Judul: Integrasi Spasial dan Vertikal Pasar Jagung di Indonesia
Abstrak: Maize plays a vital role as raw material for animal feed, especially poultry, and is an essential commodity in Indonesia. Maize production and consumption centers are spread across several provinces in Indonesia. In addition, differences in harvest seasons result in disparities in supply and demand, leading to inter provincial trade and price transmission. However, a significant price disparity between one province and another indicates that price transmission has not gone well, and the market has not been integrated yet. An understanding of market integration can describe market performance that leads to market efficiency. In addition, the relationship between maize and poultry feed shows a reciprocal relationship possibility. This study aims to analyze the spasial integration of the maize market in Indonesia and the vertical integration between maize at the producer level, maize at the wholesale level, and animal feed. Spasial integration uses monthly data on maize prices for ten years from January 2010 to December 2019 in 13 selected provinces, while vertical integration uses monthly data on maize prices at the producer level, maize prices at the wholesale level, and animal feed prices in Indonesia from January 2017 to October 2020. Data were obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BPS) and internal data from one of Indonesia's major animal feed companies. The secondary data were then analyzed using the Johansen cointegration test, error correction model (ECM), and Granger causality test. The study results prove that there is no full spatial integration of the maize market in Indonesia, but only partially integrated. This illustrates that the maize market in Indonesia is still not efficient, so the existing maize trade policies must be directed to increase marketing efficiency. Banten province has the most influence on prices, showing that the demand side more affects maize prices. The vertical integration analysis proves that the price of feed is influenced by the price of maize, both at the producer and wholesaler levels. The results of this study also confirm that the price level of maize affects the development of the animal feed and livestock industry in Indonesia, so the policies applied to the production and trade of corn will also affect the feed and livestock industry in Indonesia.
Keyword: error correction model, market integration, maize kernel, poultry feed

Judul: Analysis of Rice Market Integration in Indonesia.
Abstrak: Beras merupakan komoditas pangan strategis dan termasuk barang inelastis yang memiliki permintaan tinggi di sepanjang tahun. Namun produksi yang bergantung pada musim tanam mengakibatkan harga komoditas beras menjadi tidak stabil sehingga terjadi selisih harga yang besar antara harga di tingkat petani produsen dan harga di tingkat konsumen akhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pergerakan harga gabah-beras dan menganalisis integrasi pada pasar beras Indonesia. Analisis integrasi dilakukan dengan Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa harga gabah lebih fluktuatif dibandingkan dengan harga beras eceran maupun beras grosir dan kebijakan pemerintah mengatur harga beras efektif menstabilkan harga gabah bulanan. Hasil analisis VECM menunjukkan bahwa antara pasar produsen dan pasar grosir tidak terjadi integrasi jangka panjang dan terintegrasi dalam jangka pendek. Antara pasar produsen dan pasar eceran tidak terintegrasi dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Antara pasar grosir dan pasar konsumen terintegrasi baik dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek., Rice is a strategic food commodity and an inelastic goods that have high demand throughout the year. However, rice production that depends on the growing season causes the price of rice to become unstable, resulting in a large price difference between the farmers price and the consumer price. This study aims to determine the pattern of grain-rice price movements and analyze the integration that occurs in Indonesian rice markets. Integration analysis was analyzed using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The analysis showed that grain price was more volatile than the retail and wholesale rice prices and the government's policy to regulate rice prices is effective in stabilizing monthly grain prices. The analysis result showed that the market integration in producers markets and wholesale market are not integrated in the long-term, but they are integrated in the short-term. There no integration between the producers and consumers in long or short-term. The wholesale markets and retail markets are integrated well in the long-term and short-term.
Keyword: rice price, market integration, VECM

Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Lithium Niobat (LiNbO3) Menggunakan Metode Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) dengan Variasi Kecepatan Putar (Rpm).
Abstrak: Film tipis merupakan salah satu aspek yang mendapat perhatian sangat besar dalam bidang material, karena film tipis merupakan material menarik yang memiliki sifat optik yang sangat tergantung pada konstanta dielektrik, indeks bias, dan energi gap. Lithium Niobat (LiNbO3 ) dapat digunakan sebagai pelapis pada film tipis karena memiliki sifat piezoelektrik, electrooptical, pyroelectrical dan photorefractive yang sangat baik. Film tipis Lithium Niobat (LiNbO3 ) ditumbuhkan menggunakan metode Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) dengan variasi kecepatan 3500 rpm, 5000 rpm, 6500 rpm, dan 8000 rpm. Metode ini memiliki keunggulan dapat mengontrol stokiometri film tipis dengan kualitas yang baik, prosedur yang mudah dan membutukan biaya yang relatif murah. Energi band gap yang dihasilkan dari film tipis Lithium Niobat (LiNbO3) berkisar antara rentang 2.1 eV – 2.8 eV dengan indeks bias berada pada rentang 2.18-3.2. Film tipis LiNbO3 memiliki parameter kisi a=b=5.54Ǻ dan c = 16.35 Ǻ. Struktur morfologi film tipis adalah permukaan yang homogen dan ukuran kristal berada pada rentang 0.417 μm – 0.680 μm.
Keyword: film tipis, sifat optik, litium niobat, chemical solution deposition, kecepatan putar