    romuald (c. 951 &ndash; traditionally 19 june, c. 1025/27)the traditional year of his death, given as 1027, rests entirely on testimony by guido grandi (died 1742), a hagiographical forger, who stated that he had seen the date in documents: see tabacco 1942, preface:liv. was the founder of the camaldolese order and a major figure in the eleventh-century "renaissance of eremitical asceticism".john howe, "the awesome hermit: the symbolic significance of the hermit as a possible research perspective", numen 30.1 (july 1983:106-119) p 106, noting ernst werner, pauperi christi: studien zu socialreligiosen bewegungen in zeitalter des ersten kreuzzuges (leipzig) 1956; howe also notes the contemporary examples of peter the hermit, leader of a crusade; norbert of xanten, founder of the praemostratensians, and henry of lausanne, declared a heretic. ==life== according to the vita by peter damian,peter's vita beati romualdi was edited by giovanni tabacco in the series fonti per la storia d'italia (rome) 1957. written about fifteen years after romuald's death,howe 1983:106. romuald was born in ravenna, in northeastern italy, to the aristocratic onesti family. his father was sergius degli onesti and his mother was traversara traversari. as a youth, according to early accounts, romuald indulged in the pleasures and sins of the world common to a tenth-century nobleman. at the age of twenty he served as second to his father, who killed a relative in a duel over property. romuald was devastated, and went to the basilica of sant'apollinare in classe to do 40 days of penance for his father.foley o.f.m., leonard. "st. romuald", saint of the day, lives, lessons and feast, (revised by pat mccloskey o.f.m.), franciscan media after some indecision, romuald became a monk there. san apollinare had recently been reformed by st. maieul of cluny, but still was not strict enough in its observance to satisfy romuald. his injudicious correction of the less zealous aroused such enmity against him that he applied for, and was readily granted, permission to retire to venice, where he placed himself under the direction of a hermit named marinus and lived a life of extraordinary severity. [http://www.newadvent.or
1027_deaths 10th-century_Christian_saints 11th-century_Christian_saints 951_births Benedictine_abbots Benedictine_mystics Benedictine_saints Camaldolese_saints Founders_of_Catholic_religious_communities Incorrupt_saints Italian_Benedictines Italian_saints People_from_Ravenna