Judul: Penyusunan tabel hayat
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan penduduk di suatu wilayah dipengaruhi oleh 3 faktor yaitu kelahiran, kematian, dan migrasi. Data kematian menurut umur terutama di negara berkembang sulit didapat, sehingga dalam penghitungan kematian menurut umur masih menggunakan pola yang sudah ada yaitu Tabel Hayat Coale – Demeny. Ada banyak metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan tabel hayat, antara lain metode Brass dan metode Preston dan Coale. Metode Brass didasarkan pada kemungkinan pengumpulan data dan pencarian informasi mengenai kematian bayi dan anak – anak serta kematian orang dewasa pada saat survei. Sedangkan metode Preston dan Coale didasarkan pada penggunakan data yang sudah tersedia, yang didapatkan dari sistim pendataan. Dari contoh metode Brass dan metode Preston dan Coale telah dihasilkan tabel hayat yang bersifat diskret. Dalam kepentingan proyeksi penduduk apabila tingkat kematian berubah dari waktu ke waktu, maka penghitungan tabel hayat menjadi sangat rumit sehingga diperlukan tabel hayat yang bersifat kontinu.
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Judul: Estimasi Tingkat Kematian Dewasa dengan Menggunakan Metode Preston-Coale dan Pertumbuhan Seimbang Brass.
Abstrak: Pendugaan life table memerlukan data yang handal pada tingkat kematian penduduk berdasarkan kelompok umur. Pada kenyataannya, estimasi tingkat kematian di banyak negara berkembang masih berfokus pada estimasi kematian bayi daripada kematian dewasa. Hal ini dikarenakan data kematian menurut kelompok umur di negara berkembang sulit diperoleh. Sehingga, perhitungan kematian menurut kelompok umur di Indonesia masih menggunakan pola yang sudah ada yaitu dari life table Coale-Demeny yang menganggap bahwa pola kematian di Indonesia mirip dengan pola kematian di negara Barat. Dalam tugas akhir ini, tingkat kematian dewasa penduduk wanita Indonesia diestimasi menggunakan dua metode, yakni metode tidak langsung atau metode Preston-Coale dan metode pertumbuhan seimbang Brass. Kedua metode tersebut menggunakan informasi data kematian menurut kelompok umur untuk memperkirakan tingkat kematian dewasa melalui perkiraan kelengkapan pendaftaran kematian penduduk wanita Indonesia pada tahun 2000. Life table yang diduga dengan menggunakan metode Preston-Coale dan metode pertumbuhan seimbang Brass akan dibandingkan dengan pola life table di negara Barat. Simpulan yang didapat dari perbandingan tersebut adalah pola bertahan hidup menggunakan metode Preston- Coale dan metode pertumbuhan seimbang Brass tidak sepenuhnya sama dengan pola model Barat yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS).
Keyword: kematian dewasa, life table, metode Preston-Coale, metode pertumbuhan seimbang Brass

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable