Judul: Analysis of Mangrove Land Cover Changes on the Vulnerability of the Coastal Areas and Tsunami Impacts in the Mentawai Islands, West Sumatra
Abstrak: Konversi lahan mangrove semakin tinggi seiring meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan kebutuhan manusia akan lahan yang mengakibatkan kerusakan dan berkurangnya luas hutan mangrove dan kerentanan kawasan pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga laju perubahan tutupan mangrove di Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai menggunakan analisis tren, menduga perubahan garis pantai menggunakan Digital Shoreline Analysis System yang selanjutnya digunakan untuk menduga kerentanan pesisir menggunakan Coastal Vulnerability Index, dan mengetahui pengaruh tsunami terhadap kerentanan daratan dan dampaknya pada wilayah pesisir di Pulau Pagai Utara, Kepulauan Mentawai. Laju rata-rata perubahan tutupan lahan mangrove di Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai sebesar -45,75 ha/tahun dan didominasi oleh konversi lahan mangrove menjadi lahan pertanian. Pulau Pagai Utara (sisi selatan) pada tahun 2007-2017 mengalami laju pemunduran garis pantai tertinggi sebesar -10,46 m/tahun dan laju pemajuan garis pantai sebesar 15,14 m/tahun dengan rata-rata pemajuan garis pantai sebesar 2,22 m/tahun. Kerentanan pesisir bagian selatan Pulau Pagai Utara didapatkan 0% tergolong ke dalam kelas sangat rendah, 0% tergolong ke dalam kelas rendah, 26,67% tergolong ke dalam kelas sedang, 33,33% tergolong ke dalam kelas tinggi, dan 40% tergolong ke dalam kelas sangat tinggi dari total panjang garis pantai sebesar 60,09 km. Wilayah pulau Pagai Utara yang topografinya rendah, landai dan juga dekat dengan pantai memiliki kerentanan yang tinggi terhadap tsunami. Dampak Tsunami tahun 2010 terhadap pantai Barat Mentawai berupa hilangnya kawasan serta beberapa jenis mangrove yang diamati yaitu Rhizophora apiculate dan Bruguiera gymnorrhiza., The conversion of mangrove land is getting higher along with the increasing population and human needs as well as natural disaster factors such as the Tsunami which can also cause damage and reduce the area of the mangrove forest. This study aims to estimate the rate of change in mangrove cover in the Mentawai Islands Regency using trend analysis, to predict shoreline changes using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System which is then used to estimate coastal vulnerability using the Coastal Vulnerability Index, and to determine the effect of the Tsunami on Land Vulnerability and Its Impact on Coastal Areas on North Pagai Island, Mentawai Islands. The average rate of change in mangrove land cover in the Mentawai Islands Regency is -45,75 ha/year and is dominated by the conversion of mangrove land to agricultural land. The pace of coastline change in North Pagai Island (south side) in 2007 to 2017 has been retreating with a rate of -10,46 m/year and expanded with a rate of 15,14 m/year, hence has a net expansion of 2,22 m/year. The vulnerability of the southern coast of North Pagai Island, 0% has very low vulnerability, 0% low vulnerability, 26,67% medium vulnerability, 33,33% high vulnerability, and 40% very high vulnerability of the total length of the coastline of 60,09 km. The area of North Pagai Island, which has a low topography and is sloping and near the coast, has a high susceptibility to tsunamis. The impact of the 2010 Tsunami on the West coast of Mentawai was the loss of areas and several species of mangroves, namely Rhizophora apiculate and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza.
Keyword: coastline, land conversion, DSAS, trend analysis, tsunami

Judul: Study of Mangrove Land Cover Changes and Sea Level Rise on Coastal Vulnerability of Bekasi Regency
Abstrak: Perubahan tataguna lahan, khususnya tutupan mangrove sangat mempengaruhi kerentanan kawasan pesisir. Kecamatan Muara Gembong, Kabupaten Bekasi ditetapkan sebagai salah satu kawasan hutan lindung mangrove. Konversi lahan mangrove serta bencana erosi pantai mengancam kerentanan kawasan pesisir Kabupaten Bekasi. Penelitian ini mengkaji perubahan tutupan lahan mangrove serta menganalisis kerentanan pesisir wilayah Kabupaten Bekasi tahun 2000 dan 2020. Pengkajian perubahan tutupan lahan mangrove dilakukan dengan menggunakan supervised classification untuk membaginya menjadi 5 kelas tutupan lahan, yaitu mangrove, vegetasi, lahan terbangun, lahan terbuka, dan badan air, kemudian memvalidasinya menggunakan Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Metode coastal vulnerability index (CVI) digunakan untuk menilai kerentanan pesisir Kabupaten Bekasi. Klasifikasi kerentanan yang dilakukan di wilayah kajian yang dibagi menjadi 72 grid menunjukkan bahwa separuh diantaranya (36 grid) tergolong memiliki kerentanan tinggi. Penurunan tutupan mangrove dari tahun 2000 sampai 2020 sebesar 23,55% menyebabkan kerentanan Muara Gembong bertambah luas, yang ditunjukkan oleh tambahan 26 grid yang memiliki kerentanan tinggi. Melindungi mangrove yang ada dan merestorasi garis pantai yang terdegradasi pelu diprioritaskan untuk mengurangi risiko bencana di Kawasan pesisir Kabupaten Bekasi., Coastal areas are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of human induced climate change and land-use change, especially mangrove cover. Muara Gembong District, Bekasi Regency is designated as one of the mangrove protected forest. However, rampant conversion has been causing coastal erosion in Bekasi Regency. This study examines changes in mangrove land cover and analyzes the coastal vulnerability of the Bekasi Regency area in 2000 and 2020. The assessment of mangrove land cover change was carried out using supervised classification five classes of land cover, including mangroves, vegetation, built-up area, open land, and water bodies, then validate it using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The coastal vulnerability index (CVI) method was adopted to assessthe coastal vulnerability of Bekasi Regency. The vulnerability classification carriedout in the study area divided into 72 grids showed that half of them (36 grids) were classified as highly vulnerable. The decrease mangrove cover during 2000-2020 of 23.55% caused the vulnerability of Muara Gembong to increase, as shown by additional 26 grids that are highly vulnerability. Protecting the existing mangroves and restoring the degraded area should be prioritized to reduce risks of disaster in the coastal zone of Bekasi Regency
Keyword: climate change, CVI, land-use, Muara Gembong, shoreline

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
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