Judul: Kualitas Semen Cair Domba dalam Pengencer Skim Susu dengan Penambahan Melatonin sebagai Antioksidan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan melatonin sebagai antioksidan dalam pengencer susu skim terhadap kualitas semen cair domba jantan yang disimpan pada suhu 4°C. Semen ejakulasi dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode vagina buatan (MVB) dan diikuti dengan evaluasi mikroskopis. Semen dengan motilitas sebesar ≥70% diencerkan pada susu skim (SM), susu skim yang disuplementasi dengan 0,5 mM melatonin (SM + M0,5), susu skim yang disuplementasi dengan 1 mM melatonin (SM + M1) dan susu skim yang disuplementasi dengan 2 mM melatonin (SM + M2). Semua sampel semen diawetkan dalam suhu 4°C selama 5 hari (D0 sampai D4) dan dievaluasi setiap 24 jam. Parameter yang diamati adalah kemajuan gerak motilitas, viabilitas, abnormalitas dan membran plasma utuh sperma. Data dianalisis menggunakanuji one way ANOVA dan uji lanjut menggunakan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan nyata di kualitas semen pada D0 (P>0,05). Melatonin tidak mempunyai efek terhadap kualitas semen domba yang dipreservasi selama beberapa hari dalam pengencer., This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding melatonin as an antioxidant in skim milk diluent on the quality of liquid ram semen stored at 4oC. Ejaculated semen was collected using the artificial vaginal method (AVB) and followed by microscopic evaluation. Semen with motility of ≥70% were grouped with different melatonin concentration: skim milk (SM), skim milk supplemented with 0.5 mM melatonin (SM + M0.5), skim milk supplemented with 1 mM melatonin (SM + M1) and skim milk supplemented with 2 mM melatonin (SM + M2). All semen samples were preserved at 4°C for 5 days (D0 until D4) and evaluated every 24 hours. Parameters observed were the progress motility movement, viability, abnormalities, and plasma membrane integrity of sperm. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test and further tested using Duncan’s test. The results showed no significant difference in semen quality on D0 (P>0.05). Melatonin had no effect on the semen quality of sheep preserved for several days in diluent.
Keyword: antioxidant, ram, skim milk, melatonin, sperm

Judul: Quality of Chilled Ram in Tris Egg Yolk-Glucose  Diluent with Melatonin as an Antioxidant
Abstrak: Radikal bebas dan stres oksidatif selama pengolahan semen menyebabkan kerusakan membran plasma spermatozoa yang mengakibatkan penurunan motilitas dan viabilitas. Melatonin merupakan antioksidan yang efektif untuk menetralkan radikal bebas dan mengurangi kerusakan oksidatif sehingga mampu melindungi spermatozoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan melatonin dan menentukan dosis efektif melatonin dalam pengencer tris kuning telur-glukosa terhadap kualitas semen cair domba yang disimpan pada suhu 4 °C. Koleksi semen dilakukan dengan metode vagina buatan, kemudian semen dievaluasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Semen dengan motilitas sebesar ≥70% diencerkan pada kelompok tris kuning telur-glukosa (TKTG), tris kuning telur-glukosa dengan melatonin 0,5 Mm (TKTG + M0,5), tris kuning telur-glukosa dengan melatonin 1 mM (TKTG + M1), tris kuning telur-glukosa dengan melatonin. 2 mM (TKTG + M2). Semen cair disimpan selama 5 hari (H0–H5) pada suhu 4 °C, kemudian dievaluasi kualitas semennya setiap 24 jam. Parameter evaluasi semen berupa motilitas, viabilitas, abnormalitas, dan membran plasma utuh spermatozoa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas semen cair tidak berbeda signifikan pada H0 (P>0,05). Penambahan melatonin secara umum, memiliki nilai lebih tinggi daripada kontrol dan mampu melindungi serta mempertahankan kualitas semen cair. Pengencer TKTG + M1 berdasarkan hasil penelitian, adalah perlakuan terbaik yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai dari parameter lebih tinggi daripada perlakuan lainnya., Free radicals and oxidative stress during semen processing damage the plasma membrane of spermatozoa resulting in reduced motility and viability. Melatonin is an antioxidant that can neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative damage so it can protect spermatozoa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding melatonin and determine the effective dose to tris egg yolk-glucose diluents on the quality of chilled ram semen stored at 4 °C. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina, and then examined macroscopically and microscopically. Semen with motility of ≥70% was grouped into different extenders: tris egg yolk glucose (TEYG), tris egg yolk glucose extender with 0.5 mM melatonin (TEYG + M0.5), tris egg yolk glucose extender with 1 mM melatonin (TEYG + M1), tris egg yolk glucose extender with 2 mM melatonin (TEYG + M2). All semen samples were stored at 4 °C for 5 days (H0–H5) and examined every 24 hours. Semen were examined for spermatozoa motility, viability, abnormality, and membrane plasma integrity. The results showed that there were no significant changes of semen quality on H0 (P>0.05). In general, the melatonin supplemented groups had a higher value than the control. Melatonin supplementation is able to protect and maintain the quality of chilled semen. In addition, the result showed that TEYG + M1 extender was the best extender treatment, which was indicated by higher values than other treatments.
Keyword: antioxidant, free radicals, melatonin, ram, tris egg yolk-glucose

Judul: Kontraksi pola graf klausa Bahasa Indonesia menggunakan metode knowledge graph
Abstrak: Knowledge graph is a new method of knowledge representation. In principle, knowledge graph consists of concept and relationship. There are already rules of constructing wordgraphs of noun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, and phrase. However to be able to represent the meaning of Indonesian text we still need other rules to represent clause and sentence. This research is mainly focused on constructing a subordinative clause graph and building rules of subordinative clause graph formation. In this research, subordinative clause is classified by analyzing the subordinative relationship (time, condition, if-relation, purpose, consessive, resemblace, because-relation, result, way-relation, tool-relation, complementation, attributive, equative, and comparative) and the structure of clause (the combination of subject, predicate, object, complement, and description). After the result of constructing subordinative clause graph is analyzed and formulated, the subordinative clauses are classified based on the same conjunction graph pattern and clause structure graph pattern, and we get 13 conjunction graph patterns and 48 clause structure graph patterns for subordinative clause in Indonesian.
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