  (loanword from french, meaning blank, outline or sketch) is a term used in art to denote the first preliminary underpainting or quick sketch in oils for an oil painting. one early criticism of impressionist painting was that its practitioners sought to elevate the status of the Ã©bauche to the level of finished painting. horology, clockmaking and watchmaking appropriated the term Ã©bauche to refer to an incomplete or unassembled watch movement and its associated components. the french term is regularly used by english-speaking artists and art historians, as well as horologists and hobbyists. ==horology== until about 1850, the watchmaker's Ã©bauche consisted of two plates with pillars and bars, the barrel, fusÃ©e, index, pawl and ratchet-wheel, along with a few assembling screws. these parts were all roughly filed and milled. the steel and brass were manufactured in a special workshop. the Ã©bauche was finished by watchmakers in a finishing shop. the  (literally "assortment" in english) are the parts of a watch other than the Ã©bauche, in particular the regulating organs and include the balance, hairspring or spiral, escape wheel, anchor lever and pallet stones or jewels. the modern Ã©bauche is a jeweled watch movement, without its regulating organs, mainspring, dial, or hands. during the industrial revolution, new components were introduced by the waltham watch company and the development of the american system of watch manufacturing, establishing the base of modern watch manufacture. historic producers of Ã©bauche movements have included companies such as, a. schild, peseux, fabrique d'horlogerie de fontainemelon (fhf), landeron, valjoux, venus, france Ãbauches and lemania. many of these producers have gone out of business over the past few decades, succumbing to the quartz revolution. most were unable to compete with the inexpensive electronic movements produced by asian manufacturers, which flooded the market during the 1960s and 1970s. those Ã©bauche producers that remain today are almost all owned by eta, which is a subsidiary of the swatch group.  *eta *swatch group 
Clocks Horology Timekeeping_components