Judul: Efek Penggunaan Probiotik Cair dalam Ransum Berbasis Rumput Gajah dan Konsentrat Berkadar Protein dan Energi Berbeda
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh taraf protein dan taraf energi (TDN) optimum dalam ransum berbasis rumput gajah (RG) dan konsentrat, sehingga penggunaan probiotik cair sebagai imbuhan pakan menjadi lebih baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok berpola faktorial 4×2 dengan empat ulangan. Faktor A adalah perlakuan ransum (RG) dan konsentrat, (rasio 60:40%) dengan taraf protein kasar (PK) dan energi (TDN) yang berbeda, A1 = RG + konsentrat (14% PK, 60% TDN), A2 = RG + konsentrat (14% PK, 65% TDN), A3 = RG + konsentrat (11% PK, 60% TDN), A4 = RG + konsentrat (11% PK, 65% TDN). Faktor B adalah perlakuan probiotik: B1 = tanpa probiotik cair (0.00%), B2 = probiotik cair (0.50% v.b-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ransum A1 (14% PK, 60% TDN) mempunyai efek yang positif terhadap pH rumen, dan konsentrasi NH3. Suplementasi probiotik cair pada taraf 0.50% v.b-1 belum memberikan hasil yang positif terhadap peubah yang diamati.
Keyword: kecernaan, probiotik cair, taraf energi (TDN), taraf protein

Judul: Fermentabilitas dan Kecernaan in vitro Ransum Berbasis Jerami Padi dan Konsentrat yang Disuplementasi dengan Probiotik Padat atau Cair.
Abstrak: This study was aimed at examining effects of rice straw-based feed and concentrate supplemented with solid or liquid probiotic on in vitro fermentation and digestibility. This study consisted of two factors; Factor A : feed treatment with a ratio 60:40% of a mixture of rice straw (RS) and concentrate; A1 = RS + control concentrate (10% CP), A2 = RS + optimal concentrate (12% CP), A3 = RS + suboptimal concentrate (14% CP). Factor B : probiotic treatment; B1 = without probiotic (0%), B2 = solid probiotic (0.25% b/b), B3 = liquid probiotic (0.10% v/b). A factorial randomized block design (RBD) 3 x 3 (4 replications) was applied. The result showed that ammonia and total VFA concentrations and digestibility were influenced by probiotic supplementation whereas bacterial populations were affected by feed treatments and probiotic supplementation; however, these treatments did not significantly affect protozoal populations and microbial protein synthesis. A3 is the best feed treatment that can be used, and liquid probitic supplementation (B3) is the optimal treatment.
Keyword: concentrate, in vitro, liquid probiotic, protein level, solid probiotic

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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