Abstract:
The compound represented by the formula; ##STR1## [wherein R 1  stands for hydrogen, methoxy or trifluoromethyl; R 2  and R 3 , being the same or different from each other, stand for hydrogen or methyl; R 4  stands for optionally substituted hydrocarbon residue; and n denotes 0 or 1] or a salt thereof show excellent antibacterial activities, against the genus Campylobacter, especially against Campylobacter pylori, and they are used for preventing or treating infectious diseases caused by the said bacteria.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing pyridine derivatives, known as a compound having anti-ulcer activity, useful as antibacterial agent and a method for preventing or treating infectious diseases caused by the genus Campylobacter by administering the pyridine derivatives. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Bacteria belonging to the genus Campylobacter have been known as possible causes of gastro-intestinal disorders of animals For example, Campylobacter pylori is isolated with high frequency from the gastic mucosa of patients suffering from gastritis and peptic ulcer, and, several investigators have suggested that this organism might participate in the pathogenesis of these diseases. (cf: The Journal of Infectious Desease, Vol. 153, pp. 664-669, 1986 and The Lancet, May 27, pp. 1167-1168, 1989). Furthermore, the close association between the presence of Campylobacter pylori and duodenal ulcers has been also suggested (cf: Digestion, Vol. 37, pp. 16-30, 1987). 
     Until now some studies dealing with the effectiveness of antibiotics, bismuth citrate, anti-ulcer agent (cimetidine, ranitidine, etc.) or related compounds in the treatment of the infectious diseases associated with the genus Campylobacter have been reported. (cf: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Vol. 17, pp. 309-314, 1986), but no practical use for them has been realized yet. 
     As mentioned above, no clinically effective pharmaceutical agents against bacterial infections due to the genus Campylobacter have been brought into existence. The present invention provides an antibacterial agent effective to the genus Campylobacter. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to: 
     1. An antibacterial composition which contains an effective amount of a compound of the formula (I); ##STR2## wherein R 1  stands for hydrogen, methoxy or triflouromethyl; R 2  and R 3 , being the same or different from each other, stand for hydrogen or methyl; and R 4  stands for an optionally substituted hydrocarbon residue and n denotes 0 or 1, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable carriers. 
     2. A method for preventing or treating infectious diseases caused by the genus Campylobacter, which comprises administering a compound of the formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The composition according to the present invention shows excellent antibacterial activities, against the genus campylobacter, especially against Campylobacter pylori, and they are used for preventing or treating infectious diseases caused by the said bacteria. 
     In the compound (I), preferable examples of the hydrocarbon residue in the optionally substituted hydrocarbon shown by R 4  include 1-6 C straight-chain or branched alkyl groups, 2-6 C alkenyl groups and alkynyl groups; the alkyl groups are exemplified by methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, t-butyl, pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, hexyl, 4-methylpentyl, etc.; the alkenyl groups are exemplified by vinyl, 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 3-methyl-2-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, etc.; the alkynyl groups are exemplified by ethinyl, 2-propinyl, 1-methyl-2-propinyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-methyl-2-butynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 2-methyl-3-pentynyl, 2-hexynyl, etc. As the substituents, mention is made of fluorine and 1-3 C alkoxy groups. The number of substituents ranges from 1 to 9, in the case of fluorine, and the number is 1 or 2, in the case of alkoxy groups. Examples of thus substituted compounds include 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl, 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyl, 2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluorobutyl, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octaflouropentyl, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropentyl, cis-2-fluoro-2-butenyl, 2,2,3,4,4-pentafluoro-3-butenyl, 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-pentyn-2-yl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxyethyl, 2-methoxypropyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 3-ethoxypropyl, 4-methoxybutyl, trans-3-methoxy-2-propenyl, trans-3-methoxy-2-butenyl, 4-methoxy-2-butynyl, 4methoxy-2-butynyl, etc. Among these, fluorinated 2-6 C straight-chain or branched alkyl groups are especially preferable. 
     The compound (I) can be produced by a known method, for example, the method disclosed in European Patent No. 174726, and methods disclosed in the laid-open official gazette of European Patent No. 268956 and in the laid-open official gazette of British patent No. 2134523, or methods analogous thereto. 
     Salts of the compound (I) are exemplified by pharmaceutically acceptable ones obtained by a known method (laid-open official gazette of European Patent No. 124495) or methods analogous thereto, such as salts of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, e.g. sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc. 
     The compound (I) shows antibacterial action against the genus Campylobacter, for example, Campylobacter pylori. 
    
    
     In the following, the antibacterial action of the compound (I) is described by way of Experimental Examples. 
     EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 1 
     The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each compound was determined by the agar-plate dilution method based on the standard method advocated by Japan Society of Chemotherapy [cf: Chemotherapy, Jan. &#39;81, p. 76]. The volume of agar medium per plate was 20 ml. The compounds tested are shown in Table 1. 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________Compound   (I)No.     R.sup.1   R.sup.2                    R.sup.3                          R.sup.4    n______________________________________1       H         CH.sub.3                    H     CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3                                     12       5-OCH.sub.3             CH.sub.3                    CH.sub.3                          CH.sub.3   13       H         CH.sub.3                    H     CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.3                                     14       H         CH.sub.3                    H     CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 H                                     15       H         CH.sub.3                    H     CH.sub.2 (CF.sub.2).sub.2 CF.sub.2                                     16       H         CH.sub.3                    H     CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3                                     07       H         H      H     iso-butyl  08       5-CF.sub.3             H      H     iso-butyl  09       5-CF.sub.3             H      H     iso-propyl 010      5-CF.sub.3             H      H     CH.sub.2 CH═CH.sub.2                                     011      5-CF.sub.3             H      H     CH.sub.2 C.tbd.CH                                     012      H         CH.sub.3                    H     CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 H                                     013      H         CH.sub.3                    H     CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.3                                     014      H         CH.sub.3                    H     CH.sub.2 (CF.sub.2).sub.2 CF.sub.2                                     0______________________________________ 
    
     Each of the test compounds was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide at a concentration of 80 mg/ml or 40 mg/ml, and diluted 10 times with sterile distilled water. Furthermore, the aqueous solution of 8 mg/ml or 4 mg/ml was diluted serially 2-fold with sterile distilled water. To 2 ml of the diluted solution was added 18 ml of Brucella agar (BBL Microbiology Systems, Becton Dickinson and Co., Cockeysville, Md. 21030) containing 7% defibrinated horse blood (manufactured by Nippon Bio-supp. Center) and mixed well. 
     Test strains frozen at -80° C. in Brucella broth (BBL) containing 10% horse serum were thawed and inoculated on a Brucella agar slant medium containing 7% defibrinated horse blood. The medium was incubated anaerobically at 37° C. for 3 days in a jar containing a piece of sponge sufficiently impregnated with water and Campy Pak™ (BBL). 
     The organisms grown on the slant medium were collected and suspended in a Brucella broth to correspond to the turbidity of about 10 8  CFU/ml of common bacteria. One platinum loop of inoculum was streaked on the medium plates for determination. The plates were incubated under the same conditions as described above. After three-day incubation, the growth of bacteria was observed with naked eyes, and MIC (unit:μg/ml) was determined. The results are shown in Table 2 and Table 3. 
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________Test strains *Compound   A       B      C     D    E     F    G______________________________________1       12.5    6.25   6.25  6.25 6.25  6.25 3.132       25      25     12.5  12.5 25    25   12.53       3.13    6.25   3.13  3.13 3.13  1.56 6.254       1.56    6.25   6.25  1.56 1.56  0.78 6.255       1.56    3.13   1.56  1.56 1.56  1.56 6.25______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE 3______________________________________Test strains *Compound   A       B      C     D    E     F    G______________________________________6       6.25    12.5   6.25  3.13 12.5  25   6.257       12.5    12.5   12.5  12.5 12.5  12.5 12.58       12.5    12.5   12.5  12.5 12.5  12.5 12.59       12.5    12.5   12.5  12.5 12.5  12.5 12.510      25      25     25    25   25    25   2511      12.5    12.5   12.5  12.5 12.5  12.5 12.512      1.56    0.78   1.56  1.56 1.56  1.56 0.7813      1.56    1.56   1.56  1.56 1.56  1.56 1.5614      3.13    3.13   3.13  1.56 1.56  3.13 1.56______________________________________ * Test strains A: C. pylori NCTC 11916 B: C. pylori NCTC 11637 C: C. pylori PCL 56 D: C. pylori CPY 00111 E: C. pylori KS 13 F: C. pylori CLO 1 G: C. pylori CLO 6 
    
     As is clear from Table 2 and Table 3, compounds 1 to 14 respectively showed antibacterial activities against the genus Campylobacter. And, the derivatives [R 4  of the Compound (I) is a fluorinated alkyl group] (compounds 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13 and 14) showed stronger antibacterial activity when compared with other derivatives. 
     EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 2 
     Antibacterial activities of some compounds of the present invention against aerobic common bacteria were examined. 
     MICs (unit: μg/ml) of the test compounds, i.e. compounds 1, 2 and 6 employed in Experimental Example 1, were determined by the standard agar-plate dilution method of Japan Society of Chemotherapy. The results are shown in Table 4. 
     
                       TABLE 4______________________________________           CompoundTest strains      1        2        6______________________________________S. aureus  FDA 209P   &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400S. aureus  308 A-1    &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400S. aureus  1840       &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400S. aureus  N-241      &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400S. aureus  J-108      &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400S. aureus  P 114      &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400S. aureus  C 260      &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400S. pyogenes      E-14       &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400S. pyogenes      S-8        &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400S. mitis   America    &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400S. faecium IFO 3128   &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400S. pneumoniae      Type 1     &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400C. diphtheriae      Tront      &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400E. coli    NIHJ JC-2  &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400E. coli    0-111      &gt;400     &gt;400   40oE. coli    T 7        &gt;400     40D    &gt;400C. freundii      IFO 12681  &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400 C. freundii      TN 474     &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400K. pneumoniae      DT         &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400K. oxytoca TN 1711    &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400E. cloacae IFO 12937  &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400E. cloacae TN 583     &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400S. marcecens      IFO 12648  &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400S. marcecens      B 315      &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400P. vulgaris      IFO 3988   &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400M. morganii      IFO 3168   &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400P. aeruginosa      IFO 3455   &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400P. aeruginosa      P 9        &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400P. aeruginosa      U 31       &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400P. aeruginosa      GN 3407    &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400P. aeruginosa      B 184      &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400A. calcoaceticus      IFO 13006  &gt;400     &gt;400   &gt;400______________________________________ 
    
     As shown in Table 4, compounds 1, 2 and 6 did not possess at all antibacterial action against the aerobic bacteria. This suggests that the Compound (I) has a selective antibacterial activity against the genus Campylobacter. 
     Subsequently, the toxicity of the Compound (I) was investigated. Oral administration of compounds 1 and 6 to mice (200 mg/kg) resulted in no dead animals, thus the Compound (I) is low in toxicity. 
     As described above, the Compound (I) has a strong antibacterial activity against the genus Campylobacter, e.g. Campylobacter pylori; and is of low toxicity. Thus, it can be used for the therapy of infectious diseases due to bacteria belonging to the genus Campylobacter (e.g. diarrhea, food poisoning, etc.) in mammals (e.g. mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, men, etc.). In this case, since the Compound (I) was selectively active against the genus Compylobacter, its administration does not induce the changes in the intestinal flora observed frequently in common antibiotic therapy (e.g. penicillin, cephalosporin, quinolon, etc.). Thus, the treatment with the Compound (I) can not accompany severe risk of undesirable side-effects due to replacement of bacteria (e.g. enteritis, pseudomembranous colitis, etc.). Furthermore, since the Compound (I) shows very unique antibacterial spectrum, its mode of action is considered to be different from that of any of the known antibiotics. Thus, the administration of the Compound (I) is unlikely to induce the acquisition of drug resistance of other species of bacteria or the cross-tolerance with other antibiotics. 
     When the Compound (I) is used as an antibiotic agent for preventing or treating said infectious diseases, it can be administered orally in a dosage form of capsules, tablets, granules, etc. by formulating with a pharmacologically acceptable carriers, such as excipients (e.g. lactose, starch, sucrose, etc.), disintegrators (e.g. starch, carboxymethyl-cellulose calcium, etc.), lubricants (e.g. magnesium stearate, talc, etc.), binders (e.g. hydroxypropyl-cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose, macrogol, etc.), and so on, and it also can be administered parenterally in a dosage form of injectable solutions which desirably have the concentration of the Compound (I) of 0.1 to 20 mg/ml, particularly 2 to 10 mg/ml. 
     WORKING EXAMPLE 
     In the following, the present invention is illustrated in a more concrete manner. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Nonpareils, 1650 g, [sugar core prepared by coating sucrose (75 weight parts) with corn starch (25 weight parts) according to a per se known method, 20-28 mesh] were brought into the CF granulator (CF-360, Freund Industrial Co., Ltd., Japan), and coated, while being sprayed with 1050 ml of a hydroxypropylcellulose solution [2% (w/v)] at 30 ml/min., first with the spraying powder and then with the spraying powder 2, both of which had been prepared by mixing the ingredients listed below, at the rate of 60 g/min. at room temperature with a rotor rotating at 200 rpm, dried in vacuo at 40° C. for 16 hours, and sieved through round sieves, to give spherical granules (14-32 mesh) having a core. 
     
         ______________________________________[spraying powder 1]compound (1)               450    gmagnesium carbonate        336    ggranulated sugar           297    gcorn starch                300    gL-HPC                      354    g[degree of substitution with hydroxypropaxylgroup: 10.0˜13.0% (w/w), mean particlesize: not more than 30 μm][spraying powder 2]granulated sugar           300    gcorn starch                246    gL-HPC (the same one as above)                      246    g______________________________________ 
    
     The granules obtained as above, 3,800 g, were brought into a fluidized-bed coating vessel (Ohkawara Co., Japan), subjected to enteric coating by spraying the enteric coating film solution described below at the rate of 50 ml/min. under the controlled conditions of inlet air at 65° C. and material temperature at 40° C., to give enteric coated spherical granules having a core. 
     The said granules were mixed with talc and light anhydrous silicic acid, then the mixture was filled into No. 1 hard capsules with a capsule filling machine (Parke-Davis &amp; Co., USA) to give capsules. 
     
         ______________________________________[Enteric coating film solution]Eudragit L30D-55      2,018  g (solid:605 g)talc                  182    gpolyethyleneglycol 6000                 60     gtitanium oxide        60     gTween 80              27     gwater                 4,230  ml[composition in one capsule]enteric coated granules                 368.8  mg   compound (1)      30.0   mg   magnesium carbonate                     22.4   mg   Nonpareils        110.0  mg   granulated sugar  59.8   mg   corn starch       36.4   mg   L-HPC             40.0   mg   hydroxypropylecllulose                     1.4    mg   Eudragit L30D-50  44.6   mg   talc              13.4   mg   polyethyleneglycol 6000                     4.4    mg   titanium oxide    4.4    mg   Tween 80          2.0    mgtalc                  0.6    mglight anhydrous silicic acid                 0.6    mgNo. 1 hard capsule    79.0   mgTotal                 449.0  mg______________________________________ 
    
     The dosage of the capsules is, for an adult man, one capsule after each meal per day. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     A 1000 mg quantity of compound (1) was dispersed in distilled water for injection, and 3 ml of 1N-aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added to dissolve the compound (1), followed by addition of water to make up to the total of 50 ml and sterile filtration by the conventional method. The resulting filtrate was filled in 1 ml portions into vials of a 12 cm 3  capacity, followed by lyophilization by means of the conventional technique. The lyophilized powder as contained in vials was dissolved in Solvent A (which was composed of 50 mg of N-methylglucamine, 0.27 ml of 1N-hydrochloric acid and 2 ml of propylene glycol being admixed with ethanol to make up to the total of 4 ml), Solvent B (which was composed of 50 mg of N-methylglucamine, 0.27 ml of 1N-hydrochloric acid, 1.2 ml of polyethylene glycol 400 and 1.2 ml of ethanol being admixed with distilled water for injection to make up to the total of 4 ml), Solvent C (which was composed of 50 mg of N-methylglucamine, 0.27 ml of 1N-hydrochloric acid, 1.2 ml of ethanol and 1.2 ml of propylene glycol being admixed with distilled water for injection to make up to the total of 4 ml) and Solvent D (which was composed of 50 mg of N-methylglucamine, 0.27 ml of 1N-hydrochloric acid and 2.5 ml of polyethylene glycol 400 bing admixed with distilled water for injection to make up to the total of 4 ml), respectively, to perform inspection for their solubilities as well as to conduct investigation into appearance and contents immediately after dissolution and after storage at 25° C. for 24 hours. 
     The results are shown in Table 5. The lyophilized power showed excellent solubilities in all of these solvents, and were able to be dissolved quickly. In addition to this, the resulting solutions were observed to produce slight changes in appearance immediately after dissolution and after storage for 24 hours, but the changes were found to be so slight that they in no way influence the injectable solution. The solution were found to show no change in the stage of solution while being observed to decrease slightly in content of compound (1). 
     
                       TABLE 5______________________________________Stability of the lyophilized compound (1)after being dissolved in vials:     A      B         C        D______________________________________Solubility  Good     Good      Good   GoodpH after    8.7      9.0       9.0    9.0dissolutionAfter dissolution:Appearance  Colorless                Colorless Colorless                                 ColorlessClarity     Clear    Clear     Clear  ClearContent     100%     100%      100%   100%After storage at5° C. for 24 hrs.:Appearance  Slightly to lightly green-yellowClarity     Clear    Clear     Clear  ClearContent*    97.0%    96.5%     96.7%  96.1%______________________________________ Note, *As measured by use of highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), whereby the content determined immediately after preparation was taken as 100.0%. Chromatographic conditions of HPLC: Carrier; Nucleosil 5 C.sub.18 (supplied by GasChro Kogyo K.K. of Japan) 4.0 mm × 150 mm Solvent; Methanol:water:triethylamine (60:40:1, pH 7) Detection method; UV spectrophotometry at 285 mm 
    
     These solutions can use as injections solutions