Judul: Kajian Perencanaan Produksi Agregat di PT. Wiska
Abstrak: Industri tekstil merupakan salah satu industri prioritas nasional yang masih prospektif untuk dikembangkan. PT. Wiska merupakan salah satu perusahaan tekstil yang perlu dikembangkan karena mempunyai pasar tetap dan berprospek ke depannya. Peningkatan daya saing industri tekstil dapat ditingkatkan melalui kegiatan perencanaan produksi agregat, sehingga perusahaan dapat menggunakan sumber daya secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mengkaji proses produksi dan sistem perencanaan produksi agregat yang dijalankan PT. Wiska, (2) Mempelajari parameter yang dibutuhkan dalam formulasi sistem perencanaan produksi agregat di PT. Wiska, dan (3) Menganalisis perencanaan produksi agregat yang optimum untuk kegiatan produksi pada periode perencanaan bulanan dalam satu tahun. Ruang lingkup yang dikaji adalah produk handuk ekspor dengan periode perencanaan bulan April 2009 - Maret 2010. Metode penelitian diawali dengan observasi lapang untuk mengetahui proses produksi dan sistem perencanaan produksi agregat di PT. Wiska. Setelah itu melakukan peramalan penjualan untuk periode satu tahun. Peramalan dilakukan dengan metode peramalan yang menghasilkan tingkat kesalahan paling rendah berdasarkan mean squared error terendah. Dalam hal ini, metode peramalan yang dilakukan adalah metode moving average, exponential smoothing, trend projection dan autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). Berdasarkan hasil uji coba dengan keempat metode tersebut, tingkat kesalahan yang terendah adalah ARIMA. Dengan demikian, metode peramalan penjualan satu tahun ke depan menggunakan metode ARIMA dengan perangkat lunak Minitab. Tahap selanjutnya merencanakan produksi untuk meminimumkan biaya dengan metode pemrograman linier dibantu perangkat lunak lindo. Proses produksi handuk terdiri dari proses pencelupan bahan setengah jadi handuk ke mesin celup, pengeringan, pembukaan kain, finishing, pemotongan kain, inspeksi, dan pengepakan. Sistem perencanaan produksi agregat yang dijalankan PT. Wiska dibuat berdasarkan jumlah pesanan dari pelanggan (purchase order). Rencana produksi dilakukan apabila diperlukan atau ketika menerima permintaan dari pelanggan. Parameter-parameter yang mempengaruhi proses produksi dalam formulasi sistem perencanaan produksi agregat adalah jumlah permintaan dari pelanggan, kapasitas gudang, tingkat persediaan produk jadi, waktu kerja yang tersedia, dan kecepatan produksi. Jumlah permintaan pelanggan menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi perencanaan produksi karena merupakan input dalam perencanaan produksi. Waktu kerja mempengaruhi perencanaan produksi karena dalam membuat rencana produksi, waktu yang tersedia baik waktu reguler maupun waktu lembur harus diperhatikan. Adanya kebijakan perusahaan terhadap tingkat persediaan tiap periode menyebabkan persediaan merupakan parameter yang mempengaruhi perencanaan produksi. Berdasarkan perencanaan produksi agregat, total jumlah produksi 1.472.922 unit/tahun dengan jumlah persediaan 147.998 unit/tahun. Hasil perencanaan menunjukkan biaya produksi yang minimum Rp 24.502.866.140 dengan biaya terendah pada periode 5 (Rp 1.927.899.625) sedangkan biaya tertinggi pada periode 1 (Rp 2.206.161.075). Jam kerja reguler yang terpakai 1.884,52 jam. PT. Wiska juga memiliki surplus sumber daya jam kerja reguler selama 67,36 jam, dan kapasitas gudang 1.004.012 unit serta efisiensi biaya produksi sebesar Rp 4.270.980.260 dengan persentase 14,84%. Perencanaan produksi memiliki batas toleransi perubahan koefisien biaya pada fungsi tujuan produksi Rp 16.148 ≤ P ≤ Rp 16.930, jam kerja reguler diijinkan pada batas ≤ Rp 23.004, persediaan harus ≥ Rp 0, dan jam lembur ≥ Rp 2.985.
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Judul: Perencanaan Produksi Agregat  Pt. Unitex, Tbk
Abstrak: As an integrated textile company agroindustry, PT. Unitex, Tbk has developed into one of the companies that successfully survive in the competitive global textile industries in the world. With the increasingly tight competition, require an industry to make the production process at an optimal and efficient. To achieve maximum production, each industry to do some planning of production. Aggregate production planning is the planning that is comprehensive and general. Planning will be conducted to provide a broad picture of the conditions that will come. Thus, in decision making can be determined is the best policy for the company in achieving the target and the efficiency of production. This study aims to identify the factors and issues that effect in aggregate production planning at PT. Unitex, Tbk., Make forecasts and forecasting demand for products to meet consumer needs, plan a schedule of aggregate production and optimal efficiency by considering the target to be achieved by the company. Planning is reviewed in this research are limited in the process of cloth production, the Yard Dyed and Piece dyed. Planning horizon for 12 periods (months). In the demand forecasts, the model used was the model ARIMA (Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was developed by Box Jenkins. In its processed with the program package Minitab 14. Results from the demand forecasts is the basis for the preparation of the production planning model. Aggregate production planning is done by considering the factors in the decision making of management company associated with the production capacity, product supply, the determination of regular working hours and overtime with the cost of production may be minimize. Determining the optimal level of efficiency as the settlement of aggregate production planning to use this method or model linier goal programming with the help of the program package LINDO (Linier discrete Interactive Optimizer). Policy management company set three priority objectives in the aggregate production planning, namely: (1) Level of production to meet the number of requests, (2) Production is not more than regular working hours are available, and (3) Production is not be in romance of overtime work hours are available. Planning is the result of the optimal planning that minimize distortions of the target to be achieved by the company in production. Appropriate model is used to model the demand forecasts ARIMA (1,0,1) with a total of 12.914.586 forecasts demand meters. Aggregate production planning results indicate that the amount of production in the regular working hours of 12.311.759 meters, so that production takes time in the overtime hours worked during the 309 hours and the amount of production on overtime working hours of 602.827 meters. The results of this plan required the total cost of production of up to Rp. 134.828.277.840,00.
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Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship