Judul: Relationship Between Allocation Expenditure Regional and Agricultural Sector Performance: The Case of Pasaman after Autonomy regional
Abstrak: Pelaksanaan otonomi daerah diiringi dengan desentralisasi fiskal atau pelimpahan kewenangan pemerintah pusat kepada pemerintah daerah dengan tujuan antara lain yaitu untuk menggali potensi keuangan daerah secara optimal dan mengelola perekonomian daerah., The implementation of regional autonomy is followed by fiscal decentralization and authority delegation from central government to explore the potential budget and to manage the regional economy.
Keyword: basic sector, regional budget, pasaman regency

Judul: Impact of government spending on economic performance and poverty allevation in term of fiscal decentralization
Abstrak: The purposes of this study were to analyze the factors affecting the revenue and allocation of national budget and local government spending and its impact on the economy, flypaper effect, and to formulate policy recommendations in term of more effective and efficient government spending. This study used pooled data at the provincial level on period 2005-2010 and a simultaneous equations model applied to capture the behaviour of each variables. The results were: (1) potential local goverment revenue, fiscal need, and central government transfer were factors that determined the local goverment revenue, sharing revenue, and central government transfer, (2) flypaper effect occured on local expenditures, (3) decocentration funding and assistant task in agricultural sector had more affect on the growth of the agricultural sector, (4) sectoral budget allocation has a positive impact on the economic growth, employment, welfare and poverty allevation, especialy on Indonesia Easterm Regions and (5) The increased general fund allocation (DAU) had a greatest impact on fiscal performance and the regional economy (6) increase revenue-sharing and specific fund had positive impact on economic growth and reduce local government depedency on central government budget. Policy recommendations were: (1) enhancing the sources of local revenue potentially to be the alternative policy due to the fact that increased DAU provide the greatest impact to the regional economy, but will lead to increased dependency to the central government, then increasing revenue sharing may improve fiscal capacity and economic performance, (2) realocation of routine spending to development spending may improve economic performance, (3) designing the clearly authorities between central and local government on several sectors, including on the agricultural development that will be able to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government spending, and (4) Future studies need to be done with the data at the district or town level, and separate spesific fund by sector.
Keyword: fiscal decentralization, deconcentration and assistance tasks, flypaper effect, regional economy.

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity