Judul: Study of Consumption of Processed Banana and its Contributions of Fulfil Daily Carbohydrate Intake in Indonesia
Abstrak: Diversifikasi pangan merupakan program pemerintah Indonesia yang bertujuan meningkatkan konsumsi pangan lokal sumber karbohidrat. Pisang memiliki kandungan karbohidrat yang cukup tinggi dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai pangan alternatif pengganti nasi. Informasi terkait budaya serta preferensi konsumsi pisang penduduk Indonesia diperlukan sebagai upaya mendorong peningkatan konsumsi pisang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memperoleh informasi terkait budaya dan preferensi konsumsi pisang penduduk Indonesia, faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya serta menentukan jumlah kontribusi karbohidrat dari konsumsi pisang. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional study. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data contoh penduduk Indonesia di setiap provinsi secara online menggunakan kuesioner melalui google form dan dilanjutkan dengan in-depth interview. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budaya konsumsi pisang sebagai makanan pokok masih terdapat di beberapa Provinsi di Indonesia. Komoditas pisang banyak dikonsumsi oleh penduduk Provinsi Papua Barat, Bali, dan Maluku Utara. Rata-rata konsumsi pisang untuk provinsi tersebut berturut-turut adalah sebesar 31,53 kg/kapita/tahun; dan 24,27 kg/kapita/tahun; dan 23,78 kg/kapita/tahun. Rata-rata konsumsi pisang penduduk Indonesia sebagai makanan pokok sebesar 0,81 kg/kapita/tahun. Sedangkan rata-rata konsumsi pisang penduduk Indonesia sebagai makanan selingan sebesar 12,70 kg/kapita/tahun. Konsumsi pisang sebagai makanan pokok memberikan kontribusi sebesar 1,85% dari AKK yang ditargetkan. Cara konsumsi pisang sebagai makanan pokok dan ketertarikan narasumber untuk mengonsumsi pisang sebagai makanan pokok tidak dipengaruhi oleh total pendapatan keluarga dan tingkat pendidikan responden. Ketertarikan narasumber untuk mengonsumsi pisang sebagai makanan pokok dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan budaya konsumsi pisang sebagai makanan pokok di daerahnya. Keberadaan budaya konsumsi pisang sebagai makanan pokok dipengaruhi oleh lokasi kependudukan., Food diversification is an Indonesian government program that aims to increase the consumption of local food sources of carbohydrates. Bananas have a fairly high carbohydrate content and have the potential to be developed as an alternative food to replace rice. Information related to culture and banana consumption preferences of the Indonesian population is needed as an effort to encourage an increase in banana consumption. The purpose of this study was to obtain information related to culture and banana consumption preferences of the Indonesian population, the factors that influence it and determine the amount of carbohydrate intake contribution from banana consumption. The design of this research is a cross sectional study. The research was conducted by collecting data from samples of the Indonesian population in each province online using a questionnaire via google form and followed by in-depth interviews. The results showed that the culture of consuming bananas as a staple food still exists in several provinces in Indonesia. Bananas are widely consumed by residents of the Provinces of West Papua, Bali, and North Maluku. The average banana consumption for these provinces is 31.53 kg/capita/year, respectively; and 24.27 kg/capita/year; and 23.78 kg/capita/year. Consumption of bananas for the Indonesian population as a staple food is 0.81 kg/capita/year. Meanwhile, consumption of bananas by the Indonesian population as a snack is 12.70 kg/capita/year. Consumption of bananas as a staple food contributed 1.85% of the targeted AKK. The way in which bananas are consumed as a staple food and the respondent's interest in consuming bananas as a staple food are not influenced by the total family income and education level of the respondents. However, the respondents' interest
Keyword: AKK, Consumption culture, Banana, Food diversification

Judul: Consumption Patterns of Processed Sago and Its Contribution to Carbohydrate Intake in Indonesia
Abstrak: Sagu berpotensi dijadikan pangan alternatif sumber karbohidrat dalam diversifikasi pangan karena kandungan karbohidratnya yang lebih tinggi daripada beras. Konsumsi beras yang semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya, namun hasil produksinya yang semakin menurun, maka diperlukan diversifikasi pangan untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap beras, dengan contoh pangannya ialah sagu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola konsumsi sagu dan kontribusinya terhadap asupan karbohidrat di Indonesia. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah survei dengan metode Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Survei disebarkan di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia. Papeda merupakan olahan sagu yang paling banyak dikonsumsi sebagai makanan pokok dan selingan, dengan rata-rata konsumsi masing-masing sebesar 3,20 g/kapita/hari dan 2,09 g/kapita/hari. Provinsi yang memiliki rata-rata konsumsi sagu tertinggi ialah Papua Barat, Papua, dan Maluku dengan rata-rata konsumsi masing-masing sebesar 66,94 g/kapita/hari, 37,61 g/kapita/hari, dan 26,79 g/kapita/hari. Hal ini berbeda dengan data produksi nasional sagu, dimana yang tertinggi ialah Riau, dikarenakan sagu di Riau diekspor ke daerah maupun negara lain sehingga konsumsinya masih lebih kecil. Rata-rata konsumsi sagu sebagai maknan pokok dan selingan masing-masing ialah sebesar 5,02 g/kapita/hari dan 4,21 g/kapita/hari. Hal ini menandakan bahwa sagu lebih banyak dikonsumsi sebagai makanan pokok. Kontribusi karbohidrat sagu secara keseluruhan ialah sebesar 2,40%. Kontribusi karbohidrat sagu di provinsi Papua Barat, Papua, dan Maluku ialah masing-masing sebesar 17,45%; 9,80%; dan 6,98%. Hasil tersebut didapatkan dengan memakai acuan angka kecukupan karbohidrat sebesar 325 g/kapita/hari dan jumlah karbohidrat sagu per 100 g yang sebesar 84,7 g., Sago has the potential to be used as an alternative source of carbohydrates in food diversification because of its higher carbohydrate content than rice. Consumption of rice is increasing every year, but production is decreasing, so food diversification is needed to reduce dependence on rice, with an example of food being sago. This study aims to analyze sago consumption patterns and their contribution to carbohydrate intake in Indonesia. The data collection technique used was a survey using the Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) method. The survey was distributed in all provinces in Indonesia. Papeda is the most widely consumed processed sago as a staple food and as a snack, with an average consumption of 3.20 g/capita/day and 2.09 g/capita/day, respectively. Provinces with the highest average consumption of sago are West Papua, Papua, and Maluku with an average consumption of 66.94 g/capita/day, 37.61 g/capita/day, and 26.79 g/capita/day, respectively. This is different from data on national sago production, where the highest is Riau, because sago in Riau is exported to other regions and countries so consumption is still smaller. The average consumption of sago as a staple food and a snack is 5.02 g/capita/day and 4.21 g/capita/day, respectively. This indicates that more sago is consumed as a staple food. The overall contribution of sago carbohydrates is 2.40%. The contribution of sago carbohydrates in the provinces of West Papua, Papua and Maluku is 17.45% respectively; 9.80%; and 6.98%. These results were obtained using the carbohydrate adequacy ratio of 325 g/capita/day and the amount of sago carbohydrates per 100 g of 84.7 g
Keyword: carbohdyrates, food diversification, sago, snack food, staple food

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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