Judul: Produksi Biolistrik Limbah Cair Pemindangan dengan Sistem Salt Bridge Microbial Fuel Cell Berbahan Natrium Alginat
Abstrak: Microbial fuel cell (MFC) merupakan suatu teknologi alternatif penghasil energi listrik dari limbah cair. Microbial fuel cell dua bejana terdiri dari bejana anoda dan katoda yang dihubungkan oleh membran penukar proton maupun jembatan garam. Na-alginat merupakan polimer alami yang dapat dijadikan media jembatan garam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan produksi biolistrik dan penurunan beban polusi dari limbah cair pemindangan dengan sistem salt-bridge microbial fuel cell berbahan Na-alginat. Konsentrasi Na-alginat yang digunakan yaitu 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Nilai elektrisitas tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan konsentrasi Na-alginat 20% yaitu nilai tegangan listrik sebesar 1,53 V, arus listrik sebesar 3,96 mA, dan daya listrik sebesar 6,03 mW. MFC jembatan garam Na alginat mampu menurunkan parameter biological oxygen demand (BOD) dan total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) sebesar 73% dan 76%. Perbedaan konsentrasi Na-alginat mempengaruhi kinerja MFC. Perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada konsentrasi Na-alginat 20%., Microbial fuel cell is an alternative technology for producing electrical energy from wastewater. Dual chamber MFCs consists of anode and cathode chambers connected with a proton exchange membrane or salt bridge. Sodium alginate is a natural polymer that can be used as salt bridge medium. This study was aimed to determine the bioelectric production and reduce the pollution load from the effluent using salt-bridge microbial fuel cell system made from Na-alginate. The sodium alginate concentrations used were 10%, 15%, and 20%. The highest value of electricity was obtained in the treatment of 20% sodium alginate concentration, the electric voltage was 1,53 V, the electric current was 3,96 mA, and the electric power was 6,03 mW. Sodium alginate salt bridge MFCs were able to reduce BOD and TAN parameters by 73% and 76%, respectively. Differences in Na-alginate concentrations affect MFC performance. The best treatment was at a concentration of 20% Na-alginate.
Keyword: elektrisitas, jembatan garam Na-alginat, limbah cair perikanan, microbial fuel cell

Judul: Performance of Salt Bridge Microbial Fuel Cell Bioelectric  Generator in Variated Carrageenan-Carboxylmethyl Cellulose Ratio
Abstrak: Sistem microbial fuel cell (MFC) adalah teknologi terbarukan yang dapat mengubah materi organik menjadi energi berupa listrik. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan hasil listrik tertinggi dari limbah cair pindang ikan melalui teknologi microbial fuel cell (MFC) salt bridge dan menentukan rasio karagenan: karboksilmetil selulosa yang optimal pada jembatan garam untuk menghasilkan energi listrik dalam sistem MFC. Jembatan garam K:KMS dibuat dengan perlakuan rasio K:KMS 1:1, 0,5:1, 0,6:1 (b/b). Perlakuan terbaik adalah K:KMS dengan perbandingan 1:1 menghasilkan tegangan listrik tertinggi sebesar 0,88 V. Jembatan garam K:KMS dengan perbandingan 0,5:1 menghasilkan kuat arus tertinggi sebesar 1,22 mA, serta daya listrik tertinggi sebesar 0,85 mW. Nilai efisiensi penurunan COD, BOD, serta TAN mengalami penurunan sebesar 90,75%, 90,36%, dan 60,45% pada perlakuan rasio K:KMS 1:1. Sistem salt bridge MFC ini menunjukkan kinerja yang sangat baik dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di masa depan., The microbial fuel cell (MFC) system is a renewable technology that converts organic matter into energy in the form of electricity. The purpose of this study was to determine the highest electrical yield from fish pindang liquid waste through salt bridge microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology and determined the optimal ratio of carrageenan: carboxylmethyl cellulose in salt bridges to generate electrical energy in the MFC system. The carrageenan-carboxylmethyl cellulose salt bridges were prepared by treating the different carrageenan-carboxylmethyl cellulose compositions of 1: 1, 0,6:1, and 0,5: 1 (w/w). The highest electric voltage was produces from carrageenan-carboxylmethyl cellulose salt bridge treatment with a ratio of 1:1 with a value of 0,88 V. The carrageenan-carboxylmethyl cellulose salt bridge with a ratio of 0,5:1 was produced the highest current strength of 1,22 mA, and the highest electrical power of 0,85 mW. In addition, the reduction efficiency values of COD, BOD, and TAN on fishery waste with treatment of C:CMC ratio of 1:1 were 90,75%, 90,36%, and 60,45%. System salt bridge MFC showed excellent performance and has the potential to be developed in the future.
Keyword: fishery waste, microbial fuel cell, carrageenan-carboxylmethyl cellulose salt bridge

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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