 thumb|300 px|tartessos cultural area. tartessos () or tartessus was a harbor city and surrounding culture on the south coast of the iberian peninsula (in modern andalusia, spain), at the mouth of the guadalquivir river. it appears in sources from greece and the near east starting in the middle of the first millennium bc, for example herodotus, who describes it as beyond the pillars of heracles (strait of gibraltar).herodotus, the history, i. 163 ; iv.152. roman authors tend to echo the earlier greek sources but from around the end of the millennium there are indications that the name tartessos had fallen out of use and the city may have been lost to flooding, though several authors attempt to identify it with cities of other names in the area.phillip m. freeman, ancient references to tartessos, chapter 10 in barry cunliffe and john t. koch (eds.), celtic from the west (2010) archaeological discoveries in the region have built up a picture of a more widespread culture, identified as tartessian, that includes some 97 inscriptions in a tartessian language. the tartessians were rich in metal. in the 4th century bc the historian ephorus describes "a very prosperous market called tartessos, with much tin carried by river, as well as gold and copper from celtic lands". trade in tin was very lucrative in the bronze age, since it is an essential component of true bronze and is comparatively rare. herodotus refers to a king of tartessos, arganthonios, presumably named for his wealth in silver. the people from tartessos became important trading partners of the phoenicians, whose presence in iberia dates from the 8th century bc and who nearby built a harbor of their own, gadir (, , present-day cÃ¡diz). ==location== several early sources, such as aristotle, refer to tartessos as a river. aristotle claims that it rises from the pyrene mountain (which we can identify as the pyrenees) and flows out to sea outside the pillars of hercules, the modern strait of gibraltar.phillip m. freeman, ancient references to tartessos, chapter 10 in barry cunliffe and john t. koch (eds.), celtic from the west: alternative perspectives from archaeology, genetics, language and literature (2010) no such river traverses the iberian peninsula. according to pytheas, in the 4th century bc, as reported by strabo in the 1st century ad, the turduli occupied the area that was tartessos which was the baetis river (guadalquivir river andalusia spain).{{cite book|last=strabo|title=geography|pages=book iii chapter 2 verse 11|url=ht
Tartessos