Judul: Keanekaragaman Spesies Burung dan Amfibi Pada Lanskap Didominasi Manusia di Wilayah Bogor
Abstrak: Human dominated lanscape (HDL) become alternative to conserve biodiversity as the part was integrated with protected natural landscape. Birds and amphibians were chosen as indicator because of their sensitivity towards habitat change. This research aimed to analyze structure and composition of birds and amphibian community, relationship between birds and amphibian community, and relationship of both taxon with area. Bird sampling was taken using IPA method, whereas sample of amphibians were taken using transect. Survey were carried out in six habitat in Bogor which consist of nature forest, mixed forest plantation, monoculture forest plantation, seasonal garden, paddyfield and housing complex. Total observation of birds was 557 hours (5013 points) and amphibian was 424 hours (1693 transects). Total encounter for all locations was 100 birds species (individu~1 mean 5731.6) and 16 amphibian species (individual mean 1478.3). Cave-Swiftlet Collocalia lin chi and Scalybreasted Munia Lonchura punctulata is dominant birds. Marsh Frog Fejervarya Iimnocharis is dominant for five habitat, except the housing was dominated Asian Toad Buto melanostictus. All stages of successional HDL had highly similar both bird and amphibian assemblages. MUlti-dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis resulted three clusters based on similarity of both birds and amphibian. Bird correlation with amphibian was significant for all location (r=0.69). Amphibian with area was significant for all location «r=0.92) and for housing habitat (r=O.68).
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Judul: Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung pada Beberapa Cluster Perumahan di Sentul City, Bogor Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Sentul City held the eco-city concept and has a unique landscape with a variety of topography. This area has a variety of vegetation structure and composition which are distributed in several residential clusters. One of the biodiversity that can be found in this area is bird. Variety of habitat types will influence the bird diversity in each area (Blendinger and Ricardo 2001). The objective of this research were (1) to describe the habitat of birds, (2) to examine bird diversity, (3) to compare the bird composition among cluster types, (4) to examine vertical and horizontal distributions of birds in several vegetation and tree architecture, (5) to examine the influence of tree architecture on tree utilization by bird. The research was conducted in Sentul City from June to September 2011, in the area of research are five residential cluster which are selected by the age of cluster and composition of vegetation, and one location is a boulevard. The habitat condition and vegetation (dominant vegetation, tree height, type of tree architecture, vertical and architecture utilized side) are described with qualitative data and collected by direct survey. Bird data is collected by MacKinnon species list method (MacKinnon et al. 1998) with 10 species of birds each list. Bird diversity analyzed by using species area curve, meet frequence and index of similarity. Utilization of vegetation using descriptive analysis. A total of 42 species of bird from 24 families were recorded in this research. There were 6 species cannot find and 25 new species recorded compare by the result of AMDAL Bukit Sentul at 2000. The highest bird diversity found in Northridge cluster with 33 species of bird and the lowest bird diversity found in Venesia-Pasadena-Sakura cluster. Based on MacKinnon species list result, showed the leveled out of curve. It showed there was nothing increment of bird species at research location. Some of birds have a high number of meet frequence in one location, but cannot find in other location. It showed there was a low distribution of bird species. The highest similarity index was found between Bali cluster and Venesia-Pasadena-Sakura cluster (IS=0.76). In general, most of bird can be found at 2/3 of tree crown except in Argenia cluster. Midlde branching part of the tree crown are the most utilize part by bird. There are management method that can impelement, (1) provide and defence birds habitat, (2) planting a favourite vegetation for birds, (3) establish protected area for birds, (4) research on bird diversity in other locations, (5) intensively monitoring on bird diversity, (6) Sosialization in the importance of bird diversity, (7) develope an environmental education programs.
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Judul: Pengaruh Konsentrasi Yeast dan Jenis Emulsifier pada Frozen Dough
Abstrak: Frozen dough adalah produk adonan beku yang diproses dengan menggunakan teknologi air blast freezer dengan suhu (-30°C). Adonan dari frozen dough memiliki keuntungan antara lain dapat diproduksi secara sentralisasi, mudah dalam distribusi atau transportasi, dan umur simpan produk lebih panjang. Kelemahan frozen dough yaitu penurunan retensi gas CO2 selama proofing dan penurunan volume potongan roti akibat kematian sel-sel khamir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang formulasi frozen dough dan proses produksi dari awal hingga akhir serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh yeast dan jenis emulsifier dalam pembuatan roti dari frozen dough. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap yaitu penelitian tahap pertama, kedua, dan ketiga. Penelitian tahap pertama untuk menentukan formulasi dan proses pembuatan roti manis, penelitian tahap kedua untuk menentukan formulasi dan proses pembuatan roti manis dari frozen dough, dan penelitian tahap ketiga untuk melakukan analisis adonan yang telah dibekukan dalam air blast freezer dan analisis produk dari frozen dough. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis pada adonan dan produk akhir. Analisis pada adonan yaitu potensi pengembangan adonan, volume spesifik adonan, dan analisis ekstensograf, sedangkan analisis pada produk roti yaitu analisis bread firmness, volume spesifik adonan, analisis warna crust dan crumb dengan chromameter, dan uji organoleptik. Hasil formulasi terpilih untuk pembuatan produk roti manis meliputi bahan-bahan sebagai berikut tepung terigu (100 g), air es (40-50g), yeast (1-2g), garam (1-2g), gula pasir (20-25g), susu bubuk (2-4g), telur (10-15g), lemak (10- 15g), dan bread improver (1-1.5g). Produk yang dihasilkan dari formulasi tersebut memiliki rasa aroma susu yang khas dan teksturnya lembut. Hasil analisis diperoleh potensi pengembangan adonan roti manis yaitu pada menit ke-50 sampai menit ke-160. Volume spesifik adonan roti manis yaitu sebesar 29.60 ± 0.5657 cm3 / 30 gram adonan. Berdasarkan uji ekstensograf, maksimum resistensi peregangan adonan roti manis pada menit ke-45 sebesar 657.5 BU menjadi 410 BU pada menit ke-135, sedangkan ekstensibilitas adonan pada menit ke-45 sebesar 16.6 cm menjadi 14.2 cm pada menit ke-135. Untuk analisis produk roti manis, nilai bread firmness sebesar 0.496 gf, volume spesifik roti sebesar 160.50 ± 0.7071 cm3 / 30 gram adonan, warna crust dengan nilai L sebesar 45.19, nilai a sebesar 18.27, dan nilai b sebesar 27.03. sedangkan nilai L untuk warna crumb sebesar 77.95, nilai a sebesar -1.54, dan nilai b sebesar 27.69.Hasil uji organoletik (uji hedonik) pada 25 orang panelis tidak terlatih dengan skala penilaian 5 tingkat (1= sangat tidak suka. 2= tidak suka, 3= netral, 4= suka, 5= sangat suka ) diperoleh level of acceptance sebesar 3.40, dengan nilai rata-rata aroma sebesar 3.24, tekstur sebesar 3.38, rasa keseluruhan 3.44, aftertaste 3.52. Hasil formulasi untuk frozen dough terdiri dari tepung terigu (100g), air es (60-65g), yeast (4,4.5, 5 g), garam (1-2g), gula pasir (20-25g), susu bubuk (2- 4g), lemak (10-15g), emulsifier A atau B (0.3g), dan antioksidan (100-200 ppm). Kombinasi antara konsentarsi yeast dan jenis emulsifier menghasilkan 6 formulasi 4 perlakuan adonan. Keseluruhan perlakuan disimpan dalam freezer suhu -20°C selama 0 hari, 7 hari, 14 hari, dan 21 hari. Proses pembuatan frozen dough sendiri dimulai dari penimbangan bahan, kemudian pencampuran bahan menjadi adonan, resting, pembekuan adonan dalam air blast freezer, penyimpanan beku dalam freezer. Apabila frozen dough diubah
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