Judul: Effectiveness of Weekly Feeding with Indole3-Acetic Acid on the Growth and Health of Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus
vannamei) Post Larvae
Abstrak: Indole-3-acetic acid dapat berfungsi dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan saluran pencernaan, kinerja pertumbuhan dan reproduksi beberapa jenis hewan, namun penelitian penggunaan indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) pada udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) masih belum dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penambahan indole-3-acetic acid pada pakan dengan dosis berbeda secara mingguan terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan kesehatan udang vaname. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan, yaitu pakan tanpa IAA (IN0), pakan dengan dosis IAA 50 mg kg-1 (IN50), 100 mg kg-1 (IN100), 150 mg kg-1 (IN150), dan 200 mg kg-1 (IN200). Udang vaname PL (post larva) 8 diperoleh dari hatchery kemudian diaklimatisasi selama 13 hari dalam bak fiber (7 m3). Udang ditebar dalam wadah 5 L dengan kepadatan 20 ekor per wadah dan dipelihara selama 30 hari. Pemberian pakan dilakukan setiap hari, sedangkan pakan uji diberikan satu hari dalam seminggu. Pada akhir masa pemeliharaan, sepuluh ekor udang diuji tantang menggunakan bakteri Vibrio parahaemolyticus secara imersi. Setelah uji tantang dilakukan pengamatan histologi hepatopankreas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan dengan penambahan IAA dosis berbeda setiap minggu tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan pada kinerja pertumbuhan udang. Kisaran laju pertumbuhan spesifik, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, rasio konversi pakan dan rasio efisiensi protein udang selama pemeliharaan adalah 8,07–8,60%, 85,00–93,75%, 1,42-1,44, dan 1,75-1,79. Hasil histopatologi udang yang di uji tantang menggunakan bakteri V.parahaemolyticus menunjukkan bahwa IAA dosis 200 mg kg-1 dapat menghambat bakteri sehingga tidak menyerang hepatopankreas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian pakan dengan penambahan IAA tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan, namun dapat meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap V. parahaemolyticus dengan dosis terbaik 200 mg kg-1 pakan., Indole-3-acetic acid can function in maintaining the health of the digestive tract, growth and reproductive performance of some animal species, however research on the use of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has not yet been carried out. This research aims to evaluate the effect of weekly feeding of IAA supplemented diet at different doses on the growth performance and health of shrimp. The research was carried out using a completely randomized plan (CRD) with five treatments and four replications, namely feed without IAA (IN0) and feed with IAA at a dose of 50 mg kg-1 (IN50), 100 mg kg1 (IN100), 150 mg kg-1 (IN150), and 200 mg kg-1 (IN200). White shrimp PL (post larvae) 8 were obtained from the hatchery and then acclimatized for 13 days in a fiber bath (7 m3 ). Shrimp were stocked in 5 L containers at a density of 20 shrimp per container and maintained for 30 days. Daily feeding was carried out 4 times a day, while the tested diet was given once every week. At the end of the rearing period, ten shrimp were challenged using Vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogenic bacteria by immersion for five days and on the fourth day after challenge, hepatopancreas histology samples were taken. The result of this study shows that feeding with IAA supplemented diet at different doses every week did not have significant effects on the shrimp growth performance. The ranges for shrimp specific growth rata, survival, feed conversion rasio and protein efficiency rasio were 8,07–8,60%/day,
Keyword: indole-3-acetic acid, pakan, udang vaname, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, kinerja pertumbuhan

Judul: Performa Pertumbuhan dan Vitalitas  Udang Vaname yang Diberi Dosis dan Genus Probiotik Berbeda
Abstrak: Penambahan probiotik pada pakan merupakan salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan udang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pemberian probiotik Bacillus cereus BR2 dan probiotik Staphylococcus lentus L1k yang diberikan melalui pakan dengan dosis berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan uji vitalitas udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Hewan uji memiliki bobot rata-rata 0,19±0,02 g. Penelitian terdiri dari lima perlakuan dengan empat kali ulangan. Perlakuan uji meliputi A (penambahan pakan dengan probiotik BR2 kepadatan 103 CFU ml-1; 1% v/w), B (penambahan pakan dengan probiotik BR2 kepadatan 106 CFU ml-1; 1% v/w), C (penambahan pakan dengan probiotik L1k kepadatan 103 CFU ml-1; 1% v/w), D (penambahan pakan dengan probiotik L1k kepadatan 106 CFU ml-1; 1% v/w), dan kontrol (tanpa penambahan probiotik). Penelitian dilakukan selama 50 hari dan dilakukan sampling setiap 10 hari sekali. Hasil dari penelitian diperoleh nilai pada parameter Survival Rate (SR), Pertambahan Bobot Mutlak (PBM), Laju Pertumbuhan Harian (LPH), Rasio Konversi Pakan (RKP), dan Survival Rate (SR) saat uji respons stres pada perlakuan penambahan probiotik berbeda nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kontrol. Pemberian probiotik BR2 dan L1k melalui pakan dapat meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan dan vitalitas udang dengan hasil terbaik pada perlakuan L1k dosis 103 CFUml-1; 1% v/w., The addition of probiotics to feed is one of the efforts that can be made to improve the quality of shrimp. This study aimed to evaluate the administration of probiotics Bacillus cereus BR2 and probiotic Staphylococcus lentus L1k administered through feed with different doses against the growth and vitality test of vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Test animals have an average weight of 0,19±0,02 g. The study consisted of five treatments with four replication. The test treatments were A (addition of feed with probiotic BR2 density 103 CFU ml1 ; 1% v/w), B (addition of feed with probiotic BR2 density 106 CFU ml-1; 1% v/w), C (addition of feed with probiotic L1k density 103 CFU ml-1; 1% v/w), D (addition of feed with probiotic L1k density 106 CFU ml-1; 1% v/w), and control (without the addition of probiotics). The research was conducted for 50 days and sampling every 10 days. Results from the study obtained values on parameters Survival Rate (SR), Absolute Growth Weight (AGW), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Feed Conversion Rate (FCR), and Survival Rate (SR) during stress response tests on probiotic addition treatments significanly different (P<0,05) to control. Administering probiotics BR2 and L1k through feed can improve the growth performance and viability of shrimp with the best results at L1k treatment dose 103 CFUml-1; 1% v/w).
Keyword: performance growth, probiotics, shrimp vaname, vitality

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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