 linear (or longitudinal) timecode (ltc) is an encoding of smpte timecode data in an audio signal, as defined in smpte 12m specification. the audio signal is commonly recorded on a vtr track or other storage media. the bits are encoded using the biphase mark code, also known as "fm": a zero bit has a single transition at the start of the bit period. a one bit has two transitions, at the beginning and middle of the period. this encoding is self-clocking. each frame is terminated by a 'sync word' which has a special predefined sync relationship with any video or film content. a special bit in the linear timecode frame, the 'biphase mark correction' bit, ensures that there are an even number of ac transitions in each timecode frame. the sound of linear timecode is a jarring and distinctive noise and has been used as a sound-effects shorthand to imply 'telemetry' or 'computers'. ==generation and distribution== in broadcast video situations, the ltc generator should be tied-in to house black burst, as should all devices using timecode, to ensure correct color framing and correct synchronization of all digital clocks. when synchronizing multiple clock-dependent digital devices together with video, such as digital audio recorders, the devices must be connected to a common word clock signal that is derived from the house black burst signal. this can be accomplished by using a generator that generates both black burst and video-resolved word clock, or by synchronizing the master digital device to video, and synchronizing all subsequent devices to the word clock output of the master digital device (and to ltc). made up of 80 bits per frame, where there may be 24, 25 or 30 frames per second, ltc timecode varies from 1920 hz (binary zeros at 24 frames/s) to 4800 hz (binary ones at 30 frames/s), and thus is comfortably in the middle of the audio frequency range. ltc can exist as either a balanced or unbalanced signal, and can be treated as an audio signal in regards to distribution. like audio, ltc can be distributed by standard audio wiring, connectors, distribution amplifiers, and patchbays, and can be ground-isolated with audio transformers. it can also be distributed via 75 ohm video cable and video distribution amplifiers, although the voltage attenuation caused by using a 75 ohm system may cause the signal to drop to a level that can not be read by some equipment. care has to be taken with analog audio to avoid audible 'breakthrough' (aka "crosstalk") from the ltc track to the audio tracks. ltc care: *avoid percussive sounds close to ltc *never process an ltc with noise reduction, eq or compressor *allow pre roll and post roll *to create negative time code add one hour to time (avoid midnight effect) *always put slowest device as a master longitudinal smpte timecode should be played b
Broadcast_engineering Electrical_engineering Film_and_video_technology Recording_devices Timecodes