Judul: Analisis sekuens DNA gen apositokrom b untuk studi hubungan evolusi dari tiga subspecies Oryza sativa : Indica, Javanica, dan Japonica
Abstrak: Studi mengenai klasifikasi dan hubungan evolusi dari spesies padi akan berguna untuk mempelajari asal-usul dan penyebaran padi di dunia. Berdasarkan sifat morfologinya padi dibagi menjadi 23 spesies. tetapi hanya dua spesies yang ditanam manusia sejak dahulu. yaitu 0. glaberrima dan 0. saliva. Spesies 0. saliva dibagi menjadi tiga subspesies, yaitu japonica. indica. dan javanica. Sekarang ini pendckatan yang digrmakan untuk menelusuri hubungan evolusi dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan genetika molekul. seperti berdasarkan isozim dan analisis sekuens DNA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari hubungan evolusi dari tiga subspesies 0. saliva dengan menggunakan gen apositokrom b sebagai marka. Gen ini dipilih karena gen highy conserved. Studi ini merupakan penelitian awal untuk mempelajari migrasi penduduk melalui hubungan evolusi dari padi­padian yang ditemukan di situs purbakala. Ada pun tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah (I) isolasi DNA dari bulir padi. (2) po(vmerase chain reaction (PCR). (3) kloning. (.\) sekuensing DNA dengan automatic Dl\'A sequencer AB! Prism 377, 5) hasil sekuensing dibandingkan dengan refercns japonica dan indica. Sampel yang digunakan adalah beras koshihikari (japonica). beras membramo dan IR 64 (indica). beras pandanwangi, dan rojolele (iavanica). Pada penelitian ini berhasil diperoleh sekuens lengkap gen apositokrom b dari semua sampel dengan ukuran sebesar 1194 pasangan basa (pb ). Setelah dianalisis, sekuens gen apositokrom b dari semua sampel identik dengan referens japonica. Dengan demikian tidak bisa dibedakan antara ketiga subspesies tersebut dilihat dari sekuens gen apositokrom b-nya. Sementara itu. sekuens sampcl indica berbeda tujuh nukleotida dengan referens indica. yaitu pada nnkleotida ke-82. 84. 92. 120.175, 880. dan 1186 yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan asam amino. Walaupun demikian hasil penelilian ini dapat digunakan untuk meneliti padi-padim1 yang ditemukm1 di situs purbakala.
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Judul: Analisis Sidik Jari DNA Padi Beras Merah, Padi Aromatik, dan Padi Genjah
Abstrak: Rice is one of major crops comodities with a high fenotype diversity. It can be divided into 3 cluster, red rice, aromatic rice, and genjah rice. The differences between those cluster, can be seen from fenotype and genotype of each variety using molecular markers based on gene. The objective of this research is to identify the specific character of red rice, aromatic rice, and genjah rice and the genetic diversity using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) molecular markers. Material genetic from rice was isolated using isolation DNA standard method, break the cell wall, expel parts of the cell, and precipitate the DNA parts (Sambrook method), and then the isolate was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification procedure. Subsequently, analysis by association, evolution, and linkage (TASSEL) software was used for data processing. Genetic variation is based on the result of DNA amplification using PCR process from rice variety used. The results of this research showed the variation of DNA bands from 100 bp until 350 bp of red rice, aromatic rice, and genjah rice varies, also there is association between fenotype and genotype of variety in cluster. TASSEL was used to obtain description of variety and produced a dendrogram that show us the variety type of those variety, also which variety and markers has a significant result in amplification procedure.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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