Judul: Population of endemic fish butini (Glossogobius matanensis) in Towuti Lake, South Sulawesi
Abstrak: Butini (Glossogobius matanensis) is one of the endemic fish biodiversity in Towuti lake. This fish has been consumed and has an important economic value. Due to intensive exploitation the populations tend to decrease and therefore should be protected based on low genetic diversity, low growth rate and late gonadal maturation stage (GMS). This study was to analyze genetic diversity, several population parameters and aspects of reproduction. This research was conducted from may 2006 to April 2007 in Towuti lake using long line/salue based on depth of water (25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 metre). The butini were distributed at various depth and most found at 100 metre deep. Statistical analysis between population showed no significant different within zonation and depth either morphometric or molecular data. Structure population based on length frequency data divided into 3 groups of length : 28.08, 34.12, and 40.45 cm which are appeared both in male and female groups. Another parameters are L􀂒 = 46.62 cm and growth coefficient (K) = 1.200 per year. The predicted maximum ages of male and female fish were 5 and 6 years old respectively. It was calculated the total exploitation rate (E) was 0.52 per year and recruitment in this fish occurred in November to January. Total butini caught was 2195 fish consisted of 1401 male and 794 female. From total male there were 1119 (50.98 %) immatured and 282 (12.80 %) matured. On the other hand from 794 female there were 494 (22.51 %) immatured and the rest 300 fish (13.67) matured. Observation of GMS resulted that GMS I and II were found in most of the samples, it is indicated that the fish caught during the research mostly young fish. Gonado Somato Index of samples was 0.55 %. To prevent the decreasing populations of endemic fish butini, some regulations such as limitation time of fish catch during spawning season in October.
Keyword: Gonadal Maturation Stage (GMS), North Sulawesi, Endemic Fish Biodiversity

Judul: Beberapa aspek biologi reproduksi ikan butini glossogobius matanensis weber di Danau Towuti, Kabupaten Luwu Utara, Sulawesi Selatan
Abstrak: Ikan butini Glossogobius matanensis merupakan salah satu spesies endemik yang di Danau Towuti. Aspek reproduksi merupakan informasi dasar yang penting bagi pengelolaan populasi alami dan budidaya bagi ikan butini. Beberapa informasi penting yang dipelajari dalam aspek biologi reproduksi ikan antara lain adalah fekunditas, perkembangan gonad dan musim pemijahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui beberapa aspek biologi reproduksi ikan butini (IKG, TKG, fekunditas dan musim pemijahan) sebagai informasi dasar bagi pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan butini di Danau Towuti, Kabupaten Luwu Utara, Sulawesi Selatan. Informasi tersebut diharapkan dapat dijadikan dasar dalam budidaya dan upaya melestarikannya khususnya di Danau Towuti, Kabupaten Luwu Utara, Sulawesi Selatan. Pengambilan ikan contoh dilakukan pada bulan maret 2002 sampai April 2003. Ikan contoh diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan dengan menggunakan alat tangkap gill net dengan ukuran mata jaring %, 1, 1% dan 1. Ikan-ikan tersebut dimasukkan ke dalam kantung plastik lalu diberi larutan formalin 10%. Ikan contoh yang telah dibawa ke laboratorium diukur panjang totalnya dengan ketelitian 1 mm. Dan berat totalnya ditimbang dengan menggunakan timbangan O-haus berkapasitas 311 gram dengan ketelitian 0,01 gram. Analisa data dilakukan terhadap: frekuensi ukuran panjang; hubungan panjang dan bera; nisbah kelamin dengan membandingkan ikan jantan dan ikan betina; penentuan TKG secara morfologis dan histologis; penentuan IKG dengan membandingkan persentase berat gonad dan berat tubuh total. Fekunditas diukur dengan menghitung telur yang sudah matang gonad dengan menggunakan metode gravimetrik. Diameter telur diukur dengan mengambil bagian anterior, median dan posterior kemudian diukur diameter telur menggunakan mikrometer okuler yang telah ditera dengan mikrometer obyektif.
Keyword: glossogobius matanensis weber, butini fish, Lake Towuti

Judul: Orbit elektron dan probabilitas level energi sistem chaotic atom hidrogen
Abstrak: a. Mendapatkan orbit elektron sistem chaotic atom hidrogen (dalam koordinat semiparabolik). b. Mendapatkan probabilitas dua level energi yang berdekatan dari sistem chaotic atom hidrogen.
Keyword: Atom, Orbit Elektron