Judul: The Potency of semanggi leaf (Merseila crenata) Nanoencapsulation for stressed quails Due to Metilprednisolon Consumption
Abstrak: Burung puyuh mudah terkena stres oksidatif yang menyebabkan penurunan sitem imun. Daun semanggi memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang dapat dijadikan imunomodulator. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari nanoenkapsulasi daun semanggi sebagai imunomodulator pada puyuh yang mengalami stres akibat metilprednisolon. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 ekor puyuh yang dibagi 6 kelompok, yaitu: 1) KN, kelompok kontrol negatif; 2) KP, kelompok kontrol positif diberikan immunostimulant komersial; 3) K1, kelompok nanopartikel daun semanggi dosis 0,375 mg/kgBB, 4) K2 kelompok nanopartikel daun semanggi dosis 0,33 mg/kgBB; 5) K1+P, kelompok nanopartikel ekstrak daun semanggi dengan tween 80 dosis 0,375 mg/kg BB; 6) K2+P kelompok nanopartikel ekstrak daun semanggi dengan tween 80 dosis 0,33 mg/kgBB. Semua puyuh diimunisasi dengan sel darah merah domba 2,5% dan vaksin nd pada hari ke-7, kemudian di booster pada hari ke-17 dan diberikan metilprednisolon dosis 0,70 mg/160g BB. Pada hari ke- 24 diberikan perlakuan nanoenkapsulasi daun semanggi secara oral, lalu dilakukan pengambilan darah ke-3. Pada hari ke-32 dilakukan pengambilan darah ke-4 dan hari ke-36 dilakukan pengambilan darah ke-5. Hasil yang diamati pada penelitian adalah banyaknya total leukosit, diferensiasi leukosit, nilai rasio H/L dan titer antibodi SDMD dan ND dari burung puyuh akibat pemberian metilprednisolon.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian nanoenkapsulasi daun semanggi pada kelompok K2+P efektif dijadikan imunomodulator. Kata kunci: Daun semanggi, Imunomodulator, Nanoenkapsulasi, Puyuh, Quails susceptible to get stress causes decrease immune system in the body. Clover leaves have high antioxidant and can be used as immunomodulator. This study aimed the potential of clover leaf nanoencapsulation as an immunomodulator in quail due to administration of methylprednisolone. This study used 24 quail divided into 6 groups: 1) KN, negative control group;2) KP, the positive control group given a commercial immunostimulant; 3) K1, given clover leaf nanoparticles dose of 0.375 mg/kgBB, 4) K2 given clover leaf nanoparticles dose of 0.33 mg/kgBB; 5) K1+P, given clover leaf extract nanoparticles with tween 80 dose of 0.375 mg/kgBB; 6) K2+P given clover leaf extract nanoparticles with tween 80 dose of 0.33 mg/kgBB. All quail were immunized with multivaccine on day 7, then boosted on day 17 and given methylprednisolone dose of 0.70 mg/160gBB. Day 24th the treatment giving oral clover leaf nanoencapsulation and drawn the blood 3th. Day 32nd, the 4th blood was drawn and on the 36th day the 5th blood was drawn. The results observed leukocytes, leukocyte differentiation, H/L ratio and SDMD and ND antibody titers from quail that experienced due to methylprednisolone. The results showed that nanoencapsulated clover leaf in group K2+P 80 effective as immunomodulator. Keywords: Immunomodulator, Nanoencapsulate, Quail, Water clover
Keyword: Daun semanggi, Imunomodulator, Nanoenkapsulasi, Puyuh, Immunomodulator, Nanoencapsulate, Quail, Water clover

Judul: Potential Nanoencapsulation Extracts of Cassava Leaf as Immunomodulators in Quails given Methylprednisolone
Abstrak: Burung puyuh mudah mengalami stres sehingga memicu penurunan fungsi sistem kekebalan tubuh. Daun singkong dapat meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun singkong dan penggunaan teknologi nanoenkapsulasi untuk memperbaiki sistem imun pada puyuh yang mengalami stres oksidatif akibat pemberian metilprednisolon. Ekstrak daun singkong dibuat menggunakan metode maserasi, nanoenkapsulasi dibuat menggunakan metode gelasi ionik dengan penyalut kitosan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 6 kelompok dan masing-masing kelompok terdapat 4 ekor burung puyuh. Setiap kelompok diberikan metilprednisolon dosis 0,70 mg/Kg BB, antigen sel darah merah domba dan vaksin aktif newcastle desease (ND) La Sota. Perlakuan yang diberikan KN (Kontrol negatif: tanpa perlakuan), KP (Kontrol positif: Stimuno 0.75 mg/kgBB), N1 (Nanoenkapsulasi 19.0512 mg/KgBB), N2 (Nanoenkapsulasi 21.168 /kgBB), N1T (Nanoenkapsulasi 19.0512/kgBB dengan tween 0.3%) dan N2T (Nanoenkapsulasi 21.168 mg/KgBB dengan tween 3%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian nanoenkapsulasi ekstrak daun singkong dengan atau tanpa penambahan tween 80 berpengaruh signifikan (P<0.05) terhadap peningkatan total leukosit dan limfosit, menurunkan heterofil dan rasio heterofil-limfosit serta memacu terbentuknya antibodi terhadap SDMD maupun titer antibodi protektif terhadap ND. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa nanoenkapsulasi ekstrak daun singkong memiliki potensi yang baik sebagai imunomodulator., Quails are easily stressed, triggering a decrease in immune system function. Cassava leaves can improve the immune system. The research aims to study the potency of cassava leaves nanoencapsulation as immunomodulators for stressed quails due to methylprednisolone. Cassava leaves extract were prepared using maceration method, nanoencapsulation were using ionic gelation method with chitosan coating. This study consisted of 6 groups each group contained 4 quails. Each group was given methylprednisolone at a dose of 0.70 mg/Kg BW, sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antygen, and Newcastle Desease (ND) La Sota active vaccine. Treatments given were KN (Negative control: without treatment), KP (Positive control: Stimuno 0.75 mg/Kg BW), N1 (Nanoencapsulation 19.0512 mg/Kg BW), N2 (Nanoencapsulation 21.168 mg/Kg BW), N1T (Nanoencapsulation 19.0512 mg/Kg BW with 0.3% tween 80) and N2T (Nanoencapsulation 21.168 mg/Kg BW with 3% tween 80). The results showed that cassava leaf extract nanoencapsulation with or without tween 80 had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the increase leukocytes number and lymphocytes, decreased of heterophil and ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes, produced SRBC antibody titers and protective antibody titer to ND. This finding indicates that cassava leaf extract nanoencapsulation has good potency as an immunomodulator.
Keyword: cassava leaf, immune system, immunomodulators, nanoencapsulation, quail

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
Keyword: