Judul: Antiangiogenesis Activity Test of Crude and Protein Extract of Shark Cartilage in Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane
Abstrak: Sel kanker adalah sel yang berproliferasi dengan cepat dan tanpa terkontrol akibat terjadinya gangguan atau kegagalan mekanisme pengatur multiplikasi pada organisme multiseluler. Penyebaran kanker terjadi melalui pembuluh darah kapiler dan pembuluh limfe yang memberikan makanan bagi pertumbuhannya. Proses pembentukan pembuluh darah baru (angiogenesis) pada sel kanker berlangsung sangat cepat sehingga pertumbuhan dan penyebaran kanker juga berlangsung cepat. Bila proses ini dapat dihentikan, maka sel kanker tidak akan tumbuh lagi sehingga akhirnya mati. Hiu termasuk subkelas elasmobranchii dengan kerangka tubuhnya terdiri atas tulang rawan semata yaitu sekitar 6% dari total berat. Tulang rawan ikan hiu tidak memiliki pembuluh darah, pembuluh saraf, maupun pembuluh limfe, sehingga diduga berpotensi sebagai senyawa antiangiogenesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji ekstrak kasar dan ekstrak protein tulang rawan ikan hiu menggunakan uji hayati selaput khorioalantois tunas ayam. Ekstrak protein diperoleh mengunakan metode salting out dengan (NH4)2SO, dan denaturasi menggunakan guanidin hidroklorida. Pemurnian dilakukan pada fraksi amonium sulfat menggunakan kromatografi filtrasi gel (sephadex G-100) untuk memperoleh tiga fraksi serapan tertinggi pada 2. 280 nm. Dengan melihat penghambatan pembentukan pembuluh darah baru pada selaput khorioalantois, maka bisa ditentukan keefektifan masing-masing fraksi. Ekstrak kasar menunjukkan daerah hambatan pada selaput khorioalantois sebesar 3-4 cakram (1 cakraın diameter 5mm). Ekstrak protein yang terdiri atas fraksi amonium (400, 500, 1.000, 1.500 ppm) dan fraksi guanidin (500, 1.000, 1.500 ppm) menimbulkan daerah hambatan yang meningkat sesuai dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi yang diinokulasikan (daerah hambatan 1-4 cakram). Tiga fraksi (nomor 6, 7. dan 8) hasil pemurnian, juga menunjukkan daerah hambatan yang meningkat sesuai dengan meningkatnya kandungan protein. Fraksi nomor 6 dengan kandungan protein 0,110 µg/µl menimbulkan daerah hambatan 2 cakram, fraksi nomor 7 kandungan protein 0,256 µg/µl dengan daerah hambatan 3 cakram, dan fraksi nomor 8 kandungan protein 0,081 µg/µl daerah hambatannya 1 cakram.
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Judul: Fraksinasi protein antikanker dari kapang laut Xylaria psidii KT30 dan sitotoksisitasnya terhadap sel He La
Abstrak: Cervical cancer is the most common death cause of cancer in Indonesia after human breast cancer. One of the efforts of cancer treatment is the utilization of natural product. Some microorganism have potential as anticancer such as endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi from the marine habitats can be isolated from seaweeds, seagrasses, sponges, and mangroves. Xylaria psidii KT30 is fungus from seaweed that can produce anticancer protein. This study aimed to obtain protein fraction from Xylaria psidii KT30 and determine their toxicity against Chang and HeLa cells. The research was carried out in 3 stages. Phase 1 Xylaria psidii KT30 was cultivated in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium, the metabolites was extracted using 90% of ammonium sulfate. Phase 2 the toxicity was determined by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Phase 3 was the final stage, the fractionation process was conducted using DEAE Sephadex A-50 column chromatography and cytotoxic assay using Chang (ATCC CCL 13) and HeLa (ATCC CCL 2) cells. Xylaria psidii KT30 yielded 0,090% of extracellular protein. The results revealed that LC50 of protein extract was 104,95 ppm. Fractionation of protein produced five protein fraction groups comprised of fraction I (2-12), fraction II (13-49), fraction III (50-61), fraction IV (62-72), and fraction V (73-100). Based on the results of SDS-PAGE, the molecular weight of selected fractions were 23,99; 32,88 and 37,30 kDa. Cytotoxicity assay results in Chang cells showed that the crude extract and fractions of selected proteins (F3.1, F3.2, and F4) was not active against normal cells with inhibition less than 50%, while in IC50 value of HeLa cell protein fractions F3.1, F3.2 and F4 against cervical cancer cells (HeLa) in this study could not be determined because in highest concentration (1080 mg/mL) did not produce % inhibition more than 50% of the HeLa cells. The results revealed that IC50 of the crude extract proteins of marine fungus was 69,89 μg/mL.
Keyword: BSLT, cervical cancer, MTT assay, Xylaria psidii

Judul: Dynamics Model for Rural and Urban Economic Growth
Abstrak: Lewis theory of structural change has focused on mechanisms that allow countries to transform their domestic economic structure to a more modern economy. The proposed model deals with the mechanism of interaction between rural and urban Economic. This model is concerned with the process of labor transfer from rural to urban areas. This study aims to model the dynamics of economic growth in rural and urban areas, including determining the equilibrium solution and to carry out simulation of the model. The simulation results show that the transfer of labor from rural to urban areas will increase the rate of change of capital so that structural changes can be realized. In addition, increased propensity to save in rural areas will also accelerate structural change
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