 the case for mars: the plan to settle the red planet and why we must is a nonfiction science book by robert zubrin, first published in 1996, and revised and updated in 2011. the book details zubrin's mars direct plan to make the first human landing on mars. the plan focuses on keeping costs down by making use of automated systems and available materials on mars to manufacture the return journey's fuel in situ. the book also reveals possible mars colony designs and weighs the prospects for a colony's material self-sufficiency and for the terraforming of mars. ==mars direct==  the mars direct plan was originally detailed by zubrin and david baker in 1990. the case for mars is, according to zubrin, a comprehensive condensation for laymen of many years' work and research. chapters one and four deal with mars direct most completely. ==colonization== for zubrin, the attractiveness of mars direct does not rest on a single cost-effective mission. he envisions a series of regular martian missions with the ultimate goal of colonization, which he details in the seventh through ninth chapters. as initial explorers leave hab-structures on the planet, subsequent missions become easier to undertake. large subsurface, pressurized habitats would be the first step toward human settlement; the book suggests they can be built as roman-style atria underground with easily produced martian brick. during and after this initial phase of habitat construction, hard-plastic radiation- and abrasion-resistant geodesic domes could be deployed on the surface for eventual habitation and crop growth. nascent industry would begin using indigenous resources: the manufacture of plastics, ceramics and glass. the larger work of terraforming requires an initial phase of global warming to release atmosphere from the regolith and to create a water-cycle. three methods of global warming are described in the work and, zubrin suggests, are probably best deployed in tandem: orbital mirrors to heat the surface; factories on the surface to pump halocarbons into the atmosphere; and the seeding of bacteria which can metabolize water, nitrogen and carbon to produce ammonia and methane (the
1996_books Astronomy_books Books_by_Robert_Zubrin Manned_missions_to_Mars Missions_to_Mars Space_colonization_literature