Judul: Women Farmer Participation to Rice Farming Activity in Situgede Village West Bogor
Abstrak: Partisipasi wanita usia produktif pada sektor pertanian kian meningkat khususnya pada kegiatan usahatani padi. Wanita tani mengerjakan hampir seluruh kegiatan usahatani dimulai dari penanaman hingga pemasaran. Beberapa pekerjaan di sektor pertanian lebih cocok dikerjakan oleh wanita, seperti menanam bibit atau benih, menyiangi gulma, memupuk, menyiram dan memanen hasil pertanian. Pekerjaan tersebut membutuhkan ketelitian dan kesabaran yang cocok dikerjakan oleh wanita tani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengidentifikasi partisipasi wanita tani dalam kegiatan usahatani padi, (2) Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan partisipasi wanita tani, dan (3) Menganalisis kontribusi pendapatan wanita tani terhadap pendapatan rumah tangganya. Penelitian ini melibatkan satu kelompok wanita tani yang dikenal dengan nama KWT Dalima. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah analisis deskriptif untuk melihat tingkat partisipasi wanita tani dan analisis korelasi pearsons product moment untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor sosial ekonomi terhadap partisipasi wanita tani. Tujuan ketiga dianalisis dengan membandingkan pendapatan yang diterima wanita tani terhadap pendapatan total rumah tangganya, sehingga akan terlihat besar kontribusi wanita tani terhadap pendapatan rumah tangganya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, partisipasi wanita tani dalam usahatani padi berada pada kategori sedang, kemudian unfaktor internal yang berhubungan dengan partisipasi wanita tani di antaranya umur, pengalaman usahatani dan pengambilan keputusan, sedangkan faktor eksternal yang berhubungan dengan partisipasi wanita tani ialah akses penyuluhan. Artinya, beberapa hal tersebut perlu mendapat perhatian pemerintah terutama dalam hal akses penyuluhan yang berkaitan dengan intensitas penyuluhan, metode penyuluhan dan substansi penyuluhan. Kontribusi wanita tani terhadap pendapatan rumah tangganya ialah sebesar 24%. Jumlah ini masih termasuk dalam kategori rendah, namun masih lebih besar dibandingkan kontribusi wanita tani di negara berkembang lainnya seperti India. Hal ini mengindikasikan, peran kelompok wanita tani cukup berperan penting dalam peningkatan pendapatan wanita tani., Participation of women in the agricultural sector has increased in the last two years. This is caused by the population growth and household economy. Women's participation in the agricultural sector involved in almost all farming activities from planting to marketing. Some activities in agricultural sector such as seeding, weeding, fertilizing, watering and harvesting are more suitable to be done by women. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the participation of women farmer, the factors relate to the participation of women farmer and to analyze the contribution of women farmer to household income. The study included one group of women farmers. Data used in this research were primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by interviewing respondents using a questionnaire while secondary data was conducted using a literature review and from various related institutional sources. Data were processed using the pearson product moment correlation analysis to analyze the internal and external factors affecting women farmers' participation. The contribution of women farmers to household income measured by comparing the income received by women farmers with the income that their husbands and children received. The result showed that internal factors related to women's farmer participation were age, farm experience, and decision making, and the external factor related to the participation of women farmers were access to counseling. It means some of these things
Keyword: household, participation, women farmers contribution

Judul: The Relation of Participation Level with the Member of Woman Farmers Group Self-reliance (Case: Karacak and Barengkok Village, Leuwiliang Sub-district, Bogor District)
Abstrak: Kelompok Wanita Tani merupakan salah satu wadah pembangunan pertanian yang disediakan oleh pemerintah agar perempuan desa dapat berhimpun, berusaha, dan bekerja sama untuk melakukan produksi dan inovasi produk hasil pertanian yang ada menjadi produk yang lebih bernilai jual. Upaya tersebut merupakan suatu pemberdayaan melalui kelompok agar terwujud kemandirian masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor internal dan eksternal dengan tingkat partisipasi serta hubungan tingkat partisipasi dengan tingkat kemandirian. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung oleh data kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode sensus sebanyak 50 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat partisipasi anggota kelompok wanita tani tergolong tinggi pada tahap partisipasi yaitu tahap pelaksanaan dan menikmati hasil, kecuali pada tahap perencanaan dan evaluasi tergolong tinggi cenderung sedang. Tingkat kemandirian anggota kelompok wanita tani pada setiap aspek kemandirian cenderung tergolong tinggi. faktor internal pada indikator lama menjadi anggota berhubungan nyata dengan partisipasi, kemudian faktor eksternal berhubungan nyata dan dengan partisipasi pada indikator dukungan tokoh masyarakat dan tingkat ketersediaan fasilitas. Adapun tingkat partisipasi tidak berhubungan nyata dengan tingkat kemandirian anggota kelompok wanita tani. Kata Kunci: Kelompok Wanita tani, Kemandirian, Partisipasi, The Women Farmers Group is one of the agricultural development platforms provided by the government that women can gather, attempted, and work together to produce and innovate agricultural products into valuable product. This effort is an empowerment through groups in order to manifest community independence. This study aims to analyze the relationship between internal and external factors with the level of participation and the relationship between the level of participation and the level of independence. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data with a sampling technique using the census method as many as 50 respondents. The results showed that the participation level of members of the women farmer group is relatively high at the participation stage, that is the implementation stage and enjoy the results stage, except at the planning and evaluation stage is relatively high tend to be moderate. Self-reliance level of members of women farmer group in every aspect of self-reliance tend to be relatively high. Internal factors of the old indicator of being a member had a significant relationship with participation, then the external factors had a significant relationship with participation of support for community leaders indicator and the level of facility availability. The level of participation is not significant related to the level of independence of the women farmer group members. Keywords: Participation, Self-reliance, Women Farmer Group
Keyword: Participation, Self-reliance, Women Farmer Group

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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