Judul: The utilization of blood from slaughterhouse waste as a high protein feed in increasing the biomass of worm lumbricus rubellus.
Abstrak: Pemotongan sapi di Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) menghasilkan limbah organik cair berupa darah. Darah yang terbuang ke lingkungan tanpa proses pengolahan dapat mencemari lingkungan. Darah dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan tinggi protein dalam budidaya Lumbricus rubellus. L.rubellus adalah cacing tanah subtropis yang memiliki kemampuan menguraikan limbah organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa penggunaan taraf darah terbaik dalam meningkatkan biomassa dan produksi kokon L.rubellus. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Taraf darah yang digunakan adalah 0%, 2.5%, 5% dan 7.5% dari jumlah pakan. Pakan yang digunakan terdiri dari feses sapi perah dan cacahan batang pisang. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncant. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan taraf darah berbeda memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan biomassa dan jumlah kokon (P<0.05). Taraf darah 2.5% memberikan pertumbuhan biomassa dan jumlah kokon tertinggi sedangkan taraf darah 7.5% memberikan pengaruh terendah., Beef slaughterhouse produces liquid organic wastes such as blood. Blood which discharged into the environment without treatment process can pollute the environment. Blood can be used as high-protein feed in the Lumbricus rubellus culture. Lumbricus rubellus is subtopis earthworms that have the ability to decompose organic waste. This study aimed to analyze the best blood level that support biomass and L.rubellus cocoon production. This study used Completely Randomized Design and blood levels used were 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% of the feed total. The feed consisted of dairy cattle feces and shredded banana stem. The collected data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncant’s Multiple Range Test at (p<0.05). The results showed that the addition of different blood level had a significant effect on increasing biomass and number of cocoons (p<0.05). Blood level of 2.5% gave the highest biomass growth and number of cocoons while the blood level of 7.5% gave the lowest effect.
Keyword: batang pisang, biomassa, darah, feses sapi, Lumbricus rubellus

Judul: Productivity of Earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) in Mixed Media of Cow Manure and Chicken Manure with Different Levels
Abstrak: Cacing tanah atau jenis Lumbricus rubellus tergolong dalam kelompok avertebrata atau tidak bertulang belakang yang memiliki potensi dan banyak manfaat serta mudah dibudidayaka dengan menggunakan media kotoran ternak. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis produktivitas cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) dalam media campuran kotoran sapi dan kotoran ayam dengan taraf yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Media yang digunakan kotoran sapi dengan penambahan kotoran ayam IPB-D1 dengan taraf berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan kotoran sapi dengan penambahan kotoran ayam IPB-D1 berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap produktivitas cacing tanah. Penggunaan kotoran sapi sebanyak 95% dengan penambahan kotoran ayam sebanyak 5% berpengaruh nyata dan dapat meningkatkan jumlah populasi cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) sebanyak 285,67 g dan penyusutan media sebesar 164,17 g. Penggunaan kotoran sapi sebanyak 85% dengan penambahan kotoran ayam sebanyak 15% dapat meningkatkan bobot cacing tanah sebesar 17,09 g dan produksi kokon sebanyak 155,58 butir. Pencampuran kotoran ayam pada kotoran sapi sebanyak ≤15% baik untuk produktivitas cacing Lumbricus rubellus, sebaliknya >15% menurunkan produktivitas cacing tanah., Earthworms or type Lumbricus rubellus belong to the group of invertebrates or not vertebrates that have the potential and many benefits and are easily cultivated using livestock manure media. The purpose of this study was to analyze the productivity of earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) in mixed media of cow manure and chicken manure with different levels. This study used a complete randomized design (RAL) with 6 treatments and 3 replications with Duncan's further test. Media used cow manure with the addition of chicken manure IPB-D1 with different levels. The results showed the use of cow dung with chicken manure addition IPB-D1 significant effect (P<0.05) on productivity of earthworms. The use of cow manure as much as 95% with the addition of chicken manure as much as 5% effect and could increase population of earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) as much as 285.67 g and shrinkage of the media by 164.17 g. The use of 85% cow manure with the addition of 15% chicken manure could increase the weight of earthworms by 17.09 g and cocoon production by 155.58 grains. The use of cow manure with the addition of chicken manure exceeds 15% could actually reduce the productivity of earthworms Lumbricus rubellus.
Keyword: cattle manure, chicken manure, Lumbricus rubellus, productivity

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
Keyword: