Judul: Socio-Economic and Environmental Factors Affecting Selling System and Its Influence on the Income of Shallot Farmers
Abstrak: Pada kegiatan penjualan, petani dihadapkan pada dua alternatif keputusan sistem jual yaitu tebasan dan non tebasan. Kedua alternatif memiliki dampak positif dan negatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis faktor sosial ekonomi dan lingkungan yang memengaruhi keputusan sistem jual dan menganalisis pengaruh sistem jual terhadap pendapatan petani bawang merah di Jawa Tengah. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari Sensus Pertanian 2013: Survei Rumah Tangga Usaha Tanaman Hortikultura Tahun 2014. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif, regresi logistik, analisis pendapatan, serta uji propensity score pada usahatani bawang merah dengan dua sistem jual. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan sistem jual secara signifikan yaitu variabel sewa lahan, serangan OPT, konsumsi, sumber benih, kelompok tani, dan koperasi. Rata-rata penerimaan, biaya, dan pendapatan sistem tebasan lebih besar dibandingkan sistem non tebasan. Setelah pencocokan pendapatan dan penerimaan berbeda signifikan, sedangkan struktur biaya tidak berbeda signifikan di kedua sistem jual. Pada kegiatan tebasan petani menerapkan konsep lindung nilai dengan perdagangan berjangka, In selling activities of shallot, farmers are faced with two alternative selling system decisions, namely tebasan and non-tebasan. Both alternatives have positive and negative impacts. The purpose of this study is to analyze socio-economic and environmental factors that influence the decision of the selling system and analyze the effect of the selling system on shallot farming income in Central Java. The data used is secondary data from the 2013 Agricultural Census: Horticultural Crop Household Survey 2014. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis, logistic regression, income analysis, and propensity score test on shallot farming with two selling systems. The results of the study showed that factors that significantly influence selling system decisions are land rent, pest attack, consumption, seed sources, farmer groups, and cooperatives. The average revenue, cost, and income of tebasan systems is greater than that of non-tebasan systems. After matching, income and revenue differ significantly, while the cost structure is not significantly different between the two selling systems. In the tebasan system, farmers apply the concept of hedging with futures trading.
Keyword: shallots, hedging, income, socio-economic factors, tebasan

Judul: Shallot Farming Income in Three Production Centers in Indonesia: A Comparative Analysis
Abstrak: Bawang merah merupakan tanaman sayuran jenis umbi-umbian semusim dengan tingkat produksi dan konsumsi yang relatif tinggi dalam lima tahun terakhir. Tiga daerah sentra penghasil bawang merah di Indonesia yaitu Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur dan Nusa Tenggara Barat. Harga komoditas yang berfluktuatif dan kondisi agroklimat yang berbeda memengaruhi struktur biaya dan pendapatan usahatani bawang merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik petani, struktur biaya, penerimaan, pendapatan dan balas jasa usahatani bawang merah di ketiga daerah sentra produksi. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan jumlah sampel petani bawang merah sebanyak 1.092 petani. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis struktur biaya, penerimaan, pendapatan, R/C rasio, return to total capital, return to farm equity capital dan return to land. Hasil analisis menunjukkan rata-rata pendapatan usahatani bawang merah di ketiga daerah sentra bernilai positif dan nilai R/C rasio lebih besar dari satu yang menunjukkan usahatani layak untuk diusahakan. Begitu juga dengan hasil analisis return to total capital, return to farm equity capital dan return to land menunjukkan bahwa usahatani bawang merah di ketiga daerah sentra menguntungkan., Shallot are an annual root vegetable crop with relatively high production and consumption levels in the last five years. The three shallot producing centers in Indonesia are Central Java, East Java and West Nusa Tenggara. Fluctuating commodity prices and different agro-climatic conditions affect the cost structure and income of shallot farming. This study aims to determine the characteristics of farmers, cost structure, revenue, income and compensation for shallot farming in the three production centers. The data used is secondary data with a sample of 1,092 shallot farmers. The analytical method used is the analysis of the cost structure, revenue, income, R/C ratio, return to total capital, return to farm equity capital and return to land. The results of the analysis show that the average income of shallot farming in the three regional centers is positive and the R/C ratio is greater than one which indicates farming is feasible. Likewise, the results of the analysis of return to total capital, return to farm equity capital and return to land show that shallot farming in the three regional centers is profitable.
Keyword: shallot, central area, income, comparison

Judul: Pemurnian Rekombinan Eritropoietin Manusia (rhEPO) Menggunakan Kromatografi Afinitas Ni-NTA dan Co-Talon
Abstrak: Suitable and efficient techniques for purification of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) are required to obtain pure rhEPO which can be continued to preclinical trials step. One of these techniques is immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), which has advantages such as high selectivity, easy to elute, and simple procedure for column regeneration. At least, there are 2 kinds of commercial IMAC resin using nitriloacetic acid (NTA) matrix as chelating agent, namely nickel-based (Ni-NTA) and cobalt-based IMAC resin (Co-NTA), the latter is well known as Talon. This research studied the influence of metal ions Ni2+ and Co2+ in rhEPO purification. The results indicated that Ni- NTA had higher affinity in binding rhEPO protein compared with Co-Talon. Average total protein by Ni-NTA was 226.72 μg/mL and Co-Talon was 60.52 μg/mL, but the protein purity with Co-Talon was better than Ni-NTA. Base on protein yield that can be separated, Ni-NTA is more suitable to obtain high yield of rhEPO protein.
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