 a breeches role (also pants role or trouser role, travesti or "hosenrolle") is a role in which an actress appears in male clothing. breeches (, also "britches"), tight-fitting knee-length pants, were the standard male garment at the time breeches roles were introduced. in opera it also refers to any male character that is sung and acted by a female singer. most often the character is an adolescent or a very young man, sung by a mezzo-soprano or contralto.budden j. breeches part. in: the new grove dictionary of opera. macmillan, london and new york, 1997. the operatic concept assumes that the character is male, and the audience accepts him as such, even knowing that the actor is not. cross-dressing female characters (e.g., leonore in fidelio or gilda in act iii of rigoletto) are not considered breeches roles. the most frequently performed breeches roles are cherubino (the marriage of figaro), octavian (der rosenkavalier), hansel (hansel and gretel) and orpheus (orpheus and euridice), though the latter was originally written for a male singer, first a castrato and later, in the revised french version, an haute-contre. because non-musical stage plays generally have no requirements for vocal range, they do not usually contain breeches roles in the same sense as opera. some plays do have male roles that were written for adult female actors, and (for other practical reasons) are usually played by women (e.g., peter pan); these could be considered modern-era breeches roles. however, in most cases, the choice of a female actor to play a male character is made at the production level; hamlet is not a breeches role, but sarah bernhardt once played hamlet as a breeches role. when a play is spoken of as "containing" a breeches role, this does mean a role where a female character pretends to be a man and uses male clothing as a disguise, the reverse of its usage in opera. == history == when the london theatres re-opened in 1660, the first professional actresses appeared on the public stage, replacing the shakespeare era's boys in dresses. to see real women speak the risquÃ© dialogue of restoration comedy and show off their bodies on stage was a great novelty, and soon the even greater sensation was introduced of women wearing male clothes on stage. out of some 375 plays produced on the london stage between 1660 and 1700, it has been calculated that 89, nearly a quarter, contained one or more roles for actresses in male clothes (see howe). practically every restoration actress appeared in trousers at some time, and breeches roles would even be inserted gratuitously in revivals of older plays. s
Cross-dressing Drama History_of_theatre Opera_terminology Stock_characters