Judul: Analisi kekuatan gel (Gel strength) agar-agar komersial berdasarkan konsentrasi sulfat dan konsentrasi 3,6-anhidro-L galaktosa
Abstrak: Rumput laut merupakan salah satu hasil laut berpotensi tinggi untuk dikembangkan. Di samping sebagai bahan makanan dan obat-obatan, rumput laut dapat diolah menjadi beberapa produk komersial, salah satunya adalah agar-agar. Banyaknya produk agar-agar komersial menyebabkan beberapa kendala dalam memilih produk agar-agar yang berkualitas tinggi.
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Judul: Mempelajari Cara Ekstraksi Dengan Pra Perlakuan Asam Dalam Pembuatan Agar Dari Rumput Laut Jenis Gelidium sp.
Abstrak: Rumput laut merupakan salah satu komoditi ekspor non migas yang tersebar luas di seluruh perairan pantai kepulauan Indonesia. Ekspor rumput laut sebagai bahan baku meningkat terus setiap tahun, tetapi hasil olahan rumput laut di dalam negri belum berkembang sebagaimana mestinya. Masalah yang dihadapi adalah usaha meningkatkan daya guna hasil olahan rumput laut yang belum baik, khususnya belum dikuasainya pengolahan yang baik. teknologi Penelitian yang dilakukan mempelajari kondisi optimum interaksi jumlah air pengekstrak (A) dan pra- perlakuan asam (B) terhadap nilai rendemen dan kekuatan gel serta analisa sifat fisiko-kimia agar yang dihasilkan dari ekstraksi rumput laut jenis Gelidium sp. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa semakin banyak jumlah air pengekstrak, maka rendemen agar cenderung semakin meningkat. Penambahan jumlah air pengekstrak 40X (A3) menghasilkan rendemen agar tertinggi. Pra-perlakuan asam berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap rendemen agar, pada praperlakuan asam cuka 3 % didapat nilai rendemen tertinggi. Kekuatan gel agar dipengaruhi sangat nyata oleh jumlah air pengekstrak dan pra-perlakuan asam. Semakin sedikit jumlah air pengekstrak maka kekuatan gel cenderung meningkat, sedangkan semakin besar konsentrasi asam pada pra-perlakuan asam, baik asam cuka maupun asam sulfat maka kekuatan gel agar cenderung turun. Analisa sifat fisiko-kimia agar menunjukkan hasil bahwa kadar air berkisar antara 16.25-18.86%, kadar abu berkisar 4.17-8.82%, kadar protein berkisar 0.115- 0.195%, kadar galaktosa berkisar 41.03-60.06%, sulfat berkisar 0.341-2.367% sedangkan kandungan berat Cu rata-rata 0.0186 ppm, Pb rata-rata 0.250 kadar logam ppm, Hg rata-rata 0.018 ppm dan As negatif. Sifat fisiko- kimia agar yang diteliti, kecuali kadar abu memenuhi syarat atau standar yang ditetapkan oleh SII, FCC, FDA maupun Japan Agar Control co…dst
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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