Judul: Evaluation of Fiber Level and Zinc Supplementation in Agroindustrial-byproduct Based Diet on Ruminants
Abstrak: Fiber and Z n h ave i rn portant roles i n ruminal a nd tissue metabolism. A serie of experiments were conducted to study the effect of fiber level and zinc supplementation in agroindustrial byproduct based diet in performance of ruminants. Three experiments were conducted. The first experiment was conducted to evaluate ruminal degradation and Zn solubility of agroindustrial byproduct and napier grass (Pennisetum purpumum). Two rumen fistulated sheep were used in the first study. The second experiment was to evaluate feed utilization of agroindustrial byproduct. Twenty one sheep were divided into 7 dietary treatments, namely Rg: napier grass (ng); Rd: 40% ng + 60% ricebran; Ro: 40% ng + 60% cassava byproduct; Rp: 40% ng + 60% pollard; Rdk: 40% ng + 48% ricebran + 12% coconut meal; Rds: 40% ng + 48% ricebran + 12% palm kernel cake and Rdd: 40% ng + 48% ricebran + 12% soybean meal. In the third experiment, 12 sheep were used to determine the effect of fiber and Zn level on animal performance. The sheep were allocated into a 2x2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was fiber level with 2 level (50 and 56%). The second factors was Zn levels (supplemented and did not supplemented). The result of the first experiment showed that effective degradation (ED) of DM, fiber and Zn solubilization of evaluated feed significantly different (p < 0.05). ED of DM and fiber of pollard > cassava byproduct > soybean meal > coconut meal > rice bran > palm kernel cake > napier grass, and Zn solubility of pollard > napier grass > palm kernel cake > ricebran > soybean meal > coconut meal > cassava byproduct. In the second experiment DM, CP, TDN, ADF and Zn intake significantly different (p c 0,05) among dietary treatments. DM digestibility was not affected by dietary trearnent, likewise feed efficiency. ADF digestibility, Zn serum and daily gain were affected by dietary treatment. In the third experiment, dietary treatment did not affect DM intake and titer antibody, but Zn intake, Zn serum and blood traits were affected by treatment. Gain dan energy convertion tended to be affected by treament.
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Judul: Kecernaan, Retensi Nitrogen dan Performa Domba yang diberi Ransum yang mengandung Sabut Kelapa Sawit Fermentasi dengan Pleurotus ostreatus
Abstrak: Availability of palm press fiber (PPF) as a by-product of palm oil processing increased every years. PPF is potential to be used as feed, but it contains high lignin. Lignin content of the PPF can be reduced by pre-treatment such as fermentation using a white root degrading fungi of Pleurotus ostreatus. The aims of this study were to evaluate digetibility, nitrogen retention and performance of sheep offered diets composed of palm press fiber (PPF) fermented by Pleurotus ostreatus. Twelve male sheep weighing of 23.32 ± 1.68 kg were devided into four groups and randomly allocated into three dietary treatments in a randomized block design. The treatments were levels of fermented PPF in the diets: R0 (30% napier grass + 70 % concentrate), R1 (15% napier grass 15% PPF + 70% concentrate) and R2 (30% PPF + 70% concentrate). The result showed that the mean of daily gain (ADG), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and nitrogen retention in sheep were not different among treatments. Dietary inclusion of PPF decreased the ether extract intake and digestible crude fiber (P<0.05) and decreased digestible crude protein (P<0.01). It was concluded that PPF could be included in the ration of sheep to replace napier grass.
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf