Judul: Referensi Awal DNA Barcode pada Famili Anacardiaceae
Abstrak: Anacardiaceae merupakan salah satu famili penting di Indonesia yang keberadaan sumberdaya genetiknya mulai terancam akibat dari kerusakan alam, namun identifikasi jenis secara molekuler pada famili tersebut belum menyeluruh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan penanda genetik yang sesuai dan efektif dalam mengidentifikasi famili Anacardiaceae dengan metode DNA barcoding. Penanda genetik yang digunakan adalah penanda tunggal yaitu matK dan rbcL, serta penanda kombinasi matK+rbcL. Penelitian ini menggunakan data EFForTS sebanyak 28 sampel dengan penanda matK dan 31 sampel menggunakan penanda rbcL. Selain itu juga ditambahkan data dari Genbank sebanyak 24 sampel dengan penanda matK dan 19 sampel dengan penanda rbcL. Akurasi identifikasi pada tingkat spesies tertinggi dengan penanda matK yaitu sebesar 28.57%, sedangkan rbcL sebesar 22.58%, dan matK+rbcL sebesar 19.23%. Dalam penelitian ini, penanda matK, rbcL, dan matK+rbcL tidak dapat membentuk barcoding gap yang jelas, namun hasil t-test menunjukkan bahwa intraspesifik dan interspesifik dengan kedua penanda tersebut berbeda secara signifikan. Penanda matK dan rbcL berhasil membentuk grup-grup monofiletik dalam pohon filogeni untuk masing-masing spesies.
Keyword: anacardiaceae, DNA barcoding, matK, rbcL

Judul: Utilization of DNA Barcode Markers for Species Identification of Selected Genera in Fabaceae
Abstrak: Fabaceae is an invaluable plant family with considerable ecological and economic importances due to its high value and benefits as food sources, soil fertilization agent, and medicinal plants. However, Fabaceae has been overexploited in Indonesia and several species belong to this family are critically endangered. Due to morphological similarity, rapid and accurate identification of Fabaceae species is essential to support its conservation efforts. Nowadays, species identification through DNA barcoding has become an effective taxonomic classification tool. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chloroplast markers, matK and rbcL and the combination (matK+rbcL), as DNA barcodes for the identification of seleted genera in Fabaceae. The results showed that the length of the DNA sequences produced from the samples in this study was 568 bp for matK, 479 bp for rbcL, and 1,047 bp for matK+rbcL. Different sequence lengths at each locus are useful as early identification to differentiate species. The highest percentage of varied loci was obtained from the matK (56,69%). The matK+rbcL and matK loci had the highest identification rates (90% and 82,05%) at the species level. In addition, matK has the highest mean of interspecific distance (0,314) and intraspecific distance (0,003). The matK and the matK+rbcL combination have a better ability for species identification or species confirmation up to the species level than the rbcL, so the matK and the matK+rbcL combination are more recommended for Fabaceae plant identification. In the barcoding gap analysis, the average value of the interspecific distance is higher than the intraspecific distance. The mean value of rbcL intraspecific value is smaller than the matK. This is presumably because rbcL, which plays a role in encoding the RuBisCO protein, is thought to have a low mutation rate so that the level of similarity between species is high. In phylogenetic tree reconstruction, the neighbor joining method has a high monophyletic percentage and this method is quite effective for large datasets and is more informative in phylogenetic tree reconstruction.
Keyword: DNA barcode, Fabaceae, phylogenetic, matK, rbcL

Judul: Dynamic New Keynesian Model for Unemployment and Inflation Rate.
Abstrak: This paper deals with a scientific analysis of the equilibrium level of hiring, employment and unemployment. The basic model being used is a standard new Keynesian model, which states that utility function depends on consumptions and working hours. Utility maximization refers to a standard labour supply equation, with the marginal cost’s dynamics on new Keynesian model simply reflects movements in real wages and productivity. Furthermore, trade-off between output and inflation stabilization can be considered using the new Keynesian Phillips curve. Dynamic general equilibrium model is a model that can be used to study interactions between market imperfections and nominal rigidities, which is capable of overcoming the main shortcoming of the standard new Keynesian model. In the general equilibrium model there are three groups of the economy agents, namely households, firms and monetary authority. The results of this research science that bargaining processes between firms and workers will yield optimal wage. Increase in labour will cause wages to fall, but the unemployment rate can be reduced. An increase in the firm’s monopoly power will shift the labour demand curve downward, which will reduce the number of workers that firm is willing to hire for any given bargained wage.
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