Judul: Identifikasi SNP Promotor Gen MC1R pada Sapi Bali Menggunakan Metode Direct Sequencing
Abstrak: Sapi Bali memiliki warna rambut kemerahan pada betina dan hitam pada jantan, adapun abnormalitas yang muncul adalah albino. Gen MC1R memengaruhi warna rambut sapi Bali melalui SNP, yaitu perubahan satu basa nukleotida yang terlihat dalam hasil sequencing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi SNP pada promotor gen MC1R dan menganalisis hubungannya dengan warna rambut normal dan albino pada sapi Bali. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Genetika Molekuler, Fakultas Peternakan IPB. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 24 sampel sapi terdiri dari 11 sampel sapi warna rambut normal dan 13 sampel sapi warna rambut albino berasal dari UPTD Sobangan dan Desa Taro, Kabupaten Gianyar, Provinsi Bali. Identifikasi SNP promotor gen MC1R menggunakan metode direct sequencing dengan panjang sekuen target 559 bp. Hasil sekuen gen MC1R dianalisis menggunakan program MEGA11, BioEdit, dan FinchTV. Hasil identifikasi promotor gen MC1R ditemukan SNP g.105 G>A. Keragaman hanya pada sapi Bali warna rambut normal, sedangkan pada sapi Bali warna rambut albino seragam. Demikian disimpulkan bahwa promotor gen MC1R pada sapi Bali tidak dapat digunakan sebagai marker untuk membedakan sapi normal dan albino berdasarkan warna rambut., Bali cattle have a reddish hair in females and black in males, with an abnormality being albino. The MC1R gene affects the hair color of Bali cattle through SNP, which are changes in one nucleotide base visible in sequencing result. This study aimed to identify SNP in the MC1R gene promoter and analyse their association with normal and albino hair color in Bali cattle. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB. There were 24 cattle samples consisting of 11 normal hair color cattle samples and 13 albino hair color cattle samples from UPTD Sobangan and Taro Village, Gianyar Regency, Bali Province. Identification of MC1R gene promoter SNP using direct sequencing method with a target sequence length of 559 bp. The MC1R gene sequence results were analysed using MEGA11, BioEdit and FinchTV programs. The result of MC1R gene promoter identificatoin found SNP g.105 G>A. Diversity is only in normal hair color Bali cattle, while in albino hair color Bali cattle are uniform. Thus it is concluded that the MC1R gene promoter in Bali cattle cannot be used as a marker to distinguis normal and albino cattle based on hair color.
Keyword: direct sequencing, gen MC1R, sapi bali, SNP, warna rambut

Judul: Identification of 5'UTR ASIP Gene Diversity in Normal Hair, White Spotted, and Albino Bali Cattle
Abstrak: Sapi bali dewasa memiliki warna rambut merah bata untuk betina dan hitam pada jantan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi keragaman gen ASIP pada 5’UTR dan menganalisis keterkaitannya dengan warna rambut normal, white spotted, dan albino pada sapi bali. Sapi bali yang digunakan terdiri atas 20 ekor sapi bali warna rambut normal, 15 ekor white spotted, dan 13 ekor albino. Keragaman gen ASIP dianalisis dengan metode direct sequencing untuk mendapatkan variasi SNP. Primer yang digunakan yaitu forward 5'-AAA TCA ACA TCT CGG CTT GG-3' dan reverse 5'-AAA AGG AAA GTG CGG AGG AG-3' dengan panjang produk 420 bp. Sekuensing gen ASIP dianalisis di perusahaan 1st Base di Selangor, Malaysia. Data sekuensing dianalisis menggunakan program FinchTV, BioEdit, dan Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA) versi 7.0. Kurang lebih 94 bp (dari 420 bp) gen ASIP berhasil dianalisis dengan baik pada semua sampel sapi bali, dan tidak ada variasi (monomorfik). Hasil sekuen basa nukleotida gen ASIP 5’UTR setelah sekuens 5’-TTT TTT TTT T-3’ tidak dapat ditentukan variasi sekuennya karena mengalami duplikasi (double fix). Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa gen ASIP 5’UTR tidak dapat membedakan warna rambut normal, white spotted, dan albino., Bali cattle have brick red hair for the females and black hair for the males. The purpose of this study was to identify the ASIP gene diversity in 5'UTR and to analyze its association with hair color in bali cattle. The bali cattle used in this experiment are 20 with normal hair color, 15 white spotted, and 13 albino. ASIP gene was analyzed with direct sequencing to obtain SNP. The primers used were forward 5'-AAA TCA ACA TCT CGG CTT GG-3' and reverse 5'-AAA AGG AAA GTG CGG AGG AG-3' with a product length of 420 bp. ASIP gene sequencing was analyzed at the 1st Base company in Selangor, Malaysia. Sequencing data were analyzed using the FinchTV, BioEdit, and MEGA programs version 7.0. Approximately 94 bp (out of 420 bp) of the ASIP gene in samples was successfully analyzed, moreover, there was no variation (monomorphic). The results of the ASIP 5'UTR gene after the sequence 5'-TTT TTT TTT T-3' could not be determined because it experienced a double fix. This study concluded that the ASIP 5'UTR gene cannot distinguish normal hair color, white spotted, and albino.
Keyword: ASIP gene, bali cattle, coat color, direct sequencing, SNP

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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