Judul: Species diversity of subterranean termites in west jakarta and east jakarta
Abstrak: Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan sekitarnya merupakan wilayah dengan pertumbuhan infrastruktur, termasuk bangunan gedung yang paling tinggi di Indonesia. Sejalan dengan itu frekuensi serangan rayap pada bangunan gedung di wilayah tersebut juga sangat tinggi. Namun demikian potensi bahaya serangan rayap pada bangunan gedung di wilayah tersebut belum pernah dikaji secara ilmiah, termasuk keragaman spesies rayapnya. Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui keragaman spesies rayap tanah dan karakteristik tanah sebagai habitat rayap di Jakarta Barat dan Jakarta Timur. Pengumpulan spesimen rayap di masing-masing kota dilakukan di tiga kecamatan contoh dan enam kelurahan contoh yang dipilih secara acak. Di setiap kelurahan contoh, lima kayu umpan yang terbuat dari kayu pinus (Pinus merkusii) berukuran 2 x 2 x 40 cm berkadar air ± 18% dibenamkan secara vertikal ke dalam tanah. Spesimen rayap tanah yang menyerang kayu umpan diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan kunci pengenalan spesies rayap dari Ahmad (1958). Dari masing-masing kelurahan contoh juga diambil contoh tanahnya untuk dianalisis tekstur, kadar air, pH, dan kandungan Corganiknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Jakarta Barat dan Jakarta Timur sekurang-kurangnya terdapat empat spesies rayap tanah yaitu Macrotermes gilvus Hagen (Isoptera : Termitidae), Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae), Microtermes inspiratus Kemner ( Isoptera : Termitidae), dan Capritermes mohri Kemner (Isoptera : Termitidae). M. Inspiratus merupakan spesies yang paling tinggi frekuensi keberadaannya yaitu di enam kelurahan contoh, disusul oleh M. gilvus yang ditemukan di empat kelurahan contoh, serta C. curvignathus dan C. mohri yang masing-masing ditemukan di satu kelurahan contoh. Keberadaan rayap tanah C. curvignathus di Jakarta Timur (khususnya di Kelurahan Cililitan) patut mendapat perhatian mengingat spesies rayap tersebut merupakan spesies terpenting sebagai perusak kayu dan bangunan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik tanah di Jakarta Barat dan Jakarta Timur memang sesuai sebagai habitat rayap tanah., DKI Jakarta and its surrounding areas is a region with a fastest growing infrastructure development, including in building construction. In addition the frequency of termite attack on buildings in the region are also very high. However, the termite hazard risk in the region have not been studied scientifically, including its termite species diversity. A study was conducted to determine the diversity of subterranean termites species in West Jakarta and East Jakarta as well as the soil characteristics. In each city, termite specimens was collected in three districts and six sub districts (villages) randomly. In each village, five baits made of pine wood (2 x 2 x 40 cm, MC ± 18%) were buried verticaly. Specimens of the subterranean termites which attack bait wood were collected, and then identified according to Ahmad (1958). Soil sample was also taken from each village for texture, moisture content, pH, and C-organic content analysis. The results showed that in West Jakarta and East Jakarta there were at least four subterranean termites species i.e. Macrotermes gilvus Hagen (Isoptera: Termitidae), Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Microtermes inspiratus Kemner (Isoptera: Termitidae), and Capritermes mohri Kemner (Isoptera: Termitidae). Termite species which has highest frequency of distribution was M. inspiratus, followed by M. gilvus, C. curvignathus and C. mohri respectively. It was also revealed that in Cililitan Village there was a subterranean termite C.
Keyword: DKI Jakarta, karakteristik tanah, serangan rayap, spesies rayap

Judul: Identification of Subterranean Termites and Their Attack Characteristics on Settlements in DKI Jakarta Province
Abstrak: Serangan rayap pada bangunan semakin meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan pembangunan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta yang banyak mengubah kondisi lingkungan alaminya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi spesies rayap tanah yang menyerang bangunan gedung permukiman serta menganalisis karakteristik serangan rayap di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Penelitian dilakukan pada 57 lokasi permukiman di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Penentuan lokasi penelitian berdasarkan hasil survei kerusakan bangunan akibat serangan rayap dan kegiatan pemantauan aplikasi pengumpanan oleh PT Larusa Adi Sumindo selama empat bulan (September 2021-Desember 2021). Hasil identifikasi morfometri rayap ditemukan sekurang-kurangnya empat spesies rayap tanah yang menyerang bangunan yaitu Coptotermes curvignathus, Coptotermes gestroi, Macrotermes gilvus, dan Microtermes insperatus. Rayap C. gestroi merupakan spesies yang paling banyak ditemukan, yaitu di 39 lokasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan komponen bangunan akibat serangan rayap dengan persentase tertinggi yaitu kusen jendela dan pintu (49,1%) dan terendah yaitu pondasi (3,5%)
Keyword: DKI Jakarta, building damage, morphometry, settlement, subterranean termites

Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography