  a face transplant is a medical procedure to replace all or part of a person's face. the world's first partial face transplant on a living human was carried out in france in 2005. the world's first full face transplant was completed in spain in 2010. turkey,http://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/206489--turkish-success-in-face-transplant france, united states and spain (in order of total number of successful face transplants performed) are considered the leading countries in face transplant in the world. ==beneficiaries of face transplant== people with faces disfigured by trauma, burns, disease, or birth defects might aesthetically benefit from the procedure. professor peter butler at the royal free hospital first suggested this approach in treating people with facial disfigurement in a lancet article in 2002.face transplantationâfantasy or the future? lancet 360:5â6; 2002. this suggestion caused considerable debate at the time concerning the ethics of this procedure. an alternative to a face transplant is facial reconstruction, which typically involves moving the patient's own skin from their back, buttocks, thighs, or chest to their face in a series of as many as 50 operations to regain even limited functionality, and a face that is often likened to a mask or a living quilt. l. scott levin, m.d., facs, chair, department of orthopaedic surgery at university of pennsylvania school of medicine, has described the procedure as "the single most important area of reconstructive research". ==history== ===self as donor ("face replant")=== the world's first full-face replant operation was on nine-year-old sandeep kaur, whose face was ripped off when her hair was caught in a thresher. sandeep's mother witnessed the accident. sandeep arrived at the hospital unconscious with her face in two pieces in a plastic bag. an article in the guardian recounts: "in 1994, a nine-year-old child in northern india lost her face and scalp in a threshing machine accident. her parents raced to the hospital with her face in a plastic bag and a surgeon managed to reconnect the arteries and replant the skin." the operation was successful, although the child was left with 
Oral_and_maxillofacial_surgery Surgical_procedures Tissue_transplants