Judul: Systematic Review: Impact of Forest  Harvesting on Forest Carbon in Natural Forest Enterprises
Abstrak: Pemanenan kayu dapat menyebabkan kerusakan tegakan tinggal, tanah dan keterbukaan areal hutan. Kerusakan tegakan tinggal dan keterbukaan areal hutan menyebabkan berkurangnya penyerapan karbon oleh vegetasi penyusun hutan, yang berdampak terhadap penurunan simpanan karbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghimpun dan menganalisis hasil penelitian tentang dampak pemanenan hutan terhadap karbon hutan pada pengusahaan hutan alam, serta membandingkan hasil-hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic review. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan berupa artikel berbahasa Indonesia maupun Inggris, yang dipublikasi dan bersifat open access. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanenan kayu dengan teknik Reduced Impact Logging dapat memaksimalkan jumlah simpanan karbon setelah pemanenan, mengurangi jumlah karbon yang terbuang dan emisi karbon akibat pemanenan hutan., Timber harvesting may damage the residual stands, soil and openness of forest areas. The damage of standing stands and the openness of forest areas cause a reduction in carbon absorption by forest-composing vegetation, which results in a decrease in carbon storage. This study aims to collect and analyze the results of research on the impact of forest harvesting on forest carbon in natural forest exploitation, as well as to compare the results of research that has been carried out. This study uses a systematic review method. The type of data collected in the form of Indonesian and English articles that have been published with the selected criteria are open-access articles. The results of a study showed that Reduced Impact Logging can maximize the amount of carbon stored after harvesting, reducing the amount of wasted carbon and carbon emissions due to forest harvesting.
Keyword: dampak pemanenan, karbon hutan, pemanenan, systematic review, forest carbon, forest harvesting impact, systematic review

Judul: Systematic Review: Environmentally Friendly Forest Harvesting in Indonesia.
Abstrak: Tinjauan Sistematis: Pemanenan Hutan Ramah Lingkungan di Indonesia. Dibimbing oleh AHMAD BUDIAMAN. Pemanenan kayu pada pengelolaan hutan alam masih menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan. Teknik perencanaan serta pelaksanaan pemanenan kayu yang baik dan benar masih belum dipergunakan dalam pemanenan kayu di hutan alam Indonesia, sehingga dampak kerusakan yang ditimbulkan selama kegiatan pemanenan kayu masih tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dan menghimpun hasil penelitian mengenai pemanenan hutan ramah lingkungan berdampak rendah serta mengevaluasi kinerja teknik Reduced Impact Logging. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic review. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan berupa artikel berbahasa Indonesia maupun Inggris, yang bersifat open access sebanyak 28 jurnal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanenan kayu konvensional yang dilaksanakan selama ini dilakukan tanpa perencanaan yang baik, teknik pelaksanaan yang buruk dan lemahnya pengawasan menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan yang besar, sedangkan pemanenan kayu dengan teknik Reduced Impact Logging lebih banyak disarankan untuk digunakan dalam kegiatan pemanenan hutan di berbagai Negara karena bersifat ramah lingkungan dan mampu meminimalkan kerusakan yang terjadi., Systematic Review: Environmentally Friendly Forest Harvesting in Indonesia. Supervised by AHMAD BUDIAMAN. Timber harvesting in natural forest management still causes environmental problems. Planning techniques and the implementation of good and correct timber harvesting are still not used in timber harvesting in Indonesia's natural forests, so the impact of damage caused during wood harvesting activities is still high. The purpose of this study is to find out and collect the results of research on environmentally friendly forest harvesting with a low impact and evaluate the performance of the Reduced Impact Logging technique. This study used the systematic Reviu method. The type of data collected is in the form of Articles in Indonesian and English, which are open access as many as 28 journals. The results showed that conventional wood harvesting carried out so far was carried out without good planning, poor implementation techniques and weak supervision caused great environmental damage, while wood harvesting with the Reduced Impact Logging technique was more widely recommended to be used in forest harvesting activities in various countries because it is environmentally friendly and able to minimize the damage that occurs.
Keyword: conventional, low impact harvesting, reduced impact logging, sustainable forest harvesting

Judul: Antibody Responses against Newcastle Disease and Evaluation of Infectious Bronchitis Maternal Derived Antibody on Vaccinated Layers.
Abstrak: Information of maternal derived antibody (MDA) and onset of immunity after vaccination is important to determine appropriate vaccination programme of chickens. The aim of this study was to evaluate duration of Infectious Bronchitis (IB) MDA and evaluate onset of immunity Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccination among layers. All layers were vaccinated using live ND and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) at one day old age, and received Avian Rhinotracheitis (AR) vaccine at 4 day old age. Serum samples were collected at various ages: 7, 10, 14, 20, 22, 24, 29 and 35 day old. The presence of ND antibodies was measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, whilst the presence of IB antibodies was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our study showed that ND antibodies were at positive level until 24 day old age, and reached protective level ≥ 25 only at 7 day old age, whilst IB MDA were positive up to 17 day old age. This result indicating the needs of ND booster vaccination at least at 24 day old and IB vaccination at 17 day old age.
Keyword: antibody, Infectious Bronchitis, layers, Newcastle Disease, vaccination