of the mouthpiece and reed. The removable mouthpiece cover can include an engagement portion configured to engage a receiving slot of the ligature housing. Further, in some embodiments, the removable mouthpiece cover is shaped such that when it is engaged with the housing it makes no contact with the mouthpiece and reed. 
     In yet another embodiment, the ligature housing includes engagement arms configured to cradle the mouthpiece body. In some embodiments, the engagement arms are configured to releasably couple to the housing through the interaction of engagement ridges located on the engagement arms and receiving slots located on the housing. In yet another embodiment, the engagement arms are lined with a vibration dampening material including: cork, plastic, leather, synthetic leather, silicone, rubber, cotton, fleece or vinyl. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       The invention is pointed out with particularity in the appended claims. The advantages of the invention described herein, together with further advantages, may be better understood by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures. In the figures, like reference characters generally refer to the same components throughout the different figures. The figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention 
         FIG. 1A  depicts a side view of a ligature device according to an embodiment of the disclosed invention. 
         FIG. 1B  depicts a frontal view of a ligature device according to an embodiment of the disclosed invention. 
         FIG. 2  depicts a side view of a mouthpiece utilizing the ligature device of  FIGS. 1A-B . 
         FIG. 3  depicts a rear perspective view of a mouthpiece utilizing the ligature device of  FIGS. 1A-B . 
         FIG. 4  depicts a front perspective view of a mouthpiece utilizing the ligature device of  FIGS. 1A-B . 
         FIGS. 5A-C  depict views of the ligature device of  FIGS. 1A-B  utilized on an alto mouthpiece. 
         FIG. 6A-C  depict views of the ligature device of  FIGS. 1A-B  utilized on an soprano mouthpiece. 
         FIG. 7  depicts an inverted front perspective view of a mouthpiece and mouthpiece cover utilizing the ligature device of  FIGS. 1A-B . 
         FIG. 8  depicts a cross sectional view of a mouthpiece and mouthpiece cover utilizing the ligature device of  FIGS. 1A-B . 
         FIG. 9  depicts a cross sectional inverted view of a mouthpiece and mouthpiece cover according to an embodiment of the disclosed invention. 
         FIG. 10  depicts an exploded perspective view of a mouthpiece and mouthpiece cover utilizing a ligature device according to an embodiment of the disclosed invention. 
         FIGS. 11A-C  depicts a side view of the ligature device of  FIG. 10 . 
         FIG. 12  depicts a front perspective view of a mouthpiece utilizing a ligature according to an embodiment of the disclosed invention. 
         FIG. 13  depicts a front perspective view of a mouthpiece utilizing a ligature according to an embodiment of the disclosed invention. 
         FIG. 14  depicts a front perspective view of a mouthpiece utilizing a ligature according to an embodiment of the disclosed invention. 
         FIG. 15  depicts a front perspective view of a mouthpiece utilizing a ligature according to an embodiment of the disclosed invention. 
         FIG. 16  depicts a rear inverted perspective view of a mouthpiece utilizing a ligature according to an embodiment of the disclosed invention. 
         FIG. 17  depicts a front perspective view of a ligature according to an embodiment of the disclosed invention. 
         FIG. 18  depicts a front perspective view of a mouthpiece utilizing a ligature according to an embodiment of the disclosed invention. 
         FIG. 19  depicts an inverted front perspective view of a mouthpiece utilizing a ligature according to an embodiment of the disclosed invention 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The terms “a,” “an,” “the” and similar referents used in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention. 
     The systems and methods of the present disclosure relate to an improved woodwind musical instrument ligature. 
     An exemplary embodiment of a ligature of the disclosed invention can be seen in  FIGS. 1A-B . The ligature device  100  includes a housing  102  containing a molded cradle portion  116  designed such that it can rest securely upon a reed for a woodwind instrument without any portion of the housing  102  coming in direct contact with a mouthpiece. The ligature device  100  further includes a control knob  104  rotatably attached to the housing  102 . The housing is designed such that its body cavity contains a spool and tightening mechanism that is mechanically coupled to the control knob  104 . The housing  102  includes one or more lace guide entry holes  112  and lace groves  120  that provide lace access and guidance to the spool and tightening mechanism located within the housing body. 
     The ligature device  100  further includes a pressure plate  108  containing a molded cradle portion  118  designed such that it securely engages and applies pressure to a mouthpiece body diametrically opposite the housing cradle portion  116 . A flexible lace  106  is utilized to connect the housing  102  to the pressure plate  108 . A first end of the flexible lace  106  is removably secured to the spool within the housing cavity and is threaded through a lace entry hole  114 . In alternate embodiments, the first end of the flexible lace  106  is removably secured to the interior of the housing cavity itself. The flexible lace  106  extends through a lace guide channel  110  of the pressure plate  108  and returns to the opposite side of the housing  102  from the first end and connects to the spool located within the housing cavity through a lace guide entry hole  112 . 
     In some embodiments, the flexible lace  106  is a single continuous cable coupling the housing  102  to the pressure plate  108 . In alternate embodiments, the flexible lace  106  can include multiple cables coupling the housing  102  and pressure plate  108 . In some embodiments, the flexible lace  106  intersects and crosses over itself within the lace guide channel  110  of the pressure plate  108 . In another embodiment, the pressure plate  108  can include more than one lace guide channel  110  thereby creating separate lace paths for the flexible lace through the pressure plate  108 . These separate lace paths can help ensure even tightening of the flexible lace  106 , reduce friction and prevent abrasion that can be caused where the flexible lace  106  crosses over itself. 
     The control knob  104 , housing  102 , pressure plate  108  and flexible lace  106  form a circumferential loop  119  when mechanically coupled. The circumferential loop  119  can be enlarged or reduced by lengthening or shortening the flexible lace  106  using the control knob  104  to rotate the spool and tightening mechanism located within the housing body. Any of a variety of known tightening mechanisms can be utilized to permit winding of the spool to increase tension on the lace  106 , while resisting unwinding of the spool until desired. For example, any of a wide variety of ratchet structures can be used for this purpose. Alternatively, a sprag clutch or similar structure can permit one-way rotation of a shaft while resisting rotation in the opposite direction. One example of a suitable tightening mechanism is sold under the BOA® trademark and is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,289,558 and 7,992,261, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. 
     As the flexible lace  106  is shortened, the pressure plate  108  is drawn closer to the housing  102  through the reduction in size of the circumferential loop  119 . As the circumferential loop  119  nears the circumferential size of the mouthpiece and reed assembly to which the ligature  100  is being applied, the pressure plate cradle portion  118  engages the mouthpiece body. At or near the same time, the housing cradle portion  116  engages the reed exerting downward pressure on the reed resulting in the reed securely contacting the mouthpiece body. The housing cradle portion  116  and pressure plate cradle portion  118  make contact with the mouthpiece and reed assembly at or substantially near antipodal points diametrically opposite one another. In some embodiments, the ligature  100  can be rotated 180 degrees relative to the mouthpiece and reed assembly such that the housing cradle portion  116  engages the mouthpiece body and the pressure plate cradle portion  116  engages the reed. The enlargement and reduction qualities of the circumferential loop  119  of the ligature  100  enables the ligature  100  to be applied universally to a variety of woodwind mouthpiece and reed assemblies regardless of size. 
     In another embodiment, the pressure plate  108  can be removed from the ligature device. In this embodiment, the control knob  104 , housing  102 , and flexible lace  106  form a circumferential loop  119  when mechanically coupled. As the lace  106  is shortened it is drawn closer to the housing  102  through the reduction in size of the circumferential loop  119 . As the circumferential loop  119  nears the circumferential size of the mouthpiece and reed assembly to which the ligature  100  is being applied, the flexible lace  106  engages the mouthpiece body. At or near the same time, the housing cradle portion  116  engages the reed exerting downward pressure on the reed resulting in the reed securely contacting the mouthpiece body. The housing cradle portion  116  and flexible lace  106  make contact with the mouthpiece and reed assembly at or substantially near antipodal points diametrically opposite one another. 
     In one embodiment, the housing cradle portion  116  and/or the pressure plate cradle portion  118  can be lined with a vibration dampening pad to reduce the amount of vibration, friction and/or reverberation as well as providing firmer grip support in maintaining the reed&#39;s  206  placement with respect to the mouthpiece  200 . The vibration dampening pad can be comprised of suitable dampening materials, including but not limited to, cork, plastic, rubber, leather, silicone, cotton, fleece and other such vibration insulating materials. In another embodiment, an insert and/or spacer can be interchangeably placed between the housing cradle portion  116  and/or the pressure plate cradle portion  118  to ensure proper pressure is applied to the reed and mouthpiece body. 
     The flexible lace  106  can be formed from any flexible elongate material with sufficient axial strength to maintain the desired tension levels, and can comprise, for example, a polymer, a metal, or combinations thereof. For example, any of a wide variety of solid core wires, solid core polymers, or multi-filament wires or polymers, which may be woven, braided, twisted or otherwise oriented, can be used. To reduce friction between the flexible lace  106  and the ligature housing  102  and pressure plate  108 , the outer surface of the flexible lace can be coated with any of a wide variety of low friction materials, including without limitation, nylon or Teflon. The tips or ends of the flexible lace can be sealed or bonded to ensure that the flexible lace core material is retained together to prevent separation of the solid core or strands. These tips or ends of the flexible lace  106  can also act as a terminal anchor point for attaching the flexible lace  106  to the spool, tightening mechanism or housing  102 . Any of a variety of attachment structures for attaching the ends of the lace  106  to the spool can be used. For example, the lace  106  can be attached to the spool by threading the lace through an aperture and providing a transversely oriented set screw so that the set screw can be tightened against the lace  106 . The use of set screws or other releasable clamping structures facilitates disassembly and reassembly of the ligatured device  100  and replacement of the lace  106 . A housing ring  124  and an engagement gap  122  are discussed below. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates the application of the ligature  100  shown in  FIGS. 1A-1B  to a mouthpiece  200  and reed  206  assembly. A single-reed mouthpiece  200  has a generally tubular central portion with a tapered front portion for insertion into the musician&#39;s mouth, and a rear portion  202  which is shaped so as to couple with the next portion of the woodwind instrument (e.g., in a clarinet, the cylindrical rear portion is sized so as to be received into the barrel of the clarinet). The front portion typically includes a substantially flat portion, against which the reed is pressed by the ligature, and a table portion, which curves away from the reed to create an opening for air to be received into an opening  204  in the front end portion. The ligature  100  is designed to surround the mouthpiece  200  and the reed  206  to secure the reed to the mouthpiece in a position creating the desired opening  204 . 
       FIGS. 3 and 4  illustrate rear and front perspective views, respectively, of the application of the ligature  100  as shown in  FIGS. 1A-B  to a mouthpiece and reed assembly. In the illustrated embodiment, the housing cradle portion  116  engages the reed  206 , while the housing body  102  does not contact the mouthpiece body  200 . 
       FIGS. 5A-5C  and  6 A- 6 C illustrate multi-angle views of the application of the ligature  100  as shown in  FIGS. 1A-B  to an Alto and Soprano mouthpiece assembly respectively. A musician utilizing a traditional metal band ligature would need two separate ligatures for the mouthpieces illustrated. The ligature  100  of the present disclosure can be universally applied to a wide range of mouthpiece sizes. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates the application of the ligature  100  as shown in  FIGS. 1A-B  to a mouthpiece  200 . In this embodiment, the housing  102  is configured to releasably receive a mouthpiece cover  700 . The mouthpiece cover  700  contains one or more receiving arms  702  designed to releasably engage the housing  102 . The one or more receiving arms  702  are configured to fit within the engagement gap  122  located between the control knob  104  and the main portion of the housing body  102 . The one or more receiving arms releasably apply substantially circumferential pressure to the housing ring  124  as shown in  FIGS. 1A-B ,  2 ,  5 A and  6 A. In one embodiment, the mouthpiece cover  700  is designed such that when one or more receiving arms  702  are releasably engaged with the housing  102 , the interior sides of the mouthpiece cover  700  and the mouthpiece assembly comprised of the mouthpiece  200  and reed  206  have zero points of contact, or, in some embodiments, minimal points of contact. 
       FIG. 8  represents a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present disclosure. The cross-sectional view of the mouthpiece cover  700  illustrates a gap  704  between the mouthpiece cover  700  and the mouthpiece assembly. Accordingly, there are zero points of contact between the mouthpiece cover  700  and the mouthpiece assembly comprised of the mouthpiece  200  and the reed  206 .  FIG. 8  further illustrates the mouthpiece cover&#39;s  700  releasable engagement with the housing ring  124  within the engagement gap  122  located between the control knob  104  and the housing body  102 . For some users, it may be desirable that the cover  700  not contact the mouthpiece  200  and reed  206  to minimize risk of damage to both the mouthpiece  200  and the reed  206 . This is particularly important as any damage to the tip of the mouthpiece  200  can render it unusable. 
     As previously described,  FIG. 8  illustrates that the housing  102  is designed such that its body cavity contains a spool  802  and tightening mechanism  804  that is mechanically coupled to the control knob  104 . In this embodiment, the ligature  100  further includes a pawl  806  which is mechanically coupled to the control knob  104  and releasably engages the tightening mechanism  804  to prevent unwinding of the spool  802  until desired. As the control knob  104  is rotated, the tightening mechanism  804  and spool  802  draw the flexible lace  106  through the lace guide entry hole  112 . The flexible lace  106  is wound around the spool  802  and collected within a lace collection grove  810 . 
