Abstract:
Fingers and palms can be optically scanned to produce optical finger or optical palm prints by using one or more flexible imaging members in contact therewith. The palm or finger being scanned is positioned on one side of the flexible imaging member and in contact therewith. One or more optical scanners is positioned on the other side of the imaging member. The sensor(s) then sense incident radiant energy or light indicative of friction ridge patterns and minutiae on the respective finger and/or palm. Alternately, RF or electro-static sensing could be used.

Description:
FIELD 
   The invention pertains to devices and methods for scanning fingerprints. More particularly, the invention pertains to such devices and methods wherein flexible imaging materials are used to conform to the shape of the respective finger or fingers to produce higher quality fingerprint ridge impressions. 
   BACKGROUND 
   Known techniques and devices to digitally capture a rolled fingerprint from an individual require that the respective finger or fingers be physically rolled against a hard, glass or plastic, imaging surface. This requires that the person taking the image have enough skill to capture the print. This has also been recognized to be a relatively slow and error prone process. 
   The purpose of pressing the finger for fingers against a hard surface is to accentuate the contrast between the ridges and valleys of the fingerprint thus enhancing the quality of the data obtained during the scanning process. In addition to the amount of time the process takes, it is often considered too difficult for many types of security applications such as access control. 
   Alternately, fingerprints, palm prints and hand symmetry can be captured by using a plurality of video cameras. The cameras are oriented at different angles so as to focus on right and left hand non-contact placement areas. All ten digits and both palms can be captured simultaneously. Such configurations eliminate the use of a glass or plastic imaging surface and achieve contact-less capture of the finger and palm prints. Such systems, unfortunately, being contact-less do not provide the accentuated contrast achievable with traditional rolled fingerprinting. 
   Thus there continue to be needs for improved techniques and devices to capture rolled fingerprints. Preferably it would desirable to be able to capture multiple fingerprint images simultaneously and in a way so as to reduce acquisition errors. It would also be desirable to be able to speed the process and to reduce the level of skill required to successfully capture rolled prints. In fact, it would be desirable to be able to do so without operators or with operators having minimal training. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
       FIGS. 1A-1D  taken together illustrate various aspects of a method in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 2A  illustrates aspects of a finger print scanner in accordance with the invention; 
       FIG. 2B  illustrates aspects of an alternate form of a fingerprint scanner in accordance with the invention; and 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an apparatus for simultaneously obtaining a plurality of fingerprints from an individual in accordance with the invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   While embodiments of this invention can take many different forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown in the drawings and will be described herein in detail with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention, as well as the best mode of practicing same, and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiment illustrated. 
   In accordance herewith, embodiments of the invention incorporate thin, transparent and flexible sheet members, such as plastic sheet, which can conform to the shape of a finger. Such imaging members result in a greater area of fingerprint ridge impressions which can be captured by a scanner. As a result, more minutia points, and thus higher quality data can be obtained which can then be compared against one or more perspective matches. Embodiments of the present invention are particularly advantageous in that the use of such flexible imaging surfaces result in quick and easy capture of a rolled fingerprint without any rolling motion. Minimal skill is required of the person taking the prints. 
   A method which embodies the invention includes pressing a subject finger against a thin flexible and transparent imaging surface. The surface conforms to the shape of the finger as pressure is applied but without any rolling motion of the finger. The ridges and valleys on the finger are accentuated while in contact with the imaging surface. The subject finger can then be scanned by one or more optical scanners. The scanners scan the finger across the curvature of the flexible imaging surface. 
   It will also be understood that radio frequency (RF) or electro-static, capacitive, scanning could be used. Neither the exact structure nor the details of the scanner&#39;s technology are limitations of the invention. 
   An apparatus which embodies the invention can incorporate one or more fingerprint scanning regions. Each of the regions includes a flexible transparent imaging surface. 
   A finger or fingers to be scanned are placed against a first side of the respective imaging surface. One or more scanners, associated with each respective finger, can then scan the finger tip, through the imaging surface and along the curvature of the deflected imaging surface. 
   Scanning can be carried out by one or more removable linear arrays. Alternately, one or more multidimensional arrays could be used. In one embodiment of the invention, the multi-dimensional arrays could exhibit a curvature in accordance with the curvature of the deflected imaging surface. 
   Acquired data can be stored locally and analyzed. Alternately, the acquired data can be forwarded to a recognition system for analysis. 
     FIGS. 1A-1D  illustrate aspects of a method  100  in accordance with the invention.  FIGS. 1A-1D  are end elevational views which illustrate a finger F to be scanned moving into contact with a thin, flexible, transparent imaging member  10 . Imaging member  10  has first and second surfaces  10   a, b . As illustrated in  FIGS. 1A-1D  as the finger F moves toward the imaging surface  10 , it comes into contact with the first surface  10   a  of the imaging member  10 . As the finger F continues to move toward the imaging member  10 , it deflects same along a curve as illustrated in  FIGS. 1B ,  1 C and  1 D. 
   The finger F is illustrated in  FIG. 1D  in scanning position with the surface  10   a  of the member  10  deflected by the adjacent surface of the finger F. The ridges and valleys on the finger F are accentuated since they are now in contact with first surface  10   a  of the imaging member. 
     FIGS. 2A and 2B  illustrate two alternative optical scanner configurations  16  and  18 . Con figure 16  of  FIG. 2A  incorporates a single, preferably linear, optical scanner or radiant energy sensor  20 . The sensor  20  is moved along an arc indicated generally at  22  which conforms to the curvature of the imaging member  10  from an initial position to a final position, indicated in phantom. Light, or, photons reflected off of the finger F and transparent imaging member  10  are sensed by the array  20  as it moves end to end along curvature  22 . 
   In an alternate configuration  18 , illustrated in  FIG. 2B , a plurality of sensors or scanners  26  arranged so as to sense the shape of the fingertip F, simultaneously, along the curvature of the finger F and imaging member  10 . 
   Outputs from the scanners  20 ,  26  can be coupled to local collection circuitry for analysis or forwarding to a displaced analysis system. It will be understood that neither the exact configuration of the sensors  20 ,  26  nor their arrangement relative to the imaging member  10  are limitations of the present invention. A variety of configurations thereof come within the spirit and scope of the present invention.  FIGS. 2A ,  2 B illustrate the member  10  curved about a portion of the finger F with scanning of the finger F taking place along an arc relative to the finger that exceeds ninety degrees. 
     FIG. 3  illustrates a multi-finger scanner  50 . The scanner  50  is carried by a housing  52  which can be in any convenient shape or form. 
   The housing  52  carries a plurality of appropriately positioned or spaced apart imaging members  54   a ,  54   b ,  54   c ,  54   d  and  54   e . The imaging members are arranged such that an individual can conveniently place each five fingers of a hand thereon simultaneously. The respective imaging members, such as member  54   e , deflect in accordance with the pressure applied by the respective finger, best seen in  FIG. 1D . 
   A scanner configuration, indicated at  56   a  . . .  56   e  is located in housing  52  behind a respective imaging member  54   a  . . .  54   e . The arrangement of  FIG. 3  protects the respective scanning configuration from oily fingers, moisture or abuse. Scanners could be implemented with optical sensing, RF sensing, or capacitive-type sensing, without limitation. 
   Scanning of the respective fingers can take place simultaneously using either of the scanning configurations  16 ,  18  discussed previously. Data, indicated generally at  60 , from each of the fingers being sensed via the respective sensors such as  56   a  . . .  56   e  can then be coupled to local collection circuits indicated generally at  66 . 
   The local collection circuitry  66  can include control circuitry  68   a  which can be implemented as one or more programmable processors which execute control software  68   b . Storage  68   c  can be provided for temporary storage of the fingerprint data  60 . 
   Analysis can be carried out locally by the control circuits and software  68   a, b . Alternately, the data  60  could be transmitted via interface circuitry  68   d  to a displaced analysis or recognition system  70 . It will be understood that the exact form of the analysis carried out by the system  70  is not a limitation of the present invention. 
   Depending on the application, multiple units  50  can be provided appropriately configured such that an individual could place both hands on a respective imaging apparatus simultaneously to further shorten the scanning time. All such arrangements come within the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
   It will also be understood that the imaging member could be configured, with an associated array, as a palm scanner without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Further, the nature of the imaging member  10  is also not a limitation of the present invention. In addition to being deflectable, the imaging member could be stretchable to potentially further enhance accentuation of the ridges and valleys on the respective finger. 
   From the foregoing, it will be observed that numerous variations and modifications may be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is to be understood that no limitation with respect to the specific apparatus illustrated herein is intended or should be inferred. It is, of course, intended to cover by the appended claims all such modifications as fall within the scope of the claims.