Judul: Modification and  Performance Test of The Wick Stove Fueled by Waste Cooking Oil
Abstrak: Penggunaan minyak jelantah sebagai bahan bakar kompor sumbu merupakan salah satu solusi pemanfaatan limbah minyak jelantah. Minyak jelantah memiliki viskositas tinggi sehingga minyak sulit naik pada sumbu kompor. Hasil uji pendahuluan menunjukkan kinerja awal kompor rendah dengan efisiensi 16%. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan efisiensi energi dari kompor sumbu minyak jelantah dengan cara memodifikasi bahan sumbu dan sistem inlet udara serta melakukan uji kinerja kompor yang telah dimodifikasi tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah uji kapilaritas sumbu, penyesuaian luas inlet udara berdasarkan perhitungan kebutuhan udara pembakaran, dan water boiling test. Bahan sumbu yang sesuai karakteristik minyak jelantah adalah benang katun dengan nilai kapilaritas 1.06 g/menit. Diameter lubang inlet udara diperbesar dari 1 mm menjadi 3 mm dan 5 mm. Kinerja kompor terbaik ditunjukkan oleh kompor dengan modifikasi sumbu saja, dimana efisiensi sistem meningkat dari 16% menjadi 26%, laju pembakaran meningkat dari 0.35 kg/jam menjadi 0.42 kg/jam, dan efisiensi kompor meningkat dari 24% menjadi 40%. Kinerja kompor dengan penerapan modifikasi sumbu dan inlet udara berhasil meningkatkan efisiensi sistem menjadi 22% dibandingkan sebelum modifikasi, dengan laju pembakaran 0.40 kg/jam, dan efisiensi kompor 38%. Tetapi kinerja ini lebih rendah dibanding penerapan modifikasi sumbu saja, karena penambahan luas inlet udara tidak diiringi peningkatan kontak udara dengan bahan bakar.
Keyword: modify, waste cooking oil, wick stove

Judul: Modifikasi dan Unjuk Kerja Kompor Sumbu Tunggal Berbahan Bakar Minyak Bintaro
Abstrak: Bintaro (Cerbera odollam gaertn) has oil content 46-64% and it is potential as a biofuel feedstock. Bintaro oil, like other bio oil, has high viscosity. Due to it, the capillarity of oil on the wick is very low. This will affect to the combustion. The objectives of this study were to analyze the properties of Bintaro oil and to examine the use of Bintaro oil as fuel for a single wick stove. In this study, sample of Bintaro oil was processed from Bintaro fruits collected around Bogor. Sample of single wick stove which was familiar stove used by household in Bogor area, was modified mainly at part of flame holder at the height of 5, 6, 7, 8 and 11 cm. The caracteristic of combustion was investigated from the flames temperature and contour at different height of flame holder. The result showed that heat loss rate values for Bintaro oil were 76.6 W, 88.5 W, 100.7 W, 111.1 W and 142.8 W for the height flame holder of 5, 6, 7, 8 and 11 cm. The flame temperature based on the heat loses were 443.97, 476.75, 451.95, 450.5 and 454.77°C, respectively. For kerosene, the heat loss and flame temperature were 245.6 W and 730.77 °C for the height flame holder of 11 cm. The boiling test resulted that for kerosene with flame holder of 11 cm ,the water boiled at temperature of 100°C for 26 minutes. The average temperature was 637 °C and the power was 1.318 W. For Bintaro oil with the height of flame holder of 6 cm, resulted the flame temperature of 482°C, the heat loss of 1.092 W, and the water boiled of 45 minutes.
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Judul: Categorization in Macaca fascicularis.
Abstrak: Categorization is an ability to group individuals or events into different classes mediated by conceptualized mental images. There are several levels of categorization and within a taxonomy the levels are nested. At the most concrete level of categorization, all or most members of the category shared common physical attributes that differ from other categories. The higher the level of category, the fewer common attributes between members of the group. In addition to humans, the ability to categorize has also been proposed in animals. One example of categorization in animal is species discrimination. Using matching-tosample task, present experiment tested ability of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in discriminating dichotomous-stimuli of different animals. The species has been shown to be able to see photos as representations of real object so I used facial photos of humans and animals for the stimuli. First, I tested their ability to classify humans and macaques into separate group. Second, I tested their ability to discriminate their conspecific from other macaques. And the last, I tested whether the subjects were able to discriminate non-human animals from humans. In all of these experiments I found that the subjects showed high performance in categorizing objects, even when I discarded details of visual informations, such as color and local shapes. The ability to identify objects with reduced representation of physical properties means the subjects were able to generalize attributes of members of the group. This would indicate that the subjects created a higher level abstraction. On the other hand, in discriminating intrageneric macaque species I found that they were able to extract uniqueness of each species. More over, I also found that the subjects were able to put photos of non-human animals that shared very few similarities in physical percepts into one group. I suggested that the subjects could create a more abstract concept based on non-percepts relations as a basis to put the objects into one category. Thus, I concluded that M. fascicularis were able to perform multiple levels of categorizations.
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