     In addition to the lace guide channels  110 , the pressure plate  108  can also include an abrasion prevention guide  808 . This abrasion prevention guide  808  creates two lace guide channels  110  in the pressure plate  108  to prevent portions of the flexible lace  106  from coming into contact with other portions of the flexible lace  106 . This can help ensure that the flexible lace  106  does not become entangled or come into overlapping contact as it is drawn through the pressure plate  108  into the lace collection grove  810  of the spool  802 . In this embodiment, the two lace guide channels  110  are side-by-side; however, it will be appreciated that the orientation of the abrasion prevention guide  808  with respect to the pressure plate can create lace guide channels that cross or overlap each other while maintaining separation between the lace. 
       FIG. 9  represents a cross-sectional rear view of the mouthpiece cover  700  and its orientation with respect to the mouthpiece  200  and the reed  206 . In this embodiment the distance between the inside surface of the mouthpiece cover  700  and the outside surface of the mouthpiece assembly consisting of the mouthpiece  200  and the reed  206  is approximately 1.5 mm. It will be appreciated that this distance and the diameter of the mouthpiece cover can be varied to fit specific desired space dimensions and other design considerations. 
       FIG. 10  is an exploded view of a ligature and a mouthpiece cover embodiment of the disclosed invention utilized on a mouthpiece and reed assembly. The ligature includes a housing  1002  which contains a molded cradle portion  1016  such that it can rest securely upon a reed  206  or alternatively on a similarly contoured spacer plate or vibration dampening pad  1010 . The housing  1002  further includes a housing ring  1024  upon which is situated one or more lace guide entry holes  1012 . The housing ring  1024  as shown is cylindrical; however, it will be appreciated that the housing ring  1024  can be any number of geometric shapes. An engagement gap  1030  is similar to the engagement gap  122  described above. 
     The housing ring  1024  of the present embodiment contains a hollow core forming a tubular cavity  1014 . As the housing ring shape can vary so too can the geometric shape of the housing ring&#39;s hollow core. The ligature of the present embodiment further includes a spool  1032  that is rotatably coupled to the housing  1002  and is designed to fit within the housing ring cavity  1014 . The spool  1032  contains one or more lace receiving holes  1022  that can be utilized as terminal anchor points. In some embodiments, the spool can also include a ratchet portion  1020  configured to mechanically couple with a control knob  1004 . By rotating the control knob  1004  in a first direction, the spool  1032  will rotate and draw up the flexible lace through the lace guide entry holes  1012  located on the housing ring  1024 . The lace will then wrap around the spool  1032 . By rotating the control knob  1004  in a second direction, the spool  1032  will rotate and release the flexible lace through the lace guide entry holes  1012  located on the housing ring  1024 . 
     As noted, the ligature can include a spacer plate or vibration dampening pad  1010 . The spacer plate or vibration dampening pad  1010  can be loose or affixed to the housing body  1002  such that a first side makes contact with the housing body  1002  and a second side makes contact with the reed  206 . The ligature also includes a pressure plate  1008  which contains a molded cradle portion  1018  such that it securely engages and applies pressure to a mouthpiece body  200  at a point diametrically opposite the housing cradle portion  1016 . The pressure plate  1008  can also include one or more lace guide channels  1006  that provide guidance for the flexible lace. 
     The housing ring  1024  can also be configured such that the distance between the top of the lace guide entry holes  1012  and the top of the housing ring  1024  is capable of removably engaging with one or more mouthpiece cover receiving arms  1028 . The mouthpiece receiving arms act as the connection means between the ligature device and the mouthpiece cover  1026 . 
       FIGS. 11A-C  represent the side, top and rear views of the ligature device and mouthpiece cover as shown in  FIG. 10 . As can be seen, the control knob  1004 , housing  1002 , optional spacer plate or vibration dampening pad  1010 , pressure plate  1008  and flexible lace  106  form a circumferential loop around the mouthpiece assembly comprised of the mouthpiece  200  and reed  206 . As with the ligature&#39;s application in the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 1A-B , this circumferential loop can be enlarged or reduced by the lengthening or shortening of the flexible lace  106  using the control knob  1004  to rotate the spool and tightening mechanism located within the housing ring cavity. As the lace  106  is shortened, the pressure plate  1008  is drawn closer to the housing  1002  through the reduction in size of the circumferential loop. As the circumferential loop nears the circumference of the mouthpiece and reed assembly to which the ligature is being applied, the pressure plate cradle portion  1018  engages the mouthpiece body. At or near the same time, the housing cradle portion  1016  engages the reed  206  exerting downward pressure on the reed  206  resulting in the reed securely contacting the mouthpiece body  200 . The housing cradle portion  1016  and pressure plate cradle portion  1018  make contact with the mouthpiece and reed assembly at or substantially near antipodal points diametrically opposite one another. In some embodiments, the ligature can be rotated 180 degrees relative to the mouthpiece and reed assembly such that the housing cradle portion  1016  engages the mouthpiece body and the pressure plate cradle portion  1018  engages the reed. The enlargement and reduction qualities of the circumferential loop of the ligature enables this ligature to be applied universally to all woodwind mouthpiece and reed assemblies regardless of size. 
