people think right so the idea is that you give me an examples from a distribution I would like to find a good prediction function on these examples I have some loss function that I believe is a reasonable thing that I would like to minimize an expected value meaning that if I have some new thing that comes from this distributions I'd like to be able to do well that's not known and so what you do instead is you replace it with the sample average and the empirical risk and you minimize this and like the only thing we're allowed to do