Judul: Potensi Antipenuaan Formula Ekstrak Air Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava) dan Daun Kedawung (Parkia javanica)
Abstrak: Psidium guajava dan Parkia javanica yang dikenal dengan jambu biji dan kedawung merupakan tanaman yang memiliki kemampuan sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kandungan senyawa, aktivitas antioksidan, total fenol dan potensi antipenuaan dari ekstrak air daun jambu biji dan kedawung. Berdasarkan hasil uji fitokimia, komponen kimia yang terkandung dalam ekstrak daun jambu biji dan kedawung adalah golongan flavonoid, steroid, tanin dan saponin. Ekstrak tunggal kedawung (F3) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan lebih tinggi dibanding formulasi lainnya (IC50 30.24 ppm) tetapi lebih rendah daripada asam askorbat IC5017.16 ppm. Kandungan total fenol kedawung (F3) lebih besar daripada formula lainnya tetapi lebih kecil daripada asam askorbat. Ekstrak air daun jambu biji dan kedawung memiliki aktivitas inhibisi terhadap senyawa AGEs sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antipenuaan akan tetapi tidak memiliki hubungan yang beraturan antara konsentrasi sampel dan aktivitas inbibisinya.
Keyword: AGEs, antipenuaan, antioksidan, glikosilasi, Jambu biji, kedawung

Judul: Penentuan Fraksi Aktif Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava) Sebagai Antioksidan
Abstrak: Ekstrak daun jambu biji mempunyai kandungan metabolit sekunder yang berperan aktif sebagai antioksidan untuk menangkal radikal bebas dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan menetapkan fraksi aktif ekstrak daun jambu biji yang berperan mengurangi radikal bebas dari 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan berdasarkan nilai IC50 yang diperoleh dari nilai penangkapan radikal bebas DPPH. Sampel diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat, metanol dan etanol 70% (v/v) untuk memperoleh ekstrak kasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan simplisia daun jambu biji mengandung flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid, saponin, dan steroid. Standar kontrol positif antioksidan yang digunakan adalah asam askorbat dan kuersetin. Ekstrak kasar yang mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan paling kuat adalah ekstrak etanol 70% (v/v). Fraksionasi ekstrak etanol 70% (v/v) dengan kolom kromatografi menghasilkan 7 fraksi. Fraksi dengan aktivitas antioksidan teraktif adalah fraksi ke 3. Nilai IC50 ekstrak dan fraksi teraktif etanol 70% (v/v) masih lebih rendah dari pada standar yang digunakan, tapi termasuk mempunyai aktivitas sangat kuat karena nilainya kurang dari 50 mg/L.
Keyword: antioksidan, DPPH, fraksionasi, IC50, daun jambu biji

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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