 gruppe 47 (group 47) was an influentialgunter grass, the art of fiction no. 124 interviewed by elizabeth gaffney for the paris reviewgÃ¼nter grass (1927-) literary association in germany after world war ii. '47' stands for the year of the group's creation, 1947. ==early history== the beginnings reach back to 1946 when alfred andersch and walter kolbenhoff founded the literary magazine der ruf (the call) in munich. their goal was to inform and teach the german public about democracy after the hitler era. the us american occupational forces revoked their printing license in april 1947 on the grounds of extensive nihilism. ==founding== the former authors of der ruf met in september 1947 in order to start a new magazine, der skorpion. this was not successful because they lacked a sound financial basis. inspired by the spanish group 98 they founded the gruppe 47. ==organization== the group met regularly twice a year. attendance was by invitation only; the organizers would send postcards listing the date and location to anyone who was deemed worthy of invitation, and only invitees and their spouses were allowed entry. no consistent membership list was kept, and a member who had been invited in the past could find himself without an invite at the whim of the organizers. the meetings consisted of readings and criticism. a writer was required to read his own work, and could only read manuscripts which had not been published. at every meeting, prizes were awarded to the authors of the most popular pieces. founder and organizer hans werner richter described this format as a "private public". ==goals== at first, the expressed goal of the gruppe 47 was to encourage young authors, the so-called nachkriegsliteratur (post-war literature). in addition, the group openly criticized the idealized, poetic dewey-eyedness of some modern prose, as well as the tendency to write about distant time instead of the here-and-now. ==literature prize== the literature prize of gruppe 47 was awarded to as yet unknown authors starting in 1950. the money for the first two awards was donated by the american publisher, coward-mccann. later it was funded by various publishers and radio stations. complete list of recipients: *1950: gÃ¼nter eich, for "abgelegene gehÃ¶fte" *1951: heinrich bÃ¶ll, for "die schwarzen schafe" *1952: ilse aichinger for the story "spiegelgeschichte" *1953: ingeborg bachmann, for die gestundete zeit *1954: adriaan morriÃ«n, for zu groÃe gastlichkeit verjagt die gÃ¤ste *1955: martin walser, for the story "templones ende
1947_establishments_in_Germany 1977_disestablishments 20th-century_German_literature Organisations_based_in_Germany Organizations_established_in_1947