pre training stage without any fine-tuning so in practice mammal is certainly training for like fine-tuned ability to a new task and so I'm practice you really do need to actually fine-tune it to a test task although perhaps if you only care about getting good features and maybe the features learned by the method are something that is reasonable okay so some intermediate takeaways of these different approaches one of the benefits of things like blackbox approaches is that they are easy to combine with a variety of