Judul: Resistensi Campylobacter Jejuni Isolat Lokal terhadap Lima Jenis Antimikroba Secara In Vitro dan In Vivo
Abstrak: Campylobacter jejuni is one of the foodborne zoonotic pathogens that cause gastroenteritis in humans. Many reports from different countries showed that Campylobacter jejuni was resistant to some antimicrobial such as erytromycin, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. The objective of this research were 1) to find the resistance of local isolates of Campylobacter jejuni (Demak and Kudus) against five types of antimicrobials: amoxicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erytromycin, and ciprofloxacin, 2) to get the type and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to inhibit Campylobacter jejuni infection and 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of five types of antimicrobials (amoxicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erytromycin, and ciprofloxacin) for the treatment of Campylobacter jejuni infection. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from chicken meat that sold in the traditional markets and supermarkets. Resistance test was performed using disc diffusion method and broth dilution method. The result of disc diffusion method test showed that Demak isolates were resistant to two types of antimicrobials; ciprofloxacin (9 mm) and tetracycline (12,2 mm), while the Kudus isolates were sensitive to four types of antimicrobials. The results of broth dilution method test showed that Demak isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (5 μg/ml) and tetracycline (20 μg/ml), while the Kudus isolates were sensitive to five types of antimicrobials. To evaluate the effectiveness of five types of antimicrobials for the treatment of Campylobacter jejuni infection, chickens were infected orally with Campylobacter jejuni (104 CFU) and then treated with five antimicrobials in each group. The result showed that generally the use of antimicrobials in treated groups could maintain the body weight compared to the untreated groups. It could be concluded that the local isolates of Campylobacter jejuni were resistant to antimicrobials; nevertheless infected chicken could still be treated effectively with antimicrobials.
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Judul: Resistensi Campylobacter sp. Asal Kulit Ayam Terhadap Antibiotik.
Abstrak: Daging ayam mudah terkontaminasi mikrob, salah satunya yaitu Campylobacter sp. Campylobacter sp. dapat menyebabkan penyakit pada manusia, yaitu campylobacteriosis. Pengobatan campylobacteriosis dilakukan menggunakan antibiotik golongan fluoroquinolone dan makrolida, namun Campylobacter sp. sudah resisten terhadap antibiotik tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat resistensi Campylobacter sp. yang diisolasi dari kulit ayam terhadap beberapa jenis antibiotik yang digunakan di peternakan. Pengujian resistensi antibiotik dilakukan menggunakan metode Alfred and Kirby Bauer dengan mengukur diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk di sekeliling cakram antibiotik. Antibiotik yang digunakan adalah ceftazidime, cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, kanamycin, ampicillin, dan amoxicillin. Hasil uji menunjukkan dari 21 isolat Campylobacter jejuni dan Campylobacter sp. resisten terhadap ceftazidime 66.7%, cefotaxime 85.7%, nalidixic acid 57.2%, cotrimoxazole 76.2%, tetracycline 66.7%, kanamycin 66.7%, ampicillin 76.2%, dan amoxicillin 66.7%. Hasil uji resistensi menunjukkan bahwa 19 dari 21 isolat Campylobacter sp. memiliki sifat multi drug resistance (MDR). Tingkat resistensi Campylobacter sp. terhadap antibiotik menunjukkan hasil yang tinggi terhadap hampir seluruh antibiotik, hal ini disebabkan penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat di peternakan, tentu hal ini akan berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan hewan dan manusia.
Keyword: antibiotik, Campylobacter sp., kulit ayam, resistensi

Judul: berjudul Pelabelan Prima pada Graf Gurita (On) dengan Penambahan Simpul Duplikasi.
Abstrak: Setiap graf gurita adalah graf prima sedemikian sehingga pelabelan simpul pada graf gurita merupakan pelabelan simpul pada graf prima. Suatu Graf ( ( ) ( )) dapat dikatakan memiliki pelabelan simpul pada graf prima jika graf tersebut memenuhi fungsi bijektif ( ) { } dan untuk setiap sisi ( ( ) ( )) . Dalam karya ilmiah ini, akan ditunjukkan bahwa graf gurita memiliki pelabelan prima dan merumuskan graf gurita duplikasi dengan penambahan simpul dari simpul graf kipas ( ) graf gurita ( ), graf bintang ( ) graf gurita ( ), dan simpul utama pada graf gurita ( ) adalah graf prima dengan
Keyword: graf gurita, graf prima, pelabelan prima, penambahan simpul