Judul: Urban risk analysis based on earthquake hazar vulnerability area in Bantul Regency
Abstrak: The aim of the research is to determine the area of hazard, vulnerability, and risk based on the occurrence of the earthquake in Bantul regency. The method used is a multicriteria analysis to generate the weight of each criterion, while the geographic information system (GIS) used to perform spatial analysis. Four hazard, criteria namely lithology (rock structure), the intensity of seismicity, slope, and the fault lines with weighted linear combination method produces some regions with low stability category, which is located in District Imogiri, Pleret, Pundong, Kretek, Sanden, Srandakan, Jetis, and Dlingo. Generally, an area with low stability is located right near Opak’s fault lines. The three main criteria in vulnerability analysis used to assess; the physical, demography, and social aspects. The analysis of the level of vulnerability used the pairwise comparison method to weighting criteria and sub criteria. Vulnerability analysis results show that the physical aspect (0794) is the most influential aspect in the assessment vulnerability level, followed by aspects of demography (0179) and social aspects (0071). The result of total vulnerability assessment includes three aspects: physical, demographic, and social show Bantul District (0886) is the area most vulnerable to earthquake occurrence. Assessment of risk level is a combination of hazard and vulnerability levels showed that nearly 45% of the study area included in the category of risk is very high and extreme. Other results showed nearly 40% of settlement area in the study area into high-risk category of settlement, or settlements with the probability of damage and high casualties if of disaster.
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Judul: The Application of GIS and Remote Sensing for Determining Sensitive Area Based On Geological Hazard Perspectives
Abstrak: Geological hazards is hazard which is usually classified as geological: earthquakes, faulting, tsunamis, volcanoes, avalanches, landslides, and floods. It is a well known fact that geological hazard disaster strikes countries, causes enormous destruction and creates human sufferings and produces negative impacts on national economies. Due to diverse geo-climatic conditions prevalent in different parts of the globe, different types of geological hazard disaster strikes according to vulnerability of the area. Worldwide growth of population and particularly concentration of man and his works into urban areas, has heightened such treats to level where large-scale, and often costly, planning to reduce the hazard has become essential in many country. By using GIS and Remote sensing technology to determine sensitive area based on geological hazard persepectives, constitute the new point of view in performing hte research. Remote sensing can enable geomorphic study of areas that are inacessible to field-investigation and GIS can performing spatial analysis by an unique way. Such conducting unsupervised to determine settlement area, generating slope from satellite imagery and with GIS all result can be map and analysis by using spatial analysis. To develop knowledge base which will use as an input for decision support system. The core and simultaneously benefit of this research is the capabilities of GIS and Remote Sensing technology that can help geoscientist especially geologist to capture, manipulate and analyze of information about an object without physical contact as preliminary survey (reconnaissance), mainly for geomorphic study of areas that are inaccesible to field-base investigation. Moreover, by utilizing the available sources of data (data provider) GIS and Remote Sensing can be used more effective and efficient compared to the current or traditional methods for interpreting extremely large cover research area. The sensitive area in research area, occupied by volcanic and sedimentary breccias, conglomerate, sandstone, limestone, claystone and alluvium, with slope controlled bigger than 15%. In some places, its also occupied by igneous rock with slope controlled bigger dan 50%, particularly the area with dominantly contrlolled by geologic structure. Determination concerning unstable zone in term of ‘sensitive area’ in research area immensely supported by principal component analysis in determining iron-oxide and clay-hydroxyl (alteration zone) combined with geomorphological interpretation (geology structure & drainage pattern), slope and rock characteristics weighting. There are 215 villages in Banten and West Java province which occupied sensitive area, thus detail field-investigation can be focused concerning those areas.
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Judul: Sintesis 1-Kloro-2-metoksi-6-propilnaftalena-1,3-dioksolana (1:1) sebagai Prekursor Asam (S)-(+)-(6-Metoksi-2-naftil)propanoat
Abstrak: Senyawa 1-kloro-2-metoksi-6-propilnaftalena-1,3-dioksolana (1:1) sebagai prekursor asam (S)-(+)-(6-metoksi-2-naftil)propanoat disintesis dari bahan awal 2-metoksinaftalena. Tahapan sintesis diawali dengan klorinasi menggunakan 2 jenis pereaksi klorinasi, yakni isosianurat terklorinasi dan NaOCl. Klorinasi dengan isosianurat terklorinasi berhasil menyintesis 1-kloro-2-metoksinaftalena sebagai produk monoklorinasi melalui pencirian dengan kromatograf gas-spektrometer massa (GC-MS). Nisbah konversi produk paling efisien diperoleh pada laju penambahan 2.5 mmol/jam. Sebaliknya, klorinasi dengan NaOCl menghasilkan produk triklorinasi. 1-Kloro-2-metoksinaftalena selanjutnya diasilasi dengan propanoil klorida, tetapi analisis dengan GC menunjukkan bahwa produk asilasi tidak terbentuk. Sistem bebas-air diperlukan untuk keberhasilan proses asilasi tersebut.
Keyword: isosianurat terklorinasi, NaOCl, nisbah konversi