Judul: Studi Perbandingan Antara Berbagai Tolok Ukur Status Viabilitas Benih dengan Kapasitas Respirasi Kasus Benih Kedelai
Abstrak: Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kapasitas respirasi sebagai metode uji viabilitas dibandingkan dengan berbagai tolok ukur status viabilitas benih. Percobaan ini terdiri dari 2 eksperimen, yaitu pembandingan tolok ukur kapasitas respirasi dengan tolok ukur viabilitas yang lain (eksperimen l), dan hubungan antara kapasitas respirasi dengan berbagai tolok ukur viabilitas benih (eksperimen 2). Eksperimen 1, dilakukan pendekatan dengan sidik ragam terhadap lot yang keragamannya dibuat berdasarkan tingkat inferioritas benih, yang terdiri dari 5 taraf (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, loo%), dan tingkat devigorasi oleh etanol dengan alat Pengusangan Cepat IPB 77-1, yang terdiri dari 3 taraf (To, T1, T2).
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Judul: Studi Pengukuran Respirasi dengan Metoda Titrasi sebagai Tolok Ukur Viabilitas Benih Jagung (Zea mays), Kedelai (Glycine max) dan Kacang Hijau (Phaseolus radiatus)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengukuran respirasi dengan metoda titrasi dengan penggunaan luas permukaan larutan KOH dan waktu pengamatan yang berbeda untuk digunakan sebagai tolok ukur viabilitas benih. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih Leuwikopo, Darmaga, mulai bulan Agustus sampai bulan Desember 1999. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga penelitian. Masing-masing penelitian disusun secara faktorial dengan 3 faktor menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Faktor pertama adalah tingkat viabilitas benih. Faktor kedua, luas permukaan larutan KOH yang terdiri dari 2 taraf (3216.99 mm² dan 706.85 mm²). Faktor ketiga, waktu pengamatan respirasi yang terdiri dari 2 taraf (pengamatan setiap hari dan pengamatan hari ke-3 dan ke-5). Penelitian 1 menggunakan benih jagung dengan 5 taraf viabilitas, penelitian 2 menggunakan benih kedelai dengan 6 taraf viabilitas dan penelitian 3 menggunakan benih kacang hijau dengan 5 taraf viabilitas. Setiap ulangan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Jumlah benih untuk tiap satuan percobaan adalah 25 butir.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite