Judul: Analisis Cadangan Karbon Sebagai Jasa Lanskap Padang Golf di JABOPUNJUR
Abstrak: Golf courses as man-made landscapes have an important contribution to ecosystem dynamics. Up to now there is still few information of potential carbon stock from golf course vegetation. The presence of vegetations in golf course that able to sequestrate the carbon dioxide were needed for climate change mitigation in order to creating low Carbon as one of the environmental services. This research was conducted at three study sites of golf courses in Jakarta, Bogor, Puncak, and Cianjur (JABOPUNJUR), i.e Cibodas Golf Park, Bogor Golf Club, and the Golf Pantai Indah Kapuk. Those study sites were selected due to the different elevation, Cibodas Golf Park 1330 m above sea level (m asl), Bogor Golf Club 230 m asl, the Golf Pantai Indah Kapuk 3 m asl, respectively. The objectives of this research were: 1) to analyse potential carbon stock in turfgrass, 2) to analyse potential carbon stock of trees and 3) to analyse the structure composition and type of vegetation. There were 42 sampling plot scattered and observed at Cibodas Golf Park, Bogor Golf Club, and the Golf Pantai Indah Kapuk. Carbon stock estimation was calculated by non-destructive sampling method using existing allometric equation. Based on the results turfgrass contributes smaller carbon stock than tree stands on game area, only less than 25 % of the total value from carbon stock in all golf courses. Turfgrass carbon stock increased following by decreasing elevation 7530.26, 9531.36, and 10828.34 kg/ha in Cibodas Golf Park, Bogor Golf Club, and the Golf Pantai Indah Kapuk respectively. On the other side, the highest trees carbon stock was found in Bogor Golf Club 35931.42 kg/ha, following by the Golf Pantai Indah Kapuk 23496.40 kg/ha, and Cibodas Golf Park 10332.97 kg/ha. According to vegetation analysis the level of species diversity was medium at Cibodas Golf Park (H’ = 2.73) and high at Bogor Golf Club (H’ = 4.19), and the Golf Pantai Indah Kapuk (H’ = 3). The difference of carbon stock in turfgrass and trees were strongly influenced by the elevation, age and structure of the trees, as well as basal area of vegetation stands.
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Judul: Trend Tata Hijau pada Lanskap Area Permainan Lapangan Golf Klub Golf Bogor Raya
Abstrak: Arrangement of plants is important in a golf course landscape which it add beauty, functions for comfort. The purpose of this research was to know the trend of green system in each landscape units of KGBR golf course that indicated by plant diversity and arrangement of plants. The research was also aimed to draw up recommendation on the green system of golf course. Diversity of plants on KGBR golf course were observed including value of frequency, value of abundance, dominance of species, and diversity index of plant. The function and aesthetic aspects of the plants was also analyzed by comparing the existing condition with ideal criteria obtained from study of literatures. Results of studies indicated that the plant with highest value of dominance, frequency, and abundance in most of golf course was Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon var. ’tifway’). The trend of green system in KGBR was designed with the concept of arboretum or collection of trees species ,which can be seen from the plants selection was mostly the type of trees. The diversity index of trees and shrubs in most of study area was classified in medium diversity. Meanwhile, groundcover plants in most of study area was classified in low diversity. Study area with highest diversity index of tree species (2,98) was found in area of 10th hole. The functional aspect in most of area studies is good and very good. The trend of plants arrangement in tee box and fairway in KGBR can grouped into three types, such as: line planting type, group planting type, and combination both line and group planting type. The plant arrangement in green areas was classified into two types, such as arrangement that only used tree formation with line type and arrangement that used the combination of trees, shrubs, and groundcover plants with line and group types.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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