Judul: Studi Pustaka Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Potensi Kapulaga Jawa (Amomum compactum Soland ex. Maton) sebagai Tanaman Obat
Abstrak: Kapulaga jawa atau yang memiliki nama lain Amomum compactum merupakan salah satu tanaman herbal yang memiliki banyak potensi. Minyak atsiri kapulaga jawa terdiri dari sebagian besar senyawa monoterpen yaitu 1.8-cineol, α-pinena, β-pinena, dan α-terpineol. Ekstrak kapulaga jawa memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lemah, dan minyak atsirinya hampir tidak menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antioksidan pada metode DPPH. Ekstrak kapulaga jawa menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri yang lebih lemah jika dibandingkan dengan minyak atsirinya. Ekstrak kapulaga jawa yang diberikan pada tikus diabetes yang telah diinduksi aloksan dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dan kadar kolesterol darah tikus. Ekstrak kapulaga yang digunakan untuk mengurangi efek inflamasi pada sel makrofag RAW 264.7 menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dapat menurunkan produksi NO, IL-6, PGE2, TNF-α, dan juga dapat menekan ekspresi gen yang mengkode iNOS serta COX-2. Kata kunci: Amomum compactum, antibakteri, antidiabetes, antiinflamasi, antikanker, antioksidan, Java cardamom or Amomum compactum is one of herbal medicinal plants which has lots of potential. Meanwhile its essential oils mostly consist of monoterpene compounds like 1.8-cineole, α-pinene, β-pinene, and α-terpineol. The extract of java cardamom has been tested for its antioxidant activity using DPPH method, then the result shows that the extract has low activity in scavanging free radicals while the essential oils shows almost non-existant activity to scavange free radicals. Its extract also shows low to moderate activity as an atibacterial compare to ts essential oils which has higher antibacterial effect. On the other hand, its extract has been used to treat a group of diabetic mice induced by alloxane and it is able to lower the blood glucose level in the mice’s bloodstream as well for its blood cholesterol level. Another source has mentioned that java cardamom extract has helped to suppress any symtomps of inflammation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, suppressing NO and PGE2 production, inhibiting the expression of iNOS, and induce HO-1 and COX-2 production. Keywords: Amomum compactum, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammation, anticancer, antioxidant
Keyword: Amomum compactum, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiinflammation, antioxidant

Judul: Optimasi Pelarut Ekstraksi Buah Kapulaga Jawa (Amomum compactum) Terhadap Kandungan Fenolik, Flavonoid, Dan Kapasitas Antioksidan
Abstrak: Tanaman kapulaga jawa (Amomum compactum) merupakan salah satu tanaman rempah yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan karena mempunyai kandungan metabolit sekunder berupa fenolik dan flavonoid. Pemilihan konsentrasi pelarut dan pH yang tepat merupakan hal yang penting dalam proses ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis variasi pH dan konsentrasi etanol yang optimum terhadap kandungan fenolik, flavonoid, dan kapasitas antioksidan dari buah kapulaga jawa dengan teknik microwave assisted extraction (MAE). Rancangan optimasi pelarut dibuat menggunakan Design Expert 13.0 dengan metode Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar total fenolik optimum etanol 53% dan pH 3,1. Kadar total flavonoid optimum pada etanol 30% dan pH 2,8. Kapasitas antioksidan DPPH (2,2’-dipenil-1-pikrilhidrazil ) dan FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) optimum pada etanol 70% pH 3,96. Solusi optimasi yang didapat yaitu penggunaan etanol 57,627% dan pH 3,402 dengan nilai desirability 0,684.
Keyword: Antioxidants, phenolics, flavonoids, microwave assisted extraction, javanese cardamom

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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