Judul: Analsis Kegaraan Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) dalam Memanfaatkan Kredit Usahatani (KUT) Studi Kasus di KUD Kerambitan, Kecamatan Kerambitan, Kabupaten Tabanan, Propinsi Bali
Abstrak: Dalam upaya membantu meningkatkan pendapatan petani, mulai tahun 1985 pemerintah mencanangkan sistim penyaluran kredit pertanian yanq baru yang disebut kredit usahatani (KUT) dan dalam penyalurannya menggunakan pendekatan kelompok, yaitu kelompok tani. Dalam pelaksanaan penyaluran kredit, KUD harus mampu memberikan pelayanan yang semaksimal mungkin kepada anggotanya.
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Judul: Pengelolaan kridit usaha tani oleh koperasi unit desa
Abstrak: Pemberian fasilitas Kredit Usahatani (KUT) kepada petani, merupakan salah satu bentuk rekayasa ekonomi program supra insus, yang ditujukan untuk pengembangan modal usaha- tani. Kredit usahatani yang diberikan kepada petani, disalurkan melalui Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD). Dengan menyalurkan kredit usahatani, KUD diharapkan dapat meningkatkan peranan dan kemampuannya sebagai lebaga ekonomi di pedesaan. Namun, KUD yang berada di daerah. Operasi Khusus Jati Luhur Pantai Utara, sebagian besar adalah KUD yang tidak memenuhi syarat untuk dapat menyalurkan KUT. Selain itu, evaluasi terhadap pelaksanaan KUT, menunjukkan bahwa KUD yang telah memenuhi syarat, masih belum mampu melaksanakan sebagaimana mestinya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisa kualitatif dan kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Setelah melaksanakan kegiatan usaha kredit usahatani KUD "Parakan" mampu meningkatkan kemampuan usahanya. Rasio-rasio keuangan KUD "Parakan" mengalami peningkatan yang menggembirakan. Liquiditas, solvabilitas dan renta bilitas usaha, menunjukkan nilai yang positif dan lebihbesar dari pada satu. Nilai rasio keuangan tersebut menandakan bahwa KUD "Parakan" mempunyai kemampuan usaha yang baik. Apabila membandingkan realisasi KUT untuk musim tanam 1987/1988 dan musim tanam 1988, maka telah terjadi penurunan jumlah kelompok tani maupun petani penerima KUT. Namun demikian telah terjadi peningkatan dalam jumlah areal yang direalisasi dan jumlah kredit yang direalisasi. Peningkatan jumlah areal maupun jumlah kredit yang direal direalisasi disebabkan oleh peningkatan luas lahan rata- rata yang direalisasi oleh petani...
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Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua