Judul: Women conservation movement in Nyungcung : a result of an interaction between poverty, patriarchy and NGO's influence
Abstrak: Over the decades, people’s ability to fulfill the basic needs has been eroding with the decline in land and other natural resources, due both to degradation and to shifts in tenurial rights away from community hands to state and business parties hands. The formation of community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) groups in recent years represents various resistances to processes of privatization. While there are many ‘success’ stories related to such groups, numerous CBNRM groups’ initiatives have failed for a variety of reasons. In particular, a number of ground experiences shows that those initiatives often lead to the exacerbation of inequalities within the group involved. This condition applies with special force to the issue of gender equity. To contribute to the understanding of the causes of success or failure for the CBNRM groups’ initiatives and movement from feminist perspective, this research focused on the local women peasants’ initiative in re-nurturing bare lands in Nyungcung Hamlet, Malasari Village, Bogor District. This raises some critical questions, such as: who are the women peasant and how they carried out their initiative? What are the factors determine their initiative? What are the results of their initiative? This research demonstrates that the growing initiative on the part of women -who are mainly from social groups of landless and tenant - as they respond to ecological distress and livelihood security, caused by PERUM PERHUTANI Unit III, and to Decree of Forestry Minister No. 175/Kpts-II/2003 that expands the area of Gunung Halimun National Park (from 40,000 ha to 113,357 ha, covering the Halimun and Salak mountain ranges). Together with men peasants, they worked collectively to re-nurture the PERUM PERHUTANI’s bare lands through a series of planting and mapping activities, currently known in local term as Leuweung Hejo Masyarakat Ngejo or, in public advocacy terms, as the Kampung dengan Tujuan Konservasi (KDTK) movement. However, in order to gain public support, assert elements of basic rights, and secure Nyungcung People’s genuine benefits from the presence of the Gunung Halimun – Salak National Park and PT. Aneka Tambang, those women peasants have not actively participated as much as before. In these further activities, men peasants take a lead. This current performance of local conservation movement is becoming a masculine pattern. I argue that the interaction between poverty, some forms of patriarchy like gender segregation of public space, female behavioral norms and gender division of labor, and the absence of women empowerment activity (through ‘sekolah perempuan’) facilited by local NGO, RMI, as well as the existence of ‘unworkable’ contextual factors in ecological and political aspects take them out from their further participation in the Leuweung Hejo Masyarakat Ngejo movement. Those women peasants are becoming increasingly distanced from their gendered knowledge; gendered rights to land and forest resources, both in quality and quantity; as well as gendered environmental politics and grassroots conservation that had been articulated in their distinctive agenda and demonstrated by the leadership from some of them during their participation in the Leuweung Hejo Masyarakat Ngejo movement.
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Judul: Peranan dan status sosial wanita Minang dalam daya-upaya konservasi lahan dan peningkatan pendapatan rumah tangga di pedesaan lahan kering
Abstrak: Adanya konservasi lahan mengandung arti bahwa terda- patnya kegiatan untuk melestarikan lahan itu sendiri dan adanya usaha untuk meningkatkan produktivitas lahan yang mengisyaratkan peningkatan pendapatan rumah tangga petani. Dalam setiap upaya/program konservasi yang akan dilaksanakan memerlukan strategi pendekatan masyarakat yang tepat, dimana pendekatan masyarakat tersebut dimulai dengan pengenalan kondisi masyarakat yang bersangkutan. Mengenali kedudukan wanita lebih jauh, terutama hal-hal yang berhu- bungan dengan keterlibatannya dalam pengelolaan lahan ke- ring dan pengambilan keputusan di dalam rumah tangga ber- arti juga mengenali kondisi masyarakat yang penting. Adanya usaha pemerintah daerah dan instansi yang terkait lainnya untuk melibatkan masyarakat di dalam upaya- upaya konservasi lahan menimbulkan permasalahan bagaimana membangkitkan peran serta masyarakat tersebut. Jika dipandang dari aspek wanita, maka timbul permasalahan yang menuntut pemecahan, yaitu "Bagaimana memanfaatkan potensi yang dimiliki oleh wanita untuk membangkitkan peran serta mereka di dalam mendukung keberhasilan upaya-upaya konservasi lahan dan peningkatan pendapatan rumah tangga". Pemecahan permasalahan didekati dengan mempelajari secara men- dalam peranan wanita di lahan kering, dimana dicoba dihu- bungkan pengambilan keputusan oleh wanita terhadap hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan pengelolaan lahan kering dengan pengambilan keputusan terhadap upaya konservasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari (1) peranan wanita Minang dalam pengelolaan lahan kering, (2) sejauhmana peranan wanita Minang dalam pengelolaan lahan kering menentukan peranan wanita dalam upaya konservasi dan pe- ningkatan pendaptan rumah tangga dan (3) sejauhmana sistem kekerabatan matrilineal mempengaruhi kedua poin yang di sebutkan di atas…dst
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Judul: Electrophoretic Coating of Apatite Compouds on Stainless Steel 316L.
Abstrak: Stainless steel (SS) 316L is a metal which is used to bone plate. However, this metal still has low biocompatibility in a human body. The metal is coated by HAp in order to increase its biocompatibility. HAp on SS 316L is coated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. We used two variables in EPD process, such as voltage and coating time to obtain the best coating. The XRD difractogram showed that SS 316L has been coated by HAp. Physical observation used by microscope optics showed that the best coating is achieved on 120V during 2 minutes.
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