 callaway county is a county located in the u.s. state of missouri. as of the 2010 u.s. census, the county's population was 44,332. its county seat is fulton. the county was organized november 25, 1820, and named for captain james callaway, grandson of daniel boone. callaway county is also referred to as "the kingdom of callaway" after an incident in which residents confronted union troops during the u.s. civil war.kingdom of callaway historical society callaway county is part of the jefferson city, mo metropolitan statistical area. vineyards and wineries were first established in the area by german immigrants in the 19th century. since the 1960s, there has been a revival of winemaking throughout the state. the callaway nuclear generating station is located in callaway county. ==history== this area was historically occupied by the osage and other native american peoples, some of whom migrated from the east of the ohio river valley. others emerged as cultures in this area, following thousands of years of settlement by indigenous peoples. the european-american settlement of callaway county was initiated primarily by migrants from the upper south states of kentucky, tennessee and virginia. they brought african-american slaves and slaveholding traditions with them, and quickly started cultivating hemp and tobacco, the same crops as were grown in middle tennessee and kentucky. callaway county was one of several to the north and south of the missouri river settled mostly by southerners in the early antebellum years
1820_establishments_in_Missouri_Territory Callaway_County,_Missouri Jefferson_City,_Missouri_metropolitan_area Little_Dixie_(Missouri) Missouri_Rhineland Missouri_counties Missouri_counties_on_the_Missouri_River Populated_places_established_in_1820 Secession_in_the_United_States