Judul: Antioxidant and anti-platelet aggregation activitie of cassia vera (Cinnamomum burmanni nees ax Blume) bark extract and it’s potency in preventing atherosclerosis in rabbit
Abstrak: There has been limited report on the biological activities of cassia vera bark extract and the potency of cassia vera bark extract as antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and anti-hypercholesterolemia, and its function as anti-atheroschlerosis in rabbit in not yet known.
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Judul: Antiatherosclerosis capacity of zn-chlorophyll derivatives from cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crank) on experimental rabbit
Abstrak: Green vegetables contain much chlorophyll which has a potency as functional component of fwd. Previous studies showed that chlorophyll could act as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antigenotoxic, anticlastogenic, and antimutagenic. There are no reports on the toxic effect of chlorophyll or its derivatives in humans. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine the chlorophyll content of some green vegetables; (2) to study the formation of zinc (Zn) complex of chlorophyll derivatives at 4 levels of ion Zn2'; (3) to study the physical characteristics of Znchlorophyll derivatives; (4) to study the effect of Znchlorophyll derivatives on atherosclerosis of experimental rabbits; and (5) to study the effect of Zn-chlorophyll derivatives on the histopathological change in the liver and kidney of experimental atherosclerotic rabbits. The hypothesis of the research were (1) the color of Zn-chlorophyll derivatives was more stable and bright than native chlorophyll; (2) Zn-chlorophyll derivatives could prevent increasing of serum cholesterol level of experimental rabbits; (3) Znchlorophyll derivatives could prevent the fomation of lession on aorta of experimental rabbits; and (4) Znchlorophyll derivatives could prevent the development of fatty liver and protein precipitation on glomerular of experimental rabbit's kidney. The research was divided into four stages, that were, (1) determination of chlorophyll content of 10 kinds of green vegetables and 2 kinds of grasses, (2) extraction of chlorophyll from cassava leaves, preparation of chlorophyll derivatives and production of complex of Zn-chlorophyll derivatives, (3) evaluation of serum lipid profile of experimental rabbits given feed containing complex powder of Zn-chlorophyll derivatives, and (4) evaluation of lession on aorta and histopathological evident in the liver and kidney of experimental rabbits given feed containing complex powder of Zn-chlorophyll derivatives. The chlorophyll content of 10 kinds of green vegetables and 2 kinds of grasses (Amaranthus tricolor, lpomoea aqualytica, Manihot esculenta, Saumpus androgynus, Brassica chinensis, Vigna anguiculata, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pilea trinervia, Lactuca sativa, Ocinum americanum, Pennisetum purpureum and lmperata cylindrica) were analysed. The result of analysis showed that cassava leaves have highest chlorophyll content (3967.5 pglg) than others green vegetables (224.6 - 2202.0 pglg) and grasses (2326.3 - 2673.2 pglg). Therefore, chlorophyll was extracted from fresh cassava leaves usiqg ethanol 95%, and then a complex of Zn-chlorophyll derivatives was made. Zn-chlomph~ll derivatives were made by adding 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm and 200 ppm of ion Zn ' as Zn-acetate dihydrate ((CH3C00)2Zn.2Hz0) to chlorophyll extract. After addition of dextrin, powder of Znchlorophyll derivatives were obtained by spray drying. Added 200 ppm of ion zn2' to chlorophyll extract yielded the best characteristics (color, water content, ash content, total zinc content, pH, and solubility) of Zn-chlorophyll derivatives
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Judul: Analysis of Unemployment Rate in the Monetary Inflationary Targeting Framework Policy System in Developed and Developing Countries
Abstrak: Tingkat pengangguran di dunia terus mengalami fluktuasi seiring dengan variabel makroekonomi lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari pemberlakuan kebijakan Inflationary Targeting Framework (ITF) beserta faktor lainnya seperti tingkat inflasi dan tingkat pertumbuhan PDB dan nilai tukar terhadap tingkat peganggura di dunia. Data yang digunakan berbentuk data panel dengan periode analisis dari tahun 1980 hingga 2019 dengan 114 negara di dunia. Data penelitian ini besumber dari World Economic Outlook dan International Financial Statistics yang dirilis oleh International Monetary Fund (IMF). Penelitian ini menggunakan analsis regresi data Unbalanced Panel dengan metode Pooled Least Square . Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan kebijakan ITF memberikan perbedaan yang nyata dan positif terhadap tingkat pengangguran di dunia dan negara maju serta tidak memberikan perbedaan nyata pada tingkat pengangguan di negara berkembang. Pertumbuhan PDB berpegaruh signifikan positif terhadap tingkat pengangguran di dunia negara maju dan berkembang., The unemployment rate in the world continues to fluctuate along with other macroeconomic variables. This study aims to analyze the effect of the implementation of the Inflationary Targeting Framework (ITF) policy along with other factors such as the inflation rate and GDP growth rate and the exchange rate on the level of peganggura in the world. The data used is in the form of panel data with an analysis period from 1980 to 2019 with 114 countries in the world. The research data comes from the World Economic Outlook and International Financial Statistics released by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This study uses Unbalanced Panel data regression analysis with the Pooled Least Square method. The results of this study indicate that the ITF policy provides a real and positive difference to the unemployment rate in the world and developed countries and does not make a real difference in the level of disturbance in developing countries. GDP growth has a significant positive effect on the unemployment rate in the world, developed and developing countries.
Keyword: Inflasi, Inflatonary Targeting Framework, Pengangguran, Pertumbuhan PDB. GDP Growth, Inflation, Inflationary Targeting Framework, Unemployement.