Judul: Profil Fermentasi Rumen Sapi Pejantan Feedlot Dengan Administrasi Sikat Stimulator Mekanis Rumen (Rumenfibe ®).
Abstrak: Pakan konsentrat sangat berperan dalam keberhasilan industri peternakan sapi pedaging. Penggunaannya bisa mencapai 90% bahkan lebih dari total konsumsi ransum sapi pedaging. Walaupun pakan konsentrat mampu meningkatkan performa sapi pedaging dalam pemeliharan jangka pendek, dalam aplikasinya justru berpotensi menyebabkan “metabolic-disorder” seperti asidosis. Asidosis terjadi bila produksi VFA dan asam laktat lebih tinggi dari kapasitas absorpsinya dan kemampuannya menuju jalur gastro-instentinal. Stimulan Mekanis Rumen (RMS) dengan administrasi sikat Rumenfibe® merupakan suatu teknologi yang mampu menurunkan resiko tersebut seperti asidosis walaupun hasilnya masih bervariasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh RMS (“RUMENFIBE®” atau RF) terhadap performa, profil fermentasi rumen and perkiraan nilai ekonomis pemanfaatan RMS terhadap sapi pedaging feedlot. Percobaan telah dilakukan di Indonesia terhadap dua puluh ekor sapi pejantan muda feedlot ( bobot badan 267+4 kg) yang diacak ke dalam empat kandang. Sapi perlakuan diberi proporsi konsentrat tinggi, sesuai dengan manajemen perusahaan PT. Mitra Catur Taruma. Sepuluh ekor sapi di administrasi tiga buah RMS Rumenfibe® ke dalam rumen menjadi perlakuan dan dikandangkan dalam dua buah pen sedangkan sepuluh ekor lainnya tidak diadministrasi sebagai kontrol. Parameter performa seperti rataan konsumsi nutrien, pertambahan bobot badan dan income over feed cost (IOFC), serta profil rumen seperti pH, potensi redoks (ΔEH), kandungan ammonia, kandungan asam laktat, total VFA dan VFA parsial (asetat, propionat dan butirat), produksi methan dan potensi penyembuhan hidrogen dalam cairan rumen kemudian diamati. Administrasi RMS dengan sikat Rumenfibe memberikan pengaruh yang sama terhadap perlakuan (RF) dan kontrol seperti pertambahan bobot badan dan rataan konsumsi nutrien, namun perlakuan RF memiliki nilai IOFC yang lebih rendah (P< 0.05). Sapi yang diadministrasi dan tidak diadministrasi RMS dengan sikat Rumenfibe juga memberikan pengaruh yang sama terhadap pH, potensi redoks, kandungan ammonia, kandungan asam laktat, dan asam propionat. Sedangkan asam asetat, butirat, prediksi methan, prediksi produksi dan pemanfaatan hidrogen dalam cairan rumen (P<0,05) pada perlakuan RF lebih baik daripada kontrol. Sapi yang diadministrasi sikat RMS (Rumenfibe®) tidak memberikan dampak yang buruk bagi performa dan fermentasi rumen, tetapi justru mampu meningkatkan fermentasi rumen.
Keyword: profil fermentasi rumen, rumenfibe, stimulan mekanis rumen, sapi feedlot

Judul: Pengaruh Keseimbangan RDP/RUP dan Suplementasi Mineral  Sulfur dalam Ransum Sapi Perah Secara In Vitro
Abstrak: Rasio Rumen Degradable Protein (RDP) dan Rumen Undegradable Protein (RUP) yang ideal diperlukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas sapi perah. Mineral dibutuhkan dalam jumlah yang relatif sedikit namun memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam pakan ternak, salah satunya adalah mineral sulfur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui rasio RDP/RUP dan suplementasi sulfur dalam ransum sapi perah terhadap fermentabilitas dan kecernaan ransum menggunakan metode in vitro. Cairan rumen yang digunakan diperoleh dari fistula rumen Friesian Holstein (FH). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok 4×3 pola Faktorial terdiri atas faktor pertama adalah rasio RDP/RUP (60:40, 55:45, 50:50, 45:55), yang kedua adalah faktor suplementasi sulfur ( 0%; 0,1%; 0,2%). Data dianalisis dengan analisis varians (ANOVA) dan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio RDP/RUP dan suplementasi mineral sulfur dengan kadar yang berbeda dapat mempengaruhi kecernaan nutrien, konsentrasi VFA total, konsentrasi amonia, populasi bakteri dan protozoa. Namun dari data yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa rasio RDP/RUP 60:40 dengan level sulfur 0,2% menghasilkan fermentabilitas ransum tertinggi., An ideal ratio of Rumen Degradable Protein (RDP) and Rumen Undegradable Protein (RUP) is required to increase the productivity of dairy cattle. Minerals are needed in relatively small amounts but play an essential role in animal feed, one of which is sulfur minerals. The study aimed to determine RDP to RUP ratio together with sulfur supplementation in dairy cattle rations on fermentability and digestibility of the rations using in vitro method. The rumen fluid was obtained from ruminal fistula Friesian Holstein (FH). The experimental design used was a 4×3 Factorial Randomized Block Design consisting of the first factor was the RDP to RUP ratio (60:40, 55:45, 50:50, 45:55), the second was a factor the sulfur supplementation (0%; 0.1%; 0.2%). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test. The results showed that different levels of the RDP/RUP ratio and sulfur mineral supplementation affected nutrient digestibility, total VFA concentration, ammonia concentrations, and bacterial and protozoa populations. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the ratio RDP/RUP 60:40 with sulfur level 0.2% resulted in the highest diet utilization efficiency.
Keyword: in vitro, rumen degradable protein, sulfur

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite