Judul: Case Study of Fetotomy and Cesarean Section Techniques to Resolve Dystocia in Mare
Abstrak: Distokia didefinisikan sebagai persalinan yang berlangsung lama atau sulit dan bisa disebabkan oleh kelainan pada fetus atau induk. Penanganan yang cepat dan aman perlu diterapkan untuk membantu persalinan agar nyawa induk dan anak kuda terselamatkan. Tujuan studi kasus ini untuk mengetahui penyebab terjadinya distokia pada pasien rujukan seekor kuda Sandel bunting primipara serta penanganannya. Pemeriksaan per vaginal menunjukkan fetus sudah mati dalam presentasi longitudinal posterior, posisi dorsosakral dan postur unilateral hock flexion. Distokia pada kasus ini disebabkan oleh maldisposisi fetus dan disproporsi fetopelvik. Penanganan awal dilakukan dengan mutasi fetus dan fetotomi pada bagian distal dari persendian tarsus fetus, upaya penanganan tidak berhasil mengeluarkan fetus. Penanganan dilanjutkan dengan operasi caesar. Kuda diberi anestesi general dan operasi dilakukan dengan pendekatan ventral midline. Setelah fetus dan plasenta diangkat, kuda diberi terapi obat antibiotik, analgesik dan antiradang yang dilanjutkan sampai seminggu pasca operasi. Tidak ditemukan adanya komplikasi pada hari ke-7 pasca operasi caesar pada induk kuda., Dystocia is defined as labor that is prolonged or difficult and can be caused by abnormalities in the fetus or mare. Fast and safe handling needs to be applied to assist the delivery so that the lives of the mare and foal are saved. The purpose of this case study is to determine the cause of dystocia in a referral patient of a primipara pregnant Sandel horse and its treatment. Vaginal examination revealed dead fetus in posterior longitudinal presentation, dorsosacral position and unilateral hock flexion posture. The dystocia in this case is caused by fetal maldisposition and fetopelvic disproportion. Initial treatment was carried out with fetal mutation and fetotomy at the distal part of the fetal tarsus joint, this treatment did not succeed in expelling the fetus. The treatment was continued by caesarean section. The horse was given general anesthesia and the surgery was performed by using a ventral midline incision. After the fetus and placenta were removed, the horse was given antibiotic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug therapy which was continued for up to a week postoperatively. No complications were found on the 7th day after caesarean section in the mare.
Keyword: caesarean section, dystocia, fetotomy, mare

Judul: Therapy and Ultrasound Overview of Pyometra Cases
Abstrak: Pyometra merupakan endometritis yang berlangsung lama dan kronis disertai akumulasi pus. Pyometra seringkali disertai peradangan akibat infeksi mikroorganisme. Mikroorganisme yang sering ditemukan pada kasus pyometra diantaranya, bakteri gram positif, gram negatif dan fungi. Ultrasonografi merupakan salah satu alat penunjang untuk mendiagnosa pyometra. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menerangkan terapi dan gambaran ultrasound yang dilakukan pada kuda pyometra. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan studi kasus (case study). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rekam medis pasien. Terapi dilakukan sebanyak 22 tahap selama 12 bulan secara rutin dengan penjahitan vulva, pemberian anti bakterial, anti fungal, anti radang, oksitosin, PGF2a, obat herbal, flushing uterus, dan pemasangan kateter foley. Terapi pyometra pada kuda menggunakan kombinasi anti bakteri, anti fungi, anti radang, hormonal dan kateter foley dapat memperbaiki infeksi dan peradangan pada uterus dengan baik. Pyometra terjadi lagi setelah pengobatan dihentikan., Pyometra is endometritis that lasts long and chronic with accumulation of pus. Pyometra is often accompanied by inflammation due to infection with microorganisms. Microorganisms that are often found in pyometra cases include gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Ultrasonography is one of the supporting tools for diagnosing pyometra. The aim of the study was to describe the therapy and ultrasound imaging performed on pyometra mares. The research was conducted with a case study approach. The data used in this study is the patient's medical record. Therapy was carried out in 22 stages for 12 months routinely with vulvar suturing, administration of anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, oxytocin, PGF2a, herbal medicine, uterine flushing, and foley catheter placement. Pyometra therapy in mares using a combination of anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, hormonal and foley catheter can improve infection and inflammation of the uterus well. Pyometra occurs again after treatment is stopped.
Keyword: mare, pyometra, therapy, ultrasound

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell