Judul: Sustainable Development Pattern of Scad Resources (Decapterus spp) in North Maluku Waters
Abstrak: The potential of scad resources in North Maluku waters is expected to be abundant with the utilization level considered as developing, however, specifically there is different fishing stress on scad resources. The objectives of the research are: 1) to determine the main priority for scad fishing technology based on biological, technical, social, economic, and environmentally friendly aspects; 2) to determine the optimization of scad fishery management; 3) to determine biological characteristics of scad (Decapterus macarelluas) based on fish population parameter approach; 4) to determine minimum net mesh size of the selected fishing gear; 5) to determine the pattern of fishing season and the impact on catch of scad; and 6) to arrange the sustainable development pattern of scad resources in North Maluku waters. The research used survey and observation method. The method applied in the analysis was scoring and value function, Gordon-Schaefer model on sustainable production function and bio-economy, Linear Goal Programming model, fish population parameter analysis, simple linear regression analysis, moving average method, and descriptive model. Result showed that scad fishing technology that is appropriate to be developed is mini purse seine. Estimation of scad catch result optimum value is 19.754, 248 ton per year with optimum catch effort is 28.135 mini purse seine standard trip, and thus the maximum profit obtained is Rp. 90.717.199.850,00. The allocation of recommended mini purse seine fishing unit is 202 units that employ around 2626 fishermen. The analysis of several scad (Decapterus macerellus) population parameters resulted faster growth of female scad compare to the male and both reached maximum length in the age of 4 years. Scad growth characteristic is “Alometric minor”, which means that the growth of its body length is faster than its weight. Scad caught was dominated by immature gonad. The highest amount of mature gonad scad was found in March and the size at first gonad maturity is reached at 25,8 cm total length. The spawning period is during April/May. Fecundity obtained is around 28875-84000 with the total length vary from 268- 310 mm. The amount of egg is highly influenced by the fish’s total length. The pattern of fishing season is following the scad’s abundance pattern. The peaks of scad fishing season occurs in March-October with the highest point reached in August. While fishing ground December – February indicated by lowest catch. Catch area and scad fishing season in various waters in North Maluku covers: (1) the center part of North Maluku, with fishing season from February -May and July - September; (2) southern part of North Maluku with fishing season from April - October; and (3) northern part of North Maluku with fishing season from April - September. A sustainable development pattern of scad resources in North Maluku waters has been arranged, which covers 5 components: Selected scad fishing technology, optimization of scad fishery management, scad biology, minimum mesh size of chosen fishing gear, and the pattern of fishing season.
Keyword: fishing technology, scad fishery management, fish population parameter approach, mini purse seine

Judul: A Study on the Population of Shortfin Scad (Decapterus macrosoma) in Banda Neira Waters, Maluku
Abstrak: penting yang banyak terdapat di Banda Neira. Pada umumnya penangkapan ikan ini dengan menggunakan pancing dan jaring insan, namun seiring dengan perkembangan alat penangkapan ikan, penangkapan beralih dengan menggunakan mini purse seine. Penangkapan dengan mini purse seine akhir-akhir ini tidak memikirkan keberlanjutan usaha penangkapan dan populasi ikan D.macrosoma di masa-masa yang akan datang. Hal ini ditandai dengan tingginya penangkapan ikan-ikan muda yang terus dilakukan. Untuk mempertahankan kondisi usaha perikanan tangkap khususnya perikanan ikan D.macrosoma di Banda Neira saat sekarang dan masa yang akan datang, maka pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan harus berasaskan prinsip kehati-hatian dan berkelanjutan. Untuk itu hal yang pertama yang harus dilakukan adalah kajian terhadap beberapa parameter populasi, diantaranya pola pertumbuhan, reproduksi dan konsep pengelolaan ikan D.macrosoma di Perairan Banda Neira. Pelaksanaan penelitian berlangsung pada bulan Februari sampai dengan Agustus 2010 di Perairan Banda Neira, Maluku. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dilima stasiun, berdasarkan lokasi penangkapan ikan D.macrosoma. Penangkapan dilakukan pada saat malam hari atau menjelang pagi hari dengan mini purse seine (panjang jaring 235 meter, tinggi 65 meter dengan ukuran mata pada bagian kantong 1inchi atau 2.54 cm). Metode yang digunakan delam penelitian ini adalah diskripsi analitik. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa parameter biologi berupa panjang total, bobot total, berat gonad, jenis kelamin, indeks kematangan gonad (IKG) dan tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG). Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu distribusi ukuran panjang total, bobot dan faktor kondisi, reproduksi terdiri dari nisbah kelamin, TKG, IKG, ukuran ikan pertama kali matang gonad, pendugaan parameter pertumbuhan (ELEFAN I), mortalitas laju eksploitasi dan analisis hasil per penambahan baru relatif (Y/R’) dan biomasa per penambahan baru (B/R’)., Shortfin Scad (Decapterus macrosoma) is one of the fish resource found in Banda Neira waters, which at the moment is being commercially exploited by mini purse seine. This research was carried out from February to August 2010 to investigate growth, reproduction, and exploitation rates and determine the mangement aspect of the fish resource. Method used in this research was descriptive analysis. Samples were randomly taken once a week for as many as 50-100 individual of fish (N = 1937, male = 979, female = 958). The result obtained from this study shows that sex ratio of the fish was of 1:1. The total body length ranged between 75 and 315 mm. In general, the fish is spawned between February and March. The size of the first male and female mature gonad was 250 mm total body length. The highest gonad somatic index was 2.19% (February) and the lowest one was 1.7% (June). The growth of the fish followed by Von Bertalanffy’s model, where male and female fish were Lt = 309.75 (1 – e -0.38 (t +0.03)), and Lt = 331.8 (1 – e -0.26 (t + 0.02)), respectively. The growth of male fish was found faster (K = 0.38 mm/month) comparing to the female one (K = 0.26 mm/month). The total mortality (Z) was 0.55 consisting of natural mortality (M) 0.47 and fishing mortality (F) 0.08. The level of fish exploitation (E) was about 0.1 with an average exploitation (U) 0.06. The yield per recruitment (Y/R’) at E reached its
Keyword: Shortfin scad, Population study, Mesh size change, Fishing season, Banda Neira waters, Fishing season

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
Keyword: