Judul: Kriteria Habitat Sebagai Tempat Pelepasliaran Elang Brontok (Nisaetus cirrhatus, Gmelin 1788) Di Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak
Abstrak: Elang brontok adalah burung pemangsa yang mengalami penurunan populasi di Indonesia karena adanya degradasi habitat.Salah satu upaya pelestarian elang brontok yaitu kegiatan pelepasliaran.Kegiatan pelepasliaran membutuhkan habitat yang layak untuk menjamin kehidupan elang brontok.Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kriteria habitat habitat sebagai tempat pelepasliaran elang brontok.Penelitian dilakukan di daerah Loji, Pongkor, dan Koridor Halimun Salak (KHS) Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak.Hasil penelitian yaitu jenis pakan elang brontok terdiri dari taksa burung, mamalia, amfibi dan reptil.Habitat yang dipilih elang brontok berupa hutan yang berada pada punggungan dengan tingkat kelerangan yang curam. Interaksi elang brontok dengan elang lain tidak terlihat secara langsung, namun terdapat penggunaan habitat elang brontok oleh jenis elang jawa, elang ular bido dan elang hitam.Pada habitat elang brontok terdapat potensi gangguan dan ancaman bagi kelangsungan hidup elang brontok.Berdasarkan hasil penilaian habitat, habitat hutan primer di Koridor Halimun Salak (KHS) cukup layak sebagai tempat pelepasliaran elang brontok (38), sedangkan habitat hutan sekunder tidak layak (31).
Keyword: elang brontok, habitat, pelepasliaran

Judul: Evaluasi Habitat Elang Jawa (Nisaetus bartelsi) di Koridor Halimun Salak Pasca Restorasi
Abstrak: Koridor Halimun Salak (KHS) mengalami degradasi lahan yang tinggi sebelum berada di bawah pengelolaan Balai Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (BTNGHS). Padahal keberadaan KHS penting sebagai sarana pertukaran genetik (genetic flow), habitat, dan jalur pergerakan bagi satwa-satwa seperti elang jawa. Elang jawa (Nisaetus bartelsi) merupakan spesies raptor endemik di Pulau Jawa, spesies indikator untuk ekosistem alami, dan spesies prioritas untuk dikonservasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengevaluasi kondisi KHS pasca restorasi sebagai habitat elang jawa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode observasi dan analisis vegetasi untuk mengetahui karakteristik lanskap koridor, serta melakukan skoring terhadap karakteristik vegetasi untuk mengetahui tingkat kesesuaian KHS sebagai habitat elang jawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KHS didominasi lereng curam, elevasi 767-1507 mdpl, dan landform berbukit hingga pegunungan. Berdasarkan analisis vegetasi, puspa (Schima wallichii) mendominasi kawasan dengan INP sebesar 64,59%, indeks keragaman tertinggi yakni pada fase tiang sebesar 3,43, dan struktur vertikal hutan didominasi oleh vegetasi stratum C. Skoring berdasarkan perbandingan karakteristik vegetasi di hutan alam KHS dengan vegetasi di habitat alami elang jawa menunjukkan zona halimun sebagai area yang memiliki tingkat kesesuaian tinggi, sedangkan zona tengah dan zona salak memiliki tingkat kesesuaian habitat kategori sedang. Rekomendasi pengelolaan yang diusulkan yaitu pengembangan program pembinaan habitat, pengkayaan tanaman preferensi elang jawa, dan optimalisasi kegiatan monitoring.
Keyword: Habitat evaluation, Halimun Salak Corridor, Javan Hawk Eagle, Restoration

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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