Judul: Kajian Produk Turunan Industrial Palm Oil (IPO) dan Pengolahan Limbah pada Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Skala Miniplant
Abstrak: Minyak sawit merupakan komoditas ekspor utama yang memiliki banyak manfaat serta berpotensi meningkatkan perekonomian Indonesia. Pendirian pabrik kelapa sawit skala miniplant mampu meningkatkan pendapatan petani akibat pemangkasan biaya distribusi dan rantai pasok yang panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji produk Indusrial Palm Oil (IPO) yang potensial untuk di produksi pada pabrik kelapa sawit skala miniplant serta membuat kajian pengolahan limbah yang dihasilkan dari proses pengolahan produk sehingga pabrik yang didirikan dapat beroperasi secara efisien dan menguntungkan serta ramah lingkungan. Metode penelitian menggunakan kombinasi bentuk kualitatif sebagai data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan wawancara dan bentuk kuantitatif sebagai data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi literatur. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah informasi produk-produk yang potensial untuk diproduksi oleh pabrik skala miniplant yaitu Crude Palm Oil (CPO), Red Palm Oil (RPO), Palm Kernel (PK) dan produk energi (biodiesel dan Pure Plant Oil) dan juga kajian pengolahan dan pemanfaatan limbah cair dan limbah padat dari proses produksi., Oil Palm oil was a major export commodity that has many benefits and has the potential to improve the Indonesian economy. The establishment of a miniplant-scale palm oil mill is able to increase farmers income due to cutting distribution costs and a long supply chain. This study aims to examine Industrial Palm Oil (IPO) potential products to be produced in miniplant scale palm oil mills and to study the processing of waste generated from the product processing so that the established factories can operate efficiently and profitably and are environmentally friendly. The research method uses a combination of qualitative forms as primary data obtained from observations and interviews and quantitative forms as secondary data obtained through literature studies. The results obtained are information on potential products to be produced by miniplant scale factories, namely Crude Palm Oil (CPO), Red Palm Oil (RPO), Palm Kernel (PK) and energy products (biodiesel and Pure Plant Oil) as well as processing studies and utilization of liquid waste and solid waste from the production process.
Keyword: Crude Palm Oil, Palm Kernel, Red Palm Oil, Waste

Judul: Evaluasi Teknologi Proses Produksi Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dan Red Palm Oil (RPO) Skala Miniplant
Abstrak: Evaluasi Teknologi Proses Produksi Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dan Red Palm Oil (RPO) Skala Miniplant. Dibimbing oleh Farah Fahma. Pengolahan tandan buah segar (TBS) kelapa sawit menjadi minyak sawit dan produk turunannya biasanya dilakukan pada pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS). PKS umumnya dibangun jauh dari perkebunan sehingga banyak TBS yang rusak akibat proses pengangkutan.Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi teknologi proses produksi minyak sawit untuk produksi skala miniplant. Metode penelitian menggunakan kombinasi bentuk kualitatif sebagai data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan wawancara dan bentuk kuantitatif sebagai data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi literatur. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa pemberian solusi pendirian miniplant sawit dengan kapasitas 1 ton/jam yang beroperasi selama 10 jam/hari dengan memproduksi Crude palm oil (CPO), Red Palm Oil (RPO) dan Palm Kernel (PK). Proses pengolahan CPO dilakukan dengan sterilisasi menggunakan sterilizer vertikal, threshing dengan metode bantingan, digesting dengan penggerusan, ekstraksi menggunakan screw press, klarifikasi menggunakan vibrating screen, vertical clarifier tank (VCT), dan vacuum dryer serta penyimpanan menggunakan sistem pemanasan dan pengadukan. Pengolahan RPO menggunakan proses degumming dengan acid degumming, netralisasi dengan deasidifikasi, dan deodorisasi menggunakan stripping agent. Neraca massa pengolahan kelapa sawit skala miniplant menghasilkan CPO sebanyak 2191 Kg, RPO sebanyak 418,36 Kg, dan PK sebanyak 486,62 Kg. Kata kunci : miniplant sawit, palm oil, teknologi proses, Evaluation of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Red Palm Oil (RPO) Production Process Technology On Miniplant Scale. Supervised by Farah Fahma. Processing of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm into palm oil and its derivative products is usually carried out at palm oil mills (PKS). PKS are generally built far from the plantations so that a lot of FFB is damaged due to the transportation process. The aim of this research is to evaluate the technology of palm oil production process for miniplant scale production. The research method used a combination of qualitative forms as primary data obtained from observations and interviews and quantitative forms as secondary data obtained through literature studies. The results obtained were in the form of providing a solution for establishing a palm oil miniplant with a capacity of 1 ton/hour which operates for 10 hours/day that produces Crude Palm Oil (CPO), Red Palm Oil (RPO) and Palm Kernel (PK). The CPO processing process was carried out by sterilization using a sterilizer vertical, threshing with the slamming method, digesting by grinding, extraction using a screw press, clarification using a vibrating screen, vertical clarifier tank (VCT), and vacuum dryer and storage using a heating and stirring system. RPO processing used degumming with acid degumming, neutralization by deacidification, and deodorization using stripping agent. The mass balance of miniplant-scale palm oil processing resulted in 2191 Kg of CPO, 418.36 Kg of RPO, and 486.62 Kg of PK. Keywords: palm miniplant, palm oil, process technology
Keyword: miniplant sawit, palm oil, teknologi proses

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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