Judul: Analysis of Institutional Structure and Transaction Costs for the 2018-2020 Green Campus Program at IPB University
Abstrak: Green campus IPB University mengalami penurunan peringkat setiap tahunnya pada UI GreenMetric Ranking, hal tersebut yang melatarbelakangi penelitian ini. Pada penelitian kali ini menggunakan analisis data yakni Microsoft excel dan Statistikal Package for the Social Sciens (SPSS). Stakeholder yang terlibat dengan pengelolaan green campus di IPB University merupakan 1). Subjects yakni Asisten Direktur Pengelolaan Transportasi dan Pengamanan Lingkungan Kampus dan Asisten Direktur Pengelolaan Bangunan dan Instalasi. 2). Players yakni Rektor, Wakil Rektor 2, SI dan Direktur DPSPLK. 3). Bystanders yakni Supervisor Instalasi Air, Supervisor Limbah, Supervisor Perizinan Lingkungan. 4). Actors yakni BEM KM IPB University. Total biaya transaksi yang dikeluarkan oleh IPB University dalam program green campus dalam kurun waktu 2018-2020 adalah Rp 23.783.836.091. Biaya yang dikeluarkan merupakan biaya monitoring atau pemeliharaan, biaya edukasi dan sosialisasi, biaya internalisasi, biaya pencarian informasi, biaya pembuatan peraturan atau kebijakan, dan biaya pemberlakuan sanksi., The green campus ranking of IPB University has decreased every year on the UI GreenMetric Ranking, which is the background of this research. This uses data analysis, namely Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The stakeholders involved in managing the green campus at IPB University are 1). Subjects are Assistant Director of Transportation Management and Campus Environmental Security and Assistant Director of Building and Installation Management. 2). Players are the Chancellor, Deputy Chancellor 2, SI, and the Director of DPSPLK. 3). Bystanders, namely Water Installation Supervisor, Waste Supervisor, and Environmental Licensing Supervisor. 4). Actors name, ly BEM KM IPB University. The total transaction fee issued by IPB University in the green campus program in the 2018-2020 period is Rp. 23,783,836,091. The costs incurred are monitoring or maintenance costs, education and socialization and internalization information-seeking costs, regulatory or pol policy-makings, and the sanction imposed costs.
Keyword: energy and climate change, Envinronmental management, Sustainability, Stakeholders

Judul: Economic Value Analysis of Reducing Carbon Emissions Alternatives on Bogor Agricultural University Campus in Dramaga District
Abstrak: Sejalan dengan meningkatnya jumlah civitas dan aktivitas di dalam Kampus IPB, kualitas udara semakin menurun. Salah satu hal yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas udara adalah terjadinya pencemaran udara oleh Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK). IPB kemudian mencanangkan inovasi untuk menjadi Green Campus sebagai upaya mengurangi emisi karbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi jejak karbon yang terdapat di dalam Kampus IPB; (2) menganalisis skenario penurunan emisi karbon di dalam Kampus IPB, dan; (3) mengestimasi nilai ekonomi yang dihasilkan terhadap skenario penurunan emisi karbon yang akan dijalankan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, metode Weighted Sum Model (WSM), metode analisis biaya manfaat, dan metode benefit transfer untuk mengkaji tujuan-tujuan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 21 jenis aktivitas sumber penghasil emisi karbon di Kampus IPB selama tahun 2020 menghasilkan total emisi sebesar 69.210.132.584 kg/CO2e. Terpilih tiga alternatif upaya penurunan emisi karbon, yaitu alternatif “Zonasi parkir dan menggunakan transportasi umum yang disediakan kampus apabila ingin berkeliling” untuk aspek transportasi, alternatif “Membawa alat makan dan tas belanja sendiri” untuk aspek sampah, dan alternatif “Menggunakan energi seperlunya” untuk aspek energi. Nilai ekonomi dari alternatif aspek transportasi, aspek sampah, dan aspek energi secara berurutan adalah sebesar Rp62.509.413.531, -Rp234.548.061 (tahun pertama) dan -Rp189.735.061 (tahun berikutnya), dan Rp4.677.239.959., In line with the increasing number of civitas and activities on the IPB University, the air quality has kept decreasing. One of the things that can affect air quality is the occurrence of air pollution caused by greenhouse gasses. IPB then launched an innovation to become a Green Campus as an effort to reduce carbon emissions. This study aims to: (1) identify the carbon footprint contained in the IPB University; (2) analyze the scenarios of reducing carbon emissions in the IPB University, and; (3) estimate the economic values of the carbon emissions reduction scenarios that will be implemented. This study uses a quantitative descriptive analysis method, the Weighted Sum Model (WSM) method, the Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) method, and benefit transfer method to examine research objectives. The results showed that 21 types of carbon emissions source activities on the IPB University during 2020 produced a total emissions of 69.210.132.584 kg/CO2e. Three alternatives for reducing carbon emissions were chosen are the alternative “Parking zonation and use public transportation provided by the campus if you want to stroll around the campus” for the transportation aspect, the alternative “Bringing your own eating utensils and shopping bags” for the waste aspect, and the alternative “Using energy as necessary” for the energy aspect. The economic values of the alternatives aspect of transportation, aspect of waste, and aspect energy respectively are Rp62.509.413.531, -Rp234.548.061 (first year) and -Rp189.735.061 (following year), and Rp4.677.239.959.
Keyword: pollution, campus activities, emission, greenhouse effect, greenhouse gasses

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship