Judul: Feeding Behaviour and Food Analysis of Sulawesi Crested Black Macaques (Macaca nigra) in Schmutzer Primate Center at Ragunan Zoo.
Abstrak: Macaca nigra adalah satwa frugivor karena sumber pakan terbesar berupa buah. Pakan monyet ini terdiri lebih dari 145 jenis buah-buahan (66% dari total konsumsi), tumbuhan hijau (2,5%), invertebrata (31,5%), dan kadang-kadang memangsa satwa vertebrata yang lebih kecil. Kegiatan penangkaran monyet membatasi kemampuan satwa untuk menunjukkan perilaku alami. Keterbatasan ruang gerak, tingginya kompetisi karena terbatasnya sumber pakan dan air serta perubahan lingkungan dari habitat alaminya menimbulkan kondisi penurunan kesehatan serta terjadinya malnutrisi dan gizi buruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji perilaku harian dan perilaku makan, mengidentifikasi pakan, menganalisis kandungan nutrisi pakan, dan menghitung konsumsi pakan monyet hitam Sulawesi (Macaca nigra) di Pusat Primata Schmutzer Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada enam individu yang terdiri dari satu jantan dewasa, tiga betina dewasa, satu jantan anak, dan satu betina anak. Pengamatan dan pencatatan data perilaku harian menggunakan metode ad libitum sedangkan focal animal digunakan untuk mengamati perilaku makan dan preferensi pakan. Perilaku harian dan perilaku makan betina dewasa dan remaja menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata (T2<C2). Perilaku harian selama gerhana matahari monyet tidak mengalami perubahan perilaku. Pada saat gerhana matahari M.nigra berada di kandang bagian dalam sehingga tidak melihat perubahan cahaya matahari secara langsung. Perilaku makan dan lokomosi memiliki persentase terbesar dalam perilaku harian. Perilaku makan gigit dan kunyah memiliki persentase tertinggi di sore hari pada keenam individu. Suhu dan kelembaban mempengaruhi pola perilaku harian dan perilaku makan M. nigra di penangkaran. Jenis pakan yang paling disukai yaitu : anggur (Vitis vinifera), kelengkeng (Euphoria longana), pisang ambon (Musa paradisiaca), pisang raja (Musa textilia), kismis (Muehlenbeckia platyclada), kuaci (Heliantus annus), biskuit primata, madu, roti tawar, susu dan telur. Pakan yang dipilih terbanyak berdasarkan jumlah yang dikonsumsi karena kandungan nutriennya yaitu pisang ambon, pisang raja, jagung dan ubi. Konsumsi nutrien kelompok Yaki di PPS yaitu 754.31 g/kel/hari berat kering, 42.84 g/kel/hari protein, 10.95 g/kel/hari lemak, 493.49 g/kel/hari karbohidrat dan 2243.87 Kal/kel/hari energi.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, daily behavior, feeding behavior, feed analysis, Yaki, Perilaku harian, Habituasi, Identifikasi individu, Komposisi nutrisi pakan, Full Teks

Judul: Perilaku Harian Monyet Hitam Sulawesi (Macaca nigra) pada Masa Kebuntingan di Cagar Alam Tangkoko-Batuangus, Sulawesi Utara
Abstrak: Crested macaque (Macaca nigra), one of the seven endemic primates in Sulawesi is the most endangered macaque species that has been categorized as critically endangered by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, almost nothing is known about the reproductive biology in associated with the behavioral during pregnancy. The data is important to support a management and breeding programs such as pregnancy diagnostic and conservation program in this species. The research aimed to study the behavior of the crested macaques during pregnancy. Observations were performed on the 10 adult females of the Rambo 1 group (R1) which has been habituated at Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi. Behavioral data were collected using focal animal sampling and recorded using instantanaeous sampling on females during menstrual cycling, pregnancy, and after parturition (lactation). During five months observations, a total of 393,63 observation hours were recorded. The results showed that daily activities of the M. nigra during menstrual cycling were dominated by feeding (26.60%), foraging (15.95%), and locomotion (16.16%). Daily activities during pregnancy were dominated by feeding (27.03%), foraging (16.37%), and resting (13.45%), whereas after parturition (lactation) period was dominated by resting (26.12%), foraging (19.51%) and feeding (14.98%). The resting was the most activity in the end of pregnancy and few day after parturition. The diets which were collected successfully composed of the fruits (34 species, 20 families), arthropods (3 species, 2 families, 4 orders), fungi (4 genera and division), and plants (5 species and families). Climate influenced on the composition of the diet, especially on fruit and arthropods. In conclusion, the activity budgets were different during menstrual cycling, pregnancy, and lactation, especially feeding, foraging, locomotion, and resting.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), diet, lactation, pregnancy, menstrual cycling, M. nigra

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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