thumb|a high school class in cape town, south africa outcome-based education (obe) is an educational theory that bases each part of an educational system around goals (outcomes). by the end of the educational experience each student should have achieved the goal. there is no specified style of teaching or assessment in obe instead classes, opportunities, and assessments should all be based around helping students achieve the specified outcomes. outcome-based methods have been adopted in education systems around the world, at multiple levels. australia and south africa adopted obe policies in the early 1990s but have since been phased out. the united states has had an obe program in place since 1994 that has been adapted over the years. in 2005 hong kong adopted an outcome based approach for its universities. malaysia implemented obe in all of their public schools systems in 2008. the european union has proposed an education shift to focus on outcomes, across the eu. in an international effort to accept obe the washington accord was created in 1989, it is an agreement to accept undergraduate engineering degrees that were obtained using obe methods. as of 2014 the signatories australia, canada, taiwan, hong kong, india, ireland, japan, korea, malaysia, new zealand, russia, singapore, south africa, sri lanka, turkey, the united kingdom and the united states. ==differences from traditional education methods== in a traditional education system, students are given grades and rankings compared to each other. content and performance expectations are based primarily on what was taught in the past to students of a given age. the goal of traditional education was to present the knowledge and skills of an older generation to the new generation of students, and to provide students with an environment in which to learn. the process paid little attention (beyond the classroom teacher) to whether or not students learn any of the material."the harmful effects of algorithms in grades 1--4", by constance kamii & ann dominick in the teaching and learning of algorithms in school mathematics (nctm yearbook, 1998):"the teaching of algorithms is based on the erroneous assumption that mathematics is a cultural heritage that must be transmitted to the next generation." (p.132) ==benefits of obe== ===clarity=== the focus on outcomes creates a clear expec
Critical_pedagogy Curricula Education_reform Pedagogy Performance_management Philosophy_of_education Standards-based_education