to well this is just a wall of text so what you could do is you could just basically cluster the data like who says you can't use clustering algorithms but then the question is what what do you cluster them by like you need a distance so if I have points in 2d it sort of makes sense to use the Euclidean distance here but if I have images of cats and dogs and whatnot then the Euclidean distance between the pixels is really not a good a good thing but also so you might think we could actually we could you use a deep neural network and