Judul: The Impact of Investment-Driven Sectoral Productivity Change on Regional Economic Disparity in Indonesia
Abstrak: The objectives of this study are to examine the impact of sectoral investment on microeconomic and macroeconomic performances and on regional disparity in Indonesia. Spatial inequality is an important issue in economic development and Indonesia still has very large regional income disparity. The sectoral investment has an important role in increasing productivity in order to encourage economic growth and equity. Investment allocation in Indonesia is still focused on the industrial sector and the Island of Java. Even though structural change in the Indonesian economy is happening, which is the shift from predominantly agricultural economy to one dominated by the industrial and services sectors, but most of the regions’ economies are still dominated by the agricultural sector and in general their incomes per capita are relatively low. The multiregional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) top-down model is a comfortable method to analyze the objectives of this study. The main finding was that the priority of investment allocation into the agricultural, agro-industrial and infrastructural sectors (the implementation of the Agricultural Development Led-Industrialisation (ADLI) strategy supported by infrastructure construction) shows the best impact on increasing the sectoral output and growth and on decreasing regional disparity. This happens because infrastructural investment can generate productivity growth in all economic sectors and investment in agricultural sector shows the highest productivity growth compared to productivity growth in the other sectors. Therefore, increases in agricultural investment has a relatively strong impact upon regional disparity reduction and increases in infrastructural investment strongly encourages improvements in the sectoral and national output. But, the ADLI strategy supported by infrastructure construction has a weak impact on increasing the sectoral employment and on distributing equitable households income due to poor development in the agro-industrial sector.
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Judul: Dampak Pembangunan Infrastruktur dan Aglomerasi Industri terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Regional di Indonesia
Abstrak: In general, the Indonesia’s economic growth is significantly improved recently but the increase rate is different in each region which entitles to high regional disparity. One of the reasons why it occurs is because of the difference of infrastructure development in every region. Beside, the centralization of the economic activities tends to cause this issue. This study intends to analyze the effect of infrastructure development and industrial agglomeration to the regional economic growth in Indonesia. Based on productivity function of Cobb-Douglas model, the fixed effect model is used as data panel method which includes a range of data from 26 provinces in 1991-2007. The estimation in this study ensues to the influence of labor, investment, human capital, physical infrastructures (electricity and roads), industrial agglomeration, and economic crisis in 1997, while water infrastructure is not significant. Due to the estimation data result, the characteristic of production activity in Indonesia is labor-based with the labor elasticity rate of 0,27 higher than investment elasticity which is 0,10. Human capital variable holds the biggest effect with 0,34 score. Physical infrastructure (electricity and roads) is significantly influential with electricity elasticity indicates 0,33 score, higher than roads elasticity score of 0,13. In addition to this, industrial agglomeration contributes positive effect on economic growth which is indicated by 0,04 elasticity score. On the other hand, the negative coefficient score as a result of economic crisis in 1997 obstructs the economic growth. To sum up, variables which deliver positive influence for regional economic growth in Indonesia are human capital, electricity, roads, and industrial agglomeration. Furthermore, distribution of infrastructure development, education, and centralization of the economy activity should be applied in order to reduce regional disparity.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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