ignore the softmax that doesn't really enter into any of the the discussions I'm gonna bring up but we're interested in the mapping through all the layers of the network the this affine mapping formula applies no matter where you are in the network you'll just have different A's and B's but we're interested in the one from the input to the very output okay from the input to the very output well you can develop closed-form formulas for this map particularly for a continent this is what the a the a matrix looks like this