Judul: A Systematic Review toward the Meta-Analysis of Veterinary Knowledge about Hematopoietic Cancer in Dogs and Cats.
Abstrak: Anjing dan kucing merupakan hewan yang menjadi pilihan kebanyakan orang untuk dipelihara. Namun, penyakit pada anjing dan kucing menjadi hal yang harus diperhatikan oleh pemilik hewan. Seperti halnya manusia, penyakit kanker/tumor pada anjing terjadi secara spontan, misalnya kanker hematopoietik (limfoma, leukemia, dan multiple myeloma). Kanker/tumor hematopoietik pada kucing sering kali dikorelasikan dengan infeksi virus seperti Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) dan Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV). Laporan kasus kanker hematopoietik pada anjing dan kucing di Indonesia masih terbatas sehingga diperlukan meta-analis data. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuisioner yang ditujukan kepada dokter hewan praktisi hewan kecil di Indonesia mengenai pengetahuan kanker hematopoietik pada anjing dan kucing dalam bentuk google form, serta meta-analisis kasus kanker hematopoietik pada jurnal internasioanal terindeks Scopus dan nasional pada Garuda Portal. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil metaanalisis pada 10 tahun terakhir data menunjukkan bahwa 94% (47/50) responden pernah menangani kanker pada anjing maupun kucing, namun hanya 6% (3/50) responden pernah menulis publikasi ilmiah. Laporan kanker hematopoietik pada kucing tidak ditemukan, sedangkan pada anjing masih terbatas dilaporkan dalam publikasi 25% (3/12) jurnal nasional dan 21% (3/14) jurnal internasional. Pengetahuan responden dokter hewan mengenai kanker hematopoietik masih terkendala dalam membedakan jenis kanker, kurangnya pengalaman, dan kesulitan dalam interpretasi hasil diagnostik penunjang. Jenis kanker hematopoietik pada anjing dan kucing yang pernah ditangani oleh responden dokter hewan praktisi hewan kecil di Indonesia diurutkan dari jumlah yang tertinggi yaitu limfoma diikuti leukimia dan multiple myeloma.
Keyword: anjing, dokter hewan, hematopoietik, kanker, kucing

Judul: Studi Pemahaman Pemilik Hewan terhadap Infeksi Parasit Darah pada Kucing di Klinik Mayda Animal Care dan di iVet Clinic Dramaga
Abstrak: Penyakit parasit darah merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang paling umum ditemukan pada kucing. Gejala yang umum ditemukan pada kucing yang menderita penyakit ini berupa anemia, dehidrasi, dan nafsu makan menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat tingkat pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan tindakan pemilik hewan terhadap kasus infeksi parasit darah, serta menjelaskan kasus infeksi parasit darah pada kucing. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada pemilik hewan yang datang ke klinik mengenai infeksi parasit darah pada kucing dalam bentuk fisik dan Google Form, serta data rekam medis di Klinik Mayda Animal Care dan iVet Clinic Dramaga selama tahun 2022. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner, 62% pemilik hewan memiliki pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan tindakan yang baik terhadap infeksi parasit darah di kucing. Data rekam medis menunjukkan kasus infeksi parasit darah tertinggi di kedua klinik pada bulan Mei sampai September. Pengobatan yang diberikan berupa antibiotik yaitu Doxycycline, Amoxicillin, dan Clindamycin., Blood parasites disease is one of the most common case found in pets, like cats. Symptom that are common be found in cats whom suffer this disease is anemia, dehydration, and lose of appetite. This study aims to look at the level of knowledge, understanding, and practice of animal owners in cases of blood parasite infections, as well as to explain cases of blood parasitic infections in cats. This study used a questionnaire distributed to animal owners who came to the clinic regarding blood parasite infections in cats in physical form and Google Form, as well as medical record data at the Mayda Animal Care Clinic and iVet Clinic Dramaga in 2022. Based on questionnaries results, 62% of animal owners have a good knowledge, understanding, and practice against blood parasite cases in cat. Medical record data showed the highest cases of blood parasite infection in both clinics happen in May until September. The treatment is in the form of antibiotics, namely Doxycycline, Amoxicillin, and Clindamycin.
Keyword: blood parasites, cats, questionnaries, understanding

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable