 thumb|250px|the "chisel tip" of a marker thumb|right|sanford king size permanent marker  a permanent marker or indelible marker is a type of marker pen that is used to create permanent writing on an object. in general, the ink comprises a main carrier solvent, a glyceride, a pyrrolidone, a resin and a colorant,ink composition resistant to solvent evaporation -- us patent 7084191 description. date of access: 2-4-2012. making it waterproof. it is capable of writing on a variety of surfaces from paper to metal to stone. they come in a variety of tip sizes (ultra fine to wide), shapes (chisel point, bullet tip, and wide bristle), and colors (metallic, or ultraviolet reactive). like spray paint, these markers contain volatile organic compounds which evaporate to dry the ink. permanent marker is another name for "waterproof" marker. the permanent marker was invented in 1952 by sidney rosenthal. ==removal== these markers are generally used on hard, non-porous surfaces, because instead of staining they form a surface layer that can be removed by high pressure cleaning or paint thinners and organic solvents such as acetone, xylene, or toluene. isopropyl alcohol and ethyl acetate are preferred cleaners when used indoors, as their fumes are much less hazardous than toluene and xylene, the main components of paint thinner, or longer-chain hydrocarbons found in mineral spirits. other common non-polar solvents include benzene, turpentine and other terpenes (which constitute essential oils of many plants with strong scents), most ethers, chloroform and dichloromethane, hydrocarbon fuels, and diacetone alcohol, among many others. note that most of these solvents are very flammable, and/or their concentrated vapors are harmful to health. most brands of "permanent" marker wipe off easily with acetone free nail polish remover, the kind containing ethyl acetate, a relatively non-toxic organic solvent. some markers are designed to be long lasting, for instance by having two inks, one specialized to resist solvents, and one specialized not to fade. these can be available in refillable form. a permanent marker can also be removed by drawing over it with a dry erase marker on non-porous surfaces such as a whiteboard{{cite web|url=http://www.expomarkers.com/faq |title=expo faqs &#124; answers for dry erase boar
Art_materials Pens Writing_implements