  alexander rÃ¼stow (april 8, 1885 â june 30, 1963) was a german sociologist and economist. in 1938 he originated the term neoliberalism at the colloque walter lippmann. he was one of the fathers of the "social market economy" that shaped the economy of west germany after world war ii. he is the grandnephew of wilhelm rÃ¼stow, the grandson of cÃ¤sar rÃ¼stow and the father of dankwart rustow. ==life== rÃ¼stow was born in wiesbaden in the prussian province of hesse-nassau. from 1903 till 1908, he studied mathematics, physics, philosophy, philology, law and economics, at the universities of gÃ¶ttingen, munich and berlin. in 1908, he obtained his doctorate under paul hensel, at the university of erlangen, on a mathematical topic, russell's paradox. he then worked at the teubner publishing house in berlin, until 1911, when he started working on his habilitation, on the knowledge theory of parmenides. he had to interrupt his work though at the outbreak of the first world war, when he volunteered for the german army. after the war, rÃ¼stow, then still a socialist, participated in the november revolution, and obtained a post at the ministry of economic affairs, working on the nationalization process of the coal industry in the ruhr area. disillusioned with socialist planning, he started working for the vdma, the german engineering federation in 1924. the engineering companies in germany suffered much by the protected and subsidized coal and mine industry. in the 1930s, the climate in germany became too unfriendly for rÃ¼stow, and he obtained a chair in economic geography and history at the university of istanbul, turkey, where he worked at his magnum opus, ortsbestimmung der gegenwart (in english published as freedom and domination), a critique of civilization. in 1938 at the colloque walter lippmann, it was rÃ¼stow who created the term 'neoliberalism' to separate new liberalism from classical liberalism. rÃ¼stow promoted the concept of the social market economy, and this concept promotes a strong role for the state with respect to the market, which is in many ways different from the ide
1885_births 1963_deaths German_economists German_military_personnel_of_World_War_I German_sociologists German_writers Men_sociologists People_from_Hesse-Nassau People_from_Wiesbaden