Judul: The Influence of the ﻿Super Indian Ocean Dipole ﻿(IOD) on Indonesia's Rainfall Anomaly in 2019
Abstrak: Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) merupakan fenomena interaksi lautan dan atmosfer yang terjadi di kawasan Samudera Hindia. IOD memiliki keterkaitan dengan variasi iklim Indonesia, terutama variabilitas curah hujan. IOD cenderung terjadi bersamaan dengan El-Nino Southern Oscilation (ENSO), Namun hasil penelitian lainnya menemukan bahwa IOD dapat terjadi tanpa diiringi oleh ENSO. Salah satu IOD yang tidak diiringi ENSO adalah IOD (+) 2019. IOD juga memiliki keterkaitan dengan zona konvergensi (ITCZ). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari kondisi curah hujan Indonesia saat terjadinya IOD (+) 2019 serta keterkaitannya dengan sirkulasi atmosfer dengan menganalisis data-data curah hujan dan atmosfer. Penelitian ini meliputi tahapan analisis klimatologis curah hujan Indonesia, penentuan indeks IOD, analisis korelasi indeks IOD dengan curah hujan Indonesia, analisis anomali curah hujan dan suhu permukaan laut Indonesia tahun 2019, serta analisis klimatologis dan anomali zona konvergensi wilayah Indonesia tahun 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa IOD (+) 2019 menyebabkan penurunan curah hujan Indonesia, terutama saat memasuki periode bulan kering (Juli-September). IOD (+) 2019 juga menyebabkan terjadinya kontraksi/penyusutan ITCZ, sehingga menyebabkan terjadi penurunan curah hujan, terutama di Indonesia bagian Barat., Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a phenomenon of ocean and atmosphere interaction that occurs in the Indian Ocean region. IOD has a relationship with Indonesia's climate variations, especially rainfall variability. IOD tends to occur simultaneously with the El-Nino Southern Oscilation (ENSO), but other studies have found that IOD can occur without ENSO. One of the IODs that is not accompanied by ENSO is IOD (+) 2019. IOD also has a relationship with the convergence zone (ITCZ). This study aims to study the conditions of rainfall in Indonesia during the IOD (+) 2019 and its relationship to atmospheric circulation by analyzing rainfall and atmospheric data. This research includes the stages of climatological analysis of Indonesian rainfall, determination of the IOD index, correlation analysis of the IOD index with Indonesian rainfall, anomaly analysis of rainfall and sea surface temperature in Indonesia in 2019, as well as climatological analysis and anomaly of the convergence zone of the Indonesian region in 2019. The results show that IOD (+) 2019 causes a decrease in Indonesia's rainfall, especially when entering the dry month period (July-September). IOD (+) 2019 also caused a contraction/shrinkage of the ITCZ, causing a decrease in rainfall, especially in western Indonesia.
Keyword: IOD, rainfall, atmospheric circulation, convergence zone

Judul: Identification of Cross-Equatorial Northerly Surge and Indian Ocean Dipole Phenomenon in Rain Events in West Part of Java
Abstrak: Aliran massa udara yang berasal dari Laut Cina Selatan (LCS) melewati equator dan merambah ke Laut Jawa dan Pulau Jawa bagian Barat dapat menyebabkan peningkatan curah hujan yang dilewatinya, aliran tersebut dapat disebut Cross Equatorial Northerly Surge (CENS). Fenomena CENS bukan satu-satunya penyebab peningkatan atau penurunan curah hujan di Pulau Jawa. Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) juga dapat menyebabkan perubahan curah hujan di Pulau Jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola curah hujan selama kejadian CENS, IOD, dan secara bersamaan. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu data curah hujan lima stasiun pengamatan serta data angin permukaan, Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL), anomali SPL dan transport kelembaban. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pola curah hujan yang tinggi di empat stasiun pengamatan selama CENS pada tahun 2004-05, kecuali di Stasiun Geofisika Cemara Bandung. Sementara selama CENS dengan IOD negatif pada tahun 2004 05, peningkatan pola curah hujan terjadi di Stasiun Klimatologi Dramaga Bogor, Meteorologi Kemayoran, dan Meteorologi Kertajati. CENS dengan IOD positif pada tahun 2019 menyebabkan rendahnya curah hujan di lima stasiun pengamatan dibandingkan selama kejadian CENS dan CENS dengan IOD negatif. Meskipun demikian, peran signifikan CENS dalam membawa massa udara lembab dapat mengakibatkan hujan., The airflow originating from the South China Sea (LCS) crosses the equator and extends to the Java Sea and Western Java Island, potentially causing increased rainfall along its path. This flow is referred to as the Cross-Equatorial Northerly Surge (CENS). However, the CENS phenomenon is not the sole factor influencing rainfall variability on Java Island. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) also contributes to changes in rainfall patterns on Java. This study aims to analyze rainfall patterns during occurrences of CENS, IOD, and their combined effects. The data used in this research includes rainfall data from five observation stations, as well as surface wind data, Sea Surface Temperature (SST), SST anomalies, and moisture transport. The results show significant increases in rainfall patterns at four observation stations during CENS in 2004-05, except at the Geophysics Station Cemara Bandung. Meanwhile, during CENS with negative IOD in 2004-05, increased rainfall patterns were observed at the Climatology Station Dramaga Bogor, Meteorology Kemayoran, and Meteorology Kertajati. CENS with positive IOD in 2019 resulted in lower rainfall across the five observation stations compared to the periods of CENS and CENS with negative IOD. Nevertheless, the significant role of CENS in transporting moist air can lead to rainfall.
Keyword: CENS, IOD, Moisture Transport, Rainfall, SST

Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography