Judul: Pemanfaatan bungkil biji jarak pagar sebagai sumber protein pada ayam kampung dan kajian senyawa aktifnya terhadap Salmonella typhimurium.
Abstrak: Source of vegetable protein for poultry feed is very limited and still rely on soybean meal. Therefore, alternative sources to replace soybean meal are required. One such ingredient is jatropha seed meal (JSM). The use of JSM in poultry ration is still limited since it is associated with the presence of anti nutritive and toxic compounds also the presence of shells that can not be digested by monogastric animals. The were 4 kinds of research theme which conducted to overcome the problem of JSM. The aim of first theme was to determine the best method of detoxification of JSM and to test the active compound in JSM as Salmonella typhimurium anti bacteria. From the research results it can be concluded that the detoxification JSM through both the autoclave heating or steaming can increase the nutritional value and lower the antinutrive a compund. However, it was found that JSM did not show any inhibition activity in vitro on Salmonella typhimurium. Phase II study was conducted to measure improving of the nutritional value of feed containing JSM was fermented. The study used twenty five chickens of 10 weeks old (20 chickens were given 5 test rations, 5 chickens to measure endogenous energy). It is concluded that the supplementation of fermented JSM with phytase and a mixture of cellulase and phytase gives a better effect in increasing metabolyzable energy. Phase III study was conducted to determine the performance, blood profile and histopathology of liver and kidney. One hundred sixty chickens of 3 weeks old were used in this experiment arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. It can be concluded that the fermented treatment JSM supplemented with cellulase and phytase produced performance, blood profil and liver and kidney histopathology similar to the control treatment JSM unfermented. The objective of phase 1V study was to determine the best level of fermented JSM in the ration that supplemented by cellulase and phytase to produce the highest performance of chicken. Two hundred seventy chickens of 3 week old were used in this experiment arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 6 replications. The results showed that body weight gains of chicken fed fermented JSM (7.5; 10 and 12.5%) with enzyme supplementation were more pronounced, (23.10%, 41.52% and 23.83%, respectively) compared those fed unfermented JSM. Up to level of 10%, fermented JSM did not show any negative effect on organ weight, blood profile, histopathology. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that fermented JSM with enzyme supplemented can be used up to 10% in the diet. The protein of fermented JSM with enzyme supplementation can replace protein of soybean up to 32.17% in chicken diet.
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Judul: The 1th International Seminar on Animal Industry
Abstrak: Fermented Jatropha curcas meal using Rhizopus oryzae could decrease the fat contained in the meal (5.8% Vs 0.39) and eliminated trypsin inhibitors up to 67.95 %. The decreasing of fat content indicated the eliminating of the main toxic substance contained in the meal, i.e. phorbolesters. Most of the phorbolesters could be extracted with the oil fraction of the Jatropha curcas meal. Hopefully, this treatment could convert the toxic jatropha curcas meal to high quality of meal as poultry feed. However, the fiber and phytate contained in the meal were still high. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of using fermented Jatropha curcas meal supplemented with cellulase and phytase in the kampong chicken diets on the growth and mortality rate. The experiment used 200 kampong chickens and were reared from day old chicks up to 10 weeks of age. This experiment using completely randomized design with 5 treatment diets and 4 replications, each replication used 10 birds. The experimental diets were: T0 (control diet, without Jatropha curcas meal), T1 (the diet contained 5% untreated Jatropha curcas meal), T2 (the diet contained 5% fermented Jatropha curcas meal + cellulase 200 ml/ton of feed), T3 (the diet contained 5% fermented Jatropha curcas meal + 1000 FTU phytase), and T4 (the diet contained 5% fermented Jatropha curcas meal + cellulase 200 ml/ton + 1000 FTU phytase). The parameters observed were feed consumption, body weight gain, final body weight, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate. The data were analysed using analyses of variance. The results showed that there was no significant different on the parameters observed due to the treatments. However, feeding untreated Jatropha curcas meal in the diets (T1) decreased the body weight gain approximately 10.52% and final body weight approximately 10.13% compared to the control (T0). Feeding fermented Jatropha curcas meal supplemented with cellulase + phytase(T4) yielded the final body weight and feed conversion ratio similar to those of the control (T0) diet. The values of the final body weight of the T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 955.08 g/bird, 858.33 g/bird, 872 g/bird, 935 g/bird, and 951.25 g/bird, respectively. The values of the feed conversion ratio of the T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 2.93, 3.51, 3.49, 3.20, and 2.89, respectively. The values of the feed consumption per bird during 10 weeks of the T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4 were 2567.53 g, 2663.76 g, 2752.32 g, 2685.05g, and 2520.5 g, respectively. There was no mortality observed for all treatments.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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