Judul: Model Penjadwalan Keberangkatan Bus dengan Strategi Alternating Deadheading: Studi Kasus PO Raya
Abstrak: Bus Departure scheduling is one of important aspects in managing a bus company in order to minimize the operational cost. This scheduling is formulated as a linear integer programming model. The purpose of this model is to arrange buses from each city to meet transportation demand. The strategy of the model is to develop bus scheduling using deadheading. The deadheading strategy will be used if there is an unbalancy in the number of buses operated in one or more cities. The model with deadheading is one of efforts to minimize the frequency of bus departure in order to increase efficiency of the bus operation.
Keyword: alternating deadheading, linear integer programming, bus scheduling

Judul: Model Integer Programming Untuk Pengoptimuman Jadwal Bus Menggunakan Algoritme Genetika
Abstrak: Jadwal bus memberikan informasi kepada penumpang mengenai kepastian keberangkatan bus. Jadwal optimal terjadi ketika jumlah perjalanan/rit/frekuensi keberangkatan bus dapat disesuaikan dengan permintaan penumpang. Saat puncak layanan frekuensi keberangkatan bus akan lebih besar bila dibandingkan dengan waktu non puncak. Jika jumlah perjalanan melebihi kondisi optimal akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya biaya operasional kendaraan. Sebaliknya, jika jumlah perjalanan lebih rendah dari kondisi optimal maka akan mengakibatkan penumpang tidak terlayani dengan baik. Dalam tulisan ini masalah jadwal bus optimal dimodelkan ke dalam bentuk integer programming dan diselesaikan menggunakan algoritme genetika. Model yang dikembangkan telah mempertimbangkan aspek standar pelayanan minimal perusahaan. Model disusun dengan menggunakan data-data variasi timetable, rute, partisi/pembagian waktu, jumlah penumpang, jumlah armada, kapasitas bus, waktu pemberangkatan, lama perjalanan, headway, load factor, jam kerja pegawai, pendapatan bus dan biaya operasi bus.Beberapa teknik yang ditambahkan dalam algoritme genetika meliputi pembangkitan kromososm di daerah feasible, elitism, rekontruksi kromosom dan pemusnahan kromosom pada generasi tertentu. Output yang dihasilkan dari algoritma genetika yang digunakan adalah timetable dengan jumlah perjalanan optimal. Hasil pemeriksaan terhadap solusi yang dihasilkan menunjukan bahwa model yang dikembangkan memiliki akurasi 99,10% dalam hal kedekatannya dengan solusi optimal. Efisiensi penggunaan algoritma genetika untuk masalah ini mencapai 99,99 %. Penggunaan model jadwal bus optimal dapat menghemat biaya operasional kendaraan dengan tetap mempertimbangkan standar pelayanan perusahaan.
Keyword: Algoritme Genetika, Integer Programming, Jadwal Bus

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity