 thumb|right|240px|one racer propels his partner like a slingshot during a madison race. the madison is a team event in track cycling, named after the first madison square garden in new york, and known as the "american race" in french (course Ã  l'amÃ©ricaine) and in italian and spanish as americana. ==history== the madison began as a way of circumventing laws passed in new york in the us, aimed at restricting the exhaustion of cyclists taking part in six-day races. the brooklyn daily eagle said: the wear and tear upon their nerves and their muscles, and the loss of sleep make them [peevish and fretful]. if their desires are not met with on the moment, they break forth with a stream of abuse. nothing pleases them. these outbreaks do not trouble the trainers with experience, for they understand the condition the men are in. the condition included delusions and hallucinations. riders wobbled and frequently fell. but the riders were often well paid, especially since more people came to watch them as their condition worsened. promoters in new york paid teddy hale $5,000 when he won in 1896 and he won "like a ghost, his face as white as a corpse, his eyes no longer visible because they'd retreated into his skull," as one report had it. the new york times said in 1897: an athletic contest in which participants "go queer" in their heads, and strain their powers until their faces become hideous with the tortures that rack them, is not sport. it is brutality. days and weeks of recuperation will be needed to put the garden racers in condition, and it is likely that some of them will never recover from the strain.new york times, december 11, 1897, wednesday, a brutal exhibition. alarmed, new york and illinois ruled in 1898 that no competitor could race for more than 12 hours a day. the promoter of the event at madison square garden, reluctant to close his stadium for half the day, realised that giving each rider a partner with whom he could share the racing meant the race could still go on 24 hours a day but that no one rider would exceed the 12-hour limit. speeds rose, distances grew, crowds increased, money poured in. where charlie miller rode 2,088 miles alone, the australian alf goullet and a decent partner could ride 2,790. ===the name madison and madison cycle racing===  a lodge had been built three years after james madison's death in a critical spot at the then-norther
Events_in_track_cycling Sports_originating_in_the_United_States