 ==africa== *kingdom of baguirmi â birni besse (1522&ndash;1536) *ethiopian empire â dawit ii (1508&ndash;1540) *kingdom of kongo â alfonso i, manikongo (1509&ndash;1542) *sennar sultanate â amara dunqas (1503&ndash;1533/4) *songhai empire â *#askia musa, askia of the songhai empire (1528&ndash;1531) *#askia mohammad benkan, askia of the songhai empire (1531&ndash;1537) ==americas== *inca empire â huÃ¡scar (1527&ndash;1532) ==asia== *ahmadnagar sultanate â burhan shah i (1510â1553) *ahom kingdom â suhungmung(1497â1539) *china (ming dynasty) - jiajing emperor (1521&ndash;1567) *kingdom of cochin â unniraman koyikal ii (1503â1537) * japan (sengoku period) ** monarch â emperor go-nara (1526&ndash;1557) ** ashikaga shogunate - ashikaga yoshiharu (1521&ndash;1546) *kengtung â hpaya kiao, ruled (1523â1560) *joseon (korea) â jungjong (1506&ndash;1544) *moghulistan â sultan said khan (1514â1533) *mughal empire â humayun (1530â1539) *sultanate of maguindanao â sharif kabungsuwan (1520â1543) *persia (safavid empire) - tahmasp i (1525â1576) *ryukyu kingdom â shÅ sei (1527&ndash;1555) *sultanate of sulu â muizzul-mutawadi-in (1527â1548) *tibet (phagmodrupa dynasty) â ngawang tashi drakpa (1499â1564) *vijayanagara empire â achyuta deva raya (1529&ndash;1542) ==europe== *astrakhan khanate â qasim ii of astrakhan (1504â1532) *crimean khanate â saadet i giray (1524â1532) *kingdom of denmarkânorway â frederick i (1523&ndash;1533) **duchy of schleswig â christian iii (1523&ndash;1559) and frederick i (1490&ndash;1533) in condominial rule *kingdom of england â henry viii (1509&ndash;1547) *kingdom of france â francis i (1515&ndash;1547) *holy roman empire â charles v (1519&ndash;1556) **duchy of holstein â christian iii (1523&ndash;1559) and frederick i (1490&ndash;1533) in condominial rule **duchy of mantua â federico ii (1500&ndash;1540) **duchy of milan â francesco ii sforza (1525â1535) **[[duchy of savoy
1531 1531_in_international_relations 16th-century_rulers Lists_of_state_leaders_by_year