Judul: Deteksi dan Interpretasi Target Di Dasar Laut Menggunakan Instrumen Side Scan Sonar.
Abstrak: Dasar laut adalah sebagian dari bumi yang wilayahnya belum terjelajahi secara keseluruhan, baik luas, kedalaman, maupun potensinya. Salah satu cara untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang berbagai aspek dari dasar laut adalah dengan sistem akustik bawah air seperti side scan sonar. Side scan sonar mampu membedakan besar kecil partikel penyusun permukaan dasar laut, seperti batuan, lumpur, pasir, kerikil, atau tipe-tipe dasar perairan lainnya. Instrumen ini mampu menangkap gelombang pasir atau riak-riak kecil yang tingginya beberapa sentimeter serta mampu memberikan informasi dengan rinci tentang kondisi topografi dasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeteksi dan menginterpretasikan target di dasar laut menggunakan instrumen side scan sonar.
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Judul: Deteksi dan Klasifikasi Dasar Laut Menggunakan Instrumen Side scan sonar
Abstrak: Side scan sonar is an underwater acoustic instrument that is capable for displaying the image of the seafloor and discriminate between large and small particles of the sea floor. This study aims to classify types of seafloor and measure seafloor backscatter values using side scan sonar. This study also use two different types of side scan sonar in two places to get more variant seafloor. Side scan sonar data of Klein System 3000 with a frequency of 500 kHz is taken in the Jakarta Bay and Data of Edgetech 4200 with a frequency of 300 kHz is taken in the Sunda Strait. Both the data side scan sonar processed using software Sonarweb and Sonarpro to display the image of the sea floor, and use Seisee to extract sediment backscatter values. Results of sea floor imagery in Jakarta Bay found the target in the form of mud, mud with excavation, and a shipwreck. Mosaic Klein System 3000 in Jakarta Bay seafloor show a dominant of mud. Extraction of backscatter obtained smallest value is mud -26.33 dB, mud with excavation -23.84 dB and the highest is shipwrecks -6.23 dB. Results seabed imagery found the target in the Sunda Strait seabed is mud, sand, biogenic sand, and a shipwreck. Seafloor in the Sunda Strait shows dominant of sand. Backscatter obtained smallest value is mud -14.25 dB , sand -12.22 dB, biogenic sand -13.56 dB , and shipwreck -4.20 dB.
Keyword: backscatter, Klein System 3000, Edgetech 4200, sediment

Judul: Nutritional Properties of Cocoa Pods as Ruminant Feedstuff
Abstrak: An attempt to increase cocoa pods quality feed for ruminant have been done using fermentation techniques with or without urea addition. Five treatments (Fresh cocoa pod = C; fermentation with addition urea 0 g/kg = U0 or ensilage; 10 g/kg = U1; 20 g/kg = U2 and 30 g/kg fresh substances of cocoa pods) have been examined for their effect on pH, proximate composition, N-fractions, amino acid compositions, cell wall constituents, anti nutritive compounds, in vitro gas production (Gb), estimate organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) of cocoa pods. Ensilage (U0) improve feed values of cocoa pods by weakening the lingo-cellulose or –hemicellulose bonds, resulting in higher in vitro gas production as well as higher OMD and ME contents compare to fresh cocoa pods. The protein value of cocoa pods, expressed as true protein (TP) or non ammonia nitrogen (NAN) minus urea nitrogen (UR) was also improved. Addition of urea affected the composition of the fibre fraction as to the proportion of NDF, ADF and ADL and the content of TP was slightly increased. Urea treatment increased Gb, OMD and ME compared to ensiled or fresh cocoa pods. The optimum level of urea for maximum Gb was 6.7 g/100 g DM cocoa pods. The optimum level to reach maximum OMD and ME were also reached at urea level 6.5 – 6.7 g/100 g DM cocoa pods.
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