Judul: Penjernihan Sari Buah pisang (Musa paradisiaca) dengan menggunakan Enzim Pektinase (Pektin Metil Esterase)
Abstrak: Potensi pisang d i Indonesia nerupakan yang terbesar sepanjang tahun dibandingkan dengan buah-buahan yang lain . Sekitar 10 persen dari produksi pisang d i Indonesia terbuang sia-sia karena terserang hama penyakit dan tidak adanya tindaken pengawetan serta kurangnya sarana transportasi . Untuk mengatasi ha1 tersebut di atas buah pisang dapat d i - olah menjadi keripik , pisang sale, tepung dan anggur. Al - ternatif lain adalah pegolahan buah pisang menjadi sari buah pisang .
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Judul: Penjernihan Sari Buah Pisang (Musa paradisiaca) Dengan Menggunakan Enzim Pektinase (Pektin Metil Esterase)
Abstrak: Potensi pisang di Indonesia merupakan yang terbesar sepanjang tahun dibandingkan dengan buah-buahan yang lain. Sekitar 10 persen dari produksi pisang di Indonesia terbuang sia-sia karena terserang hama penyakit dan tidak adanya tindakan pengawetan serta kurangnya sarana transportasi. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut di atas buah pisang dapat di- olah menjadi keripik, pisang sale, tepung dan anggur. Alternatif lain adalah pegolahan buah pisang menjadi sari buah pisang. Sari buah pisang dibuat dari ekstraksi pulp buah pisang yang dicampurkan dengan air. Hancuran buah pisang tidak larut di dalam air sehingga terbentuk suspensi. Hal ini menyebabkan sari buah yang dihasilkan berwarna keruh dan kental, sehingga tidak menarik untuk diminum. Sari buah pisang ini dapat dijernihkan dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan penggumpal misalnya tanin, gelatin dan bentonit. Penjerni- han dengan bahan-bahan ini kurang memuaskan karena masih mengandung senyawa-senyawa yang tidak larut karena efek stabilitas senyawa pektin. Oleh sebab itu pada penelitian ini dicoba penggunaan enzim untuk mendapatkan sari buah yang jernih. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari penjerni- han sari buah pisang dengan menggunakan enzim pektinase. Selain itu juga mempelajari pengaruh penambahan enzim terha- dap kejernihan sari buah yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran terhadap terbukanya kemungkinan untuk tumbuhnya industri sari buah pisang di Indonesia. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan blok acak. Penggunaan enzim pektinase (0, 450 ppm, 900 ppm dan 1350 ppm) diperlakukan terhadap empat jenis buah pisang (uli, angleng, lampung dan papan)…dst
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Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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