Judul: Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Pertumbuhan Ubi Kayu ‘Gajah’ Asal Kalimantan Timur Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma
Abstrak: Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) is one of important food source, therefore it is very important to increase cassava yield and starch content, and decrease HCN content in the tuber through efficient breeding program. High genetic diversity is one requirement in successful breeding program. The objective of this experiment was to increase genetic variability of ‘Gajah’ genotype cassava from East Kalimantan through gamma irradiation. Stem cuttings of cassava were irradiated in PATIR-BATAN and planted in Cikabayan Experimental Field, IPB from December 2012 to June 2013. This research was arranged in randomized completely block design with one factor that was gamma ray irradiation rate. The gamma irradiation rate consisted of five levels i.e. 0, l5, 30, 45, and 60 gray (Gy). The research results showed that the LD20 was 16.04 Gy and the LD50 was 21.49 Gy. Gamma irradiation did not significantly affect the vegetative growth of cassava, but it caused changes in several morphological characters, i.e. pubescence on apical leaves, color of apical leaves, leaves retention, shape of central leaflet, petiole color, number of leaves lobes, and orientation of petiole. One of mutant candidate from 15 Gy-irradiated plants produced 17 tuber per plant, thus it is potentially developed further.
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Judul: Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Pertumbuhan Beberapa Genotipe Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Hasil Induksi Mutasi Menggunakan Iradiasi Sinar Gamma
Abstrak: This reseach aims to study the growth and variability of several cassava genotypes through mutation induction irradiation. Stem cutting of cassava were irradiated in PATIR-BATAN and planted in Cikabayan Experimental Field, IPB from May 2012 to April 2013. This research was arranged in randomized completely block design with two factor that was gamma ray irradiation rate. Gamma irradiation rate consisted of five levels i.e. 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 gray (Gy), second faktor that diferent genotypes consisted of five genotypes i.e. Jame-jame, Ratim, UJ5, Malang 4, and Adira 4. Results showed irradiation resulted in 146 plant death when plant are 2 months after planting. Irradiation treatment resulted in reduced number of stomata and number of tubers several genotype. 15 gray irradiation dose treatment produces larger tubers and plant height than control treatment and 30 gray of radiation dose. Characterization result showed that irradiation treatment resulted in changes in several morphological characters cassava.
Keyword: mutations, morphology, genotypes, characterization, cassava

Judul: Rekonstruksi Persamaan Pauli dan Representasi Kuantum Entanglement Berdasarkan Interpretasi Kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich.
Abstrak: Mekanika kuantum merupakan teori fundamental yang telah memberikan kontribusi besar dalam perkembangan sains dan teknologi hingga saat ini. Namun masih banyak masalah fundamental terkait realita fisis postulat-postulat dan perumusan mekanika kuantum yang menimbulkan pertanyaan. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan banyak perdebatan dan interpretasi yang berbeda mengenai fundamental teori mekanika kuantum. Salah satu interpretasi mekanika kuantum yang menggunakan dasar mekanika statistik klasik adalah interpretasi Budiyono-Rohrlich (BR). Interpretasi kuantum BR merupakan interpretasi mekanika statistik klasik yang menggunakan aksioma ontic extension dan epistemic restriction serta memuat tiga teorema untuk menjelaskan kuantum entanglement, prinsip ketidakpastian Heisenberg dan merekonstruksi persamaan Schrodinger. Namun, interpretasi kuantum BR belum melibatkan spin dalam perumusannya. Persamaan Schrodinger yang melibatkan interaksi elektromagnetik dan keadaan spin disebut sebagai persamaan Schrodinger-Pauli atau persamaan Pauli. Asumsi pemisahan distribusi probabilitas untuk keadaan spin-up dan spin-down dapat digunakan untuk merekonstruksi persamaan Pauli. Proses formulasi persamaan menggunakan aksioma ontic extension dan epistemic restriction dalam interpretasi kuantum BR serta menggunakan prinsip konservasi, yaitu konservasi energi rata-rata dan kontinuitas probabilitas. Formulasi ini juga dapat digunakan untuk mendapatkan persamaan dinamika dan representasi kuantum entanglement dua partikel, namun menggunakan asumsi pemisahan distribusi probabilitas yang berbeda, yaitu untuk masing-masing keadaan yang mungkin dari dua partikel tersebut. Dalam formulasi ini, spin sebagai intrinsik momentum sudut tidak dapat dinyatakan dalam epistemic restriction, melainkan menggunakan definisi operator.
Keyword: Budiyono-Rohrlich, entanglement, epistemic, ontic, Pauli, spin