thumb|300px|right|victory aircraft lancaster x, named the "mynarski memorial lancaster" victory aircraft limited was a canadian manufacturing company that, during the second world war, built mainly british-designed aircraft under license. it acted as a shadow factory, safe from the reach of german bombers. initially the major wartime contract to manufacture avro lancaster heavy bombers was to go to the national steel car ltd. headquartered in hamilton, utilizing the malton, ontario factory (near today's toronto pearson international airport). national steel car was already producing westland lysander aircraft and involved as a subcontractor in the manufacture of hawker hurricane fighters, avro anson trainers and handley page hampden bombers. questions arising as to the company's abililty to manage the project led to the government's expropriation of the plant on 4 november 1942 and the setting up of the crown corporation, victory aircraft limited, incorporated under the department of munitions and supply act, 1940 c.31. j.p. bickell, one of c.d. howe's "dollar-a-year men" headed victory aircraft ltd. as president and chairman of the board. == wartime production == although originally designated to produce the martin b-26 marauder medium bomber, the malton plant received a contract on 18 september 1941 to build the avro lancaster mk x heavy bomber. when the first drawings arrived in january 1942, the complexity of the project seemed daunting. some 500,000 manufacturing operations were involved in manufacturing over 55,000 separate components that went into a lancaster (excluding engines and turrets and small items such as rivets, nuts and bolts). == avro lancaster x == a lancaster mk i (r5727) from avro aircraft (uk) was flown across the atlantic in august 1942, to act as a "pattern" aircraft for production. differences between the british lancasters and the canadian built versions (known as the mk x) revolved around engines, instruments and radio equipment being manufactured in canada or the united states instead of england. the rolls-royce merlin engines were the same design, but manufactured by packard in the united states. a later series lancaster mk x replaced the original frazer-nash fn 50 mid-upper turret with a us-made martin 250ce turret moved to a new location farther back on the upper fuselage due to differences in weight between that unit and the original turret. all major sub-assemblies of the canadian lancasters were interchangeable with the british versions so that in the event of damage, spare parts were immediately at hand. initially, all components were built at malton except for the bomb doors, flaps, ailerons and elevators, that were produced by ottawa car & aircraft ltd. later, more of t
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