Judul: Keterkaitan antara Infrastruktur dan Pendapatan per Kapita: Perbandingan Daerah Kaya dan Miskin di Indonesia 2003-2012
Abstrak: Income per capita is one of indicators to measure the performance of an economy in a country. Although in general income per capita in Indonesia always increases every year, but it is not followed by income equality among the provinces. Income disparity among provinces happens because of infrastructure disparity, both quantity and quality. This research used panel data method for 30 provinces in Indonesia on 2003-2012, consisting 15 rich provinces with high income per capita and 15 poor provinces with low income per capita. Dependent variable in this research is income per capita (PDRBK), while the independent variables are water (AIR), electricity (LSTRK), length of roads (LNJLN), school (LNSKLH), and hospital beds (LNBED). The results of this research show that all of the infrastructure variables have positive and significant effect on income per capita except for water in Indonesia in general and provinces with high income per capita, then length of roads in provinces with low income per capita. Income per capita in Indonesia in general and provinces with high income per capita is sensitive to the availability of economic infrastructure, while income per capita in provinces with low income per capita is sensitive to availability of social infrastructure.
Keyword: Panel data, Infrastructure, Income per capita

Judul: Interegional inequality ini indonesia : analysis of income and infrastructure in districts/municipalities 2005 –2012
Abstrak: Tujuan akhir dari kebijakan ekonomi adalah untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat yang dapat dilihat dari tingkat PDRB per kapita. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat ketimpangan kesejahteraan masyarakat yang dilihat dari tingkat PDRB per kapita, tingkat ketimpangan pembangunan infrastruktur dan kecenderungan ketimpangan pendapatan dan ketimpangan infrastruktur di kabupaten/kota di Indonesia. Tingkat ketimpangan kesejahteraan dan tingkat ketimpangan infrastruktur dianalisis dengan menggunakan ukuran koefisien variasi dari logaritma PDRB atas harga konstan 2000 dan koefisien variasi dari masing-masing variabel infrastruktur. Adapun tingkat kecenderungan ketimpangan pendapatan dan infrastruktur di dianalisis dengan secara deskriptif berdasarkan Tipologi Klassen. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari PDRB per kapita kabupaten/kota dan data infrastruktur kabupaten/kota di Indonesia pada periode 2005-2012. Hasil dari analisis menunjukkan perekonomian Indonesia selama kurun waktu 2005-2012 mengalami tingkat ketimpangan yang berfluktuasi dan tingkat ketimpangan semakin kecil. Infrastruktur di Indonesia juga memiliki tingkat ketimpangan yang berfluktuasi selama 2005-2012. Infrastruktur jumlah sekolah dan jumlah pelanggan air mengalami ketimpangan yang semakin kecil jika dibandingkan dari 2005 ke 2012. Sedangkan untuk infrastruktur panjang jalan, jumlah pelanggan listrik dan jumlah tempat tidur di rumah sakit mengalami tingkat ketimpangan yang meningkat pada 2005-2012., The ultimate goal of economic policy is to improve the welfare of the people which can be seen from the level of GDP per capita. The purposes of this study are to analyze the level of social welfare inequality that is seen from the level of GDP per capita, the level of infrastructure development and trend of inequality of income and inequality of infrastructure in districts / municipalities in Indonesia. Level of welfare inequality and inequality of infrastructure analyzed using the variable coefficient of variation of the logarithm of the size of GDP at constant 2000 prices and the coefficient of variation of each infrastructure. The trend rate of income inequality and infrastructure in districts / municipalities in Indonesia were analyzed descriptively based Typology Klassen. The data used are secondary data on GDP per capita district / municipalities and data infrastructure districts / municipalities in Indonesia in the period 2005-2012. Results of the analysis show the Indonesian economy during the period 2005-2012 experienced fluctuating levels of inequality and inequality is getting smaller. Infrastructure in Indonesia also has high levels of inequality that fluctuates during 2005-2012. Number of schools and number of water customers experienced inequality. However, they are getting smaller during the period of 2005 to 2012. As for the length of the road infrastructure, the amount of electricity customers and the number of beds in hospitals experienced increasing levels of inequality in 2005-2012.
Keyword: Infrastruktur, Kesejahteraan masyarakat, Ketimpangan, Pembangunan ekonomi

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol
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