Judul: Motivation of Farmers in Running the Business on Private Forest in Cingambul Village, Cingambul Sub-District, Majalengka
Abstrak: Demand of wood is increasing in line with the increase of population, but the potential of timber from natural forests decline: consequently, wood supply from forest plantations including private forest needs to be improved. On the other hand, the destruction of forests and land are still high. Government of Indonesia together with the community have implemented the efforts to rehabilitate critical land continuously. In many places, people, as the main actors of forestry development, have succeeded in developing private forests. In the social aspect, the development of private forests has been able to absorb sizeable workforce, both as farmers and as other actors of community forests (workers, cutting services providers, transportation services, marketing services and timber industry). According to the data provided by the Ministry of Forestry (MoF 2013), critical land in Indonesia covers the area of 27.294.842 hectares. The development of private forests seems very important to rehabilitate critical land. Farmers is the main actors in developing private forest. The succes of private forest is determined by their motivation beside the ability of farmers and business opportunities in implementing the private forest business. The research objectives were to: (1) analyze factors related to motivation of farmers in their business of private forest, (2) analyze the role of forests extension workers in the development of private forests, and (3) analyze the type of activities of farmers in the business of private forests. The research was conducted in Cingambul village, Cingambul Sub-District, Majalengka. A survey was conducted from July to August 2013. The analysis unit of research is private forest farmers households. A number of 81 selected as respondents of 101 private forest farmers. Primary data consists of: (1) factors related to the motivation of the farmers in the private forest bussines, namely: demographic characteristics (age, level of formal education, non-formal education, experience of private forest business, number of family dependents and level of the household needs), psychosocial characteristics (the perception of the benefits of private forests, attitudes of forest people toward their private forest business, status and social interaction of farmers), the characteristics of private forest business (land area, availability of plant species, availability of means of production, ease of marketing, and revenue of private forests business), forestry extension intensity (frequency of forest extension workers visit, suitability of the material, accuracy methods applied, and equipment availability in the extension activity), (2) the role of forestry extension workers in the development of private forests, and (3) the farmers activities in their private forest business. Data are collected through interviews, observation and documentation studies. Data are analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution) and inferential statistics (Spearman rank correlation), supported by SPSS 20 software. The research results are: (1) motivation of the farmers positif related: the perception of the benefits of private forests, attitudes of forest people toward their private forest business, availability of plant species, ease of marketing, frequency of forest extension workers visit, suitability of the material, equipment availability, and accuracy methods applied in the extension activity, (2) the dominant roles of forestry extension workers accords to the farmers are as a advisors,
Keyword: farmers private forests, motivation, private forest, role of forestry extension workers.

Judul: Studi Distribusi Keuntungan dan Kelestarian Hutan Rakyat (Kasus di Kecamatan Leuwiliang, Kabupaten Bogor, Propinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: The existence of private forest give ecological and economical benefit to the society. Private forest also became the main resources for wood processing industries. The development of wood processing industries in Bogor is increasing day by day. This situation should be motivate the private forest farmers to develop their forest. Instead, the private wood production in Leuwiliang is decreasing every year due to the high rate of harvesting without balancing the replanting by the farmers. The empowerment of private forest in Kecamatan Leuwiliang still became a secondary job. The lack of market information and farmer knowledge on marketing the private woods added with low amount of capital affect the role of tengkulak became dominant. This situation affected the distribution of profit to the role player of private forest woods marketing not well spread. The low profit and undistributed uniformly may reduce the enthusiasm and motivation of private forest farmers. This will eventually affected the sustainable of private forest and the empowerment of private forest and also the supply of resources for wood processing industries. The purpose of this research is to find the potencies and the sustainable of private forest in Kecamatan Leuwiliang, Find the profit distribution from the organization that involve in private woods marketing, and to find the connection between profit distribution and the sustainable of private forest using the correlation analysis. The method that was used in this research was the Purposive Sampling. Data collection done by interview to respondent using questionnaire, and also through observation and literature study to collect secondary data. The average number of trees in sample village were 50 stem/ha that consist of 31 stem/ha Sengon and 28 stem/ha African woods. From all off sample village the number of Sengon tree and African tree relative small, this situation because the society prefer to plant Merahan variety that produces fruit like Durian, Kecapi, Jack fruit and etc. The structure conditions of private forest were shown by the diameter distribution, the number of trees on every farm owner and the harvest pattern. Sengon on the diameter 11 – 15 cm class were decreasing, while the largest number on the diameter 10 cm class. This was affected by the high rate of diameter 11-15 cm class logging. These conditions also happen to the African trees. The number of diameter < 10 cm class of Sengon and African compare with other diameter show that the society still done planting in their fields although they only depend on the natural reforestration. The marketing of private woods in Kecamatan Leuwiliang into the sawing industries could be divided into two main distribution channel that are channel through tengkulak and channel without tengkulak. The organization that spends larger cost will get a larger profit. The amount of profit received by the organization in order are sawing industries, tengkulak and private forest farmer. From the correlation analysis obtained correlation co efficiency number between benefit (X) and conservation (Y) is -0.346 this means the relation between two variable is reverse because the negative value, where the conservation number become higher so the distribution profit become
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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