Judul: The Efficacy of Probiotic Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus licheniformis in Drinking Water on Carcass and Non-Carcass Percentage of Broiler Chicken
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pemberian kombinasi probiotik Lactococcus lactis dan Bacillus licheniformis dalam air minum terhadap persentase karkas dan non karkas ayam broiler. Percobaan menggunakan 400 ekor ayam dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0 = air minum + 0,005% Dekstrosa (plasebo), P1 = air minum + 0,001% Effective Microorganism-4 (EM-4), P2 = air minum + 0,005% Lactococcus lactis 10^9 dan Bacillus licheniformis 10^9, P3 = air minum + 0,005% Lactococcus lactis 10^9 dan Bacillus licheniformis 10^10. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P>0,05) terhadap persentase bobot karkas, dada, paha atas, paha bawah, sayap, punggung, kepala, leher, dan kaki. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian kombinasi probiotik Lactococcus lactis 10^9 CFU/g dan Bacillus licheniformis 10^9 CFU/g pada dosis 0,005% serta kombinasi probiotik Lactococcus lactis 10^9 CFU/g dan Bacillus licheniformis 10^10 CFU/g pada dosis 0,005% dalam air minum tidak memengaruhi persentase karkas dan non karkas ayam broiler namun bermanfaat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan dari ayam broiler., This study aims to evaluate the administration of a combination of probiotics Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus licheniformis in drinking water on the percentage of carcass and non-carcass of broiler chickens. The study used 400 chickens with a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replicates. The treatment consisted of P0 = drinking water + 0.005% Dextrose (placebo), P1 = drinking water + 0.001% Effective Microorganism-4 (EM-4), P2 = drinking water + 0.005% Lactococcus lactis 10^9 and Bacillus licheniformis 10^9, P3 = drinking water + 0.005% Lactococcus lactis 10^9 and Bacillus licheniformis 10^10. The results of this study showed that the treatment did not give a significant effect (P>0.05) on the weight percentage of carcasses, breast, thighs, drumsticks, wings, back, head, neck, and legs. The conclusion of this study is that the administration of a combination of probiotics Lactococcus lactis 10^9 CFU/g and Bacillus licheniformis 10^9 CFU/g at a dose of 0.005% and a combination of probiotics Lactococcus lactis 10^9 and Bacillus licheniformis 10^10 CFU/g at a dose of 0.005% in drinking water does not affect the percentage of carcass and non-carcass of broiler chickens but is useful to be used to improve the health of broiler chickens.
Keyword: broiler, carcass, non-carcass, probiotics

Judul: Evaluation of Probiotic Combination Supplementation in the Diet on Giblet and Digestive Tract Weight of Broiler Chickens
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pemberian kombinasi probiotik Lactococcus lactis dan Bacillus licheniformis dalam ransum terhadap bobot organ dalam dan saluran pencernaan ayam broiler. Percobaan ini menggunakan 300 ekor ayam broiler strain Cobb dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P1 = Ransum dengan pemberian 0,1% plasebo CaCO3 (kontrol), P2 = Ransum dengan pemberian 0,1% kombinasi probiotik Lactococcus lactis dan Bacillus lichenimorfis populasi 105 CFU g-1 pakan, dan P3 = Ransum dengan pemberian 0,1% kombinasi probiotik Lactococcus lactis dan Bacillus lichenimorfis populasi 106 CFU g-1 pakan. Peubah yang diamati yaitu persentase bobot dan panjang relatif saluran pencernaan, bobot organ dalam, dan organ imunitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi probiotik Lactoccoccus lactis dan Bacillus licheniformis populasi 106 CFU g-1 dalam ransum berpengaruh nyata (P, This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation of a combination of Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus licheniformis probiotics in the diet on the weight of giblet and the digestive tract of broiler chickens. The experiment used 300 Cobb strain broiler chickens with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted P1 Diet with 0.1% placebo CaCO3 (control), P2 Diet with 0.1% combination of Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus licheniformis probiotics at a population of 105 CFU g¹, and P3 = Diet with 0.1% combination of Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus licheniformis probiotics at a population of 106 CFU g¹. Variables observed were the percentage of the weight and relative length of the digestive tract, giblet and immune organs weight. The results showed that the combination of probiotics Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus licheniformis with a population of 10 CFU g¹ in diet significantly (P<0.05) decreased kidney weight and cecum relative length, increased bile and thymus weight. The combination of probiotics Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus licheniformis with a population of 10 CFU g¹ in diet significantly (P<0.05) increased the weight of jejunum and ileum due to improved nutrient absorption facilitated by probiotics in the digestive tract. The conclusion of this study is the supplementation of a combination of Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus licheniformis probiotics with a population of 10 CFU g¹ in diet can improve the function of internal organs and the digestive tract, and enhance the immune response of broiler chickens.
Keyword: broiler, imunitas, organ dalam, probiotik, saluran pencernaan

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite