Judul: Elimination of diazinon in synthetic liquid waste by spent mushroom compost biofilter
Abstrak: Diazinon is a xenobiotic and recalcitrant compound that must be controlled seriously to protect humans and the environment from negative impacts. One method for removing diazinon from the environment is bioremediation with the use of a biofilter. The biofilter used in this study was spent mushroom compost (SMC). The research objectives were to analyze the effect of compost as a biofilter and the initial concentration of diazinon solution on a decreased of diazinon concentration, to analyze the optimum amount of compost and the initial concentration of diazinon solution that have produce a maximum decrease of diazinon concentration, and to identify the survival of bacteria in the high concentration of diazinon contaminated compost. The optimization method used was the response surface method (RSM). Different concentrations of diazinon solution were used, namely 500 ppm, 1000 ppm and 1500 ppm, added into the biofilter SMC, and then incubated for 9 days for the batch system and 4 days for the semi-continuous system. The compost used in the study ranged from 300-500 g. A decreased diazinon in the Batch systems was analyzed daily and in the semi-continuous system for hour/day. The results of the study indicated that in the optimum condition of the batch system with the amount of SMC compost of 499 g and the diazinon concentration of 685.68 ppm, a maximum decrease of 100% was reached for diazinon concentration at the 192th hour and in the semi-continuous system with the SMC compost of 493 g and the diazinon concentration of 562.72 ppm, the maximum decrease of 100% was obtained for the diazion concentration at the 75th hour. Bacteria that could survive in the SMC compost with a high concentration of diazinon (1707 ppm) were Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus azotoformans and Micrococcus agalis sp. Further, the biofilter system with SMC is a good alternative for pesticide biodegradation.
Keyword: elimination, diazinon, biofilter, spent mushroom compost, degrading, Synthetic Liquid Waste, response surface method, pesticide biodegradation

Judul: Bioremediasi Lahan Tercemar Profenofos Secara ex-situ dengan Cara Pengomposan
Abstrak: Pesticide have significantly increased agricultural yields while impacting detrimentally on the food chain of wildlife and human. Composting bioremediation strategy relies on mixing the primary ingredients of composting with contaminated soil, wherein as the compost matures, the pollutant will be degraded by the active microorganisms within the mixture. Composting is a relatively new clean-up strategy and because of this, there are a limited number of studies. This study was carried out to determine the concentration of profenofos decomposition rate of profenofos-contaminated soil composted with agricultural wastes (such as saw dust, carrot leaves, beef manure). The mixed of them was based on C/N ratio 40, 35 and 30. The degradation of profenofos was measured during the composting. The composting with C/N ratio 30 mineralized profenofos rapidly than the others after 28 days of composting (98% of profenofos). Bioremediation could be increased the crop yield compared to unbioremediated soil. Some kinds of bacteria have been isolated from the compost mixture. Three of them were able to grow in solid medium containing 1500 ppm of profenofos. The ability to degradate the profenofos was tested in mineral salt peptone yeast (MSPY) medium by changing from opaque medium to clear medium. It’s ability was indicated by the formation of clear zones surrounding the bacteria.
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Judul: Analisis industri asuransi kerugian di indonesia berdasarkan pendekatan struktur perilaku dan kinerja
Abstrak: Asuransi merupakan salah satu industri yang terus menjanjikan perkembangannya dimasa yang akan datang. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari jumlah , premi yang diterima oleh industri tersebut meningkat sebesar 19 persen pada tahun 2002.
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