Judul: Incidence of Reproduction Disorders in Friesian Holstein Cattle and Its Correlation to Rainfall in KPSBU Lembang at 2022
Abstrak: Sapi perah yang umum dipelihara di Indonesia adalah Friesian Holstein (FH) yang berasal dari Belanda. Sapi FH peka terhadap perubahan lingkungan termasuk curah hujan, yang dapat memengaruhi kesehatan reproduksi. Kajian bertujuan mengetahui insidensi kasus reproduksi sapi perah di KPSBU Lembang dan kaitannya dengan curah hujan selama tahun 2022. Data gangguan reproduksi diperoleh dari KPSBU Lembang dan data curah hujan dari BMKG Jawa Barat. Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi untuk mengetahui keeratan hubungan (koefisien korelasi, r) dan uji regresi untuk mengetahui persentase pengaruh hubungan (koefisien determinan, r2) menggunakan program SPSS. Insidensi gangguan reproduksi di KPSBU Lembang selama tahun 2022 berfluktuasi, dengan 5 kasus terbanyak adalah retensi plasenta (1425 kasus), distokia (1072 kasus), hipofungsi ovari (924 kasus), endometritis (902 kasus) dan abortus (497 kasus). Rataan curah hujan bulanan di daerah Lembang berfluktuasi, dengan curah hujan terendah pada Juli (38,85 mm/bulan) dan tertinggi pada April (372 mm/bulan). Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan berhubungan lemah dengan retensi plasenta (r=0,213; r2=0,045), hipofungsi ovari (r=0,226; r2=0,051) dan endometritis (r=0,149; r2=0,022); berhubungan moderat dengan distokia (r=0,422; r2=0,178) dan berhubungan kuat dengan abortus (r=0,518; r2=0,268). Curah hujan bukan merupakan faktor utama yang memengaruhi insidensi gangguan reproduksi sapi perah FH di KPSBU Lembang Jawa Barat selama tahun 2022., Dairy cattle that commonly kept in Indonesia is Friesian Holstein (FH) from Friesland, Netherlands. FH cattle are sensitive to environment including rainfall, which impacting reproductive health. This study aims to determine incidence of reproductive disorders in dairy cattle at KPSBU Lembang and its correlation to rainfall in 2022. Reproductive disorders data were collected from KPSBU Lembang, and rainfall data from BMKG Jawa Barat. Data were analyzed by correlation test to find out closeness of correlation (correlation coefficient, r) and regression test to prove the influence percentage (determinant coefficient, r2) using SPSS program. Incidence of reproductive disorders at KPSBU Lembang 2022 are fluctuative, which 5 highest cases were retained placenta (1425 cases), dystocia (1072 cases), ovarian hypofunction (924 cases), endometritis (902 cases), and abortion (497 cases). Monthly rainfall average in Lembang are fluctuative, which the lowest occurs in July (38.85 mm/month) and highest in April (372 mm/month). The tests show rainfall had weak correlation on retained placenta (r=0,213; r2=0,045), ovarian hypofunction (r=0,226; r2=0,051), and endometritis (r=0,149; r2=0,022); moderate correlation on dystocia (r=0,422; r2=0,178); and strong correlation on abortion (r=0,518; r2=0,268). It was concluded that rainfall not the main factor in occurrence of reproductive disorders in dairy cattle in KPSBU Lembang in 2022.
Keyword: curah hujan, friesian holstein, gangguan reproduksi, friesian holstein, rainfall, reproduction disorders

Judul: Correlation of Milk Production and Quality in  Friesian Holstein Cattle with Rainfall in KPSBU Lembang West Java in 2022.
Abstrak: Produksi dan kualitas susu sapi Friesian Holstein di Indonesia masih rendah dibandingkan di daerah asalnya, Belanda. Produksi dan kualitas susu dipengaruhi banyak faktor lingkungan termasuk curah hujan. Kajian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan produksi dan kualitas susu dengan curah hujan di wilayah KPSBU Lembang Jawa Barat tahun 2022. Data produksi dan kualitas susu sepanjang tahun 2022 diperoleh dari Bagian Administrasi KPSBU Lembang, sedangkan data curah hujan bulanan sepanjang tahun 2022 diperoleh dari BMKG Jawa Barat. Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi untuk menentukan koefisien korelasi (r) atau keeratan hubungan, dan uji regresi untuk menentukan koefisien determinan (r2) atau pengaruh dari curah hujan terhadap produksi dan kualitas susu. Hasil analisis menunjukkan curah hujan memiliki keeratan hubungan sangat lemah dengan produksi susu (r=0,044, r2=0,002), sedangkan kualitas susu memiliki keeratan hubungan dengan curah hujan dalam berbagai kategori; sangat lemah dengan total protein (r=0,010, r2=0,001), lemah dengan kadar lemak (r=0,118, r2=0,14) dan berat jenis (r=0,242, r2=0,059), dan moderat dengan TPC (r=0,300, r2=0,090). Faktor lain yang memengaruhi produksi dan kualitas susu sapi perah di KPSBU Lembang adalah genetik, kesehatan hewan dan manajemen kandang. Disimpulkan, curah hujan bukan faktor utama yang memengaruhi produksi dan kualitas susu sapi FH di KPSBU Lembang tahun 2022., Friesian Holstein cattle milk production in Indonesia is lower than its origin, Netherlands. Milk production and quality is affected by many factors such as genetic, cattle’s health, and environment aspect including rainfall. This study aims to determine the correlation of milk production and quality with rainfall in KPSBU Lembang in 2022. Milk production and quality data were collected from KPSBU Lembang and rainfall data were collected from BMKG Jawa Barat. The collected data were analyzed by two tests, correlation test to prove the correlation closeness, and regression tests to show the determinant coefficient (r2) or effect percentage of rainfall on milk production and quality. Rainfall has a very weak correlation with milk production (r=0,044, r2=0,002), while milk quality is correlated to rainfall in various category; weak with fat content (r=0,118, r2=0,14),very weak with total protein (r=0,010, r2=0,001), weak with density (r=0,242, r2=0,059), and moderate with total plate count (r=0=,300, r2=0,090). In conclusion, rainfall is not the main factor affecting the production and quality of FH cow's milk at KPSBU Lembang in 2022.
Keyword: Friesian holstein, Milk production, Milk quality, Rainfall

Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Natrium Titanat (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2) Berbahan Dasar Titanium Dioksida
Abstrak: TiO2 can be utilized as basic material for synthesis of sodium titanate (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2). This research was purposed to synthesize and characterize sodium titanate from TiO2 rutile powder as a basic material. Sodium titanate was synthesized by hydrothermal process at temperature 130 °C by mixing TiO2 rutile powder with 5 M and 10 M NaOH solution, then each was calcinated at temperature 700 °C. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that sodium titanate has been successfully synthesized. This result was also supported by functional group analysis with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrofotometer showing the existence of Ti-O-Na vibration band at 989.42 cm-1. The formation of sodium titanate was depend on the reaction condition such as temperature, reaction time, and NaOH concentration. Scanning electron microscope image indicated that sodium titanate synthesized at 130 °C in 20 hours reaction time with 10 M NaOH had crystal size of 99.37 nm.
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