Judul: Sintesis Bio-nano Komposit Antistatik  Berbasis Polipropilena yang Diperkuat dengan Mono-Diasilgliserol dan  Nanokristal Selulosa sebagai Kemasan Perangkat Elektronik
Abstrak: The advancement of science in the era of globalization requires scientists to continue to carry out research to produce new knowledge in their fields, one of which is materials science. One of the material sciences that has a high attention to be discovered is synthetic polymer-based materials. This is in line with the trend of using synthetic polymer-based materials which are predicted to increase to fulfill human needs. One example is the use of synthetic polypropylene (PP) polymers. PP is known as a polymer that is susceptible to high temperatures, flammable, prone to UV degradation, susceptible to oxidation, difficult to paint, and can damage the environment due to its non-degradable nature, but PP is recyclable. Therefore, to minimize the disadvantages of PP, it is necessary to modify PP into bio-nano composites which have antistatic properties, are easily decomposed, and have high mechanical strength. PP modification is carried out by adding natural material, namely mono-diacylglycerols (M-DAG) from palm oil by-products as antistatic agents and lubricants in the extrusion process, and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as reinforcement and biodegradability enhancers. The combination of M-DAG and CNC is expected to produce a synergistic effect to improve the quality of the antistatic bio-nano composites. In addition, to improve their performance, it is necessary to analyze the required Cumulative Energy Demand (CED), Cumulative Cost Demand (CCD), and the Global Warming Potential (GWP) generated during the synthesis process of antistatic bio-nano composites using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. LCA is a “cradle to grave” method that is divided into four main options to determine system boundaries that are analyzed according to the ISO 14044 standard. The final stage of this research is to estimate the performance and physical and mechanical characteristics of antistatic bio-nano composites as the new generation of electronic device packaging materials. The main purpose of this research is to synthesize PP-based antistatic bio-nano composites reinforced with M-DAG and CNC and their potential application in electronic device packaging. The specific purposes of this research are: (1) to identify the characteristics of raw materials for the synthesis of antistatic bio-nano composites; (2) to analyze the performance and mechanical characteristics of PP-based antistatic bio-nano composites reinforced with M-DAG and CNC at different concentrations compared to the performance and mechanical characteristics of pure PP; (3) to calculate the effect of the use of M-DAG at cycle time (CT) in the synthesis of antistatic bio-nano composites pellets using a twin-screw extruder; (4) to assess the CED and CCD required and environmental impact generated during the synthesis of antistatic bio-nano composites; and (5) to estimate the performance, physical and mechanical characteristics of antistatic bio-nano composites as the new generation of electronic device packaging materials. The results of this research show that, based on their physical properties, M-DAG, CNC, PP, and supporting materials as potential raw materials for the synthesis of antistatic bio-nano composites. Based on the characteristics of mechanical, thermal properties, and electrical resistivity of antistatic bio-nano composites, making it has potentially developed as the new generation of electronic device packaging. The mechanical properties of antistatic bio-nano composites show the best antistatic
Keyword: antistatic bio-nano composites, mono-diacylglycerols, cellulose  nanocrystals, polypropylene, electronic device packaging

Judul: Rekayasa proses sintesa nano seng oksida dari hasil samping industri galvanis sebagai bionanokomposit untuk kemasan antimikroba.
Abstrak: Galvanizing industry is an developer where fulfill metal-based product requirement in the society. Generally, galvanizing industry is involving plating process to avoid corrosion, with zinc is the metal commonly used for the purpose. This industry produces seng dross as byproduct that still contains zinc of 96.57%. Seng dross could be utilized using hydrometallugical method with glacial acetic acid extraction which would produce zinc acetate that could act as precursor. One of the materials commonly used in nanotechnology is nano zinc oxide. Zinc oxide nano particle is having antimicrobial properties. Zinc oxide nano particle could be used as additive that has antimicrobial effect of packaging, to prolong shelf life of product without addition of preservatives. Packaging material used is natural polymer of bionanocomposite. This material could be degraded and safe for the environment. The aims of this research are to obtain zinc acetate extraction process from zinc dross, obtaining method and process condition of zinc oxide nano particle synthesis, to produce nano particle of zinc oxide, to obtain the formulation of bionanocomposite containing zinc oxide, and to obtain the formulation of bionanocomposite antimicrobial packaging. This research was conducted in several stages, namely: (1) Zinc dross extraction into zinc acetate. Three variables were used in this process, namely temperature (130o C, 150o C,and 170o C), acetic acid concentration (20%, 40% and 60%), and processing time (1, 2, and 3 hours). (2) Nano zinc oxide synthesis, using combined method of sol-gel,sonochemistry and calcination. Variables used were pH (8, 10, and 12), sonication time (45, 60, and 75 minutes). (3) Bionanocomposite production process. Variables used were polyvinyl alcohol concentration (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) and nano zinc oxide (0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15%). In application test, nano zinc oxide acts as antimicrobial compound on fresh meat packaging, using variables of zinc oxide nanoparticles (0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%), and storage time (2, 4, 6, and 8 days) Results show that optimum condition of seng dross extraction on glacial acetic acid was at 130o C, acetic acid concentration 60% and processing time of 1 hour. This condition gives zinc acetate with zinc content of 75.39% and solubility of 99%. Optimum process condition of nano zinc oxide production was pH 10 and sonication time of 60 minutes. This condition produces zinc oxide nano particle with size of 120 nm, nanorod shapes, regular and homogenous, and containing zinc 87.31%. Optimum condition of bionanocomposite development was at polyvinyl alcohol concentration of 1.0%, and nano zinc oxide concentration of 0.10%. On application of bionanocomposite as antimicrobial packaging the optimum condition was nano zinc oxide concentration of 2% and storage time of 8 days. Antimicrobial bionanocompositepackaging material composition is found on the ration of tapioca : carrageenan : glycerol : polyvinyl alcohol : nano zinc oxide is 5 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 2. Application of antimicrobial bionanocomposite packaging material for fresh meat show that after 8 days in temperature of 9o C, the aroma and color organoleptic properties was maintain at good quality. Increase in pH was observed, therefore no E. coli bacteria was growing.
Keyword: zinc dross, nano zinc oxide, bionanocomposite, antimicrobial

Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii