Judul: Pengembangan Model Penduga Hujan Bulanan Menggunakan Data Satelit TRMM pada Tiga Pola Hujan di Indonesia
Abstrak: Rainfall is one of the atmosphere parameters which is quite difficult to predict because of its very high variability on space and time. The recent development of rainfall observation technology nowadays is using rainfall satellite. This satellite has near real time rainfall monitoring, wide coverage and fast access. In this study, climatological analysis of rainfall pattern, statistical analysis to evaluate and validate TRMM data using selected ground stations and TRMM data, development of correction factor for TRMM data and monthly rainfall prediction using ARIMA model, have been done in three regions with different rainfall pattern. Those areas are monsoonal pattern in Lampung, East Java and Kalimantan Selatan; equatorial pattern in North Sumatera and West Kalimantan; and local pattern in Maluku. The validation analysis showed very high correlation with the gauge data for monsoonal pattern area (>0.80), high correlation for equatorial (>0.60) and local pattern area (>0.75). Each pattern area has a correction equation. In general, the error of corrected TRMM data decreased for monsoonal, equatorial and local pattern. The model of monthly rainfall prediction has been developed for corrected TRMM data with 95% level significance. The verification of model showed high coefficient correlation (r) in local pattern and monsoonal pattern, but lower on equatorial pattern.
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Judul: Evaluasi Curah Hujan GSMaP dan TRMM TMPA dengan Curah Hujan Permukaan Wilayah Jakarta – Bogor
Abstrak: Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TRMM TMPA) are global measured precipitation projects using satellite combination (blended) technique of infrared sensor and microwave sensor. This research having purpose to evaluate GSMaP and TRMM data with Surface rainfall data in various topographies (beach, level-land, mountainous region, and The whole area) and temporal variation (daily, 10days, and monthly) in Jakarta-Bogor area. The evaluation is done using visual and statistical comparison method (correlation coefficient, MAE, RMSE, and Mann-Whitney Test). The evaluation result of daily and 10days of GSMaP in all area studies showing a pattern didn’t follow the Surface rainfall (r<0.20), while TRMM daily rainfall data in beach area and The whole having r>0.60 and the Mann-Whitney test shows TRMM doesn’t have significant difference with surface rainfall data. 10days TRMM rainfall in all region, except mountainous region, shows TRMM rainfall can follow surface rainfall pattern (r>0.77). Monthly GSMaP data comparison to surface rainfall showing correlation more than 0.60 on beach and land area can be applied, by using correction equation, because GSMaP rainfall data always lower than surface data. The monthly TRMM rainfall data can be applied in all studies area because the pattern is suitable to surface rainfall data (maximum correlation is 0.98). Error identification shows that there is warm rain and high variation on land surface emission especially in mountainous area causing either GSMaP and TRMM cannot follow the surface rainfall data. GSMaP correction equation in beach region, shows the parameter that affect error are surface temperature and specific humidity in 850mb, while at region II, III, and The Whole there is no local parameter which has influence. TRMM correction equation in region III(mountainous area), shows local parameter which has an influence to accurate of this TRMM is surface pressure, wind 850mb, interaction of meridional wind and surface slope, air temperature 850mb, soil humidity in 10-200cm, and skin temperature.
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Judul: Acute Oral Toxicity Lethal
Dose 50 (LD50) of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Infusion in DDY Strain
Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in herbal remedies such as cayenne pepper which is known for its versatility beyond its culinary use. Cayenne pepper’s phytochemicals, including capsaicinoids, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals, offer antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiinflammatory properties, making it a valuable ingredient in various fields such as veterinary medicine, agro-food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. However, concerns regarding the potential risks of cayenne pepper consumption as herbal medicine arise. This study aims to determine the acute oral toxicity lethal dose 50 (LD50) of cayenne pepper infusion in female DDY strain mice and its effects on the mice's organs. The research involved 20 DDY strain female mice divided into 4 groups which are control group (administered with distilled water) and treatment groups that are given cayenne pepper infusion at doses of 5, 10, and 15 g/kg BW orally. The observed variables included mortality, clinical symptoms, physiological responses, and organ weight. Acute toxicity testing indicated that the cayenne pepper infusion falls into the category of practically non toxic formulations. Administration of the cayenne pepper infusion up to a dose of 15 g/kg BW did not induce toxicity symptoms, such as clinically pathological symptoms, macro anatomical organ changes, or mortality nor affect both weight gain and loss.
Keyword: cayenne pepper, infusion, acute oral toxicity, DDY strain mice, herbal medicine