Judul: Analisis Dampak Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) terhadap Ekspor Ikan Tuna Indonesia ke Negara-Negara APEC
Abstrak: Ikan tuna merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor potensial Indonesia. Indonesia sebagai salah satu produsen ikan tu na terbesar di dunia diharapkan mampu untuk meningkatkan produksinya di pasar dunia khususnya di negara-negara tujuan ekspor. Namun, saat ini perdagangan internasional mengalami hambatan baik tarif maupun non tarif. Negara-negara pelaku perdagangan cenderung memberlakukan tindakan Non Tarif Measures (NTMs). Kebijakan NTMs yang paling banyak diberlakukan adalah Sanitary and Phitosanitary (SPS) dan Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak NTMs terhadap ekspor tuna Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan yakni pendekatan inventory (coverage ratio dan frequency index) dan model gravity. Hasil pendekatan inventory menunjukkan Amerika Serikat sebagai negara yang memberlakukan NTMs terbanyak. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan SPS tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap ekspor ikan tuna dengan koefisien positif sebesar 0.002 dan TBT berpengaruh nyata dengan koefisien negatif sebesar 0.003.
Keyword: ikan tuna, model gravity, NTMs, SPS, TBT

Judul: ^aAnalisis Dampak Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) terhadap Ekspor Ikan Tuna Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan Utama
Abstrak: Currently, International trading is hampered in both tariff and non-tariff. Non-Tariff Measures (NTM) is likely applied by some major trading countries. Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT) are the most widely applied NTM policy. Tuna commodities is one of Indonesian potential exports facing NTM barriers. Some of Indonesian tuna export major destinations are China, Japan, Thailand, United States, South Korea, Singapore, and Vietnam. This study aims to analyze the export performance and NTM impact on the Indonesian tuna export commodities. The methods used are descriptive analysis through inventory approach (coverage ratio and frequency index) and gravity model. The results show that United States as a country imposing highest NTM and frozen tuna as the most affected commodity group by NTM effects. The estimation results SPS and TBT affect tuna fish exports with positive coefficient of each 0,011 and 0,015
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, GravIty model, NTM, Export performance, Export commodities, Coverage ratio, Frequency index

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
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