Judul: Kriteria Habitat Sebagai Tempat Pelepasliaran Elang Brontok (Nisaetus cirrhatus, Gmelin 1788) Di Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak
Abstrak: Elang brontok adalah burung pemangsa yang mengalami penurunan populasi di Indonesia karena adanya degradasi habitat.Salah satu upaya pelestarian elang brontok yaitu kegiatan pelepasliaran.Kegiatan pelepasliaran membutuhkan habitat yang layak untuk menjamin kehidupan elang brontok.Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kriteria habitat habitat sebagai tempat pelepasliaran elang brontok.Penelitian dilakukan di daerah Loji, Pongkor, dan Koridor Halimun Salak (KHS) Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak.Hasil penelitian yaitu jenis pakan elang brontok terdiri dari taksa burung, mamalia, amfibi dan reptil.Habitat yang dipilih elang brontok berupa hutan yang berada pada punggungan dengan tingkat kelerangan yang curam. Interaksi elang brontok dengan elang lain tidak terlihat secara langsung, namun terdapat penggunaan habitat elang brontok oleh jenis elang jawa, elang ular bido dan elang hitam.Pada habitat elang brontok terdapat potensi gangguan dan ancaman bagi kelangsungan hidup elang brontok.Berdasarkan hasil penilaian habitat, habitat hutan primer di Koridor Halimun Salak (KHS) cukup layak sebagai tempat pelepasliaran elang brontok (38), sedangkan habitat hutan sekunder tidak layak (31).
Keyword: elang brontok, habitat, pelepasliaran

Judul: Pemetaan Area Prioritas Restorasi Habitat Elang Jawa di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak
Abstrak: Elang jawa (Nisaetus bartelsi) adalah jenis burung raptor endemik pulau Jawa. Keberadaannya sangat terancam karena jumlah populasinya yang menurun, tingkat reproduksinya yang rendah, perburuan liar, dan fragmentasi habitat. Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak merupakan salah satu kawasan yang memiliki populasi elang jawa tertinggi namun juga menjadi kawasan yang mengalami tingkat fragmentasi yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi area prioritas yang perlu direstorasi untuk pergerakan elang jawa menggunakan aplikasi MaxEnt dan Condatis. Variabel yang digunakan untuk peta kesesuaian habitat adalah ketinggian, suhu, curah hujan, jarak dari sungai, jarak dari jalan, tipe tutupan lahan, tingkat reproduksi dan jarak dispersal. Area prioritas yang diperoleh merupakan perbandingan antara kecepatan kolonisasi elang jawa antara dua skenario yang disebut dengan skenario Bussiness as Usual dan tutupan hutan. Perbedaan kecepatan kolonisasi elang jawa menjadi dasar dalam menentukan area prioritas restorasi.
Keyword: Condatis, kolonisasi, MaxEnt, restorasi

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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