Judul: The Influence of Gender Roles and Marriage Readiness on Marriage Quality in Child Marriage Couples
Abstrak: Pernikahan anak merupakan permasalahan yang masih terjadi di Indonesia. Kurangnya kesiapan berhubungan dengan pembagian peran gender pernikahan hingga memengaruhi kualitas pernikahan. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh peran gender dan kesiapan menikah terhadap kualitas pernikahan pada pasangan pernikahan anak. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan cross-sectional dengan teknik pengumpulan contoh purposive sampling dan convenience sampling dengan melibatkan 30 orang istri yang menikah di usia anak di Kabupaten Sukabumi sebagai responden. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada Januari–Maret 2024. Data diolah menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif, paired sample t-test, analisis tipologi, uji korelasi, dan uji regresi linear berganda. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif signifikan antara peran gender, kesiapan menikah, dan kualitas pernikahan. Pada hasil analisis regresi ditemukan bahwa kesiapan menikah memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan dengan kualitas pernikahan. Secara keseluruhan pada hasil paired sample t-test menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar dimensi tidak meningkat sehingga pernikahan cenderung mengalami kerentanan di masa mendatang., Child marriage is an ongoing problem in Indonesia. Lack of preparedness is related to the division of gender roles in marriage, affecting the quality of marriage. This descriptive quantitative study aims to analyze the influence of gender roles and marriage readiness on the quality of marriage in child marriage couples. The design of this study was cross-sectional with purposive sampling and convenience sampling techniques involving 30 wives who married at child age in Sukabumi Regency as respondents. Data were collected from January to March 2024. Data were processed using descriptive statistical analysis, paired sample t-test, typology analysis, correlation test, and multiple linear regression test. The correlation test results showed a significant positive relationship between gender roles, marriage readiness and marriage quality. The regression analysis found that marriage readiness has a significant positive effect on marriage quality. Overall, the paired sample t-test results showed that most of the dimensions did not improve so that marriages tend to experience vulnerability in the future.
Keyword: gender, kesiapan menikah, kualitas pernikahan, pernikahan anak

Judul: The Influence of Marital Quality Knowledge and Family Readiness on Age Preference for Marriage among College Students
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik responden, pengetahuan kualitas pernikahan, kesiapan berkeluarga, dan preferensi usia menikah mahasiswa. Penarikan responden menggunakan teknik convenience sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menyebar kuesioner online dan diperoleh 132 Mahasiswa IPB yang telah menempuh studi S1 lebih dari 2 tahun. Uji beda menunjukkan bahwa indeks kesiapan berkeluarga laki-laki lebih tinggi dari perempuan. Perempuan memiiki preferensi usia ideal dan siap menikah lebih muda dari laki-laki. Hasil uji hubungan menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan kualitas pernikahan memiliki hubungan yang positif dengan kesiapan berkeluarga. Pengetahuan kualitas pernikahan berhubungan positif dengan kesiapan berkeluarga, namun berhubungan negatif dengan preferensi usia menikah. Kesiapan berkeluarga berhubungan negatif dengan usia siap menikah, dan usia ingin menikah. Pendidikan orang tua berhubungan negatif dengan kesiapan berkeluarga dan preferensi usia menikah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin tinggi pengetahuan kualitas pernikahan maka semakin tinggi kesiapan berkeluarga, namun semakin rendah preferensi usia menikah. Temuan penelitian ini hanya berlaku bagi mahasiswa dengan kelompok usia 19 hingga 23 tahun., This research aims to analyze the influence of respondent characteristics, knowledge of marital quality, family readiness, and age preference for marriage among university students. Respondents were selected through convenience sampling, and data were collected via online questionnaires from 132 IPB University students who had completed at least two years of their undergraduate studies. Differential analysis revealed that the family readiness index for males was significantly different and higher than females. Additionally, females exhibited a preference for an ideal marriage age and expressed readiness for marriage at a younger age compared to males. Knowledge of marital quality was positively associated with family readiness but negatively linked to age preferences for marriage. Family readiness was negatively related to the age at which individuals were ready for marriage and their desired marriage age. Parental education showed a negative association v with family readiness and age preferences for marriage. The findings of this study highlight that a higher level of knowledge regarding marital quality corresponds to increased family readiness but lower age preferences for marriage. These results are particularly pertinent to university students within the age group of 19 to 23 years.
Keyword: Dewasa awal, kesiapan berkeluarga, pengetahuan kualitas pernikahan, perbedaan jenis kelamin, preferensi usia menikah, age preference for marriage, family readiness, gender differences, marriage quality knowledge, young adult

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable