Judul: Karboksimetilasi Selulosa Mikrofibril Guna Meningkatkan Sifat Termal dan Mekanik Komposit Poliasam Laktat
Abstrak: Composite of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) could replace petroleum-based plastics for automotives and electronics purposes. Unfortunately, the hydrophilicity of nanofibers make it difficult to attain good dispersion in a hydrophobic PLA matrix. Therefore, MFC was modified to carboxymethyl-MFC (CM-MFC) with DS 0.1 and 0.4 to enhance dispersion of nanofibers in a PLA matrix, thus improve the thermal and mechanical properties of the PLA composite. CM-MFC with DS 0.1 and 0.4 were obtained under reaction conditions of water and isopropanol (1:1 and 0:1). PLA composites were prepared using organic solvent, followed by kneading and hot pressing. The thermal and mechanical properties of PLA composites showed that the carboxymethylated MFC in the solvent accelerated the crystallization of PLA and improved the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and maximum strain by 0.4 GPa, 9 MPa, and 1%, respectively, at a fiber content of 10 (b/b)%. Based on these information, the dispersion and properties of PLA/MFC composites were enhanced using carboxymethylation at DS 0.1.
Keyword: PLA composite, carboxymethylation

Judul: Penguatan Sifat Mekanis Komposit Poliasam Laktat dan Selulosa Mikrofibril Terasetilasi-Terlaktilasi
Abstrak: The composites based on polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with 10% modified microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) has been succesfully prepared. Modification of MFC was needed to increase its compatibility with PLA in the composite formation. In this experiment, MFC was modified with partial acetylation (degree of substitution: 1) and further grafted with lactide monomers through ring-opening polymerization. The result of acetylation and grafting were verified by infrared spectra. Thermal characterization carried out using differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed that the presence of modified MFC increased the temperature of glass transition and accelerated the crystallization of PLA. In addition, mechanical properties measurements showed that the modified MFC formed percolation network and acted as a fillers within the PLA matrix. It was showed by enhancement in elongation at break (1.1% to 1.8%), tensile strength (14.9 MPa to 25.7 MPa), and modulus of elasticity (1.7 GPa to 2.1 GPa).
Keyword: polylactic acid., partial acetylation, microfibrillated cellulose, lactide grafting

Judul: Ragam jenis ektoparasit burung tekukur (Streptopelia chinensis) dan burung puter (Streptopelia bitorquata) di penangkaran
Abstrak: Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove are the bird species that are easily raised in captivity. Nevertheless, good management is required to successfully breed and raise the birds in captivity; otherwise, the condition may endanger the sustainability of the two bird species. Information on ectoparasites on the bodies of this bird as well as their captivity breeding has not been available, although admittedly taking ectoparasites from these bird families has much been done so that a research is obviously needed. This study aimed to find out various kinds of Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove ectoparasites and to learn various kinds of parasitic insects around the Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove cages. The study was conducted from April to June 2010. The methods of data collection included the general condition of the location, collection of ectoparasites specimens, processing and specimens identification. The data analysis was done descriptively and tabulated with the degree of infestation. The kinds of ectoparasites from the class of insects found in the body of Spotted dove were Goniocotes sp. and Columbicola columbae of phthiraptera order and Pseudolynchia canariensis of diptera order, and arachnida class, that is, tungau from the pterolichidae family. In terms of ectoparasites, Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove were similar, except that Javan turtle dove had no Pseudolynchia canariensis. Goniocotes sp. and Columbicola columbae were mallopaga order (biting lice) and were obligate. The kinds of parasitic insects in the vicinity of Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove cages were from the Ordo Diptera. The diptera classified as parasites included Anopheles, Culex, Psychodidae, Culicoides and Simulium, most of them vectors of disease. The presence of ectoparasites was closely related to how a breeding place is managed.
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