kind of like this but you can also imagine this in terms of dot products because we operate in the space of dot products so if the patterns are well separated that sort of means that they all kind of sort of point away from each other and this notion of separation is going to be captured by this quantity right here this is the separation of example of pattern i which is just the inner product with itself uh minus the maximum inner product with any other uh pattern and this quantity is going to be large when no