Judul: Nilai Ekonomi Konflik Manusia dan Gajah (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck, 1847) di Desa Lubuk Kembang Bunga, Kecamatan Ukui, Kabupaten Pelalawan, Provinsi Riau.
Abstrak: The utilization of elephant movement area by humans, causing competition space which triggered the conflict between humans and elephants, as in Lubuk Kembang Bunga Village, which surround the Tesso Nilo National Park (TNTN). Agricultural land and residential communities occupying territory cruise line movement, which periodically and traditionally traveled by elephant, and does not change despite the changing shape of the region. Human and elephant conflicts have a negative effect, either in the form of an elephant population decline in its natural habitat, or loss of material, moral and body physical damage the human being. The rate of deforestation which increases in the Tesso Nilo Forest, causing increased frequency of human and elephant conflicts in Lubuk Kembang Bunga Village. Loss of society increased thus increasing the public's reaction to face of conflict. Such conditions need to calculate the economic value due to human elephant conflicts as part of the consideration to obtain the conflict resolution efforts. This study aims to find out socio-economic condition of the community, identify the elephant entered the village area, identify the type and value of the damage and calculate the economic value of human loss due to human and elephant conflicts in Lubuk Kembang Bunga Village. A study was conducted in July - August 2009 in Lubuk Kembang Bunga Village, Ukui Subdistrict, Pelalawan District, Riau Province. Object of research is public, elephants, Flying Squad Team, and agricultural land affected. Data collected through the literature study, interviews and field observations. Method of calculating the economic value of human and elephant conflicts using the lost revenue approach (cost of time), medical expenses (cost of illness), the cost of building repairs, the cost to evacuate, the cost of agricultural production, and control costs of conflict. The results showed a change in farming patterns in Lubuk Kembang Bunga Village which triggered human and elephant conflicts. The conflict occurred in the community farm, which occupies the movement path of elephants roaming the area and adjacent to the forest (TNTN), the exit of elephants, and the river which is used by elephants to meet their needs. Location of agricultural land is located in Kampung Baru, Perbekalan, Simpang Jengkol, RAPP Street/Elang Mass and Jalan Pemda. Group of elephants which is entered the farm community in Lubuk Kembang Bunga Village is a group of elephants which are in the Southern part of Tesso Nilo Forest. This consisting of a single elephant and the elephant group. The entry of elephant society into agricultural land caused damage to agricultural commodities, such as oil palm, rubber, bananas, and cassava, as well as damage to the cottage work. The results of the calculation of damages obtained value of Rp.52,082,197.64. The efforts to control the conflict by the community, such as take care and control of the garden, creating a barrier, and expulsion. Meanwhile, the efforts made by Team Flying Squad such as patrol area, expulsion, and the convoy of wild elephants. The efforts to control this conflicts able to reduce losses of Rp. 14,648,118.09 only. This value is not comparable with costs to control the conflict, which amounted to Rp.
Keyword: 

Judul: Factors Affecting Movement Pattern of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Air Rami Production Forest, Bengkulu
Abstrak: Penurunan luas dan kualitas habitat alami gajah merupakan faktor pemicu konflik gajah-manusia dan mengakibatkan penurunan populasi gajah. Penelitian terkait faktor pergerakan dan habitat yang menentukan pergerakan gajah penting untuk memperoleh informasi yang dapat dijadikan dasar pengelolaan dan mitigasi konflik dalam jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik lintasan harian gajah sumatra di HP Air Rami, Bengkulu serta menganalisis hubungan panjang lintasan harian dan lama penggunaan lintasan harian gajah sumatera dengan faktor-faktor habitat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Hutan Produksi Air Rami sejak bulan Mei-Juni 2023. Data GPS Collar yang digunakan merupakan hasil rekaman dari November 2020 hingga Agustus 2022. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda dengan peubah yang diuji meliputi tutupan lahan, ketinggian tempat, kelerengan, jarak dari sumber air, pemukiman, jalan, dan panjang/lama penggunaan lintasan. Lintasan harian gajah sumatra di HP Air Rami Bengkulu sangat bervariasi menurut ukuran panjang dan waktu dengan bentuk lintasan yang paling tinggi adalah zig-zag. Lintasan harian didominasi oleh karakteristik habitat berupa hutan sekunder, ketinggian 241-320 mdpl, kelerengan datar (0-8%), jarak 0-450 m dari sumber air, jarak 6-8 km dari permukiman, dan jarak 0-400 dari jalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tutupan lahan hutan sekunder, kelerengan, jarak dari sumber air, jarak dari pemukiman, jarak dari jalan, dan lama penggunaan lintasan memengaruhi panjang lintasan harian gajah. Sementara itu, hubungan antara lama penggunaan lintasan hanya dipengaruhi oleh kelerengan, jarak dari pemukiman, jarak dari jalan, dan panjang lintasan harian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua peubah uji menunjukkan hubungan, akan tetapi terlihat bahwa pergerakan gajah sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan pakan dan aktivitas manusia., The decline in the quality and quantity of elephant natural habitat is a trigger factor for elephant-human conflict and results in a decrease in the elephant population. Research related to movement and habitat factors determining elephant movement is important to obtain information that can be used as a basis for conflict management and mitigation in the long term. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the daily movement pattern of sumatran elephants in Air Rami Production Forest and investigate the relationship between the sumatran elephant’s daily movement distance and movement time period with habitat factors. This research was carried out in Air Rami Production Forest from May-June 2023. The GPS Collar data used was the result of recordings from November 2020 to August 2022. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple regression analysis with variables tested including land cover, altitude, slope, distance from water sources, settlements, roads, and daily movement distance/movement time period. The daily movement pattern of sumatran elephants at HP Air Rami Bengkulu varies greatly according to length and time with the highest movement shape is zigzag. Daily movement pattern is dominated by habitat characteristics in the form of secondary forest, altitude 241-320 masl, flat slopes (0-8%), distance 0-450 m from water sources, distance 6-8 km from settlements, and distance 0-400 from roads. The results showed that secondary forest land cover, slopes, distance from water sources, distance from settlements, distance from roads, and movement time period influence the elephant's daily movement distance. Meanwhile, the relationship between the movement time period is only influenced
Keyword: habitat factor, movement distance, movement time period, relationship, sumatran elephant

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
Keyword: