Judul: Analisis pendapatan peternak plasma ayam broiler pada sistem bagi hasil dan sistem kontrak (studi kasus peternak plasma Cipinang farm kabupaten Bandung)
Abstrak: The aim of this research were: (1) to analyze the partnership mechanism between Cipinang farm and plasma breeders, (2) to describe broiler management of plasma breeders, (3) to analyze the plasma breeders component of cost and revenue (4) to calculate income and R/C ratio value which received by plasma breeders.
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Judul: Analisis kelayakan finansial peternak plasma ayam broiler pola kemitraan inti-plasma cikahuripan ps, Kabupaten Ciamis
Abstrak: Cikahuripan PS merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang telah lama bergerak dalam pola kemitraan dengan jumlah peternak plasma yang cukup banyak di Kabupaten Ciamis. Sebagai salah satu perusahaan terbesar yang melakukan kemitraan dengan peternak plasma di Kabupaten Ciamis adalah Cikahuripan PS berskala 90.000 ekor per 1 kali panen. Perusahaan ini telah lama melakukan kemitraan dengan peternak plasma yang telah mengalami gulung tikar, karena terus menerus mengalami kerugian dalam budidaya dan rendahnya pemilikan atau skala usaha 2.000 ekor/skala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana mekanisme pola kemitraan yang dijalankan Cikahuripan PS dengan peternak plasmanya, mempelajari karakteristik peternak plasma dan menghitung besarnya pendapatan peternak plasma berdasarkan skala usaha. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap peternak plasma ayam broiler di Desa Sindangsari, Kecamatan Cikoneng, Kabupaten Ciamis yang bermitra dengan Cikahuripan PS. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan peternak plasma dengan bantuan kuesioner dan wawancara dengan pihak inti untuk mengetahui mekanisme pola kemitraan yang dijalankan. Data sekunder diperoleh melalui pihak inti dan peternak plasma, serta literatur yang relevan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan Analisis Pendapatan, yaitu hasil pengurangan penerimaan dengan biaya total. Penerimaan adalah total output yang diperoleh dari hasil kali penjualan ayam hidup (dalam kg) dengan satuan harga yang berlaku ditambah dengan adanya penerimaan tambahan dari penjualan kotoran ternak dan penjualan karung, serta menggunakan Analisis Imbangan Penerimaan dan Biaya (R/C Ratio). Hasil analisis menyatakan bahwa besarnya keuntungan yang diterima peternak plasma berfluktuasi pada setiap bulan produksinya (tergantung skala usaha dan kondisi pasar). Keuntungan tertinggi diperoleh peternak plasma yang berproduksi pada bulan September-Oktober, yaitu Rp. 3.092,82/ekor. Peternak plasma yang berproduksi pada bulan Desember- Januari mengalami kerugian Rp. (-)696,79/ekor, dikarenakan harga jual ayam hasil panen turun Rp. 9.718,75/ekor dan menurunnya permintaan masyarakat akan ayam broiler.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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