Judul: Ekstraksi Propolis dan Sintesis Nanopropolis Lebah Madu Trigona spp
Abstrak: Propolis is a resin adhesive material collected from worker bees from the buds, bark, and other plant parts. Propolis have many benefits are as antibacterial, aniviral, and anticancer. The purpose of this study is to search method of extraction and nanopropolis synthesis that will produce the high effectiveness, knowing antibacterial activity and knowing value of optimization nanopropolis as antibacterial against E. coli . Propolis extracted uses the method maceration with modification MAE (microwave-assisted extraction). Futhermore synthesis of nanopropolis use Aimi methode modified by high speed homogenization, hopefully nanopropolis more effective than propolis as antibacterial. The yield of propolis extract is 10.93%. The values of PSA from nanopropolis are 176.30 nm, 205.10 nm, and 295.80 nm. Result activity antibacterial nanopropolis with disc diffusion methode againts E. coli indicated nanopropolis does not have antibacterial, because nanopropolis does not produce cleare zones in disc paper area. The result from ampicilin is does not have antibacterial againts E. coli.
Keyword: antibacterial, nanopropolis, propolis.

Judul: Potensi nanopropolis lebah madu trigona spp asal pandeglang sebagai antibakteri
Abstrak: Propolis is one of the natural produced by honey bee which have many benefits, due to its properties as antibacterial, antivirus, and anticancer. Use the form nanopropolis expected to provide a better antibacterial activity compared to the usual form of propolis. The aim of this study is to determine potency of nanopropolis honey bee from Pandeglang as antibacterial agent. Encapsulated nanopropolis was prepared by high speed homogenization technique and solvent evaporation. The size of nanopropolis was measured with SEM. The antibacterial activity test was performed by agar well diffusion. The result of SEM show that size of nanopropolis is 175-873 nm. Nanopropolis have activity as antibacterial agent for Gram positive dan Gram negative bacteria. The nanopropolis showed higher bacterial activity than extract propolis were 208.86% for B. subtilis, 211.83% for S. aureus, 227.01% for E. coli, and 230.29% for Salmonella sp. While compared to amphicillin 10 mg/ml equel to 43.87%, 49.12%, 42.35%, and 37.58%. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrartion (MIC) of nanopropolis were 0.15%, 0.075%, 0.15%, and 0.313% for B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella sp.
Keyword: 

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular