Judul: Production of Brachiaria humidicola Suprayed EM 4 (Effective Microorganisms) in Grazing Sheep
Abstrak: The main problems of tropical pasture for grazing animals is low production and quality of herbage, and high infestation of nematode. One of various methods to improve herbage productivity and quality, and to minimize harmful effects due to parasites infestation was introduced the Effective Microorganism (EM 4) in to the pasture. This experiment has been conducted in June 2004 - February 2005 at Jonggol Animal Science Teaching and Research Unit (JASTRU) Bogor, West Java. Forty eight female sheep that herded rotationally on Brachiaria humidicola pasture. The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of EM 4 to grass production and consumption, sheep body weight gain and nematode eggs number. This experiment arranged in split plot design replicated in time consisted of 2 factors. The stocking rates was the main plot consisted of three levels: 2 sheep, 4 sheep, and 6 sheep/paddock. The EM 4 concentrations as the sub plot consisted of four levels: 0 ml (without EM 4), 10 ml, 20 ml and 30 ml EM 4 / l water. The results were 1) The dry matter production of Brachiaria humidicola subjected to 2 sheep/paddock is significantly (P<0.05) higher than 4 and 6 sheep/paddock, as well as the use of 10; 20; 30 ml EM 4/l water compared to “without EM 4” treatment. 2) The higher stocking rate linearly decreased the body weight gain of sheep. 3) The highest number of nematode eggs significantly occurred in the beginning of rainy season and in the grazing area untreated with EM 4. Key words: Grazing, Effective Microorganisms,
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Judul: Seminar Nasional Fakultas Peternakan Unpad ke-2 "Sistem Produksi Berbasis Ekosistem Lokal"
Abstrak: This experiment was aimed to find out the optimum level of legume used as the grass substitution on nitrogen retention of sheep at UP3 Jonggol. This experiment was conducted according to completely randomized block design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were : R1(90% Brachiaria humidicola+ 10% Concentrate), R2(80% Brachiaria humidicola+10% legume+10% Concentrate), R3(70% Brachiaria humidicola+20% legume + 10% Concentrate), R4(60% Brachiaria humidicola+30% legume + 10% Concentrate), and R5 (70% Brachiaria humidicola+30% legume + 0% Concentrate). Variables measured were crude protein intake, crude protein digestibility, nitrogen retention, NH3, and VFA. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and treatment effects were further analyzed using Contras Orthogonal test. The experiment showed that treatments increased crude protein consumption (P<0,01). Furthermore, increasing the legume increased (P<0,05) NH3 and VFA but decreased (P<0,05) crude protein digestibility and there was no effect on nitrogen retention. Because of the forage quality was low, it was not able to increase the optimum body weight gain of the sheep. It was concluded that the substituted with 30% legume and concentrate was the optimum level in B. humidicola based ration. It could increase crude protein of diet and could increase crude protein consumption of sheep at UP3 Jonggol.
Keyword: grass substitution, completely randomized block design, crude protein intake, crude protein digestibility, nitrogen retention, Contras Orthogonal test, body weight gain

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf