Judul: Pencirian Film Bioplastik dari Tepung Tapioka Terplastisasi Gliserol dengan Penambahan Kitosan
Abstrak: Non-biodegradable synthetic plastic is widely used as packaging. However, the plastic waste can pollute the environment so that bioplastics are developed, which are easily degraded. In this research, packaging films have been made from glycerol and tapioca starch blends with composition ratio of 8:2 and 7:3 as well as various concentrations of chitosan 1, 2, and 3%. The plastics produced were analyzed for the mechanical properties by using tensile strength test, density, functional groups based on Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, surface morfology with scanning electron microscope, and thermal properties from differential scanning calorimeter. Addition of plasticizer was found to lower the density. Plastic with 8:2 ratio and addition of 2% chitosan yielded tensile strength 304 MPa and elongation 37%. Functional groups analysis showed that the film was a result of physical mixing. The plastic’s surface was quite homogenous and the melting point was increased with addition of chitosan. Addition of chitosan could increase the mechanical properties and was expected to be easily degradated in the environment.
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Judul: Pencirian Bioplastik Tepung Tapioka Terplastisasi Gliserol dengan Penambahan Karaginan
Abstrak: Tapioca starch is very potential to be used as biodegradable plastic materials. However, its hydrophilic nature makes the plastic produced fragile and needs addition of plastic. In this research, bioplastics of tapioca starchcarrageenan blend in 7:3 and 8:2 ratio, was added with carrageenan in 1, 2, and 3% concentrations. Analysis of specific gravity, functional group, mechanical and thermal analysis, as well as morphology were carried out to the plastic product. The highest tensile strength and elongation were obtained at 8:2 ratio with addition of 2% carrageenan, which are 275.55 MPa and 33.18%, respectively. Infrared spectrum showed no new functional group formation. Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry at 1 and 2% carageenan concentrations showed melting point at 102.36 and 115.60 ℃, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a homogeneous morphology. Based on the results, the plastic obtained can be developed as edible film
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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