Judul: Development of Rapid Viability and Vigor Test Methods for Corn (Zea mays L.) Seeds Using Urine Sugar Analysis Paper
Abstrak: Urine sugar analysis paper (USAP) telah digunakan untuk uji cepat viabilitas dan vigor benih kedelai berdasarkan terdeteksinya bocoran protein di dalam air rendaman benih. Penelitian bertujuan mengembangkan metode uji cepat viabilitas dan vigor benih jagung menggunakan USAP dengan mendeteksi bocoran glukosa, protein, dan perubahan pH pada berbagai tingkat viabilitas dan vigor. Tahap pertama penelitian ini adalah pembuatan lot benih dengan tiga bulan penyimpanan, disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor yaitu kemasan benih (plastik polypropylene, plastik polyethylene, kertas amplop coklat, dan tanpa kemasan). Tahap kedua adalah uji kebocoran glukosa, protein dan perubahan pH menggunakan USAP. Percobaan menggunakan RAL satu faktor, 12 kombinasi perlakuan yaitu kondisi benih (utuh, dibelah dua, dan dihaluskan) dengan lama perendaman (0, 6, 9, dan 12 jam). Hasil tahap pertama dan tahap kedua dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana dan uji korelasi untuk mengetahui hubungan antara keduanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan USAP mampu mendeteksi bocoran glukosa pada perlakuan benih dibelah dua dan dihaluskan pada semua lama perendaman, namun tidak dapat membedakan tingkat viabilitas dan vigor benih. Indikator bocoran protein dan perubahan pH tidak terdeteksi sehingga tidak dapat membedakan tingkat viabilitas dan vigor benih., Urine sugar analysis paper (USAP) has been used to test the viability and vigor of soybean seeds based on detection of protein leakage in the seed’s soaking water. The research aimed to develop a rapid viability and vigor test method for corn seeds using USAP by detecting leaks of glucose, protein and changes in pH at various levels of viability and vigor. The first stage of this research was making seed lots with three months of storage, arranged using a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, namely seed packaging (polypropylene plastic, polyethylene plastic, brown envelope paper, and without packaging). The second stage was testing for glucose and protein leakage and changes in pH using USAP. The experiment used a CRD with one factor, consisted of 12 treatment combinations, namely seed conditions (intact, halved, and crushed) with different soaking durations (0, 6, 9, and 12 hours). The results of the first and second stages were analyzed using simple linear regression analysis and correlation tests to determine the relationship between them. The results showed that USAP could detect glucose leakage in the halved and crushed seed treatments at all soaking durations but could not differentiate between seed viability and vigor levels. The indicators of protein leakage and pH changes were not detected thus could not distinguish seed viability and vigor levels.
Keyword: glucose, protein, seed lot, seed storage, soaking time

Judul: Development of Rapid Viability Test Method for Long Bean (Vigna sinensis L.) Seed Using Urine Sugar Analysis Paper
Abstrak: Kacang panjang merupakan komoditas dengan permintaan benih yang tinggi sehingga perlu dikembangkan metode pengujian viabilitas yang cepat dan murah. Urine sugar analysis paper (USAP) merupakan kertas yang mampu menganalisis kandungan glukosa, protein, dan pH dalam suatu larutan. Penelitian bertujuan mengembangkan metode pengujian viabilitas benih kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.) secara cepat menggunakan USAP pada tingkat viabilitas dan vigor yang berbeda dari hasil pengusangan cepat. Percobaan terdiri atas dua tahap, tahap 1 pembuatan lot benih menggunakan pengusangan cepat fisik. Data dianalisis menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor yaitu lama pengusangan dengan 6 taraf: 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, dan 120 jam. Tahap 2 adalah menentukan lama perendaman benih yang tepat dalam menguji perbedaan kebocoran glukosa, protein, dan pH hasil pengusangan tahap 1 menggunakan USAP. Perlakuan lama perendaman tahap 2 yaitu 3, 6, dan 9 jam. Hasil tahap 1 dan 2 dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi dan regresi sederhana untuk mengetahui hubungan antara keduanya. Pengembangan uji viabilitas menggunakan USAP berdasarkan indikator glukosa dapat membedakan benih viabilitas tinggi dan rendah dengan lama perendaman efektif varietas Sabrina adalah 3 jam dan varietas Persada 35 adalah 6 dan 9 jam. Perbedaan viabilitas dan vigor tidak terdeteksi berdasarkan indikator protein dan pH., Long bean is a commodity with high demand of seed so it’s necessary to develop rapid and cheap viability testing. Urine sugar analysis paper (USAP) is paper to analyze glucose content, protein and pH in a solution. This research aimed to develop rapid viability and vigor test method of long beans (Vigna sinensis L.) using USAP on several levels of viability and vigor created by accelerated aging. The experiment was conducted on two steps, first is making seed lots using physical accelerated aging. Data analyzed using single factor completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 levels of accelerated aging period i.e. 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. The second step is determining convenient soaking period of seeds for testing the differences in glucose leakage, protein, and pH from first step using USAP. Soaking period that used i.e. 3, 6, and 9 hours. The results from first and second step were analyzed using correlation and simple regression test to find out the correlation between the two. Development of viability test using USAP based on glucose indicator can distinguish high and low viability seeds with effective soaking period for Sabrina variety was 3 hours and Persada 35 variety was 6 and 9 hours. The differences in viability and vigor can’t be detected based on protein and pH indicators.
Keyword: accelerated aging, glucose, pH, protein, vigor

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
Keyword: