  in contemporary education, mathematics education is the practice of teaching and learning mathematics, along with the associated scholarly research. researchers in mathematics education are primarily concerned with the tools, methods and approaches that facilitate practice or the study of practice, however mathematics education research, known on the continent of europe as the didactics or pedagogy of mathematics, has developed into an extensive field of study, with its own concepts, theories, methods, national and international organisations, conferences and literature. this article describes some of the history, influences and recent controversies. ==history== elementary mathematics was part of the education system in most ancient civilisations, including ancient greece, the roman empire, vedic society and ancient egypt. in most cases, a formal education was only available to male children with a sufficiently high status, wealth or caste. left|thumb|illustration at the beginning of a 14th-century translation of euclid's elements. in plato's division of the liberal arts into the trivium and the quadrivium, the quadrivium included the mathematical fields of arithmetic and geometry. this structure was continued in the structure of classical education that was developed in medieval europe. teaching of geometry was almost universally based on euclid's elements. apprentices to trades such as masons, merchants and money-lenders could expect to learn such practical mathematics as was relevant to their profession. the first mathematics textbooks to be written in english and french were published by robert recorde, beginning with the grounde of artes in 1540. however, there are many different writings on mathematics and math methodology that date back to 1800 bce. these were mostly located in mesopotamia where the sumerians were practicing multiplication and division. there are also artifacts demonstrating their own methodology for solving equations like the quadratic equation. after the sumerians some of the most famous ancient works on mathematics come from egypt in the form of the rhind mathematical papyrus and the moscow mathematical papyrus. the more famous rhind papyrus has been dated to approximately 1650 bce but it is thought to be a copy of an even older scroll. this papyrus was essentially an early textbook for egyptian students. in the renaissance, the academic status of mathematics declined, because it was strongly associated with trade and commerce. although it continued to be taught in european universiti
Mathematical_science_occupations Mathematics_education