Judul: Kearifan Lokal dalam Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Air di Kampung Kuta (Desa Karangpaningal, Kecamatan Tambaksari, Kabupaten Ciamis, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Water is important resources to fulfill human needs. So, water resources must managed properly in order to maintain the sustainability of resources. Water resources management should adapt to each area’s characteristic because it has different local wisdom. Local wisdom not only as the features of a community, but also as the effort for ecological environment sustainability. The purpose of this research is to identify the form of local wisdom that existed in Kampung Kuta and identify local wisdom implementation in taking care of water resources sustainability. The method of this research is qualitative approach with descriptive research type. This descriptive research gives clear picture about phenomenon of local wisdom and its application of water resources management. Researcher uses methodologies triangulation that is deep interview, limited of perception shares, and observation. Research data is presented in the form of daily note and presented in direct citation. This research is conduct in the countryside of Karangpaningal, District of Tambaksari, Sub-Province of Ciamis, Province of West Java. The result of this research shows existence of Pamali as the form of local wisdom that defended society in by generations. The form of pamali that become obligatory tradition norm of society that is continuity of tradition house, enjoinment of dead body obsequies, enjoinment of well making, and continuity Hutan Keramat. The culture of pamali as the local wisdom in Kampung Kuta not experiences of transformation. This local wisdom are fixed defended and effective in arranging society life and nature. Pamali are alighted from old generation to the rising generation. Transfers of knowledge are conducted by mouth passed by stories and effective for permanence the local wisdom. Local wisdom implementation in water resources management seen from Pamali that prohibit society to make well. Pamali has given positive impact of water resources sustainability in Kampung Kuta. This condition are proved with the of appreciation Kalpataru in the case of environment sustainability in 2002. Water resources in Kampung Kuta are used in two functions that is to fulfill everyday need and for ritual tradition Nyipuh in Hutan Keramat.
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Judul: Pengetahuan Lokal dalam Pengelolaan Hutan (Kasus di Desa Cijagang dan Desa Sukamulya Kabupaten Cianjur Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Villager, living around the forest, are depending their life on natural resources. This community exploit natural resources based on their local knowledge. Local knowledge is dinamically change over time, this issue makes this subject interesting for research that potentially enrich the local knowledge of the community. This reasearch is focused on farm forest management. It would concern issues about changes in local knowledge over time and also the role of local knowedge in economic life, environment sustainability, and social interaction among the community. Local knowledge have an important role for the community in their economy, ecology, and social life. Economically, local knowledge is important to help the community in making appropriate decision in investing an economically best valued plant and deciding the right farming technology to be used. Ecologically, local knowledge is important to guide the community to sustain the environment. Socially, local knowledge is important to help the community having a healthy social life by helping each other. Therefore the existance of local knowledge among the community have an important role in fulfilling the prosperity without ignoring the sustainable environment and social relationship among the community. This reaseach was held in March to April 2008 at Cijagang and Sukamulya villages, Sub district of Cikalongkulon. It took 60 respondents, 30 of them came from Cijagang and the other 30 came from Sukamulya. The data were collected by interviewing responden, observation and study of literature. The Data processed and analyzed by method of reduction, data presentation, and taking conclusion. Local knowledge in a form of cultural theme can be elaborated in many actions and ideas. Cultural theme in a farm forest management can be realized as land preparation, seed preparation, planting, cultivation and maintenance, and harvesting. This reasearch found some changes in local knowledge at Cijagang and Sukamulya community. In a land preparation, at ancient time people used to think that ritual is a must, but nowadays ritual is not abseloutely had to be done. In a seed preparation, at ancient time seed was collected from nature and prepared using traditional tools, but nowadays seed can be found in the nursery and prepared using modern tools . In a planting, at ancient time planting season begin by the traditional forecasting (direct stars observation by the farmer), but nowadays planting season begin by the modern weather forecasting. In a maintanance, at ancient time there are some custom rule that control the dislodgement of wild animal, but nowadays the rules are often ignored. In a harvesting, at ancient time incisions were done in a certain time with a certain consideration, but nowadays it does not have to through certain consideration. Local knowledge that exist among the Cijagang and Sukamulya community have important role in economy, ecology, and social life. 6 Economically, local knowledge in a land opening (observation of the direction and velocity of the wind during the land burning) has sustain the fertility of the land and increased harvest. Ecologically, local knowledge that encourage farmer to use natural substance instead of chemical substance help the community to sustain their environment. Socially, local knowledge help
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Judul: Pengujian Virus Newcastle Disease Gen VII Isolat Lapang Sebagai Virus Standar Pada Uji Tantang Vaksin
Abstrak: This study was conducted to determine the standard of Newcastle disease virus Gene VII field isolate as a virus challenge to vaccine test. A virus suspension that has previously been tested by HA test then titrated with EID50 using 30 Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) of 10 day old chicken embryonated eggs. In addition, chicken lethal dose50 (CLD50) test were used to determine the virus titer that could cause 50% death of the chicken population. The CLD50 test was used 25 day-old-chickens (DOC) divided into 5 groups. The virus was diluted from 10-1 to 10-8. The 104 to 10-8 dilution of NDV was infected to every group of chicken via eyedrop and intranasal with 0.1 ml/chicken dosage. Haemagglutination test showed that the allantoic fluid were contain high titers of NDV is 512 HAU. The infective NDV that had been titrated by EID50 test showed the virus titers is 109 EID50/0.1 ml or 1010 EID50/ml and the virus titers of CLD50 test e.i 106.48 CLD50/0.1 ml or 107.48 CLD50/ml. These results can be concluded that the NDV Gene VII field isolates were most appropriate to be used as a standard virus to vaccine test
Keyword: Newcastle Disease Virus Gene VII, HA tes, EID50 test, CLD50 test