Judul: Keanekaragaman Simplisia Nabati Dan Produk Obat Tradisional Yang Diperdagangkan Di Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Tumbuhan obat banyak dimanfaatkan masyarakat untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit secara tradisional. Sebagian besar tumbuhan obat yang digunakan berupa simplisia. Simplisia adalah bahan alamiah yang dipergunakan sebagai obat dan belum mengalami pengolahan, biasanya merupakan bahan yang telah dikeringkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi simplisia nabati, produk obat tradisional, sumber dan harga jual simplisia nabati yang diperdagangkan di Kabupaten Malang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi langsung dan wawancara. Teridentifikasi sebanyak 97 jenis simplisia dari 43 famili yang diperdagangkan di Kabupaten Malang. Sebagian besar simplisia berasal dari tumbuhan obat yang dibudidayakan. Harga simplisia hasil budidaya berkisar Rp 1 000 - Rp 140 000 per kilogram, sedangkan kisaran harga simplisia yang bahan bakunya dari alam yaitu Rp 10 000 - Rp 300 000. Teridentifikasi sebanyak 63 jenis produk obat tradisional kemasan yang diproduksi oleh 21 industri jamu di Indonesia.
Keyword: produk obat tradisional, simplisia, tumbuhan obat

Judul: Keanekaragaman Simplisia Nabati dan Produk Obat Tradisional yang Diperdagangkan di Kabupaten Ngawi, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan spesies tumbuhan obat terus meningkat. Spesies tumbuhan obat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan produk obat pada industri-industri jamu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman spesies tumbuhan obat dalam bentuk simplisia dan produk obat tradisional, mengidentifikasi sumber dan harga jual simplisia, dan mengidentifikasi status keterancaman atau kelangkaan spesies tumbuhan obat. Metode yang digunakan adalah sensus dan accidental sampling dengan studi pustaka, observasi lapang, dan wawancara. Teridentifikasi 103 spesies tumbuhan obat yang termasuk ke dalam 47 famili yang terdiri 12 bentuk simplisa. Zingiberaceae merupakan famili yang paling banyak ditemukan. Bentuk simplisia paling banyak adalah buah sebanyak 32.73%. Penggunaan tumbuhan obat didominasi untuk penyakit saluran pencernaan. Produk obat tradisional yang diperdagangkan berasal dari industri skala kecil dan skala besar. Teridentifikasi sebanyak 8 produk skala kecil dan 94 produk skala besar. Sumber pasokan didapatkan dari Madiun, Ponorogo, Solo, Caruban, Semarang, Kediri, dan Kalimantan. Harga jual simplisia dari alam berkisar antara Rp15 000 - Rp100 000. Tumbuhan obat yang termasuk dalam kategori langka sebanyak 5 spesies.
Keyword: ngawi, produk obat tradisional, simplisia nabati

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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