Judul: Clarification of Coconut Syrup with the Addition of Milk as a Binding Agent of Insoluble Materials
Abstrak: Produk sirup kelapa yang diproduksi oleh Koperasi W didistribusikan dan diekspor hingga ke luar negeri. Salah satu tantangan yang dihadapi pabrik adalah adanya endapan pada produk setelah penyimpanan. Upaya yang telah dilakukan yaitu menggunakan penyaring vakum dalam proses penyaringan, namun belum dapat menghasilkan sirup kelapa tanpa endapan. Proyek ini bertujuan mencegah terbentuknya endapan pada sirup kelapa selama penyimpanan produk setelah dikemas. Penghilangan endapan dilakukan menggunakan metode koagulasi-flokulasi dengan menambahkan koagulan berupa susu steril atau murni pada proses pemasakan nira, sehingga mempermudah proses penyaringan bahan yang tidak larut dalam nira kelapa. Penambahan susu 0,4% (v/v) pada pemasakan pertama nira tidak menghasilkan endapan, memiliki tingkat kesukaan panelis yang lebih tinggi pada uji organoleptik serta memiliki tingkat kekentalan dan proksimat yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan produk yang dihasilkan oleh pabrik. Kata kunci: endapan, koagulan, sirup kelapa, Coconut syrup products produced by the W Cooperative are distributed and exported overseas. One of the challenges facing factories is the presence of deposits on the product after storage. Efforts have been made, namely using a vacuum filter in the filtering process, but have not been able to produce coconut syrup without sediment. This project aims to prevent the formation of deposits in coconut syrup during product storage after packaging. The removal of precipitates is carried out using the coagulation-flocculation method by adding a coagulant in the form of sterile or pure milk in the sap cooking process, thus facilitating the process of filtering materials that are not soluble in coconut sap. The addition of 0.4% (v/v) milk in the first cooking of the sap did not produce a precipitate, had a higher level of preference by the panelists in the organoleptic test and had a viscosity and proximate level that was not much different from the product produced by the factory. Keywords: sediment, coagulant, coconut syrup
Keyword: sediment, coagulant, coconut syrup

Judul: Analysis of Changes in Coconut Syrup  Production Costs After Designing the Improvement of Coconut Liquid Sugar  (Syrup) Production Process
Abstrak: Sirup kelapa yang diproduksi oleh Koperasi W mulai didistribusikan dan diekspor, namun masih terdapat kendala berupa endapan pada sirup. Perbaikan proses produksi telah berhasil dilakukan untuk mengatasi endapan yang terbentuk pada produk akhir sirup kelapa dengan penambahan susu 0,4% (v/v) pada pemasakan pertama nira tidak menghasilkan endapan, memiliki tingkat kesukaan panelis yang lebih tinggi pada uji organoleptik serta memiliki tingkat kekentalan, kadar air dan proksimat yang baik. Perbaikan proses produksi sirup kelapa dengan penambahan bahan koagulan mempengaruhi harga jual produk sirup kelapa dan faktor biaya lainnya. Proyek ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perubahan biaya produksi terhadap faktor biaya setelah perbaikan proses produksi dengan penambahan bahan tambahan koagulan susu. Analisis biaya produksi dilakukan dengan analisis kuantitatif yaitu mengukur tingkat kelayakan sirup kelapa berdasarkan perubahan nilai Harga Pokok Penjualan (HPP) Produk, Break Even Point (BEP), Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C), Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C) serta Payback Period dan analisis sensitivitas dengan asumsi faktor biaya bahan baku nira dan biaya bahan tambahan koagulan. Hasil analisis biaya menunjukkan (HPP) Produk meningkat menjadi Rp 34.276/botol, BEP yang harus dicapai sebanyak 7.590 botol, nilai R/C 1,17, nilai B/C 1,39 dan PBP selama 8,621 bulan. Nilai R/C dan B/C yang lebih besar dari 1 menunjukkan bisnis ini layak dijalankan selama usaha berjalan sesuai dengan asumsi dan parameter teknis yang ditentukan. Analisis sensitivitas yang dihitung pada beberapa faktor perubahan menunjukkan bahwa produksi gula cair (sirup) kelapa mengalami kerugian atau tidak layak untuk dilanjutkan pada keadaan kenaikan biaya bahan baku dan kenaikan biaya bahan koagulan secara bersamaan., The coconut syrup produced by W cooperative has begun to be distributed and exported, but there are still obstacles in the form of deposits in the syrup. Improvements in the production process have been successfully carried out to overcome the deposits formed in the final product of coconut syrup with the addition of 0.4% (v/v) milk on the first cooking of the sap which does not produce sediment, has a higher level of panelist preference in organoleptic tests and has a viscosity level. , moisture content and good proximate. Improving the coconut syrup production process with the addition of coagulant ingredients affects the selling price of coconut syrup products and other cost factors. This project aims to analyze the effect of changes in production costs on cost factors after improving the production process by adding milk coagulant additives. Production cost analysis is carried out by quantitative analysis, namely measuring the feasibility of coconut syrup based on changes in the value of the Product Cost of Goods Sold (HPP), Break Even Point (BEP), Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C), Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C) and Payback Period and sensitivity analysis with the assumption of the cost of raw material sap and the cost of coagulant additives. The results of the cost analysis showed (HPP) the product increased to Rp. 34,276/bottle, the BEP to be achieved was 7,590 bottles, the R/C value was 1.17, the B/C value was 1.39 and the PBP was 8.621 months. R/C and B/C values greater than 1 indicate that this business is feasible to run as long as the business runs according to the assumptions and technical
Keyword: cost analysis, sensitivity analysis, coconut syrup

Judul: Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Trait in Categorical Scale
Abstrak: Genes or regions on chromosome underlying a quantitative trait are called Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL). Characterizing genes controlling quantitative trait on their position in chromosome and their effect on trait is through a process called QTL mapping. In estimating the QTL position and its effect, QTL mapping basically utilize the association between QTL and DNA markers. However, many important traits are obtained in categorical scale, such as resistance from certain disease. From a theoretical point of view, QTL mapping method assuming continuous trait could not be applied to categorical trait. This research was focusing on the assessment of the performance of Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Regression (REG) approach employed in QTL mapping as well as the performance of Lander and Botstein (LB) and Piepho method in determining critical value in testing the existence of QTL for binary and ordinal trait by means of simulation study. The simulation study to evaluate the performance of ML and REG approach was conducted by taking into account several factors that may affecting the performance of both approaches. The factors are: (1) marker density; (2) QTL effect; (3) sample size; (4) shape of phenotypic distribution; (5) number of categories; and (6) number of QTL. Moreover, the simulation study for evaluating LB and Piepho method in determining critical value was conducted by generating distribution of the test statistic under null hypothesis. From simulation study, it was obtained that LB and Piepho method showing similar performance in determining critical value in testing the existence of QTL for binary and ordinal trait. The simulation study also indicating that both methods could be used in determining critical value in QTL mapping analysis for binary trait as well as for ordinal trait if the REG approach is used but not if ML approach is used due to their poor performance. In assessing the performance of ML and REG approach in QTL mapping analysis for binary trait, the two approaches showing comparable performance; whereas for ordinal trait REG approach showing poor performance compared with ML approach in estimating thresholds. As a result, in QTL mapping analysis, ML and REG approach could be used when dealing with binary trait, whereas ML approach is suggested when dealing with ordinal trait.
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