Judul: The impact of fiscal policy in the agricultural sector of economy, labor, income distribution and poverty
Abstrak: This study aims to analyze the impact of fiscal policy on the agricultural sector, in the form of input subsidies (fertilizer and seeds) and output subsidies (food) to the economy, labor, income distribution and poverty. The methods of analysis used are the Econometrics, the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE), and Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) Methods. The data used are the Input-Output Tables in 2008, Social Accounting Matrix in 2008, National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) in 2008. Policy simulations carried out were (1) fertilizer subsidies, (2) seeds subsidies, (3) food subsidies, and (4) combination of the all simulations. The impact of fertilizer and seeds subsidies policy can encourage real GDP from the expenditure side by rising productivity in aggregate output in both the short and long term, while the increase in food subsidies can rise real GDP from the expenditure side were moved by real household consumption. Fiscal policy in the agricultural sectors was able to have a positive on output of agricultural commodities, negative impact on output prices, and positive labor absorption in the short and long term based on rural and urban area. Redistribution of income and welfare happened to all poor households. The impact on poverty incidence, poverty depth and severity of poverty shows poverty reduction contained in the short and long term on poor households, the rural areas tend to be higher than in urban areas. In terms of macro economy requires that the reduction of poverty needs economic growth, so the both can not be separated. The implications are to maintain the policy which improved can increase subsidies magnitude and optimize the implementation so more effective, improving labor market and job creation which is labor intesive in both rural and urban areas, and needs the combination of micro-macro economic policies.
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Judul: The impact of agricultural industrialization to agricutural sector performance and rural poverty in Indonesia
Abstrak: Agricultural industrialization can be aproached through supply side and demand side. From supply side, agricultu ral industrialization is interpreted through incremental productivity. This research is designed to measure the impact of productivity improvement of agricultural industry (agroindustry) on economic sector performance, macroeconomic, household income, and rural poverty. This research use a data base on Input-Output (I-O) Table and Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of Indonesi a 2003 developed by Central Bureau of Statistic. The main analysis used is recursive dynamic of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model (CGE-AGRINDO Model) while poverty case is analyzed by using Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty index. The policy simulation result shows that productivity improvement of agroindustry has strong affects on total output industry. If the productivity improvement of agroindustry is followed by productivity improvement of agriculture and financial institution, almost all sectors would increase in total output. In turn, the increase of total outp ut will result in a decrease in output selling price, on the other hand it will increase labor absorbtion. The productivity improvement affects the macroeconomic performance which indicated by real GDP improvement. This condition also affects the increasing in inflation acceleration. The productivity improvement contributes to an impact on rural and urban household’s income. The household of agricultural labor on rural area receives the biggest benefit, on the contrary the househod of nonagricultural labor at upper level on urban area receives the smallest benefit.
Keyword: CGE Model, Social Accounting Matrix, productivity improvement, financial institution, urban area

Judul: Isolasi komponen hemotoksin bisa ular kobra (Naja naja sputatrix)
Abstrak: Elisa ular adalah racun yang diproduksi oleh kelenjar bisa dan digunakan ular untuk mempertahankan dinat mencari mangsa. Bisa ini merupakan campuran dari berbagai komponen. Enzim adalah kompoth utama selain air. Enzim pada bisa ular sangat beragam jenis dan fungsinya. Fosfolipase dan arginin ipadase adalah enzim yang sering terdapat dalam bisa ular dan telah digunakan pada penanganan penyak seperti trombosis Penttian ini bertujuan mengisolasi komponen dari bisa ular kobra dan mengujinya menggunakan sel darah merah sapi 4% untuk aktivitas hemolisis dan bekuan fibrin sapi untuk aktivitas fibrinolisis. Uji aktivitas dilakukan terhadap ekstrak kasar dan fraksi kolom bisa ular. Fraksi kolom diperoleh dari pemurutan ekstrak kasar menggunakan kromatografi filtrasi gel (Sephadex G-75) untuk memperoleh fraksa paksu dengan serapan tertinggi pada A. 280 nm. Ekstrak kasar dan fraksi kolom dengan serapan tertinggi dilakukan pengukuran kandungan protein, Fraksi aktif hasil uji aktivitas selanjutnya ditentukan berat molekulnya (BM) dengan elektroforesis SDS PAGE. Basaglar kobra merupakan cairan pekat berwarna kuning dengan kadar air 71.45%. Dari hasil uji aktivitas diperoleh bisa ular hanya memiliki aktivitas hemolisis sel darah merah sapi secara langsung. Aktivitas ini ditunjukkan oleh fraksi kolom nomor 15 dan 16 tetapi tidak dalam ekstrak kasar. Penurunan konsentrasi ekstrak kasar tidak mempengaruhi terhadap adanya aktivitas hemolisis. Hal ini diduga karena mungkin terdapat inhibitor dalam ekstrak kasar bisa. Inhibitor memiliki BM yang berbeda dengan enzim hemalisis sehingga dapat dipisahkan menggunakan filtrasi gel. Berdasarkan hasil elektroforesis diperolch enzim bemolisis terdapat dalam ekstrak kasar dan tersebar pada fraksi kolom nomor 15 dan 16 dengan BM sekitar 27300 Da
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