Judul: Teknik Penangkaran dan Perilaku Harian Jalak Putih di Mega Bird and Orchid Farm Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Mega Bird and Orchid farm (MBOF) has succesfully bred Black Winged Starling. The purpose of this research were to identify the captivity technique applied by MBOF and describe the Black Winged Starling‟s behaviours. This research was done from 12th of September to 30th of November 2013. The observation was carried out on a pair of Black Winged Starling. The result showed that the captivity technique in MBOF which include caging, food provisioning, health keeping and reproduction aspect are managed carefully. The practice had resulted 71,4% of parental breeding rate, 83,4% of egg hatching rate and 17,3% of dead chicks rate. The behaviors that had been identified were investigative behaviour, chirping, feeding, preening, resting, moving, bathing, dancing and defecating. Rest and bath performed along with rising temperature, flying avoid was done as response due to care activity. The birds were not stressed out due to care activity although temperature and humidity change.
Keyword: daily behaviours., captivity technique, black winged starling

Judul: Teknik penangkaran dan aktivitas harian jalak bali (Leucopsar rotschildii Stresemann 1922) di penangkaran UD Anugrah Kediri Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Bali starling (Leucopsar rotschildii Stresemann 1922) is a popular species among people. Population of bali starling in the natural habitat had decreased due of hunting activities. It is necessary to the preservation through captive breeding. One important aspect is knowing bali starling activities, knowing activities from bali starling can monitoring health, diet and breeding. This research was aimed to study captivie breeding techniques, identify measures of success and observe the daily activities of the bali starling. The research was conducted in UD Anugrah located in Kediri East Java on June-July 2012. Instrument used include digital camera, stationery, tally sheet, interview guide, stopwatch, dry and wet thermometer and object of the research was bali starling and manager from UD Anugrah. The data of captive breeding techniques was analyzed descriptive, measures of success from UD Anugrah and daily activities were quantitative analysis. The kind of cage in UD Anugrah consisted of display cage, reproduction cage, solitary cage and incubator. Facilities provided in the cage were among other perch place and places to eat and drink. The cage was regularly cleaned once a day and sprayed with disinfectant once a month. Types of disease that had bali starling in UD Anugrah was diarrhea. Activity of captive breeding from UD Anugrah can be categorized success were reproduction level high (65%), moderate egg hatching rate (50%) and low mortality (25%). Socially also declared a success by involving the local community as a keeper and feed providers. There are 19 activities performed by bali starling in UD Anugrah. Type of activity that can be used to distinguish the sex of bali starling was nesting activity performed by female individual.
Keyword: 

Judul: Monotonicity Properties of Trapezoid Sum Sequence on Class of Nonconvex and Nonconcave Function
Abstrak: Bernhard Riemann mendefinisikan integral tentu sebagai luas daerah di bawah kurva dari suatu fungsi real taknegatif pada sebuah interval yang tertutup dan terbatas. Beberapa alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk menghampiri luas tersebut adalah Darboux sums melalui penjumlahan beberapa luas persegi panjang dan trapezoid sum melalui penjumlahan luas trapesium. Trapezoid sum lebih baik dalam menghampiri nilai integral untuk fungsi-fungsi yang well-behaved daripada Darboux sums. Untuk fungsi f yang bernilai real dan kontinu pada interval [a,b], f terintegral Riemann jika dan hanya jika f terintegral Darboux. Pada tesis ini ditunjukkan bahwa f terintegral Riemann jika dan hanya jika f terintegral secara trapesium. Misalkan f adalah suatu fungsi bernilai real yang kontinu pada interval [a,b]. Untuk setiap partisi P_n yang membagi [a,b] menjadi n subinterval dengan jarak yang sama, dibentuk trapezoid sum T_n (f) yang merupakan jumlah luas n trapesium sebagai pendekatan dari nilai integral f pada [a,b]. Jika f adalah fungsi konveks maka barisan trapezoid sum {T_n (f)} bersifat monoton turun dan akan bersifat monoton naik jika f fungsi konkaf. Fokus tesis ini adalah sifat kemonotonan barisan {T_n (f)} untuk fungsi f yang nonkonkaf dan fungsi f yang nonkonveks. Pada tesis ini dibuktikan sifat monoton turun dari {T_n (f)} secara generik tidak terjadi pada kelas fungsi nonkonkaf f, serta secara generik, barisan itu juga tidak monoton naik pada kelas fungsi nonkonveks. Meskipun demikian, sifat generik mengakibatkan bahwa untuk sebarang fungsi f baik di kelas fungsi nonkonkaf maupun nonkonveks, terdapat fungsi g yang menghampiri f sedemikian sehingga ekor barisan {T_n (g)} bersifat monoton. Ditunjukkan pula bahwa himpunan fungsi naik nonkonkaf dengan {T_n (f)} yang tidak monoton turun dense terhadap kelas fungsi naik nonkonkaf f. Hal tersebut juga ditunjukkan untuk himpunan fungsi turun nonkonkaf terhadap kelas fungsi turun nonkonkaf. Lalu, dibuktikan bahwa himpunan fungsi naik nonkonveks dan himpunan fungsi turun nonkonveks dengan {T_n (f)} yang tidak monoton naik, berturut-turut dense terhadap kelas fungsi naik nonkonveks dan turun nonkonveks. Himpunan-himpunan yang dense tersebut mengartikan bahwa setiap fungsi f pada kelas-kelas tersebut, dapat dihampiri oleh suatu fungsi g yang bersesuaian dengan kelas-kelas tersebut sedemikiam sehingga barisan {T_n (g)} tidak monoton., Bernhard Riemann defined definite integral as an area under the curve of a real nonnegative function on a closed bounded interval. The alternatives that can be used to estimate the area are Darboux sum which is sum of rectangular areas and trapezoid sum which is sum of trapezium areas. Trapezoid sum is better than Darboux sum as approximations toward the integral of well-behaved functions. Let f be a real valued continuous function on interval [a,b], f is Riemann integrable if and only if it is Darboux integrable. In this master’s thesis, it showed that f is Riemann integrable if and only if it is trapezium integrable. Let f be a real valued continuous function on interval [a,b]. For each partition P_n that divides the interval [a,b] into n equal length subintervals, defined trapezoid sum T_n (f) which is the total of n trapezium areas as an approach of integral value f on [a,b]. If f is a convex function then the trapezoid sum sequence {T_n (f)} is decreasing
Keyword: monotonicity, nonconcave, nonconvex, trapezoid sum