Judul: Hubungan Kompetensi Pengrajin Dengan Kinerja Industri Tempe: Kasus Usaha Kecil Anggota KOPTI Kabupaten Cianjur
Abstrak: Pada saat terjadi krisis ekonomi tHUN 1997, Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) di Indonesia telah membuktikan ketangguhannya. UKM telah memberikan kontribusi yang sangat besar, dimana pada sat itu perusahaan-perusahaan berskala besar berjatuhan, yang dilanjutkan dengan pemutusan hubungan kerja.
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Judul: Penguatan hubungan kemitraan pengrajin kayu ukir dan hias: studi kasus di Desa Cipacing Kecamatan Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang
Abstrak: Usaha kecil menengah merupakan unit usaha yang dipandang potensial untuk menompang perekonomian nasional terutama pasca krisis-ekonomi. Usaha kecil dianggap telah memberikan sumbangan yang nyata dalam pertumbuhan dan pembangunan ekonomi, antara lain dalam penyediaan kesempatan untuk mendapatkan upah minimum, penciptaan lapangan kerja, serta berperan dalam penerimaan devisa nasional. Permasalahan usaha kecil baik pada tingkat mikro maupun pada tingkat makro merupakan kendala yang menghambat pertumbuhan usaha kecil. Permasalahan yang ada kian dipersulit oleh masalah struktural dalam dunia usaha yang ditunjukkan oleh adanya kesenjangan antara usaha besar yang menguasai sebagian aset produktii, sedangkan usaha kecil hanya menguasai sebagian aset produktif.
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Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua