Judul: Analisis sosial, ekonomi petani peladang di Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat dan petani peladang peserta transmigrasi di Propinsi Jambi
Abstrak: Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan Pemerintah Daerah Propinsi Jambi untuk mengatasi perladangan dan perambahan hutan di Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat diantaranya Merelokasikan petani peladang kedaerah asal, Program hutan kemasyarakatan dan Program Transmigrasi, namun program ini. menghadapi tantangan dimana sebagian petani kembali lagi berladang dalam kawasan TNKS. Dalam penelitian ini ada 6 kategori rumah tangga petani yang diteliti yakni 1). Rumah tangga petani peladang yang direlokasikan namun kembali berladang dalam TNKS (RTP.1), 2). Rumah tangga petani peladang yang direlokasikan tidak kembali berladang dalam TNKS (RTP.2), 3). Rumah tangga petani yang tidak berladang dan tidak menanan kulit manis (RTP.3), 4). Rumah tangga petani peladang ikut program hutan kemasyarakatan (RTP.4), 5). Rumah tangga petani peladang ikut transmigra- si yang menetap (RTP.5), 6). Rumah tangga petani peladang ikut program transmigrasi yang kembali ke daerah asal (RTP.6). Tujuan penelitian adalah 1). Mengidentifikasi dan menghitung kondisi sosial ekonomi dari 6 kategori rumah tangga petani yang diteliti, 2). Mempelajari per- sepsi masyarakat sekitar TNKS terhadap keberadaan TNKS, 3). Mempelajari kontribusi sumber pendapatan dari 6 rumah tangga petani yang diteliti, 4). Menganalisa pengaruh faktor sosial ekonomi terhadap perluasan perladangan dalan TNKS.
Keyword: National park, Income source, Household

Judul: Social-Ecology Dynamics in Kerinci Seblat National Park: Access of Land, Agricultural Expansion, and Livelihoods (Case: Farmer's Households in Kota Baru Village, Uram Jaya District, Lebong Regency, Bengkulu)
Abstrak: Masyarakat Desa Kota Baru memiliki ketergantungan terhadap kawasan Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat (TNKS) sehingga terus memaksa untuk melakukan kegiatan pertanian ilegal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dinamika sosial-ekologi di kawasan Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat melalui pengkajian terhadap mekanisme akses lahan, ekspansi pertanian, dan penghidupan rumah tangga petani di sekitar kawasan. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah mix method. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat mekanisme akses struktural yang digunakan oleh rumah tangga petani untuk mengakses kawasan taman nasional, yaitu modal, teknologi, identitas sosial, dan pasar. Pola ekspansi pertanian yang ditemukan adalah pola berbintik dengan tipe ekspansi, yaitu waris, jual-beli, dan buka sendiri. Mekanisme akses modal dan pasar berhubungan langsung dengan pendapatan rumah tangga petani sektor ekstraksi kawasan. Namun, mekanisme akses teknologi dan identitas sosial tidak berhubungan secara langsung dengan pendapatan rumah tangga petani sektor ekstraksi kawasan., Kota Baru Village has a dependency on the TNKS area so that it continues to force its way in to carry out gricultural activities even though they are illegal. The purpose of this study is to analyze the social-ecological dynamics in the Kerinci Seblat National Park area through a deeper study of the mechanisms of land access, agricultural expansion, and livelihoods of farming households around the area. The approach in this research is mixed method. The results show that there are four structural access mechanisms used by farming households to access the national park area, namely capital, technology, social identity and market. The pattern of agricultural expansion found is a speckled pattern with the types of expansion, namely inheritance, buying and selling, and opening their own. Capital and market access mechanisms has correlated to extraction income of farmers' household. However, the mechanism of access to technology and social identity’s not directly correlated to the extraction income of farmer households.
Keyword: access mechanism, agricultural expansion, farmer households, livelihood structure, national park

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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