Judul: Status Resistensi Aedes Aegypti Terhadap Insektisida Golongan Organokarmabat Dan Pola Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue Di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting di Indonesia yang ditularkan melalui vektor nyamuk. Pengendalian vektor dengan insektisida banyak digunakan dan dapat menimbulkan terjadinya masalah resistensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan status resistensi Ae. aegypti terhadap bendiokarb dan menganalisis pola kejadian DBD di Kota Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara standar WHO (1975) menggunakan susceptibility test kit dengan impregnated paper berbahan aktif bendiokarb 0,1%. Telur nyamuk Ae. aegypti diperoleh dengan menggunakan ovitrap dari 12 kelurahan di Kota Bogor. Telur-telur dipelihara sampai nyamuk generasi F2 kemudian diujikan terhadap insektisida bendiokarb. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase kematian nyamuk pada 3 isolat Ae. aegypti (Sindang Rasa, Pamoyanan, Panaragan) telah resisten terhadap bendiokarb dan 9 isolat nyamuk Ae. aegypti (Sukadamai, Harjasari, Situgede, Semplak, Sindang Sari, Ciwaringin, Kayu Manis, Ciluar, dan Kedung Halang) berstatus toleran. Hubungan antara kasus DBD dengan indeks curah hujan dari tahun 2010 sampai 2013 menunjukkan nilai r = 0.264 dan nilai P = 0.07 > 0.05. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan indeks curah hujan diikuti oleh peningkatan kasus DBD tetapi hubungan ini tidak signifikan karena hanya berpengaruh sebanyak 26,4% pada peningkatan kasus DBD di Kota Bogor.
Keyword: Aedes aegypti, bendiokarb, demam dengue, resisten, toleran

Judul: Status Kerentanan Vektor Aedes aegypti terhadap Insektisida dan Kaitannya dengan Kejadian Kasus Demam Berdarah di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Nowadays, Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever is still one of the health problems in Indonesia, especially in Bogor City. Spraying insecticides with malathion are the most common activity to control Aedes aegypti as a Dengue vector. The objective of this study was to obtain data on susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti to malathion (organophosphate), bendiocarb (carbamate) and deltamethrin (pyrethroid) in Bogor City. The research was carried out by using the method of susceptibility test (WHO 1975) which contained malathion 0,8%, bendiocarb 0,1% and deltamethrin 0,025% impragnated paper. Ae. aegypti was collected by ovitrap from 12 endemic regions in Bogor City. The eggs were hached and reared in laboratory until F2 generations, then treated by those insecticides. The result showed that based on percentage of mortality, five isolates of Ae. aegypti (i.e. Lawang Gintung, Kebon Kelapa, Kebon Pedes, Kedung Waringin, and Tegal Gundil) were resistant against malathion (organophosphate); five isolates (i.e. Katulampa, Bondongan, Tegal Lega, Menteng, and Bantarjati) were tolerant; and two isolates (i.e. Baranangsiang and Cilendek Barat) were still susceptible. Otherwise, all strains of Ae. aegypti from 12 regions in Bogor City were resistant against bendiocarb (carbamate) and deltamethrin (pyrethroid). Meanwhile the result of RR50 value showed that eight isolates (i.e. Katulampa, Bondongan, Tegal Lega, Menteng, Bantarjati, Baranangsiang dan Cilendek Barat, Kebon Kelapa) were resistant against malathion; four isolates of Ae. aegypti (i.e. Lawang Gintung, Kebon Pedes, Kedung Waringin, and Tegal Gundil) ware not resistant (RR<10). Otherwise, all strains of Ae. aegypti from 12 regions in Bogor City were resistant against bendiocarb and deltamethrin (RR>10). The susceptibility status of 12 Ae. aegypti isolates in Bogor City were also performed in distribution by map. The study on dengue cases in Bogor City showed that the high insidence of dengue was related to the high frequency of using insecticides as one of the vector control method. Beside that the dengue cases in Bogor City during the years of 2008- 2012 were also related to the climate factors such as precipitation, temperature and humidity. The result analysis of correlation between dengue cases and precipitation for 5 years showed significant values (P<0,05) on seven areas (i.e. Baranangsiang, Kebon Kelapa, Cilendek Barat, Kebon Pedes, Bantarjati, Tegal Gundil, and Kedung Waringin). However, five areas showed no significant values (P>0,05) (i.e. Katulampa, Bondongan, Tegal Lega, Menteng and Lawang Gintung). Meanwhile, the relationship of dengue cases with average temperatures for five years showed no significant values in all area of Bogor City. Futhermore, the relationship of dengue cases with average humidity during the years of 2008-2012 showed significant values (P<0,05) in five areas (i.e. Baranangsiang, Kebon Kelapa, Cilendek Barat, Kebon Pedes, and Bantarjati), while the seven areas (i.e Katulampa, Bondongan, Tegal Lega, Cilendek Barat, Kebon Pedes, Lawang Gintung and Menteng) showed no significant values (P>0,05).
Keyword: Aedes aegypti Linn, Insecticide resistance, organophosphate, Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm