Judul: Disain dan Uji Teknis Alat Pengering Hasil Pertanian Dengan Radiasi Surya
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk 1) mendisain dan membuat suatu alat pengering hasil pertanian dengan radiasi surya, 2) melakukan uji performance alat dan 3) mencoba suatu cara memperoleh penyerapan energi surya dan penyebaran suhu yang lebih baik dalam proses pengeringan dalam ruang pengering dengan memakai tambahan alat yang dikenal sebagai kolektor panas serta 4) melakukan analisa biaya dari bahan yang digunakan. Komponen utama dari alat pengering hasil pertanian dengan radiasi surya adalah 1) pengumpul panas atau kolektor, berfungsi sebagai penyerap energi panas surya, 2) ruang pengering dan 3) rak atau tampah pengering yang berfungsi sebagai wadah bagi bahan yang dikeringkan dan terdiri dari lima tingkat. Dari hasil pengujian pada kapasitas masing-masing 1.797 kg/m², 2.460 kg/m² dan 2.890 kg/m², gaplek dengan kadar air awal rata-rata 65% bb dan dan dikeringkan pada selang suhu 45° C 59° C untuk menurunkan kadar air menjadi 14% bb, dibutuhkan waktu pengeringan masing-masing 6.5 jam, 8.5 jam dan 8 jam efektif.
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Judul: Disain alat pengering energi surya dengan gudang penyimpanan panas
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mendisain dan mempelajari performansi prototipe alat pengering energi surya dengan gudang penyimpan panas, yang merupakan usaha peningkatan pendayagunaan energi surya untuk proses pengeringan hasil pertanian secara lebih baik. Peningkatan pendayagunaan energi surya yang diharapkan meliputi peningkatan efisiensi dan mutu pengeringan, serta perpanjangan waktu kerja alat sampai lewat surya terbenam. Alat pengering energi surya dengan gudang penyimpan panas berkapasitas 30 kg telah dirancang dan dibuat di bengkel Pusat Pengembangan Teknologi Pangan (FTDC), IPB. Alat tersebut memiliki pengumpul panas tipe pelat datar dengan medium udara seluas 2.83 m² dan mengguna kan sirkulasi udara secara paksa. Ukuran alat keseluruhan adalah 3.16 m x 1.20 m x 2.30 m. Pengujian alat dilakukan dengan menggunakan bahan kacang tanah dalam polong pada 4 tingkatan laju aliran udara. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap efisiensi pengumpulan panas, efek gudang penyimpan panas dalam meredam fluktuasi suhu dan memperpanjang waktu kerja alat, karakteristik suhu bahan selama pengeringan, laju pengeringan, dan efisiensi pengeringan.
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Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua