Judul: The Effect of Non-Tariff Measures on Indonesian Cinnamon Exports to Major Destination Countries
Abstrak: Kebijakan non-tarif yang paling banyak diberlakukan untuk produk pertanian yaitu Sanitary and Phytosanitary dan Technical Barriers to Trade. Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil kayu manis terbesar di dunia, permintaan terhadap rempah-rempah diperkirakan akan terus meningkat sehingga kayu manis menjadi salah satu komoditas pertanian ekspor yang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan. Kebijakan non-tarif yang diberlakukan oleh negara tujuan perlu diperhatikan karena dapat memengaruhi ekspor kayu manis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemberlakuan kebijakan non-tarif oleh negara tujuan dan menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan non-tarif terhadap ekspor kayu manis Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan Inventory dan analisis regresi data panel tahun 2006-2019 ke sepuluh negara tujuan yaitu Amerika Serikat, Belanda, Vietnam, Brazil, Thailand, India, jerman, Malaysia, Prancis dan Kanada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kanada merupakan negara yang paling banyak menerapkan kebijakan non-tarif terutama kebijakan SPS sebanyak 362 kebijakan, sedangkan kebijakan TBT paling banyak diterapkan oleh Amerika Serikat sebanyak 87 kebijakan. Kebijakan SPS berpengaruh positif terhadap ekspor kayu manis, sedangkan kebijakan TBT berpengaruh negatif. GDP per kapita negara tujuan dan nilai tukar riil berpengaruh positif terhadap ekspor kayu manis, sedangkan harga ekspor kayu manis berpengaruh negatif. Harga impor pala dan populasi negara tujuan tidak berpengaruh terhadap ekspor kayu manis., Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) are the most commonly used non-tariff measures for agricultural products. Indonesia is the world's largest cinnamon producer, the demand for spices is predicted to continue to rise. Non-tariff measures may have an impact on cinnamon exports. The aim of this study is to describe how destination countries implement non-tariff measures and to analyse the effects of non-tariff measures on Indonesian cinnamon exports. This study used a descriptive analysis method based on the Inventory approach and panel data regression analysis for 10 destination countries: the United States, the Netherlands, Vietnam, Brazil, Thailand, India, Germany, Malaysia, France, and Canada from 2006 to 2019. The results showed that Canada implemented the most non-tariff measures especially the SPS policy with 362 policies, while the TBT policy was mostly implemented by the United States with 87 policies. The SPS policy has a positive effect on cinnamon exports, while the TBT policy has a negative effect. GDP per capita and the real exchange rate have a positive effect, while export prices have a negative effect. The import price of nutmeg and the population of the destination country have no effect on cinnamon exports.
Keyword: Cinnamon, export, non-tariff measures, panel data

Judul: Analysis of Indonesian Cinnamon Export Competitiveness in the International Market Period 2017 - 2021
Abstrak: Berdasarkan TradeMap (2022), pada periode 2017 – 2021 Indonesia adalah negara pengekspor kayu manis terbesar ke-4 di dunia. Untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kinerja ekspor kayu manis Indonesia perlu diketahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai ekspor kayu manis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing komparatif maupun kompetitif serta faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekspor kayu manis periode 2017 – 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga metode perhitungan yaitu Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP), dan Constant Market Share (CMS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspor kayu manis memiliki keunggulan komparatif yang kuat pada ketiga jenis kode HS. Selain itu, hasil perhitungan keunggulan kompetitif pada kode HS 090619 dan kode HS 090620 berada pada tahap kematangan. Sedangkan kode HS 090611 berada pada tahap pertumbuhan. Faktor yang memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekspor kayu manis Indonesia yaitu pertumbuhan standar dan distribusi pasar sedangkan faktor daya saing dan komposisi komoditas bernilai negatif., Based on TradeMap (2022), in the period 2017 – 2021 Indonesia is the 4th largest cinnamon exporting country in the world. To maintain and improve the performance of Indonesian cinnamon exports, it is necessary to know the factors that affect the value of cinnamon exports. This study aims to analyze comparative and competitive competitiveness as well as what factors affect the growth of cinnamon exports for the period 2017 – 2021. This study uses three calculation methods, namely Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Trade Specialization Index (ISP), and Constant Market Shares (CMS). The results showed that the export of cinnamon has a strong comparative advantage in the three types of HS codes. In addition, the calculation results of competitive advantage on HS code 090619 and HS code 090620 are in the maturity stage. While the HS code 090611 is in the growth stage. Factors that have a positive influence on the growth of Indonesian cinnamon exports are standard growth and market distribution, while competitiveness and commodity composition are negative.
Keyword: Daya saing, Kayu manis

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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