   the world intellectual property organization copyright treaty (wipo copyright treaty or wct) is an international treaty on copyright law adopted by the member states of the world intellectual property organization (wipo) in 1996. it provides additional protections for copyright deemed necessary due to advances in information technology since the formation of previous copyright treaties before it. it ensures that computer programs are protected as literary works (article 4), and that the arrangement and selection of material in databases is protected (article 5). it provides authors of works with control over their rental and distribution in articles 6 to 8 which they may not have under the berne convention alone. it also prohibits circumvention of technological measures for the protection of works (article 11) and unauthorized modification of rights management information contained in works (article 12). there have been a variety of criticisms of this treaty, including that it is too broad (for example in its prohibition of circumvention of technical protection measures, even where such circumvention is used in the pursuit of legal and fair use rights) and that it applies a 'one size fits all' standard to all signatory countries despite widely differing stages of economic development and knowledge industry. ==implementation== the wipo copyright treaty is implemented in united states law by the digital millennium copyright act (dmca). by decision 2000/278/ec of 16 march 2000, the council of the european union approved the treaty on behalf of the european community. european union directives which largely cover the subject matter of the treaty are: [[directive on the legal protection of computer 
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