Judul: Forage legumes crops adaptation to drought stress and mycorrhizal inoculation
Abstrak: One of the major problems to ruminant production sustainable is forage availability. The problem is more influenced by the seasons, especially the dry season. Lack of soil water causes plants experiencing drought stress. To cope with drought stress, plants respond with physiological and biochemical changes. It’s causes plants undergo morphological and physiological disorders, and it will hampered their growth and productivity. Utilization of mycorrhizae may assist plants to overcome drought stress. The study was conducted to recognize adaptation mechanisms of legume inoculated with mycorrhiza on drought stress, investigate effect of mycorrhizal inoculation to leguminous adaptability to overcome drought stress, and to obtain forage legume species that adaptive and productive in drought condition. Ten tropical forage legumes species consisting of Leucaena leucocephala, Indigofera zollingeriana, Desmodium sp, Calopogonium mucunoides, Macroptilium bracteatum, Centrocema pascuorum, Pueraria javanica, Clitoria ternatea, Centrocema pubescen, and Stylosanthes seabrana) were tested in different drought condition (optimum watering, drought stress) as factor. The other factor was innoculation of mychorizal fungi (no mycorrhiza, with mycorrhiza), which expected to interact with the plants in reducing drought stress. Soil water content (swc), leaf water potential (lwp), leaf relative water content (lrwc), leaf proline, leaf water soluble carbohydrate (lwsc), and plant dry weight were observed. Drought stress decreased swc, lwp, lrwc and total dry weight. Drought stress also increased leaf proline and lwsc content, but lwsc was declined in Centrocema pascuorum. Mycorrhizal fungi inoculation effect was varied among legume species. Inoculation of mychorrizal fungi was increased leaf proline and lwsc content of all legume species. However, it was tended to decline proline content in tree legumes. Indigofera zollingeriana, Centrocema pascuorum and Clitoria ternatea were productive species that recommended for forage development in dry area.
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Judul: Pengaruh cekaman kekeringan dan aplikasi mikoriza terhadap morfo-fisiologis dan kualitas bahan organik rumput dan legum pakan
Abstrak: This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of drought stress and application Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on morpho-physiological and organic matter quality of grasses and legumes forages. Using special cylindrical pot (20 cm diameter, 100 cm height) and twelve plants produced from the result of selection on preliminary studied from above thirty forage plants. Six species of grasses were Andropogon gayanus, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chloris gayana, Ischamemum timuriensis, Paspalum dilatatum and Paspalum notatum and six species of legumes were Stylosanthes guianensis, Stylosanthes hamata, Stylosanthes seabrana, Macroptilium bracteatum, Clitoria ternatea and Centrosema pascuorum with four treatments. The treatments were W0M0 (watering without AMF), W1M0 (drought without AMF ), W0M1 (watering with AMF) and W1M1 (drought with AMF). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. Determination the best plant that tolerance to drought stress condition through scoring based on superscript each parameters. The result showed that Paspalum notatum and Stylosanthes seabrana was the most tolerance plant to drought stress. Both species of that plants harvested on 48 days after drought. The first harvest on 32 days after drought. Drought stress treatment significantly (p<0,05) reduced plant growth such as dry matter yield and root, relative water content, increased proline content and water soluble carbohydrate, and decreased gas production with digestibility of organic matter and crude protein content. Studied in vitro quality of organic material for both plants showed that drought stress caused decreasing in total gas production, organic matter digestibility and crude protein content. Treatment W0M1 (watering with AMF)) given the best value for all parameters.
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf