Judul: Manajemen lanskap untuk penanggulangan konflik antara manusia dan Orangutan (Pongo abelii) di Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser dan sekitarnya
Abstrak: Orangutan Sumatera merupakan satwa endemik Pulau Sumatera. Salah satu habitat dengan populasi tertinggi terdapat di Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL). Ancaman utama bagi kelangsungan hidup orangutan Sumatera (Pongo abelii) di TNGL adalah kerusakan habitat dan perburuan liar. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan konflik antara manusia dan orangutan. Tujuan penelitian ini 1) mengidentifikasi distribusi lokasi konflik manusia dan orangutan; 2) menganalisis persepsi masyarakat terhadap orangutan dan konflik; 3) menganalisis karakteristik lanskap terjadinya konflik; dan 4) menyusun rekomendasi manajemen penanggulangan konflik antara manusia dan orangutan Sumatera. Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU) dikombinasikan dengan SIG (Sistem Informasi Geografi) dan merupakan metode utama dalam penelitian ini. Peta penutupan lahan dan DEM digunakan untuk pangkalan data spasial. Teridentifikasi 26 lokasi konflik pada tahun 2012-2014. Persepsi masyarakat sebagian besar terhadap orangutan adalah hama dan buruan. Hasil AKU menunjukkan tiga komponen utama yang merupakan karakteristik lanskap tempat terjadinya konflik yaitu habitat orangutan yang terkonversi (97 906 ha), habitat orangutan yang tersisa (985 739 ha), dan habitat orangutan yang terfragmentasi. Manajemen lanskap yang direkomendasikan untuk mengelola konflik manusia dan orangutan adalah restorasi area hutan yang telah dikonversi ke perkebunan kelapa sawit, membuat koridor ekologi, membuat penghalang, dan meningkatkan kesadaran dan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang konservasi orangutan.
Keyword: GIS,, Gunung Leuser National Park, Human-wildlife conflict, Pongo abelii,, Principal Component Analysis

Judul: Studi Habitat dan Perilaku Orang Utan (Pongo pygmaeus abelii) di Bohorok Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser.
Abstrak: Orang-utans are big primates living arboreally and solitarily. Their solitary characteristics, wich was found to be quite different from those of other primate species, have been one of the difficulty factors for discovering them in their dwelling places in forests. This in turn, have resulted in a limited number of orang-utans having systemtically been traced during the course of data. collection. The study was aimedd to explore the habitat, daily activities and population of orang-utans related to habitat condition of Bohorok Nastional Park located in Gunung Leuser, and was carried out in forest areas of Sungai Landak and Sungai Musam, from July 1991 until January 1992. Survey methods employed were both the descriptive and qualitative methods. Observations on habitat conditions have included forest structure, vegetation type and composition, preference of food types and home range. Observations on feeding behavior, movements, restings and defensive behaviour to human disturbances and predators within their home range have also been carried out. Vegetation analysis have been carried out by using multiple plot method, and 144 sample plots have been obtained from five longitudinal stripes in forest areas of Sungai Landak and Sungai Musam. ehowed that the dominant species was materialis) with INP of Vegetation analysis 'damar laut' (Shorea 20.06%, 'kayu minyak' (Dipterocarpus sp.) with INP of 19.5%, 'samak jambu (Ixonanthus icesandra) with INP of 15.60%, and 'kayu merah' (Eugenia sp.) with INP of 13.1%. Tree density was fourd to be relatively low, i.e.. only 216 trees/ha, with species variability index (Shannon Wiener Index) of 3.78 and uniformity index of 0.83. Species variability index was considered relatively high and consisted of various age levels of natural forests. Among the various species related to tree densities, the densities of those which served as principal food sources of orang-utans, have been found to be relatively low. Tree density of Ficus sp. for example, was only 0.90 trees/ha, rambung-rambung' (Vernonea arborea) 1.67 trees/ha, rengas' (Gluata rengas) only 0.69 trees/ha, 'baju barus' (Manglietia glauca) 0.83 trees/ha, 'banitan' (Polyanthia glauca) 0.83 trees/ha.
Keyword: Pongo pymaeus abelii

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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