Judul: Pemetaan Kerentanan Masyarakat terhadap Perubahan Iklim dan Adaptasi Berbasis Ekosistem Hutan (Studi Kasus : DAS Ciliwung)
Abstrak: Peningkatan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca (GRK) di atmosfer, yang sebagian besar disebabkan karena kegiatan manusia, telah menyebabkan terjadinya pemanasan global. Total kenaikan suhu dari tahun 1850-1899 ke 2001-2005 adalah 0.76 ± 0.19 0C. Perubahan iklim memberikan dampak pada semua sektor kehidupan, antara lain: sektor sumber daya air, sektor kehutanan, sektor pertanian dan sektor kehidupan lainnya. Perubahan iklim juga berpengaruh pada karakteristik hidrologi Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS). Berdasarkan hasil proyeksi model iklim oleh Kementerian Negara Lingkungan Hidup (1998) bahwa DAS Ciliwung merupakan salah satu DAS yang rentan terhadap perubahan iklim. Kondisi ini akan berpengaruh pada kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar DAS Ciliwung karena DAS Ciliwung tidak akan optimal menyediakan jasa dan fungsi ekosistem yang sangat diperlukan oleh masyarakat di sekitar DAS Ciliwung.
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Judul: Pemetaan Kerentanan Masyarakat terhadap Perubahan Iklim dan Adaptasi Berbasis Ekosistem Hutan (Studi Kasus: DAS Ciliwung)
Abstrak: Climate change is hot issue now. It impacts global ecosystem change. Ciliwung Watershed is one of degradation watershed in Indonesia. Ciliwung Watershed is vulnerable to climate change, especially precipitation and temperature. It affects the social vulnerability at Ciliwung Watershed. There are three characteristic of vulnerability. They are exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. The aim of this research was to evaluate vulnerability of societies to climate change at Ciliwung Watershed. To achieve this goal used Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geography Information System (GIS). The research produced that vulnerability of societies at Ciliwung Watershed different spatially. The vulnerability of societies at Lower Ciliwung Watershed classified in class intermediate with index was 0.94. Upper and Middle Ciliwung Watershed classified in class low with index were 0.16 and 0.11. In addition, adaptation to climate change was gaining important because climate change could not be totally avoided. Forest ecosystem deliver ecosystem services that vital for people and contribute to reducing the vulnerability of societies to climate change. Therefore, forest ecosystem can be one of strategic adaptation to climate change. Adaptation base on forest ecosystem give multiple benefit and cheap cost. The strategic adaptation base on forest ecosystem can be managed with sustainable forest management. The implications of these result show that we have to conserve and rehabilitate our forest ecosystem.
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Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum