  {| |} the sukhoi su-25 (nato reporting name: "frogfoot") is a single-seat, twin-engine jet aircraft developed in the soviet union by the sukhoi design bureau. it was designed to provide close air support for the soviet ground forces. the first prototype made its maiden flight on 22 february 1975. after testing, the aircraft went into series production in 1978 at tbilisi in the soviet republic of georgia. russian air and ground forces nicknamed it "gratch" ("rook"). early variants included the su-25ub two-seat trainer, the su-25bm for target-towing, and the su-25k for export customers. some aircraft were being upgraded to su-25sm standard in 2012. the su-25t and the su-25tm (also known as the su-39) were further developments, not produced in significant numbers. the su-25, and the su-34, were the only armoured, fixed-wing aircraft in production in 2007.gordon and dawes 2004. su-25s are in service with russia, other cis states, and export customers. the type has seen combat in several conflicts during its more than 30 years in service. it was heavily involved in the soviet war in afghanistan, flying counter-insurgency missions against the mujahideen. the iraqi air force employed su-25s against iran during the 1980â88 iranâiraq war. most were later destroyed or flown to iran in the 1991 persian gulf war. abkhazian separatists used su-25s during the abkhazian war from 1992 to 1993. the macedonian air force used su-25s against albanian insurgents in the 2001 macedonia conflict and, in 2008, georgia and russia both used su-25s in the russo-georgian war. african states, including the ivory coast, chad, and sudan have used the su-25 in local insurgencies and civil wars. {{toc limit|limit=3
1981_introductions Anti-tank_aircraft Carrier-based_aircraft Soviet_attack_aircraft_1970a1979 Sukhoi_aircraft