450px|thumb|world map (with the united states shown in blue) indicating in green the six countries labeled as "outposts of tyranny" by the united states government in 2005:, , , ,  and . outposts of tyranny was a term used in 2005 by united states secretary of state condoleezza rice and subsequently by others in the u.s. government to characterize the governments of certain countries as being totalitarian regimes or dictatorships. in addition to specifically identifying belarus, burma (myanmar), cuba, iran, north korea and zimbabwe as examples of outpost of tyranny, rice characterized the broader middle east as a region of tyranny, despair, and anger. ==usage== in addition to using outposts of tyranny in a 2005 written submission to the u.s. senate committee on foreign relations, rice provided details to characterize "a fear society" in her prepared remarks before the senate foreign relations committee on january 18, 2005:the world should apply what natan sharansky calls the "town square test": if a person cannot walk into the middle of the town square and express his or her views without fear of arrest, imprisonment, or physical harm, then that person is living in a fear society, not a free society. we cannot rest until every person living in a "fear society" has finally won their freedom."ricetestimony050118.pdf rice went on to identify belarus, burma, cuba, iran, north korea and zimbabwe as examples of outposts of tyranny. other governments were implicitly criticized in her remarks by being part of the broader middle east: "in the middle east, president bush has broken with six decades of excusing and accommodating the lack of freedom in the hope of purchasing stability at the price of liberty. the stakes could not be higher. as long as the broader middle east remains a region of tyranny and despair and anger, it will produce extremists and movements that threaten the safety of americans and our friends." ==reactions== the north korean government took strong exception to the label, declaring that it would not return to six-party talks on the korean nuclear weapons crisis until the united states apologized. on june 21, 2005, u.s. under secretary of state for democracy and global affairs paula dobriansky used the term during a speech for the hudson institute: "north korea, burma, zimbabwe and cuba are outposts of tyranny." in response, the
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