Judul: The impact of road infrastructure on the Economy of Jawa-Bali and Sumatera: an inter-regional social accounting matrix analysis
Abstrak: Manusia sebagai makhluk sosial memiliki keinginan memperbaiki standar hidup yang lebih layak, dan peningkatan pendapatan merupakan cara mencapai tujuan tersebut. Pengangkutan barang dan jasa yang dilakukan terutama melalui jalan memiliki peran perekonomian yang strategis sehingga disebut“driving force for economic growth”. Mengingat pentingnya infrastruktur termasuk jalan dan jembatan untuk mendukung iklim investasi di Indonesia, pemerintah dalam sistem logistik nasional menempatkan pilar infrastruktur pada urutan ke 6 dari 11 prioritas nasional pada Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu jilid II tahun 2010 sampai tahun 2014 setelah reformasi birokrasi dan tata kelola, pendidikan, kesehatan, penanggulangan kemiskinan, dan ketahanan pangan. Transport atau transportation didefinisikan sebagai pergerakan arus orang, barang maupun jasa dari suatu tempat ke tempat lain. Kata transport berasal dari bahasa Latin yaitu tran berarti across dan portare berarti to carry (membawa). Moda transportasi dapat dikelompokkan menjadi moda transportasi darat yaitu jaringan jalan dan kereta api, moda transportasi laut mencakup pelabuhan laut dan rute pelayaran serta moda transportasi udara yaitu bandara dan rute penerbangan. Tujuan penelitian adalah: (1) mengukur daya penyebaran dan sensitivitas prasarana jalan nasional terhadap sektoral dengan analisis keterkaitan ke belakang (backward linkage) dan keterkaitan ke depan (forward linkages) dalam wilayah (intra-regional) maupun antar wilayah (inter-regional) Sumatera dan Jawa-Bali; (2) melakukan analisis dampak prasarana jalan nasional terkait output dan peningkatan pendapatan rumahtangga di Sumatera dan Jawa-Bali (intra-regional) serta menganalisis dampak limpahan (spill-over effect) dari Sumatera ke Jawa-Bali dan sebaliknya (inter-regional) dengan dekomposisi multiplier; (3) melakukan simulasi terhadap prasarana jalan nasional tahun 2008 sampai tahun 2010 di Sumatera dan Jawa-Bali dengan beberapa skenario memakai data anggaran biaya sebenarnya untuk mengetahui dampak prasarana jalan terhadap output sektoral dan distribusi pendapatan rumahtangga dalam kaitannya dengan kesenjangan ekonomi; (4) menganalisis peran jalan nasional terhadap dampak serap balik (backwash effect) dan dampak sebar (spread effect) yang dikhawatirkan peneliti terdahulu dari Sumatera ke Jawa-Bali dan sebaliknya; dan (5) mengukur dampak investasi jalan nasional pada wilayah Sumatera dan Jawa-Bali terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi
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Judul: Impacts of road infrastructure development on economy and income distribution intra and interregional west - east Indonesia: an interregional social accounting matrix model analysis
Abstrak: The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of road infrastructure development on economy and income distribution in both Intra and Inter West- East Region of Indonesia. The model used is named Interregional Social Accounting Matrix West and East Region of Indonesia (IRSAM WEI). Within the IRSAM WEI framework, construction sector is disaggregated into construction of road infrastructure (includes bridge) and other constructions while urban and rural household income are disaggregated according to the World Bank into low, middle and high income. In order to meet the purposes of the research, data are analyzed descriptively and quantitatively the IRSAM multiplier. The use of Structural Path Analysis (SPA) is intended to clarify the correlation between roads and bridges infrastructure sector and household sector. The correlation between road infrastructure sector and other production sectors in West Region and East Region is determined by quantitatively analyzing the data using structural path analysis, while the impact of the policy in road infrastructure development on the interregional disparity between West Region and East Region is determined by analyzing the data quantitatively using policy simulation analysis. The results show that the development of road infrastructure provides more value added impact on West Region than on East Region The spillover effect from East Region to West Region is higher than from West Region to East Region. The road infrastructure development policy increase household income. From the Structural Path Analysis shows that the strongest multiplier effect of the policy comes from production factor of worker and capital before to household. The road infrastructure development policy may reduce inequality household income interregional, especially when it is concentrated in East Region. The disparity West-East interregional both for household income and value added may be reduced. Therefore, in order to reduce the disparity West-East Region development, the development of road infrastructure should be more focused on the East Region.
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell