Judul: Diskriminasi Tepung Talas, Singkong, dan Terigu Menggunakan Spektrum Inframerah Dekat dan Kemometrik
Abstrak: Tepung talas, tepung singkong, dan tepung terigu memiliki perbedaan harga jual yang cukup tinggi. Kondisi ini mendorong terjadinya kasus pemalsuan pada ketiga jenis tepung tersebut sehingga akan menurunkan mutusuatu tepung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendiskriminasikan ketiga jenis tepung yang berasal dari beberapa daerah dengan menggunakan spektrum inframerah dekat (NIR) yang dikombinasikan dengan kemometrika. Teknik analisis dengan kemometrik diperlukan dalam mempermudah intrepretasi data, salah satunya adalah analisis multivariat. Analisis multivariat yang digunakan antaralain, analisis komponen utama (AKU) dan analisis diskriminan (AD). Proses pendahuluan sinyal berupa normalisasi area pada panjang gelombang 1000 hingga 2500 nm dilakukan sebelum analisis multivariat dikerjakan. Hasil AKU menunjukkan sebagian besar sampel dapat mengelompok, tetapi terdapat 1 sampel tepung talas (Cihideung) dan 1 sampel singkong (Singkawang Tengah) yang tidak berada dikelompoknya. Sementara itu, hasil AD menunjukkan ketiga sampel tepung dapat mengelompok dengan baik. Model diskriminasi divalidasi untuk menguji keberhasilan suatu model. Hasil validasi ini menunjukkan sampel dapat teridentifikasi ke dalam kelompoknya masing-masing.
Keyword: diskriminasi, kemometrik, spektrum inframerah dekat, tepung

Judul: Diskriminasi temu lawak, temu mangga, temu hitam, dan kunyit menggunakan spektrum ultraviolet-tampak dan kemometrika
Abstrak: Temu lawak, temu mangga, temu hitam, dan kunyit termasuk ke dalam genus curcuma yang banyak digunakan di indonesia sebagai obat tradisional (jamu) untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendiskriminasikan sampel keempat simplisia yang berasal dari berbagai daerah di pulau jawa dengan menggunakan spektrum ultraviolet-tampak yang dikombinasikan dengan kemometrika. Prapemrosesan sinyal untuk data matriks spektrum ultraviolet-tampak pada daerah 200500 nm telah dilakukan menggunakan variat normal standar sebelum diolah dengan analisis multivariat, seperti principal component analysis (pca), linear discriminant analysis (lda), dan soft independent modeling of class analogy (simca). Sampel dapat dikelompokkan menggunakan metode pca, namun hasil pengelompokan tersebut belum memberikan keterpisahan antarsampel, begitu pula dengan klasifikasi sampel menggunakan simca yang belum memberikan hasil keterpisahan antarsampel. Keempat sampel dapat didiskriminasikan menggunakan metode lda dan validasi silang model lda memberikan nilai akurasi sebesar 94.2%
Keyword: curcuma, diskriminasi, kemometrika, spektrum ultraviolet-tampak

Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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