 narciso monturiol i estarriol, also narcÃ­s monturiol i estarriol (; 28 september 1819 â 6 september 1885) was a spanish intellectual, artist and engineer. he was the inventor of the first air independent and combustion engine driven submarine. ==biography== monturiol i estarriol was born in the city of figueres, catalonia, spain. he was the son of a cooper. monturiol went to high school in cervera and got a law degree in barcelona in 1845. he solved the fundamental problems of underwater navigation. in effect, monturiol invented the first fully functional submarine.cargill hall, r. (1986). history of rocketry and astronautics: proceedings of the third through the sixth history symposia of the international academy of astronautics, volumen 1. nasa conference publication. american astronautical society by univelt, p. 85. isbn 0-87703-260-2a steam powered submarine: the ictÃ­neo low-tech magazine, 24 august 2008 monturiol never practiced law, instead turning his talents to writing and publishing, setting up a publishing company in 1846, the same year he married his wife emilia. he produced a series of journals and pamphlets espousing his radical beliefs in feminism, pacifism, and utopian communism. he also founded the newspaper la madre de familia, in which he promised "to defend women from the tyranny of men" and la fraternidad, spain's first communist newspaper. monturiol's friendship with abdÃ³ terrades led him to join the republican party and his circle of friends included such names as musician josep anselm clavÃ©, and engineer and reformist ildefons cerdÃ . monturiol also became an enthusiastic follower of the utopian thinker and socialist Ãtienne cabet; he popularised cabet's ideas through la fraternidad and produced a spanish translation of his novel voyage en icarie. a circle formed round la fraternidad raised enough money for one of them to travel to cabet's utopian community, icaria. following the revolutions of 1848, one of his publications was suppressed by the government and he was forced into a brief exile in france. when he returned to barcelona in 1849, the government curtailed his publishing activities, and he turned h
1819_births 1885_deaths Catalan_engineers Catalan_inventors Spanish_inventors Submarine_pioneers