 modern automotive engineering, along with aerospace engineering and marine engineering, is a branch of automobile engineering, incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the design, manufacture and operation of motorcycles, automobiles, buses and trucks and their respective engineering subsystems. ==disciplines== ===automobile engineering=== some of the engineering attributes and disciplines that are of importance to the automotive engineer and many of the other aspects are included in it: safety engineering: safety engineering is the assessment of various crash scenarios and their impact on the vehicle occupants. these are tested against very stringent governmental regulations. some of these requirements include: seat belt and air bag functionality testing, front and side impact testing, and tests of rollover resistance. assessments are done with various methods and tools, including computer crash simulation (typically finite element analysis), crash test dummies, and partial system sled and full vehicle crashes. thumb|250px|visualization of how a car deforms in an asymmetrical crash using finite element analysis.[http://impact.sourceforge.net] fuel economy/emissions: fuel economy is the measured fuel efficiency of the vehicle in miles per gallon or kilometers per litre. emissions testing includes the measurement of vehicle emissions, including hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (nox), carbon monoxide (co), carbon dioxide (co2), and evaporative emissions. vehicle dynamics: vehicle dynamics is the vehicle's response of the following attributes: ride, handling, steering, braking, comfort and traction. design of the chassis systems of suspension, steering, braking, structure (frame), wheels and tires, and traction control are highly leveraged by the vehicle dynamics engineer to deliver the vehicle dynamics qualities desired. nvh engineering (noise, vibration, and harshness): nvh is the customer's feedback (both tactile [felt] and audible [heard]) from the vehicle. while sound can be interpreted as a rattle, squeal, or hoot; a tactile response can be seat vibration, or a buzz in the steering wheel. this feedback is generated by components either rubbing, vibrating, or rotating. nvh response can be classified in various ways: powertrain nvh, road noise, wind noise, component noise, and squeak and rattle. note, there are both good and bad nvh qualities. the nvh engineer works to either eliminate bad nvh, or change the âbad nvhâ to good (i.e., exh
Automotive_engineering