Abstract:
A connection method disclosed herein includes softening a resin film of a thermosetting resin by heating an element electrode of a piezoelectric body and a substrate electrode of a flexible cable to be connected to the piezoelectric body with the element electrode and the substrate electrode being pressed into contact with each other via the resin film; partially pushing out the molten resin film from an opposing position of the element electrode and the substrate electrode so as to bring a solder layer provided on the substrate electrode into contact with the element electrode; curing the resin film and melting solder in the solder layer by further raising a heating temperature; discharging excess solder in a direction defined by the cured resin film; and then solidifying the solder in the solder layer so as to solder the element electrode and the substrate electrode together.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    The present application is based on and claims priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-098219 filed on May 12, 2014. The entire disclosure of the above-identified application, including the specification, drawings and claims is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present disclosure relates to an inkjet head. In particular, the present disclosure relates to an inkjet head used as a production apparatus. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    In recent years, there has been a growing demand for larger screens and higher pixel resolution in various displays. 
         [0006]    Among those displays, an organic light emitting diode display (in the following, referred to as an OLED display) is produced by either a deposition method of placing a substrate of the display in a vacuum and depositing an organic layer on the substrate or a printing method of applying ink prepared by dissolving a material of the organic layer in a solvent onto pixels of the display under atmospheric pressure. The printing method is more advantageous for production of a large screen display. 
         [0007]    The printing method usable for the production of the OLED display includes a plurality of printing techniques. Among these printing techniques, an inkjet technique is appropriate in view of an utilization efficiency of the material. 
         [0008]    In order to improve the pixel resolution of the OLED display by the inkjet technique, a high-density inkjet head having a reduced distance between nozzle holes is needed. 
         [0009]    The inkjet head includes a piezoelectric element that applies pressure to ink. The piezoelectric element is provided for each of the nozzles. 
         [0010]    In order to apply a voltage to each piezoelectric element, a flexible cable including a wire is used. A control device and each of the piezoelectric elements are connected by the flexible cable. The piezoelectric elements are aligned with a fine pitch. Thus, when the flexible cable and the piezoelectric element are poorly connected, adjacent piezoelectric elements are short-circuited, causing a problem of reduced production yields. 
         [0011]    Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Registration Application Publication No. 63-90876 discloses a technique illustrated in  FIG. 16 . 
         [0012]      FIG. 16  is a plan view illustrating cable  21  to be connected to a piezoelectric element. Cable  21  includes a plurality of substrate electrodes  23  that are formed adjacent to each other on insulating substrate  22 . 
         [0013]    Furthermore, holes  24  are formed in advance on insulating substrate  22  between tips of substrate electrodes  23 . Holes  24  collect excess solder when substrate electrodes  23  are connected to the piezoelectric elements. This prevents a short-circuit between substrate electrodes  23 . 
         [0014]    Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-110269 discloses a technique illustrated in  FIG. 17 .  FIG. 17  is an enlarged perspective view illustrating connector  27 . 
         [0015]    A plurality of adjacent connector electrodes  25  are provided on insulating substrate  26 . Connector  27  further includes recesses  28  that are formed between connector electrodes  25 . When connector  27  is soldered to element electrodes of the inkjet head, recesses  28  collect overflowing solder. This prevents a short-circuit between adjacent connector electrodes  25 . 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0016]    When a piezoelectric element including adjacent piezoelectric bodies and a flexible cable including a plurality of adjacent substrate electrodes provided on an insulating substrate are soldered to each other, it is conceivable that excess solder that has overflowed from the substrate electrodes is collected into holes  24  or recesses  28  by forming holes  24  on the insulating substrate as described in Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Registration Application Publication No. 63-90876 or by forming recesses  28  on the insulating substrate as described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-110269. 
         [0017]    However, when the substrate electrode achieves a finer pitch, it is difficult to provide holes  24  or recesses  28  having an effective size on the insulating substrate. 
         [0018]    Moreover, when the excess solder enters between the adjacent piezoelectric bodies, it may solidify to form solder chips and cause a short-circuit. 
         [0019]    With the foregoing conventional problems in mind, it is an object of the present disclosure to provide a method for connecting a piezoelectric element and a cable substrate and a piezoelectric element having a cable substrate that can more reliably prevent a short-circuit caused by excess solder that has overflowed from between substrate electrodes when connecting the cable substrate having the substrate electrodes with a fine pitch to the piezoelectric element. 
         [0020]    A method for connecting a piezoelectric element and a cable substrate according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes softening a resin film by pressing against each other and heating a plurality of element electrodes located at the piezoelectric element and a plurality of substrate electrodes located on the cable substrate with the resin film and solder being sandwiched between the plurality of element electrodes and the plurality of substrate electrodes, each of the plurality of substrate electrodes having a shape of a line; curing the resin film by further heating the resin film that has been softened; melting the solder, and pushing out along the line a portion of the solder located at an opposing position by the pressing, the opposing position being a position where the plurality of element electrodes and the plurality of substrate electrodes are opposed to each other; and solidifying the solder between the plurality of substrate electrodes and the plurality of element electrodes. 
         [0021]    A piezoelectric element with a cable substrate according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a piezoelectric element including a plurality of piezoelectric bodies that are aligned via grooves; a cable substrate including a plurality of substrate electrodes that are aligned on an insulating substrate; first solder that connects the plurality of substrate electrodes and a plurality of element electrodes provided on surfaces of the plurality of piezoelectric bodies at a first opposing position where the plurality of substrate electrodes and the plurality of element electrodes are opposed to each other; and a thermosetting resin that is adjacent to the first solder and connects the plurality of piezoelectric bodies and the insulating substrate. The piezoelectric element has a cut-out portion that is adjacent to the plurality of element electrodes and defines a gap between the piezoelectric element and the plurality of substrate electrodes. The gap is greater than a gap between the plurality of element electrodes and the plurality of substrate electrodes at the first opposing position. 
         [0022]    In this configuration, the element electrode and the substrate electrode are pressed into contact with each other and heated while the resin film formed of the thermosetting resin is sandwiched between the element electrode and the substrate electrode. In this manner, the resin film formed of the thermosetting resin is softened by heating. The softened resin film is partially pushed out from the opposing position of the element electrode and the substrate electrode. In this way, the element electrode and the substrate electrode are connected via the solder layer that is in a solidified state. 
         [0023]    Then, the heating temperature is raised so as to cure the resin film formed of the thermosetting resin. Thereafter, the solder layer melts. Even when excess solder is pushed out, the path of the solder is restricted by the resin film, so that no short-circuit occurs. 
         [0024]    When the solder layer is melted by raising the heating temperature, the excess solder moves in a direction defined by the cured resin film. Thus, the excess solder does not move in an unwanted direction. Subsequently, the solder is solidified so as to complete soldering of the substrate electrode and the element electrode. 
         [0025]    In this manner, the use of the resin film formed of the thermosetting resin can cause the excess solder to move in a direction crossing an alignment direction of a plurality of adjacent substrate electrodes or a direction crossing an alignment direction of a plurality of element electrodes. Accordingly, even when no recess or hole is provided between the substrate electrodes unlike the conventional case, it is possible to improve the reliability and prevent a short-circuit between adjacent piezoelectric bodies in a process of press-bonding and connecting a flexible cable having a fine wiring pitch and a piezoelectric element. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0026]    These and other objects, advantages and features of the disclosure will become apparent from the following description thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings that illustrate a specific embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0027]      FIG. 1A  is a perspective view illustrating shapes of individual components immediately before starting soldering a piezoelectric element with a cable substrate in Embodiment 1; 
           [0028]      FIG. 1B  is a perspective view illustrating the piezoelectric element with the cable substrate when the soldering of the piezoelectric element with the cable substrate is completed in Embodiment 1; 
           [0029]      FIG. 2A  is a sectional view illustrating a main portion clamped by tools before heated in a production process of the piezoelectric element with the cable substrate in Embodiment 1; 
           [0030]      FIG. 2B  is a front view illustrating a state clamped by the tools before heated where an insulating substrate is omitted in the production process of the piezoelectric element with the cable substrate in Embodiment 1; 
           [0031]      FIG. 2C  is another sectional view illustrating a main portion clamped by the tools before heated in the production process of the piezoelectric element with the cable substrate in Embodiment 1; 
           [0032]      FIG. 3A  is a sectional view illustrating a main portion in a state where a resin film is softened in Embodiment 1; 
           [0033]      FIG. 3B  is a front view illustrating a state where the resin film is softened and the insulating substrate is omitted in Embodiment 1; 
           [0034]      FIG. 3C  is another sectional view illustrating the main portion in the state where the resin film is softened in Embodiment 1; 
           [0035]      FIG. 3D  is a front view illustrating a state where the resin film is softened in Embodiment 1; 
           [0036]      FIG. 3E  is another sectional view illustrating the main portion in the state where the resin film is softened in Embodiment 1; 
           [0037]      FIG. 4A  is a sectional view illustrating a main portion in a state where a solder layer is melted and excess solder is pushed out in Embodiment 1; 
           [0038]      FIG. 4B  is a front view illustrating the state of  FIG. 4A  where the insulating substrate is omitted; 
           [0039]      FIG. 4C  is another sectional view illustrating the main portion in the state of  FIG. 4A ; 
           [0040]      FIG. 4D  is a sectional view illustrating a solder solidifying process; 
           [0041]      FIG. 4E  is a front view illustrating the state of  FIG. 4D  where the insulating substrate is omitted; 
           [0042]      FIG. 5A  is an enlarged perspective view illustrating an inkjet head including the piezoelectric element with the cable substrate in Embodiment 1; 
           [0043]      FIG. 5B  is a perspective view illustrating an inkjet apparatus including the inkjet head including the piezoelectric element with the cable substrate in Embodiment 1; 
           [0044]      FIG. 6  is an exploded perspective view illustrating the inkjet head including the piezoelectric element with the cable substrate in Embodiment 1; 
           [0045]      FIG. 7A  is a perspective view illustrating a first sheet used for the piezoelectric element in Embodiment 1; 
           [0046]      FIG. 7B  is a perspective view illustrating a second sheet used in Embodiment 1; 
           [0047]      FIG. 7C  is a perspective view illustrating a third sheet used in Embodiment 1; 
           [0048]      FIG. 8  is an exploded view illustrating a main portion showing how the first, second and third sheets are layered in Embodiment 1; 
           [0049]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view illustrating a layered body obtained by layering the first, second and third sheets in Embodiment 1; 
           [0050]      FIG. 10A  is a perspective view illustrating the layered body on which an electrically-conductive film is formed; 
           [0051]      FIG. 10B  is a back view illustrating the layered body; 
           [0052]      FIG. 10C  is a perspective view illustrating the layered body that is partially omitted; 
           [0053]      FIG. 11A  is a perspective view illustrating a piezoelectric element obtained by forming a plurality of grooves in the layered body; 
           [0054]      FIG. 11B  is a front view illustrating the piezoelectric element obtained by forming the plurality of grooves in the layered body; 
           [0055]      FIG. 12  is a sectional view taken along line g-gg in  FIG. 11B ; 
           [0056]      FIG. 13A  is a sectional view illustrating a groove portion in a state where a solder layer is melted in a production process of a piezoelectric element with a cable substrate in Embodiment 2; 
           [0057]      FIG. 13B  is a front view illustrating a state where an insulating substrate is omitted in  FIG. 13A ; 
           [0058]      FIG. 14A  is a sectional view illustrating a piezoelectric body portion before a resin film is softened in a production process of a piezoelectric element with a cable substrate in Embodiment 3; 
           [0059]      FIG. 14B  is a front view illustrating a state where the resin film is softened and the insulating substrate is omitted in the production process of the piezoelectric element with the cable substrate in Embodiment 3; 
           [0060]      FIG. 14C  is a sectional view illustrating a groove portion in a state where the resin film is softened in the production process of the piezoelectric element with the cable substrate in Embodiment 3; 
           [0061]      FIG. 15  is a sectional view illustrating a piezoelectric body portion of a piezoelectric element having a rectangular cut-out in Embodiment 3; 
           [0062]      FIG. 16  is a plan view illustrating a conventional cable; and 
           [0063]      FIG. 17  is an enlarged perspective view illustrating a conventional cable. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0064]    The following is a description of a method for connecting a piezoelectric element and a cable substrate, a piezoelectric element having a cable substrate, and an inkjet head including the piezoelectric element with the cable substrate according to embodiments of the present disclosure. 
       Embodiment 1 
       [0065]      FIG. 1A  is a perspective view illustrating shapes of individual components immediately before starting soldering of a piezoelectric element with a cable substrate.  FIG. 1B  is a perspective view illustrating piezoelectric element  1  with a cable substrate when the soldering is completed.  FIG. 2A  to  FIG. 4E  illustrate production processes of piezoelectric element  1  with the cable substrate.  FIG. 5A  illustrates inkjet head  2  including piezoelectric element  1  with the cable substrate.  FIG. 5B  illustrates inkjet apparatus  70  including inkjet head  2 .  FIG. 6  is an exploded perspective view illustrating inkjet head  2  that is partially cut out.  FIG. 7A  to  FIG. 12  illustrate production processes of piezoelectric body  140 . 
       (Production Process) 
       [0066]    In the production of piezoelectric body  140 , layered body  139  illustrated in  FIG. 10A  is first produced. Thereafter, as illustrated in  FIG. 11A , a plurality of grooves  144  are formed in layered body  139 , thus forming a plurality of adjacent piezoelectric bodies U 1  to U 7 . 
         [0067]    Layered body  139  is produced as follows. 
         [0068]      FIG. 7A ,  FIG. 7B , and  FIG. 7C  are perspective views respectively illustrating first sheet  100 , second sheet  110 , and third sheet  120  of a piezoelectric body used for producing layered body  139 . First sheet  100 , second sheet  110 , and third sheet  120  are pre-burned green sheets. 
         [0069]    On an upper surface of first sheet  100  having a rectangular principal surface, rectangular first electrode  101  and first non-electrode region  102  are provided. An entire lower surface of first sheet  100  serves as a non-electrode region. 
         [0070]    On an upper surface of second sheet  110  having a rectangular principal surface, rectangular second electrode  111  and second non-electrode region  112  are provided. An entire lower surface of second sheet  110  serves as a non-electrode region. 
         [0071]    Both of an upper surface and a lower surface of third sheet  120  serve as a non-electrode region. 
         [0072]    Electrode patterns of first electrode  101  and second electrode  111  are printed by screen printing or the like using, for example, silver paste. Furthermore, a single sheet of a pre-burned piezoelectric film may have a thickness ranging from 5 μm to 100 μm, desirably from 10 μm to 50 μm. 
         [0073]    It should be noted that, in  FIG. 7A  to  FIG. 7C , an X direction indicates a direction along a long side, and a Y direction indicates a direction along a short side. 
         [0074]    First sheet  100  has first long side  100   a  and second long side  100   b  that are opposed to each other, and first short side  100   c  and second short side  100   d  that are opposed to each other. 
         [0075]    One of long sides of first electrode  101  contacts first long side  100   a . Short sides of first electrode  101  contact first short side  100   c  and second short side  100   d , respectively. 
         [0076]    Second sheet  110  has first long side  110   a  and second long side  110   b  that are opposed to each other, and first short side  110   c  and second short side  110   d  that are opposed to each other. Long sides of second electrode  111  are as long as first long side  110   a  and second long side  110   b . Short sides of second electrode  111  are shorter than first short side  110   c  and second short side  110   d . One of long sides of second electrode  111  contacts second long side  110   b . Short sides of second electrode  111  contact first short side  110   c  and second short side  110   d , respectively. 
         [0077]    As illustrated in  FIG. 8 , these first sheet  100 , second sheet  110 , and third sheet  120  are layered by alternately placing first sheet  100  and second sheet  110  on lowermost third sheet  120 . Finally, third sheet  120  is placed on top of the layers and sintered, resulting in layered body  139  before electrode formation as illustrated in  FIG. 9 . 
         [0078]    As illustrated in  FIG. 10A  to  FIG. 10C , electrically-conductive film  138  of, for example, a chromium film having a thickness ranging from 1 nm to 10 nm or a gold film having a thickness ranging from 100 nm to 800 nm is formed on all surfaces except lower surface  139   e  and upper surface  139   f  of sintered layered body  139  by sputtering or the like as indicated by hatching. It should be noted that chromium may be replaced by titanium and gold may be replaced by silver, platinum, etc. 
         [0079]    In this manner, second electrode  111  exposed to second lateral surface  139   b  of layered body  139  and first electrode  101  exposed to first lateral surface  139   a  of layered body  139  are electrically connected by electrically-conductive film  138  via fourth lateral surface  139   d  and third lateral surface  139   c  of layered body  139 .  FIG. 10B  illustrates second lateral surface  139   b  of layered body  139 . 
         [0080]    Next, a lower corner of first lateral surface  139   a  on a front side of layered body  139  is partially removed as illustrated in  FIG. 10C . This removes electrically-conductive film  138  formed in that portion so as to form cut-out portion  137 . As described above, layered body  139  having electrodes is completed. 
         [0081]    In order to form piezoelectric body  140 , layered body  139  of  FIG. 10C  is diced by a dicer, thereby forming a plurality of grooves  144  at predetermined intervals as illustrated in  FIG. 11A . Bottoms of grooves  144  reach cut-out portion  137 . These grooves  144  disconnect a portion of electrically-conductive film  138  on second lateral surface  139   b  and a portion of electrically-conductive film  138  on first lateral surface  139   a.    
         [0082]    More specifically, electrically-conductive film  138  on first lateral surface  139   a  is divided into element electrode  138   ac  that is connected to second electrode  111  and located toward third lateral surface  139   c , element electrode  138   ad  that is connected to second electrode  111  and located toward fourth lateral surface  139   d , and a plurality of element electrodes  138   a  to  138   g  that are located between element electrode  138   ad  and element electrode  138   ac.    
         [0083]      FIG. 11B  is a view, seen from first lateral surface  139   a , illustrating piezoelectric body  140  provided with the plurality of grooves  144  as above. In piezoelectric body  140 , a plurality of adjacent piezoelectric bodies U 1  to U 7  are formed between element electrode  138   ad  and element electrode  138   ac.    
         [0084]      FIG. 12  illustrates a cross section taken along line g-gg in  FIG. 11B . 
         [0085]    Incidentally, electrically-conductive film  138  may be provided on a bottom surface instead of the lateral surfaces of layered body  139  so as to connect second lateral surface  139   c  and element electrode  138   ac  or element electrode  138   ad . When a large amount of current flows, it is appropriate that electrically-conductive film  138  connecting second lateral surface  139   c  and element electrode  138   ac  or element electrode  138   ad  be provided on both of the lateral surfaces and lower surface  139   e  of layered body  139 . 
         [0086]    The inkjet head uses this piezoelectric body  140 , thereby discharging ink from each nozzle. In other words, the inkjet head can achieve highly-precise inkjet application without any influence among discharge speeds and volumes of droplets from neighboring nozzles. The inkjet head can realize application with high density, high precision and uniformity with reduced variations in a droplet amount through individual nozzle holes. 
         [0087]    By executing the processes illustrated in  FIG. 1A  to  FIG. 4E , it is possible to solder flexible cable  3  to element electrodes  138   a  to  138   g  of first lateral surface  139   a  in this piezoelectric body  140  in an excellent manner. 
       (Resin Softening Process: First Heating Process) 
       [0088]    In a heating preparation process illustrated in  FIG. 1A  to  FIG. 2C , resin film  4  of a thermosetting resin is sandwiched between flexible cable  3  and piezoelectric body  140 , and they are clamped by tool  5   a  and tool  5   b  altogether. 
         [0089]    Flexible cable  3  is obtained by forming adjacent substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   g  at intervals on insulating substrate  6  of a heat resistant polyimide resin or the like. At tips of substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   g , solder layer  8  having a thickness ranging approximately from 5 μm to 30 μm is formed in advance. 
         [0090]    Resin film  4  is obtained by processing a thermosetting adhesive of, for example, an epoxy resin into a film shape. Resin film  4  softens at temperature T 1  ranging from 70° C. to 150° C. lower than temperature T 3  at which solder in solder layer  8  melts, and, at a stage where the temperature is raised by a subsequent heating to temperature T 2  ranging from 100° C. to 200° C., undergoes a curing reaction and cures. Temperature T 2  is lower than temperature T 3  at which the solder in solder layer  8  melts (see Expression 1). 
         [0000]      T1&lt;T2&lt;T3  Expression 1
 
         [0000]    By the clamping with tools  5   a  and  5   b , substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   g  are pressed into contact with element electrodes  138   a  to  138   g  of piezoelectric body  140  via solder layer  8  and resin film  4 . 
         [0091]    Here,  FIG. 3B  illustrates a state viewed from first lateral surface  139   a  of piezoelectric body  140  similarly to  FIG. 2B .  FIG. 3C  illustrates a cross section taken at the same position as  FIG. 2C . In  FIG. 3A  to  FIG. 3C , softened resin film  4  is hatched to indicate that it is different from a thermosetting resin before softening in  FIG. 2A  to  FIG. 2C . Part of the thermosetting resin in resin film  4  that has been softened and moved flows into grooves  144  as illustrated in  FIG. 3C . 
       (Resin Curing Process: Second Heating Process) 
       [0092]    Now, in the second heating process, tool  5   a  and tool  5   b  clamping piezoelectric body  140  and flexible cable  3  heat and press piezoelectric body  140  and flexible cable  3  into contact with each other until temperature T 2  at which resin film  4  cures is reached. 
         [0093]    In this way, the thermosetting resin in resin film  4  that has been press-cut and moved to a surrounding portion of substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   g  in the first heating process cures as illustrated in  FIG. 3D  and  FIG. 3E . In order to indicate the difference from the softened thermosetting resin in  FIG. 3A  to  FIG. 3C , the thermosetting resin that has cured is indicated here by dark hatching. 
       (Solder Melting Process: Third Heating Process) 
       [0094]    In a solder melting process illustrated in  FIG. 4A  to  FIG. 4C , tool  5   a  and tool  5   b  clamping piezoelectric body  140  and flexible cable  3  heat and press piezoelectric body  140  and flexible cable  3  into contact with each other until temperature T 3  at which the solder in solder layer  8  melts is reached. The solder that has melted at temperature T 3  wets and adheres to surfaces of element electrodes  138   a  to  138   g  of piezoelectric body  140 . At this time, if an excessive amount of solder is in solder layer  8 , excess solder overflows from electrode adhesion surfaces of piezoelectric body  140 . 
         [0095]    In the resin curing process, the thermosetting resin in resin film  4  has already cured. In the surrounding portion of element electrodes  138   a  to  138   g  of piezoelectric body  140 , piezoelectric body  140  and insulating substrate  6  of flexible cable  3  are bonded by the thermosetting resin. Thus, excess solder  9  that has melted from solder layer  8  is pushed out toward cut-out portion  137  from a space between element electrodes  138   a  to  138   g  of piezoelectric body  140  and substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   g  along substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   g  having a passage not closed by the thermosetting resin that has cured. 
         [0096]    At this time, a passage along a direction from solder layer  8  to grooves  144  is closed by the thermosetting resin that has cured, so that excess solder  9  that has melted from solder layer  8  is not pushed into grooves  144 . 
         [0097]    Here, cut-out portion  137  is formed between piezoelectric body  140  and flexible cable  3 . A space of cut-out portion  137  is formed by partially removing the lower corner of layered body  139  and thus is not pressed sufficiently by tool  5   a  and tool  5   b . As a result, the thermosetting resin in the resin film that has been pushed out to the surrounding portion of the substrate electrodes has slight gap  10  in a portion corresponding to this space. The excess solder flows out through this gap  10 . 
         [0098]    In a solder solidifying process illustrated in  FIG. 4D  and  FIG. 4E , tool  5   a  and tool  5   b  clamping piezoelectric body  140  and flexible cable  3  cool down and press piezoelectric body  140  and flexible cable  3  into contact with each other until temperature T 0  at which the solder in solder layer  8  solidifies is reached. 
         [0099]    In this manner, element electrodes  138   a  to  138   g  of piezoelectric body  140  and substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   g  are soldered to each other. 
         [0100]    In order to indicate the difference between the solidified solder and the melted solder, the solder in  FIG. 4D  and  FIG. 4E  is indicated by darker hatching than the solder in  FIG. 4A  to  FIG. 4C . 
         [0101]    More specifically, the space near cut-out portion  137  has a sufficient size for the amount of solder  9  that has overflowed. Thus, excess solder  9  that has overflowed does not move to any other portion from this space. When the heating is finished in this state, the solder starts cooling and curing. An appropriate amount of solder  9  between the element electrodes and the substrate electrodes solidifies, thus completing the connection between these electrodes. Solder  9  that has overflowed also cools, solidifies, and remains at its position in the space. 
         [0102]    Here, when the solder between element electrodes  138   a  to  138   g  and substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   g  is denoted by first solder and the excess solder is denoted by second solder, the first solder and the second solder are continuous (connected). 
         [0103]    In this manner, thermosetting resin film  4  is sandwiched between piezoelectric body  140  and flexible cable  3 , which are then pressed into contact with each other while heating. Thereafter, the temperature is lowered to solidify the solder. This prevents the entry of solder chips into grooves  144  of piezoelectric body  140 , making it possible to achieve a highly-reliable piezoelectric element with a cable substrate. 
         [0104]    After flexible cable  3  is joined to element electrodes  138   a  to  138   g  of piezoelectric body  140 , a gap as large as the thickness of substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   g  is formed between insulating substrate  6  of flexible cable  3  and substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   g.    
         [0105]    In the case where the thickness of resin film  4  is not large enough to fill this gap, if an excessive amount of the solder lies near the remaining gap, excess molten solder may be pushed out from this gap. Thus, resin film  4  that has cured needs to fill the gap substantially completely. In the case where resin film  4  is too thick, the pressure for joining piezoelectric body  140  and flexible cable  3  may not be sufficient to press-cut the softened thermosetting resin, so that solder layer  8  does not contact element electrodes  138   a  to  138   g  and substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   g.    
         [0106]    Consequently, resin film  4  may be thicker than substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   g  and thin enough to be press-cut by heating and pressing, and preferably has a thickness ranging from 10 μm to 100 μm. 
         [0107]    As illustrated in  FIG. 5A , on upper surface  139   f  of thus produced piezoelectric body  140  with a cable substrate, ink tank  12  having nozzle holes  11  is disposed. 
         [0108]    As illustrated in  FIG. 6 , between diaphragm  13  and nozzle plate  14  having a plurality of nozzle holes  11 , ink tank  12  has a plurality of partition walls  16  for separating a plurality of pressure generation spaces  15  that are in communication with nozzle holes  11 . Pressure generation spaces  15  are provided in regions corresponding to piezoelectric bodies U 1  to U 7 . Partition wall  16  is provided between the piezoelectric bodies. Ink is filled via an ink supply channel (not shown) in pressure generation spaces  15  defined by diaphragm  13 , nozzle plate  14 , and partition walls  16 . 
         [0109]    In inkjet head  2  configured as above, when a voltage signal based on what is to be printed is applied to piezoelectric bodies U 1  to U 7  via flexible cable  3 , piezoelectric bodies U 1  to U 7  that are supplied with the voltage signal extend. This extension is transmitted via diaphragm  13  to pressure generation spaces  15 , and pressurizes the ink inside pressure generation spaces  15 , thereby discharging ink droplets through nozzle holes  11 . 
         [0110]    Incidentally, nozzle holes  11  can be formed in nozzle plate  14  of, for example, a thin metal sheet made of stainless steel or a thin ceramic sheet by laser machining, drilling, press working, etching, electroforming or the like. Considering the degree of flexibility in processing shapes of nozzle holes  11  and the ease of controlling the shapes of nozzle holes  11 , it is appropriate to form nozzle holes  11  by laser machining. 
         [0111]    Furthermore, depending on the structure of ink tank  12 , ink tank  12  may be produced by stacking a plurality of individually processed substrates to form partition walls  16 . 
         [0112]    Nozzle plate  14  and partition walls  16  are joined by metal junction, an adhesive, or the like. Although any kinds of the adhesive may be employed, it is possible to use a thermosetting adhesive, a two-liquid mixed adhesive, an ultraviolet curing adhesive, an anaerobic adhesive, or an adhesive that cures by a combination of these effects. When the thermosetting adhesive is used, it is appropriate that nozzle plate  14  and partition walls  16  be formed of the same material in order to prevent displacement and warping caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient. 
         [0113]    Diaphragm  13  may be formed of a plastic film such as a polyimide film, a nickel electroformed film, or the like. In particular, since the ink for producing OLED displays often contains an oil-based solvent such as an aromatic solvent, it is appropriate to use a nickel electroformed film considering solvent resistance. 
         [0114]    In the present specification, in order to facilitate the understanding of the structure of piezoelectric body  140 , the number of the piezoelectric bodies has been reduced from the actual number, and the pitch of piezoelectric bodies U 1  to U 7  and the width of grooves  144  have been schematically illustrated. In actual inkjet head  2  and actual piezoelectric body  140 , for example, 100 to 200 piezoelectric bodies U 1 , U 2 , etc., are adjacently disposed as piezoelectric body  140  along the X direction via grooves  144 . The width of grooves  144  depends on the resolution of the inkjet head, and may range from 20 μm to 50 μm for a high-resolution inkjet head. 
         [0115]    In such an inkjet head including a piezoelectric element with a cable substrate, an end face of an internal electrode is exposed inside grooves  144  of piezoelectric body  140 . Thus, if excess solder at the time of soldering flexible cable  3  to piezoelectric body  140  enters grooves  144 , a short-circuit with an adjacent piezoelectric body occurs, so that a signal for a piezoelectric body to be driven is also transmitted to and drives the adjacent piezoelectric body. The vibrations are transmitted via diaphragm  13  to partition walls  16 , thus causing unwanted vibrations in pressure generation spaces  15 . These vibrations adversely affect the speed, volume and discharge direction of the ink droplets discharged through nozzle holes  11 . 
         [0116]    Furthermore, if the adjacent piezoelectric body is short-circuited with piezoelectric bodies on both sides, an electric signal transmitted to one of the piezoelectric bodies is also transmitted to the piezoelectric body on the other side via this adjacent piezoelectric body, thereby vibrating both of the piezoelectric bodies. This state is called cross talk. In an inkjet head with the cross talk, a discharge signal transmitted to a nozzle hole causes the ink to be discharged from the adjacent nozzle hole. Thus, such an inkjet head is considered as a defective item. 
         [0117]    However, in the inkjet head according to the present embodiment, since flexible cable  3  is soldered to piezoelectric body  140  using resin film  4  of the thermosetting resin so as to prevent the entry of the excess solder into grooves  144 , the above-described short-circuit does not occur. Consequently, it is possible to achieve a highly-reliable inkjet head free from the above-mentioned problems. 
         [0118]    Incidentally, as illustrated in  FIG. 5B , inkjet head  2  is mounted to inkjet apparatus  70 . Inkjet head  2  is attached to frame  74 , and applies ink to workpiece  72 . Stage  73  moves workpiece  72 . Frame  74  moves inkjet head  2 . Control unit  75  controls these components. 
       Embodiment 2 
       [0119]      FIG. 13A  and  FIG. 13B  illustrate a piezoelectric element with a cable substrate according to Embodiment 2.  FIG. 13A  and  FIG. 13B  illustrate the same states as  FIG. 4A  and  FIG. 4B , respectively. 
         [0120]    In Embodiment 1, as illustrated in  FIG. 4B , substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   c  of flexible cable  3  have had a length approximately from a tip of insulating substrate  6  to a lower end of the element electrodes of piezoelectric body  140 . However, in Embodiment 2, substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   c  are extended from the tip of insulating substrate  6  to a portion below the element electrodes of piezoelectric body  140  and further below a bottom portion of grooves  144  of piezoelectric body  140 . 
         [0121]    Both of an extended portion of solder layer  8  and solder layer  8  that joins substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   c  of flexible cable  3  and element electrodes  138   a  to  138   c  of piezoelectric body  140  melt at the same time by the heating with tools  5   a  and  5   b.    
         [0122]    At this time, a surface tension of molten solder layer  8  exerts a force in a direction of shrinking the surface. As a result, solder layer  8  has an effect of attracting excess solder toward cut-out portion  137 . This effect more reliably prevents excess solder  9  from causing the short-circuit with the adjacent piezoelectric body. 
       Embodiment 3 
       [0123]      FIG. 14A  to  FIG. 14C  illustrate a piezoelectric element with a cable substrate according to Embodiment 3.  FIG. 14A  illustrates the same state as  FIG. 2A .  FIG. 14B  illustrates the same state as  FIG. 2B .  FIG. 14C  illustrates a cross section at a portion of groove  144  of the piezoelectric element with the cable substrate when the connection is completed. 
         [0124]    In Embodiment 1, resin film  4  has extended just before a lower end of an opening of groove  144  as illustrated in  FIG. 2B . In Embodiment 3, resin film  4  is extended further below the lower end of the opening of groove  144 . 
         [0125]    With this configuration, softened resin film  4  is press-cut by heating and pressing by tools  5   a  and  5   b , and flows into grooves  144 . At the same time, the thermosetting resin in the extended portion of resin film  4  flows to cut-out portion  137  of piezoelectric body  140  and cures. 
         [0126]    This configuration allows the thermosetting resin that has cured to reliably close the openings of grooves  144  to their lower ends. Thus, even when the overflowing solder deviates from solder layer  8 , it can be prevented from moving to other portions. Consequently, in Embodiment 3, it is possible to more reliably prevent the excess solder in the solder layer from causing the short-circuit with the adjacent piezoelectric body. 
         [0127]    Furthermore, more effects can be produced by extending solder layer  8  downward as in Embodiment 2. 
         [0128]    In each of the embodiments described above, a part of the lower corner of first lateral surface  139   a  of layered body  139  has been cut out obliquely so as to remove electrically-conductive film  138  formed in that part. As a result, cut-out portion  137  that is inclined in a direction increasing a gap between layered body  139  and insulating substrate  6  has been formed. However, as illustrated in  FIG. 15 , a similar effect can be produced by cutting out a rectangular portion from piezoelectric body  140  so as to form cut-out portion  137 . 
         [0129]    In each of the embodiments described above, solder layer  8  has been provided in substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   g  of flexible cable  3  and not in element electrodes  138   a  to  138   g  of piezoelectric body  140 . However, a similar effect can be produced by providing solder layer  8  in element electrodes  138   a  to  138   g  of piezoelectric body  140  instead of substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   g  of flexible cable  3 . Alternatively, a similar effect can be produced by providing solder layer  8  in both substrate electrodes  7   a  to  7   g  of flexible cable  3  and element electrodes  138   a  to  138   g  of piezoelectric body  140 . 
         [0130]    Resin film  4  formed of the thermosetting resin in each of the embodiments described above can be an anisotropic conductive film (ACF) obtained by dispersing metal-coated resin particles therein, a non conductive film (NCF) in which no particles are dispersed, or the like. 
         [0131]    When the ACF is used, electrically-conductive resin particles in the ACF also achieve electrical conduction between piezoelectric body  140  and flexible cable  3 . However, in the case of an inkjet head used under an organic solvent atmosphere, a binder resin in resin film  4  slightly swells owing to the organic solvent in the atmosphere with an increase in use period, and the electrically-conductive resin particles in the ACF float up from the surface of the element electrodes, so that the electrical connection cannot be obtained. In particular, since the solvent of the ink used for printing an organic layer in OLED displays is mainly an aromatic organic solvent having a high permeability to resins or an aromatic organic solvent having a heterocycle, the binder resin has a considerable tendency to swell. 
         [0132]    Moreover, in inverse proportion to an increase in inkjet head resolution, a connection area between piezoelectric body  140  and flexible cable  3  per piezoelectric body  140  decreases, so that the number of the electrically-conductive resin particles sandwiched in that connection portion also decreases. Thus, it is more likely that the lack of conduction between the electrodes will occur, leading to poor reliability. Consequently, when the ACF is used, a function of providing electrical conductivity is not substantially utilized even if the electrically-conductive resin particles are present in resin film  4 . 
         [0133]    Although only some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the present disclosure. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure. 
       INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
       [0134]    The present disclosure contributes to the enhancement of yields of non-defective products of various kinds such as an inkjet head including a piezoelectric element with a cable substrate.