       FIG. 12  illustrates an alternative ligature embodiment of the disclosed invention. In this embodiment a rotatable screw  1202  is utilized as an alternative tightening mechanism. The rotatable screw  1202  is mechanically coupled to a mouthpiece body  200 . The rotatable screw  1202  includes one or more lace receiving holes  1206  that can operate a terminal anchor points. The rotatable screw shaft  1204  acts as a spool around which the flexible lace  106  winds or unwinds as the rotatable screw is rotationally activated. 
       FIG. 13  illustrates yet another ligature embodiment of the disclosed invention. In this embodiment a plurality of spools  1302  and tightening mechanisms  1300  can be used to tighten the flexible lace  106  around the mouthpiece body  200 . 
       FIG. 14  illustrates another embodiment of the disclosed invention. In this embodiment a plurality of spools  1402  containing ratchet wheels  1404  are mechanically coupled to a control knob  1400 . 
       FIGS. 15 and 16  illustrate alternative applications to ligature embodiments of the disclosed invention.  FIG. 15  illustrates the use of a pressure plate  1500  containing one or more flexible lace guide channels  1502  to rest securely upon the reed as opposed to applying pressure to the mouthpiece body  200 . With such application, the ligature device  1600 , as shown in  FIG. 16 , would apply pressure to the mouthpiece body  200  at a point diametrically opposite the pressure plate  1500 . 
       FIG. 17  illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a ligature of the disclosed invention. The ligature  1700  is designed to surround a mouthpiece and reed to secure the reed to the mouthpiece. The ligature  1700  of this exemplary embodiment is similar to the ligature  100  as shown in  FIGS. 1A-B . However, the housing  1712  of this exemplary embodiment is configured such that it includes molded engagement arms  1702 . These molded engagement arms  1702  are designed to releasably cradle a mouthpiece body further ensuring that the ligature  1700  securely fastens to the mouthpiece and reed assembly through the application and engagement of the tightening mechanism as detailed herein. The molded engagement arms  1702  can be lined with a vibration dampening pad to reduce the amount of vibration, friction and/or reverberation as well as increase friction between the ligature  1700  and the mouthpiece so as to provide a firmer grip support in maintaining the ligature&#39;s  1700  placement with respect to the mouthpiece. The vibration dampening pad can be comprised of suitable dampening materials, including but not limited to, cork, plastic, rubber, leather, silicone, cotton, fleece and other such vibration insulating materials. 
       FIG. 18  illustrates the application of an alternative ligature embodiment of the disclosed invention. The ligature  1800  of  FIG. 18  is similar to that shown in  FIG. 17 , except that the engagement arms  1702  of ligature  1700  in  FIG. 17  are integrally formed (e.g., integrally molded) with the housing  1712 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 18 , the engagement arms  1802  are releasably coupled with the housing  1812 . The engagement arms  1802  include housing securing ridges  1804  which releasably couples to the housing  1812 . The housing securing ridges  1804  releasably coupled to the housing  1812  by engaging with receiving slots  1806  molded within the housing  1812 . The engagement arms  1802  of  FIG. 18  can be lined with a vibration dampening pad, similar to the vibration dampening pad described above with respect to  FIG. 17   
       FIG. 19  illustrates an inverted view of the ligature embodiment as shown in  FIG. 18 . This figure illustrates the releasable engagement of the engagement arms  1802  with the mouthpiece body  200 . In this embodiment, the engagement arms  1802  are sized so as to partially envelop the mouthpiece body  200 . In other embodiments, the engagement arms  1802  may be shorter or longer so as to extend varying distances along the circumference of the mouthpiece body  200 . It will be appreciated that the size of the engagement arms  1802  can be varied to fit specific desired mouthpiece body dimensions and other design considerations. 
     Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the present disclosure are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member may be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. It is anticipated that one or more members of a group may be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all Markush groups used in the appended claims. 
     It is to be understood that the embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Other modifications that may be employed are within the scope of the invention. Thus, by way of example, but not of limitation, alternative configurations of the present invention may be utilized in accordance with the teachings herein. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to that precisely as shown and described.