      the tijÄniyyah (, transliterated: al-á¹¬arÄ«qah al-tijÄniyyah, or "the tijÄnÄ« path") is a sufi tariqa (order, path) within sunni islam, originating in north africa but now more widespread in west africa, particularly in senegal, the gambia, mauritania, mali, guinea, niger, chad and northern nigeria and sudan. its adherents are called tijÄnÄ« (spelled tijaan or tiijaan in wolof, tidiane or tidjane in french). tijÄnÄ« attach a large importance to culture and education, and emphasize the individual adhesion of the disciple (murÄ«d). to become a member of the order, one must receive the tijÄnÄ« wird, or a sequence of holy phrases to be repeated twice daily, from a muqaddam, or representative of the order. the current spiritual leader of the order is ahmad tijani ali cisse. ==history and spread of the order== ===foundation of the order=== sÄ«dÄ« 'aá¸¥mad al-tijÄnÄ« (1737â1815), who was born in aÃ¯n madhi, present-day algeria and died in fes, morocco, founded the tijÄnÄ« order around 1781 (see triaud, 2000). tijÄnÄ« islam, an "islam for the poor," reacted against the conservative, hierarchical qadiriyyah brotherhood then dominant, focusing on social reform and grass-roots islamic revival. during the first period, some of shaykh tijani's appointed khalifas established new tijani centres abroad and developed ramifications of their own: *the centres of sidi mohammed al-ghali boutaleb (d. 1829) and sidi alfa hachim al-futi (d. 1934) in medina munawwara * the centres of sidi al-mufaddal saqqat, sidi mohammed b. abdelwahid bannani al-misri (d. after 1854), and sidi mohammed al-hafidh al-misri (d. 1983) in egypt * the centres of shaykh al-islam sidi ibrahim riyahi tunsi (d. 1851), sidi mohammed b. slimane mannaâi tunsi, sidi mohammed ben achour (d. before 1815) and sidi taher b. abdesaadiq laqmari (d. after 1851) in tunisia * the centre of sidi uthman filani aklani (d. after 1815) in the sudan; the centres of sidi mohammed alawi chinguiti (d. 1830), sidi mawlud fall (d. 1852) and sidi mohammad al-hafid b. al-mokhtar beddi in mauritania * the centres of sidi mohammed b. al-mishri sibai (d. 1809)&nbsp;â author of al-jamiâa li-ma f-taraqa mina-l âulumn (the absolute in what has separated from the sciences) and al-qutb sidi abul hassan ali b. aissa tamacini (d. 1845) in algeria ===expansion in west africa=== although several other sufi orders overshadow the tijÄniyyah in its birthplace of north africa, the order has become the largest suf
French_West_Africa Islam_in_Senegal Religion_in_Nigeria Sufi_orders Sufism_in_Africa