Judul: The Potential of Forage Under Oil Palm Plantation as Feed for Beef Cattle in South Kalimantan and West Java
Abstrak: Hijauan di bawah tegakan perkebunan kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu sumber hijauan yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan hijauan untuk ternak ruminansia. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketersediaan hijauan yang ada di perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan melihat jenis hijauan, produksi serta kapasitas tampung perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kalimantan Selatan dan Jawa Barat sebagai upaya memaksimalkan penggunaan hijauan pakan yang tersedia. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan perkebunan sawit di Kecamatan Satui, Kalimantan Selatan dan Kecamatan Jonggol, Jawa Barat. Setiap lokasi, diambil sebanyak 30 plot sampel hijauan dengan menggunakan kuadran dengan ukuran 100 cm x 100 cm di setiap perkebunan untuk analisis komposisi botani, identifikasi hijauan, dan produksi biomassa hijauan. Metode dalam analisis komposisi botani adalah metode Dry Weight Rank. Kapasitas tampung serta produksi hijauan dilakukan dengan pemotongan tumbuhan di bawah tegakan perkebunan sawit kurang lebih 10 cm di atas permukaan tanah. Pelepah kelapa sawit diambil secara acak terencana pada pelepah ke-25. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan independent sample T-Test. Hasil menunjukan perkebunan kelapa sawit pada Jawa Barat memiliki potensi yang lebih besar ditinjau dari jenis hijauan, produksi serta kapasitas tampung hijauan di bawah tegakan kelapa sawit. Potensi produksi pelepah kelapa sawit pada lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit Kalimantan Selatan memiliki potensi yang lebih besar dibandingkan perkebunan kelapa sawit Jawa Barat., Forage under stands of oil palm plantations is one source of forage that can be used as forage for ruminants. The aim of this study was to analyze the availability of forage in oil palm plantations by looking at the type of forage, production, and carrying capacity of oil palm plantations in South Kalimantan and West Java as an effort to maximize the use of available forage. The research was conducted on oil palm plantations in Satui District, South Kalimantan and Jonggol District, West Java. For each location, 30 forage sample plots were taken using quadrants with a size of 100 cm x 100 cm in each plantation for the composition of the botanical analysis, forage assistance, and forage biomass production. The method in the analysis of botanical composition is the dry weight rating method. The capacity and production of forage are carried out by cutting the plants below the oil palm plantation stands approximately 10 cm above the ground. Oil palm fronds were taken randomly on the 25th frond. Data were analyzed by descriptive and independent sample T-Test. The results show that oil palm plantations in West Java have greater potential in terms of forage types, production and forage holding capacity under oil palm stands. The production potential of oil palm fronds on oil palm plantations in South Kalimantan has a greater potential than oil palm plantations in West Java.
Keyword: carrying capacity, forage biomass production, forage

Judul: Potential Availability of Forage in Oil Palm Plantations in West Pasaman Regency
Abstrak: Hijauan pakan ternak bisa didapatkan dari berbagai sumber, salah satunya adalah dari perkebunan kelapa sawit. Perkebunan kelapa sawit memiliki potensi yang sangat besar untuk pengembangan peternakan ruminansia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui potensi hijauan yang ada di perkebunan kelapa sawit Kabupaten Pasaman Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di dua lokasi yang berbeda dengan luasan lahan masing-masing 2 ha. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak terencana, setiap lokasi diambil sebanyak 30 cuplikan sampel hijaun menggunakan kuadran 100 cm x 100 cm, untuk identifikasi hijauan, menghitung produksi hijauan dan kapasitas tampung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 24 jenis hijauan yang bervariasi dengan proporsi hijauan yang ada meliputi rumput, legume, rumbah dan pelepah daun kelapa sawit. Produksi hijauan pakan di perkebunan kelapa sawit Pasaman Barat tahun 2020 yaitu 994 ribu ton tahun-1 dengan kapasitas tampung perkebunan kelapa sawit yaitu 436.000 ST tahun-1, sedangkan jumlah ternak yang ada adalah 22.648 ST, maka berdasarkan potensi biomassa hijauan di perkebunan sait dapat ditambah ternak sebanyak 413.352 ST., Forage fodder can be obtained from various sources, one of which is from oil palm plantations. Oil palm plantations have enormous potential for the development of ruminant livestock. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of forage biomass in oil palm plantations in the West Pasaman Regency. The research was carried out in two different locations with a land area of 2 ha each. Sampling was carried out randomly, each location is taken as many as 30 samples of forage samples using a 100 cm x 100 cm quadrant, for forage plant species identification, forage production, and storage carrying capacity. The results showed that 24 types of potential forage plant species were identified, including grasses, legumes, rumba (other indigenouse plant species), and oil palm leaf midribs. Potential forage biomass was 994 thousand tons year-1, which is possible to supply forage with carrying capacity 436.000 animal unit year-1. This number enable additional population of cattle with 22,648 animal unit in west pasaman regency in term of forage biomass potency in soil palm plantation.
Keyword: Forage, forage production, oil palm plantations, storage capacity

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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