Judul: Perbandingan Sonogram Vesika Urinaria dan Uretra Normal Kucing Kampung (Felis calus) dengan Tiga Kasus Gangguan Saluran Urinaria Bawah pada Kucing
Abstrak: The purpose of this study was to determine sonogram of normal urinary bladder wall thickness and urethra in healthy domestic cats, and then compared the results with three cases of lower urinary tract disorders in cats. Three healthy domestic cats and three cats with lower urinary tract disorders were used in this study. The urinary bladder wall thickness of healthy cats was measured using ultrasonography equipped with a transducer of 5 MHz. In healthy domestic cats, examination was performed on sagittal and transversal plane of urinary bladder filled with aquabidest of volume 0, 3, 5, and 7 ml/kgBW inserted through urethra catheter. The results were then compared with urinary bladder wall thickness of three cats with lower urinary tract disorders. The wall of normal urinary bladder was hypo-hyperechoic and the lumen was anechoic. Futhermore, sonogram of urinary bladder showed the wall thickness becomes thinner when a larger volume of aquabidest was inserted into the urinary bladder. The wall of urethra was hyperechoic and the thickness was relatively constant. In three cases with lower urinary tract disorders were found uneven thickening and more hyperechoic of urinary bladder wall compared with results of healthy cats. The crystalsprecipitate detected as hypoechoic massa nd urolith was detected as hyperechoic solid mass. In conclusion, the bladder wall thickness depends on the level of distension, while urethra has aconstant thickness. The result of this study can be used as references to determine abnormalities in bladder.
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Judul: Sonogram Lambung, Duodenum, dan Pankreas Normal pada Kucing Kampung (Felis catus)
Abstrak: Ultrasonography (USG) is an ultrasound-based diagnostic imaging technique used for visualizing internal body structures including tendons, muscles, joints, vessels and abdominal internal organs for possible pathology or lesions. It is can be used also to help confirming the diagnosis of a disease and recognizing uncommon forms, size, and echogenity of each organs. The purpose of this research is to obtain sonogram from specific internal organs; normal stomach, duodenum and pancreas of domestic cats (Felis catus) thus identify each layer and size. The research performed with two-dimensional ultrasonography and a transducer frequency of 7.5 MHz. It is performed on four healthy male domestic cats with 3.0 - 4.0 kg body weight. Stomach and duodenum were observed at right lateral recumbency with transverse and sagittal planes transducer. Pancreas was observed in dorsal recumbency position at the transducer sagittal projection. The result showed stomach and duodenum sonogram were multi-variety of echogenic wall layer such as hypoechoic mucosa and tunica muscularis, hyperechoic submucosa and serous. While pancreas sonogram show as homogen hypoechoic structure. The research also figure out the stomach and duodenum layer thicknesses and the diameter of pancreas. As an overall conclusion, ultrasonography gives a good overview for the form and internal structure of the stomach, duodenum, pancreas and can define each layer of the stomach and duodenum.
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Judul: Pengusahaan tanaman kelapa sawit di Perkebunan Bekri PT Perkebunan X Tanjung Karang, Lampung
Abstrak: Kelapa sawit untuk pertama kalinya dimasukkan ke Indonesia pada tahun 1848, deri negara asalnya Afrika. Kelapa sawit yang didatangkan dari Afrika ini berjumlah empat pohon dan ditanam di Kebun Raya Bogor. Pada tahun 1911 mulai dikembangkan sebagai tanaman perkebunan di Indonesia (Anonim, 1975a dan Soebiapradja, 1975). Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara produsen minyak sawit di dunia, saat ini menduduki posisi nomor tiga setelah Malaysia dan Nigeria dengan jumlah produksi 400 000 ton tiap tahunnya (Anonim, 1978). Dalam tahun-tahun terakhir ini Indonesia menghasilkan kira-kira 12 persen dari minyak sawit dunia. Angka-angka produksi menanjak dari 150 000 ton di awal tahun 60-an sampai 375 000 ton dalam tahun 1975 (Tabel 1). Dapat diramalkan bahwa kenaikan producsi minyak sawit Indonesia akan mencapai sejuta ton lebih pada tahun 1989. Hal ini mengingat penyebaran tingkat usia tanaman dewasa ini dan usaha-usaha yang terarah, seperti di bidang penyuluhan kepada perkebunan-perkebunan serta perbaikan hasil-hasil produksi tandan dan rendemen minyak dari persilangan Dura x Pisifera (Paardekooper dan Daswir, 1976). ...
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