200px|thumb|nikolai morozov in 1910. nikolai alexandrovich morozov (ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð°ÌÐ¹ ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°ÌÐ½Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ ÐÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÌÐ·Ð¾Ð²; july 7, 1854, borok &ndash; july 30, 1946) was a russian revolutionary who spent about 25 years in prison before turning his attention to various fields of science. == revolutionary activities == the son of a landowner by a serf woman, morozov was born in the village of borok in the yaroslavl oblast of russia. he early became interested in politics and was expelled from secondary school when he was accused of subversive activity. (his distribution of a scientific magazine was considered subversive because russian schools did not teach science.) he joined the circle of tchaikovsky before departing for geneva in 1874. by 1878, morozov was a member of zemlya i volya or land and liberty where he co-editing their mouthpiece, land and liberty, (with sergei kravchinsky). when the land and liberty group faced an internal crisis over tactics and thus split into two groups in august of 1879, interestingly, morozov rejected the continued use of propaganda to bring about social change and, instead, joined the more adventurous of the two factions, and became a leader of this group, narodnaya volya, or people's will. in 1880 olga liubatovich and morozov left narodnaya volya and went to live in geneva and london, where he was introduced to karl marx. while in exile morozov wrote the terrorist struggle, a pamphlet that explained his views how to achieve a democratic society in russia. he advocated large numbers of small independent terrorist groups and argued that this approach would make it difficult for the police to apprehend the terrorists. it would also help to prevent a small group of leaders gaining power, forming dictatorships after the overthrow of the tsar. morozov returned to russia in order to distribute the terrorist struggle. this led to his arrest soon after arriving. he was then imprisoned in suwaÅki. liubatovich only just having gone through child birth decided to attempt to rescue morozov, though her plan did not go well, ending in her arrest leading to liubatovich being sent to siberia in november, 1882. == later life and ideas ==  between 1882&ndash;1905 morozov was imprisoned in peter and paul fortress and in shlisselburg for his political activities. at that period he wrote political verse and began intense studies in physics, chemistry, astronomy and history. after being released in 1906, he started to teach chemistry and astronomy at the university of st. petersburg. in 1907 he was elected into the
1854_births 1946_deaths Honorary_Members_of_the_USSR_Academy_of_Sciences Narodnaya_Volya Narodniks Russian_Constitutional_Democratic_Party_members Russian_scientists