Judul: Implikasi Manajemen Penempelan Karang pada Terumbu Buatan Beton di Perairan Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: Latest stage development of coral recruits community on concrete artificial reefs were observed for nine months (from October 2009 to July 2010) by visual census and underwater photography methods. Amounts of 10 units of concrete artificial reef deployed in Pramuka Island waters and Gosong Pramuka in 2001 were used as an objects in this research. As a comparation, the condition of coral coverage and reef fishes in natural reef were observed by line intercept transect, quadrate transect, visual census, and underwater photography methods. In order to measure coral coverage area we used ImageJ 1. 42q software. In March 2010, amounts 457 coral colonies from 21 genera and 216 coral colonies from 16 genera were found in Station 1 and Station 2 respectively. In July 2010, the percentage of coral coverage on concrete artificial reefs reaches 41.46±13.37% (mean±SD) in Station 1 and 20.38±6.08% (mean±SD) in Station 2, while the percentage of coral coverage on natural reefs were 23.14% and 40.43% in Station 1 and 2 respectively. The coral recruits coverage on concrete artificial reefs had a strong positive relationship with its fish abundance in Station 1 where coefficient of determination (R2) reached 0.71.
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Judul: Efektivitas Terumbu Buatan Berbahan Dasar Tempurung Kelapa sebagai Fish Aggregating Device di Pulau Pramuka Kepulauan Seribu
Abstrak: Artificial reefs is an artificial habitat which is created to resemble the characteristics of natural reefs to improve the community of coral reefs that have been damaged in natural waters ecosystem. The effectiveness of artificial reefs made of coconut shell is observed during the period of March 2012 - May 2012 in the waters of Pramuka island, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. The method used experimental method, where bubu tambun is used to capture the specimen that will be analyze for it’s level of gonad maturity. The observations is done with the visual census method with 2 areas i.e. 1 meter and 2 meter that would later be analyzed for it’s index of diversity (H’), index homogeneity (E) and the dominance index (C) at the artificial reefs site. The results showed that 10 family with 13 species are dominant to stay while in the natural coral reef consists of 8 family with 25 described species. The result of fishing capture, it consist of 10 family (Pomacentridae, Balistidae, Chaetodontidae, Holocent, Labridae, Scaridae, Siganidae, Xanthidae, Muraenidae). Gonado Stomato Index (GSI) of fishing capture are GSI I (46%); GSI II (28%); GSI III (22%) and GSI IV (4%). Artificial reefs with 1 meter areas has a range of diversity index between 1.68 -2.5; and the uniformity index ranged between 0,68-1.07 and dominance index 0.11-0.16. Artificial reefs with 2 meters areas has a range of diversity index between 1,79 – 2,15; range of uniformity index 0.59-0.90 and the index of the dominance of 0.09- 0.16.
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Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
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