Judul: Perkembangan program fortifikasi pangan dan identifikasi pangan yang difortifikasi
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari perkembangan fortifikasi pangan global dan Indonesia, serta identifikasi pangan yang telah difortifikasi sampai akhir tahun 2012. Sejak awal abad 20, program fortifikasi pangan telah digunakan sebagai strategi mengatasi kekurangan zat gizi mikro. Metode yang digunakan berupa kajian pustaka dan survei produk pangan yang difortifikasi diberbagai jenis pasar di Bogor. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan fortifikasi pangan di dunia telah dimulai sejak tahun 1920 dan terus mengalami perkembangan mengikuti masalah kekurangan zat gizi mikro. Sejalan dengan perkembangan teknologi pangan, ilmu pertanian dan teknologi juga menunjukkan kemajuan yang positif dalam mendukung penghapusan defisiensi zat gizi mikro melalui biofortifikasi. Dari hasil survey di pasar modern dan pasar tradisional Bogor ditemukan bahwa terdapat 227 produk yang telah difortifikasi, diantaranya garam dan tepung terigu termasuk dalam daftar produk fortifikasi wajib, dan selebihnya fortifikasi sukarela.
Keyword: Nutrition Science

Judul: Perkembangan program fortifikasi pangan dan identifikasi pangan yang difortifikasi
Abstrak: The study aimed to identify the food fortification program development in the world and Indonesia, and to identify various food that has been fortified until the end of 2012. Since early 20th century, food fortification program has been used as strategy to solve micronutrient deficiencies. The method used were literature review and survey of fortified food products in various type of market around Bogor. The results of this study were, the fortification policy began in 1920 and continues to develop following the problem of micronutrient deficiencies. In line with the food technology development, agricultural science and technology also show the positive progress in supporting the elimination of micronutrient deficiencies through biofortification. Results of fortified survey in various modern and traditional market in Bogor found that were 227 items of food have been fortified such as salt and flour which include in mandatory fortification, while the rest are voluntary fortification.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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