    ==events== *1132 &ndash; battle of nocera between ranulf ii of alife and roger ii of sicily. *1148 &ndash; louis vii of france lays siege to damascus during the second crusade. *1411 &ndash; battle of harlaw, one of the bloodiest battles in scotland, takes place. *1487 &ndash; citizens of leeuwarden, netherlands strike against a ban on foreign beer. *1534 &ndash; french explorer jacques cartier plants a cross on the gaspÃ© peninsula and takes possession of the territory in the name of francis i of france. *1567 &ndash; mary, queen of scots, is forced to abdicate and replaced by her 1-year-old son james vi. *1701 &ndash; antoine de la mothe cadillac founds the trading post at fort pontchartrain, which later becomes the city of detroit, michigan. *1783 &ndash; the kingdom of georgia and the russian empire sign the treaty of georgievsk. *1814 &ndash; war of 1812: general phineas riall advances toward the niagara river to halt jacob brown's american invaders. *1823 &ndash; slavery is abolished in chile. * 1823 &ndash; in maracaibo, venezuela the naval battle of lake maracaibo takes place, where admiral josÃ© prudencio padilla, defeats the spanish navy, thus culminating the independence for the gran colombia. *1847 &ndash; after 17 months of travel, brigham young leads 148 mormon pioneers into salt lake valley, resulting in the establishment of salt lake city. celebrations of this event include the pioneer day utah state holiday and the days of '47 parade. *1864 &ndash; american civil war: battle of kernstown &ndash; confederate general jubal early defeats union troops led by general george crook in an effort to keep them out of the shenandoah valley. *1866 &ndash; reconstruction: tennessee becomes the first u.s. state to be readmitted to the union following the american civil war. *1901 &ndash; o. henry is released from prison in columbus, ohio after serving three years for embezzlement from a bank. *1910 &ndash; the ottoman empire captures the city of shkodÃ«r, putting down the albanian revolt of 1910. *1911 &ndash; hiram bingham iii re-discovers machu picchu, "the lost city of the incas". *1915 &a
Days_of_the_year July