Judul: The Acute Toxicity of Green Betel Leaf (Piper betle L.) Infusion in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) banyak digunakan masyarakat sebagai tanaman herbal. Kandungannya dipercaya dapat menjadi obat alternatif dalam mengatasi berbagai masalah penyakit. Salah satu manfaatnya yaitu tanaman ini memiliki kemampuan sebagai antibakteri. Kurangnya informasi mengenai kemanan dari daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.), sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih mendalam. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan tingkat toksisitas akut dari infusa daun sirih hijau pada mencit dengan nilai LD50 dan memberikan informasi ilmiah mengenai tingkat keamanan daun sirih hijau. Sebanyak 20 ekor mencit dikelompokkan menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol diberi akuades, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan diberi infusa daun sirih hijau dengan dosis 5, 10, dan 15 g/kg BB. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 14 hari, kemudian diamati mortalitas, pengamatan fisiologis, dan gejala klinis. Parameter lain yang diamati yaitu bobot badan serta bobot organ absolut dan relatif (jantung, hati, ginjal, limpa, usus, dan paru-paru) mencit. Data dianalisis menggunakan one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan uji Tukey. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian infusa daun sirih hijau tidak menyebabkan kematian sehingga dapat disimpulkan nilai LD50 >15 g/kg BB dan termasuk dalam kategori praktis dan tidak toksik., Green betel leaf (Piper betle L.) are widely used by the community as a herbal plant. One of the benefits is that this plant has the ability to act as an antibacterial. Lack of information about the safety of green betel leaf, so more indepth research is needed. This study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity level of the infusion of green betel leaf on mice with a value of LD50. A total of 20 mice were divided into 4 groups. The control group was given aquades, while the treatment group was given infusions of green betel leaf at doses of 5, 10, and 15 g/kg BB. Observations were made for 14 days, then observed mortality, physiological observations, and clinical symptoms. Other parameters observed were body weight, absolut organ weights and relative organ weights (heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, intestines, dan lungs) in mice. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests. The results showed that the infusion of green betel leaves did not cause death so that it can be concluded that the value of ld50 >15 g / kg BB and belongs to the category of practical and non-toxic.
Keyword: daun sirih hijau, mencit, nilai LD50, uji toksisitas akut, acute toxicity test, green betel leaf, LD50 value, mice

Judul: The Acute Toxicity Test of Moringa Seeds (Moringan oleifera L.) Infusion in  Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Potensi biji kelor sebagai bahan obat herbal telah banyak diketahui, namun informasi spesifik mengenai tingkat toksisitas dan keamanan dari biji kelor masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat keamanan infusa biji kelor pada mencit menggunakan metode penentuan nilai lethal dose 50 (LD50), serta memberikan informasi tentang tingkat keamanan infusa biji kelor untuk perkembangannya sebagai bahan obat herbal. Sebanyak 20 ekor mencit betina dibagi menjadi empat kelompok dan lima ulangan. Mencit percobaan yang tidak diberi infusa biji kelor dikelompokkan sebagai kontrol, sedangkan yang diberi infusa biji kelor dosis 5, 10, dan 15 g/kg BB sebagai perlakuan. Pemberian infusa biji kelor dilakukan satu kali pada awal penelitian secara oral kemudian mencit diamati gejala klinis, mortalitas, dan bobot badannya. Pada akhir penelitian, mencit percobaan dikorbankan untuk dievaluasi parameter patologi anatomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian infusa biji kelor mendukung pertumbuhan bobot badan mencit secara normal, tanpa menyebabkan kemunculan gejala klinis patologis atau bahkan kematian. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah infusa biji kelor termasuk bahan yang praktis tidak toksik serta aman dan berpotensi untuk dijadikan obat herbal bagi masyarakat, The potential of moringa seeds as herbal medicinal ingredients has been widely known, but specific information regarding the level of toxicity and safety of moringa seeds is still very limited. This study aims to analyze the safety level of moringa seed infusion in mice using the lethal dose 50 (LD50) assessment method, as well as to provide information about the safety level of Moringa seed infusion for its development as a herbal medicine. A total of 20 female mice were divided into four groups with each contain 5 mice. Experimental mice that were not given moringa seed infusion as a control, while those given moringa seed infusion at doses of 5, 10, and 15 g/kg BW were the treatment. Moringa seed infusion was administered once at the beginning of the study orally and then clinical symptoms, mortality, and body weight were observed. At the end of the study, experimental mice were sacrificed for pathological views. The results showed that giving moringa seed infusion to mice did not cause death or specific clinical symptoms and normal growth. It was concluded that the infusion of moringa seeds including practically non-toxic ingredients.
Keyword: acute toxicity test, infusion, LD50 value, mice, moringa seeds

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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