 dysarthria (from ancient greek Î´ÏÏ- dys, "hard, difficult, bad" and á¼ÏÎ¸ÏÏÏÎ¹Ï arthrosis, "articulation") is a motor speech disorder resulting from neurological injury of the motor component of the motor-speech system and is characterized by poor articulation of phonemes (cf. aphasia: a disorder of the content of language). in other words, it is a condition in which problems effectively occur with the muscles that help produce speech, often making it very difficult to pronounce words. it is unrelated to any problem with understanding cognitive language. any of the speech subsystems (respiration, phonation, resonance, prosody, and articulation) can be affected, leading to impairments in intelligibility, audibility, naturalness, and efficiency of vocal communication. dysarthria that has progressed to or presents as a total loss of speech may be referred to as anarthria. neurological injury due to damage in the central or peripheral nervous system may result in weakness, paralysis, or a lack of coordination of the motor-speech system, producing dysarthria. these effects in turn hinder control over the tongue, throat, lips or lungs for example; swallowing problems (dysphagia) are also often present. the term dysarthria does not include speech disorders from structural abnormalities, such as cleft palate, and must not be confused with apraxia of speech, which refers to problems in the planning and programming aspect of the motor-speech system. cranial nerves that control these muscles include the trigeminal nerve's motor branch (v), the facial nerve (vii), the glossopharyngeal nerve (ix), the vagus nerve (x), and the hypoglossal nerve (xii). ==classification== dysarthrias are classified in multiple ways based on the presen
Communication_disorders Symptoms_and_signs:_Nervous_system Symptoms_and_signs:_Speech_and_voice