Judul: Pengaruh status ekonomi keluarga terhadap motif menikah dini di Perdesaan
Abstrak: Pernikahan yang dilakukan pada perempuan di bawah umur berkaitan dengan kesiapan fisik maupun psikis yang belum mencapai kematangan termasuk pembentukan identitas diri maupun sosial individu sebagai remaja yang berada pada masa pencarian identitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi motif-motif dan faktor yang melatarbelakangi pernikahan dini yang terjadi, serta menganalisis hubungannya terhadap pembentukan identitas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian survei. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 30 orang. Pengujian pengaruh antara variabel faktor-faktor menikah dini terhadap motif menikah dini dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji regresi berganda, sedangkan variabel pembentukan identitas diuji melalui pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pernikahan dini yang terjadi dilatarbelakangi oleh motif remaja untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan keamanan, sosial, dan harga diri. Pembentukan identitas yang terbentuk pada remaja putri yang melakukan menikah dini ialah pembentukan identitas diri kuat dan pembentukan identitas sosial lemah., A marriage of under age women related with physical as well as psychological state of readiness which have not reached maturity include the formation of self identity and social identity as an adolescence that in fact are on the search for identity. The purpose of this research is to identify the motives and factors which aspects influenced early marriages that occurred, as well as analyzing its relationship towards the formation of identity. The research was carried out using survey research methods. Data collection was done using a purposive sampling technique with 30 respondents. Influence testing between variables factors of early married toward motives of early married conducted using test of multiple regression while formation of identity tested through by qualitatif description. The result showed that early marriage occurred by adolescence motives to fulfill the security, social, and self esteem. The identity formation related in adolescence who married early is strong formation self identity and weak formation social identity.
Keyword: Pernikahan dini, Faktor-faktor menikah dini, Motif menikah dini, Pembentukan identitas

Judul: The Correlation Between Perception of Merarik Culture and The Socio Economic Status with The Motivation to Engage in Early Marriage
Abstrak: Pernikahan dini memberikan beragam dampak negatif bagi individu yang melaksanakannya, oleh karena itu perlu diketahui motivasi mendorong munculnya fenomena tersebut. Berdasarkan sumbernya motivasi dibagi menjadi dua yaitu motivasi internal berupa persepsi individu terhadap budaya merarik, dan eksternal berupa status sosial ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara persepsi terhadap budaya merarik dan status sosial ekonomi dengan motivasi melakukan pernikahan dini di Desa Aikmel. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung oleh data kualitatif. Data akan dianalisis menggunakan analisis korelasi rank spearman. Instrumen utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner, dan wawancara mendalam digunakan untuk mendapatkan data pendukung kualitatif. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Desa Aikmel yang melakukan pernikahan dini dengan budaya merarik berjumlah 67 orang yang di pilih secara purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang kuat dan signifikan antara persepsi terhadap budaya merarik dan motivasi melakukan pernikahan dini, sedangkan status sosial ekonomi dan motivasi melakukan pernikahan dini tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan., Early marriage has various negative impact. Therefore its necessary to know the motivation that drives that phenomenon. Based on its resources motivations divided by two. Internal in the form of individual perception and external in the form of socio economic status This research aims to analyze the relationship between perceptions of Merik culture and family socio-economic status with motivation for early marriage in Aikmel Village. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data. Data will be analyzed using Spearman rank correlation analysis. The main instrument used in this research was a questionnaire, and in-depth interviews were used to obtain qualitative supporting data. The respondents in this research were the people of Aikmel Village who entered into early marriages with the Merarik culture, totaling 67 people who were selected purposively. The results of the research show that there is a strong and significant relationship between the perception of Merik culture and motivation for early marriage, while socio-economic status and motivation for early marriage do not have a significant relationship.
Keyword: merarik, motivasi, pernikahan dini, persepsi, motivation, Perception, early marriage

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable