Judul: Evaluation of Service Life of Kadumalik Reservoir - Majalengka Regency, West Jabar
Abstrak: Waduk Kadumalik merupakan proyek strategis nasional yang berada di dua Kabupaten, yakni Kabupaten Sumedang dan Kabupaten Majalengka dengan tujuan pembangunan untuk kebutuhan air irigasi, penyediaan air baku Kabupaten Majalengka dan pembangkit listrik tenaga air (PLTA). Permasalahan yang sering dihadapi waduk – waduk yang ada di Indonesia pada umumnya adalah tingginya laju sedimentasi sebagai akibat dari meningkatnya laju erosi permukaan, maupun erosi tebing di daerah hulu atau daerah pengaliran sungainya. Hal ini menimbulkan dampak negatif yaitu menurunkan efektivitas dan daya tampung waduk sehingga dapat mempengaruhi umur layanan waduk. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dengan menggunakan metode prediksi efisiensi tangkapan, Waduk Kadumalik diprediksikan hanya mencapai umur 10 tahun layanan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menghitung prediksi besarnya sedimentasi yang terkumpul pada Waduk Kadumalik dengan menggunakan pemodelan SWAT+ dan mengevaluasi umur layanan berdasarkan analisis volume tampungan mati (dead storage) dan hasil pemodelan output SWAT+. Berdasarkan perhitungan dengan metode kapasitas tampungan mati (dead storage) yang diukur menggunakan aplikasi Surfer, umur layanan Waduk Kadumalik yaitu 13,7 tahun dengan laju sedimentasi 789.617 ton/tahun. Dengan melakukan modifikasi tutupan lahan, umur layanan Waduk Kadumalik menjadi 14,59 tahun dengan nilai laju sedimentasi 740.817 ton/tahun. Hasil tersebut diambil dari skenario yang menghasilkan sedimentasi yang paling rendah yaitu di skenario kedua. Pada skenario kedua ini ada perubahan tutupan lahan dari tegalan (AGRL) menjadi hutan rimba (FRSE) sehingga tutupan lahan hutan rimba menjadi 30% dari tutupan lahan di Sub DAS Cilutung. Namun pada skenario ketiga tutupan lahan hutan rimba (FRSE) menjadi 40% dan simulasi SWAT+ menghasilkan sedimentasi yang lebih tinggi dari pada skenario kedua. Hal ini dikarenakan pada skenario ketiga tutupan lahan tegalan (AGRL) tersisa 10% sehingga hutan campuran (FOMI) yang kemudian diubah ke hutan rimba (FRSE)., Kadumalik Reservoir is a national strategic project located in two regencies, namely Sumedang Regency and Majalengka Regency, aiming to provide irrigation water and water supply for Majalengka Regency and hydroelectric power plant. The problem common for the reservoirs in Indonesia, in general, is the high sedimentation rate due to the increasing rate of land erosion and cliff erosion. This has a negative impact, namely reducing the effectiveness and capacity of the reservoir so that it can affect the lifetime of the reservoir. Based on the analysis results using the predictive method of catch efficiency, the Kadumalik Reservoir is predicted only reach ten years of service life. The purpose of this study is to calculate the prediction of the amount of sedimentation collected in the Kadumalik Reservoir using SWAT+ modeling and evaluating the service life based on the analysis of dead storage volume and SWAT+ output modeling results. Based on calculations using the dead storage capacity method measured using the Surfer application, the service life of the Kadumalik Reservoir is 13,7 years with a sedimentation rate of 789.617 tons/year. By modifying the land cover, the service life of the Kadumalik Reservoir becomes 14,59 years with a sedimentation rate of 740.817 tons/year. The results are taken from the scenario that produces the lowest sedimentation, namely the second scenario. On the second scenario there a change in land cover from dry land (AGRL) to the evergreen forest (FRSE) so that the forest
Keyword: SWAT+, umur layanan, Waduk Kadumalik

Judul: Model pengendalian sedimentasi waduk akibat erosi lahan dan longsoran di Waduk Bili-Bili Sulawesi Selatan
Abstrak: The main objective of this research is to design the model of sedimentation control of reservoir that has sustainability oriented to improve miner and farmer incomes without dismissing environmental interests. In particular, the general objective is achieved through several phases with their aims as follows; (1) determine the level of soil erosion in the sub watershed Jeneberang, as well as the impact of land management and information to determine the direction of land management in the watershed, (2) determine the impact of caldera landslide at Jeneberang sub watershed to sedimentation rates in the Bili-Bili dam, and (3) formulate the model of sedimentation control of reservoir due to land erosion and landslide. Research is conducted in Bili-Bili dam, South Sulawesi, from Juli 2009 until Pebruari 2010. First, research has conducted to determine land erosion using MWAGNPS as a model of cell-based rainfall events with the main components were topographic maps, land use and soil type. This model able to determine the source of erosion and the erosion that occurs. Second, research was conducted based on field survey of caldera landslide at upstream and sedimentation rate in the Bili-Bili dam. And the last, design the dynamical model of sedimentation control of reservoir using Stella 9.0.2 program analysis. The Result Showed that Jeneberang sub watershed dominated by steep areas topography is 10.080 ha (26.22%) and the closure of forested land is 12.250 ha (31.87%). Simulation MWAGNPS model showed when watershed Jeneberang has 31.66 mm of rain events with 30-minute rainfall intensity (EI30) can caused erosion 44.81 tons/ha and the sedimentation rate is 2,22 tons/ha. The source of erosion in the sub watershed Jeneberang from farm/moor caused erosion is 29,552.14 tons/ha/year and a total of 4,562,625.84 tons of sediment. Caldera landslide in 2004 caused sediment flow from upstream of Jeneberang watershed was 45,027,954 m3. Sabo dam as a sediment control along the Jeneberang upstream has function effectively. It was seen from the volume flow of sediment that can be controlled up to the year 2008 is 1,915,671 m3. Sedimentation rate before the event of landslide caldera, sediment deposited in Bili-Bili dam cumulatively is 8.376 million m3 (April 2001). Five years after the landslide sediment volume has reached 75.055 million m3 in 2009. Based on Trap efficiency showed that efficiency of Bili-Bili dam was decrease from 90.81% in 1997 to 73.34% in 2005, and then increased in 2007 (92.57%) and in 2008 decrease become 89.79%. Dynamical model simulation of reservoir sedimentation control showed sedimentation in dead storage capacity increase to completed in year of 2022. Moderate and optimistic scenario more effective in decreasing sedimentation in reservoir and increasing community income especially for the miner. Finally, moderate scenario can use of sedimentation control of reservoir in Bili-Bili dam, South Sulawesi.
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Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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