right|thumb|265px|the æ´æ¸ luÃ²shÅ«.  lo shu square (; also written éæ¸; literally: luo (river) book/scroll), or the nine halls diagram (), is the unique normal magic square of order three (every normal magic square of order three is obtained from the lo shu by rotation or reflection). lo shu is part of the legacy of the most ancient chinese mathematical and divinatory (yi jing æç¶) traditions, and is an important emblem in feng shui (é¢¨æ°´), the art of geomancy concerned with the placement of objects in relation to the flow of qi (æ°£) "natural energy". chinese legends concerning the pre-historic emperor yu (å¤ç¦¹) tell of the lo shu, often in connection with the ho tu (æ²³å) figure and 8 trigrams. in ancient china there was a huge deluge: the people offered sacrifices to the god of one of the flooding rivers, the luo river (æ´æ²³), to try to calm his anger. a magical turtle emerged from the water with the curious and decidedly unnatural (for a turtle shell) lo shu pattern on its shell: circular dots giving unary (base 1) representations of the integers one through nine are arranged in a three-by-three grid.  the odd and even numbers alternate in the periphery of the lo shu pattern; the 4 even numbers are at the four corners, and the 5 odd numbers (outnumbering the even numbers by one) form a cross in the center of the square. the sums in each of the 3 rows, in each of the 3 columns, and in both diagonals, are all 15 (the number of days in each of the 24 cycles of the chinese solar year). since 5 is in the center cell, the sum of any two other cells that are directly through the 5 from each other is 10 (e.g., opposite corners add up to 10, the number of the ho tu (æ²³å)). the lo shu is sometimes connected numerologically with the ba gua å«å¦ "8 trigrams", which can be arranged in the 8 outer cells, reminiscent of circular trigram diagrams. because north is placed at the bottom of maps in china, the 3x3 magic square having number 1 at the bottom and 9 at the top is used in preference to the other rotations/reflections. as seen in the "later heaven" arrangement, 1 and 9 correspond with âµ kÇ
Magic_squares