Judul: Menentukan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) Provinsi Jawa Barat dengan Regresi Terboboti Geografis (RTG)
Abstrak: Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) merupakan proporsi jumlah penduduk yang sedang aktif mencari kerja terhadap jumlah penduduk angkatan kerja. Data pengangguran yang bersifat mengelompok menyebabkan keragaman karakteristik antar titik pengamatan. Hal ini diduga karena adanya pengaruh aspek spasial atau faktor lokasi. Kondisi ini menyebabkan data antar pengamatan sulit untuk memenuhi asumsi regresi klasik seperti kehomogenan ragam sisaan. Salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan keheterogenan ragam sisaan akibat adanya faktor lokasi pengamatan yaitu Regresi Terboboti Geografis (RTG). Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan fungsi pembobot kernel normal (Gaussian) menunjukkan bahwa model RTG lebih baik daripada model regresi klasik dalam menjelaskan hubungan antara TPT dan peubah penjelasnya. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai R2 terkoreksi model RTG (92.80%) yang lebih besar dari model regresi klasik (52.8%). Selain itu, nilai jumlah kuadrat galat dan nilai AIC model RTG lebih kecil dari model regresi klasik. Peubah penjelas yang berpengaruh terhadap TPT secara keseluruhan yaitu peubah kepadatan penduduk (x1), persentase penduduk miskin (x2), upah minimum Kabupaten/Kota (x7) dan persentase unit usaha industri besar per jumlah penduduk usia kerja (x10). Dengan uji parsial parameter model RTG, diperoleh hasil bahwa dari 26 Kabupaten/Kota terdapat delapan kelompok Kabupaten/Kota dengan pola peubah penjelas yang sama dalam pengaruhnya terhadap TPT.
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Judul: Analisis Regresi Data Panel pada Kasus Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) di Provinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Pengangguran merupakan permasalahan akibat jumlah angkatan kerja yang lebih banyak dari jumlah lapangan pekerjaan yang tersedia. Tingkat pengangguran terbuka (TPT) di Provinsi Jawa Barat mengalami penurunan dari tahun 2017 sampai tahun 2019. Namun, nilai tersebut masih berada di atas nilai TPT Indonesia sehingga perlu penanganan yang tepat untuk menurunkan nilai TPT di Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan peubah peubah yang memengaruhi TPT di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Data penelitian ini terdiri atas 27 kabupaten/kota di Jawa Barat dalam kurun waktu tiga tahun, yaitu dari tahun 2017 sampai tahun 2019. Analisis regresi data panel digunakan untuk melihat adanya pengaruh spesifik unit individu maupun waktu sehingga penelitian tidak terbatas hanya mengamati satu individu atau satu kurun waktu saja. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, model yang sesuai untuk menggambarkan TPT di Provinsi Jawa Barat adalah model pengaruh acak dengan pengaruh spesifik individu yang memiliki nilai kebaikan model sebesar 23,45%. Peubah penjelas yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap TPT di Jawa Barat, yaitu kepadatan penduduk, upah minimum kabupaten/kota, dan harapan lama sekolah. Peubah kepadatan penduduk dan upah minimum kabupaten/kota memiliki hubungan yang positif terhadap TPT di Jawa Barat, sedangkan peubah harapan lama sekolah memiliki hubungan yang negatif dengan TPT di Jawa Barat., Unemployment is a problem due to the number of labor force that is more than the number of available jobs. The open unemployment rate (TPT) in West Java Province has decreased from 2017 to 2019. However, this value is still above the value of Indonesia's TPT so that proper handling is needed to reduce the value of TPT in West Java. This study aims to determine the variables that affect TPT in West Java Province. This research data consists of 27 districts/cities in West Java over a period of three years, namely from 2017 to 2019. Panel data regression analysis is used to see the specific effects of individual units and time so that the research is not limited to only observing one individual or one period of time. Based on the results of the study, the appropriate model to describe TPT in West Java Province is a random effect model with an individual specific effects which has a model goodness value of 23.45%. The explanatory variables that have a significant effect on TPT in West Java, are population density, district/city minimum wages, and expected years of schooling. The variable population density and the district/city minimum wage have a positive relationship to TPT in West Java, while the variable of long-term school expectations has a negative relationship to TPT in West Java.
Keyword: individual specific effects, open unemployment rate (TPT), panel data regression, random effect model

Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis