Judul: Evaluation of Anti-Diarrhea Effects of Indonesia Chamomile Infusion in Mice (Mus Musculus).
Abstrak: Chamomile telah banyak digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional untuk mengatasi masalah saluran pencernaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek perlindungan ekstrak infusa chamomile (CIE) terhadap diare yang diinduksi minyak jarak pada mencit. Dalam penelitian ini, infus chamomile konsentrasi 50% memberikan efek anti diare terbaik. Efeknya secara bertahap turun saat konsentrasi meningkat menjadi 75% dan 100%. Diare adalah salah satu alasan kunjungan dokter hewan yang paling sering dan banyak patogen gastrointestinal menimbulkan risiko zoonosis pada manusia dan hewan. Aktivitas antidiare dievaluasi menggunakan metode diare yang diinduksi minyak jarak. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok: Kontrol positif (Castor oil-Loperamide (LOP)), kontrol negatif (Castor oil-tween 1%), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan (Castor oil - CIE konsentrasi 100%,75% Dan 50%). Hewan secara oral diobati dengan CIE sebelum pemberian minyak jarak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa CIE mampu memberikan perlindungan terhadap penumpukan cairan usus dan diare yang diinduksi oleh minyak jarak. Namun, pada metode transit intestinal menunjukan Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penggunaan ekstrak chamomile memiliki sifat antidiare yang kuat pada mencit yang membuktikan khasiat penggunaannya dalam pengobatan tradisional., Traditional medicine has made extensive use of chamomile to address digestive tract issues. The present work aims to investigate the protective effects of chamomile infusion extract (CIE) against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. In this research, 50% concentration chamomile infusion contribute to the best anti-diarrhea effect. The effect gradually goes down when concentration increase to 75% and 100%. Diarrhea is one of the most frequent reasons of veterinary visits and most of the gastrointestinal pathogens pose zoonotic risk to human and animals. The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated using the castor oil-induced diarrhea method. In this respect, mice were divided into five groups: control positive (Castor oil-Loperamide (LOP)), control negative (Castor oil-tween 1%), and (Castor oil- 100%, 75% and 50% doses of CIE respectively). Animals were orally pre-treated with CIE and followed by one-time administration of castor oil respectively. The evaluation of the effect will be carried out using protective intestinal and transit intestinal evaluation methods. The outcomes demonstrated that CIE exhibited a dose-dependent protection against intestinal fluid buildup and diarrhea caused by castor oil. However, the intestinal transit method demonstrates that CIE has a negligible impact on decreasing intestinal motility. These ﬁndings suggested that chamomile extract had potent antidiarrheal properties in mice conﬁrming their use in traditional medicine.
Keyword: anti diare, anti-diarrhea, chamomile, chamomile, infusion, mencit, mice, obat tradisional, traditional medicine

Judul: Effectiveness of Sapodilla Leaf Infusion (Chrysophylum cainito L.) as Antidiarrhea in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Daun sawo duren (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) atau kenitu mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang memiliki potensi sebagai sediaan antidiare. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas antidiare infusa daun sawo duren dengan menggunakan metode proteksi intestinal dan mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder daun sawo duren menggunakan pemeriksaan fitokimia. Mencit jantan sebanyak 30 ekor dikelompokkan menjadi lima kelompok yang terdiri atas dua kelompok kontrol (positif berupa suspensi Loperamid HCl dan negatif menggunakan Oleum ricini) dan tiga kelompok perlakuan lainnya yaitu infusa dengan konsentrasi bertingkat (25%, 50%, 100%). Data hasil penelitian antidiare diolah menggunakan aplikasi Minitab-18 dengan metode uji one way ANOVA dan uji Tukey. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah daun sawo duren mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin. Pada metode proteksi intestinal menunjukkan bahwa infusa daun sawo duren efektif dalam mengatasi diare. Konsentrasi infusa daun sawo duren yang terbaik yaitu konsentrasi 50%., Chrysophyllum cainito L., commonly known as Sawo Duren, contain secondary metabolite compounds which have potential as an antidiarrheal preparation. This study investigates the antidiarrheal effectiveness of Sawo Duren leaf infusion through phytochemical analyses and intestinal protection assays, aiming to determine the most effective concentration in murine models. Thirty male mice were divided into five groups,which is two control groups (positive control with loperamide HCl suspension and negative control with Oleum ricini) and three treatment groups with graded concentrations of the infusion (25%, 50%, and 100%). Antidiarrheal data were analyzed using Minitab-18 software, employing one-way ANOVA and Tukey
Keyword: antidiare, fitokimia, proteksi intestinal, daun sawo duren, infusa

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
Keyword: