  ==history== before turkish hip hop took hold in turkey, specifically istanbul and ankara, it originally grew out of turkish ethnic enclaves in germany. owing its large population to the turkish migrants that came to germany in the 1960s as gastarbeiter (guest-workers), 2/3 of all turks in germany are under the age of 35 and half are under 25.(statistiches landesant berlin, 1999) exclusionary practices on behalf of the government, particularly in terms of citizenship status, create systematic discrimination of turks in germany that fuels racism against migrant workers. although born in germany, the children of these gastarbeiters are not recognized as citizens by germany or their parents' country of origin. often living in dilapidated neighborhoods and marked as outsiders by their "eastern" traditions and poor command of the german language, turkish urban youth gravitate towards hip hop as means of expressive identity construction. from the first rap vinyl recorded in the turkish languageââbir yabancÄ±nÄ±n hayatÄ±â (the life of the stranger) by king size terrorâto the creation of an entire subgenreâoriental hip hopâturkish youth in germany have embraced and moved beyond pure imitation of african american hip-hop culture. localizing hip hop, turks in germany have reworked it to âact as a mode of expression for a range of local issuesâ particularly those related racism and the problem of national identity experienced by younger members of ethnic minority groups.bennet, andy. "hip hop am main: the localization of rap music and hip hop culture." media, culture, and society 21 (1999). turkish hip-hop had risen to prominence in germany with the success and popularity of the turkish rap group cartel in the mid 1990s throughout turkey. unfortunately, after the success of their first album, the members of cartel had a fight almost killing some of their members. the group was forbidden to perform together again and the members of cartel were jailed. cartel's album was banned from the music market. ==turkish migration to germany== after being recruited by the german government to fill the labor shortages in specific industries, turkish migrants relocated to german cities such as berlin and frankfurt under the âmyth of returnâ.kaya, ayhan. constructing diasporas: turkish hip hop youth in berlin. new brunswick: transaction, 2001. 1-236. the first generation of migrants came to berlin as individual workers and then slowly brought their families over. gastarbeiters, by nature of the very word (translated as âguest worker'), expected to return to their homeland and did not identify with germany. this mentality combined with government exclusionary practices caused many turks to feel alienated and displaced; they maintained an outsider position in s
Turkish_popular_music