Judul: Reproductive Pattern and Determinant Factor of Productivity White-Rumped Shamas (Copsychus malabaricus) at Bowo Bird Farm Bogor
Abstrak: Murai batu (Copsychus malabaricus) merupakan salah satu burung kicau yang digemari oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi manajemen indukan, pola reproduksi, tingkat produktivitas, dan faktor penentu produktivitas murai batu di Bowo Bird Farm. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapang, wawancara, dan penelusuran dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata umur dewasa kelamin murai batu betina 8 ± 0 bulan, sedangkan jantan 12 ± 0 bulan; jumlah telur per sarang 2,80 ± 0,41 butir; lama masa pengeraman telur 14 ± 0 hari; umur sapih anakan pada tahun 2014-2019 berumur 7 ± 0 hari (1 minggu), sedangkan tahun 2020 berumur 21,67 ± 0,57 (3 minggu); jarak bertelur kembali pada umur sapih anakan 1 minggu 31,17 ± 2,60 hari, sedangkan pada umur sapih anakan 3 minggu 40,34 ± 1,53 hari; lama umur produktif murai batu betina 4 tahun, sedangkan jantan 20 tahun. Tingkat produktivitas murai batu tergolong sedang dengan persentase induk produktif 65,77%, daya tetas telur 63,50%, dan persentase kematian anak 31,87%. Faktor penentu produktivitas berdasarkan regresi stepwise yaitu frekuensi bertelur induk, jumlah telur per sarang, dan jarak waktu bertelur kembali, sedangkan berdasarkan metode PCA yaitu PC I (jarak waktu bertelur kembali, frekuensi bertelur induk, dan umur induk betina) dan PC II (jumlah telur per sarang dan jumlah konsumsi pakan)., White-rumped shama (Copsychus malabaricus) is one of the chirping birds that are widely favored. This research aims to identify broodstock management, reproductive pattern, productivity levels, and determinant factor of productivity white-rumped shamas at Bowo Bird Farm. Data is collected through field observations, interviews, and relevant document analysis. The result of the research showed that average age of puberty female is 8 ± 0 months, while male 12 ± 0 months; clutch size is 2,80 ± 0,41 eggs; hatching period is 14 ± 0 days; age of weaned juveniles in 2014-2019 is 7 ± 0 days (1 week old), while in 2020 is 21,67 ± 0,57 days (3 weeks old); egg production cycle for 1 week weaned juveniles is 31,17 ± 2,60 days, while for 3 weeks weaned juveniles is 40,34 ± 1,53 days; productive lifespan of female is 4 years, while male is 20 years. The productivity level is classified as moderate with percentage of productive broodstock 65,77%, egg hatchability 63,50%, and juvenile mortality 31,87%. The determinant factors of productivity based on the stepwise regression were broodstock laying egg frequency, clutch size, and egg production cycle, while based on the PCA method were PC I (egg production cycle, broodstock egg laying frequency, and age of female broodstock) and PC II (clutch size and amount of feed consumed).
Keyword: murai batu, penangkaran, pola reproduksi, produktivitas, captivity, productivity, reproductive pattern, white-rumped shamas

Judul: Observation of Qualitative and Quantitative Traits of  White-rumped shama (Copsychus malabaricus sp) Bred in The Captive Breeding in Bogor Regency.
Abstrak: Burung murai batu (Copsychus malabaricus sp) adalah salah satu jenis burung kicauan yang banyak ditangkarkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji sifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif beberapa subspesies burung murai batu. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu 12 ekor burung murai batu jantan dan 12 ekor betina berumur 2 tahun yang berasal dari wilayah yang berbeda. Sifat kualitatif yang diamati yaitu warna bulu, bentuk paruh, warna shanks, pola bulu ekor burung murai batu, dan bentuk kepala. Sifat kuantitatif yang diamati yaitu panjang paruh, panjang badan, panjang sayap, panjang bulu ekor, dan panjang tarsus. Analisa data menggunakan metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian bahwa dari lima subspesies burung murai batu memiliki warna bulu dominan hitam kebiruan pada jantan dan dominan hitam keabu-abuan pada betina serta warna coklat pada bagian dada baik jantan maupun betina. Burung murai batu nias memiliki ekor berwarna hitam sedangkan lainnya memiliki ekor berwarna hitam dan putih dan dengan pola yang berbeda. Sifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif enam subspesies burung murai batu sangat bervariasi., The white-rumped shama (Copsychus malabaricus sp) is a type of songbird commonly bred in captivity. This research aims to study the qualitative and quantitative traits of several subspecies of the White-rumped Shama. The samples used were 12 male and 12 female White-rumped Shamas, aged two years old, originating from different regions. The qualitative traits observed were feather color, beak shape, shank color, tail feather pattern, and head shape. The quantitative traits observed were beak length, total body length, wing length, tail feather length, and tarsus length. Meticulous data analysis was performed using descriptive methods to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the findings. This study showed that of the 5 subspecies of White-rumped Shama, males predominantly had bluish-black feathers, females had predominantly grayish-black feathers, and both sexes had brown feathers on the chest. The Nias White-rumped Shama had black tails, while the others had black and white tails with different patterns. The qualitative and quantitative traits of the 6 subspecies of white-rumped Shama varied greatly.
Keyword: penangkaran, murai batu, sifat kualitatif, sifat kuantitatif, subspesies

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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