Judul: Morphological Identification of Celosia cristata L. Irradiated by Gamma Ray on M4 and V6M3 Generation
Abstrak: Tanaman jengger ayam (Celosia cristata L.) adalah tanaman yang termasuk dalam famili amaranthaceae. Tanaman ini banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai penghias perkarangan rumah dan berpotensi menjadi bunga potong. Salah satu cara meningkatkan kualitas tanaman yaitu dengan induksi mutasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis keragaman morfologi yang terjadi pada mutan Celosia cristata L. generasi M4 dan V6M3. Selain itu, mendapatkan mutan putatif yang memiliki keragaan morfologi yang unik dan berbeda dengan tanaman kontrol. Induksi mutasi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian berupa iradiasi sinar gamma. Iradiasi mampu menghasilkan keragaman pada tanaman M4 dan V6M3. Karakter morfologi bunga dan batang memiliki tingkat keragaman tinggi di dalam genotipe. Ukuran bunga berubah menjadi lebih besar dan beberapa tanaman menjadi kecil. Variasi bentuk bunga adalah cristate dan spicate. Batang tanaman mutan mengalami perubahan bentuk dan diameter. Keragaman bentuk batang yaitu bulat dan pipih. Tanaman dengan batang berbentuk pipih memiliki diameter lebih lebar dibandingkan tanaman berbatang bulat. Genotipe G4, G9, G10, dan G11 memiliki jarak ketidakmiripan yang jauh dengan genotipe kontrol sehingga berpotensi menjadi sumber plasma nutfah untuk mencipatakan keragaman yang lebih tinggi di bidang pemuliaan tanaman., Cockscomb (Celosia cristata L.) is a member of amaranthaceae family. This plant usually used for decorate the home yard. Cockscomb has a potential to be a cut flower. Plant quality can be improved by mutation induction. The objectives of this study to analyze the morphological diversity that occurred in the M4 and V6M3 generation of Celosia mutant plant and obtain putative mutants with unique morphology and different from control plants. The mutation induction in this research used gamma ray irradiation. Irradiation was able to produce diversity in M4 and V6M3 generation of mutant plants. The morphological characters of flower and stem have a high diversity in genotype. The size of the flowers changed to be larger than controls and some plants became smaller. Flower shape variations are cristate and spicate. The stem of mutant plants changed in diameter and shape. The diversity of stem shapes that occurred in this research were round and flat. Plants with flat stems have a wider diameter than plants with round stems. Genotypes G4, G9, G10, and G11 have a large dissimilarity with the control genotype. They have a potential to be a source of germplasm to produce higher genetic diversity in plant breeding.
Keyword: Cockscomb, irradiation, mutation

Judul: Diversity in Morphology, Phenolic, Flavonoid, and Antioxidant of Mutants in Celosia cristata L. M2 Generation Resulting from Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS)
Abstrak: Tanaman jengger ayam atau Celosia cristata L. merupakan tanaman yang memiliki karakter unik dan berpotensi secara ekonomi. Tanaman tersebut bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai tanaman ornamental, bunga potong, hingga fitofarmaka. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari karakter berdasarkan morfologi, kandungan fenolik, flavonoid, dan antioksidan pada mutan generasi M2 hasil senyawa etil metan sulfonate (EMS), serta mendapatkan karakter dengan kandungan fitokimia yang tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 63 genotipe dengan 53 genotipe hasil mutasi akut dan 9 genotipe hasil mutasi kronik. Mutan C. cristata pada generasi M2 menghasilkan keragaman nilai pada setiap karakter vegetatif dan generatifnya. Keragaman bentuk batang terdiri atas bulat, bulat pipih, dan pipih. Keragaman bentuk daun terdiri atas lancelote to elips, elips, ovate, broad ovate. Karakter bentuk bunga yang diamati berdasarkan perbedaan malformasi bentuk infloresens. Genotipe G1.1 memiliki kandungan fitokimia tertinggi dengan fenolik sebesar 12,6 mg GAE g-1, flavonoid sebesar 3,22 mg QE g-1, dan antioksidan sebesar 0,43 μmol TE g-1. Jarak ketidakmiripan suatu karakter lebih dipengaruhi oleh bentuk malformasi bunga dari setiap nomor genotipe yang teramati. Seleksi dapat dilakukan pada generasi M2 dan dikatakan efisien karena nilai heritabilitasnya tinggi. Genotipe C2.14, C6.2, dan G1.1 berpotensi dikembangkan ke industri fitofarmaka karena memiliki kandungan fitokimia yang tinggi., The cockscomb plant, Celosia cristata L., is a species with unique characteristics and economic potential. This plant can be utilized as an ornamental, cut flower, or phytopharmaceutical crop. This research aims to investigate the morphological and phytochemical characteristics of M2 generation mutants induced by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and identify traits with high phytochemical content. This study used 63 genotypes with 53 acute mutation-derived genotypes and 9 chronic mutation-derived genotypes. Mutants of C. cristata in the M2 generation exhibited diverse values for each vegetative and generative character. Stem shapes displayed variations, including round, round-flat, and flat. Leaf shapes demonstrated diversity, ranging from lanceolate to elliptical, elliptical, ovate, to broad ovate. Flower shapes were observed based on differences in inflorescence malformations. Genotype G1.1 had the highest phytochemical content, with phenolic content of 12.6 mg GAE g-1, flavonoid content of 3.22 mg QE g-1, and antioxidants of 0.43 μmol TE g-1. The dissimilarity in characters was primarily influenced by the malformation of inflorescence shapes in each observed genotype number. Selection can be carried out in the M2 generation and is considered efficient due to its high heritability values. Genotypes C2.14, C6.2, and G1.1 show potential for development in the phytopharmaceutical industry due to their high phytochemical content.
Keyword: antioksidan, fenolik, mutasi acak, tanaman hias

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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