Judul: Kajian Kadar dan Sebaran Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) dalam Daging, Hati, dan Ginjal Ayam Broiler
Abstrak: Lead (Plumbum) is a heavy metal that can cause poisoning and can be accumulated in the animals body. The aims of this research were to measure the level of lead accumulation and to examine the lead distribution pattern in the meat, liver, and kidney of broiler chickens. The tissue sampels were collected from nine chickens, which origin village are Jasinga, Caringin, and Cihideung. The lead concentration in tissues was measured by using Atomic Absorbance Spectrofotometry machine and the lead distributions was approached using rhodizonate staining. The lead measurement results showed that the highest level is found in liver and kidney of broiler chicken. The distributions of lead metal in liver tissue were located in blood vessel, sinusoid and hepatocyte. Its distributions in kidney tissue were found in glomerular tissue and proximal tubules at the kidney cortex. In the meat, the lead was scattered in blood vessels of connective tissue and was not found in muscle cells.
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Judul: Kajian Kadar dan Sebaran Logam Berat Timbal pada Daging, Hati, dan Ginjal Sapi Potong
Abstrak: The purpose of this research was to examine the lead levels and to explain the histological lead pattern distribution in meat, liver and kidney tissues of cows. Lead content was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and Rhodizonate histological staining method. Result showed the lead levels in the cow’s meat, liver, and kidneys tissues were respectively 1.03 ppm, 1.59 ppm, 1.18 ppm in cows from Bogor; 1.45 ppm, 1.68 ppm, 1.001 ppm in cows from Boyolali; 1.25 ppm, 1.52 ppm, 1.16 ppm in cows from Gresik. Lead distribution was found in the connective tissue of the meat, in the hepatosit and portal triad of the liver, and in glomerular and proximal tubules of the kidney. It could be concluded that the lead levels has exceeded the threshold, with the highest levels found in cow’s liver from Boyolali. Lead pattern distribution was found in the connective tissue of the meat, in the hepatosit and portal triad of the liver, and in glomerular and proximal tubules of the kidney. Lead pattern distribution has no relation with the value measured as happened to meat.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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