Judul: Pemberian Probiotik Pada Akhir Pemeliharaan Terhadap Persentase Karkas Dan Organ Imunitas Ayam Broiler
Abstrak: Pabrik Pakan Menambahkan Obat Hewan Berupa Antibiotik Ke Dalam Pakan. Penelitian Ini Bertujuan Untuk Membandingkan Respon Pemberian Probiotik Pada Akhir Pemeliharaan Dalam Upaya Menurunkan Residu Antibiotik Terhadap Persentase Karkas Dan Organ Imunitas Ayam Broiler. Penelitian Ini Menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (Ral) Dengan 6 Perlakuan Dan 3 Ulangan. Peubah Yang Diamati Adalah Persentase Timus, Limpa Dan Bursa Fabricius, Serta Persentase Potongan Karkas Komersial. Ternak Yang Digunakan Adalah Ayam Broiler Strain Cp 707 Arbor Arcres Sebanyak 200 Ekor Umur 1 Hari. Perlakuan Yang Diberikan P1= Pakan A (5 Minggu),P2 = Pakan B (5 Minggu), P3 = P1 Diganti Pakan Basal + Probiotik (7 Hari Terakhir), P4 = P2 Diganti Pakan Basal + Probiotik (7 Hari Terakhir), P5 = P1 Diganti Pakan Basal + Probiotik ( 3 Hari Terakhir), Dan P6 = P2 Diganti Pakan Basal + Probiotik (3 Hari Terakhir). Hasil Penelitian Menunjukkan Pemberian Probiotik Dan Pakan Basal Pada Satu Minggu Dan Tiga Hari Terakhir Secara Nyata Menurunkan Bobot Hidup Akhir, Persentase Potongan Komersial Paha Atas, Paha Bawah, Dan Punggung. Pemberian Pakan Basal Dan Probiotik Menaikan Persentase Lemak Abdominal Dan Menurunkan Persentase Timus.
Keyword: Organ Imunitas, Pakan Komersial, Potongan Karkas Komersial, Residu Antibiotik

Judul: Evaluasi Pemberian Beberapa Probiotik terhadap Potongan Karkas dan Non Karkas Ayam Broiler
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pemberian beberapa jenis probiotik terhadap persentase karkas dan non karkas ayam broiler. Sebanyak 600 ekor ayam broiler strain Lohmann dipelihara sampai umur 35 hari. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan bila terdapat perbedaan nyata dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Duncan (Steel dan Torrie,1993). Perlakuan terdiri dari P1 = Ransum tanpa probiotik, P2 = P1 Lactococcus lactis D1813 108 CFU g-1, P3 = P1 Bacillus licheniformis D3270 108 CFU g-1, P4 = P1 Bacillus licheniformis D3270 108 CFU g-1 Lactococcus lactis D1813 108 CFU g-1, P5= P1 Bacillus subtilis 108 CFU g-1, P6 = P1 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 109 CFU g-1. Peubah yang diamati yaitu persentase karkas, persentase potongan komersial karkas, dan persentase non karkas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan probiotik kombinasi maupun individu di dalam ransum ini tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap persentase karkas, persentase potongan komersial karkas, dan persentase non karkas. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian probiotik kombinasi maupun individu dengan dosis 0,1% tidak memiliki efek secara langsung terhadap potongan karkas dan non karkas ayam broiler.
Keyword: Ayam broiler, probiotik, karkas, persentase karkas

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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