Judul: Studi Literatur: Pemanfaatan Kitin dan  Kitosan dari Lalat Tentara Hitam (Hermetia illucens Diptera: Stratiomyidae) pada  Dunia Medis.
Abstrak: Lalat tentara hitam merupakan insekta yang pembudidayaannya mulai meningkat pesat di Indonesia. Saat ini riset mengenai lalat tentara hitam banyak dilakukan untuk meneliti kandungan nutrisi, pemanfaatannya, dan karakteristiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan kitin dan kitosan yang diperoleh dari ekstraksi lalat tentara hitam yang difokuskan pada penggunaannya di dunia biomedis. Kajian pustaka dilakukan dengan penelusuran berbagai jurnal ilmiah melalui media daring. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa data sekunder mengenai karakteristik dari lalat tentara hitam, nutrisi yang terkandung, penjelasan mengenai kitin dan kitosan serta proses ekstraksi kitin dari lalat tentara hitam dan pemanfaatan kitin dan kitosan yang terkandung pada lalat tentara hitam. Kitin dan kitosan yang sudah diekstraksi dari lalat tentara hitam dapat menjadi solusi sebagai sumber bahan baku kitin yang memiliki kualitas baik serta dapat membantu menghasilkan solusi terbarukan dalam membantu pengobatan dunia medis., Black soldier fly is an insect whose cultivation has begun to increase rapidly in Indonesia. Currently, a lot of research on black soldier flies is carried out to examine the nutritional content, utilization and characteristics. This study aims to determine the utilization of chitin and chitosan obtained from the extraction of the black soldier fly which is focused on its use in the biomedical world. The literature review was carried out by searching various scientific journals through online media. The results were obtained in the form of secondary data regarding the characteristics of the black soldier fly, the nutrients contained, an explanation of chitin and chitosan as well as the extraction process of chitin from the black soldier fly and the utilization of chitin and chitosan contained in the black soldier fly. Chitin and chitosan that have been extracted from black soldier flies can be a solution as a source of good quality chitin raw materials and can help produce renewable solutions in helping the medical world.
Keyword: Hermetia illucens, chitin, chitosan, medic, nutrient

Judul: Evaluation of Biological Processing of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Prepupa Phase as an Alternative Protein Source
Abstrak: BSF (Hermetia illucens) merupakan serangga yang memiliki kandungan protein tinggi dan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber protein pakan ternak, tetapi BSF mengandung kitin yang menghambat proses utilisasi nutrien. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengolahan biologis BSF fase prepupa untuk menurunkan kadar kitin. Penelitian ini menggunakan BSF fase prepupa berumur 18 hari yang diberi pakan limbah dapur. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan yaitu P0 (BSF Fase prepupa tanpa perlakuan), P1 (P0 + difermentasi dengan Lactobacillus plantarum), P2 (P0 + difermantasi dengan Aspergillus oryzae) dan P3 (P0 + difermentasi dengan Lactobacillus acidophilus). Variabel yang diamati adalah hasil analisis proksimat, Van Soest, rendemen kitin, spektrum FTIR dan derajat deasetilasi (DD). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya penurunan kandungan serat kasar (SK) 4,43%, ADF 3,89%, NDF 10,6% dan peningkatan protein kasar (PK) 5,38%. Nilai DD kitin P0 sebesar 42,60% nyata lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibandingkan nilai DD pada P1 (32,81%), P2 (26,03%) dan P3 (28,45%) menunjukkan bahwa adanya penurunan kadar kitin., BSF (Hermetia illucens) is an insect that has high protein and can be used as a protein source for animal feed, but BSF contains chitin that can inhibits the process of nutrient utilization. This study aimed to evaluate the biological treatment of BSF prepupa phase to reduce chitin levels. This study used 18 days old BSF prepupae phase fed with kitchen waste. This study used a completely randomized design (RAL) with 4 treatment and 5 replications, namely P0 (BSF prepupa phase without treatment), P1 (P0 + fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum), P2 (P0 + fermented with Aspergillus oryzae) and P3 (P0 + fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus). The variables observed were the results of proximate analysis, Van Soest analysis, chitin yield, FTIR spectrum and degree of deacetylation (DD). The results of this study showed a decrease in crude fiber content (SK) 4.43%, ADF 3.89%, NDF 10.6% and an increase in crude protein (PK) 5.38%. The DD value of chitin P0 was 42.60% real higher (P<0.05) than the DD value at P1 (32.81%), P2 (26.03%) and P3 (28.45%) showed a decrease in chitin levels.
Keyword: black soldier fly, chitin, crude fiber, crude protein, degree of deacetylation

Judul: : Persamaan Tunggal sebagai Representasi Kurva Komposit
Abstrak: A mathematical method is introduced to represent a composite curve based on an extension of analytic geometry. The representation is given either with a single equation or with two equations, in the case of parametric representation. This method permits the representation of composite curves in similar manner to the conventional representation of non-composite curves. Some mathematical tools, including Heaviside unit step function and periodizer function, are used in the establishment of a single equation. In this paper, regular equations of regular and irregular polygon, as well as composite curves of two dimensions, are implemented using a computer algebraic system, Mathematica.
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