 existential humanism is a concept that can be understood in several different ways, each tending to validate the human subject as struggling for self-knowledge and self-responsibility.g. b. messer/a. s. gurman, essential psychotherapies (2011) p. 261-2 ==concepts== sÃ¸ren kierkegaard suggested that the best use of our capacity for making choices is to freely choose to live a fully human life, rooted in a personal search for values, rather than an external code.g. b. messer/a. s. gurman, essential psychotherapies (2011) p. 261-2 jean-paul sartre said existentialism is a humanism because it expresses the power of human beings to make freely-willed choices, independent of the influence of religion or society. unlike traditional humanisms, however, sartre disavowed any reliance on an essential nature of man â on deriving values from the facts of human nature â but rather saw human value as self-created through undertaking projects in the world: experiments in living.b. leiter/m. rosen eds., the oxford handbook of continental philosophy (2007) p. 674-7 and p. 691 albert camus, in his book the plague, suggests that some of us may choose to be heroic, even knowing that it will bring us neither reward nor salvation; and simone de beauvoir, in her book the ethics of ambiguity, argues that embracing our own personal freedom requires us to fight for the freedoms of all humanity.ethics of ambiguity by simone de beauvoir ==criticism== martin heidegger attacked sartre's concept of existential humanism in his letter on humanism of 1946, accusing sarte of elevating reason above being.e. roudinesco, jacques lacan (2005) p. 16 michel foucault followed heidegger in attacking sartre's humanism as a kind of theology of man,g. gutting ed., the cambridge companion to foucault (2003) p. 161 though in his emphasis on the self-creation of the human being he has in fact been seen as very close to sartre's existential humanism.b. leiter/m. rosen eds., the oxford handbook of continental philosophy (2007) p. 702 ==see also==  ==references==  ==external links== * christian existential humanism
Humanism Types_of_existentialism