 unterwalden (latinized as sylvania, later also subsylvania as opposed to supersylvania) is the old name of a forest-canton of the old swiss confederacy in central switzerland, south of lake lucerne, consisting of two valleys or talschaften, now organized as two half-cantons, an upper part, obwalden, and a lower part, nidwalden. unterwalden was one of the three participants in the foundation of the old swiss confederacy, named in the pact of brunnen of 1315 with uri and schwyz. the division of unterwalden into two separate territories, obwalden and nidwalden in the early period is less than clear. unterwalden figures as communitas hominum intramontanorum vallis inferioris  "community of the men between the mountains of the lower valley" in the federal charter of 1291; this is usually rendered as "the community of the lower valley of unterwalden" in modern translations, and interpreted as nidwalden or "unterwalden proper". while nidwalden and obwalden may or may not have existed as independent sub-entities of unterwalden during 1291-1315, there was an internal division between obwalden and nidwalden at least from 1350. the flag of unterwalden in the 14th and 15th centuries was divided horizontally into equal parts red over white, identical with the flag of solothurn. after the accession of solothurn to the confederacy in 1481, there were two cantons with identical flags, sometimes disambiguated by modifying the design of solothurn's flag. by 1600, nidwalden was known as unterwalden proper or subsylvania, while obwalden was known as "unterwalden ob dem wald", strictly speaking an oxymoron, as it were subsylvania super silva. from this time, there are also two separate coats of arms for the two half-cantons, the red-and-white flag for unterwalden proper or nidwalden, while obwalden had a silver key in a red field. by the 1640s, these two designs were re-combined in a white-and-red key on a red-and-white field as the coat of arms of the united canton. in early modern switzerland, unterwalden counted as
Former_cantons_of_Switzerland Former_countries_in_Europe Imperial_valleys Regions_of_Switzerland States_and_territories_disestablished_in_1798 States_and_territories_established_in_1315