Judul: The Effect of Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii on Mice's Memory Spatial, Behavior, and Aerobic Gut Bacteria
Abstrak: Saccharomyces boulardii can regulate intestinal microbiota homeostasis and secrete polyamines which play roles in proliferation, differentiation, cell growth, memory performance, and metabolism. This study aims to determine the effect of S.boulardii on mice’s aerobic gut bacteria, spatial memory, and behavior. 12 mice were used and divided into 4 groups, the control group and the treatment group S.boulardii 32.52 mg/kg BW (P1), 65mg/kg BW (P2), and 130 mg/kg BW (P3). The research methods used included material preparation, treatment, analysis quantitative of aerobic gut bacteria, behavioral analysis, spatial memory performance analysis, neurogenesis analysis in the hippocampus, and data analysis using ImageJ and ANOVA. Mice treated with S.boulardii for 31 days showed an increase in the abundance of aerobic and lactic acid bacteria and a decrease in E.coli in the digestive tract. In addition, the administration of S.boulardii had an effect on the learning and memory of mice. This was indicated by the increase in the number of NPC and granular cells and the decrease in apoptotic cells in the hippocampus. However, the administration of S.boulardii did not have an effect on reducing stress and anxiety. This can happen because stress and anxiety are influenced by environmental and social factors., Saccharomyces boulardii memiliki kemampuan untuk mengatur homeostasis mikrobiota usus, mensintesis dan mensekresi poliamina yang berperan dalam proliferasi sel, diferensiasi sel, pertumbuhan sel, kinerja memori, dan metabolisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh S.boulardii terhadap bakteri aerobik usus, memori spasial, dan perilaku mencit. Penelitian dilakukan pada 12 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan S.boulardii 32,52 mg/kg BB (P1), 65mg/kg BB (P2), dan 130 mg/kg BB (P3). Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi persiapan bahan, perlakuan, pengujian kuantitatif bakteri aerobik usus, analisis perilaku, analisis kinerja memori spasial, analisis neurogenesis di hipokampus, dan analisis data menggunakan ImageJ dan ANOVA. Mencit yang diberi perlakuan S.boulardii selama 31 hari menunjukkan peningkatan kelimpahan bakteri aerob dan asam laktat serta penurunan bakteri E.coli di saluran pencernaan. Selain itu, pemberian S.boulardii berpengaruh pada pembelajaran dan memori mencit. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan jumlah NPC dan sel granular serta penurunan sel apoptosis di hipokampus. Namun, pemberian S.boulardii tidak berpengaruh terhadap penurunan stres dan kecemasan. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena stres dan kecemasan dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan dan social.
Keyword: Anxiety, Gut microbiota brain axis, Gut microbiota, Neurogenesis, Probiotic

Judul: The Effect of Cow’s Milk Dadih-Fermented Food on Mice’s (Mus musculus) Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Behavior, and Gut- Bacterial Dynamics
Abstrak: The gut-brain axis, linking the enteric and central nervous systems, influences learning, cognition, mood, and mental well-being. Research on fermented dadih's impact on digestive health is extensive, but its effects on neurogenesis, behavior, and memory are less understood. This study aims to determine the effect of cow's milk dadih on mice's hippocampal neurogenesis, behavior, and gut bacteria. Twelve mice were divided into control, 30% dadih (FD1), and 60% dadih (FD2) groups. Methods included treatment, aerobic gut bacteria analysis, behavioral tests, spatial memory assessments, and neurogenesis analysis. After 31 days, dadih-treated mice showed a reduction in E. coli. Besides, dadih positively influenced learning, memory, hippocampal neurogenesis, and reduced anxiety-like behavior, indicated by increased NPCs and granular cells, and decreased apoptotic cells., Gut-brain axis menghubungkan sistem saraf enterik dan pusat serta memengaruhi pembelajaran, kognisi, suasana hati, dan kesejahteraan mental. Penelitian mengenai dampak makanan fermentasi dadih terhadap kesehatan pencernaan sudah banyak diteliti, tetapi dampaknya terhadap neurogenesis, perilaku, dan memori masih belum banyak dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dampak dadih susu sapi terhadap neurogenesis, perilaku, dan bakteri usus pada mencit. Sebanyak 12 ekor mencit dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu, kelompok kontrol, 30% dadih (FD1), dan 60% dadih (FD2). Metode penelitian ini meliputi pemberian perlakuan, analisis bakteri aerob usus, uji perilaku, memori spasial, dan analisis neurogenesis. Setelah 31 hari, mencit yang diberi perlakuan dadih menunjukkan adanya penurunan bakteri E. coli. Selain itu, dadih berpengaruh positif pada pembelajaran, memori, neurogenesis hpokampus, dan penurunan perilaku kecemasan, ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan NPC dan sel granular, serta penurunan sel apoptotis.
Keyword: Anxiety-like behavior, Fermented food, Gut microbiota brain-axis, Neurogenesis, Probiotic

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite