Abstract:
A system for migrating a non-tenant-aware local application to a tenant-aware cloud application environment is disclosed to migrate individual modules of the application to instances of the cloud by grouping the modules via common characteristics in partition groups. By grouping modules together by partition group before migrating the modules to cloud instances, modules that share resources can be placed in closer logical proximity to one another in the cloud to optimize performance.

Description:
[0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/814625, filed Jul. 31, 2015, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/031712, filed Jul. 31, 2014. This application also claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/031679, filed Jul. 31, 2014. All extrinsic materials identified herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The field of the invention is software applications and services. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    The background description includes information that maybe useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art. 
         [0004]    Computer environments have evolved from localized single user systems, to multi-user systems accessible by geographically distributed users. More recently, as cloud resources have become available, there has been a push to migrate one or more aspects (computer power, memory, storage, etc) of what were previously localized systems into the cloud. This can be done for many reasons, including efficient allocation of resources, cost-effective scalability, improved reliability, improved security, and greater accessibility. 
         [0005]    There are numerous issues that arise in executing such migrations, including especially time and cost. For example, many applications are not well suited to a particular cloud environment because (a) cloud environments and their resources are available in a wide variety of configurations and may not pair well with the application&#39;s requirements, (b) legacy applications may fail to take advantage of the additional resources offered by a cloud environment and/or (c) applications run inefficiently in a cloud. Before migrating local software applications into a cloud environment, it is helpful to match and compare a local software application&#39;s hardware, software, network, and other application environment resources with the resources of any cloud environments considered for migration. The matching and comparing reveals compatibility, costs, and other software migration factors that can serve as a basis for the selection of a proper cloud environment or environments. 
         [0006]    Thus, there is still a need for systems and methods that efficiently adapt legacy software applications so they may take advantage of the resources and benefits of a cloud environment, including migrating non-tenant aware software applications into applications that can be operated in tenant applications in a SaaS (Software as a Service) environment. One particular need is to effectively consider factors such as cost, scalability, performance, and security inherent in the use of cloud resources before the software application can be deployed on the cloud. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    The inventive subject matter provides apparatus, systems, and methods in which application workloads are mapped to one or more cloud resources using a scanning engine, a partitioning engine, a mapping engine, and a rendering engine. 
         [0008]    The scanning engine is preferably configured to identify characteristics of software applications and workloads associated with the applications, as well as identify characteristics of cloud environments and cloud resources available in the cloud environments. It is contemplated that one or more characteristics, applications, workloads, cloud environments, and cloud resources can be identified. The scanning engine is preferably configured to identify characteristics of the applications, workloads, cloud environments, and cloud resources to permit efficient, productive, and/or cost effective mapping of the workloads to the cloud resources. 
         [0009]    The partitioning engine is preferably configured to use, at least in part, the information identified by the scanning engine regarding characteristics of the applications, workloads, cloud environments, and cloud resources in order to efficiently divide the workloads into executable groups and/or collections. It is further contemplated that the partitioning engine create as many permutations of workload arrangements as is reasonably possible or permitted by a set of rules. It is contemplated that the partitioned workloads be arranged based, at least in part, on information about the components of the application, the dependencies of the workloads, and the application environment context wherein the applications do or will operate. 
         [0010]    The mapping engine in preferably configured to use, at least in part, the permutations of workload arrangements devised by the partitioning engine to create maps assigning each workload arrangement to an appropriately matched computer resource in the cloud. It is contemplated that the mapping engine creates as many permutations of maps as is reasonably possible or permitted by a set of rules. It is preferable that a match, and therefore potential assignment, of a workload to a computer resource be based on information provided by the partitioning engine regarding workload arrangements and by the scanning engine regarding the hardware, network, and software resources of the cloud environments and each cloud resource. 
         [0011]    It is contemplated that the rendering engine be configured to present a visual representation of at least the workload partitions generated by the partitioning engine and/or the maps generated by the mapping engine. In a preferred embodiment, the rendering engine presents a representation of the optimal workload partition and the optimum map based on a set of human or machine provided rules. 
         [0012]    Of particular interest are systems and methods that create a series of potential workload deployment options for dividing and assigning application workloads to all available cloud environments. Such a series of options permits users and/or cloud operators to evaluate and select optimal workload assignments as well as contingency plans in the event of maintenance, under performance, or outright failure of a deployed option. 
         [0013]    Also contemplated are systems and methods that store the permutations of maps in a database for future reference or deployment of an alternative workload assignment map. 
         [0014]    Also contemplated are systems and methods that rank desirability of the permutations of workload assignment maps by some user or administrator provided rules, such as cost, efficiency, and/or scalability. 
         [0015]    Also contemplated are systems and methods wherein the surveyed application characteristics include software components, software dependencies, hardware dependencies, hardware characteristics, software characteristics, and network characteristics. 
         [0016]    Also contemplated are systems and methods wherein the surveyed cloud environment characteristics include software components, software dependencies, hardware dependencies, hardware characteristics, software characteristics, and network characteristics. 
         [0017]    Viewed from another perspective, the inventive subject matter provides apparatus, systems and methods that matches local application requirements with cloud resources, transforms any SaaS service deficient application into SaaS capable applications, and non-tenant aware applications into at least appearance of tenant-aware applications, maps the applications efficiently to the cloud resources, and monitors and meters users consumption of cloud resources and SaaS services. 
         [0018]    In order to assess the compatibility, benefits, and other software migration factors for migrating one or more locally operated software applications to one or more cloud environments, it is helpful if the modules of each application are mapped onto appropriate cloud environment resources. In order to provide a comprehensive analysis, it can be advantageous to generate as many maps of the application modules as possible, and then apply each module map to the cloud environment resources in as many variations as possible. Once a full list of possible configurations to map the application modules to the cloud environment has been generated, the user can select the most desirable configuration based time, speed, power, cost, or other performance factors. 
         [0019]    Once a cloud environment or multiple environments have been selected for a single or multiple local software applications, each software application is preferably transformed to operate in each home cloud environment to facilitate the application (a) running efficiently in the cloud environment, and/or (b) taking advantage of additional resources offered by a cloud environment. Software applications can be individually re-written to resolve those issues, but it is often desirable to provide an automated process for transforming existing software applications (which might be locally based) to operate efficiently in a cloud environment. An automated process for transforming a locally operated software application into a cloud operated software application reduces the delay and cost required to migrate a local application into the cloud. 
         [0020]    Once one or more locally operated applications have been migrated into the cloud and configured to operate in the cloud environment, most or even all operations or workloads engaged by the application will likely be performed by the cloud environment resources. In order to efficiently utilize cloud resources, it is helpful to first divide the application&#39;s workloads into related groups or partitions, and then assign each partition to a cloud resource. The assignment of partitions to cloud resources can be based on time, speed, power, cost, or other performance factors, that are most desirable for the user. 
         [0021]    The inventive subject matter further provides apparatus, systems, and methods in which an interface module scans the SaaS application to identify the different components and workloads of the software and analyzes its dependencies within the software and also on the environment in which the application is expected to run. Such an analysis may find information regarding application servers, databases, operating systems, hardware configuration, external software, and hardware interfaces. 
         [0022]    In one embodiment, an interface module analyzes the SaaS application, identifies the workloads that constitute the software, separates them into partitions and maps them onto appropriate cloud resources. 
         [0023]    Once one or more software applications are available for operation in one or more cloud environments, it is desirable to measure and/or meter each user&#39;s use of any applications, and each application&#39;s use of cloud resources. This metering can be used to charge individual users and/or groups of users for the cost of cloud resources actually consumed by the users rather than based on storage limits, time limits, processor limits, or other forms of block billing. This metering can also be used to charge individual users of the same application separately, based on the user&#39;s actual use rather than block billing. This is beneficial because it allows cost sensitive users greater control over the cost of cloud based applications, and allows cloud operators to more efficiently assign and bill for available resources. 
         [0024]    In interpreting descriptions in this Specification, groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the inventive subject matter are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all Markush groups used in the appended claims. 
         [0025]    Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0026]      FIG. 1  is a schematic illustrating how an application is analyzed, partitioned in to manageable segments and packed on to cloud resources such as virtual machines or virtual instances. 
           [0027]      FIG. 2  is a schematic depicting a workload planner, which comprises a partitioner and a packer along with the different interface modules and storage units participating in the process of planning workloads for effective deployment on cloud resources. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0028]    The following description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art. 
         [0029]    As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. 
         [0030]    As used herein, and unless the context dictates otherwise, the term “coupled to” is intended to include both direct coupling (in which two elements that are coupled to each other contact each other) and indirect coupling (in which at least one additional element is located between the two elements). Therefore, the terms “coupled to” and “coupled with” are used synonymously. Computer devices that are            
         [0031]    Unless the context dictates the contrary, all ranges set forth herein should be interpreted as being inclusive of their endpoints, and open-ended ranges should be interpreted to include commercially practical values. Similarly, all lists of values should be considered as inclusive of intermediate values unless the context indicates the contrary. 
         [0032]    The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g. “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention. 
         [0033]    Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all Markush groups used in the appended claims. 
         [0034]    Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components. 
         [0035]    It should be noted that any language directed to a computer or a computer system should be read to include any suitable combination of computing devices, including servers, interfaces, systems, databases, agents, peers, engines, controllers, or other types of computing devices operating individually or collectively. One should appreciate the computing devices comprise a processor configured to execute software instructions stored on a tangible, non-transitory computer readable storage medium (e.g., hard drive, solid state drive, RAM, flash, ROM, etc.). The software instructions preferably configure the computing device to provide the roles, responsibilities, or other functionality as discussed below with respect to the disclosed apparatus. In especially preferred embodiments, the various servers, systems, databases, or interfaces exchange data using standardized protocols or algorithms, possibly based on HTTP, HTTPS, AES, public-private key exchanges, web service APIs, known financial transaction protocols, or other electronic information exchanging methods. Data exchanges preferably are conducted over a packet-switched network, the Internet, LAN, WAN, VPN, or other type of packet switched network. 
         [0036]    Regarding transformation of a non-tenant aware application to an application that operates with multiple tenants, one could modify the application according to teachings of WO2008042984 (Hofhansl) and US20100005055 (An), or modify the application environment context according to teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 8,326,876 (Venkatraman) or US2010/0005443 (Kwok). Co-owned U.S. Pat. No. 8,326,876 (Venkataraman) also discloses multi-tenant agile database connectors that could be used to transform a locally-based application into a multi-tenant application system. 
         [0037]    These and all other publications identified herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Where a definition or use of a term in an incorporated reference is inconsistent or contrary to the definition of that term provided herein, the definition of that term provided herein applies and the definition of that term in the reference does not apply. 
         [0038]      FIG. 1  is a schematic illustrating how an application  10  could be analyzed, partitioned in to manageable segments and packed on to cloud resources such as virtual machines or virtual instances by a system of the current invention. 
         [0039]    Reference  10  represents a typical non-tenant aware application or a tenant-aware SaaS application that comprises individual computer units constituting one or more workloads. As used herein, a “workload” can be one or more modules of a software application or a SaaS application that can be independently executed separately from other modules of the software application on any computer unit of a cloud. The application represented by  10  has workloads  11 ,  12 ,  13 ,  14 ,  15  and  16 ; all of which belong to the same application, although an application having any number of workloads could be migrated by the system without departing from the current invention. 
         [0040]    The system generally establishes one or more partition groups, as shown as partition group  40 , to group one or more workloads together into one or more partitions based on one or more module characteristics and/or dependencies with other modules. Such partition groups could be automatically selected by the system based upon any suitable heuristic, for example all modules saved on the same computer system could be grouped together, or all modules that share a particular dynamic linked library could be grouped together. In some embodiments, an administrator user could group the modules together manually via a user interface, but preferably the system automatically groups modules together in accordance with one or more rules. In the present example, workload  11  is mapped to partition  21 ; workload  14  is mapped to partition  22 ; two workloads  12  and  13  are mapped to partition  24 ; and workloads  15  and  16  are mapped to partition  23 . 
         [0041]    As shown here, all modules of application  10  could be mapped into a partition group  40  which, consists of one or more partitions  21 ,  22 ,  23  and  24 . An application can be represented by multiple partition groups such as  40 ,  41 ,  42 , which defines multiple methods of partitioning the same application. Partitions belonging to a single partition group can be mapped to a single cloud Instances or to multiple cloud instances. 
         [0042]    A group of cloud resources called cloud resource group  30 , allocated for the application, contains multiple cloud instances  31 ,  32 ,  33 ,  34  and  35 . Partition  24  could be mapped to cloud instances  34 ,  23  to  33 ,  22  to  32  and  21  to  31 . It&#39;s possible to map more than one partition to a single cloud instance. It is possible to establish multiple cloud resource groups so that these different cloud resource groups can be mapped to the same cloud or to different clouds for application deployment. As used herein, a “cloud instance” is a logical instantiation in a cloud environment of a plurality of cloud resources logically grouped together by the system to ensure that all workloads in the selected partition share the same cloud resources, such as hardware, software, and/or network resources. 
         [0043]      FIG. 2  is a schematic depicting a workload planner computer system architecture. 
         [0044]    The workload planner comprises of  2  interface modules workload partitioner  101  and partition mapper  103 . Workload partitioner analyzes application  10  to determine which modules/workloads are in application  10 . Here, Workload partitioner has discovered that application  10  has one or more workloads, or modules, shown as modules  11 ,  12  and  13 . 
         [0045]    The workload partitioner  101  analyzes the application workloads and based on the rules specified in workload partitioner rules database  201  (typically defined by an administrator user via an administrator user interface), and partitions these workloads into multiple partitions. The partitions representing a single application  10 , which is aggregated into a single partition group and stored in partition list database  102 . The workload partitioner  101  can be invoked multiple times to create more than one partition group to represent a single application. Each partition group represents a different logical grouping that could be used to group workloads together in accordance with one or more common characteristics between the workloads. These multiple partitions of the application are stored as a list of partitions in the database  102 . 
         [0046]    Partition mapper  103  reads the partition list(s) created by workload practitioner  101 , references the available resources saved on cloud resource database  204  (typically created by a cloud analyzer module, not shown, that analyzes a cloud and determines what resources are available on the cloud), and creates cloud mapping patterns based on partition mapper rules  203  and the various created partitions in partition list database  102 . The mapped partitions of the application  10  are then stored in the partition map database  205 . Multiple partition maps can be created for the same application and stored in the partition map database  205 . As used herein, a “partition map” is a migration plan that could be used to migrate each of the workloads to the mapped set of cloud resources in accordance with the created partition group(s). Such a migration plan could be transmitted to a system that migrates applications to various cloud-based systems, such as the tenant-aware cloud-based systems disclosed in co-pending U.S. 8,326,876 (Venkataraman), to assist in properly deploying an application to keep workloads having common characteristics in logical groupings in the cloud. By keeping such workloads together, the functionality of the application within the cloud infrastructure could be increased, while still taking advantage of the distributed nature of cloud-based infrastructures. 
         [0047]    A reporting engine  104  could be used to create reports  301  on workloads mapped to partition maps of cloud resources. The partition list can be read by other utilities and tools to provision, deploy and manage cloud resources. Reporting engine  104  typically renders the migration plan into a manner that could be presented by a user interface, such as a visual map on a display screen or a printer. 
         [0048]    It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications besides those already described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims. Moreover, in interpreting both the specification and the claims, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps maybe present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced. Where the specification claims refers to at least one of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C . . . and N, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from the group, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc.