    (also anglicized as nastaleeq; in persian:  ) is one of the main calligraphic hands used in writing the perso-arabic script, and traditionally the predominant style in persian calligraphy.the cambridge history of islam. by p. m. holt, et al., cambridge university press, 1977, isbn 0-521-29138-0, p. 723. it was developed in iran in the 8th and 9th centuries.  it is sometimes used to write arabic-language text (where it is known as taÊ¿liq  and is mainly used for titles and headings), but its use has always been more popular in the persian, turkic, urdu and other south asian spheres of influence.  has extensively been (and still is) practiced in iran, pakistan and afghanistan for written poetry and as a form of art. a less elaborate version of  serves as the preferred style for writing persian, kashmiri, punjabi and urdu, and it is often used alongside naskh for pashto.  was historically used for writing ottoman turkish, where it was known as tÃ¢lik"the scripts" (not to be confused with a totally different persian style, also called taÊ¿liq; to distinguish the two, ottomans referred to the latter as ta'liq-i qadim = old ta'liq). nastaÊ¿lÄ«q is the core script of the post-sassanid persian writing tradition, and is equally important in the areas under its cultural influence. the languages of afghanistan (dari, uzbek, turkmen, etc.), pakistan (punjabi, urdu, kashmiri, saraiki, etc.), india (urdu, kashmiri, rekhta), and the turkic uyghur language of the chinese province of xinjiang, rely on nastaÊ¿lÄ«q. under the name taÊ¿liq ( âsuspending [script]â), it was also beloved by ottoman calligraphers who developed the diwani (divanÃ®) and ruqah (rÄ±kâa) styles from it.  is amongst the most fluid calligraphy styles for the arabic alphabet. it has short verticals with no serifs, and long horizontal strokes. it is written using a piece of trimmed reed with a tip of , called "qalam" ("pen", in arabic and persian "ÙÙÙ"), and carbon ink, named "davat". the nib of a qalam is usually split in the middle to facilitate ink absorption. two important forms of  panels ar
Arabic_alphabets Iranian_art Islamic_calligraphy Persian_art Persian_calligraphy Persian_orthography Urdu_calligraphy