Judul: Studi Analisis Biaya Penyadaran dengan Menggunakan Forwarder Timberjack 610 di HPH TI PT. Musi Hutan Persada
Abstrak: Kegiatan penyadaran di areal Hutan Tanaman industri (HTI) PT. Musi Hutan Persada (MHP) dilakukan dengan menggunakan forwarder yang memang diperuntukan bagi kegiatanpenyadaran di areal HTI yang menghasilkan kayu dengan diameter relatif kecil. Pcnclitian mengenai prestasi kerja dan biaya penyadaran dengan forwarder di areal HTI diperlukan untuk mengetahui pada kondisi yang bagaimana alat dapat bekerja secara optimal.
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Judul: Studi Analisis Biaya Penyaradan dengan Forwarder di HPHTI PT. Musi Hutan Persada
Abstrak: Pada dasarnya kegiatan pemanenan kayu dibagi atas 3 tahap yaitu kegiatan penebangan, penyaradan dan pengangkutan. Penyaradan merupakan bagian kegiatan pemanenan yang mengeluarkan kayu dari areal tebangan atau tunggak ke tempat pengumpulan kayu (TPN). Penyaradan merupakan kegiatan yang penting karena kegiatan ini membutuhkan biaya yang besar, memerlukan perhitungan yang cermat sehingga tidak menimbulkan kerusakan tinggal yang besar/parah, serta dapat meningkatkan nilai kayu itu sendiri. HTI di Indonesia dibangun dengan tujuan meningkatkan potensi dan kualitas hutan produksi dengan menerapkan silvikultur intensif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan bahan baku industri pengolahan kayu (Elias, 2002). Dalam proses pemanenan HTI alternatif menggunakan forwarder di areal HTI layak dijadikan pertimbangan karena dapat bekerja efektif menyarad kayu dengan diameter relatif kecil di areal yang kelerengannya datar sampai curam.
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Judul: DNA Extraction and Characterization of Salmonella‟s Lytic Bacteriophage Genome
Abstrak: Bacteriophages are ubiquitous in nature and are known to proliferate wherever their bacterial hosts exist. Their virion particles can exist independently outside the host, however all phages are need their host to propagate. Several phages are highly specific to host cell surface receptors and any slight changes in structure results in little or no interaction between the phage and its host. Salmonella‟s phage isolated from sewage water where their bacteria exist. Three isolated of phages (phages 15, 19 and 38) were used in this research that concentrated using three types of methods. PEG/ NaCl method was firstly used to concentrate the phages based on their molecular weight to precipitate the phage particles during centrifugation. The second method was Scraping Plaque method. In this method, overlay plaques were scraped and collected in SM buffer to get phage concentrates. Enrichment method was the last method used to concentrate the phages. Phage genome isolation was done using two methods i.e. EDTA/SDS and Proteinase K methods. The first method was done using DNase I to eliminate bacterial DNA followed by SDS/EDTA treatment to release phages DNA and phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol to extract the DNA. DNA was collected by isopropanol extraction. While in Proteinase K method, bacterial DNA was eliminated by DNase I and Proteinase K/SDS was used to degrade phages capsids and ethanol for DNA precipitation. The result showed that PEG/NaCl method resulted the highest phage concentration for phage 15 and phage 19, while scrapping method was the highest for phage 38. The quantity and purity of extracted DNA were low for PEG/NaCl and Scraping methods, while Enrichment method was higher indicated higher purity. Run on agarose gel electrophoresis of extracted DNA confirmed that Enrichment method results were the best while scraping and PEG/NaCl method was appeared smear background. Based on DNA genome size determination, the bacteriphages of Salmonella sp were comparable with other study of Salmonella phages. Phage P15 with genome size of 39,5 kb was close to phage epsilon15. Phage P19 with genome size of 41 kb was close to phage ST160. And phage P38 with genome size of 48,5 kb was close to phage Gifsy-1.
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