Judul: Kajian Histopatologi dan Imunologi Ayam pedaging yang Divaksin Newcastle Disease Strain La Sota dan Ditantang dengan Virus Newcastle Disease Strain Velogenik Indonesia (VND/Tasik/M13/2009)
Abstrak: Newcastle Disease (ND) is a highly contagious and very virulent avian disease in all age of poultry. The aims of this study were to investigate the protective level of antibody, clinical signs, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry analyses of selected internal organs of broiler which obtained La Sota Strain of ND Vaccine and then being challenged with local strain of velogenic ND virus. Eighty birds used and divided into 4 groups @ 20 birds. The treatment birds were vaccinated with live and killed ND vaccine on 4th days old. Two groups were challenged at 25th days of age intramuscularly with 104 EID50 /0.1 ml/bird of velogenic virulent ND virus. Sera were collected at 1, 18, 22, 28, 30, and 32 days of age. Three birds from each group were examined for protective antibody level using Hemaglutination inhibition (HI) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 3, 5, and 7 days post inoculation with virulent ND virus. The HI test result at 28th and 32nd days old showed that antibody level of birds obtained vaccination and followed by virus challenging were higher than those the vaccinated birds but not be challenged. The unvaccinated group showed clinical signs such as anorexia, sleepy, weakness, greenish diarrhea, and death on 3rd days onward after infection. Histopathological lesions indicated hyperemia, haemorrhages, hyperplasia, mononuclear cells infiltration, oedema, and necrosis of proventriculus and intestines. Neuronal necrosis, gliosis, vasculitis, perivascular infiltration with mononuclear cells, and endothelial hypertrophy were also observed in the brain. Immunohistochemically, ND virus antigen was detected in the endothelial cells of brain, lung, kidney, and cryptae of duodenum, but negative immunoreactivities in proventriculus. All unvaccinated birds and then challenged with ND virus were died within 7 days post challenge.
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Judul: Studi Kemampuan Vaksin ND-IB Lived: Pembentuk Kekebalan dan Perlindungan terhadap Paparan Virus Newcastle Disease pada Ayam Pedaging
Abstrak: The objective of this study was to measure the antibody titer of broilers were vaccinated with lived ND LaSota-IB H120 vaccine, and to observe the clinical signs and pathological lesions on challenged group. As much as 60 commercial Day Old Chicks were used in the experimental. Twenty chickens were bleed at day one to measure maternal antibody against Newcastle Disease (ND) using Hemaglutination Inhibition (HI) Test. The remaining fourty chickens were divided into four groups. Each group consisted of ten broilers. Group K1 and K2 were unvaccinated. Group K3 and K4 were vaccinated on the 2nd day according to the manufacture procedure. Challenge was carried out on 14th day (12th day post vaccination) to group K1 and K3 with ND Indonesia isolate virus. Blood samples from unvaccinated and vaccinated group were taken on 7th, 14th, and 22nd day. The result showed that chickens had high maternal antibody titer. The combination of intranasal and oral vaccination was able to produced protective antibody against ND viral infection. Vaccination was able to reduced lethargy and petechiae cecal tonsil. The clinical signs and pathological lesions were more severe on unvaccinated group.
Keyword: vaccine, Newcastle Disease, LaSota H-120, HI test, Broiler

Judul: : Persamaan Tunggal sebagai Representasi Kurva Komposit
Abstrak: A mathematical method is introduced to represent a composite curve based on an extension of analytic geometry. The representation is given either with a single equation or with two equations, in the case of parametric representation. This method permits the representation of composite curves in similar manner to the conventional representation of non-composite curves. Some mathematical tools, including Heaviside unit step function and periodizer function, are used in the establishment of a single equation. In this paper, regular equations of regular and irregular polygon, as well as composite curves of two dimensions, are implemented using a computer algebraic system, Mathematica.
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