Judul: Penggunaan lumpur sawit kering dalam ransum sapi perah laktasi
Abstrak: Percobaan In Vitro dilakukan di Laboratorium Ruminologi Jurusan Ilmu Nutrisi & Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Terdapat 6 perlakuan dalam percobaan yaitu: 4 macam konsentrat yang mengandung 0, 10, 20 dan 30% POS dan 2 bahan makanan yaitu dedak padi dan lumpur sawit (POS). Metode yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini adalah Metode Tilley dan Terry (1966). Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecernaan bahan kering (KCBK) dan kecernaan bahan organik (KCBO) dari masing- masing bahan percobaan. Data KCBK dan KCBO yang didapat dianalisis dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok …dst
Keyword: Dairy cattle, Cattle feeding, Palm kernel cake, Palm press fiber, Palm oil sludge

Judul: Pemanfaatan Limbah Batang Kelapa Sawit sebagai Pakan Sapi Perah Laktasi Secara in vitro.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan limbah batang kelapa sawit sebagai pakan sapi perah laktasi secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kelompok. Perlakuan yang digunakan terdiri dari P0 (ransum kontrol), P1 (ransum kontrol dengan penambahan 12.5% tepung batang kelapa sawit), P2 (ransum kontrol dengan penambahan 25% tepung batang kelapa sawit), P3 (ransum dengan hijauan dan konsentrat komersial). Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah derajat keasaman (pH) dalam rumen, koefisien cerna bahan kering, koefisien cerna bahan organik, konsentrasi NH3, serta konsentrasi VFA total. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan limbah batang kelapa sawit 25% kedalam ransum meningkatkan dengan nyata 10.47% KCBK, 10.91% KCBO, 41.73% konsentrasi NH3, dan 4.96% konsentrasi VFA total yang diukur (P<0.05), kecuali derajat keasaman (pH) di dalam rumen. Hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa limbah batang kelapa sawit dapat digunakan sampai 25% didalam ransum sapi perah laktasi
Keyword: fermentasi, in vitro, kecernaan, limbah batang kelapa sawit

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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