 ludwig van beethoven's symphony no. 1 in c major, op. 21, was dedicated to baron gottfried van swieten, an early patron of the composer. the piece was published in 1801 by hoffmeister & kÃ¼hnel of leipzig. it is unknown exactly when beethoven finished writing this work, but sketches of the finale were found from 1795. ==historical background== thumb|right|200px|portrait of beethoven in 1803, three years after the premiere of his 1st symphony. the symphony is clearly indebted to beethoven's predecessors, particularly his teacher joseph haydn as well as wolfgang amadeus mozart, but nonetheless has characteristics that mark it uniquely as beethoven's work, notably the frequent use of sforzandi and the prominent, more independent use of wind instruments. sketches for the finale are found among the exercises beethoven wrote while studying counterpoint under johann georg albrechtsberger in the spring of 1797. the premiere took place on 2 april 1800 at the k.k. hoftheater nÃ¤chst der burg in vienna. the concert program also included his septet and piano concerto no. 2, as well as a symphony by mozart, and an aria and a duet from haydn's oratorio the creation. this concert effectively served to announce beethoven's talents to vienna.morris, edmund. beethoven the universal composer. new york: harpercollins, 2005, pp. 77â78. ==instrumentation== the symphony is scored for 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets in c, 2 bassoons, 2 horns in c and f, 2 trumpets in c, timpani and strings. the clarinet parts are commonly played on b clarinet, as c and d clarinets are no longer widely used. however, there is some controversy over whether they should be played on e instruments instead. the e clarinet's timbre is much closer to that of the c and d clarinets than that of the warmer-sounding b clarinet.del mar, norman. "anatomy of the orchestra". university of california press, 1987, p. 146-9. ==form== there are 4 movements: #adagio molto â allegro con brio, 4/4 â 2/2 #andante cantabile con moto, 3/8 in f major #menuetto: allegro molto e vivace, 3/4 #adagio â allegro molto e vivace, 2/4 a typical performance lasts between 22 and 29 minutes. ==description and analysis==  the beginning of the twelve-bar [[introd
1795_compositions Classical-period_symphonies Compositions_in_C_major Symphonies_by_Ludwig_van_Beethoven