Judul: Uji Lapang Lacak Balak Kayu Jati dengan Penanda RAPD
Abstrak: INTRODUCTION. Demand for teak based product increases progressively, particularly as raw materials for furniture industry. The increasing demand for teak wood, exceeds the amount that can be produced sustainably by production forest. The gaps existing between demand for raw material teak wood and the volume of teak wood which can be produced have triggered the activity of illegal logging and administrative manipulation of wood. Therefore there is a need for accurate method of producing evidence which is difficult to be manipulated to support log tracking and determine the origin of doubtful wood. The use of genetics technology is a new method to be developed and applied for log tracking certification and evidence seeking for criminal cases, such as illegal logging. Genetic markers are inherent and internal features of the wood itself, so they are difficult to be manipulated. One of the methods of genetic marking which could be applied for DNA analysis was RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). The objectives of this research were testing the matching between stump wood DNA and wood DNA in log landing site (TPK), and approximate detection of the origins of stolen woods and woods which are used for sawmill industry, based on existing database. MATERIALS AND METHOD. This research was conducted in Room of Genetic Analysis, Sub-department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry; and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inter University Center (PAU), Bogor Agricultural University, from August through October 2008. Plant materials used were woods from KPH (Forest Management Unit) Purwakarta (stump wood and TPK wood) and KPH Ciamis (stump wood, TPK wood, stolen wood and sawmill industry wood). The method used was RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Equipments used were among other things, tube, micropipette, tips, centrifugation, freezer, electrophoresis bath, PCR machine and UV transilluminator. Materials used were buffer extract, PVP, chloroform, phenol, ethanol, aquabidest, DNA, primer, H2O, taq polymerase, agarose, buffer TAE and blue juice. Tracking of stump wood and TPK wood was conducted on the basis of allelic structure of individual stump woods and TPK woods which were tested. Approximate detection of the origin of stolen wood and sawmill wood was conducted by cluster analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION. Results of log tracking showed similarity in allelic structure between stump wood and TPK wood in teak populations of Ciamis but not for population of Purwakarta. This phenomenon showed DNA technology can be used to match wood DNA between stump and that in TPK. Results of cluster analysis showed that stolen woods and woods used in sawmill industry grouped themselves in West Java cluster, or specifically in cluster KPH Ciamis with least genetic distance of 0.0353 for stolen woods and 0.0358 for woods used in sawmill industry.
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Judul: Pengayaan Database Genetik RAPD Jati dengan Contoh Uji KayuKering
Abstrak: INTRODUCTION. Certification of log tracking (Chain of Custody, CoC) constitutes one of the main activities of ecolabel certification for monitoring the flow of wood from forest to wood industry (factory). One way for encouraging sustainable forest resource management is following forest certification scheme. Use of genetics technology or Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a new method which possibly could be developed and applied in the future for log tracking certification. This identification steps requires complete database which could describe the areas where the teak wood is cut, which include representation of individuals in each area and population, as reference for specimen matching in the future. This research use dry wood as sample for analyzing genetic variation in Java, using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) marker. The objectives of this research were genetic database enrichment of teak RAPD and estimating teak genetic variation in Java, based on dry wood sample. MATERIAL AND METHOD. Material used as sample were in the form of wood discs measuring 5 cm in width, as many as 45 pieces taken from 9 KPH (Forest Management Unit) of Perum Perhutani (State Owned Forest Company), namely KPH Cepu, KPH Kendal, KPH Randublatung, KPH Bojonegoro, KPH Kebonhrujo, KPH Ngawi, KPH Banten, KPH Indramayu, and KPH Ciamis. The method used was PCR-RAPD (Polymerase Chain Reaction - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Data analysis used software Popgene version 3.2, NTSys version 2.01, and Minitab version 14. RESULT AND CONCLUSION. Average of genetic variation inside population of the nine teak populations in Java was 0.1413 with largest variation possessed by teak population in KPH Kebonhrujo, whereas teak population in KPH Randublatung possessed the smallest genetic variation. Average of genetic variation between teak populations (GST) in Java was 0.2154 with lowest genetic distance possessed by teak popUlations of KPH Ngawi and KPH Kebonhrujo. Largest genetic distance was possessed by teak populations of KPH Ciamis and KPH Randublatung. Based on cluster analysis, nine teak populations in Java could be divided into three main clusters. The first cluster consisted of five populations, namely KPH Banten, KPH Indramayu, KPH Bojonegoro, KPH Ngawi, and KPH Kebonharjo. The second cluster consisted of three populations, namely KPH Cepu, KPH Kendal, and KPH Randublatung, while the third cluster comprised only one population, namely KPH Ciamis. Implication for log tracking was the possibility for making the primers of OPY-13, OPO-13, OPO-I0, and OPO-14 as marker primers for differentiating between populations of teak in Java because those primers possessed GST which were relatively far greater than average value of GST, namely ranging between 0.4155 - 0.7142.
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Judul: Persamaan Gelombang Permukaan Dalam Sistem Hamiltonian
Abstrak: Fluida adalah suatu zat yang bentuknya dapat berubah secara kontinu akibat gaya geser. Dua bentuk fluida yang dikenal adalah fluida yang berbentuk cairan dan gas. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas fluida yang berbentuk cairan. Persamaan yang memodelkan fenomena gelombang fluida di antaranya adalah sistem Hamiltonian. Persamaan ini berasumsi babwa fluida dalam keadaan ideal di mana fluida tak mampu mampat (inkompresibel), fluida tak rotasional (irrotasional).
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