optimizer is not perfect and it can suffer from overfitting if the training data is limited and it doesn't learn to generalize very well from that training data so far I've described everything in terms of a minimax game where there's a single value function and one player tries to maximize it and the other player tries to minimize it we can actually make the game a little bit more complicated where each player has its own independently parameterised cost so in all the different versions of the game we pretty much always want the