Judul: Profil Leukogram, Aktivitas SOD, dan Kadar Hemoglobin Daging pada Sapi dan Domba Setelah Penyembelihan
Abstrak: Produksi daging melalui penyembelihan berpotensi menimbulkan stres pada sapi dan domba jika dilakukan dengan tidak benar. Penelitian ini menggambarkan profil stres berdasarkan analisis leukogram yang diperoleh dari hasil penghitungan jumlah dan diferensial leukosit, aktivitas enzim superoksida dismutase (SOD) dan kandungan hemoglobin dalam daging berdasarkan analisis spektrofotometri. Potensi pengolahan citra digital dari kamera ponsel dan scanner turut diuji menggunakan imageJ. Sampel yang digunakan adalah darah, hati dan daging dari 5 ekor sapi dan 5 ekor domba yang disembelih tanpa proses pemingsanan. Hasil pengamatan kondisi stres dianalisis menggunakan uji T tidak berpasangan, sedangkan potensi pengolahan citra digital menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil analisis leukogram tidak menunjukkan kondisi stres. Aktivitas enzim SOD berbeda nyata pada kedua jenis hewan. Hasil pengujian malachite green menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan kandungan hemoglobin dalam daging pada kedua jenis hewan. Hasil uji korelasi Pearson menunjukkan pengolahan citra digital dari kamera ponsel dan scanner berpotensi digunakan sebagai alternatif spektrofotometer., Meat production through slaughter has the potential to cause stress in cattle and sheep if done inmproperly. This study describes stress profiles based on leukogram analysis obtained from leukocyte counts and differentials, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and hemoglobin content in meat based on spectrophotometric analysis. The digital image processing potential of mobile phone cameras and scanners was also tested using imageJ. The samples used were blood, liver tissue, and meat from 5 cattle and 5 sheep slaughtered without stunning. The results of observations of stress conditions were analyzed using the unpaired T test, while the potential of digital image processing used the Pearson correlation test. The results of leukogram analysis did not show stress conditions. SOD enzyme activity was significantly different. Malachite green test results showed no difference in hemoglobin content in meat. The results of the Pearson correlation test show that digital image processing from mobile phone cameras and scanners potentially to be used as an alternative to spectrophotometers.
Keyword: kolorimetri, leukogram, penyembelihan, stres, superoksida dismutase

Judul: The Influence of Slaughter Methods on Stress Level and Meat Hemoglobin Level Based on Colorimetric Analysis
Abstrak: Daging sapi merupakan komoditas ketahanan pangan domestik yang permintaannya meningkat setiap tahun dan diperhatikan kualitasnya melalui uji kesempurnaan pengeluaran darah. Terdapat dua metode penanganan penyembelihan, yaitu stunning dan non stunning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar hemoglobin daging dan diferensial leukosit dari sapi yang disembelih stunning dan non-stunning. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 9 daging sapi dan 9 darah sapi dari sapi yang berbeda-beda. Daging sapi diekstraksi dan diuji Malachite Green untuk menentukan kesempurnaan pengeluaran darah. Ekstrak daging kemudian diukur kadar hemoglobinnya menggunakan spektrofotometer, scanner, dan kamera ponsel. Hasil citra/gambar yang didapat dari scanner dan kamera ponsel kemudian diolah menggunakan ImageJ. Sampel darah yang diambil kemudian dihitung leukosit dan rasio neutrofil-limfositnya. Hasil dianalisis menggunakan SPSS. Hasil pengukuran hemoglobin menggunakan spektrofotometer BOECO, spektrofotometer Vernier, scanner, dan kamera ponsel dari sampel stunning berturut-turut adalah 7,0±2,5; 5,7±1,8; 10,2±3,0; 3,1±2,0 dan dari sampel non stunning berturut-turut adalah 3,5±1,5; 2,7±0,5; 10,5±2,2; 2,9±0,5. Perbandingan kadar hemoglobin antara kedua sampel tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Jumlah leukosit menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata dan lebih tinggi dari kadar normal. Scanner dan kamera ponsel memiliki potensi baik sebagai alternatif pengganti spektrofotometer untuk kolorimetri., Beef is domestic food security commodity whose demand is increasing every year and its quality is considered through a bleeding perfection test. Two methods of handling slaughter are stunning and non stunning. This study aims to determine the comparison of the hemoglobin content of meat and the differential of leukocytes from stunning and non-stunning slaughtered cows. The samples used were 9 beef and 9 beef blood from different cows. The beef is extracted and tested with Malachite Green to determine the perfection of blood drainage. The meat extract was measured for its hemoglobin level using spectrophotometer, scanner, and cell phone camera. The results of the image from scanner and phone cameraii are then processed using ImageJ. The blood samples were counted for leukocytes and neutrophil-limphocyte ratio. The results were analyzed on SPSS. The results of hemoglobin measurements using the BOECO spectrophotometer, Vernier spectrophotometer, scanner, and phone camera from stunning samples were 7,0±2,5; 5,7±1,8; 10,2±3,0; 3,1±2,0 and from non-stunning samples, 3,5±1,5; 2,7±0,5; 10,5±2,2; 2,9±0,5 that showed no significant difference. Leukocyte total showed a signifficant difference and also higher than normal. Scanner and cell phone cameras have good potential as an alternative to spectrophotometers for colorimetry.
Keyword: beef, colorimetry, leukocyte, non stunning, neutrophile-limphocyte ratio, stunning

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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