Abstract:
A pipe aligning tool is provided for providing proper alignment and spacing between two piping components to be welded together in an end to end abutted relationship. The tool includes a spacer lying in a single plane for positioning between the ends of the piping components to provide the proper spacing. A pipe locator in the form of two projections, projects perpendicularly outwardly from each side of the spacer for concentric alignment of piping components on opposing sides of the spacer when abutted with the respective pipe locators. The simple construction of the tool permits two piping components to be both concentrically aligned and properly spaced for welding in a simple task which can be manually performed without depending upon visual alignment by the user.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to a tool and a method of use of the tool for aligning adjacent piping components of a spool of piping components which are to be welded together in alignment with one another.  
         BACKGROUND  
         [0002]    When welding piping components together, including straight elongate pipe sections or curved fittings and the like, it is important for the abutted piping components to be aligned concentrically with one another in order to form an even welded joint about a periphery of the piping components. It is also important to have a slight gap between the piping components before welding to permit root bead pass material to penetrate between the abutted ends of the piping components. Typically the piping components are manually supported within the required configuration before welding, however it is difficult to properly align the piping components with one another when this task is performed visually.  
           [0003]    The use of clamps are known for securement about the periphery of two piping components for concentric alignment thereof, however these devices are generally intended as an aid for a welder to eliminate the requirement of a second person for holding the pipe and are typically not intended for providing proper spacing and alignment of the piping components readily in a single operation. Examples of clamps are found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,039,235 to Prissadachky and U.S. Pat. No. 3,925,854 to McFadden, neither of which are suitably arranged to provide a controllable degree of spacing between piping components. U.S. Pat. No. 5,118,024 to McClure provides a further example of a clamp for piping components in which spacing between the components can be controlled, however awkward manipulation of a considerably complex linkage of threaded members is required in order to do so.  
           [0004]    U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,553,305 and 4,483,059 both to Dearman each provide a tool to assist in spacing of piping components to be welded, however the tool is only adapted for use in piping components in which one piping component is slidably received within a collar at the end of the other piping component. A clamping arrangement is secured on one side of a spacer element for clamping the tool onto only one of the tool piping components so that the tool would not be capable of aligning two piping components which are abutted end to end as is typically required when welding piping components together.  
         SUMMARY  
         [0005]    According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a pipe alignment tool for alignment of two adjacent piping components of a spool of piping components to be welded together, the tool comprising:  
           [0006]    a spacer which is contained within a spacer plane for abutment between respective ends of the piping components; and  
           [0007]    a pipe locator supported on each side of the spacer which projects outwardly from the spacer plane, transversely thereto, the pipe locator on one side of the spacer being substantially aligned with the pipe locator on the opposing side of the spacer.  
           [0008]    The use of a planar spacer for abutment between respective ends of the pipes, which includes a pipe locator on each side thereof, can be readily held in place between the abutted pipes to ensure proper spacing therebetween while the pipe locators ensure that the pipes are concentrically aligned with another on opposing sides of the spacer. The tool as described is simple in construction while being readily used, quickly and easily by a person manually manipulating the piping components to be welded.  
           [0009]    Each pipe locator may be arranged to engage partway about a periphery of a respective piping component.  
           [0010]    Preferably, each pipe locator comprises a pair of projections spaced apart from one another and extending outwardly from the respective side of the spacer.  
           [0011]    The projections on opposing sides of the spacer are preferably in respective alignment with one another.  
           [0012]    In a preferred embodiment, the spacer spans the pair of projections on each side thereof and beyond the projections in the form of a flat plate member supporting the projections thereon.  
           [0013]    In some instances, when the projections are generally cylindrical in shape, the projections on one side of the spacer may have a varying diameter than the projections on the opposing side of the spacer for the purposes of concentrically aligning piping components which have some slight variance in actual dimensions relative to one another. In normal use however, the projections would normally be aligned and have substantially identical dimensions on both sides of the spacer.  
           [0014]    Preferably projections of each pair are adjustable in spacing relative to one another.  
           [0015]    When the projections include an inner side for engaging a respective piping component which faces an inner edge of the spacer and an outer side opposite the inner side which faces an outer edge of the spacer, mounting of the projections is preferably arranged such that spacing from the inner edge of the spacer increases as spacing between the projections within each pair of projections increases.  
           [0016]    The pipe locators are preferably secured to the spacer by threaded fasteners so as to be selectively separable and replaceable with different size pipe locators. The pipe locators on opposing sides of the spacer may be commonly mounted using the threaded fasteners.  
           [0017]    The pipe locators on opposing sides of the spacer may project outward at different distances from the spacer to accommodate for flanges, curved piping components and the like. To accommodate most flanges and curved piping components, the pipe locator on at least one side of the spacer projects substantially perpendicularly outward from the spacer a distance which is generally between 10 millimetres (mm) and 14 mm from the spacer. Ideally the projections are at least 10 mm in length beyond the spacer surface for clearance of the bevelled edge commonly found at the end of piping components to be abutted against the spacer. Ensuring that the projections have a preferred maximum length of 14 mm, but ideally less than 12 mm, provides projections which will not interfere with the curvature of the outer side walls of most curved piping components and the varying outer dimensions of most flanges.  
           [0018]    The spacer may have a thickness generally in the range between {fraction (1/16)} of an inch and {fraction (5/32)} of an inch, although a thickness in the range of {fraction (3/32)} of an inch to ⅛ of an inch is preferred for proper spacing between the piping components to be welded.  
           [0019]    According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of aligning two adjacent piping components of a spool of piping components to be welded together, the method comprising:  
           [0020]    providing an alignment tool having a spacer which is contained within a spacer plane and pipe locators projecting outward from respective sides of the spacer transversely to the spacer plane, in respective alignment with one another;  
           [0021]    abutting an end of a first piping component against one side of the spacer;  
           [0022]    engaging a periphery of the first piping component with the respective pipe locator on the same side of the spacer;  
           [0023]    abutting an end of a second piping component against the other side of the spacer;  
           [0024]    aligning the second piping component concentrically with the first piping component by engaging a periphery of the second piping component with the respective pipe locator on the same side of the spacer.  
           [0025]    Once the piping components are substantially concentrically aligned with one another at a point of abutment, the piping components can be tacked together at one location about the periphery by welding so that the tool is no longer required to be held in place. The piping components are then aligned to extend in proper longitudinal alignment with one another so that the longitudinal axes of the respective piping components are coincident with one another, at which point further tacking and welding of the piping components may be accomplished.  
           [0026]    The piping components, when abutted in alignment with the tool, remain freely rotatable about a respective longitudinal axis in relation to each other. This is particularly useful, for example, for orienting the direction of a 90 degree curved piping component in relation to a straight pipe section while the piping components remain aligned for subsequent tacking and welding.  
           [0027]    When the pipe locator on each side of the spacer comprises a pair of projections which extend outward from the spacer at spaced positions from one another, the method may include adjusting a spacing between the projections of each pair to accommodate varying diameters of piping components. More specifically, the method may include adjusting spacing between the projections of each pair within a range between a radius and a diameter of the piping components to be welded.  
           [0028]    When the pipe locator on each side of the spacer comprises a pair of projections, the projections on one side of the spacer being concentrically aligned with respective projections on the other side of the spacer, the method may include increasing diameter of the projections on one side of the spacer in relation to the other side of the spacer when piping components to be welded which are designated as being the same size, have slightly different actual diameters.  
           [0029]    When the pipe locator on one side of the spacer projects from the spacer a shorter distance than the pipe locator on an opposing side of the spacer, the method preferably includes abutting a flange, a curved piping component or some other piping component which is other than straight, against the side of the spacer having the pipe locator which projects the shortest distance from the spacer. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0030]    In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the present invention:  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the pipe aligning tool.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 2 is an end elevational view of two piping components being aligned by the tool before welding.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the tool according to FIG. 1.  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 4 is a sectional view along the line  4 - 4  of FIG. 3.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of a further embodiment of the tool having differing dimensions for use in different pipe size applications.  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 6 is an end elevational view of the tool when two piping components of similar designated diameters but with slight variations in actual dimensions are to be aligned concentrically.  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a flange abutted against one side of the spacer for alignment with a straight pipe section on the other side of the spacer. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0038]    Referring to the accompanying drawings, there is illustrated a pipe aligning tool generally indicated at reference numeral  10 . The tool  10  is particularly useful in aligning two abutting piping components  11  of a piping spool in an end to end, concentric configuration until the piping components  11  can be secured together by a welder by suitable tacking. A piping spool is herein understood to comprise a string of piping components, both straight and curved, as well as fittings including flanges, elbows, intersections and the like, which are assembled to form continuous piping with welded joints.  
         [0039]    As noted above, the abutted components  11  of the piping spool for which the tool may be used include elongate straight piping components, flanges, curved fittings, intersections such as T fittings, or caps and the like. In use, one person holds the abutted components in alignment using the tool  10  while another person tack welds the abutted components together at which point the tool is no longer needed to finish welding the piping components together in proper alignment with one another. After the initial tack, the tool  10  is removed.  
         [0040]    The tool  10  includes a spacer  12  in the form of a flat elongate rectangular plate formed of rigid material having constant thickness which extends from a working end  14  to a handle end  16  thereof. The flat configuration of the spacer  12  lies entirely within a plane of the spacer. Thickness of the spacer may be between {fraction (1/16)} of an inch and {fraction (5/32)} of an inch, however ideally the thickness is between {fraction (3/32)} of an inch and ⅛ of an inch to provide a suitable spacing between the piping components to be welded together.  
         [0041]    A pair of pipe locators  18  are provided on respective opposing sides of the spacer  12  in alignment with one another for engaging the periphery of respective piping components on opposing sides of the spacer  12  for concentric alignment of the piping components. Each pipe locator  18  generally comprises two projections  20  at spaced positions on the spacer  12  for engaging the periphery of respective piping components at spaced locations thereabout so that each piping component is supported partway about one side of its periphery for both vertical and horizontal alignment with an opposing piping component.  
         [0042]    Each projection  20  is cylindrical in shape and projects outwardly from a respective side of the spacer  12  perpendicularly to the plane of the spacer, concentrically with a respective projection on an opposing side of the spacer so that the projections are parallel to one another. Each projection  20  is commonly mounted to the spacer  12  with the respective opposing projection on the opposite side of the spacer by a common threaded insert  22  to which both projections on opposing sides of the spacer are threadably secured. Each projection comprises a cap which is internally threaded for securement to a respective end  24  of the insert  22  which is externally threaded. For regular use of the tool with straight piping components of consistent diameter and with some curved piping components, the projections  20  on opposing sides of the spacer  12  can have identical dimensions of diameter and length without interference with variations in size and curvature of the outer surface of the piping components.  
         [0043]    Due to the common threaded mounting of the projections  20 , the projections can readily be unthreaded and replaced with different size caps having either different diameter or different length. In the example of FIG. 6, in rare instances the external diameter of one pipe component from one manufacturer may vary by ⅛ of an inch, for example, from a similarly standard sized piping component from a different manufacturer, but concentric alignment of the piping components is still desired to produce an even welded bead about a full circumference of the welded joint between the piping components. In this instance as illustrated in FIG. 6, the projections on one side only of the tool may be replaced with pins, each having a diameter which is {fraction (1/16)} of an inch greater so that supporting the smaller of the two piping components on the larger diameter projections enables two opposed piping components on opposite sides of the spacer  12  to remain concentrically aligned when engaged with the projections even when diameter between the two piping components varies by ⅛ of an inch. In the example of FIG. 6, the smaller diameter projections are ⅜ of an inch while the larger projections are {fraction (7/16)} of an inch in diameter.  
         [0044]    In another example, as illustrated in FIG. 2, one of the piping components may comprise a curved fitting which might not sit properly against the projections when abutted with the spacer  12  if the projections project to a greater distance outward from the spacer  12  than a radius of curvature of the piping components permits. A similar problem might occur when one of the piping components comprises a flange having a stepped outer surface. A greater depth of the projection is still preferred on the opposing side of the spacer  12  where a straight piping component is abutted to improve accuracy of alignment of the tool  10  with respect to the piping components. As illustrated in the example of FIG. 2, the shorter projection  20  is only  1  centimetre in depth from the spacer  12 , while the opposing side projections are  2  centimetres in length for improved accuracy in alignment.  
         [0045]    In a further example, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the tool is used for alignment of a flange  40  with a straight piping component. The flange  40  includes an outer periphery which includes a bevel  42  at a free end, similarly to conventional straight and curved piping components, and an outer surface which typically includes a shoulder  44  in which the outer diameter increases at a position spaced from the free end. For proper alignment of the flange  40  with the straight piping component, the projections  20  on a side of the tool which the flange abuts have a length which is suitable for engagement of the projections with the outer surface of the flange between the bevel  42  and the shoulder  44  when the flange abuts the spacer. For clearance of the bevel of the flange, the projections  20  on that side of the spacer are ideally at least one centimetre in length. The projections  20  also have a maximum length of 14 millimetres to prevent engagement with the increased diameter of the flange which would interfere with alignment of the flange with a straight piping component or curved piping component to which it is to be welded.  
         [0046]    The spacer  12  supports the threaded insert mounting the projections thereon to extend through respective apertures  26  extending through the spacer  12  between the opposing sides thereof. The apertures are provided at varying spacings relative to one another for supporting the projections therein at various locations, with the spacer spanning between and beyond the two projections on each side of the spacer in each instance.  
         [0047]    The apertures are located in pairs in which each aperture of each pair is located at a constant spacing from an inner edge  28  of the spacer with respect to the other aperture of the pair. The inner edge  28  of the spacer generally comprises the edge which an inner side  30  of each projection faces when the inner side  30  comprises the side of the projections which engages the periphery of a piping component in use. Similarly the outer edge  32  of the spacer comprises an edge of the spacer opposite to the inner edge which the outer side  34  of the projections face opposite the inner sides engaged with the piping components in use.  
         [0048]    Each pair of apertures  26  is located at a different spacing from the inner edge  28  of the spacer with the apertures of the pairs having increasing spacing from the inner edge as spacing between the apertures within each pair similarly increases. The last few pairs having the greatest spacing of apertures therebetween are located at the same distance from both inner and outer edges while being positioned closest to the outer edge for minimizing the required width of the spacer  12 .  
         [0049]    In use, a first piping component of two components to be welded together is abutted against one side of the spacer  12  and then aligned with the spacer by engaging a periphery of the first piping component with both projections of the pipe locator on the same side of the spacer with which the first piping component is abutted. A second piping component is then similarly abutted at its end with the opposing side of the spacer and subsequently is aligned concentrically with the first piping component by engaging the periphery of the second piping component with both projections of the pipe locator on that same side of the spacer that the second piping component abuts. When the piping components are abutted in alignment with the tool, they remain freely rotatable about a respective longitudinal axis in relation to each other and the tool for orienting the piping components in relation to each other in the aligned position thereof.  
         [0050]    Before abutment of the piping components with the spacer, a spacing between the projections of each pipe locator may be adjusted to accommodate the diameter of the piping components to be welded. The spacing between the projections of each pipe locator is preferably adjusted within a range between a radius and a diameter of the piping components to be welded. In the event that the two piping components do not have identical diameters, varying diameters of projections may be used before alignment as described and illustrated with regard to FIG. 6. Shorter projections may similarly be replaced when required for curved piping components and the like, also as noted above.  
         [0051]    While some embodiments of the present invention have been described in the foregoing, it is to be understood that other embodiments are possible within the scope of the invention. For instance, the spacer may comprise a plurality of non-continuous elements lying within the plane of the spacer or the projections of the pipe locators may be arranged so that only one of the projections is moved to adjust the spacing therebetween. The opposing projections themselves may be two continuous and parallel members while the spacer comprises plural elements supported in a common plane between respective ends of the continuous members, perpendicularly thereto. The invention is to be considered limited solely by the scope of the appended claims.