  pope alexander iii (c. 1100/1105 â 30 august 1181), born roland of siena,in italian rolando or orlando. was pope from 7 september 1159 to his death in 1181. he laid the foundation stone for the famous notre-dame de paris. ==early life and career== pope alexander iii was born in siena. from 14th century he is referred to as a member of the aristocratic family of bandinelli, although this has not been proven. for a long time, scholars believed him to be identical with the 12th-century canon lawyer and theologian master roland of bologna, who composed the "stroma" or "summa rolandi"âone of the earliest commentaries on the decretum of gratianâand the "sententiae rolandi", a sentence collection displaying the influence of pierre abÃ©lard.see  reprinted in idem, glossatoren des dekrets gratians [goldbach: keip, 1997], pp. 73*â114* , isbn 3-8051-0272-0. in october 1150, pope eugene iii created him cardinal-deacon of [[santi cosma e damian
1100s_births 1181_deaths 12th-century_Italian_people 12th-century_Roman_Catholic_bishops Italian_popes People_from_Siena Popes