Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Urea Dan Kapur Terhadap Komposisi Organisme Penyusun Klekap
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui respon organisme penyusun klekap terhadap perlakuan pemupukan urea dan Pengapuran. Selain itu jumlah individu dan suksesi komponen klekap pada setiap perlakuan, dibandingkan. Wadah yang digunakan berupa delapan buah kotak kayu berlapis plastik, yang digunakan untuk empat macam perlakuan dan dua ulangan. Keempat jenis perlakuan itu adalah, kontrol (C), pemupukan urea (P), pengapuran (K), dan gabungan antara pemupukan urea serta pengapuran (KP). Jumlah individu organisme penyusun klekap / gram klekap dihitung berdasarkan metode gambungan gravimetrik, volumetrik, dan penjumlahan. Sedangkan untuk membantu penarikan kesimpulan, digunakan analisa statistik rancangan acak lengkap, metode grafik lingkaran, dan metode grafik FRONTIER (1977). Dari empat macam perlakuan yang digunakan, hanya tiga perlakuan yang ditumbuhi klekap selama penelitian berlangsung. Ketiga macam perlakuan tersebut adalah, perlakuan P, K, dan KP.
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Judul: Peningkatan mutu nutrisi ampas serat kelapa sawit melalui perendaman pada larutan kapur (CaO) dan ureasi
Abstrak: Keterbatasan penyediaan lahan sebagai basis ekologi untuk mendukung produksi pakan, menimbulkan masalah bagi penyediaan pakan. Akibatnya penganekaragaman sumber daya pakan perlu ditingkatkan. Sumber daya pakan yang mempun- yai potensi besar adalah limbah pengolahan hasil perkebu- nan antara lain dari perkebunan kelapa sawit, yaitu ampas serat kelapa sawit. Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian, limbah ini dapat digunakan sebagai substitusi hijauan Kecernaan yang rendah dapat diatasi dengan percobaan berbagai pengolahan, seperti yang dilakukan dalam peneli- tian ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan dilaboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertani- an Bogor, pada bulan Juli 1993 sampai September 1993. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari sejauh mana efek perlakuan kapur (CaO) dan perlakuan Ureasi (penambahan urea) terhadap laju degradasi bahan kering, laju degradasi bahan organik dengan teknik in situ, koefisien cerna bahan kering dan bahan organik dengan teknik in vitro, serta analisa komponen dinding sel dengan metode Van Soest. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) 3x3 dengan tiga perlakuan (kontrol, kapur dan ureasi) dan tiga kali ulangan. Laju degradasi bahan kering dan bahan organik dengan teknik kantong nilon dihitung dengan persamaan Pt a+b (1 e-ct) Orskov et - al (1980) Perlakuan kapur dan ureasi menurunkan kadar NDF, ADF, dan lignin ampas serat kelapa sawit. Penurunan kadar NDF, ADF dan lignin ampas serat kelapa sawit perlakuan ureasi masing-masing sebesar 9,41%, 7,29% dan 22,36% sedangkan perlakuan kapur masing-masing sebesar 3,49%, 16,01% dan 24,14%. Perlakuan kapur dan Ureasi meningkatkan koefisien cerna bahan kering (P<0,01) dan degradasi efektif bahan kering (P<0,05) ampas serat kelapa sawit. Pengaruh perla- kuan kapur dan ureasi terhadap koefisen cerna bahan organik...
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite