Judul: The Effectiveness of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) Infusion on Analgesic Effect and Stamina in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Kesehatan merupakan hal yang penting bagi setiap individu. Obat herbal dapat menjadi alternatif pemilihan obat dalam mengurangi konsumsi obat berbahan sintetik atau kimiawi. Bit merah merupakan tanaman umbi yang mudah ditemukan dengan berbagai manfaat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari efektivitas infusa bit merah sebagai analgesik dan potensinya dalam menambah stamina tubuh. Uji efektivitas analgesik dilakukan dengan metode tail flick test, sementara uji potensi penambah stamina menggunakan metode natatory exhaustion. Penelitian menggunakan 20 mencit jantan galur DDY yang terbagi ke dalam empat kelompok dosis perlakuan, yakni 0, 1, 2, dan 4 g/kg BB. Pemberian infusa dan pengujian dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali pada waktu yang berbeda. Data dianalisis menggunakan analysis of varience (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa infusa bit merah mampu memberikan efek analgesik dengan dosis efektif 2 g/kg BB sebesar 5.46±1.22 detik, juga penambah stamina dengan durasi tertinggi pada dosis 4 g/kg BB sebesar 117.20±34.70 detik. Efek analgesik dan stamina yang ditimbulkan diduga berasal dari senyawa metabolit sekunder bit merah. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bit merah memiliki efek analgesik dan dapat meningkatkan stamina., Health is the most important thing for every individual being. Herbal medicine can be an alternative in drugs selection for reducing the consumption of synthetic or chemical drugs. Beetroot is a root plant that can easily be found and has many beneficial contents. This research aims to study the effectiveness of beetroot infusions as analgesics and their potential in increasing body stamina. The effectiveness of analgesics was tested using the tail flick test method, while the potential for increasing stamina was tested using the natatory exhaustion method. This study comprised of 20 DDY strain male mice that divided into four treatment dose groups, namely 0, 1, 2, and 4 g/kg BW. Infusion administration and testing were repeated in three different time. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Tukey’s test. The result showed that beetroot was able to provide analgesic effect with an effective dose of 2 g/kg BW at 5.46±1.22 seconds, as well as increasing stamina with the highest duration at dose of 4 g/kg BW at 117.220±34.70 seconds. The analgesic and stamina-enhancing effects are believed to originate from the secondary metabolites of beetroot It was concluded that beetroot have analgesic effect an increases stamina in mice.
Keyword: analgesik, mencit, obat herbal, stamina, bit merah

Judul: Effectiveness of Forest Honey Towards Analgesic and Stamina in Mice (Mus musculus Albinus)
Abstrak: Secara empiris, madu telah digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk memperbaiki kualitas kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek madu terhadap analgesik dan stimulator stamina. Pengujian analgesik dilakukan dengan metode tail immersion test, sedangkan stimulator stamina menggunakan metode ketahanan berenang. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor mencit yang diberi sari buah jeruk nipis dengan berbagai dosis, yaitu 0, 1, 2, dan 4 g/kg BB, dengankelompok 0 menjadikelompokkontrol. Setiap kelompok perlakuan terdiriatas 5 ekor mencit. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian (ANOVA) yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian madu pada mencit percobaan dosis 1 g/kg BB memiliki efektivitas terbaik sebagai analgesik dan stimulator stamina. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa madu memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai sediaan sebagai analgesik dan stimulator stamina alami. Kata kunci: alami, analgesik, madu, mencit, stamina, Empirically, honey has been used by the community to improve the quality of human wellbeing. This study aims to determine the effect of honey on analgesics and stamina stimulators. Analgesic testing was done by the tail immersion test method, while stamina stimulatorwas tested by swimming endurance method. This study comprised of 20 mice that were given lime juice with various doses, namely 0, 1, 2, and 4 g / kg BW, with group 0 being the control group. Each treatment group consisted of 5 mice. The data obtained was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test. The results of this study indicated that the administration of honey in mice trial dose of 1 g / kg BW had the best effectiveness as an analgesic and stamina stimulator. It can be concluded that honey has the potential to be used as an analgesic and natural stamina stimulator.
Keyword: natural, analgesic, honey, mice, stamina

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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