Judul: Mempelajari Produksi Enzim Selulase dari Aspergillus niger, L51/NRRL A - 11, 264 dan Trichoderma viride
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujunn untuk mempelajari produksi enzim selulase dari AsnerailLus 1,-5l/Nl?RL 8-11, 264 dan sebagai pembanding digunakun Trichoderrna viride serta campuran &. ,!T i vi-ride, Pararietev yang diamati adalah pIH, bioinass kering, protein filtrat , aktifitas fil -trat enzim serta aktifitas enzirii pada hidrolisa bagga.se.
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Judul: Produksi Enzim B- Amilase Dari Aspegillus Niger L-51?NRRL A-11, 264
Abstrak: IPB Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kemungkin- an produksi enzim p-amilase kering kasar dari Aspergillus niger L-51/NRRL A-11,264 secara fermentasi media cair pada kondisi optimum. Enzim yang dihasilkan diuji tingkat ak- tifitasnya dalam menghidrolisa beberapa substrat pati pada kondisi aktifitas optimum. Kapang Aspergillus niger ditumbuhkan pada media cair yang diinkubasi pada pH: 4.0, 5.0, 6.0; suhu: 28°C dan 37°C; waktu fermentasi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 hari. Jenis media cair yang digunakan adalah media sintetik hasil modifika- si metoda Prescott dan Dunn (1959) dan Yamada dan Tomoda (1966). Sebagai sumber karbon digunakan pati terlarut dan tapioka serta penambahan maltosa 0.2 persen diteliti terhadap pertumbuhan kapang dan aktifitas enzim yang dihasilkan. Pertumbuhan kapang yang optimum untuk memproduksi en- zim ẞ-amilase yiatu pada pH 5.0, suhu 28°C dan waktu fermentasi tiga hari. Penggunaan media sintetik hasil modi- fikasi metoda Prescott dan Dunn (1959) dengan sumber kar- bon pati terlarut 3 persen dan maltosa 0.2 persen mengha- silkan aktifitas enzim p-amilase lebih tinggi dari pada perlakuan lainnya. Pada penelitian lanjutan diteliti pengaruh sumber nitrogen media yaitu yeast ekstrak, KNO3 dan (NH4)2SO4: 0.5 dan 1.0 persen; serta penambahan bakto pepton: 0.0, 0.1 dan 0.2 persen. Penambahan bakto pepton berpengaruh. nyata terhadap penurunan aktifitas enzim ẞ-amilase, se- dangkan penambahan KNO3 1.0 persen menghasilkan aktifitas enzim p-amilase cukup tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan yang lain. Tahap-tahap pemisahan enzim untuk memproduksi enzim kering kasar terdiri dari pemekatan filtrat enzim, ekstraksi asam, oengendapan dengan (NH4)2SO4 70 persen jenuh, sentrifusa, dialisa dan pengeringan heku. Pengamatan yang di- lakukan terhadap filtrat enzim dan enzim kering kasar meli- puti rendemen, aktifitas enzim dan kadar protein. Rendemen enzim kering kasar yang dihasilkan sebesar 0.055 persen (w/v) dengan aktifitas spesifik 7.3832 Unit/mg protein dan kelipatan purifikasinya 1.55 kali…dst
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite