Judul: Suitability of Ship Dimensions and Engine Power Used by Small Scale Fishing Vessels at Palabuhanratu Fishing Port
Abstrak: Bahan bakar menjadi komponen penting dalam operasi penangkapan ikan di Palabuhanratu, namun tingginya harga bahan bakar menjadi beban bagi nelayan dan pemilik kapal. Untuk menghemat biaya operasional, perlu dilakukan evaluasi kesesuaian dimensi kapal perikanan dengan daya mesin yang digunakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kesesuaian dimensi kapal dengan daya mesin yang digunakan serta kebutuhan bahan bakar operasi penangkapan ikan. Pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah dengan membandingkan daya mesin yang digunakan dengan kebutuhan daya mesin teoritis dan antara jumlah bahan bakar yang dibawa saat trip penangkapan dengan kebutuhan bahan bakar teoritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mesin yang digunakan oleh mayoritas kapal skala kecil di PPN Palabuhanratu masih terlalu besar dari kebutuhannya, kecuali pada kapal kayu yang menggunakan motor tempel 40 PK. Nelayan cenderung membawa bahan bakar lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan kebutuhan bahan bakar teoritis dengan rata-rata sebesar 62,1%. Selain karena menggunakan ukuran mesin yang lebih besar dari yang seharusnya, hal ini juga disebabkan oleh kecenderungan nelayan menyediakan BBM cadangan selama operasi penangkapan ikan., Fuel is an important component in fishing operations in Palabuhanratu, but the high price of fuel is a burden for fishermen and boat owners. To save operational costs, it is necessary to evaluate the suitability of fishing vessel dimensions with the engine power used. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the suitability of vessel dimensions with the engine power used and the fuel requirements of fishing operations. The approach taken was to compare the engine power used with the theoretical engine power requirements and between the amount of fuel carried during the fishing trip with the theoretical fuel requirements. The results showed that the engines used by the majority of small- scale vessels in PPN Palabuhanratu were still too large for their needs, except for wooden vessels using 40 PK outboard motors. Fishermen tend to carry more fuel than the theoretical fuel needs with an average of 62.1%. In addition to using a larger engine size than necessary, this is also due to the tendency of fishermen to provide spare fuel during fishing operations.
Keyword: BHP, fishing vessels, fishing vessels engine, fuel, PPN Palabuhanratu

Judul: Fuel Needs for Fishing Vessels at Palabuhanratu Nusantara Fishing Port
Abstrak: Fasilitas penyediaan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) seperti Instalasi Bahan Bakar Minyak merupakan salah satu fasilitas fungsional pelabuhan perikanan. Namun nelayan masih kesulitan dalam mengakses BBM dengan harga normal dan stok yang tersedia tidak pasti. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi jenis dan menghitung jumlah BBM yang dibutuhkan kapal perikanan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Palabuhanratu, mengidentifikasi jenis dan menghitung jumlah BBM yang disediakan penyalur BBM resmi, serta menentukan persediaan kebutuhan BBM dan merekomendasikan distribusi BBM yang baik bagi nelayan di PPN Palabuhanratu. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif dan analisis matematika sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nelayan PPN Palabuhanratu membutuhkan BBM jenis solar dan bensin. Kebutuhan solar subsidi oleh kapal ≤ 30 GT sebesar 533.398 liter selama satu tahun. Kebutuhan solar industri sebanyak 2.556.000 liter dalam setahun. BBM jenis bensin yang dibutuhkan sebesar 233.034 liter dalam setahun. Rekomendasi untuk pendistribusian BBM yang lebih baik adalah melakukan penyederhanaan administasi perikanan agar mudah dalam mengakses BBM subsidi (satu identitas multifungsi), menggunakan perhitungan hasil penelitian untuk referensi kuota BBM dan membuka informasi akses kuota ketersediaan BBM untuk sektor perikanan pada setiap tempat pengisian BBM di sekitar PPN Palabuhanratu, dan membuat mekanisme terstruktur dan pengawasan ketat untuk pembelian BBM subsidi dan non subsidi., Facilities for providing fuel, such as installation of fuel is one of the functional facilities of fishing ports. Fishermen still have difficulty in accessing fuel at normal prices and the available stock is uncertain. The purposes of this study are to identify the type and calculate the amount of fuel needed by fishing vessels at the NFP Palabuhanratu, identify the type and calculate the amount of fuel provided by official fuel distributors, and determine the supply of fuel needs and recommend a good distribution of fuel for fishermen in NFP Palabuhanratu. The analytical method used was descriptive analysis and simple mathematical analysis. The results showed that fishermen in NFP Palabuhanratu needed diesel and gasoline. The need for subsidized diesel by ships ≤ 30 GT were 533.398 liters a year. Industrial diesel needs as much as 2.556.000 liters in a year. The type of gasoline needed were 233.034 liters in a year. Recommendations for better fuel distribution are simplifying fisheries administration so that it is easy to access subsidized fuel (one multifunctional identity), using research results calculations to reference fuel quotas and opening information on fuel availability quota access for the fisheries sector at each official fuel distributors around NFP Palabuhanratu, and create a structured mechanism and strict supervision for the purchase of subsidized and non-subsidized fuel.
Keyword: fuel, gasoline, fishing vessels, NFP Palabuhanratu, diesel fuel

Judul: Kualitas mikrobiologi keju: keberadaan staphylococcus aureus pada tahap pembuatan keju gouda
Abstrak: Milk and its derivative products could potentially transmit pathogenic microorganisms from animals to human. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the microorganisms that commonly presents in milk and dairy products. This bacteria is often associated with foodborne disease outbreaks due to the ability of some strains to produce thermostable enterotoxins. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of S. aureus during the Gouda cheese manufacturing process. Samples were obtained from every stages of Gouda cheese production. Staphylococcus aureus analysis was performed using pour plate method in Vogel Johnson agar. The number of S. aureus in raw milk was 2.4 x 103 CFU/ml (exceeding the maximum level for contaminant specified by BSN in SNI No. 3141.1-2011). The number of this bacteria increased in the following stages. The highest level was reached in young Gouda cheese (3.6 x 106 CFU/g). This level significantly increased from ripened cheese to become young Gouda cheese and remained stable during the ripening process. The high level of S. aureus in Gouda cheese (exceeding the maximum level for contaminant specified by BSN in SNI No. 7388-2009) indicates it could be potentially cause foodborne disease.
Keyword: foodborne disease, Gouda cheese, milk, Staphylococcus aureus