Judul: Klasifikasi Spasial Pulau Jawa Berbasis Karakter Geografis dan Tingkat Perkembangan Wilayah
Abstrak: The Indonesian academicians and technocrats understand that some Java’s regions with typical physical conditions tend to be underdeveloped. Unfortunately, such an understanding has not been quantitatively proven, so that it is still rarely considered in the formulation of regional policies. Regional physical conditions, also known as “first nature”, limit human activities. The spatial patterns of man-made factors, or “second nature”, are also influenced by the first nature. The areas with minor physical obstacles tend to be the concentration of the manufacturing industry, while others remain as agricultural hinterlands. This phenomenon leads to the disparity of regional development. The objectives of this research were 1) to give quantitative proof of the role of first-nature geography in the regional disparity and 2) to develop regional typologies jointly incorporating first nature, second nature, and development level. The study executed correlation analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and one-way ANOVA. The data employed were terrain ruggedness, soil parent materials, elevation, precipitation, coastal proximity, sea depth, distance to market centers, land covers, sectoral contribution, GRDP growth, per-capita GRDP, sector ratio, and HDI of 119 regencies/municipalities of Java Island. We found that regional development level was related to terrain ruggedness, soil parent materials, sea depth, elevation, and precipitation. The more developed areas are generally located on land with mild terrain, alluvial parent material, low elevation, the shallow surrounding sea, and relatively low precipitation. Physical attributes appear in nature with typical associations. It allows the simplification of the Java regions into certain regional typologies, i.e., into lowland, volcanic, old volcanic, and calcareous dry regions. The resulting groups have significant differences in HDI, per-capita GRDP, sector ratio, and poverty rate. Lowland regions experienced the most satisfactory regional performance, followed by volcanic regions. Old volcanic and calcareous dry regions performed poorly in the development level. No municipality was formed in old volcanic and calcareous dry regions, implying their low regional carrying capacity to support regional performance and city formation. By involving first nature, second nature, and development level together to build the more comprehensive regional typologies, Java’s regions could be grouped under seven typologies: 1) least developed calcareous dry regencies, 2) least developed old volcanic regencies, 3) less developed volcanic regencies, 4) less developed lowland regencies, 5) mildly developed volcanic regencies, 6) developed lowland regencies, 7) developed lowland municipalities, 8) developed basin municipalities, and 9) most developed alluvial-plain municipalities. Group 1 and 2 were at the lowest development level. Group 5 and 6 were relatively developed due to their proximity to the metropolitan. Group 7, 8, and 9 had higher development level than others., Dalam diskursus pembangunan di Pulau Jawa, Indonesia, para akademisi dan teknokrat faham bahwa beberapa wilayah dengan kondisi fisik tertentu cenderung tertinggal dalam pembangunan. Namun pemahaman ini belum dibuktikan secara kuantitatif sehingga masih jarang dipertimbangkan dalam penyusunan kebijakan wilayah. Aktivitas-aktivitas manusia sesungguhnya turut dibatasi oleh kondisi fisik wilayah, atau dikenal pula sebagai alam pertama. Sebaran konsentrasi aktivitas manusia, atau bisa disebut alam kedua, pada dasarnya turut dipengaruhi oleh kondisi fisik wilayah yang kemudian ada wilayah yang menjadi konsentrasi industri manufakatur, sedangkan lainnya tetap menjadi hinterland. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
Keyword: disparity, inequality, java island, natural resource, physical geography, disparitas, geografi fisik, ketimpangan, pulau jawa, sumberdaya alam

Judul: Spatial Analysis for the Distribution of Human Development Index and Regional Government Budget in Java Provinces
Abstrak: Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Tahun 2012 mengalami ketimpangan antara pedesaan dan perkotaan di Pulau Jawa. Hal ini disebabkan wilayah perkotaan yang memiliki perkembangan lebih baik dibandingkan wilayah pedesaan. Di sisi lain, perpindahan penduduk dari kabupaten ke kota merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab ketimpangan tersebut.Adapun dampak perpindahan penduduk dari kabupaten ke kota menyebabkan rendahnya kualitas sumber daya manusa di wilayah kabupaten. Angka IPM kabupaten dan kota di Pulau Jawa dihitung berdasarkan komponen-komponen penyusunnya yaitu angka harapan hidup, angka melek huruf, rata-rata lama sekolah, dan pengeluaran riil per kapita.Setiap komponen penyusun IPM diduga memilikikorelasi spasial. Analisis korelasi spasial yang digunakan untuk menghitung sebaran angka IPM dalam kajian ini adalah Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA)., There is a gap ofHuman Development Index (HDI) between regency and city in Java. This is due to the faster development of urban areas be compared to rural areas. On the other hand, movement from the regency to city is one of the causes of these imbalances. The impact of migration from the regency to city is low quality of human resources in the regency. HDI figures of regencies and cities in Java are calculated from the components of life expectancy, literacy rate, average length of education, and income per capita. Each component of the HDI is expected to have spatial influence. Calculating of the HDI is usedLocal Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA).
Keyword: Human Development Index, LISA, Regional Government Budget, General Spatial Model

Judul: Katalis Zink Ferit Tersubstitusi Cu untuk Oksidasi Benzil Alkohol
Abstrak: Katalis berperan dalam menurunkan energi aktivasi. Katalis ZnFe2O4 dan ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi untuk digunakan dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol. Katalis dicirikan dengan spektrofotometer inframerah (FTIR) dan difraktometer sinar-X. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan puncak serapan dari ikatan Zn-O dan Fe-O masing-masing pada rentang 559‒575 cm-1 dan 419‒447 cm-1. Difraktogram menunjukkan terbentuknya fase tunggal Zn0.6Cu0.4Fe2O4 pada katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20%. Benzil alkohol dioksidasi dengan sistem refluks. Konversi benzil alkohol meningkat dengan meningkatnya suhu. Kadar benzaldehida yang dihasilkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 yang tidak tersubstitusi dan yang tersubstitusi Cu 60 dan 80%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol menjadi benzaldehida dengan kadar benzaldehida 8.763%.
Keyword: Benzil alkohol, katalis, oksidasi, ZnFe2O4