Judul: Prevalensi campylobacter jejuni pada karkas ayam dan pengembangan uji deteksinya
Abstrak: Chicken meat and eggs are the main source of animal protein in Indonesia because they are relative cheaper than cattle products. Campylobacter jejuni is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen predominantly found in chicken carcasses. C. jejuni causes gastroenteritis in humans, had a very low infectious dose that is easy to cause infection in humans. The study was aimed to (1) rapidly detect C. jejuni contamination in chicken carcass (2) determine the prevalence of contamination and quantitative analyse of the risk of thermophilic Campylobacter sp. when mishandling consume. (3) produce immune sera against the local isolates that can be used as a reagent for ELISA. A total of 298 chicken carcass samples sold in modern and traditional markets in the area of Jakarta, West Java (Bogor and Sukabumi) and Central Java (Kudus and Demak) were collected and attempted for isolation following ISO/ DIS 10272-1994 protocol, identification using biochemical API Campy, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using hipO, glyA, fla, and 23S rRNA primer sets for species identification. The result is chicken carcasses sold in the sampling area both traditional markets and supermarkets are contaminated with C. jejuni and C. coli. Prevalence of Campylobacter sp. contamination on chicken carcasses was isolated by conventional (19.8%) and PCR (41.6%). The contamination rate of Campylobacter sp. on chicken carcasses sold in supermarkets, markedly 14.09% is higher than in traditional markets 5.70%. It is also confirmed that the prevalence for contamination of C. jejuni was higher than C. coli. Prevalence of C. jejuni contamination that sold in traditional markets 88.23% was higher than C. coli 11.76%. The prevalence of C. jejuni contamination in carcasses sold in swalayan was 78.57%. These were higher than contamination of C. coli that was identified by conventional methods 21.42%. Flagella and whole cell antigen purification from a local isolate of C. jejuni (C1) was done by glycine extraction and produced flagellar protein of 31 kDa. Animal immunization against flagellar protein extract induced higher specific antibody titers in chicken than rabbits and sheep. A probability model describing variability but not uncertainty was developed in beta-poisson model. The result is microorganism reduction 2 log cfu/gram and the output sof the model was the probability of illness per handling if the roasted chicken mishandled is 4 for 1 000 humans.
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Judul: Kajian Paparan Campylobacter jejuni pada Konsumsi Ayam Panggang
Abstrak: Campylobacter jejuni is a bacterial pathogen that can cause food borne disease in humans. Generally, Campylobacter jejuni are found in chicken carcasses and can cause infections in the gut (gastrointestinal) or outside the intestine (extraintestinal). Several cases of Campylobacter jejuni infection (Campylobacteriosis) has been reported in several countries. The purpose of this study was to determine risk of Campylobacter jejuni exposure in roasted chicken. This research included the determination of reduction rate of Campylobacter jejuni by roasting process and risk calculation of Campylobacter jejuni exposure in consumption of roasted chicken. Roasting process which used commercial setting of time and temperature resulted in 2 log reduction of campylobacter jejuni. Exposure assessment showed that 1.5 CFU of Campylobacter jejuni remained in each portion (100 gram) of roasted chicken. Probability of Campylobacter jejuni infection found in this study were 5.27x10-6 when using eksponential model and 2.5x10-3 if using beta-Poisson model with Teunis and Havelaar α and β value or 5.17x10-3 with FAO/WHO α and β value.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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