hyperplane that describes the data manifold so that it's able to put back to distortions around the hyperplane back to the correct and like back to the data manifold and that way it uncovers the shape of the data manifold by operating at these local hyper planes at every individual point so here is the loss function of the denoising auto-encoder you can clearly see that there is a version where you can use the reconstruction error for the available pixels which are not having any noise and the reconstruction error for the