Judul: Economic Loss Estimationes Due to COVID-19 on Geopark Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Tourism
Abstrak: World Health Organization (WHO) telah menetapkan status gawat darurat global untuk pandemi COVID-19. Berbagai macam kebijakan Pemerintah dikeluarkan, salah satunya yaitu penutupan aktivitas wisata. Salah satu lokasi wisata yang ditutup adalah Geopark Ciletuh Palabuhanratu. Kerugian ekonomi yang terjadi tidak hanya pada penerimaan pengelola tempat wisata, tetapi juga mempengaruhi pelaku usaha disekitar tempat wisata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) menghitung penurunan wisatawan akibat COVID-19 di Geopark Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu, (2) mengestimasi nilai kerugian ekonomi yang disebabkan COVID-19 terhadap pariwisata di Geopark Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu, (3) mengidentifikasi risiko akibat COVID-19 terhadap pariwisata Geopark Ciletuh- Palabuhanratu, (4) mengidentifikasi langkah dan strategi pengelola dalam upaya pemulihan pariwisata Geopark Ciletuh Palabuhanratu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode loss of earning, penilaian risiko (risk assessment), dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penurunan wisatawan mencapai 2.476.158 kunjungan atau 78,8 persen. Kerugian ekonomi di tempat wisata sebesar Rp 13,05 miliar, hotel/penginapan sebesar Rp 10,1 miliar, sedangkan restoran/rumah makan sebesar 16,3 miliar. Penilaian risiko COVID-19 pada sektor perhotelan/penginapan memiliki empat kelas risiko tinggi dengan mitigasi yang harus dilakukan pengelola risiko sebagian besar berhubungan dengan penerapan protokol kesehatan guna mengurangi penyebaran COVID-19 di lokasi. Langkah dan strategi pemulihan pariwisata yang direkomendasikan yaitu “Wisata Ramah COVID-19” dengan tujuan menciptakan destinasi wisata yang nyaman serta aman saat berwisata., The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a global emergency status for the COVID-19 pandemic. Various government policies have been issued, one of which is the closure of the tourism activities. On of the closed tourism destination is Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark tourism. Economic losses that occur not only in tourism manager income, but also affect the business actors around tourist attractions. The aim of this research are: (1) to calculate the decrease in tourist due to COVID-19 on Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark tourism, (2) to estimate the value of economic losses caused by COVID-19 to Geopark tourism in Ciletuh Palabuhanratu, (3) to identify risk due to COVID-19 on Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark tourism, (4) to identify management steps and strategies in efforts to recovery tourism in Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark. This research uses the Loss of Earning method, risk assessment, and descriptive analysis. The results of this research indicate that decrease in tourists by 2.476.158 visits or 78,8 percent. The economic losses in tourist attractions are IDR 13,05 billion, hotels are IDR 10,1 billion, while restaurants are IDR 16,3 billion. The COVID-19 risk assessment in the hotel sector has four high risk classes with the mitigation that should be done by risk managers, mostly related to the implementation of health protocols to reduce the spread of COVID-19 in locations. The recommended steps and strategies for tourism recoveries are “Wisata Ramah COVID-19” program with the aim of creating comfortable and safe tourist destinations while traveling.
Keyword: Loss of Earning, Risk Assessment, Tourism Decrease

Judul: Estimation of The Tourism Economic Loss in Puncak Tourism Area, Bogor Regency due to COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Sektor pariwisata Indonesia merupakan salah satu sektor yang cukup diminati oleh wisatawan, hal ini dapat dilihat dari jumlah kunjungan wisatawan pada tahun 2019 sebanyak 16.106.954 wisatawan. Salah satu kawasan wisata yang memiliki daya tarik wisata yang tinggi yaitu Kawasan Wisata Puncak yang terletak di Kabupaten Bogor. Pada awal tahun 2020, wabah Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) yang telah menjadi pandemi masuk ke Indonesia menyebabkan penurunan pada sektor pariwisata bukan hanya secara nasional, tetapi juga regional. Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar menyebabkan tempat wisata mengurangi kapasitas jumlah kunjungan wisatawan yang menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi pada pelaku usaha wisata di Kawasan Wisata Puncak. Berdasarkan permasalahan diatas, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengidentifikasi kebijakan pemerintah Kabupaten Bogor terkait Kawasan Wisata Puncak selama pandemi COVID-19, (2) Mengestimasi nilai kerugian ekonomi Kawasan Wisata Puncak selama pandemi COVID-19, (3) Menganalisis dampak risiko COVID-19 terhadap Kawasan Wisata Puncak di Kabupaten Bogor, (4) Mengidentifikasi implikasi kebijakan dalam upaya pemulihan Kawasan Wisata Puncak. Metode pengambilan sampel yaitu dengan teknik non-probability sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling dan metode analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, Loss of Earning, dan Risk Assessment. Estimasi nilai kerugian ekonomi pada sektor pariwisata di Kawasan Wisata Puncak sebesar Rp 326.717.060.000/tahun. Analisis dampak risiko COVID-19 menunjukkan bahwa kategori wisatawan tidak taat protokol kesehatan, resepsionis, dan pembatasan kapasitas hotel 50% berada pada kelas risiko tinggi. Implikasi kebijakan pemerintah terkait sektor pariwisata selama pandemi COVID-19 adalah memberikan keringanan pajak dan wajib vaksinasi kepada pelaku usaha wisata dan wisatawan., The tourism sector is one of the high demand sector in Indonesia, as seen by the number of tourist visits in 2019 reached 16,106,954 visitors. Puncak Tourism Area is one of the most favorite tourism area in Bogor Regency. The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, which has been turned into pandemic, struck in Indonesia in the beginning of 2020, causing a decrease in tourism not only nationally but also regionally. Tourist destinations limit the capacity of tourist visits as a result of large-scale social restrictions, leads to an economic losses for tourism sector in Puncak Tourism Area. The objectives of this research are (1) To identify the Bogor Regency government's policy regarding Puncak Tourism Area due to COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Estimate the economic losses suffered by tourism sector in Puncak Tourism Area due to COVID-19 pandemic. (3) Analyze the impact of COVID-19 risk on the Puncak Tourism Area in Bogor Regency (4) Identify policy implications in efforts to recover Puncak Tourism Area. The method used in this research are descriptive analysis, loss of earning, and risk assessment. The total value of economic losses experienced by tourism sector due to COVID-19 pandemic in Puncak Tourism Area is IDR 326.717.060.000. According to the COVID-19 risk impact analysis, visitors who do not obey health protocols, receptionists, and 50 percent hotel capacity restrictions are included to the high risk category. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, government policies involving the tourism sector have resulted in tax incentives and required vaccines for tourism businesses and tourists.
Keyword: loss, risk assessment, social restrictions

Judul: Konstruksi Kode Linear Biner Optimal Kuat Berjarak Minimum 13 Dan 15
Abstrak: A linear binary code of length n over is defined as subspace of . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d]-code. The main problem in algebra coding theory is optimizing one of parameters n, k and d. Given two that others were known. Based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d]-code is exist and the code can not be expanded, we call it strongly optimal code. In this thesis, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance of 13 and 15. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound, then we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 9 for d = 13 and d = 15.
Keyword: