Abstract:
A method for deployment of a restraint system is proposed, the acceleration in the direction of driving being increased as a function of the acceleration at right angles to the direction of driving and/or at a given angle relative to the direction of driving. This ensures that in particular crashes between 40 and 65 km/h can be detected more easily.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is based on a method for deploying a restraint system. 
     BACKGROUND INFORMATION 
     It is known heretofore that a frontal collision of a vehicle can be detected by evaluating acceleration signals and/or summed acceleration signals that arise in the direction of driving via comparison with predefined deployment thresholds, a restraint system for protecting the people in the vehicle being deployed if the deployment thresholds are exceeded. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     By contrast, the method according to the present invention for deploying a restraint system has the advantage that vehicle oscillations at right angles to the direction of driving, i.e., in the y direction, are also evaluated in order to detect a frontal collision. This oscillation is less pronounced in the case of low-speed collisions than in the case of higher-speed collisions. In the event of a collision and under certain initial conditions, the method according to the present invention uses the y signal that is determined in the restraint system&#39;s central control system to “sharpen” the deployment algorithm within a definable time window, so that in particular deployment performance at collision speeds of 40 to 64 km/h is improved. Herein, it is advantageous that the y acceleration signal and an integral of the y acceleration signal are evaluated, so that if necessary a value that is determined as a function of the y acceleration signal and of the integrated y acceleration signal is added to the x acceleration signal and the x integrator, respectively. Thus higher and lower deployment thresholds are reached more quickly, so that the restraint system is deployed early, which improves the safety of the occupants of the vehicle. Herein, the add-on in question is performed for a predefined time, after which the add-on is no longer performed. 
     It is especially advantageous that thanks to the evaluation of the acceleration signals at right angles to the direction of driving, in the event of misuses—i.e., abrupt driving maneuvers and no-fire (no-deployment) crashes—the method according to the present invention is disabled. In the case of large and heavy vehicles such as off-road vehicles and sport utility vehicles, in particular between 40 and 64 km/h very low deceleration values arise in the direction of driving, and, if in the case of these vehicles a deformable barrier is present, an airbag can only be reliably deployed via the basic algorithm starting from the fiftieth millisecond. Only after that instant is the barrier deformed so that the vehicle meets rigid resistance, and therefore only then does the vehicle undergo rapid deceleration. Thus a distinction relative to 15 km/h no-fire crashes can only be made reliably starting from that instant. This crash behavior is related to the relatively substantial weight of the vehicle—over 2 tons—and its rigid structure. However, it is desirable that for example a 64 km/h collision should result in deployment before 40 milliseconds have elapsed. As the deceleration in the direction of driving is insufficient for an early deployment decision without deploying for 15 km/h crashes as well, the central y acceleration signal is used as a further criterion. The y acceleration signal has modest dynamics overall, but in the case of a 40-64 km/h collision it is greater compared to the y acceleration signal for a 15 km/h collision. Two functions can be derived from this feature, which are the subject matter of the method according to the present invention: The integrator add-on function makes use of the influenceable absolute integrator of the central y signal, and under certain initial conditions performs add-ons to the integrator of the x acceleration. The absolute value of the y signal is used in the threshold pointer add-on function to perform add-ons to the threshold pointer of the x acceleration signal. Here, too, initial conditions are defined, e.g., so that the function is not activated if a misuse is involved. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the acceleration values and the corresponding integrated acceleration values at right angles to the direction of driving, i.e., the y acceleration values, are compared with a definable parameter, and if the acceleration values are greater than this parameter, the difference between the two values is calculated. The differences are then added up successively until the disable instant. Below, the summed values are referred to as the dynamics of the y acceleration signal. Add-ons to the x integrator are performed as a function of this dynamics of the y acceleration signal. The amount of the add-ons is predefined via a characteristic curve. The add-ons are performed starting from the instant at which the dynamics enters a definable time threshold window. The add-ons cease to be performed once the disable instant has been reached. Thus if the dynamics passes by the window, the function is disabled. If, by a first instant, the dynamics has reached higher values than the upper threshold, the function stays disabled, because a misuse is present, e.g., a hammer blow or a high-speed frontal crash having a large y component. Moreover, if, by a second instant, the dynamics reaches lower values than the lower dynamics threshold, the function is disabled, because a 15 km/h no-fire crash is present. 
     It is advantageous that the acceleration values are read in cyclically. Herein, the value that is greatest in terms of absolute value is held, and its amount is limited. This limiting is carried out within four time windows within which various limitation values are applied. The limited value is then added to the x acceleration value starting at the instant starting from which the limited value enters an applicable time threshold window. The add-ons cease to be performed once the disable instant or the interval time has been reached. If, by a third instant, the maximum value reaches a greater value than the upper threshold, the function stays disabled, because a misuse is present. Moreover, if, by a fourth instant, the maximum values reaches lower values than the lower dynamics threshold, the function is disabled, because a  15  km/h no-fire crash is present. 
     Furthermore, it is also advantageous that a device for carrying out the method according to the present invention is provided, the device having a controller, and acceleration sensors arranged centrally in the vehicle being present, these being used to determine the acceleration in the direction of driving and at right angles to the direction of driving. Herein, the acceleration sensors can be arranged either directly in the x and y directions or at an angle thereto, e.g., an angle of 45 degrees. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the device according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a flow chart for the method according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 3 shows two time diagrams showing assignment of the integrated acceleration value in the y direction and in the x direction. 
     FIG. 4 shows two time diagrams showing, respectively, the y acceleration signal plotted against time and the add-on to the x acceleration signal plotted against time. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Below, x acceleration means acceleration in the direction of driving, and y acceleration means acceleration at right angles to the direction of driving. Misuse means abrupt driving maneuvers or no-fire crashes that are not supposed to deploy the restraints. FIG. 1 is a block diagram representing the device according to the present invention for carrying out the method for deploying a restraint system. Processor  1  of a controller receives, at its two data inputs, signals from acceleration sensors  2  and  3  which are arranged so that they measure the acceleration in the direction of driving, i.e., in the x direction, and at right angles to the direction of driving, i.e., in the y direction. Processor  1  is connected via a data input/output to interface component  4 , which is the interface of the controller. Interface component  4  is connected via second data input/output and via bus  5  to restraint element  6 . Restraint element  6  may include, for example, airbags or seat belt tensioning devices. In FIG. 2, the method according to the present invention for deploying a restraint system having restraint element  6  is shown as a flow chart. In method step  7 , acceleration sensors  2  and  3  measure the acceleration in the x direction and in the y direction, i.e., in the direction of driving and at right angles to the direction of driving. Herein, acceleration sensors  2  and  3  amplify the measured signal, filter it and digitize it. The digital signal is then sent to processor  1  of the controller. 
     In processor  1 , integration of the acceleration signals is carried out in method step  8 . In method step  9 , the acceleration at right angles to the direction of driving, i.e., the y acceleration, is evaluated. If, in method step  10 , it is determined that the y acceleration has taken on values so that an add-on to the x acceleration value is required, processing jumps to method step  11  in which the value of the y acceleration is added on to the x acceleration. If no add-on is required, processing jumps directly to method step  12 , which follows method step  11 . In method step  12 , evaluation of the integrated acceleration in the y direction is carried out. In method step  13 , a check is performed to determine whether or not an add-on to the integrated x acceleration signal is required. If it is required, in method step  14  an add-on in accordance with a given characteristic curve is performed as a function of the integrated y acceleration. Method step  14  is followed by method step  15 , to which processing may also jump directly from method step  13  if no add-on is required. In method step  15 , the acceleration signals in the x direction and the integrated acceleration signals in the x direction are compared with the deployment thresholds, so that in method step  16  a check can be performed to determine whether deployment of restraint element  6  is required. If so, in method step  18  the corresponding restraint element  6  is deployed. This message is sent via interface  4  and bus  5  to restraint means  6 . If, in method step  16 , it was determined that a deployment case is not present, the method ends in method step  17 . The diagram in FIG. 3 shows the instances in which an add-on to the integrated x signal is performed. In particular, the instances in which no add-on is performed and the method according to the present invention is disabled are also shown. In the upper speed-time diagram, the integrated y acceleration signal is shown. Curves  19 ,  20 , and  21  are three different instances of the integrated y acceleration signal. Cases  20  and  21  are cases in which the deployment algorithm is not “sharpened.” “Sharpening” means the deployment threshold is lowered. Curve  20  reaches upper threshold y Dynhigh  before instant t Dyneinschalt1 , because such behavior indicates a high speed collision with a rigid barrier or a misuse. Curve  21  is also a misuse. In this instance, lower threshold Y Dynlow  has not been reached by t Dyneinschalt2 . This indicates that a low-speed collision is present, i.e., a 15 km/hour collision. Curve  19  represents a case in which a collision between 40 and 65 km/h has occurred, resulting in an add-on to the integrated x acceleration signal. Then, at instant t Dynabschalt , the method according to the present invention is disabled. 
     If the x acceleration signal exceeds the noise threshold, the method according to the present invention is enabled. The acceleration values in the y direction are read in cyclically by processor  1  and compared with definable acceleration value K. If the absolute value of the acceleration value in the y direction is greater than the value K, the difference between the two values is calculated. The differences are then successively summed until disable instant t Dynabschalt . Below we refer to the summed values as the dynamics of the y signal. Add-ons to the integrated x acceleration signal are performed as a function of the dynamics of the y signal. The amount of the add-ons is defined by an applicable characteristic curve. The add-ons are performed starting at the instant at which the dynamics enters a definable window. The dynamics are within the times t Dyneinschalt1  and t Dyneinschalt2  and within thresholds y Dynlow  and y Dynhigh . The add-ons cease to be performed once the disable instant t Dynabschalt  has been reached. If the dynamics passes by the window, the function is disabled. The add-ons are performed out starting from the aforementioned instant in time window t Dyneinschalt1  and t Dyneinschalt2 , provided curve  19  has not exceeded y Dynhigh  by t Dyneinschalt1  and threshold y Dynlow  has been exceeded by curve  19  by t Dyneinschalt2 . 
     Thus the parameters than can be set are: t Dyneinschalt1 , t Dyneinschalt2 , y Dynlow , y Dynhigh , t Dynabschalt , value K, and the characteristic curve for the integrator add-on. Curve  22 , which in the lower diagram indicates the integrated x acceleration signal, is increased starting from instant t Dyneinschalt1 , and thus, between t Dyneinschalt2  and t Dynabschalt , reaches a deployment threshold that is indicated in the diagram as ‘Threshold.’ 
     FIG. 4 shows how, in acceleration-time diagrams, the y acceleration signal results in an increase in the x acceleration signal. Curves  23 ,  24 , and  25  indicate three different cases for the acceleration in the y direction, case  23  and case  25  being cases in which the function according to the present invention is disabled. Curve  23  represents a collision involving high speed or misuse, as upper threshold y Acchigh  is reached before instant t Acceinschalt1 ; curve  25  has not reached lower threshold y Acclow  by time t Acceinschalt2 . Thus curve  23  represents a high-speed collision or a severe misuse, and curve  25  represents a collision at 15 km/h. Curve  24 , on the other band, reaches the time threshold window and thus results in an add-on to the x acceleration. The function according to the present invention is not disabled until instant t abschalt . The lower diagram shows the amount by which the x acceleration signal is incremented. 
     Acceleration values AccY central  are read in cyclically. Herein, the value AccY centralholdmax  that is the highest in terms of absolute value is held, and its amount is limited. Limiting is carried out within four time windows, within which limitation values are applied. Limited value AccY centralholdbegrenzt  is then added to the threshold pointer of AccX central  starting at the instant at which AccY centralholdbegrenzt  enters an applicable time threshold window. In the present instance this is instant t Acceinschalt1 . The area that starts at the instant when the x acceleration signal is increased by curve  27  is shaded. Curve  26  indicates the held values of the y acceleration signal. The add-ons cease to be performed once the disable instant or the interval time have been reached. If maximum value AccY centralholdmax  reaches a higher value than the upper threshold by t Acceinschalt1 , the function remains disabled, because a misuse is present, e.g., a hammer blow or a high-speed frontal crash having a large y component. Moreover, if maximum value AccY centralholdmax  reaches values below lower dynamics threshold Acc low  by instant t Acceinschalt2 , the function is disabled, because a 15 km/h no-fire crash is present. Add-ons are performed starting at instant t Acceinschalt1  provided threshold Y Acchigh  has not been exceeded by Acc centralholdmax  by instant t Acceinschalt1  and provided threshold Acc low  has been exceeded by AccY centralholdmax  by t Acceinschalt2 .