In 2016, JAMA published research demonstrating the efficacy of a deep learning algorithm. We were able to train a deep learning neural network to recapitulate the majority decision of 7 or 8 US board certified ophthalmologists in the task of grading for a diabetic retinopathy. The type of deep learning algorithm used to detect diabetic retinopathy in that study is called a Convolutional Neural Network, or CNN. CNNs enable computer systems to analyze and classify data. When applied to images, CNNs can recognize that an image shows a dog rather than a cat.