Judul: Analisis daya saing teh hitam Indonesia di Pasar International
Abstrak: Tujuan umum penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis daya saing teh hitam Indonesia di pasar internasional dan secara khusus menganalisis kebijakan input dan output, serta dampak alternatif kebijakan terhadap daya saing dan mengetahui kendala- Kendala ekspor teh hitam Indonesia. Sampel adalah perusahaan milik pemerintah dan nilik swasta produsen teh hitam untuk ekspor, berlokasi di Jawa Barat yang dipilih secara purposive. Unit analisis adalah pabrik pengolah dipilih secara proporsional dari jumlah pabrik masing-masing perusahaan. Data mulai tahap pengolahan sampai pemasaran siap ekspor selama satu tahun (tahun 1997) dengan alat analisis PAM (Policy Analysis Matrix).
Keyword: Policy Analysis Matrix, Teh Hitam, Daya Saing

Judul: Analisis permintaan dan penawaran teh Indonesia di pasaran domestik dan international
Abstrak: Dalam segi permintaan di pasaran domestik, baik teh hitam maupun teh hijau permintaannya tidak dipengaruhi oleh harganya, komoditi substitusinya, pendapatan konsumen, mau- pun tingkat konsumsi yang diinginkan oleh konsumen. Pen- dekatan secara keseluruhan (Agregat), juga diperoleh hasil yang konsisten. Dalam segi penawaran ekspor, teh hitam relatif telah berorentasi pada pasaran internasional. Disamping itu penawaran teh hitam di pasaran internasional juga dipengaruhi oleh pena- waran pada pasaran domestik pada periode sebelumnya, dan ni lai tukar. Sedangkan pengaruh dari variabel-variabel permintaan dan penawaran domestik lainnya tidak menunjukkan penga ruh terhadap penawaran ekspor teh Indonesia, hal ini disebabkan oleh karena teh hitam dalam strategi pemasarannya memang berorentasi pada ekspor. Dalam segi daya saing, ekspor teh Indonesia di pasaran internasional bersaing dengan teh dari Tanzania; bersifat independen dengan teh dari India, Srilangka, dan Kenya; dan mempunyai daya saing yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ekspor teh dari Mozambik dan Uganda.
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Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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