Judul: Potensi Hijauan Pakan Pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.)  Berdasarkan Perbedaan Umur Pada Musim Penghujan
Abstrak: Perkebunan sawit memiliki potensi yang sangat besar untuk pengembangan peternakan ruminansia dengan sistem integrasi. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji potensi dan produktivitas hijauan pakan serta karakteristiknya di perkebunan kelapa sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) berdasarkan perbedaan umur sawit pada musim penghujan. Metode penelitian deskriptif purposive sampling dengan 3 ulangan dan observasi lapang terhadap hijauan yang tumbuh naungan sawit. Hasil produksi hijauan dan kapasitas tampung tertinggi hingga terendah yaitu lahan sawit umur 3 tahun, 15 tahun dan 9 tahun. Vegetasi yang ditemukan disemua umur lahan sawit didominasi oleh Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Simpulan Perbedaan umur sawit pada musim penghujan berpengaruh terhadap keragaman dan produktivitas hijauan. Tingkat produktivitas dari tinggi ke rendah berturut-turut antara lain perkebunan sawit umur 3 tahun, 15 tahun dan 9 tahun dengan nilai kapasitas tampung masingmasing 1,44 ST ha-1, 1,41 ST ha-1 dan 0,59 ST ha-1. Terdapat 21 jenis vegetasi dibawah perkebunan sawit dengan keragaman jenis rendah nemun memiliki kemeratan yang tinggi., Oil palm plantations have enormous potential for the development of human rum farmswith integration systems. Research aims to examine the potential and productivity of forage feed and its characteristics in oil palm plantations (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) based on the difference in the age of palm oil in the rainy season. Metode descriptive research purposive sampling with 3 repeats and airy observations of forages that grow palm shade. Forage production and the highest to lowest capacity are oil palm land aged 3 years, 15 years and 9 years. Vegetation found in all ages of oil palm land is dominated by Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. The difference in the age of palm oil in the rainy season affects the diversity and productivity of forage. Productivity levels from high to low respectively include oil palm plantations aged 3 years, 15 years and 9 years with a capacity value of 1.44 STha-1, 1.41 ST ha-1 and 0.59 STha-1 respectively. There are 21 types of vegetation under oil palm plantations with low species diversity and have a high ability.
Keyword: hijauan pakan ternak, musim penghujan, perkebunan sawit, forage of animal feed, oil palm plantations, rainy season

Judul: Review of Forage Potential Under The Shade of Oil Palm Plantations
Abstrak: Perkebunan kelapa sawit berpotensi sebagai penghasil hijauan pakan bagi ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi perkebunan kelapa sawit sebagai penghasil hijauan pakan dan mengidentifikasi hijauan yang ditemukan di bawah naungan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan mengumpulkan berbagai artikel penelitian dari berbagai sumber seperti Google Scholar dan Research Gate tentang hijauan yang tumbuh di bawah naungan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Hasil penelitian telah ditemukan 184 jenis hijauan yang berbeda di bawah naungan perkebunan kelapa sawit dari 23 artikel penelitian. Hijauan yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott dengan INP 5,46, sedangkan hijauan dengan nilai INP paling tinggi adalah Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC. dengan INP 24,73. Simpulan dari penelitian ini, yaitu hijauan yang tumbuh di bawah naungan perkebunan kelapa sawit sangat bervariasi. Hijauan yang tumbuh dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan dan umur kelapa sawit yang kemudian akan memengaruhi tingkat naungan. Terdapat 16 jenis vegetasi yang paling banyak ditemukan dari 184 jenis vegetasi yang ditemukan di bawah naungan perkebunan kelapa sawit., Oil palm plantations have the potential to produce forage for livestock. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of oil palm plantations as a producer of forage and to identify the forages that have been found under the shade of oil palm plantations. This research used the literature review method by collecting various research articles from various sources such as Google Scholar and Research Gate about forages that grow under the shade of oil palm plantations. The research results have found 184 different types of forage under the auspices of oil palm plantations from 23 research articles. The most commonly found forage was Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott with an INP of 5.46, while the forage with the highest INP was Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC. with an INP 24.73. The conclusions from this research are the forage that grows under the shade of oil palm plantations varies greatly. The growth of the forage is influenced by environmental conditions and the age of the oil palm, which will influence the level of shade. There are 16 types of vegetation that are most commonly found out of the 184 types of vegetation found under the shade of oil palm plantations.
Keyword: forage, literature review, oil palm plantations

Judul: Grup dan Homomorfisma Grup pada Rubik Revenge
Abstrak: Rubik cube is a kind of puzzle game. A player must arrange rubik sides, which have been disordered, back to the position where every side has the same colour. This paper does not focus on the settlement solution, but instead on proving the existence of a group homomorphism between rubik movement group and S96 symmetric permutation group in rubik revenge. Firstly, it has been proved that rubik movement set is a group. Then, it also has been proved that the M set, which contains numeric labels of 1 until 96 in cubinos sides, is S96 symmetric permutation group.
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