Judul: Transformasi Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dengan gen MmCuZn-SOD pe nyandi superoksida dismutase melalui perantara Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Abstrak: This research has an objective to ob tain the transgenic Jatropha curcas shoo ts containing MmCuZn-SOD gene. For genetic transfor mation, we used the pieces of cotyledons as an explants. These cotyledons were obtained from 2 week old seedlings. By co-cultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing MmCuZn-SOD gene under the control of 35S CaMV promoter linked to hygromyc in phosphotrans ferase selectable marker gene. We have successfully regenerated the putative transgenic shoots of J. curcas from the explants. The selection of putative transgenic shoots was carried out by using 1.5 mg/l hygromycin. Molecular analysis by PCR showed that two of sixteen independe nt putative transgenic shoots resulted from indirect selection contain the target gene. These results indicated that we already successfully introduced the MmCuZn-SOD gene into J. curcas and obtained the transgenic adventives shoo t of J. curcas.
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Judul: Transformasi Genetik Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dengan Gen Metallothionein Tipe 2 dari Melastoma malabathricum melalui Perantara Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Abstrak: The main reason why we use marginal land for non-food crops like jatropha is the limited potential land to cultivate it. The condition of marginal land with low fertility, low pH and high content of heavy-metal can caused inhibit the growth and decreasing production of crop. The tolerance of plants to metal toxicity can be genetically improved by introducing and expressing a gene associated with the metal tolerance. One of these genes is MaMt2, a gene coding type 2 metallothionein that isolated from Melastoma affine. Metallothionein is a cystein-rich protein so it can binding various types of metal. The objective of this research was to obtain increase resistance of jatropha to heavy-metal by integrated MaMt2 gene to jatropha and molecular analysis from transgenic plant. Genetic transformation was performed by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 which containing pIG6-SMt2 plasmid. pIG6-SMt2 plasmid contains of MaMt2 gene, hptII gene (hygromycin phosphotransferase) under ubiquitin promoter and NOS (nopaline synthase) terminator. Cotyledon from 2 weeks-old of jatropha cultivar IP-2P was used. The non-transformed explants regenerated 14 days in the non selective regeneration medium while the transformed ones regenerated 18 days in the selective regeneration medium. The average of regenerated shoot each explant was 2.1 for non-transformed explants and 1.6 for transformed ones. Putative transgenic shoots were selected in two step by using medium containing 1.5 mg l-1 and 2.5 mg l-1 of hygromycin successively. This research resulted 25 putative transgenic shoots. Molecular analysis was performed to determine the integration of MaMt2 gene under control for ubiquitin promoter in transgenic shoots by PCR. PCR was carried out by using with UbiQF-NosTR and SMt2F-NosTR combination primers. PCR of transgenic shoots resulted 1160 bp and 526 bp fragments respectively. Molecular analysis showed that three of 15 putative transgenic shoots are transgenic shoots containing MaMt2 gene under control of ubiquitin promoter.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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