Judul: Pembuatan Tapioka Asam dengan Fermentasi Spontan
Abstrak: Sour cassava starch is a modified starch produced by spontaneous fermentation of native cassava starch. The objectives of this research were to study the production process of sour cassava starch and investigate the effect of spontaneous fermentation to quality, physicochemical and functional properties of sour cassava starch. Sour cassava starch was prepared by spontaneous fermentation with variation of fermentation time (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed for analyzed the result obtained from three replications. The result indicated that during spontaneous fermentation, sour cassava starch is dominated by lactic acid bacteria among other bacteria. High amount of organic acid made the environment become acid, and so pH value becomed low, and it effected to suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Growth of the yeast also occurred during fermentation process after ten days. Sour cassava starch has an unique characteristic. It has better expanding capability when toasted (1.18-1.28 ml/g) compared to native cassava starch (1.15 ml/g). Structure of amorphous region in granules of cassava starch ruptured during fermentation so that the value of clarity (51.13-61.88%T), solubility at 70°C (33.88-50.56%) and swelling power at 70°C (0.85-1.71%) increase compared to native cassava starch (45.97%T); (21.18%); and (0.45%) recpectively.
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Judul: Pembuatan Tapioka Asam dengan Penambahan Starter Cair Bakteri Asam Laktat Indigenous
Abstrak: Sour cassava starch is a modified cassava starch produced through submerged fermentation for several weeks followed by sun drying. Lactic acid bacteria is the dominant microorganism and has important role in the fermentation process. The use of indigenous LAB isolate as starter is expected to shorten the fermentation time and maintain its quality. The purposes of this research were to prepare a liquid starter of lactic acid bacteria for the fermentation process, investigate the effect of liquid starter in accelerating the fermentation process and investigate the effect of fermentation time (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days) to quality and functional properties of sour cassava starch. A randomized block design was used with fermentation time factor. The addition of liquid starter could accelerate the fermentation process to only 15 days, with the highest expanding capability. Acidifying of cassava starch led to an increase in peak viscosity, but decrease final viscosity of the paste. Acid accumulation could suppress undesirable microorganisms growth, so that it can extend the shelf life of the products.
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Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan