Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Salmonella enteritidis pada Telur Saluran Pencernaan dan Feses Ayam Ras dari Peternakan Ayam Petelur di Gunung Sindur Bogor
Abstrak: Salmonella became a major cause of food poisoning. Several types of Salmonella could infect chicken as well as pig, cattle, egg and other fresh product. Poultry could be infected by several types of this bacteria. Adult laying hens infected by Salmonella may carry the organisme in their small intestines and shed it in their faeces, which may lead to contamination of the eggshell surface, alternatively contamination of the laid egg may occur in vivo through the dessemination of the organisme to the egg following localization and colonization of the small intestine by Salmonella, that is by transovarian transmision. Total 6 hens, 12 eggs, and 22 samples of faeces were test. From this case, we must give more our atention to Salmonella so this study evaluated the prevalence of Salmonella in different hatchery by applying Bacteriological Analitycal Methode (BAM) for isolation and identification of this bacteria. The test shown that just faeces from Farm A which were contaminated by Salmonella. Test were not found all kind of species Salmonella in egg and gastrointestine
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Judul: Isolation of Salmonella spp in the Ovaries and Eggs from Laying Hens is Given Lactobacillus acidophilus Probiotic
Abstrak: Salmonellosis adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Salmonella yang termasuk dalam foodborne disease. Meningkatnya kasus Salmonellosis pada manusia terjadi karena mengkonsumsi daging, telur, dan hasil olahannya yang terkontaminasi oleh Salmonella. Salmonella spp banyak ditemukan pada ternak ayam dan dapat mengakibatkan kontaminasi produk ayam (khususnya telur) secara vertikal maupun horizontal. Bakteri ini harus dihindari keberadaannya di telur ayam. Salah satu alternatif pencegahan Salmonella spp pada ayam petelur adalah dengan penggunaan probiotik. Bakteri asam laktat yang dapat digunakan sebagai agen probiotik adalah L. acidophilus yang mempunyai aktifitas antimikroba terhadap Salmonella spp. Penelitian ini terdiri dari empat perlakuan yang terdiri atas kontrol, perlakuan pemberian Salmonella spp, perlakuan pemberian Salmonella spp dan L. acidophilus sebanyak 1 kali pemberian dan perlakuan pemberian Salmonella spp dan probiotik L. acidophilus sebanyak 2 kali pemberian. Pemberian L. acidophilus diberikan selama 20 hari pemeliharaan dan infeksi Salmonella spp selama 5 hari di pertengahan pemeliharaan. Kemudian dilakukan pengambilan sampel pada ayam ras petelur berupa ovarium dan telur yang sudah ditetaskan dan dilakukan isolasi Salmonella spp dengan metode Bacteriological Analitycal Method (BAM) meliputi tahapan proses pengkayaan, agar selektif, hingga uji biokimia awal. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok, memiliki 3 ulangan di masing-masing perlakuannya dan kelompok waktu pengambilan data yang berbeda. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan pemberian probiotik L. acidophilus satu atau dua kali pemberian selama 20 hari pemeliharaan dengan dosis 109cfu/ml/ekor/hari efektif dalam menurunkan keberadaan bakteri patogen Salmonella spp. Hal tersebut dibuktikan tidak ditemukannya Salmonella spp pada telur perlakuan ketiga dan keempat di hari pengamatan ke 20. Probiotik L. acidophilus layak digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan pakan pada ayam ras petelur guna keamanan produk hasil peternakan khususnya telur.
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Judul: Hedging strategy for loan with interest rate Cap.
Abstrak: A bank usually charges a specific nominal interest for a loan, which is influenced by the market’s interest rate. When the market interest rates fluctuate, the customer will face financial loss with the growing burden. Interest rate cap is one of the solutions to anticipate any negative impacts of increasing interest rate, by limiting the maximum interest rate paid by customer to the bank. Thus, customer gets a guarantee against increase in interest rate. To obtain this guarantee, the customer is required to pay a premium. The aims of this paper are to analyze the form of a loan with the interest rate cap strategy, and to discuss Vasicek model approach to determine the amount of the premium. A numerical illustration is given to show the advantage of the interest rate cap strategy. The results show that the interest rate cap will provide protection to the customer as the market interest rates fluctuate. Vasicek model states that the price cap interest rate can be expressed as an expected value of a random variable that has bivariate normal distribution. Numerical results show that this strategy provides benefits in the form of lower amortization cost than that of a loan without interest rate cap.
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