Abstract:
A method and system is disclosed that includes a central controller that takes energy data available from a power/energy measuring device, such as a “smart” meter that is located on a primary network and makes that data available to devices over a secondary network. The central controller is a home energy gateway that includes two communication modules, one of which is used to bind a meter as a router or end point on the primary network, and one which is used to form a secondary network here the central controller operates as network coordinator. The central controller also operates as an energy service portal for devices on the secondary network.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    This disclosure relates to energy management, and more particularly to energy systems and methods with time of use (TOU) and/or demand response (DR) energy programs. The disclosure finds particular application to utility systems and appliances configured to manage energy loads to consumers through a communicating consumer control device, such as a home energy manager (HEM), programmable communicating thermostat (PCT), appliance controller, or the like. 
         [0002]    Demand response (DR) appliances are configured to respond to incoming signals from utilities (e.g., for a load shedding event), and/or user inputs for modifying the operation of the appliance (e.g., for energy savings). Coupled with DR appliances a home energy manager (HEM) or home energy gateway (HEG) of a home network provides feedback to a user regarding the performance of the appliances. For example, a user may be able to monitor and/or modify the appliances&#39; responses as well as get feedback on power consumption. In order to reduce high peak power demand, many utilities have instituted time of use (TOU) metering and rates which include higher rates for energy usage during on-peak times and lower rates for energy usage during off-peak times. As a result, consumers are provided with an incentive to use electricity at off-peak times rather than on-peak times and to reduce overall energy consumption of appliances at all times. 
         [0003]    There is a need to provide a system that can automatically operate power consuming devices during off-peak hours in order to reduce consumer&#39;s electric bills and also to reduce the load on generating plants during on-peak hours. Active and real time communication of energy costs and consumption of appliances to the consumer will enable informed choices of operating the power consuming functions of the appliance. 
         [0004]    Further, to better communicate between appliances of a home and inform the user about energy costs and usage there is a need to get specific inputs from all devices within the home area network (HAN) regarding the amount of power each device is consuming. This disclosure provides a means of acquiring this data to be shared with the user. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    More specifically, this disclosure provides an energy management system that can determine the power consumption of a device within a home network. The system has a home energy gateway that obtains power/energy data available at a smart meter and makes the data available to the appliances on the network. A primary network (e.g., a Zigbee network) includes a smart meter in communication with a utility and the home energy gateway. The power/energy data is available on the primary network by the smart meter, which measures total power/energy consumption for the home. This data is available on the primary network and is mirrored to a secondary network by the home energy gateway for devices operatively bound to the home energy gateway therein. 
         [0006]    In one embodiment, the secondary network is formed by the home energy gateway and includes smart devices, such as smart appliances or demand response appliance and the like. The devices each include a device controller and a communications module. The devices are capable of controlling their electrical load, and store information, such as time stamp information, about when the device is powered on and off. The devices thus receive whole home power/energy consumption information from the home energy gateway to approximate and report their energy usage. 
         [0007]    In another embodiment, a method for obtaining power consumption data of a particular one energy consuming device among a plurality of energy consuming devices within a secondary home network. The method includes an energy management system comprising a central controller with at least one memory storing executable instructions. A power/energy measuring device forms a primary home network for measuring the total power consumed by the devices. The method comprises obtaining a total power consumption for the plurality of energy consuming devices at the power/energy measuring device in the primary network and obtaining a communication signal having the total power consumption from the power/energy measuring device via a first communication module at the central controller. The central controller transmits the communication signal on the secondary network to the plurality of energy consuming devices via a second communication module 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0008]      FIG. 1  is a schematic illustration of an energy management system; and 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  is a flow diagram illustrating an example methodology for implementing an energy management system with a plurality of energy consuming devices having different components. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0010]      FIG. 1  schematically illustrates an exemplary home energy management system  100  for one or more energy consuming devices, such as devices  102 ,  104 ,  106  according to one aspect of the present disclosure. Each of the devices  102 ,  104 ,  106  can comprise one or more power consuming features/functions. For example, device  102  may be an appliance communication module with a processor or device controller, while device  104  may be a refrigerator, an HVAC system, and/or device  106  may be a pool pump or any energy consuming device capable of having power consumption measured at different times of operation. The devices may also be controllers, or other energy consuming devices other than appliances, such as a programmable communicating thermostat. 
         [0011]    The home energy management system  100  comprises a central controller  110  for managing power consumption within a household. The controller  110  is operatively connected to each of the devices  102 ,  104 , and  106  with power consuming features/functions within a primary network  108 . The controller  110  can include a micro computer on a printed circuit board, which is programmed to selectively send signals to a device control board (not shown) of device  102 ,  104 , and/or  106  respectively in response to the input signal it receives. For example, DSM signals may be received and communicated to the devices by the device controller, which in turn, is operable to manipulate energizing of the power consuming features/functions thereof. For example, the device controller controls the power consumption by turning the respective device and different features therein on or off, or at a discrete or continuous fraction of the full power. 
         [0012]    The central controller  110  is a home energy gateway (HEG), for example, with a memory for processing and storing data, such as time of use (TOU) and/or demand response (DR) program data. The central controller  110  is operable as a gateway device between a utility provider and appliances within the home. For example, the central controller  110  operatively couples a primary network  112  with the secondary network  108 . 
         [0013]    The primary network  112  includes a meter  114 , such as a “smart” electric meter that operates as an energy server interface (ESI) to the central controller  110 . The primary network  112  thus provides a link from the meter  114  to the central controller  110 , and is the primary or first network of at least two networks within the home. In one embodiment, the primary network  112  is a Zigbee network that communicates data in a Zigbee protocol format to communicating devices within the network, such as the central controller  110 . Communication is facilitated by one or more communication modules, such as wireless and/or wired transceivers. For example, a first communication module  116  is operatively coupled to the meter  114  for communicating within the primary network  112  to the central controller  110 . 
         [0014]    The meter  114  forming an ESI to the primary network  112  also serves as a portal device from utility data center(s) to the networks of the homes, such as the primary network  112  and the secondary network  108 . The meter  114  serves as the connection between home area networks and utility networks and provides utility data to the home, such as TOU or DR data. The meter also performs a security function as an interface by letting authorized devices only onto the network, since consumption data is private and utilities do not necessarily want unauthorized devices on the network. 
         [0015]    As stated above, homeowners need to make informed decisions regarding their energy consumption use and cost. In general, a homeowner that is informed of energy consumption, such as their electricity usage, will find ways to reduce consumption. Therefore, devices, such as the devices  102 ,  104 ,  106  and any number of devices that may be added to the network, can be provided their consumption information through the secondary network  108 . For example, the central controller  110  operates as a metering server on a secondary interface for the secondary network  108 . The central controller  110  (e.g., an HEG or the like) mirrors information communicated to it from the meter  114 . For example, whole-home energy consumption measurements and/or data obtained at the meter  114  are communicated to the central controller  110 , which, in turn, are communicated from the controller to devices within the home, such as devices  102 ,  104 ,  106  over the secondary network. Each device  102 ,  104 ,  106  has a communication module, such as a transceiver or the like, for communicating within the secondary network. Metering data, such as whole-home energy consumption measurement data provided by the meter  114 , is mirrored from the central controller  110  to the devices  102 ,  104 ,  106 . Because the devices are controlled by a device controller, each device is able to process power on and power off states therein. Consequently, each device  102 ,  104 ,  106  does not need to be authorized by a utility to join the utility networks or obtain measurement data directly from the meter  114 . In addition, each device obtains whole-home energy consumption information and is able to meter its own energy consumption for informing the homeowner. 
         [0016]    By knowing whole-home energy consumption information, each device of the home is able to calculate its own energy consumption for consumers to make informed decisions. Because each device  102 ,  104 ,  106  knows when power is on and power is off at the device, the energy measurements and information can be calculated by subtraction or other means to obtain consumption information for the particular device. Devices  102 ,  104 ,  106  operatively connected to the secondary network  108  are in communication with the home energy gateway, or central controller  110  of the home as well as with one another. The secondary network  108  is therefore able to provide the necessary information for individual devices and/or appliances of the home to make its own calculations. For example, the secondary network may be provided information of what devices are on or off at the time, so that not only does each device know when it is powered on or off, but also has knowledge of when the other devices operatively connected within the network are also powered on or off. This can enable an accurate measurement of each device&#39;s energy consumption by subtracting the whole-home energy measurements mirrored from the controller  110  when the particular device is on and off. This real-time information of the energy consumption of the device is then used to report energy usage within the home for informing users of other information also, such as current usage patterns, and/or current power cost that might be presented to the user via a display (not shown) operatively coupled to the device or appliance and/or the central controller  110 . 
         [0017]    For example, at time  1 , a device may be off or inactive state and when expecting to power itself on or to an active state, the device may communicate on the secondary network  108  for metering data. Thus, at time  1 , a first energy measurement is obtained by the device. At time  2 , the same device follows the same procedure to obtain a second energy measurement. The energy consumption of the device is then able to be computed at the device controller/processor by subtracting or obtaining an absolute difference between the first and the second energy measurements. 
         [0018]    The device may obtain metering information for itself at both the off-to on power state change and/or the on-to-off power state change. Regardless, an accurate determination of the device&#39;s energy consumption is able to be obtained by the device itself. The device obtains readings of energy consumption from the central controller  110  and makes computations at both power state change times (i.e., when the device powers on and off) as well as keeps a record in a memory (not shown) of the device or other memory of previous computations. In one embodiment, the device may learn its power consumption with additional accuracy as readings are taken and averaged or otherwise calculated in order to account for erroneous readings or measurements during the operation of other devices operatively coupled within the secondary network of the home. 
         [0019]    The operation of each device  102 ,  104 ,  106  may vary as a function of a characteristic of the utility state and/or supplied energy. Because some energy suppliers offer time-of-day pricing in their tariffs, price points could be tied directly to the tariff structure for the energy supplier. If real time pricing is offered by the energy supplier serving the site, this variance could be utilized to generate savings and reduce load demand. Similarly, if pricing is available for ancillary services, such as providing spinning reserve or frequency regulations, the loads and generation sources in the home may respond in a manner to generate savings for customers. 
         [0020]    If the controller  110  receives and processes an energy signal indicative of a peak demand state or high energy price or period at any time during operation of the appliances  102 ,  104 ,  106 , the controller makes a determination of whether one, more, or all of the power consuming features/functions of each appliance should be operated in the energy savings mode and if so, it signals the appropriate device to begin operating in the energy savings or deferral mode in order to reduce the instantaneous amount of energy being consumed. The controller  110  is configured to communicate with the appliance control board or device controller of the device to provide command instructions for the appliance control board to govern specific features/functions, for example, to operate at a lower consumption level or defer operation and determine what the lower consumption level should be. This enables each appliance to be controlled by the appliance&#39;s controller where user inputs are being considered directly, rather than invoking an uncontrolled immediate termination of the operation of specific features/functions of an appliance from an external source, such as a utility. It should be appreciated that the controller  110  can be configured with default settings that govern normal mode and energy savings mode operation. Such settings in each mode can be fixed, while others are adjustable to user preferences to provide response to load shedding signals. 
         [0021]    In one embodiment, the central controller  110  operates as a data server embodied in a client application (not shown). The central controller  110  provides data received from devices within the home to the client application, which in turns formats the data to be presented to the user, such as in graphs or other type of displays. The application may be utilized within each device connected to the central controller  110  within the secondary network  108 , for example. In another embodiment, the controller  110  operates as a server for serving for providing network data, such as metering information to the devices. 
         [0022]    The central controller  110  comprises at least two communication modules, namely a first communication module  118  and a second communication module  120 . The second communication module  120  of the central controller  110  communicates to the devices  102 ,  104 ,  106 . Both the first and second communication modules operate as an interface radio whereby the first communication module  118  facilitates communications to and from the meter  114  with a communication module  116 . These interface radios are ZigBee devices for forming at least two Zigbee networks (e.g., the primary and secondary networks) at the home. The central controller  110  can also include ports, such as USB or Ethernet for adding additional functionality. By receiving information gathered at the meter  114  by the central controller  110 , the devices operate as if they are communicating with the meter  114  directly. However, the devices are obtaining information indirectly from a server on the secondary network, which communicates information from the central controller  110  via the second communication module  120 . Each communication module is a Zigbee device that communicates with a simple metering cluster or Zigbee protocol format. 
         [0023]    Example methodology  200  for obtaining power consumption data of a particular energy consuming device among a plurality of energy consuming devices with a home network is illustrated in  FIG. 2 . While the methods are illustrated and described below as a series of acts or events, it will be appreciated that the illustrated ordering of such acts or events are not to be interpreted in a limiting sense. For example, some acts may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts or events apart from those illustrated and/or described herein. In addition, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement one or more aspects or embodiments of the description herein. Further, one or more of the acts depicted herein may be carried out in one or more separate acts and/or phases. 
         [0024]    Referring now to  FIG. 2 , is an exemplary method for an energy management and monitoring system of a home. The home includes a central controller  110 , such as a home energy gateway, in which energy information is communicated through to the home. The controller is a processor, for example, that links at least two networks at the home, a primary network  112  and a secondary network  108 , for example. The controller is coupled to at least one memory storing executable instruction or software and is operatively coupled to a power/energy measuring devices that measures total power consumed at the home. 
         [0025]    At  202  a total power consumption is obtained for the energy consuming devices of the home by the power/energy measuring device (e.g., a smart meter). The meter is within a primary network and is configured to be an interface device for a utilities network. The meter includes a communication module, such as a Zigbee transceiver, that communicates whole-home metering data or total energy consumption data of the home to the central controller. 
         [0026]    At  204  the central controller includes at least two communication modules, which are Zigbee communication transceivers. A first communication module  120  obtains communication signals having the total consumption data from the meter  114 . At  206  the controller transmits the communication data received from the meter to energy consuming devices via a second communication module  118  over a secondary network, which is a metering sever operated by the central controller. 
         [0027]    In one embodiment, each energy consuming device is operable to determine its own individual power consumption by calculating a difference in the total power consumption received over the meter server on the secondary network during an active or powered on mode and an inactive or powered down mode, such as in off or standby power modes. Furthermore, addition devices are added to the secondary network and operate to obtain whole-home energy consumption information there from without being authorized to join a utilities network. 
         [0028]    The invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description. It is intended that the invention be construed as including all such modifications and alterations.