  right|thumb|only a single jet is visible in m87. thumb|two jets are visible in 3c31 relativistic beaming (also known as doppler beaming, doppler boosting, or the headlight effect) is the process by which relativistic effects modify the apparent luminosity of emitting matter that is moving at speeds close to the speed of light. in an astronomical context, relativistic beaming commonly occurs in two oppositely-directed relativistic jets of plasma that originate from a central compact object that is accreting matter. accreting compact objects and relativistic jets are invoked to explain the following observed phenomena: x-ray binaries, gamma-ray bursts, and, on a much larger scale, active galactic nuclei (agn). (quasars are also associated with an accreting compact object, but are thought to be merely a particular variety of agn.) beaming (short for relativistic beaming) affects the apparent brightness of something just as a lighthouse affects the appearance of its light source: the light source appears dim or unseen to a ship except when the lighthouse is directed towards a ship where it appears very bright. this so-called lighthouse effect illustrates how important the direction of motion (relative to the observer) is in relativistic beaming: if a blob of gas emitting electromagnetic radiation is moving towards the observer then it will be brighter than if it were at rest, but if the gas isn't moving towards the observer it may (in some cases) appear much fainter than if it were at rest. the importance of this effect in astronomy is illustrated by comparing the agn jets detected in the galaxy m87 and 3c31 (see figures on the right). the twin jets in m87 show how beaming affects their appearance when one jet moves almost directly towards earth and the other jet moves in the opposite direction. on one hand, m87's jet moving towards earth is clearly visible to telescopes (the long and thin blue-ish feature in the top image) and is many times brighter due to beaming. on the other hand, m87's other jet is moving away from us and is, due to beaming, so much fainter than the jet directed towards us that it is rendered invisible. 3c31 is different from m87 because both jets (labeled in the figure directly below m87's image) are directed at roughly right angles to our line of sight and are therefore subject to the 
Astrophysics