Judul: Perilaku berkubang dan tipologi kubangan badak Jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus) di Taman Nasioanal Ujung Kulon
Abstrak: Badak jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus, Desmarest 1822) merupakan salah satu satwa langka yang saat ini keberadaannya hanya terdapat di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon (TNUK) khususnya di wilayah Semenanjung Ujung Kulon. Sejak tahun 1967, TNUK sebagai pengelola kawasan telah melakukan inventarisasi populasi badak jawa dengan menggunakan metode penghitungan jejak di dalam transek. Hasil populasi yang didapatkan masih berupa perkiraan populasi. Pendekatan metode baru perlu dilakukan untuk menduga populasi badak jawa yang sebenarnya. Berkubang merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok bagi badak jawa. Dalam satu hari badak jawa minimal berkubang satu kali. Oleh karena itu, kubangan sebagai tempat berkubang diduga merupakan media untuk pengamatan badak jawa secara langsung. Perilaku berkubang dan karakteristik kubangan badak jawa perlu diketahui untuk menentukan lokasi dan waktu pengamatan yang tepat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk:1) mengetahui aspek perilaku berkubang badak jawa, 2) mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor dominan karakteristik kubangan yang dimanfaatkan badak jawa di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon dan 3) mendeskripsikan tipologi kubangan badak jawa di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Seksi Pengelolaan Taman Nasional Wilayah II Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, Pandeglang-Banten. Peralatan dan Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas: Peta Digital Kawasan TNUK, GPS, kamera foto digital, jam tangan, alat tulis, termohigrometer, pH meter untuk tanah, pH indikator, mistar ukur, dan pita meter. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengamatan langsung dilapangan, pengamatan video rekaman badak jawa di kubangan dan studi literatur. Badak jawa memiliki preferensi waktu dalam berkubang yaitu sore - malam (97.5%) dan pagi (2.5%) dengan lama berkubang sekitar 181 detik atau 3 menit durasi video. Frekuensi aktivitas yang paling sering dilakukan berturut-turut adalah berbaring (38.74%), berendam (24.32%) dan berdiri (25.26%). Badak jawa jantan menyukai berkubang pada sore hari (51.35%) dibandingkan malam (45.95%) dan pagi (2.70%) dengan lama waktu berkubang 118 detik atau 1.97 menit durasi video. Aktivitas terbanyak yang dilakukan adalah berendam (40.86%). Badak jawa induk dan anak lebih menyukai berkubang pada sore hari (66.67%) dibanding pagi hari (33.33%) dengan lama berkubang 7.75 detik durasi video. Aktivitas yang paling banyak dilakukan adalah berdiri (45.45%).....dst
Keyword: behavior, javan rhino, wallowing, wallow, Ujung Kulon National Park

Judul: Perilaku berkubang badak jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus) di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon
Abstrak: As one of the very rare and critically endangered species, Javan rhinoceros currently has a population of around 40-50 heads and can only be found in Ujung Kulon National Park. However, these numbers are still questionable due to the lack of description provided by the existing methods in estimating the entire population of Javan rhinoceros in the Ujung Kulon peninsula. The Javan rhinoceros timid nature, high alertness, and tendency to avoid direct contact with human and other wildlife are the factors that complicate the estimation of population. These factors make the Javan rhinoceros difficult to find and to track. Therefore, it is necessary to use methods that can describe the entire population of Javan rhinoceros and minimize the possibility of double counting without the need of direct encounters with the species. One method that can be used is the video trap data analysis method. The objective of this research was to obtain information on the time and duration of Javan rhinoceros wallowing activities, the patterns and mechanisms of Javan rhinoceros wallowing activities, and the types of activity of Javan rhinoceros during wallowing. The results of this study is expected to become useful as basic information and reference to the inventory of Javan rhinoceros population by using Javan rhinoceros wallows as points of observation. Javan rhinoceros tend to wallow in the day which is indicated by each of the video clips, where 58.33% of the wallowing takes place during the day while 41.67% at night. The longest duration of the adult male wallowing activity takes place at night with a percentage of 33,11%, while the mother and the young males tend to wallow during the day with percentage of 38,41% and 28,97%. The activity during wallowing with the longest duration is resting with a percentage of 45.96% for adult males, while the activity with the shortest duration is slow running with the duration of 7 seconds for young males with a percentage of 0.9% of the time. The most varied of activities during wallowing was noticed for male adults which tend to wallow at nigt, while the longest duration of varied activities during wallowing in the day was noticed for young males and their mothers. From the 5 types of Javan rhinoceros behavior analyzed, resting activitiy during wallowing was the behavior with the highest frequency and percentage (14 times; 29.17%) for adult males, while the behavior with the smallest frequency and percentage was social behavior such as slow running activity (young males) and horn scraping activity (females) with a frequency of 1 time and the percentage of 2.08%.
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Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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