Judul: Pola elektroforesis, isoelektrik, fokusing dan imunodifusi dalam pengenalan daging dari beberapa spesies
Abstrak: Spesies daging ikan biasanya diketahui berdasarkan kepada morfologi dan keadaan fisik dari ikan sehingga memerlukan spesimen yang utuh. Untuk dapat mengenal dengan tepat suatu produk filet ikan atau daging lumat cara fisik ini tidak dapat digunakan apalagi kalau daging tersebut sudah mengalami pengolahan seperti pemasakan dan sterilisasi. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengenalan spesies daging ikan segar, daging ikan yang dipanaskan pada suhu 100" C dan daging ikan yang disterilisasi pada suhu 121" C masing masing selama 30 menit dengan menggunakan metode elektroforesis gel poliakrilamid tidak kontinyu (Disc-PAGE ), elektroforesisi gel poliakrilamid sodium dodesil sulfat (SDS-PAGE), isoelektrik fokusing gel poliakrilamid (PAGIF) serta metode imunodifusi.
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Judul: Karakteristik Fisika Kimia Gel Daging Lumat dan Bakso dari Daging Lumat Ikan Layaran (Istiophorus orientalis)
Abstrak: Ikan merupakan salah satu sumber protein hewani mengandung semua jenis asam amino essensial yang diperlukan oleh tubuh manusia. Berbagai upaya perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan konsumsi ikan, salah satunya dengan diversifikasi pengolahan hasil perikanan. Pemanfaatan daging lumat ikan layaran (Istiophorus orientalis) sebagai bahan pangan sumber protein diharapkan mampu mengubah pola makan masyarakat yang masih rendah terhadap konsumsi ikan. Penggunaan daging lumat ikan layaran (Istiophorus orientalis) diharapkan mampu menjaga kandungan mineral dan dapat mengetahui informasi tentang karakteristik fisika kimia daging lumat secara lengkap. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisika kimia gel daging lumat dan bakso dari daging lumat ikan layaran serta membandingkan bakso hasil penelitian dengan bakso komersial. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu karakteristik fisika kimia terhadap gel daging lumat serta karakteristik fisika kimia bakso ikan layaran. Karakteristik gel dan bakso ikan yang dievaluasi meliputi analisis fisika, kimia dan uji sensori. Nilai gel daging lumat ikan layaran merupakan yang terbaik untuk bahan pembuatan bakso ikan dibandingkan data pembanding. Komposisi kimia gel ikan layaran untuk kadar air sebesar 76,13%, kadar protein 11,20%, kadar abu 2,80%, kadar lemak 0,80%, kadar karbohidrat 9,07% dan protein larut garam sebesar 4,66%. Gel daging lumat ikan layaran menghasilkan kekuatan gel 1469,45 gf, derajat putih 63,03%, WHC 56,44% dengan nilai uji lipat 4,90 dan uji gigit 7,47. Penilaian sensori menunjukkan nilai antara 6,30-7,23 yang berarti panelis agak suka hingga suka terhadap produk gel daging lumat ikan layaran. Nilai kekuatan gel bakso daging lumat ikan layaran sebesar 755,65 gf, derajat putih 67,6%, WHC 56,51%. Hasil analisis proksimat bakso untuk kadar air sebesar 71,18%, kadar protein 8,37%, kadar abu 1,39%, kadar lemak 1,19%, kadar karbohidrat 17,87%, protein larut garam 3,33% dan pH 5,82.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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