Abstract:
A method for tracking the context around moving objects without some of the disadvantages of the prior art is disclosed. This is done by correlating the spatial information of what is around an object with the temporal (or time) information of an object&#39;s movements.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Location Privacy Enforcement in a Location-Based Services Platform,” (Attorney Docket “630-409us”) filed on the same date as this application, which is incorporated by reference. 
     
    
       [0002]    If there are any contradictions or inconsistencies in language between this application and the cases that have been incorporated by reference that might affect the interpretation of the claims in this case, the claims in this case should be interpreted to be consistent with the language in this case. 
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    The present invention relates to telecommunications in general, and, more particularly, to location-based services. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    Location-based services are services provided based on the location of objects. The most prevalent location-based service is Enhanced 911 (or E911) services. The Enhanced 911 service provides 911 operators and emergency responders with information such as the identification of the person calling and the location of the caller. All mobile telephones sold in the United States today have this feature. 
         [0005]    Location-based services include, for example and without limitation, satellite navigation devices that let a user know the location of the closest hospital or gas station to a user. Location-based services may also alert enterprises, such as gas stations, as to when a potential customer is within a certain distance. The enterprise may then send targeted advertisements to a traveler, such as discounts, etc. 
         [0006]    Still other location-based services are targeted to the tracking of objects, such as, for example and without limitation, tracking of packages, tracking a fleet of vehicles, or determining the number of people who are in a given area for allotting government services where they may be most needed. 
         [0007]    Keeping track of these moving objects is difficult enough, but there is a problem when providing location-based services relating to a multitude of moving objects. Namely, how to keep track of the objects around the objects. Or, in other words: How do we track the context around moving objects? 
         [0008]    Keeping track of stationary objects is performed by the use of geographic information systems. Stationary objects are objects such as, for example and without limitation, roads, buildings, etc. These systems are databases which keep track of the space around a given location. Common geographic information systems include Google Maps and the points of interest database on a satellite navigation device. These are limited devices in that they are limited by memory access times relative to the movement of a vehicle, especially as the object tracked moves through multiple areas. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    The present invention provides a method of tracking the context around moving objects without some of the disadvantages of the prior art. This is done by correlating the spatial information of what is around an object with the temporal (or time) information of an object&#39;s movements. 
         [0010]    The present invention does this in two ways. First, it takes advantage of an “event processor.” Event processors are systems of hardware and software that are used to deal with large amounts of time-sensitive data. Examples of the uses of event processors are in financial institutions that track queries such as: “How many transactions involving stock X have transpired in the last 20 minutes?” or “How many stocks are down right now?” These are time-sensitive, contextual queries. Event processors are also used in the management of telecommunications networks. 
         [0011]    Event processors are designed to be able to handle the large amounts of data produced by the myriad of financial transactions in various markets across the world. In the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, an event processor is used to track the movements of a myriad of objects traveling across a given space. 
         [0012]    By combining these time-sensitive event-handling abilities of an event processor with the location context provided by a database, the present invention provides a method for providing context to location- and time-sensitive events. 
         [0013]    Secondly, the illustrative embodiment of the present invention does this by employing a second database to handle the geographic features of the geographic information system database without some of the disadvantages of the prior art. Sometimes, these geographic information systems are “black boxes,” that cannot be interfaced directly and only through an intermediary. This means that interfacing with the databases may have inefficiencies. These systems are also large systems, comprising a lot of data that is not specifically targeted. For example, and without limitation, the geographic information may comprise information such as the price of gasoline at the closest gas station, or the reviews of the closest pizza parlors. This information is often useful, but may slow down a contextual search. 
         [0014]    The illustrative embodiment of the present invention is able to handle queries such as, for example, and without limitation, “Inform me when 200 objects are inside of area  101 - 2  at the same time,” or “Inform me when object  201 - 1  and  202 - 2  are in space  101 - 5 .” Some more concrete examples of spatial-temporal event correlation are presented, without limitation, in table 1: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Comparison of Temporal Event Correlations, Spatial Event Correlations, and 
               
               
                 Spatial-Temporal Event Correlations 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Temporal Event 
                 Spatial Event 
                 Spatial-Temporal Event 
               
               
                 Category 
                 Correlation 
                 Correlation 
                 Correlation 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Event in window/ 
                 An event from a 
                 Target has entered 
                 Target has left and 
               
               
                 region 
                 specified source 
                 space of interest 
                 returned to space of 
               
               
                   
                 occurred in a time 
                   
                 interest n times in a 
               
               
                   
                 window W 
                   
                 given time period 
               
               
                 Count 
                 Event count in time 
                 Target density in 
                 Number of targets that 
               
               
                   
                 window 
                 space of interest 
                 were in space of interest 
               
               
                   
                   
                 now 
                 during some time window 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Number of targets that 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 moved through the space 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 of interest during some 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 time window with a 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 velocity &gt; v 
               
               
                 Related Events/ 
                 2 related events 
                 2 targets have 
                 2 targets have similar 
               
               
                 Objects 
                 from different 
                 possible common 
                 movement trajectory in 
               
               
                   
                 sources occur in 
                 meeting point at 
                 space of interest in time 
               
               
                   
                 window W 
                 position P 
                 window W 
               
               
                 Proximity 
                 2 or more related 
                 2 or more specified 
                 2 or more specified 
               
               
                   
                 events occur within 
                 targets are in space 
                 targets are in space of 
               
               
                   
                 some interval 
                 of interest 
                 interest within some time 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 interval 
               
               
                 Ordering 
                 2 events have a 
                 2 targets have a 
                 2 targets have a specified 
               
               
                   
                 specified temporal 
                 specified spatial 
                 spatial relationship with 
               
               
                   
                 relationship such as 
                 relationship such as 
                 related events from these 
               
               
                   
                 x begins y, x 
                 at, above, or 
                 targets having a specified 
               
               
                   
                 overlaps y, etc. 
                 contains. 
                 temporal relationship 
               
               
                 Statistical 
                 Average number of 
                 Average number of 
                 Average number of 
               
               
                   
                 events of a given 
                 targets of a given 
                 targets of a given type or 
               
               
                   
                 type or other 
                 type or with 
                 with specified properties 
               
               
                   
                 properties across 
                 specified properties 
                 across multiple spaces of 
               
               
                   
                 multiple time 
                 across multiple 
                 interest and time 
               
               
                   
                 windows 
                 spaces of interest 
                 windows 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0015]    The ability to correlate across both time and space can be important for applications. For example and without limitation, “Target has left and returned to space of interest n times in time window W” could mean that a customer is close to a purchase decision, and “2 targets have similar movement trajectory in space in time window W” could be used to automatically detect a stalker. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0016]      FIG. 1  depicts a map in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0017]      FIG. 2  depicts a map in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0018]      FIG. 3  depicts a map in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0019]      FIG. 4  depicts a schematic diagram of the salient components of spatial-temporal event correlation system  400  in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0020]      FIG. 5  depicts a schematic diagram of the salient components of a spatial-temporal event correlation system  400  in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0021]      FIG. 6  depicts a schematic diagram of the salient components of a spatial-temporal event correlation system  400  in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0022]      FIG. 7  depicts a flowchart of the salient tasks associated with the operation of the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0023]      FIG. 8  depicts a flowchart of the salient tasks associated with the operation of task  707  in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0024]      FIG. 9  depicts a flowchart of the salient tasks associated with the operation of task  801  in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0025]      FIG. 10  depicts a flowchart of the salient tasks associated with the operation of task  711  in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0026]      FIG. 11  depicts a flowchart of the salient tasks associated with the operation of task  1001  in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0027]      FIG. 1  depicts a map in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0028]    Map  100  is a rectangular area in which we are interested for the purposes of the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Map  100  comprises areas  101 - 1  through  101 - 6 . 
         [0029]    Although, in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, map  100  represents some physical space, it will be clear to one skilled in the art after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in the space is not a physical space, for example and without limitation, the space is instead a virtual space. 
         [0030]    Although, in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, map  100  represents space in two dimensions (2-D), it will be clear to one skilled in the art after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in the space is not a two dimensional (2-D) space but instead the space is any number of dimensions, for example and without limitation, three dimensions (3-D), four dimensions (4-D), etc. 
         [0031]    Although map  100  is a rectangular area, it will be clear to one skilled in the art after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which map  100  is any shape or any size. 
         [0032]    Although areas  101 - 1  through  101 - 6  are a rectangular areas, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which areas  101 - 1  through  101 - 6  are any shape or any size. 
         [0033]    Although areas  101 - 1  and  101 - 4  overlap, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which areas  101 - 1  and  101 - 4  do not overlap, overlap completely, or overlap with other areas. 
         [0034]    Although areas  101 - 2  and  101 - 4  overlap, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which areas  101 - 2  and  101 - 4  do not overlap, overlap completely, or overlap with other areas. It will also be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention 
         [0035]      FIG. 2  depicts a map in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Map  100  comprises areas  101 - 1  through  101 - 6 , object  201 - 1 , and path  202 - 1 . 
         [0036]    Although  FIG. 2  depicts one object, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which there are any number of objects. 
         [0037]    Although  FIG. 2  depicts one path, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which there are any number of paths. 
         [0038]    Although object  201 - 1  is depicted as a person, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which object  201 - 1  can be any object, for example, and without limitation: a person, a sensor, a vehicle, an animal, a telecommunications terminal, a stationary object, etc. 
         [0039]    Although path  202 - 1  is depicted as going through areas  101 - 4 ,  101 - 5 , and  101 - 3  of the map, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which path  202 - 1  can travel through any area of map  100 . 
         [0040]    Although object  201 - 1  is depicted as traveling along path  202 - 1 , it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which object  201 - 1  can travel along any path and through any area of map  100 . 
         [0041]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, object  201 - 1  travels along path  202 - 1  through areas  101 - 4 ,  101 - 5 , and  101 - 3  of map  100  As it travels along this path, the location object  201 - 1  is noted and tracked. In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the location is noted by satellite trilateralization, such as, for example, and without limitation, global positioning system (GPS). Other techniques for determining location include, for example and without limitation, triangulation of endpoints in cellular or wireless networks, proximal device broadcast, purchasing transactions (such as those by credit card or debit card), vehicle-to-vehicle networks, radio signals, etc. In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the location is then tracked by sending periodic updates through a wireless network, such as, for example and without limitation, a mobile telephone or data network, a packet radio network, a IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) network, etc. 
         [0042]      FIG. 3  depicts a map in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Map  100  comprises areas  101 - 1  through  101 - 6 , objects  201 - 1  and  201 - 2 , and paths  202 - 1  and  202 - 2 . 
         [0043]    Although path  202 - 2  is depicted as going through areas  101 - 6 ,  101 - 5 ,  101 - 2  and  101 - 1  of the map, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which path  202 - 2  can travel through any area of map  100 . 
         [0044]    Although object  201 - 2  is depicted as traveling along path  202 - 2 , it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which object  201 - 2  can travel along any path and through any area of map  100 . 
         [0045]    In accordance of the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the object  201 - 1  and object  201 - 2  are both traveling within map  100  and go about their independent paths. 
         [0046]    In accordance of the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the object  201 - 1  and object  201 - 2  may (or may not) cross paths or may be (or may not be) in the same area at the same time. 
         [0047]      FIG. 4  depicts a schematic diagram of the salient components of spatial-temporal event correlation system  400  in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 4  comprises first database  401 , event processor  402 , second database  403 , link  404 , and link  405 . It will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use spatial-temporal event correlation system  400 . 
         [0048]    Although  FIG. 4  depicts two databases, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which there are any number of databases. 
         [0049]    Although  FIG. 4  depicts one event processor, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which there are any number of event processors. 
         [0050]    Although first database  401  and second database  403  can communicate directly with one another, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which the first database  401  and second database  403  communicate with one another by another means, for example and without limitation, through event processor  402 , through a separate application interface, etc. 
         [0051]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, an event is a tuple with fields, for example and without limitation, unique identifier, time of occurrence (either interval or point), and one or more properties. These properties may include information, for example and without limitation, the source of the event, the event type, priority, and attributes of the event or the source. An event stream is a sequence of events from the same source. It will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which events have different properties and fields. 
         [0052]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, event processor  402  is hardware and software that performs event processing, event filtering, and event correlation. 
         [0053]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, event processing refers to operations performed by an information system, for example and without limitation, operations to receive, distribute, store, modify, generate, or discard events. In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, event filtering is a type of event processing in which an event is forwarded or blocked to a recipient based on a property of the event or some other computational context. 
         [0054]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, event correlation is a type of event processing in which an event is evaluated primarily with respect to other events but also system state or context, in order to produce related events. These related events ideally have the characteristics that there is a reduction in the volume of events and/or the information content of the new events is transformed to a more relevant value. 
         [0055]    It will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use event processor  402 . 
         [0056]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, first database  401  is a geographic information system (GIS) and can be interfaced with event processor  402  and with second database  403 . In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the geographic information system can be a closed system which is interfaced by means of an application programming interface (API) or other interface that allows queries to first database  401 . It will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use first database  401 . 
         [0057]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, event processor  402  is software that is suited for handling queries related to ongoing events. These events, or streams of events, come in one after another and the data from these events are compared with the queries handled by event processor  402 . 
         [0058]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, this would be accomplished by maintaining operations such as, for example and without limitation, “Alert me when object  201 - 1  and object  201 - 2  are in area  101 - 5  of map  100 .” Each time object  201 - 1  or object  201 - 2  relays information to event processor  402 , the operation is performed on the relayed data. It will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure how to make and use event processor  402 . 
         [0059]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, Second Database  403  is used to store geographic information relevant to the queries of event processor  402 . In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, second database  403  comprises a subset of the information contained in first database  401 . 
         [0060]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, link  404  and link  405  are links between geographic system  400  and any users of geographic information system  400 . In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, link  404  is used for event processor  402  to receive requests, for example and without limitation, subscription requests, specific triggers, correlation requests, etc. In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, link  404  is used for event processor  402  to transmit responses, for example and without limitation, transmitting a response when a condition is met, transmitting information regarding a particular space, etc. 
         [0061]      FIG. 5  depicts a schematic diagram of the salient components of a spatial-temporal event correlation system  400  in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 5  comprises a first database  401 , an event processor  402 , second database  403 , link  404 , and link  405   
         [0062]    It will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use spatial-temporal event correlation system  400 . 
         [0063]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, first database  401  and second database  403  are each implemented by means of an R-Tree. In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, an R-Tree is a data structure that is suited for indexing geographic coordinates. It will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use R-Trees. 
         [0064]    Although first database  401  and second database  403  are implemented by means of an R-Tree, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which either first database  401  and second database  403  are implemented by another means, for example, and without limitation, an R*-Tree, an R + -Tree, a B-Tree, a quad-tree, a hash table, a moving object index, or any data storage structure or method. 
         [0065]    Although the R-Tree in first database  401  and the R-tree in second database  402  comprise three entries for each node, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which there are any number of entries for each node. 
         [0066]    Although the R-Tree in first database  401  and the R-tree in second database  402  comprise three child nodes for each parent node, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which there are any number of child nodes for each parent node. 
         [0067]      FIG. 6  depicts a schematic diagram of the salient components of a spatial-temporal event correlation system  400  in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 6  comprises a first database  401 , an event processor  402 , second database  403 , link  404 , link  405 , and application server  601 . 
         [0068]    Although accordance with the alternative embodiment of the present invention, application server  601  interfaces with first database  401  and with event processor  402 , it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use spatial-temporal event correlation system  400  in which the components communicate with one another by another means, for example and without limitation, through event processor  402 , etc. 
         [0069]      FIG. 7  depicts a flowchart of the salient tasks associated with the operation of the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0070]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, tasks  701 ,  702 ,  704 ,  706 ,  707 ,  708 ,  709 ,  711  are performed at event processor  402 . However, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure how to make and use other implementations of the present invention in which the some or all of the steps are performed by another device, for example, and without limitation, a separate application interface, first database  401 , second database  403 , etc. 
         [0071]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, task  703  is performed at first database  401 . However, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure how to make and use other implementations of the present invention in which the step is performed by another device, for example, and without limitation, a separate application interface, etc. 
         [0072]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, tasks  705  and  610  are performed at second database  402 . However, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure how to make and use other implementations of the present invention in which the steps are performed by another device, for example, and without limitation, first database  401 , at event processor  402 , a separate application interface, etc. 
         [0073]    At task  701 , a first request is made to a first space at event processor  402 . In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the first space is a geographic space defined by X and Y coordinates and is referred to by a name, such as, for example and without limitation, space  101 - 5  in map  100 . 
         [0074]    Although, in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the space is defined in two dimensions (2-D) using Cartesian X and Y coordinates, it will be clear to one skilled in the art after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in the space is defined in more than two dimensional (2-D) space, for example and without limitation, three dimensions (3-D), four dimensions (4-D), etc. 
         [0075]    Although, in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the space is referred to by a name (space  101 - 5 ), it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which the space is referred to directly using its X and Y coordinates, by giving a center point and a radius of the space around that point, by referring to the space using some other coordinate system, by referring to the space using some other naming system, etc. 
         [0076]    It will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention that perform task  701 . 
         [0077]    At task  702 , event processor  402  receives a first indicium of the location of a first object. 
         [0078]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, an indicium of the location of the first object is some indication of where the first object may be located. These are, for example, and without limitation, the name of the object to be located, the X and Y coordinates at which the object is located, a name for the place where the object is located (such as “home,” “work,” “school,” etc.), a store where a purchase may have occurred, or any signal that may tell where the object is located. 
         [0079]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the location is in geographic space defined by X and Y coordinates and is referred to by a name, such as, for example and without limitation, object  201 - 1  in map  100 . 
         [0080]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the first indicium of the first object is received at an initial time i. It will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure how to make alternative embodiments of the present invention in which the indicium of the location of the first object is received at any time. 
         [0081]    At task  703 , first database  401  receives a query about the first space. 
         [0082]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the first space is a geographic space defined by X and Y coordinates and is referred to by a name, such as, for example and without limitation, space  101 - 5  in map  100 . In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the first database responds with X and Y boundaries of the requested space. These boundaries would be the X min , X max , Y min , and Y max  of space  101 - 5  in map  100 . Further in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the response to the query may comprise additional information, for example, and without limitation, information of other objects inside of space  101 - 5 , etc. 
         [0083]    Although, in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the space is defined in two dimensions (2-D) using Cartesian X and Y coordinates, it will be clear to one skilled in the art after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in the space is defined in more than two dimensional (2-D) space, for example and without limitation, three dimensions (3-D), four dimensions (4-D), etc. 
         [0084]    At task  704 , the response to the query is received by event processor  402 . 
         [0085]    At task  705 , second database  403  is populated with the geographic information received in response to the query. In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the information placed into second database  403  is a subset of the information received from first database  401 . 
         [0086]    At task  706 , event processor  402  receives a second indicium of the location of the first object. In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the first indicium of the first object is received at an initial time j. It will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure how to make alternative embodiments of the present invention in which the indicium of the location of the first object is received at any time. In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, j&gt;i, but it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention, in which j=i, j&lt;i, etc. 
         [0087]    At task  707 , a response is transmitted in response to the first request from event processor  402 . This task is further detailed in  FIG. 8  and  FIG. 9 . 
         [0088]    At task  708 , a second request is received to the first space at event processor  402 . 
         [0089]    At task  709 , an indicium of the location of a second object is received at event processor  402 . 
         [0090]    At task  710 , second database  402  is queried for the geographic information about the first space. In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the information retrieved in response to the query is subset of the information retrieved from first database  401  at task  703 . It will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which the information is retrieved from another location, for example and without limitation, first database  401 , event processor  402 , etc. 
         [0091]    At task  711 , a response is transmitted in response to the first request from event processor  402 . This task is further detailed in  FIG. 10  and  FIG. 11 . 
         [0092]    It will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use other implementations of the present invention in which one or more of the steps are omitted or are performed in a different order than the one presented or simultaneously. 
         [0093]      FIG. 8  depicts a flowchart of the salient tasks associated with the operation of task  707  in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0094]    At task  801 , it is determined whether or not the condition defined in task  701  to the first space is satisfied. If the condition is satisfied, it will proceed to task  802 . 
         [0095]    Although, in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, task  801  is performed continuously until a single condition is satisfied, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which task  801  is performed any number of times, for example and without limitation, only once, a set number of times, each time an event occurs during a defined time period, etc. It will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which task  801  runs even after the condition is satisfied. 
         [0096]    At task  802 , a response is transmitted to the first request indicating the condition has been satisfied. Although, in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, this entails sending a notification to a user which may be a person or an application, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention, in which the response is transmitted some other way, for example and without limitation, by e-mail, instant message, short-message-service message (SMS), etc. 
         [0097]    It will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure how to make and use other implementations of the present invention in which one or more of the steps are omitted or are performed in a different order than the one presented or simultaneously. 
         [0098]      FIG. 9  depicts a flowchart of the salient tasks associated with the operation of task  801  in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0099]    At task  901 , it is determined whether the location of the first object is in the space defined by the coordinates of the first space. 
         [0100]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, this condition is defined as: [((X 1,t=j ≧X min )         (X 1,t=j ≦X max ))         ((Y 1,t=j ≧Y min )         (Y 1,t=j ≦Y max ))] and wherein j is any positive real number and wherein the test is performed at any time j. In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, this test is performed continuously for any time j, where j increases as time passes. 
         [0101]    Although the condition at task  901  is that the first object is within the X and Y coordinates of the first space, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which task  801  is performed with different conditions, for example, and without limitation, that the object is NOT in the first space, that the object has entered and then exited the space, that the object is a second space, etc. 
         [0102]    Although the condition is defined as above, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which the conditions of task  901  are defined in a different manner, for example, and without limitation, by a different coordinate system, etc. 
         [0103]    Although in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the above condition is used, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which any condition is used. 
         [0104]      FIG. 10  depicts a flowchart of the salient tasks associated with the operation of task  711  in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0105]    At task  1001 , it is determined whether or not the condition defined in task  607  to the first space is satisfied. If the condition is satisfied, it will proceed to task  1002 . 
         [0106]    At task  1002 , a response is transmitted to the first request indicating the condition has been satisfied. 
         [0107]    It will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure how to make and use other implementations of the present invention in which one or more of the steps are omitted or are performed in a different order than the one presented or simultaneously. 
         [0108]      FIG. 11  depicts a flowchart of the salient tasks associated with the operation of task  1001  in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0109]    At task  1101 , it is determined whether the location of the first object is in the space defined by the coordinates of the first space. 
         [0110]    In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, this condition is defined as: 
         [0000]      [[(( X   1,t=j   ≧X   min )         ( X   1,t=j   ≦X   max ))         (( Y   1,t=j   ≧Y   min )         ( Y   1,t=j   ≦Y   max ))]           
         [0000]      [(( X   2,t=k   ≧X   min )         ( X   2,t=k   ≦X   max ))         (( Y   2,t=k   ≧Y   min )         ( Y   2,t=k   ≦Y   max ))] 
         [0000]    wherein j is any positive real number and wherein the test is performed at any time j, and wherein k is any positive real number and wherein the test is performed at any time k. In accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, this test is performed continuously for any time j and time k, where j and k increase as time passes. Although, in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, j=k, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which j≠k. 
         [0111]    Although, in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, j and k, are defined as being positive real numbers, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which j and k are defined as being in a given window of time, such as, for example and without limitation, W min &lt;j, k&lt;W max . 
         [0112]    Although in accordance with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the above condition is used, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which any condition is used. 
         [0113]    Although the condition is that the first object and the second object are both within the X and Y coordinates of the first space, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which task  1101  is performed with different conditions, for example, and without limitation, that one or both objects are NOT in the first space, that one or both objects have entered and then exited the first space, that one or both objects are in a second space, etc. 
         [0114]    Although the condition is defined as above, it will be clear to one skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, how to make and use alternative embodiments of the present invention in which the conditions of task  1101  are defined in a different manner, for example, and without limitation, by a different coordinate system, etc. 
         [0115]    It is to be understood that the disclosure teaches just one example of the illustrative embodiment and that many variations of the invention can easily be devised by those skilled in the art after reading this disclosure and that the scope of the present invention is to be determined by the following claims.