Judul: Efisiensi Hara pada Rumput Golf dengan Pemberian Pupuk Hayati
Abstrak: objective of the research was to study the effect of using biofertilizer on nutrient efficiency of turf grass. The research was conducted at the Rainbow Hills Golf Course, Cijayanti, Bogor on February to May 2012. The experiment was designed at randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor is inorganic fertilizer with four dosages (A1:100%; A2:75%; A3:50%; and A4:0% of inorganic fertilizer recommended dosage (DA)) as main plot and the second factor is biofertilizer with four dosages (H1:100%; H2:75%; H3:50%; and H4:0% of biofertilizer recommended dosage (DH)) as sub plot. The results showed that biofertilizer aplication increased coverage area, density, crown dry weight, shoot-root ratio, clipping dry weight, nutrient efficiency (uptake and use), and reduced inorganic fertilizer
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Judul: Kualitas Visual dan Fungsional Turfgrass pada Beberapa Waktu Awal dan Frekuensi Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati
Abstrak: Inorganic fertilization with relatively high dosage and frequency is mostly done to maintain quality, density and uniformity of turfgrass. However this practice has caused soil and water pollution. Using biofertilizer was done to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers. The objective of the research was to study the visual and functional quality of turfgrass on several first application times and frequencies of biofertilizer application. This research was done in Bukit Pelangi Golf Course, Cijayanti, Bogor from February 2012 until August 2012. The experiment was arranged at split plots in randomized block design with two factors, which are: first application times and frequencies of biofertilizer application, in four replications. First application times as the main plot consist of four levels, which are: 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks before planting. Frequencies of biofertilizer application as the sub-plot consists of four levels, which are: once every 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The results showed that application frequency at once a week showed the best visual and functional quality and not significantly different compared to the frequency of application at once every two weeks. First application time at three weeks before planting and the frequency of application at once every two weeks was the best treatment to enhance the visual and functional turfgrass quality, which increase shoot density, leaf width, leaf color, leaf length, biomass clipping, the percentage of couverage, root length, root biomass, increased the recovery, and decreased the diameter of stolon.
Keyword: visual, turfgrass, tifdwarft, quality, fungsional, frequencies, first application, Cynodon dactylon (L.), biofertilizer

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship