Judul: Identifikasi Patogen Daun Jabon Berbasis Citra Mikroskopis Menggunakan Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform dan Template Matching
Abstrak: Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq) merupakan salah satu tanaman berjenis pohon yang memiliki potensi besar sebagai tanaman hutan industri. Usaha budidaya jabon menemui kendala serangan cendawan patogen yang menyebabkan penyakit pada daun Jabon. Setiap jenis patogen memiliki cara pengendalian yang berbeda. Identifikasi patogen harus dilakukan dengan tepat karena suatu penyakit dapat disebabkan oleh lebih dari satu jenis patogen. Identifikasi patogen dapat dilakukan melalui citra mikroskop. Citra mikroskop yang kompleks dan objek patogen yang cukup bervariasi bentuk dan ukurannya membutuhkan metode ekstraksi ciri yang tepat, oleh karena itu metode ekstraksi ciri Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform dinilai cocok untuk menangani karakteristik data tersebut. Objek pada citra mikroskopis patogen dapat bervariasi ukuran dan posisinya, selain itu juga terdapat objek yang bukan merupakan penciri dari suatu jenis patogen. Oleh karena itu metode Template Matching dinilai dapat menangani masalah tersebut. Penelitian yang dilakukan sudah dapat mengidentifikasi posisi objek pada citra yang sesuai dengan template. Metode template matching yang dilakukan menghasilkan akurasi sebesar 87.90%.
Keyword: Citra Mikroskopis, Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform, Patogen, Template Matching

Judul: Pengukuran Similaritas Penyakit Daun Jabon Berbasis Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform Menggunakan Metode Template Matching
Abstrak: Jabon (Anthocephalus sp.) adalah salah satu spesies pohon tropis yang sering dikembangkan di hutan tanaman industri karena memiliki karakteristik pertumbuhan yang cepat. Namun usaha budidaya jabon menghadapi kendala berupa penyakit daun yang mengganggu jabon di persemaian, yaitu bercak daun dan hawar. Untuk menentukan pencegahan dan pengendalian yang tepat, perlu dilakukan identifikasi penyakit pada daun jabon. Namun terdapat tiga kendala yang membuat identifikasi secara manual menjadi sulit dilakukan, yaitu terdapat kemiripan ciri antar penyakit, terdapat keberagaman jenis gejala pada suatu penyakit, dan dapat ditemukan lebih dari satu gejala pada satu daun. Dengan bantuan pengolahan citra digital, proses identifikasi ini dapat menjadi lebih mudah. Metode ekstraksi fitur Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform dipilih karena cocok menganalisis karakteristik gejala penyakit yang beragam. Selain itu, metode Template Matching dipilih karena dapat mengidentifikasi gejala penyakit yang berbeda pada suatu daun. Penelitian ini sudah dapat mengidentifikasi gejala penyakit berserta lokasinya pada citra daun dengan akurasi sebesar 87.40%.
Keyword: Daun Jabon, Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform, Penyakit Daun, Template Matching

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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