Judul: Growth Performance of Kandelia candel (L.) Druce Hypocotyl Cuttings Seedlings
Abstrak: Kandelia candel is a species of mangrove whose existence is currently limited, especially in Indonesia. Hence, it requires effective and efficient propagation techniques. One of the techniques is hypocotyl cuttings. This study aims to analyze the growth performance of K. candel hypocotyl cuttings seedlings and determine the right combination of treatments to obtain the best growth success rate for K. candel hypocotyl cuttings seedlings. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Factorial Design with three factors, namely hypocotyl cuttings (A), planting media (B), and plant growth regulator (C) with three replications for each treatment. The variables observed and measured were seedling height, shoot height, seedling diameter, shoot diameter, number of leaves, number of roots, number of shoots, the total weight of biomass, and total dry weight. The processed data were survival percentage, growth increment, root shoot ratio, sturdiness quotient, and Dickson quality index. Based on the variance test resulted in the interaction between the hypocotyl cutting, planting media, and plant growth regulator (ABC) had a significant effect on five parameters of K. candel seedling growth, namely seedling height, number of leaves, total weight biomass, sturdiness quotient, and Dickson quality index at the 5% test level. All combinations of K. candel seedling treatments had a survival rate of 100%. The combination of a0b1c2 treatment (intact hypocotyl, mud and sand growing medium, also plant growth regulator of 15.000 ppm) produced the best seedling growth. As for the hypocotyl cuttings, the best seedling growth occurred in the combination of a2b1c2 treatment (lower hypocotyl, mud and sand growing medium, also plant growth regulator of 15.000 ppm)., Kandelia candel merupakan salah satu jenis mangrove yang saat ini keberadaannya terbatas, terutama di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan teknik perbanyakan yang efektif dan efisien. Salah satu tekniknya adalah stek hipokotil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keragaan pertumbuhan semai stek hipokotil K. candel dan menentukan kombinasi perlakuan yang tepat untuk mendapatkan tingkat keberhasilan pertumbuhan terbaik semai stek hipokotil K. candel. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial dengan 3 faktor, yaitu stek hipokotil (A), media tanam (B) dan zat pengatur tumbuh (C) dengan 3 ulangan untuk setiap perlakuan. Variabel yang diamati dan diukur adalah tinggi semai, tinggi tunas, diameter semai, diameter tunas, jumlah daun, jumlah akar, jumlah tunas, berat basah biomassa, dan berat kering. Data yang diolah adalah persen hidup, riap pertumbuhan, rasio pucuk akar, kekokohan dan indeks mutu bibit. Hasil uji sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara stek hipokotil, media tanam, zat pengatur tumbuh (ABC) berpengaruh nyata terhadap lima parameter pertumbuhan semai K. candel, yakni tinggi semai, jumlah daun, berat basah total, sturdiness quotient dan dickson quality index pada taraf uji 5%. Seluruh kombinasi perlakuan semai K. candel memiliki persen hidup 100%. Kombinasi perlakuan a0b1c2 (hipokotil utuh, media tanam lumpur dan pasir, dan zat pengatur tumbuh 15.000 ppm) menghasilkan pertumbuhan semai terbaik. Pertumbuhan semai terbaik pada stek hipokotil terdapat pada kombinasi perlakuan a2b1c2 (hipokotil bagian bawah, media tanam lumpur dan pasir, dan zat pengatur tumbuh 15.000 ppm).
Keyword: Hypocotyl	cuttings, Kandelia	candel, mangrove, vegetative reproduction

Judul: The growth of wilding cinnamomum iners and sandoricum koetjape by root cutting treatment and root and leaf’s stimulant applications
Abstrak: Pengadaan bibit dari cabutan alam seringkali mengalami hambatan karena persentase hidupnya yang rendah akibat kerusakan akar. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat daya hidup cabutan Cinnamomum iners dan Sandoricum koetjape serta melihat pengaruh penggunaan perangsang akar dan daun terhadap pertumbuhan cabutan alam. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap faktorial. Dua faktor perlakuan yang diujicobakan adalah faktor pemotongan akar (P) dan perangsang akar dan daun (B). Faktor P meliputi : P0 = tanpa pemotongan akar dan P1 = dengan pemotongan akar; sedangkan faktor B meliputi B0 = tanpa perangsang akar dan daun B1 = konsentrasi 2.50% B2 = konsentrasi 1.25% B3 = konsentrasi 0.83%. Pemberian perangsang akar dan daun pada Cinnamomum iners dan Sandoricum koetjape dapat meningkatkan jumlah daun dan panjang akar. Perlakuan pemotongan akar dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi pada Sandoricum koetjape. Perlakuan yang tepat untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan Cinnamomum iners dan Sandoricum koetjape adalah perlakuan tanpa pemotongan akar dan pemberian perangsang akar dan daun dengan konsentrasi 0.83%., Stock of the wilding often had problem because of the lower growth rate due to root damage. The objectives of this research were to consider the live rate of Cinnamomum iners and Sandoricum koetjape’s wilding and to consider the effect of root and leaf’s stimulant to the wilding’s growth. Factorial in completely randomized block design was used in this experimnent. The first factor was root and leaf’s cutting (P0 = no cutting, P1 = with cutting) and the second one was root and leaf’s stimulant application in concentration B0 = without stimulant, B1 = 2.5%, B2 = 1.25% and B3 = 0.83%. The used of root and leaf’s stimulant on Cinnamomum iners and Sandoricum koetjape’s wilding can stimulate the growth of leaves and root. The root’s cutting stimulated Sandoricum koetjape’s height. The combination treatment of root and leaf’s stimulant 0.83% and without root’s cutting showed the best effect to stimulate the growth of Cinnamomum iners and Sandoricum koetjape’s wildings.
Keyword: cabutan alam, Cinnamomum iners, perangsang akar dan daun, Sandoricum koetjape

Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
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