Judul: Goblet Cell Immune Response to Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Sheep.
Abstrak: Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are a group of multicellular parasites that have evolved to coexist within the intestinal area of multiple species including sheep. Major gastrointestinal nematodes that parasitize sheep are Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp., Cooperia curticei, and Oesophagostomum spp. Most of these nematodes affect the abomasum or small intestine causing varying type of clinical disease especially in young, growing animals. The host has a variety of immune system that can counter the infestation of GIN among them is mucus. Mucus are produced by Goblet cell which reside in the intestine. Mucus have a key protective role against GIN infections and it is important that this feature to not be neglected and studied further. The goal of this literature review is to better understand the role and effect of the mucin-producing Goblet cell have in the immune response on the infection of GIN in sheep. Noteworthy aspects of the goblet cell role in GIN infection are related to the Muc2. Muc2 expression differs between the sites of infection such as small intestine having a higher expression than on stomach. Important component of the GIN infection response for goblet role includes IL-25, IL-13, ILC2, Th2, Muc2 and Muc5ac. It is known that the main role of goblet cell in GIN infection are as producer of mucus, and as a physical barrier., Nematoda gastrointestinal (GIN) adalah sekelompok parasit multiseluler yang telah berevolusi untuk hidup berdampingan dalam area usus beberapa spesies hewan termasuk domba. Nematoda gastrointestinal utama yang menjadi parasit pada domba adalah Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp., Cooperia curticei, dan Oesophagostomum spp. Sebagian besar nematoda ini mempengaruhi abomasum atau usus kecil yang menyebabkan berbagai jenis penyakit klinis terutama pada hewan muda yang sedang tumbuh. Inang hewan memiliki berbagai sistem kekebalan yang dapat melawan serangan GIN di antaranya adalah mucin/lendir. Lendir diproduksi oleh sel Goblet/sel piala yang berada di usus. Lendir memiliki peran perlindungan kunci terhadap infeksi GIN dan penting agar fitur ini tidak diabaikan dan dipelajari lebih lanjut. Tujuan dari tinjauan pustaka ini adalah untuk lebih memahami peran dan efek sel Goblet penghasil lendir dalam respon imun terhadap infeksi GIN pada domba. Aspek penting dari peran sel Goblet dalam infeksi GIN terkait dengan Muc2. Ekspresi muc2 berbeda antara tempat infeksi seperti usus kecil yang memiliki ekspresi lebih tinggi daripada di perut. Komponen penting dari respon infeksi GIN untuk peran Goblet termasuk IL-25, IL13, ILC2, Th2, Muc2 dan Muc5ac. Diketahui bahwa peran utama sel goblet dalam infeksi GIN adalah sebagai penghasil lendir, dan sebagai penghalang fisik.
Keyword: Gastrointestinal Nematode, Goblet Cell, immune Response, Sheep

Judul: Gastrointestinal Nematode and Coccidia Infection of Sheep at Sugih Mukti Sheep Farm Group, Neglasari Village, Dramaga, Sub District, Bogor Regency. Supervised
Abstrak: Small ruminant farming is important for Indonesian agricultural productivity. Gastrointestinal parasites harm sheep production systems by causing weight loss decreasing in reproductive performance and death. The distribution of gastrointestinal parasite on sheep worldwide and found in all regions of Indonesia. The purpose of this research was to identify and measure the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal nematode and coccidian infection on sheep at Sugih Mukti Sheep Farm Group, Neglasari Village, Dramaga, Sub District, Bogor Regency. Fecal samples were collected from 43 sheep from Sugih Mukti Sheep Farm Group. Samples were examined for gastrointestinal parasites using the flotation method, modified McMaster method, and continued by making fecal culture to obtain and identify infective larvae of strongyle. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of strongyle and coccidia infection of sheep on the Sugih Mukti farm was 60.5% and 100% respectively. Prevalence of strongyle infection occurs in 1/8 males (12.5%) and in 25/35 females (71.4%). Prevalence of strongyle occurs in 7/22 young (31.8%) and in 19/21 females (90.4%). Prevalence of coccidia is in all 43 samples for both gender and age. The prevalence of strongyle based on both gender and age were showing the significant difference (P≤0.05) for each category respectively. The average intensity of infection for strongyle in gender and age showed a significant difference (P≤0.05). The average intensity of infection for coccidia in age showed a significant difference (P≤0.05), but showed no significant difference in gender (P≥0.05).
Keyword: Coccidia, Domba, Nematoda, Parasit gastrointestinal, Strongyle

Judul: Perubahan garis pantai Tanjung Berikat, Pulau Bangka Periode 1992 - 2000
Abstrak: The offshore wave regime of Tanjung Berikat beach, in the West coast of Bangka was presented based on the analysis the availability of a dense set of the ERS (European Remote Sensing) 1/2 wind measurements at particular offshore location. The coastlines was divided into several segments represented by local orientation of the coastline. For each of these segments, the breaker wave height, depth and angle of breaker wave and longshore sediment transport were calculated. A linear regression fitting was made based on the total wave regime, to obtain the relation between the peak period, Tp and wave height, Hmo: To 3,2188Hmo +1,8932 Waves approach from directions 0100-055° N, 0550-100° N, 1000-145° N, 145°-180° N, 2810-325° N and 3250-010° N, but most frequent from 2810-325° Ν. The smallest wave height was 0,06 m from directional sector N100-055° in winter and largest 2,8 m from N145°-180° in summer. Incoming waves from the directional sector N281-325° account for most of the winter wave regime duration, about 52%. Such sector was predominantly associated to waves with mean wave height 0,84 m. Also about 28% of the summer wave regime duration corresponds to incoming waves from the directional sector N281-325°, which is mostly associated to waves with mean wave height 0,63 m. The results obtained in this study allowed to estimate the net drift for the periode 1992-2000, the annual variations of the littoral drift to obtain 25 years return periode and rate of accretion and erosion. For the periode 1992-2000, the shoreline showed an accretion at some segments with maximum rate of 6,15 m/year and an erosion at others with maximum rate of 5,16 m/year. For 25 years return periode, shoreline was predicted to be accreted at some segments with maximum rate of 8,8 m/year and eroded at others with maximum rate of 8,4 m/year.
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