Judul: A Comparative Analysis of the Efficiency of Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks Before and During COVID-19
Abstrak: Perbankan Indonesia menganut dual banking system, yaitu bank konvensional dan bank syariah. Pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan krisis ekonomi yang berdampak pada kinerja perbankan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan membandingkan efisiensi bank syariah dan bank konvensional, pada periode sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Stochastic Frontier Analisys (SFA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pada periode sebelum COVID-19, bank syariah memperoleh rata-rata efisiensi sebesar 91,98% dan bank konvensional sebesar 81,43%. Sedangkan, pada periode selama COVID-19, bank syariah memperoleh rata-rata efisiensi sebesar 91,41% dan bank konvensional sebesar 80,31%. Dilihat dari besarnya penurunan rata-rata efisiensi, bank syariah hanya turun sebesar 0,57%, sedangkan bank konvensional turun sebesar 1,11%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bank syariah lebih tahan dari krisis. Berdasarkan independent sample t-test, rata-rata efisiensi antara bank syariah dan bank konvensional dinyatakan tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan pada kedua periode., The banking system in Indonesia follows a dual banking system, conventional bank and Islamic bank. COVID-19 pandemic causes an economic crisis that impacts banking performance. This study aims to analyze and compare the efficiency level of Islamic banks and conventional banks before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis technique in this study uses the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) method. The results of the study show that the period before the COVID-19 pandemic, Islamic banks obtain an average efficiency level of 91.98% and conventional banks obtain 81.43%. Meanwhile, during the COVID-19 pandemic period, Islamic banks obtain an average efficiency level of 91.41% and conventional banks of 80.31%. From the total decrease in the average efficiency level, Islamic banks only have a decrease of 0.57% while conventional banks have 1.11%. This shows that Islamic banks are more resilient from the crisis. According to the independent sample t-test, the average efficiency between Islamic banks and conventional banks is stated no significant differences in the two periods.
Keyword: Conventional Banks, COVID-19, Efficiency, Islamic Banks, Stochastic Frontier Analisys (SFA)

Judul: Profitability Analysis of Conventional Banks and Islamic Banks in Indonesia Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Covid-19 memiliki dampak yang sangat besar dalam bidang ekonomi termasuk sektor perbankan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan rasio keuangan dan determinan yang memengaruhi profitabilitas bank konvensional dan bank syariah di Indonesia periode triwulan I-2019 hingga triwulan IV-2020. Sampel yang digunakan terdiri dari 10 bank konvensional dan 10 bank syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode data panel dengan ROA sebagai variabel dependen. Adapun variabel independen terdiri dari CAR, NPL/NPF, NIM/NOM, BOPO, LDR/FDR, pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan inflasi. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa CAR dan NIM berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, serta BOPO berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ROA pada bank konvensional. Pada bank syariah, hanya NOM yang menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA dengan arah positif., Covid-19 has a huge impact in the economic field including the banking sector. This research aims to analyze the development of financial ratios and determinants that affect the profitability of conventional banks and Islamic banks in Indonesia in the first quarter of 2019 to the fourth quarter of 2020. The sample used consisted of 10 conventional banks and 10 Islamic banks. The study used the panel data method with ROA as a dependent variable. The variables independents consist of CAR, NPL/ NPF, NIM / NOM, BOPO, LDR / FDR, economic growth, and inflation. The results of the data analysis showed that CAR and NIM had a positive and significant effect, and BOPO had a negative and significant effect on ROA on conventional banks. In Islamic banks, only NOM shows a significant influence on ROA in a positive direction.
Keyword: financial ratio, macroeconomic indicators, panel data, profitability, ROA

Judul: Biology Of Columbia Lance Nematode (Hoplolaimus Columbus Sher) On Soybean Excised Root Culture
Abstrak: S. Supramana, S. A. Lewis,.J. D. Mueller, B. A. Fortnum, and R. E. Ballard. 2001. Biology of Columbia lance nematod. ~ (Hoplolaimus columbus Sher) on soybean excised root culture. Nematropica 31 :283-2~)O. Feeding, egg development and oviposition, embryology, and postembtyonic development or Hoplolaimus col'lmbuswere observed on soybean (cultivar Hutcheson) excised root culture in Gam borg's B5 medium (pH 5.7,1.3% agar). Petri plate sterile cultures were placed inverted on a heated microscope stage (30°C) and observations were conducted using a color video camera and a time lapse digital videoca:;sette recorder. Oocytes were obsetved in each gonad 38 hours after feeding commenced and all egg possessing a terminal stalk was laid 96 hours later. Eggs were deposited it, the one-celled stag~ and a total of 217 hours (9 days) was required for a"newly laid egg to develop into a hatching second-stage juvenile at 30°C. Postembryonic development consisted of threejuvenile stages and an adult female with prior feeding occurring before molts and oviposition. The nematode fed ectoparasiticallyon the subepidermal cells and endoparasitically in the cortex and outer vascular tissue and remained at the infection site for 2·9 days. Key words: Columbia lance nematode, embryology, excised root culture, feeding behavior, HOfilo{aimus columbus, life cycle, oviposition, postembryonic development, soybean.
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