Judul: Combination Gel of Turmeric Extract Nanoparticles (Curcuma domestica Val.) and Gamat Gel to The Incised Rats, Combination Gel of Turmeric Extract Nanoparticles (Curcuma domestica Val.) and Gamat Gel to The Incised Rats
Abstrak: Luka terbuka akibat irisan benda tajam akan membuat jaringan kulit berkontak dengan lingkungan sehingga dapat terjadi infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas gel kombinasi nanopartikel ekstrak kunyit dan gel gamat pada proses penyembuhan luka insisi tikus. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol negatif, kontrol positif (Centella asiatica) dan kelompok terapi gel kombinasi nanopartikel ekstrak kunyit dan gamat (0.5%, 1%, dan 2%). Terapi diberikan secara topikal, satu kali sehari, hingga luka tertutup. Pengamatan patologi anatomi luka diamati selama 21 hari. Kesembuhan luka diukur melalui parameter percepatan penutupan luka dan pengurangan tanda radang. Parameter diukur dengan memberikan skoring. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan luka insisi pada tikus menutup sempurna pada semua sediaan yang diberikan dan menunjukkan waktu penyembuhan lebih cepat daripada tidak diberikan obat luka. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa gel kombinasi nanopartikel ekstrak kunyit dan gel gamat 2% memiliki potensi paling baik dalam menyembuhkan luka. Kata kunci: gamat, gel, nanopartikel ekstrak kunyit, penyembuhan luka., An open wound caused by a sharp cut will make the skin tissue in contact with the environment and infect the wound. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the combination of gamat extract gel and turmeric extract nanoparticles in the healing process of rat’s cut wound. This study used 30 white rats which were divided into 5 groups. The treatment group consisted of negative control, positive control (Centella asiatica) and combination therapy group of nanoparticle extract turmeric and gamat gel therapy (0.5%, 1%, and 2%). The treatments were applied topically, once daily, until the wound’s closed. Anatomical pathology of the wound were observed every day for 21 days. Wound healing was measured through the parameters of accelerating wound closure and reducing inflammation. Parameters were measured by giving a score. The results of this study showed that the rat’s wound closed completely on all preparation and also showed that the healing time was faster than those not given wound medication. These results indicated that combination gel of turmeric extract nanoparticles and gamat extract gel 2% have the best potential in healing wounds. Keywords: gamat extract, gel, turmeric extract nanoparticles, wound healing.
Keyword: gamat extract, gel, turmeric extract nanoparticles, wound healing

Judul: Combination Gel of Turmeric Extract and Gamat Gel on the Wound Healing Process of White Rats
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui khasiat dari gel kombinasi ekstrak rimpang kunyit dan gel gamat sebagai obat untuk mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka sayatan yang mudah diaplikasikan, praktis, dan efektif pada tikus putih galur Sprague-Dawley berdasarkan pengamatan patologi anatomi. Sebanyak 30 tikus yang digunakan dibagi ke dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 kelompok perlakuan. Kulit tikus dilukai pada sebagian sisi perut kiri atau kanan sepanjang 3 cm. Setiap luka kemudian diobati dengan perlakuan yang berbeda. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah kontrol negatif (gel plasebo), gel kombinasi ekstrak rimpang kunyit dan gel gamat dengan berbagai konsentrasi (0,5%, 1%, 2%), dan kontrol positif (salep komersil yang mengandung Centella asiatica 15%). Pengamatan patologi anatomi dilakukan setiap hari selama 21 hari. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan membandingkan perubahan yang terjadi secara deskriptif selama proses penyembuhan. Parameter yang diamati adalah ukuran luka, kedalaman luka, tepi luka, jenis eksudat, warna kulit, dan keberadaan rambut. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kelompok yang diberikan gel kombinasi dan kontrol positif memberi pengaruh lebih baik terhadap percepatan penyembuhan luka dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif yang hanya diberikan gel plasebo, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa proses penyembuhan luka dipercepat dengan pemberian gel kombinasi ekstrak rimpang kunyit dan gel gamat. Kelompok konsentrasi 2% memberikan hasil penyembuhan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kelompok konsentrasi 0,5% dan 1%., The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a combination gel of turmeric extract and gamat gel as a medicament to accelerate the healing process of incisions which is easy to apply, practical, and effective in white Sprague-Dawley rats based on anatomical pathology observations. A total of 30 rats used were divided into a randomized design with 5 treatment groups. The skin of the rats was incised on the left or right stomach along 3 cm. Each wound was then treated with a different treatment. The treatments given were negative control (placebo gel), combination gel of turmeric extract and gamat gel with variated concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2%), and positive control (commercial ointment contained Centella asiatica 15%). Anatomical pathology were observed every day for 21 days. Observations are made by comparing the changes that occur descriptively during the healing process. The parameters observed were wound length, wound depth, wound edge, exudate type, skin color, and the presence of hair. The results showed that the group that was given a combination gel and positive control had the better effect on the acceleration of wound healing compared to the negative control which was only given placebo gel, this shows that the wound healing process is accelerated by giving a combination gel of turmeric extract and gamat gel. The 2% concentration group gave better healing results compared to the 0.5% and 1% concentration groups.
Keyword: ekstrak, gamat, gel, penyembuhan luka, rimpang kunyit, turmeric, wound healing

Judul: Analysis of Unequal Income Distribution with Cobb-Douglas Production Function
Abstrak: This paper studies the economic growth model by Moav (2002). Moav model shows the existence of unequal income distribution between low-income with high-income community. That kind of unequal income distribution is caused by uneven distribution of income. On this Moav model, there is one area called the threshold. Threshold becomes a benchmark to determining whether a society is categorized into low- or high- income community. The production function used in this paper is the Cobb-Douglas function. The dynamics of this model is described as difference equation of low-income, threshold, and high-income community. Simulation study on the model is carried out using Maple 13 and Mathematica 7.0 software. Overall, from the observed case, high-income community will reach a stable condition earlier, followed by the threshold, and then the low-income community.
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