Judul: Optimization of Paddy Drying with an  Automatic Control System Based on Fuzzy Logic in Modern Rice Milling Plant  BULOG Karawang
Abstrak: Proses pengeringan gabah merupakan langkah krusial dalam memastikan kualitas akhir produk dan efisiensi produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan suhu dalam proses pengeringan gabah serta mengevaluasi efektivitasnya dengan menggunakan sistem kontrol otomatis berdasarkan logika fuzzy. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi laju pengeringan, waktu pengeringan, rendemen hasil proses pengeringan, loss, mutu beras, dan biaya. Penelitian ini mendasarkan atas literatur dan diskusi dengan mitra untuk mendapatkan suhu pengeringan dengan sistem kontrol otomatis berdasarkan logika fuzzy yang paling optimal. Pengujian dilakukan pada dua skenario suhu, yaitu 65-50 oC dan 65-55 oC yang mana kedua skenario tersebut memiliki perbedaan di tahap ke-4 penurunan suhu (50 oC dan 55 oC) yang kemudian dilakukan pengujian untuk menemukan titik optimal yang menghasilkan mutu beras terbaik dengan biaya dan waktu pengeringan optimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu optimal untuk pengeringan gabah adalah 50 °C yang menghasilkan mutu beras terbaik dengan tingkat rendemen pengeringan dan laju pengeringan tertinggi, waktu pengeringan tercepat, serta loss dan butir menir terendah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan sistem kontrol otomatis berdasarkan logika fuzzy dalam proses pengeringan gabah dapat secara efektif mengoptimalkan mutu beras yang dihasilkan, dengan rendemen yang tinggi dan butir menir yang rendah. Implementasi penggunaan sistem kontrol otomatis berdasarkan logika fuzzy ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi positif bagi pengolahan beras di Indonesia terutama di MRMP BULOG Karawang, The rice drying process is a crucial step in ensuring the final product quality and production efficiency. This research aims to optimize the temperature in the rice drying process and evaluate its effectiveness using an automatic control system based on fuzzy logic. The parameters include drying rate, drying time, yield of the drying process, loss, rice quality, and cost. This study is based on literature and discussions with partners to obtain the most optimal drying temperature with an automatic control system based on fuzzy logic. Testing was conducted on two temperature scenarios to find the optimal point that produces the best rice quality with optimal cost and drying time, namely 65-50 °C and 65-55 °C, where the two scenarios differ in the fourth stage of temperature reduction, at 50 °C and 55 °C. The results showed that the optimal temperature for rice drying is 50 °C, which produces the best rice quality with the highest yield and drying rate, fastest drying time, and the lowest loss and broken rice grains. This study concludes that the use of an automatic control system based on fuzzy logic in the rice drying process can effectively optimize the resulting rice quality, with high yield and low broken grains. The implementation of this automatic control system based on fuzzy logic is expected to provide positive contributions to the rice processing industry in Indonesia, especially in MRMP BULOG Karawang.
Keyword: optimization, temperature, automatic control system, drying, fuzzy

Judul: Analysis of Production Efficiency and Maintenance System of Modern Rice Milling Plant Perum BULOG Kendal
Abstrak: Modern Rice Milling Plant (MRMP) merupakan sarana penggilingan modern yang terintegrasi mulai dari pengeringan, penyimpanan gabah dan pengolahan padi menjadi beras hingga gudang beras. Permasalahan downtime mesin yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan produktivitas menurun. Oleh karena itu analisis efisiensi produksi dan sistem pemeliharaan (maintenance) diperlukan untuk menilai kinerja produksi dan mesin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat produktivitas kerja mesin dryer dan Rice Milling Unit (RMU) melalui perhitungan nilai Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), analisis six big losses, analisis fishbone diagram, dan identifikasi sistem pemeliharaan melalui penerapan Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), dan memberikan alternatif solusi berupa rekomendasi perbaikan untuk meningkatkan kinerja produksi dan mesin. Terdapat tiga faktor utama dalam perhitungan OEE yaitu ketersediaan mesin dan peralatan(availability), kinerja (performance), dan kualitas (quality). Rata-rata pencapaian nilai OEE pada mesin dryer dan Rice Milling Unit (RMU) di Modern Rice Milling Plant (MRMP) BULOG Kendal masih dibawah standar dari perusahaan kelas dunia yaitu sebesar 85%. Analisis six big losses menunjukkan bahwa reduce speed losses merupakan faktor dominan yang menyebabkan rendahnya nilai OEE pada mesin dryer dan RMU. Reduce speed losses terjadi karena kinerja mesin yang kurang optimal. Untuk mengatasi masalah, maka perlu dilakukan perbaikan pada mesin dryer dan RMU seperti membuat jadwal pergantian komponen mesin, menambah teknisi pemeliharaan mesin untuk mempercepat penanganan kerusakan mesin, dan melakukan peningkatan terhadap penerapan TPM sehingga dapat tercapainya efisiensi produksi dan perusahaan mampu memproduksi beras dengan optimal. Kata kunci: efisiensi, modern rice milling plant, overall equipment effectiveness, total productive maintenance, Modern Rice Milling Plant (MRMP) is a modern integrated milling facility starting from drying, grain storage and processing of paddy into rice to rice warehouses. The problem of high machine downtime can cause decreased productivity. Therefore an analysis of production efficiency and maintenance systems is needed to assess production and machine performance. This study aims to analyze the work productivity level of the dryer machine and the Rice Milling Unit (RMU) by calculating the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) value, analyzing six big losses, analyzing fishbone diagrams, and identifying maintenance systems through the implementation of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), and provide alternative solutions in the form of proposed improvements to improve production and engine performance. There are three main factors in calculating OEE, machine and equipment availability, performance, and quality. The average OEE score for dryer machines and Rice Milling Units (RMU) at BULOG Kendal's Modern Rice Milling Plant (MRMP) is still below the standards of world-class companies, which is 85%. The analysis of six big losses shows that reduced speed losses are the dominant factor causing the low OEE value on the dryer and RMU machines. Reduced speed losses occur due to less than optimal engine performance. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to make improvements to the dryer and RMU machines such as making a schedule for replacing machine components, adding machine maintenance technicians to speed up handling machine damage, and making improvements to the application of TPM so that production efficiency can be achieved and the company is able to produce rice optimally. Keywords: efficiency, modern rice milling plant, overall equipment effectiveness, total productive maintenance
Keyword: efficiency, modern rice milling plant, overall equipment effectiveness, total productive maintenance

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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