Problem:
Binary Search Tree I Search trees are data structures that support dynamic set operations including insert, search, delete and so on. Thus a search tree can be used both as a dictionary and as a priority queue. Binary search tree is one of fundamental search trees. The keys in a binary search tree are always stored in such a way as to satisfy the following binary search tree property:  Let $x$ be a node in a binary search tree. If $y$ is a node in the left subtree of $x$, then $y.key \leq x.key$. If $y$ is a node in the right subtree of $x$, then $x.key \leq y.key$.  The following figure shows an example of the binary search tree.   For example, keys of nodes which belong to the left sub-tree of the node containing 80 are less than or equal to 80, and keys of nodes which belong to the right sub-tree are more than or equal to 80. The binary search tree property allows us to print out all the keys in the tree in sorted order by an inorder tree walk. A binary search tree should be implemented in such a way that the binary search tree property continues to hold after modifications by insertions and deletions. A binary search tree can be represented by a linked data structure in which each node is an object. In addition to a key field and satellite data, each node contains fields left , right , and p that point to the nodes corresponding to its left child, its right child, and its parent, respectively. To insert a new value $v$ into a binary search tree $T$, we can use the procedure insert as shown in the following pseudo code. The insert procedure is passed a node $z$ for which $z.key = v$, $z.left = NIL$, and $z.right = NIL$. The procedure modifies $T$ and some of the fields of $z$ in such a way that $z$ is inserted into an appropriate position in the tree. 1 insert(T, z)
2     y = NIL // parent of x
3     x = 'the root of T'
4     while x ≠ NIL
5         y = x // set the parent
6         if z.key < x.key
7             x = x.left // move to the left child
8         else 
9             x = x.right // move to the right child
10    z.p = y
11
12    if y == NIL // T is empty
13        'the root of T' = z
14    else if z.key < y.key
15        y.left = z // z is the left child of y
16    else 
17        y.right = z // z is the right child of y Write a program which performs the following operations to a binary search tree $T$.  insert $k$: Insert a node containing $k$ as key into $T$.  print : Print the keys of the binary search tree by inorder tree walk and  preorder tree walk respectively.  You should use the above pseudo code to implement the insert operation. $T$ is empty at the initial state. Input In the first line, the number of operations $m$ is given. In the following $m$ lines, operations represented by insert $k$ or print are given. Output For each print operation, print a list of keys obtained by inorder tree walk and preorder tree walk in a line respectively. Put a space character before each key . Constraints  The number of operations $\leq 500,000$  The number of print operations $\leq 10$.  $-2,000,000,000 \leq key \leq 2,000,000,000$  The height of the binary tree does not exceed 100 if you employ the above pseudo code.  The keys in the binary search tree are all different.  Sample Input 1 8
insert 30
insert 88
insert 12
insert 1
insert 20
insert 17
insert 25
print Sample Output 1 1 12 17 20 25 30 88
 30 12 1 20 17 25 88 Reference Introduction to Algorithms, Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. The MIT Press.

Solution (Python):

class Node:
    def __init__(self,point):
        self.n=point
        self.left=None
        self.right=None
        
def insert(t,z):
    y=None
    x=t
    while x!=None:
        y=x
        if z.n<x.n:
            x=x.left
        else:
            x=x.right
    if y==None:
        return z
    else:
        if z.n<y.n:
            y.left=z
        else:
            y.right=z
        return t

def Pre(t,l):
    l.append(str(t.n))
    if t.left!=None:
        Pre(t.left,l)
    if t.right!=None:
        Pre(t.right,l)

def In(t,l):
    if t.left!=None:
        In(t.left,l)
    l.append(str(t.n))
    if t.right!=None:
        In(t.right,l)

def BST1(A,n):
    tree=None
    for i in range(n):
        if A[i]=="print":
            PreAns=[]
            InAns=[]
            Pre(tree,PreAns)
            In(tree,InAns)
            print(" "+" ".join(InAns))
            print(" "+" ".join(PreAns))
        else:
            z=Node(int(A[i].split(" ")[1]))
            tree=insert(tree,z)
            
if __name__=="__main__":
    n=int(input())
    A=[]
    for i in range(n):
        A.append(input())
    BST1(A,n)

Solution (Python):



"""
input:
8
insert 30
insert 88
insert 12
insert 1
insert 20
insert 17
insert 25
print

output: in_order + pre_order
1 12 17 20 25 30 88
30 12 1 20 17 25 88

"""

import sys


class Node(object):
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left, self.right = None, None

    def insert(self, data):
        """
        insert data according to BST rules
        """
        if data < self.data:
            if self.left is None:
                self.left = Node(data)
            else:
                self.left.insert(data)
        else:
            if self.right is None:
                self.right = Node(data)
            else:
                self.right.insert(data)

        return None

    def pre_order(self, node):
        if node is not None:
            print('', node.data, end='')
            self.pre_order(node.left)
            self.pre_order(node.right)
        return None

    def in_order(self, node):
        if node is not None:
            self.in_order(node.left)
            print('', node.data, end='')
            self.in_order(node.right)
        return None


def action(command, content):
    if command.startswith('in'):
        tree_root.insert(data=int(content))

    if command.startswith('pr'):
        tree_root.in_order(node=tree_root)
        print('')
        tree_root.pre_order(node=tree_root)
        print('')

    return None


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    array_length = int(_input[0])
    command_list = list(map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:]))
    
    

    flag, tree_root = False, None
    for each in command_list:
        command, content = each[0], each[-1]
        if (not flag) and command.startswith('in'):
            tree_root = Node(data=int(content))
            flag = True
            continue
        action(command=command, content=content)

Solution (Python):



"""
input:
8
insert 30
insert 88
insert 12
insert 1
insert 20
insert 17
insert 25
print

output: in_order + pre_order
1 12 17 20 25 30 88
30 12 1 20 17 25 88

"""

import sys


class Node(object):
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left, self.right = None, None

    def insert(self, data):
        """
        insert data according to BST rules
        """
        if data < self.data:
            if self.left is None:
                self.left = Node(data)
            else:
                self.left.insert(data)
        else:
            if self.right is None:
                self.right = Node(data)
            else:
                self.right.insert(data)

        return None


def pre_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        print('', node.data, end='')
        pre_order(node.left)
        pre_order(node.right)
    return None


def in_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        in_order(node.left)
        print('', node.data, end='')
        in_order(node.right)
    return None


def action(command, content):
    if command[0] == 'i':
        tree_root.insert(data=int(content))

    elif command[0] == 'p':
        in_order(tree_root)
        print('')
        pre_order(tree_root)
        print('')

    return None


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    array_length = int(_input[0])
    command_list = list(map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:]))
    
    

    flag, tree_root = False, None
    for each in command_list:
        command, content = each[0], each[-1]
        if (not flag) and command.startswith('in'):
            tree_root = Node(data=int(content))
            flag = True
            continue
        action(command=command, content=content)

Solution (Python):



"""
input:
9
insert 30
insert 88
insert 12
insert 1
print
insert 20
insert 17
insert 25
print

output: in_order + pre_order
1 12 17 20 25 30 88
30 12 1 20 17 25 88

"""

import sys


class Node(object):
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left, self.right = None, None

    def insert(self, data):
        """
        insert data according to BST rules
        """
        if data < self.data:
            if self.left is None:
                self.left = Node(data)
            else:
                self.left.insert(data)
        else:
            if self.right is None:
                self.right = Node(data)
            else:
                self.right.insert(data)

        return None

        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        


def inorder(node):
    """
    ????????????????????????????????¨?????°

    :param node: ??????????????????Node ????±?
    :return:
    """

    if node.left:
        yield from inorder(node.left)
    yield node.data
    if node.right:
        yield from inorder(node.right)


def preorder(node):
    """
    ????????????????????????????????¨?????°

    :param node: ??????????????????Node ????±?
    """

    yield node.data

    for n in [node.left, node.right]:
        if n:
            
            
            
            
            yield from preorder(n)


















def action(command, content):
    if command[0] == 'i':
        tree_root.insert(data=int(content))

    elif command[0] == 'p':
        print('', *inorder(node=tree_root))
        print('', *preorder(node=tree_root))
        
        
        

    return None


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    array_length = int(_input[0])
    command_list = list(map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:]))
    
    

    flag, tree_root = False, None
    for each in command_list:
        command, content = each[0], each[-1]
        if (not flag) and command.startswith('in'):
            tree_root = Node(data=int(content))
            flag = True
            continue
        action(command=command, content=content)

Solution (Python):



"""
input:
9
insert 30
insert 88
insert 12
insert 1
print
insert 20
insert 17
insert 25
print

output: in_order + pre_order
1 12 17 20 25 30 88
30 12 1 20 17 25 88

"""

import sys


class Node(object):
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left, self.right = None, None

    def insert(self, data):
        """
        insert data according to BST rules
        """
        if data < self.data:
            if self.left is None:
                self.left = Node(data)
            else:
                self.left.insert(data)
        else:
            if self.right is None:
                self.right = Node(data)
            else:
                self.right.insert(data)

        return None

        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        


def inorder(node):
    """
    ????????????????????????????????¨?????°

    :param node: ??????????????????Node ????±?
    :return:
    """

    if node.left:
        yield from inorder(node.left)
    yield node.data
    if node.right:
        yield from inorder(node.right)


def preorder(node):
    """
    ????????????????????????????????¨?????°

    :param node: ??????????????????Node ????±?
    """

    yield node.data

    for n in [node.left, node.right]:
        if n:
            
            
            
            
            yield from preorder(n)


















def action(command, content):
    if command[0] == 'i':
        tree_root.insert(data=int(content))

    elif command[0] == 'p':
        print('', *inorder(node=tree_root))
        print('', *preorder(node=tree_root))
        
        
        

    return None


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    array_length = int(_input[0])
    command_list = list(map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:]))
    
    

    flag, tree_root = False, None
    for each in command_list:
        command, content = each[0], each[-1]
        if (not flag) and command.startswith('in'):
            tree_root = Node(data=int(content))
            flag = True
            continue
        action(command=command, content=content)

Solution (Python):



"""
input:
9
insert 30
insert 88
insert 12
insert 1
print
insert 20
insert 17
insert 25
print

output: in_order + pre_order
1 12 17 20 25 30 88
30 12 1 20 17 25 88

"""

import sys


class Node(object):
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left, self.right = None, None

    def insert(self, data):
        """
        insert data according to BST rules
        """
        if data < self.data:
            if self.left is None:
                self.left = Node(data)
            else:
                self.left.insert(data)
        else:
            if self.right is None:
                self.right = Node(data)
            else:
                self.right.insert(data)

        return None

        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        
        


def inorder(node):
    """
    ????????????????????????????????¨?????°

    :param node: ??????????????????Node ????±?
    :return:
    """

    if node.left:
        yield from inorder(node.left)
    yield node.data
    if node.right:
        yield from inorder(node.right)


def preorder(node):
    """
    ????????????????????????????????¨?????°

    :param node: ??????????????????Node ????±?
    """

    yield node.data

    for n in [node.left, node.right]:
        if n:
            
            
            
            
            yield from preorder(n)


















def action(command, content):
    if command[0] == 'i':
        tree_root.insert(data=int(content))

    elif command[0] == 'p':
        print('', *inorder(node=tree_root))
        print('', *preorder(node=tree_root))
        
        
        

    return None


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    array_length = int(_input[0])
    command_list = list(map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:]))
    
    

    flag, tree_root = False, None
    for each in command_list:
        command, content = each[0], each[-1]
        if (not flag) and command.startswith('in'):
            tree_root = Node(data=int(content))
            flag = True
            continue
        action(command=command, content=content)

Solution (Python):



"""
input:
8
insert 30
insert 88
insert 12
insert 1
insert 20
insert 17
insert 25
print

output: in_order + pre_order
1 12 17 20 25 30 88
30 12 1 20 17 25 88

def pre_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        print('', node.data, end='')
        pre_order(node.left)
        pre_order(node.right)
    return None


def in_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        in_order(node.left)
        print('', node.data, end='')
        in_order(node.right)
    return None

"""

import sys


class Node(object):
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left, self.right = None, None

    def insert(self, data):
        """
        insert data according to BST rules
        """
        if data < self.data:
            if self.left is None:
                self.left = Node(data)
            else:
                self.left.insert(data)
        else:
            if self.right is None:
                self.right = Node(data)
            else:
                self.right.insert(data)

        return None

    def tree_data(self):
        """
        ???????????°?????????
        """
        stack = []
        node = self
        while stack or node:
            if node:
                stack.append(node)
                node = node.left
            else:
                node = stack.pop()
                yield node.data
                node = node.right


def pre_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        print('', node.data, end='')
        pre_order(node.left)
        pre_order(node.right)
    return None


def action(command, content):
    if command[0] == 'i':
        tree_root.insert(data=int(content))

    elif command[0] == 'p':
        print('', *tree_root.tree_data())
        pre_order(tree_root)
        print('')

    return None


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    array_length = int(_input[0])
    command_list = list(map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:]))
    
    

    flag, tree_root = False, None
    for each in command_list:
        command, content = each[0], each[-1]
        if (not flag) and command.startswith('in'):
            tree_root = Node(data=int(content))
            flag = True
            continue
        action(command=command, content=content)

Solution (Python):



"""
input:
8
insert 30
insert 88
insert 12
insert 1
insert 20
insert 17
insert 25
print

output: in_order + pre_order
1 12 17 20 25 30 88
30 12 1 20 17 25 88

def pre_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        print('', node.data, end='')
        pre_order(node.left)
        pre_order(node.right)
    return None


def in_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        in_order(node.left)
        print('', node.data, end='')
        in_order(node.right)
    return None

 def tree_data(self):
        stack = []
        node = self
        while stack or node:
            if node:
                stack.append(node)
                node = node.left
            else:
                node = stack.pop()
                yield node.data
                node = node.right
"""

import sys


class Node(object):
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left, self.right = None, None

    def insert(self, data):
        """
        insert data according to BST rules
        """
        if data < self.data:
            if self.left is None:
                self.left = Node(data)
            else:
                self.left.insert(data)
        else:
            if self.right is None:
                self.right = Node(data)
            else:
                self.right.insert(data)

        return None


def in_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        in_order(node.left)
        print('', node.data, end='')
        in_order(node.right)
    return None


def pre_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        print('', node.data, end='')
        pre_order(node.left)
        pre_order(node.right)
    return None


def action(command, content):
    if command[0] == 'i':
        tree_root.insert(data=int(content))

    elif command[0] == 'p':
        in_order(tree_root)
        print('')
        pre_order(tree_root)
        print('')

    return None


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    array_length = int(_input[0])
    command_list = list(map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:]))
    
    

    flag, tree_root = False, None
    for each in command_list:
        command, content = each[0], each[-1]
        if (not flag) and command.startswith('in'):
            tree_root = Node(data=int(content))
            flag = True
            continue
        action(command=command, content=content)

Solution (Python):



"""
input:
8
insert 30
insert 88
insert 12
insert 1
insert 20
insert 17
insert 25
print

output: in_order + pre_order
1 12 17 20 25 30 88
30 12 1 20 17 25 88

def tree_data(self):
    stack = []
    node = self
    while stack or node:
        if node:
            stack.append(node)
            node = node.left
        else:
            node = stack.pop()
            yield node.data
            node = node.right
"""

import sys


class Node(object):
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left, self.right = None, None

    def insert(self, data):
        """
        insert data according to BST rules
        """
        if data < self.data:
            if self.left is None:
                self.left = Node(data)
            else:
                self.left.insert(data)
        else:
            if self.right is None:
                self.right = Node(data)
            else:
                self.right.insert(data)

        return None


def in_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        in_order(node.left)
        print('', node.data, end='')
        in_order(node.right)
    return None


def pre_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        print('', node.data, end='')
        pre_order(node.left)
        pre_order(node.right)
    return None


def action(command, content):
    if command[0] == 'i':
        tree_root.insert(data=int(content))

    elif command[0] == 'p':
        in_order(tree_root)
        print('')
        pre_order(tree_root)
        print('')

    return None


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    array_length = int(_input[0])
    command_list = list(map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:]))
    
    

    flag, tree_root = True, None
    for each in command_list:
        command, content = each[0], each[-1]
        if flag and command[0] == 'i':
            tree_root = Node(data=int(content))
            flag = False
            continue
        action(command=command, content=content)

Solution (Python):



"""
input:
8
insert 30
insert 88
insert 12
insert 1
insert 20
insert 17
insert 25
print

output: in_order + pre_order
1 12 17 20 25 30 88
30 12 1 20 17 25 88

"""

import sys


class Node(object):
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left, self.right = None, None

    def insert(self, data):
        """
        insert data according to BST rules
        """
        if data < self.data:
            if self.left is None:
                self.left = Node(data)
            else:
                self.left.insert(data)
        else:
            if self.right is None:
                self.right = Node(data)
            else:
                self.right.insert(data)

        return None


def pre_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        print('', node.data, end='')
        pre_order(node.left)
        pre_order(node.right)
    return None


def in_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        in_order(node.left)
        print('', node.data, end='')
        in_order(node.right)
    return None


def action(command, content):
    if command.startswith('in'):
        tree_root.insert(int(content))

    
    else:
        in_order(tree_root)
        print('')
        pre_order(tree_root)
        print('')

    return None


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    array_length = int(_input[0])
    command_list = list(map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:]))
    
    

    flag, tree_root = False, None
    for each in command_list:
        command, content = each[0], each[-1]
        if (not flag) and command.startswith('in'):
            tree_root = Node(data=int(content))
            flag = True
            continue
        action(command, content)

Solution (Python):



"""
input:
8
insert 30
insert 88
insert 12
insert 1
insert 20
insert 17
insert 25
print

output: in_order + pre_order
 1 12 17 20 25 30 88
 30 12 1 20 17 25 88

"""

import sys


class Node(object):
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left, self.right = None, None

    def insert(self, data):
        """
        insert data according to BST rules
        """
        if data < self.data:
            if not self.left:
                self.left = Node(data)
            else:
                self.left.insert(data)
        
        else:
            if not self.right:
                self.right = Node(data)
            else:
                self.right.insert(data)

        return self.data


def pre_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        print('', node.data, end='')
        pre_order(node.left)
        pre_order(node.right)
    return None


def in_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        in_order(node.left)
        print('', node.data, end='')
        in_order(node.right)
    return None


def action(command, content):
    if command.startswith('in'):
        tree_root.insert(int(content))
    
    else:
        in_order(tree_root)
        print('')
        pre_order(tree_root)
        print('')

    return None


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    array_length = int(_input[0])
    command_list = list(map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:]))
    

    flag, tree_root = False, None
    for each in command_list:
        command, content = each[0], each[-1]
        if (not flag) and command.startswith('in'):
            tree_root = Node(data=int(content))
            flag = True
            continue
        action(command, content)

Solution (Python):



"""
input:
8
insert 30
insert 88
insert 12
insert 1
insert 20
insert 17
insert 25
print

output: in_order + pre_order
 1 12 17 20 25 30 88
 30 12 1 20 17 25 88

"""

import sys


class Node(object):
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left, self.right = None, None

    def insert(self, data):
        """
        insert data according to BST rules
        """
        if data < self.data:
            if not self.left:
                self.left = Node(data)
            else:
                self.left.insert(data)
        
        else:
            if not self.right:
                self.right = Node(data)
            else:
                self.right.insert(data)

        return self.data


def pre_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        print('', node.data, end='')
        pre_order(node.left)
        pre_order(node.right)
    return None


def in_order(node):
    if node is not None:
        in_order(node.left)
        print('', node.data, end='')
        in_order(node.right)
    return None


def action(command, content):
    if command.startswith('in'):
        tree_root.insert(int(content))
    
    else:
        in_order(tree_root)
        print('')
        pre_order(tree_root)
        print('')

    return None


if __name__ == '__main__':
    _input = sys.stdin.readlines()
    array_length = int(_input[0])
    command_list = list(map(lambda x: x.split(), _input[1:]))
    

    flag, tree_root = False, None
    for each in command_list:
        command, content = each[0], each[-1]
        if (not flag) and command.startswith('in'):
            tree_root = Node(data=int(content))
            flag = True
            continue
        action(command, content)

Solution (Python):



def insert(root, insert_node):
    focus_node = root
    parent = None
    while not focus_node == None:
        parent = focus_node
        if focus_node["data"]  > insert_node["data"]:
            focus_node = focus_node["left"]
        else:
            focus_node = focus_node["right"]

    if parent["data"] > insert_node["data"]:
        parent["left"] = insert_node
    else:
        parent["right"] = insert_node

def get_preorder(node):
    if node == None:
        return []
    r = []
    r.append(str(node["data"]))
    r.extend(get_preorder(node["left"]))
    r.extend(get_preorder(node["right"]))

    return r
    
def get_inorder(node):
    if node == None:
        return []
    r = []
    r.extend(get_inorder(node["left"]))
    r.append(str(node["data"]))
    r.extend(get_inorder(node["right"]))

    return r
def print_tree(root):
    print(" " + " ".join(get_inorder(root)))
    print(" " + " ".join(get_preorder(root)))
    
def main():
    
    n_line = int(input())
    input_list = [input() for i in range(n_line)]
    root = {"left":None, "right": None, "data":int(input_list[0].split()[1])}

    for line in input_list[1:]:
        if line == "print":
            print_tree(root)
        else:
            node = {"left":None, "right": None, "data":int(line.split()[1])}
            insert(root, node)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()