Judul: Pengaruh penggunaan sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) sebagai pengganti jagung kuning dalam ransum terhadap penampilan ayam broiler
Abstrak: Sorgum merupakan bahan makanan yang memiliki kan- dungan nutrisi yang hampir sama dengan jagung kuning dan harganya lebih murah. Dengan kondisi yang demikian diha- Erapkan sorgum bisa menggantikan jagung kuning dalam ransum ayam boiler sebagai sumber utama energi untuk menghasil- kan penampilan yang sama. Penelitian dilakukan pada akhir bulan Mei hingga pertengahan Juli 1992 di Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh peng- gantian jagung kuning dalam ransum ayam broiler dengan dua jenis sorgum (putih dan coklat) yang diolah dan yang tidak diolah terhadap penampilan ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan 300 ekor ayam broiler Jantan umur sehari (DOC) strain Hubbard. Rancangan peneli- tian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan (Ro kuning, R₁ = = mengandung 55 persen jagung mengandung 55 persen sorgum putih, R₂ mengandung 55 persen sorgum putih yang telah diolah, R3 = = mengandung 55 persen sorgum coklat dan R4 mengandung 55 persen sorgum coklat yang telah diolah) dengan enam ulan- gan. Kandungan protein kasar masing-masing ransum bertu- rut-turut adalah 23,898, 20,975, 21,299, 19,986 dan 20,782 persen. Kandungan energi metabolisme masing-masing ransum berturut-turut adalah 2.129, 2.144, 2.996, 2.187 dan 2.220 kkal/kg. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam menurut Steel and Torrie (1981). Analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan hasil bahwa ransum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) pengaruhnya terhadap peningkatan rataan pertamba- Than bobot badan/ekor selama enam minggu. Uji jarak Duncan menunjukkan bahwa Ro sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih tinggi dari R₁ dan R3 tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan R2 dan R4 Pertambahan bobot badan Ro R1, R2, R3 dan Ra bertu- rut-turut adalah 1692,7, 1534,2, 1592, 1, 1582,4 dan 1609,20. Analisis sidik ragam ransum perlakuan berbeda nyata (P<0.05) pengaruhnya terhadap rataan konsumsi ransum/ekor selama enam minggu. Uji Jarak Duncan menunjukkan bahwa Ro tidak berbeda nyata dengan R1, R2, R3 dan R4 Konsumsi ransum Ro R1, R2, R3 dan R4 berturut-turut adalah 3191,2, , 3271,6 dan 3109,7 g....
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Judul: Performance of Broiler Chicken which Feeded Ration Containing Energy Source for Corn Substitute
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bahan pakan lokal sorgum, gaplek, dan sagu utuh sebagai pengganti jagung dalam ransum terhadap performa ayam broiler. Peubah yang diamati adalah bobot badan akhir, pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan, dan mortalitas selama pemeliharaan pada umur 7-35 hari. Rancangan percobaan yang dilakukan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu ransum komersial (P0), ransum berbasis sorgum (P1), ransum berbasis gaplek (P2) dan ransum berbasis sagu parut kering (P3). Setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 3 ulangan dengan kepadatan 16-17 ekor m-2 pada tiap ulangan dengan jumlah ayam sebanyak 200 ekor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata bobot badan akhir, pertambahan bobot badan, dan konversi pakan berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih rendah dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol, sedangkan konsumsi pakan tidak berbeda nyata. Performa ayam broiler pada perlakuan P1, P2, dan P3 tidak berbeda nyata. Pemberian ransum berbasis sorgum, gaplek, dan sagu parut kering sebagai substitusi jagung ransum pada ayam broiler menghasilkan performa yang lebih rendah dibandingkan pakan komersial., This study aimed to evaluate local feed ingredients such as sorghum, cassava, and whole sago as an energy source to replace on the performance of broiler chickens. The variables observed included body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and mortality from 7 to 35 days of age. The experimental design carried out was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments, namely commercial ration (P0), complete ration based on sorghum (P1), complete ration based on cassava (P2), complete ration based on dry grated sago (P3). Each treatment consisted of 3 replications with a density of 16-17 m-2 in each repetition with total of 200 chickens. The results showed that the average final body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were very significantly different (P<0.01) lower than the control treatment, while feed consumption was not significantly different. The performance of broiler chickens in treatment P1, P2, and P3 was not significantly different. The diet contain sorghum, cassava, and dry grated sago as a substitute corn in broiler chicken rations resulted in lower body weight gain compared with the commercial feed.
Keyword: broiler chickens, cassava, performance, sorghum, whole sago

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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