Judul: Foot Pad Lesion, Breast Blister dan Performa Produksi Ayam Petelur pada Sistem Perkandangan Litter dan Cage
Abstrak: Housing management is one factor that influence the incident of foot pad lesion and breast blister. Foot Pad Lesion (FPL) and Breast Blister (BB) are inflamation of the subcutant tissue on the region foot pad and breast of the chicken caused by intensive rubbing between skin and house floor. This study was designed to evaluate litter and cage system on the incident of FPL, BB, and performance of laying hens. This research used closed housed with temperature range of 18 until 22 oC. A total of 18 hens are reared on bamboo cage and 18 hens on rice husk litter. A number of 9 samples were taken from each housing system to evaluate the score of FPL and BB, egg production, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. The t-Test was applied to compare the all trait between litter and cage. The result of the experiment showed that the incident level of FPL and BB on hens reared in litter and cage did not significantly different (P>0.05). Increasing incident of FPL in cage was higher than litter (100% vs 33.33%) at fourth week, but overall FPL at both of housing systems increase from first week until fourth week. In addition, egg production, feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not different.
Keyword: litter, foot pad lesion (FPL), cage, breast blister (BB)

Judul: Pengaruh Jenis Litter Terhadap Cedera dan Performa Produksi Ayam Broiler.
Abstrak: Pemeliharaan ayam broiler umumnya menggunakan sistem kandang dengan alas litter. Jenis bahan litter yang digunakan diduga dapat mempengaruhi performa produksi ayam broiler, seperti konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, dan mortalitas. Kelemahan penggunaan alas litter, diantaranya sering terjadi Foot Pad Lesion (FPL) dan Breast Blister (BB). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan jenis litter yang tepat dalam pemeliharaan ayam broiler. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh jenis litter terhadap tingkat cedera dan performa produksi ayam broiler. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga jenis bahan litter, yaitu P1: litter sekam padi; P2: litter jerami padi; dan P3: litter serutan kayu. Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas tiga ulangan. Tiap ulangan terdiri atas delapan ekor ayam broiler. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan Sidik Ragam (Analysis of Variance) dan Uji Tukey (Tukey Pairwise Comparisons) untuk mengetahui beda antar perlakuan dengan software Minitab 18. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis litter berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kejadian cedera Foot Pad Lesion (FPL) dan bobot akhir, namun tidak berpengaruh pada Breast Blister (BB), konsumsi pakan, dan mortalitas ayam broiler. Tingkat kejadian FPL terendah terjadi pada perlakuan P3 (litter serutan kayu) dan bobot akhir tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan P1 (litter sekam padi)., Effect of Litter Types on Injuries and Production Performance of Broiler Chicken. Supervised by RUDI AFNAN and RUKMIASIH. Maintenance of broiler chickens generally uses a cage system with a litter base. The litter material will affect the production performance of broiler chickens, such as feed consumption, body weight gain, and mortality. Weakness of litter use for broiler bedding are the frequent occurrence of Foot Pad Lesion (FPL) and Breast Blister (BB). Therefore, it is necessary to have a suitable type of litterin the maintenance of broilers. This study aims to examine the effect of litter type on injury and production performance of broiler chickens. There are three types of litter material treatment, namely P1: rice husk litter; P2: rice straw litter; and P3: wood shavings litter with three repetitions. Each repetition consisted of 8 broilers. The data obtained were analyzed by variance (Analysis of Variance). The difference between treatments was subjected to the Tukey's Test (Tukey Pairwise Comparison) using Minitab 18 software. The results showed that the type of litter affected the incidence of Foot Pad Lesion (FPL) injury and final weight, but had no effect on Breast Blister (BB), feed consumption, and mortality of broiler chickens. The lowest incidence of FPL occurred in the P3 treatment (wood shavings litter) and the highest final weight occurred in the P1 treatment (rice husk litter).
Keyword: broiler, chickens, injury, performance, litter,

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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