 the black people's convention (bpc) was founded at the end of 1972 as the nationalist liberatory flagship of the black consciousness movement (bcm) in south africa. the bcm was a product of three historicultural and ideological imperatives: a) black students were tired of the hypocrisy of white liberal college/university students of apartheid south africa. the south african students organization (saso) originated black consciousness and bantu steve biko was its founding president in 1969. b) blacks were undermining reactionary tribalist/national chauvinist/sexists divide and rule by white racialist settler-colonial governments since 1910 and earlier. c) young people globally were taking their part in the international radical/revolutionary militancy of the mid and late sixties. this tendency was a legacy of the congress youth league led by muziwakhe lembede, the unity movement of south africa and the mangaliso sobulkhwe-led pan-africanist congress that linked continental and global working class struggle with south africa's national oppression of black people. the bpc was founded by the black communities from various ethnic and national groups in south africa, excluding white europeans. the bpc went farther than the anc's civil rights integrationist agenda and agreed with the pan africanist congress on "national land" repossession. they went further by espousing scientific socialism under the guise of "black communalism". when the bpc was gaining ideological hegemony over the leadership of blacks in the country, chief mangosuthu gatsha buthelezi was given permission by the apartheid government to go to london and meet the anc leadership. later he formed the inkatha cultural movement, claiming allegiance to black consciousness but "not communism or socialism". bantu steve biko was the first among equals in the leadership of the bpc, although he was legally not a member as he was outlawed or banned in march 1973. that restricted him to his home from 6pm till 6am and he was not allowed to belong to any political or social organization. the bpc was to the south african student organization ((saso)) south africa's black consciousness movement the same role that the black panther party (bpp) was to sncc and the black power movement. the bpc was resurrected in 1978 and was renamed the azanian people's organisation (azapo). in exile from 1974 onwards bcm activists and organizers re-built the movement as the black consciousness movement of azania (bcma) and in 1980, became the external wing of azapo, with an interim executive leadership committee. in 1981 the founding national organizer, mosibudi mangena was nominated to be the chairperson of the botswana region of the bcma and later by 1983, a mot
Anti-Apartheid_organisations Defunct_civic_and_political_organisations_in_South_Africa Organizations_established_in_1972