Judul: Kajian Histopatologi dan Imunologi Ayam pedaging yang Divaksin Newcastle Disease Strain La Sota dan Ditantang dengan Virus Newcastle Disease Strain Velogenik Indonesia (VND/Tasik/M13/2009)
Abstrak: Newcastle Disease (ND) is a highly contagious and very virulent avian disease in all age of poultry. The aims of this study were to investigate the protective level of antibody, clinical signs, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry analyses of selected internal organs of broiler which obtained La Sota Strain of ND Vaccine and then being challenged with local strain of velogenic ND virus. Eighty birds used and divided into 4 groups @ 20 birds. The treatment birds were vaccinated with live and killed ND vaccine on 4th days old. Two groups were challenged at 25th days of age intramuscularly with 104 EID50 /0.1 ml/bird of velogenic virulent ND virus. Sera were collected at 1, 18, 22, 28, 30, and 32 days of age. Three birds from each group were examined for protective antibody level using Hemaglutination inhibition (HI) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 3, 5, and 7 days post inoculation with virulent ND virus. The HI test result at 28th and 32nd days old showed that antibody level of birds obtained vaccination and followed by virus challenging were higher than those the vaccinated birds but not be challenged. The unvaccinated group showed clinical signs such as anorexia, sleepy, weakness, greenish diarrhea, and death on 3rd days onward after infection. Histopathological lesions indicated hyperemia, haemorrhages, hyperplasia, mononuclear cells infiltration, oedema, and necrosis of proventriculus and intestines. Neuronal necrosis, gliosis, vasculitis, perivascular infiltration with mononuclear cells, and endothelial hypertrophy were also observed in the brain. Immunohistochemically, ND virus antigen was detected in the endothelial cells of brain, lung, kidney, and cryptae of duodenum, but negative immunoreactivities in proventriculus. All unvaccinated birds and then challenged with ND virus were died within 7 days post challenge.
Keyword: 

Judul: Efikasi Virus Newcastle Disease Apathogenic sebagai Vaksin Aktif pada Ayam Pedaging.
Abstrak: The research was conducted to study the efficacy of apathogenic Newcastle Disease (ND) virus as a live vaccine in broiler chicken. One hundred chickens were used and divided into three groups. The first group was vaccinated with apathogenic ND active vaccine on day 3 and 16, the second group was unvaccinated (control group), while the third group was used as a 0 day blood sampling. Challenge test was done to determine the protection ability of ND active vaccine at two after second vaccination. Antibody titer was measured from first week until the fourth week during research with haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The challenged test showed that the mortality number of vaccinated group was smaller (20%) compared to the unvaccinated group (60%). Test results showed that apathogenic ND active vaccine was able to induced antibody titer up to the protective level against the ND virus. Vaccination also able to protect the chicken from ND infection.
Keyword: HI Test, ND active vaccine, Newcastle Disease

Judul: : Persamaan Tunggal sebagai Representasi Kurva Komposit
Abstrak: A mathematical method is introduced to represent a composite curve based on an extension of analytic geometry. The representation is given either with a single equation or with two equations, in the case of parametric representation. This method permits the representation of composite curves in similar manner to the conventional representation of non-composite curves. Some mathematical tools, including Heaviside unit step function and periodizer function, are used in the establishment of a single equation. In this paper, regular equations of regular and irregular polygon, as well as composite curves of two dimensions, are implemented using a computer algebraic system, Mathematica.
Keyword: