Judul: Sifat Kompos yang Berasal dari Berbagai Bahan yang Diinokulasi Trichoderma harzianum Rifai Aggr. dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Pertumbuhan Jagung pada Latosol Darmaga (Oxic Dystropepts)
Abstrak: Masalah utama bidang pertanian di Indonesia salah satunya adalah akibat rendahnya tingkat produktivitas lahan karena kadar bahan organik yang rendah. HAl itu memerlukan suatu tindakan untuk mengembalikan produktivitas lahan tersebut. Penggunaan pupuk kimia (anorganik) adalah rekomendasi yang telah lama dicobakan. Tetapi penggunaan yang terus menerus dalam dosis tinggi telah menyebabkan dampak yang kurang menguntungkan bagi tanah maupun lingkungan secara umum. Penggunaan bahan organik dalam hal ini kompos adalah alternatif untuk menekan dampak negatif yang disebabkan pupuk kimia. Pada akhirnya adalah bagaimana menemukan metode, bahan serta aktivator yang baik untuk meningkatkan kualitas kompos.
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Judul: Pengaruh Taraf Pupuk Organik Yang Diperkaya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jagung Manis (Zea Mays Saccharata Sturt) Dan Sifat Kimia Tanah Pada Latosol Di Darmaga
Abstrak: The negative impact caused by the use of inorganic fertilizers pushes fanner to return to organic fanning system. However, because the decomposition process of organic fertilizers is slow and its amount is limited, the nutrition which can be absorbed by crop for its h'fO,,,,th is a little. Therefore, it is needed to combine organic fertilizers with inorganic fertilizers. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness at 6 levels of enriched organic fertilizer levels on the yield and the chemical of soil properties. This research was carried out in the experimental field of Cikabayan, Bogor. The plant analysis was done in the Laboratory of Chemistry and Soil Fertility, Soil Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. The study was conducted from March until September 2003. The treatnients consisted of 6 levels of enriched organic fertilizers: PO (dosage: 0 ton/hal; PI (dosage: 10 ton/hal; P2 (dosage: 20 ton/hal; P3 (dosage: 30 ton/hal; P4 (dosage: 40 ton/hal; and P5 (dosage: 50 ton/hal, with 4 replications. So, there were 24 treatments unit in this research. These fertilizers were consisted of organic fertilizers - 60 % of compost and 25 % of cow dung - combined with these inorganic fertilizers - 7 % of dolomite, 2 % of urea, 4 % of SP-36, and 2 % ofKe! The result of this research indicated that the enriched organic fertilizers treatments have an effect to improvement of measured parameters value. The best of yield, high of plant, and the chemical of soil properties were obtained at treatment of P5 with dosage 50 tonlha of enriched organic fertilizers. The worst of yield, high of plant, and the chemical of soil properties were occurred at treatment of PO (without enriched organic fertilizers).
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Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua