 kazimierz jerzy skrzypna-twardowski (20 october 1866 â 11 february 1938) was a polish philosopher and logician. ==life== twardowski's family belonged to the ogoÅczyk coat-of-arms. twardowski studied philosophy in vienna with franz brentano and robert zimmermann. in 1892 he received his doctorate with his dissertation, idee und perzeption (idea and perception), and in 1894 he presented his habilitation thesis, zur lehre vom inhalt und gegenstand der vorstellungen (on the doctrine of the content and object of presentations). he originated many novel ideas related to metaphilosophy. he lectured in vienna in the years 1894â95, then was appointed professor at lwÃ³w (lemberg in austrian galicia), (now lviv in the ukraine). an outstanding lecturer, he was also a rector of the lwÃ³w university during world war i. there twardowski established the lwÃ³w-warsaw school of logic and also became the "father of polish logic", beginning the tradition of scientific philosophy in poland. among his students were the logicians stanisÅaw leÅniewski, jan Åukasiewicz and tadeusz czeÅ¼owski, the historian of philosophy wÅadysÅaw tatarkiewicz, the phenomenologist and aesthetician roman ingarden, as well as philosophers close to the vienna circle such as tadeusz kotarbiÅski and kazimierz ajdukiewicz. ==content and object== in his on the content and object of presentations, twardowski argues for a distinction between content and object in the frame of the theory of intentionality of his teacher franz brentano. according to him the mind is divided in two main areas: acts or mental phenomena, and a physical phenomenon. for example an act of presentation is aimed at a presentation. this is what he called âintentionalityâ, aboutness. every act is about something, but also every presentation goes together with an act of presentation. this theory suffers from the problem that it is not clear what the presentation exactly is. is the presentation something only in th
1866_births 1938_deaths 19th-century_philosophers 20th-century_philosophers Members_of_the_LwA3w_Scientific_Society People_from_Vienna Polish_logicians Polish_philosophers University_of_Lviv_alumni