Judul: Pengembangan Keswadayaan Kelompok Usaha Simpan Pinjam Sebagai Strategi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (Studi Kasus di RW IV Kwaluhan, Kelurahan Kertosari, Kabupaten Temanggung, Propinsi Jawa Tengah)
Abstrak: One of poverty caused is the limited accessing to financial resources. Empowerment strategy to overcome limitation access through group approach as Rotating Saving and Credit Assosiation (Kelompok Usaha Simpan Pinjam- KUSP). But that way, caused by management, participate of member and partner in effort factor, KUSP have experienced of resistance in developing capacity of self-help support to fulfill financial need of members. Objective of this study is to extend understanding self-help supporting of KUSP, resistance and support factors of self-help supporting, identify opportunity to develop self-help supporting and compile of strategy can be conducted to develop KUSP. As a result of research show that self-help supporting of KUSP, include administrative, managerial and financial autonomy still require to be developed in order to fulfill member`s need and aspiration. In administrative autonomy aspect: 1) Orientation of programs compiled at interest of leader to lessen risk and refraining from burden and difficulty work; 2) In substance, programs compiled do not cover effort of trouble-shooting and service development. In managerial autonomy aspect: 1) Job description not been done clearly. There are inappropriate between job and manager responsibility; 2) Capacity to repay and it`s interest is have been fluenting; 3) Audit is formality. In financial autonomy aspect show: 1) Sources of asset still limited of elementary and obligatory deposit; 2) Asset growth of KUSP ill assorted with credit requirement member; 3) KUSP have capital deficiency to fulfill credit requirement of members. The resistance factors of self-help supporting are: 1) Lack of motivation, knowledge and manegerial skill; 2) Lack of members participation in objectives and activity determination to develop services; 3) KUSP have any network with government and the financial institution. Opportunity to move forward KUSP can be conducted by: 1) Lingkage building with programs of community development from Badan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa (Badan PMD) and Kantor Pelayanan Koperasi dan UKM which conduct of management education and training for credit institution in community; 2) Carrying out saving outside of elementary and obligatory deposit; 3) Change deviden (Sisa Hasil Usaha) pattern from pursuant to amount of deposit become the level of service given by a members to increase of member participate; 4) Build networking with Bank Pasar Temanggung to fulfill the capital requirement. Goal of self-help supporting development program of KUSP is to realize self-reliance, so that can give service to member and community in fulfilling need of economic and social aspect sustainability. It`s reached by applying Verhagen self-help supporting development instrument partisipatively, include identification of participant, partisipatory research and planning, education and mutual training, resources mobilization, management consultation, build networking, movement and extension building, monitoring and self going evaluation.
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Judul: Penguatan Kelembagaan Usaha Ekonomi Desa Simpan Pinjam Dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal di Desa Koto Teluk Kecamatan Hamparan Rawang Kabupaten Kerinci Provinsi Jambi
Abstrak: Lembaga Keuangan Mikro (LKM) telah lama menjadi sarana untuk mengembangkan ekonomi rakyat dan memberdayakan rakyat kecil, disamping itu LKM merupakan salah satu pendekatan dalam menanggulangi kemiskinan, karena dapat berfungsi sebagai lembaga yang menyediakan berbagai jasa keuangan, untuk kegiatan produktif maupun konsumtif bagi keluarga miskin. Usaha Ekonomi Desa Simpan Pinjam sebagai salah satu lembaga keuangan mikro di Desa Koto Teluk belum mampu menjawab kebutuhan masyarakat akan bantuan modal usaha. Tujuan kajian ini adalah menganalisis kondisi ekonomi lokal dan potensi pengembangannya, menganalisis kapasitas kelembagaan UED-SP baik pengurus maupun Anggota UED-SP, dan menganalisis performa kelembagaan UED-SP, serta merumuskan strategi dan program penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan UEDSP dalam pengembangan ekonomi lokal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah; pengamatan berpartisipasi, studi dokumentasi, wawancara mendalam dan focus group discussion (FGD). Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap kegiatan, yaitu pemetaan sosial, evaluasi program pengembangan masyarakat dan kajian pengembangan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Desa Koto Teluk memiliki potensi sumberdaya alam, sumber daya manusia dan kelembagaan yang jika dimanfaatkan atau dikembangkan secara optimal akan dapat menjadi energi untuk memberdayakan ekonomi lokal. Dalam rangka penguatan kelembagaan UED-SP guna pengembangan ekonomi lokal, UED-SP mengalami permasalahan yaitu: kurangnya pemahaman dan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang UED-SP, manajemen kelembagaan belum optimal, modal usaha yang masih terbatas, dan kurangnya ketrampilan anggota dalam pengembangan usaha-usaha baru yang potensial. Penyusunan strategi dan program dilakukan bersama-sama dengan masyarakat melalui diskusi kelompok dengan tahap -tahap : Identifikasi potensi dan permasalahan, Indentifikasi faktor intern al (kekuatan dan kelemahan), Identifikasi faktor eksternal (peluang dan ancaman), Analisis matrik SWOT, Penyusunan strategi dan rancangan program. Strategi dan program penguatan kelembagaan UED-SP yang dilaksanakan di Desa Koto Teluk adalah sebagai berikut: Penguatan Norma Lembaga Kepada Masyarakat, Penataan Manajemen UED-SP, Peningkatan Modal Usaha, Peningkatan Ketrampilan Usaha Ekonomis Produktif Anggota
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Judul: The Leukocyte Profile of Pregnant Friesian Holstein Cows vaccinated with Escherichia coli K99 polivalen vaccine.
Abstrak: The objective of this experiment was to study the leukocyte profile of pregnant cows vaccinated with E.coli K99 polivalen vaccine. Three pregnant Friesian Holsteins cows were used in this experiment. Before the administration of vaccine, the cows were given a series of immunomodulator injection for three days. The vaccinations were administered three times at 8, 6, and 4 weeks before calving. Blood were drawn through jugular vein, first before the administration of vaccines, then weekly until calving. Based on the observation, it can be concluded that the administration of E.coli K99 polivalen vaccine in pregnant cows not affected the leukocyte profile. Keywords : Escherichia coli vaccine, leukocyte profile, differential leukocyte
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