Abstract:
The present invention is a system and method for generating quotations from a reference document on a touch sensitive display device or other handheld device, including the following steps: (a) receiving a first input from a user designating a first point in a captured image of the reference document to define a first corner of a crop rectangle; (b) receiving a second input from the user designating a second point in the captured image to define a second corner of the crop rectangle, wherein the first input is released before the second input is initiated; (c) cropping the captured image from the first point to the second point of the crop rectangle when the second input is released to generate an image quotation; and (f) generating a quotation data object comprising the image quotation and a bibliographical reference to a referenced section of the reference document which contains the image quotation. After the image quotation has been cropped, it may be annotated using a similar two-touch method. The present invention may be used in smart phones such as Apple iPhones®, or industrial hand-held devices that inspectors may use to quote reference documents, and in other purposes.

Description:
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of and claims priority from co-pending application Ser. No. 12/507,071, filed on Jul. 22, 2009, and entitled “A system and method for generating quotations from a reference document on a touch sensitive display device,” which claims priority from provisional application Ser. No. 61/122,632, filed on Dec. 15, 2008, and entitled “A system, method and apparatus for inspections and compliance verification of industrial equipment using a handheld device,” the entirety of which are both hereby incorporated by reference herein. This application is related to co-pending application Ser. No. 12/758,134, filed on Apr. 12, 2010, and entitled “A system and method for carrying out an inspection or maintenance operation with compliance tracking using a handheld device,” the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention is generally related to user-interfaces for touch-sensitive displays. More specifically, the instant invention relates to a system and method for generating quotations from a reference document on a touch sensitive display device. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Generating quotations from reference documents is important in graphic user interfaces (GUIs), both when writing reports, documents, encyclopedia articles, and the like using WordPerfect®, Microsoft Word®, and the like, and also for cropping and annotating references from textual reference documents such as Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF)®, Microsoft Word®, and the like. 
         [0004]    Multiple end-use applications require generating quotations from reference documents, including reference manuals, encyclopedias, educational texts, inspection reports, and the like. For example, U.S. Ser. No. 12/489,313, filed on Jun. 22, 2009, entitled “A system and method for carrying out an inspection or maintenance operation with compliance tracking using a handheld device,” describes a method for carrying out an inspection on a crane-like device and generating inspection reports in the field. An inspector out in the field carrying out an inspection operation needs a convenient, quick, and accurate method to crop and annotate quotations from a reference document, such as a crane manual, during an inspection in the field to substantiate problems found during the course of an inspection. One of ordinary skill in the art will find many useful applications of the present invention in which a convenient and easy way is needed to generate quotations from a reference document on a touch-sensitive display or other hand-held device. 
         [0005]    One prior method  100  of generating quotations from a reference document is shown in  FIG. 1 . Window  1  ( 102 ) shows a reference document, which could be, for example, an Adobe PDF® file, stored in memory. A mouse  106  is used to select a portion of the reference document (shown as dashed rectangle), then performing a drag operation (shown as dashed line  108 ) while holding down the mouse button to another Window  2  ( 104 ), which could be, for example, a Microsoft Word® document that the user is editing, and then releasing the mouse button to insert the quotation from the reference document. In the prior art method, after the quotation area has been selected, the user drags the selected quotation into another document, and then must manually add a reference to the reference document, as well as the section of the reference document from which the quotation was selected. This operation is cumbersome and requires multiple mouse operations, and furthermore is generally only useable in the desktop environment with the availability of a peripheral device such as a mouse. It is generally not suitable for use in a handheld or other field device, or locations or situations where greater flexibility and fewer interactions with the GUI are highly desirable. 
         [0006]    It is against this background that various embodiments of the present invention were developed. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    The present invention is a system and method for cropping and annotating images taken from reference documents on a touch sensitive display device or other handheld device. 
         [0008]    Accordingly, and according to one embodiment of the present invention, disclosed herein is a method for generating quotations from a reference document, including the steps of (a) capturing an image of a portion of the reference document; (b) displaying the captured image of the reference document to be cropped by a user; (c) receiving a first input from the user designating a first point in the captured image to define a first corner of a crop rectangle; (d) receiving a second input from the user designating a second point in the captured image to define a second corner of the crop rectangle, wherein the first input is released before the second input is initiated; (e) cropping the captured image from the first point to the second point of the crop rectangle when the second input is released to generate an image quotation; and (f) generating a quotation data object comprising the image quotation and a bibliographical reference or citation back to a referenced section of the reference document which contains the image quotation. The terms bibliographic references, bibliographic citation, reference, citation, and attribution are considered equivalent in meaning. 
         [0009]    According to another embodiment of the present invention, disclosed herein is the method as described above where if a user does not immediately release the second input, allowing the user to drag the second point to visually edit a shape and a size of the crop rectangle. 
         [0010]    According to another embodiment of the present invention, disclosed herein is the method as described above where if a user drags the second point near an edge of the displayed image and the image is larger than the displayed portion, then scrolling the displayed portion to show area of the image in a direction of the dragged point. 
         [0011]    According to another embodiment of the present invention, disclosed herein is the method as described above also including (a) capturing an image of a portion of the reference document; (b) displaying the captured image to be annotated; (c) receiving a first input from a user designating a first point in the image to define a first corner of an annotation rectangle; (d) receiving a second input from the user designating a second point in the image to define a second corner of the annotation rectangle; (e) annotating the captured image from the first point to the second point of the annotation rectangle when the second input is released; and (f) generating a quotation data object comprising the annotated image quotation and a bibliographical reference back to a referenced section of the reference document which contains the annotated image quotation. 
         [0012]    According to another embodiment of the present invention, disclosed herein is the method as described above also including the step of displaying a shape corresponding to the annotation of the captured image before annotating the captured image. 
         [0013]    According to another embodiment of the present invention, disclosed herein is the method as described above where if a user does not immediately release the second input, allowing the user to drag the second point to visually show a shape and a size of the annotation rectangle. 
         [0014]    According to another embodiment of the present invention, disclosed herein is the method as described above where if a user drags the second point near an edge of the displayed image, and the image is larger than the displayed portion, then scrolling the displayed portion to show area of the image in a direction of the dragged point. 
         [0015]    According to another embodiment of the present invention, disclosed herein is the method as described above where when a user selects an undo action after a crop operation has been completed, the original captured image is displayed. 
         [0016]    According to another embodiment of the present invention, disclosed herein is the method as described above where when a user selected an undo action a second time after a crop operation has been completed, the entire original reference document is displayed again. 
         [0017]    According to another embodiment of the present invention, disclosed herein is the method as described above also including the step of generating a computer-readable link that refers back to the referenced portion of the reference document. 
         [0018]    According to another embodiment of the present invention, disclosed herein is the method as described above where if text selection is meaningful for the reference document, a user can perform a text quotation. 
         [0019]    According to another embodiment of the present invention, disclosed herein is the method as described above where the text quotation is obtained by selecting a region of text. 
         [0020]    According to another embodiment of the present invention, disclosed herein is the method as described above where the selected text may be edited by the user. 
         [0021]    According to another embodiment of the present invention, disclosed herein is the method as described above where after the user finalizes the quotation, the edited text is saved along with a bibliographic reference to a referenced portion of the reference document. 
         [0022]    The present invention also includes a related system by which the method of generating quotations from reference documents could be carried out. Such a system could be implemented as a computer system, embodied in a handheld device. The system may include integrated or separate hardware components for receiving reference documents and means for receiving touch input, as well as one or more processors coupled to the to one or more memories for storing program code. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0023]    The invention will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: 
           [0024]      FIG. 1  shows a prior art method of generating quotations from a reference document in a desktop or other like environment using a mouse or other like peripheral device; 
           [0025]      FIG. 2  shows a flowchart for generating quotations from a reference document using a simplified process on a handheld device, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0026]      FIG. 3  shows a flowchart for cropping the quotation taken from the reference document using a simplified process on the handheld device, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0027]      FIG. 4  shows a flowchart for annotating the quotation taken from the reference document using a simplified process on the handheld device, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0028]      FIG. 5A  shows a first step in the process for generating quotations from the reference document on the handheld device, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0029]      FIG. 5B  shows a second step in the process for generating quotations from the reference document on the handheld device, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0030]      FIG. 5C  shows a third step in the process for generating quotations from the reference document on the handheld device, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0031]      FIG. 6  is an illustration of a multi-functional handheld device, in which some of the software and hardware components of the present invention could reside, in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0032]      FIG. 7  is an illustration of one of many possible use cases of the present invention in relation to carrying out an industrial inspection operation on a wind-farm or other energy project or other like site; and 
           [0033]      FIG. 8  is an illustration of yet another possible use case of the present invention in relation to a hand-held device with a camera and a touch-sensitive display, such as an Apple iPhone® or other like device. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0034]    The present invention generally pertains to a system and method for generating quotations from a reference document on a touch sensitive display or other handheld device. 
         [0035]    The interface according to the principles of the present invention could have, but is not limited to, the following components. Any subsets of the following components are also within the scope of this invention. After a user navigates to a desired section of a reference document, the user can choose to make a graphical quotation by the following steps:
       1. An image is captured of the displayed output of the viewed reference document, comprising some or all of the portion on-screen, and some or all of the portion off-screen;   2. The image is then edited using the IMAGE INTERFACE (see  FIG. 3 ), initially set with the crop such that the displayed image area is identical to the portion that was on-screen at the point of capture;   3. If the user clicks once on UNDO, it will show the entire captured image within the IMAGE INTERFACE (see  FIG. 3 ), and if the user clicks a second time on UNDO, it will return to navigation within the original reference document;   4. When the user has finalized the quotation, the final edited image is saved along with a bibliographical reference to the a referenced section within the reference document;   5. Additionally, a computer-readable link, such as a hyperlink, may be included linking back to the referenced position in the reference document.   6. After the image is cropped using the Image Interface, it may also be annotated using the Annotation Interface ( FIG. 4 ).       
 
         [0042]    If text selection is meaningful for this document type, the user can choose to make a text quotation by the following steps:
       1. The user can select a region of text, such as by drawing a rectangle using the method from IMAGE INTERFACE (see  FIG. 3 );   2. The selected text can be edited by the user;   3. When the user finalizes the quotation, the edited text is saved along with a bibliographical reference to a referenced section within the reference document;   4. Additionally, a computer-readable link, such as a hyperlink, can be included linking back to the referenced position in the reference document.       
 
         [0047]    The invention may be used in an industrial inspection compliance system with which various methods can be carried out to the effect of assisting in an inspection and providing the means for compliance verification of a proper inspection. For the purposes of the text describing this invention, an inspection may represent the process of checking a physical component for safety, security or business reasons, doing the same for compliance with industrial standards and guidelines, or a maintenance operation on a physical component for those same reasons. These methods can generally be best executed by a multi-function handheld device, carried to and used in the physical proximity of an inspected component by the inspector. Examples of multi-function handheld devices include the Apple iPhone®, the Psion Teklogix Workabout Pro®, the Motorola MC-75®, and the like, but the present invention is not limited to such devices as shown or described here. One embodiment of the inspection compliance method includes the steps of scanning unique machine-readable tags deployed at logical inspection points defined by the inspector, and assigning a timestamp to the scanning operation; taking media samples of logical inspection points defined by the inspector, and assigning a timestamp to the media sample capturing operation; reporting of sub-optimal conditions of the unique machine-readable tags deployed at logical inspection points if its condition warrants such a declaration; associating a media sample with a corresponding scan of a unique machine-readable tag; annotating a media sample in such ways that substantiate statements of an industrial component passing inspection, or in such ways that substantiate statements of problems found with the industrial component; and providing one or more quotations from one or more safety or operational reference manuals to substantiate statements of problems found during the inspection. See U.S. Ser. No. 12/489,313 for more details of an example of an industrial inspection compliance system to which the present invention may be applied. 
         [0048]    The invention is discussed below with reference to  FIGS. 1-8 . However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed description given herein with respect to these figures is for explanatory purposes as the invention extends beyond these limited embodiments. 
         [0049]      FIG. 1  shows a prior art method of generating quotations from a reference document in a desktop or other like environment using a mouse or other like peripheral device. Window  1  ( 102 ) shows a reference document, which could be, for example, an Adobe PDF® file, stored in memory. A mouse  106  is used to select a portion of the reference document (shown as dashed rectangle), then performing a drag operation (shown as dashed line  108 ) while holding down the mouse button to another Window  2  ( 104 ), which could be, for example, a Microsoft Word® document that the user is editing, and then releasing the mouse button to insert the quotation from the reference document. In the prior art method, after the quotation area has been selected, the user drags the selected quotation into another document, and then must manually add a reference to the reference document, as well as the section of the reference document from which the quotation was selected. This operation is cumbersome and requires multiple mouse operations, and furthermore is generally only useable in the desktop environment with the availability of a peripheral device such as a mouse. It is generally not suitable for use in a handheld or other field device, or locations or situations where greater flexibility and fewer interactions with the GUI are highly desirable. 
         [0050]    In order to solve the inherent limitations in the prior art method described in  FIG. 1 , the inventors have invented a novel method, system, and apparatus to facilitate on-site quotations from reference documents. 
         [0051]      FIG. 2  shows a flowchart for generating quotations from a reference document using a simplified process on a handheld device, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The process  200  begins at step  202 , where a reference document is provided to the process  200 , either retrieved from memory or otherwise provided to process  200 . The user is allowed to navigate to a portion in the reference document that contains either the graphical or textual quotation the user would like to reference. Navigation may be performed by any method, including browsing as well as text search within the reference document. At step  204 , an image is captured of the displayed portion of the reference document. The captured image is then presented (displayed) to the user, who may then proceed to edit/crop the image using the IMAGE INTERFACE described in greater detail in relation to  FIG. 3  as shown in step  206 . If the user has cropped the image, a single UNDO operation will return the user to the IMAGE INTERFACE where the user can redo the crop operation, as shown in step  208 . If the user has cropped the image, two successive UNDO operations will return the user to the reference document, where the user can scan to a different portion of the reference document and select a different portion of the reference document for quotation as shown in step  210 . It is understood that if no editing has been performed by the user, a single UNDO operation will return the user to the reference document (not shown in  FIG. 2 ). 
         [0052]    In step  212 , the user can annotate the image using the ANNOTATION INTERFACE described in greater detail in relation to  FIG. 4 . The user can undo and redo the annotation of the quotation, or skip the annotation operation entirely (not shown in  FIG. 2 ). In addition, the user can return to the edit/crop operation, as well as to the original reference document by successfully performing the UNDO operation (now shown in  FIG. 2 ). 
         [0053]    In step  214 , the final edited quotation image is saved into a document the user was editing, for example, the inspection report, as shown in step  214 . In step  216 , an attribution (reference) is added which refers back to a referenced portion of the reference document. For example, a reference is added stating the name, title, and author of the reference document, as well as the section and page number where the quotation was taken from the reference document. The format of the attribution may be changed by the user in a setting, and is not a limiting aspect of the present invention. Finally, optionally in step  218 , a computer-readable hyperlink may be inserted into the document the user is editing that refers back to the reference document. This provides a convenient manner in which the reference document may be brought up when the document the user is editing is subsequently opened on a computer. 
         [0054]      FIG. 3  shows a flowchart for cropping the quotation taken from the reference document using a simplified process on the handheld device (“IMAGE INTERFACE”), in accordance with the embodiment referenced in  FIG. 2 . Process  300  begins at step  302 , where an image is captured of the reference document, or in some other way provided to the process  300 . In step  304 , the image of the reference document is displayed on the touch sensitive display or other display of the handheld device. In step  306 , the user may click or tap (using a finger, a stylus, a mouse, or other device) at a lower-left hand (LLH) location where the crop is to begin. In step  308 , the user may click or tap (using the finger, the stylus, the mouse, or other device) at an upper-right hand (URH) location where the crop is to end. In step  310 , the image of the reference document is cropped between the LLH location and the URH location. Finally, in step  312 , the cropped quotation of the reference document is displayed for the user&#39;s confirmation. At this point (not shown), the user may cancel, undo, or accept the quotation from the reference document. The process ends in step  314 . 
         [0055]      FIG. 4  shows a flowchart for annotating the quotation taken from the reference document using a simplified process on the handheld device (“ANNOTATION INTERFACE”), in accordance with the embodiment referenced in  FIG. 2 . Process  400  begins at step  402 , where the cropped quotation from the reference document is retrieved from memory, retrieved directly from the IMAGE INTERFACE of  FIG. 3 , or in some other way provided to the process  400 . In step  404 , the quotation is displayed on the touch sensitive display or other display of the handheld device. In step  406 , the user may click or tap (using a finger, a stylus, a mouse, or other device) at a LLH location where the annotation is to begin. In step  408 , the user may click or tap (using the finger, the stylus, the mouse, or other device) at an URH location where the annotation is to end. In step  410 , the quotation is annotated between the LLH location and the URH location. Finally, in step  412 , the annotated quotation is displayed for the user&#39;s confirmation. At this point (not shown), the user may cancel, undo, or accept the annotated quotation. The process ends in step  414 . 
         [0056]    Therefore, as shown in  FIGS. 2-4 , a user of the present invention may implement a quotation selection, quotation cropping, and quotation annotation operation with very little hand motion and very little input into the device, which is highly desirable, or even mandatory, when operating in the field, for example, during an inspection operation. 
         [0057]      FIGS. 5A-5C  illustrate a sample workflow of inserting a quotation from a reference document in accordance with the embodiment referenced in  FIG. 2 .  FIG. 5A  shows a first step in the process for generating quotations from the reference document on the handheld device. Window  502  shows an open Adobe PDF® document, which could be a reference standard, a safety standard, an encyclopedia article, an information article, an ASME standards document, or other like reference document. Scroll bar  504  and slider  506  are used to scroll within the reference document. In addition, zoom-in, zoom-out, and search operations and other standard operations may be provided for viewing and navigating through the reference document (not shown). Element  508  shows an illustrative image located inside the reference document. Element  510  shows an illustrative iconographic button which may be activated to initiate the process of extracting a quotation from the reference document with attribution back to the reference document, as described in this application. Therefore, in the first step, a user navigates to a portion of the reference document that he or she wants to quote by using the standard navigation available in the reference document, and then clicks on element  510 , which captures an image of the current view of the reference document. 
         [0058]      FIG. 5B  shows a second step in the process for generating quotations from the reference document on the handheld device.  FIG. 5B  shows the quotation selection step used to crop a quotation from the captured image of the reference document  508  in window  502 . As explained in reference to  FIG. 3 , which is herein incorporated by reference, a user may use a hand  512  (or a stylus, mouse, or other like device) to select a first point  506  corresponding to a lower left hand (LLH) corner of the quotation and via a simple hand movement, select a second point  518  corresponding to an upper right hand (URH) corner of the quotation to be cropped. An iconographic button  514  may be depressed to UNDO the crop operation and return to the captured image of the reference document. As described in relation to  FIG. 2 , a second UNDO operation may return the user to the entire reference document which may be browsed for another quotation location. 
         [0059]      FIG. 5C  shows a third step in the process for generating quotations from the reference document on the handheld device. After the user has accepted the quotation for insertion on the document being edited by the user,  FIG. 5C  shows the third and final step of automatically integrating the quotation from the reference document into the edited document, including an automatically generated attribution (reference) back to the reference document and appropriate section within the reference document, as well as an optional computer-readable hyperlink back to the reference document and section within the reference document. More specifically,  FIG. 5C  shows Window  2  ( 502 ) showing a work-in-progress Microsoft Word® document, such as an inspection report  503 , where the reference quotation  518  has been automatically inserted from the original reference PDF® document, as well as the automatically generated reference  520  back to the original reference document (including section and page number), and an automatically generated computer-readable hyperlink  522  back the original reference document (optionally pointing directly to the section within the reference document that the quotation was selected from). 
         [0060]    Therefore, according to the inventive process described and illustrated with respect to  FIGS. 5A-5C , a simple process is provided for inserting quotations with attribution back to the reference document, which simple process may be used on touch sensitive handheld devices or other handheld devices in the field for quick, accurate, and accountable generation of reports, inspections, and the like. 
         [0061]      FIG. 6  is an illustration of a multi-functional handheld device  600 , in which some of the software and hardware components of the present invention could reside, in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention. The handheld device  600  contains a screen or display  602 , which may be a touch-sensitive display, for displaying an image to be cropped and/or annotated with overlaid objects. The handheld  600  also contains a toolbar  606  that contains iconographic buttons for each function that a user may execute during a process of taking and editing an image. Some possible selectable actions include, but are not limited to, from top to bottom and left to right, “take a picture”  604  (first row, far left), undo, redo, zoom-in, zoom-out (first row, far right), delete/cancel (second row, far left), annotate with an arrow, annotate with a circle, annotate with a rectangle, annotate with a line, and crop (second row, far right). For example, if button  604  is pressed, the software activates the handheld device&#39;s digital camera and places the captured image in display screen  602 . 
         [0062]    The illustrative user interface  600  is but one of many possible illustrative embodiments of the present invention. One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that any other configuration of objects in a user interface, as well as any possible extensions to the set of functions presented in the user interface  600 , are all within the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
         [0063]      FIG. 7  is an illustration of one of many possible use cases of the present invention in relation to carrying out an industrial inspection operation on a wind-farm or other energy project or other like site.  FIG. 7  shows an inspector carrying out an inspection of wind turbine  702  and wind turbine  704 . The inspector  706  is standing next to the tower and foundation sections of wind turbine  704 . The inspector  706  is using an industrial inspection handheld device  708 . Inspector  706  is more specifically in the process of using the industrial inspection handheld device  708 , even more specifically having an embedded RFID reader, to scan RFID tag  712  on tower section of wind turbine  704 , via radio frequency communication channel  710 . Since inspector  706  is within proximity of the inspected component, he is able to successfully scan the RFID tag  712  because it is within the range of radio frequency communication channel  710 . If the inspector recognizes a potential problem with the foundation section of the wind turbine  704 , the inspection may take a picture of the potential problem area, and then proceed to crop and annotate the problem area using the methods described in relation to  FIGS. 3 and 4 . Then, the inspector may generate one or more quotations from one or more reference documents, such as a crane safety manual, a crane load chart, an ASME safety standard, etc., in order to substantiate any problems found during the inspection, as described in the present application. Since the inspector is in the field, the present invention is particularly suitable to helping the inspector complete the inspection in a timely, accurate, and cost effective manner. 
         [0064]    The illustration shown in  FIG. 7  is but one of many possible illustrative embodiments of the usage of the present invention. One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that many possible uses of the present invention are all within the spirit and scope of the present invention, including, but not limited to, renewable energy systems and distributed energy systems, including wind turbines, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal plants, co-generation plants, biomass-fueled power plants, carbon sequestration projects, enhanced oil recovery systems, and the like. 
         [0065]      FIG. 8  is an illustration of yet another possible use case of the present invention in relation to a hand-held device with a camera and a touch-sensitive display, such as an Apple iPhone® 800 or other like device. Users of an Apple iPhone® 800 may wish to generate quotations from a reference document directly on the iPhone® 800 from a document either stored on the iPhone® 800 itself or received from another user. The present invention is particularly suitable for use with an iPhone®, since an iPhone® as currently practiced does not contain a useful or easy mechanism for generating quotations from a reference document. As currently practiced, a user would need to upload the reference document from the iPhone® 800 to a computer for further desktop processing to extract and insert the quotation from the reference document. 
         [0066]    While the methods disclosed herein have been described and shown with reference to particular operations performed in a particular order, it will be understood that these operations may be combined, sub-divided, or re-ordered to form equivalent methods without departing from the teachings of the present invention. Accordingly, unless specifically indicated herein, the order and grouping of the operations is not a limitation of the present invention. 
         [0067]    While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes in the form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.