Judul: A Dynamic Model for Food Security to Realize Food Sovereignty: Case Study in Bantul Regency of Yogyakarta Special Region
Abstrak: Kenaikan jumlah penduduk seharusnya disertai dengan kenaikan produksi pangan agar ketahanan pangan di Kabupaten Bantul dapat terjaga. Ketahanan pangan tidak akan terwujud jika akar permasalahannya belum terselesaikan dengan baik yaitu keterpurukan petani dan alih fungsi lahan pertanian. Oleh karena itu, penting sekali untuk mempertahankan luas lahan pertanian dalam rangka memelihara kemandirian pangan untuk mewujudkan kedaulatan pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu memetakan alih fungsi lahan sawah, mencari faktor pendorong alih fungsi lahan sawah, dan merancang model dinamis lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga metode. Pertama, analisis spasial dengan teknik digitasi citra satelit dan tumpang susun peta menggunakan software ArcGIS versi 10.6. Kedua, wawancara kepada petani kemudian hasil wawancara dianalisis menggunakan statistik sederhana. Ketiga, pendekatan dengan sistem dinamik menggunakan program powersim untuk menganalisis sistem dan melihat perilaku model. Tahapan penyelesaian masalah dengan metode pendekatan sistem dimulai dengan analisis kebutuhan, formulasi masalah, identifikasi sistem, pemodelan sistem, validasi model, dan implementasi. Hasil analisis spasial menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Bantul dari tahun 2010–2019 terjadi alih fungsi lahan sawah seluas 639 ha. Lima faktor utama yang mempengarui alih fungsi lahan sawah yaitu tingkat pendidikan, umur petani, kepemilikan lahan, harga lahan, dan jarak sawah ke jalan. Jarak sawah ke jalan dan harga lahan adalah komponen yang saling berhubungan. Sebesar 75% sawah yang teralih fungsi adalah memiliki jarak dengan jalan tidak lebih dari 100 meter. Berdasarkan hasil prediksi, tanpa upaya pengendalian pada tahun 2021 Kabupaten Bantul mengalami minus beras sebesar 1.925 ton. Skenario Moderat dengan kebijakan pengendalian 50% dari laju alih fungsi lahan sawah menyebabkan neraca beras mengalami minus sebesar 1.001 ton. Skenario optimis, pengendalian alih fungsi lahan sawah 50% dari laju alih fungsi dan diversifikasi pangan diperoleh neraca beras dengan surplus sebesar 5.460,24 ton pada tahun 2030. Upaya pengendalian alih fungsi lahan sawah dengan insentif dan disinsentif harus segera diimplementasikan. Konsumsi pangan lokal juga harus dipromosikan agar konsumsi beras menurun dan meningkatkan diversifikasi pangan., The increased population should be offset by an increased food production thus the region's food security can be maintained. Food security will not be resolved if it does not solve the root of the problem, namely the farmers deterioration and the agricultural land conversion. It is important to maintain the area of agricultural land in order to maintain food independence in order to realize food sovereignty. The main purpose of this study is to mapping the function of rice fields, finding the driving factors for the functioning of rice fields, and designing dynamic models of sustainable food farming. The methods used in achieving these three objectives are as follows: First, spatial analysis with satellite imagery digitization techniques and map stacking to answer the first goal. The software used for spatial analysis is version 10.6 of ArcGIS. Second, interview with farmers and analyzing the interview results using simple statistics. Third, an approach with a dynamic system is used to look for the third goal. The problem-solving stage with a system approach method starts with needs analysis, problem formulation, system identification, system modeling, model validation, and implementation. The Powersim program is used to analyze the system and view model behavior. Spatial analysis shows that Bantul Regency
Keyword: food diversification, land conversion, rice balance sheet

Judul: Model for sustainable protection paddy fields and rice sufficiency in the Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province
Abstrak: Rice is a staple food for almost all the population in Indonesia and is a basic necessity for human life. Therefore, the State is essential to ensure its availability, affordability, and the adequate and quality fulfillment of food consumption evenly across all regions. Paddy fields are a crucial factor in rice production. Allowing continuous conversion of paddy fields in the long term poses a threat to efforts to meet rice sufficiency. The main objective of this research is to develop the model for sustainable protection of paddy fields and domestic rice sufficiency in Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province, with the following sub-objectives: 1) analyzing the dynamics of paddy field changes and trends in conversion, 2) evaluating the suitability classes of paddy fields for rice cultivation, 3) analyzing important variables and influential actors in the protection of paddy fields and sufficiency, 4) constructing a dynamic model and formulating policies for the protection of paddy fields and domestic rice sufficiency in Banyumas Regency. The research was conducted using a combination of several methods (mixed methods). Primary and/or secondary data were collected through various techniques, including literature review, desk analysis, in-depth discussions (in-depth interviews), internet downloads, and field observations. Respondents consisted of stakeholders and/or experts, namely: the Regent, Chair of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD), Head of relevant agencies or assigned staff, Agrarian Spatial Planning and National Land Agency (ATR/BPN), Academicians, Agricultural Extension Officers (PPL), Village Officials, farmer groups, farmers, settlement developers, fertilizer agents, and rice traders. The data analysis technique were adjusted to the research objectives. Changes in paddy field land use from 2007 to 2019 and their predictions for 2031 and 2045 were carried out through visual interpretation of SPOT image recordings in 2007, 2014, and 2019 using ArcGIS 10.8.2 and the Landuse Change Modeler (LCM) in the TerrSet software. The evaluation of land suitability classes was performed by a matching system between land characteristics and the requirements for growing rice crops. Important variables and the relationships between variables were analyzed using the Micmac method. Important actors and their involvement in paddy fields protection were analyzed using the Mactor method. The dynamic model for the protection of paddy fields and domestic rice sufficiency was developed by constructing a stock flow diagram (SFD) structure. The conversion of paddy fields into non-paddy fields in Banyumas Regency from 2007 to 2019 reached an area of approximately 1,231 ha (3.87%), with an average annual decrease rate of 102.6 ha/year and a potential loss of rice production of about 1,189 tons of harvested dry paddy per year. In 2045, it is estimated that the paddy field area in Banyumas Regency will be 29,160 ha, with a decrease rate from 2019 to 2045 covering an area of 1,384 ha (4.53%). The evaluation of land suitability classes for rice cultivation in Banyumas Regency indicates that the actual suitability of paddy fields consists of very suitable class (S1) at 52%, moderately suitable (S2) at 10%, marginally suitable (S3) at 38%, and not suitable (N) at 0.05%. The limiting factors encountered include soil pH, base saturation, and soil drainage. Several important
Keyword: kesesuaian lahan, konversi lahan sawah, LP2B, model dinamis, variabel dan aktor, dynamic model, land suitability, LP2B (Paddy Field Protection), paddy field conversion, variables and actors

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
Keyword: