Judul: Molecular Marker Inheritance and Gene Expression Pattern of Pacific White Shrimp Resistant to White Spot Syndrome Virus
Abstrak: Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan komoditas ekspor utama di Indonesia, namun budidaya udang vaname masih terkendala serangan penyakit, akibat infeksi white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Seleksi udang vaname yang secara genetik memiliki sifat tahan WSSV melalui seleksi marka single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) pada gen anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) adalah salah satu cara pencegahan infeksi WSSV yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi SNP g.455 A>G pada gen ALF, menganalisis korelasi marka SNP pada gen ALF dengan daya tahan udang terhadap infeksi WSSV, mengukur ekspresi gen dan frekuensi SNP pada populasi yang tahan WSSV, serta menganalisis pewarisan marka SNP pada keturunan pertama (G1) udang vaname hasil seleksi. Marka molekuler SNP dideteksi menggunakan metode tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) pada 120 ekor udang vaname yang berasal dari 4 famili. Frekuensi SNP GG (q2) yang diperoleh selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup (TKH) udang setelah dilakukan uji tantang WSSV dengan dosis LD70 untuk menilai korelasi antara SNP g.455 A>G pada gen ALF dengan daya tahan udang vaname terhadap WSSV. Analisis ekspresi gen ALF dan gen imunitas dilakukan pada famili yang memiliki TKH tertinggi dan terendah pasca infeksi WSSV. Analisis pewarisan marka molekuler SNP g.455 A>G pada gen ALF dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan frekuensi SNP pada G0 dan G1 berdasarkan perhitungan kesetimbangan Hardy-Weinberg. SNP g.455 A>G pada gen ALF berhasil dideteksi menggunakan metode ARMS-PCR dan memiliki korelasi yang tinggi antara genotipe GG (q2) dan TKH (p = 0.001 and R-square = 82.52%). Tingkat ekspresi gen ALF dan SOD serta frekuensi genotipe AA pada populasi udang vaname tahan WSSV lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan populasi udang vaname rentan WSSV.Frekuensi genotipe populasi induk dan benih udang vaname tidak berbeda nyata berdasarkan analisis chi-square (χ2 = 0.46 and p-value = 0.497), yang menunjukkan marka molekuler diwariskan sesuai persamaan Hardy-Weinberg. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa populasi udang vaname tahan WSSV yang memiliki genotipe homozigot AA perlu diproduksi melalui seleksi marka molekuler., The Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is Indonesia’s main export commodity, but its production is constrained by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Selective breeding of disease-resistant broodstock based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) gene is an alternative strategy for solving the disease problem. This study aimed to detect the SNP g.455 A>G in the anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) shrimp gene, evaluate the correlation of SNP with WSSV-resistance trait, analyze the expression level of immunity genes and genotype frequencies of the WSSV-resistance population shrimp and analyze the SNP inheritance in the first generation of selected shrimp. A total of 120 individuals from 4 families were used to detect the SNP marker using tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). The correlation between molecular markers and resistance to the WSSV trait was obtained by comparing the survival rate (SR) after the LD70 WSSV challenge test with the SNP frequency GG (q2) obtained before. The expression level of immunity genes was analyzed in families with the highest and lowest SR after LD70 WSSV infection. Molecular markers inheritance was analyzed by comparing the SNP frequencies in G0 and G1 generation based on the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. SNP
Keyword: Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor (ALF) Gene, ARMS-PCR, Litopenaeus vannamei, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), Hardy-Weinberg Equlibrium

Judul: Survival of Vaname Shrimp Given Recombinant Viral Protein Inhibitor Through Feed With Different Frequency Against WSSV Infection
Abstrak: White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) merupakan patogen yang sangat sering menginfeksi udang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas rekombinan viral inhibitor protein (VIP) melalui pakan dengan frekuensi berbeda terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup udang vaname yang diuji tantang dengan WSSV. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2022 di Labroratorium Marikultur, analisis respons imun di Laboratorium Reproduksi dan Genetika Ikan, Departemen Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan secara eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan empat perlakuan dengan lima ulangan untuk uji tantang. Parameter uji yang diukur yakni tingkat kelangsungan hidup (TKH), total haemocyte count (THC), dan aktivitas phenoloxidase (PO). Data diolah menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2010 dan dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian ini menunujukkan bahwa pemberian VIP dengan frekuensi setiap hari memberikan hasil terbaik setelah diinfeksikan dengan WSSV yang menghasilkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup mencapai 45,33% dibandingkan (P<0,05) kontrol positif yang memiliki tingkat kelangsungan hidup terendah yakni 9,33%., White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a pathogen that often infects shrimp. This study aims to test the effectiveness of recombinant viral inhibitor protein (VIP) by feeding with different frequencies on the survival rate of vannamei shrimp challenged with WSSV. This research was conducted in August-October 2022 at Mariculture Laboratory, immune response analysis at Fish Reproduction and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University. This research was carried out experimentally using a completely randomized design. The study was conducted using four treatments with five replications for the challenge test. The test parameters measured were survival rate (TKH), total haemocyte count (THC), and phenoloxidase (PO) activity. Data were processed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of this study showed that giving VIP with a daily frequency gave the best results after being infected with WSSV which resulted in a survival rate of 45.33% compared to (P<0.05) the positive control which had the lowest survival rate of 9.33%.
Keyword: lethal dose, recombinant, viral inhibitory protein, WSSV

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology