Judul: Performance Test of Ball Mill Type Grinding Machine for Porang Glucomannan Crystal Refining
Abstrak: Luas kebun porang yang meningkat setiap tahunnya menyebabkan stok umbi porang melimpah. Perbedaan harga tepung glukomanan dengan umbi porang mendorong pentingnya upaya pengolahan. Dibutuhkan mesin pengolah umbi porang menjadi tepung glukomanan dengan performansi mesin yang baik. Mesin penggiling tipe ball mill merupakan mesin yang mampu menghaluskan kristal glukomanan mencapai >100 mesh. Mesin ball mill yang digunakan merupakan rancangan mesin baru produksi PT. Daud Teknik Maju Pratama. Tujuan penelitian dilakukan adalah menganalisis dan menentukan performansi mesin ball mill terhadap hasil penghalusan kristal glukomanan porang. Penelitian dilakukan di PT. Daud Teknik Maju Pratama pada Januari – Mei 2023 dengan bahan masing-masing 150 gram setiap perlakuan. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua faktor perlakuan, kecepatan putar (21,2 rpm dan 41,6 rpm) dan lama proses (0,5 jam, 1,0 jam, 1,5 jam, 2 jam). Pengujian dilakukan dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Data yang diuji meliputi kapasitas tampung, persentase pengecilan ukuran, susut tercecer, daya mesin, dan kualitas tepung. Hasil uji performansi menunjukkan kapasitas tampung optimum mesin ball mill sebesar 12,5 kg/batch. Nilai persentase pengecilan ukuran tertinggi (96,27%) dan susut tercecer terendah (3,73%) didapatkan pada perlakuan 21,2 rpm selama 0,5 jam proses. Perlakuan 41,6 rpm selama 2 jam proses menunjukkan hasil kualitas tepung yang terbaik yaitu kadar air 11,87% dan kehalusan 63,97% lolos mesh 100. Kebutuhan daya motor listrik pada 21,2 rpm dan 41,6 rpm sebesar 0,8063 kW dan 0,9101 kW. Kapasitas kerja penghalusan terbaik ditunjukkan pada perlakuan kecepatan putar 41,6 rpm yaitu sebesar 1,560 g/min., The area of porang gardens which increases every year causes stocks of porang tubers to be abundant. The difference in the price of glucomannan flour and porang tubers encourages the importance of processing efforts. A machine to process porang tubers into glucomannan flour with good engine performance is needed. A ball mill type grinding machine is a machine capable of refining glucomannan crystals up to >100 mesh. The ball mill machine used is a new machine design produced by PT. Daud Teknik Maju Pratama. The purpose of the research was to analyze and determine the performance of a ball mill machine on the results of porang glucomannan crystal refining. Research conducted at PT. Daud Teknik Maju Pratama in January - May 2023 with 150 grams of each treatment. Tests were carried out using two treatment factors, rotational speed (21.2 rpm and 41.6 rpm) and processing time (0.5 hours, 1.0 hours, 1.5 hours, 2 hours). The test was carried out with three repetitions. The data tested included capacity, percentage of size reduction, lost losses, engine power, and flour quality. The performance test results show that the optimum capacity of the ball mill machine is 12.5 kg/batch. The highest percentage of size reduction value (96.27%) and the lowest scattered shrinkage (3.73%) were obtained at 21.2 rpm for 0.5 hours of processing. Treatment of 41.6 rpm for 2 hours of processing showed the best flour quality results, namely 11.87% moisture content and 63.97% fineness, passing 100 mesh. The power requirements of electric motors at 21.2 rpm and 41.6 rpm are 0.8063 kW and 0.9101 kW respectively. The best refining work capacity was shown in the treatment of 41.6
Keyword: Ball Mill, glucomannan flour, performance test, porang, refining

Judul: Review on Purification Method of Glucomannan from Porang Corm (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) and Its Potential Application in Food Products
Abstrak: Umbi porang (Amarphophallus muelleri Blume syn Amarphophallus oncophyllus Prain) merupakan salah satu umbi lokal yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi karena mengandung glukomanan sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia. Kandungan glukomanan yang tinggi (20 – 60%) dalam umbi porang membuat glukomanan dalam umbi porang dapat diekstrak dan diaplikasikan pada produk pangan, baik sebagai bahan tambahan pangan maupun pangan dengan manfaat untuk kesehatan. Telaah ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran mengenai beberapa metode purifikasi glukomanan dari umbi porang dan potensi aplikasi pada produk pangan. Metode telaah meliputi pendeskripsian topik, penelusuran pustaka, seleksi pustaka, serta analisis dan interpretasi pustaka. Hasil telaah menunjukkan metode purifikasi glukomanan dari umbi porang dapat dilakukan dengan metode mekanis, kimiawi, serta dengan bantuan enzim, asam, dan ultrasonik. Perbedaan metode dan kondisi purifikasi menghasilkan karakteristik fisikokimia glukomanan yang berbeda. Metode purifikasi tersebut menghasilkan glukomanan dengan kadar kemurnian yang memenuhi standar, yaitu 60 – 92,69%. Metode purifikasi yang menghasilkan glukomanan dengan karakteristik fisikokimia paling baik adalah metode mekanis menggunakan stamp mill, kombinasi ball mill dan maserasi etanol, ultrasound-assisted extraction, serta maserasi etanol konsentrasi bertingkat. Beberapa penelitian telah membuktikan bahwa glukomanan dari umbi porang berpotensi diaplikasikan pada produk pangan, baik sebagai bahan tambahan pangan maupun sebagai pangan dengan manfaat untuk kesehatan., Porang tuber (Amarphophallus muelleri Blume syn Amarphophallus oncophyllus Prain) is one of the local corms that has high economic value because it contains glucomannan so it has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. The content of glucomannan in porang corm is high (20 – 60%) so that it can be extracted and applied in the food products, both as a food additive and as a food with health benefit. This literature review aimed to provide an overview of several methods on purifying glucomannan from porang corms and their potential applications in food products. The method of review included topic descriptions, literature searches, literature selection, and literature analysis and interpretation. The results of review showed that the method of purifying glucomannan from porang corms could be carried out by mechanical and chemical methods, as well as method which involve the enzymes, acid, and ultrasonics. The different purification methods and conditions resulted in different physicochemical characteristics of glucomannan. The purification methods in this review produced glucomannan with a purity level that meets the standards, i.e: 60 – 92.69%. The purification method producing glucomannan with the best physicochemical characteristics was a mechanical method using a stamp mill, combination of ball mill and ethanol maceration, ultrasound-assisted extraction and multilevel ethanol maceration. Several studies had proven that glucomannan from porang corms had the potential to be applied to food products, both as a food additive and as food with health benefit.
Keyword: glukomanan, glukomanan porang, umbi porang, purifikasi, glucomannan, porang glucomannan, porang corms, purification

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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