 the homepna alliance (formerly the home phoneline networking alliance, also known as hpna) is an incorporated non-profit industry association of companies that develops and standardizes technology for home networking over the existing coaxial cables and telephone wiring within homes. ==overview== homepna does not manufacture products, although its members do. it develops technology and tests it in periodic "plugfests". products that pass certification testing are listed on the alliance's member products page as homepna certified. homepna promoter companies are at&t inc., technicolor sa, pace plc (formerly 2wire), sigma designs (formerly coppergate), motorola, cisco systems (formerly scientific-atlanta), sunrise telecom and k-micro. homepna creates industry specifications which it then standardizes under the international telecommunication union (itu) standards body. homepna also promotes the technology, tests, and certifies member products as homepna compliant. devices that use hpna technology as part of whole-home multi-media content products include advanced digital broadcast,http://www.onlinereporter.com/article.php?article_id=19837 inneoquest and netsys. the basic technology that was adopted by homepna was developed by several companies. the original homepna 1.0 technology was developed by tut systems in the 1990s; homepna 2.0 was developed by epigram; homepna 3.0 was developed by broadcom (which had purchased epigram) and coppergate communications; and homepna 3.1 was developed by coppergate communications. homepna 2.0 was approved by the itu as recommendations g.9951, g.9952 and g.9953. homepna 3.0 was approved by the itu as recommendation g.9954 in february 2005. homepna 3.1 was approved by the itu as recommendation g.9954 in january 2007. homepna 3.1 was developed for entertainment applications such as iptv which require consistent high performance. this technology, which provides features such as guaranteed quality of service (qos), is used by service providers for commercial "triple play" (video, voice and data) service offerings. homepna 3.1 uses frequencies above those used for digital subscriber line and analog voice calls over phone wires and below those used for broadcast and direct broadcast satellite (dbs) tv over coax, so it can coexist with those services on the same wires. the original protocols used balanced pair telephone wire. homepna 3.1 added [[ether
Computer_network_organizations Local_loop