Judul: Struktur Genetik Mimi Tachypleus gigas dari Pantai Utara Jawa Berdasarkan Gen 16S rRNA sebagai Salah Satu Dasar Pengelolaannya.
Abstrak: Keberadaan populasi mimi salah satunya yaitu Tachypleus gigas yang ditemukan di pesisir utara Jawa diduga mengalami penurunan. Fenomena cryptic species dan complex species pada biota perairan seringkali menyebabkan kesalahan identifikasi secara morfologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi struktur genetik sumberdaya mimi T. gigas dari pesisir utara Jawa berdasarkan gen 16S rRNA. Isolasi dan ekstraksi menghasilkan DNA total yang kemudian diamplifikasi dengan PCR, sekuensing gen 16S rRNA. Gen 16S rRNA T. gigas disejajarkan dengan beberapa gen 16S rRNA, yaitu ingroup (T. gigas) dan outgroup (famili Limulidae) yang didapatkan dari GenBank. Pensejajaran dilakukan menggunakan software MEGA 7.0. Analisis ini menghasilkan basa nukleotida sepanjang 452 bp. Jarak genetik antara contoh yang diteliti berkisar 0,000–0,009. Terdapat 16 situs nukleotida spesifik sebagai penciri spesies. Konstruksi pohon filogeni memperlihatkan perbedaan yang jelas antarspesies pada famili Limulidae dengan T. gigas contoh.
Keyword: gen 16S rRNA, konsevasi genetik, T. Gigas

Judul: Identifikasi Molekuler Marka Gen 16S rRNA sebagai Dasar Pengelolaan Mimi (Tachypleus gigas) di Perairan Subang, Demak, dan Surabaya
Abstrak: Mimi (Tachypleus gigas) merupakan biota laut yang banyak ditemukan di pesisir utara Subang, Demak, dan Surabaya. Mimi saat ini belum dapat dimanfaatkan dan dikelola secara optimal. Dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya mimi diperlukan suatu kepastian spesies, sehingga dibutuhkan identifikasi secara morfologis dan secara molekuler. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis hubungan kekerabatan Mimi dari spesies Tachypleus gigas di wilayah Subang, Demak, dan Surabaya berdasarkan marka gen 16S rRNA. Darah mimi diekstraksi dan diisolasi lalu gen 16S rRNA hasil sekuensing dari T. gigas disejajarkan dengan gen lain yang berasal dari GenBank dengan menggunakan software MEGA 5.0. Jarak genetik antar spesies T. gigas menunjukkan bahwa populasi yang berada di wilayah Subang, Demak, dan Surabaya masih memiliki hubungan dengan spesies T. gigas di Thailand dan India. Wilayah Demak memiliki potensi keragaman genetik yang tinggi sehingga diperlukan kajian lebih lanjut menggunakan marka gen lain agar dapat diketahui pengelolaan sumberdaya yang tepat.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, identifikasi molekuler, Tachypleus gigas

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
Keyword: