 ionospheric reflection is a bending, through a complex process involving reflection and refraction, of electromagnetic waves propagating in the ionosphere back toward the earth. the amount of bending depends on the extent of penetration (which is a function of frequency), the angle of incidence, polarization of the wave, and ionospheric conditions, such as the ionization density. it is negatively affected by incidents of ionospheric absorption. == see also == * skywave == external links == * ionospheric propagation explained 
Ionosphere Radio_frequency_propagation