Judul: Analisis pendugaan target strength terhadap ukuran panjang ikan dalam kondisi terkontrol di perairan pulau kongsi, Kepulauan Seribu
Abstrak: Indonesia is a rich country in aquatic resources, but has not been maximized. One of the way to explore the resources by using the hidroacoustic method. The main parameter of this method is target strength (TS), so this research aims to compare the value of TS of fish lape and determine the value of the average terget strength (TS) of fish lape. Acoustic data obtained from the BPPL in echogram and size of long fish lape data in MS-excel. Data processing is done in two stages by analyzing and processing of acoustic data in Echoview 4.8 and Simrad ER 60 and then tabulating the result in MS-excel. The next step is to analyze the value of TS in MS-excel to obtain an average value of fish TS. The result obtained in this research is a positive linear relationship between the average TS to fish length, where the correlation coefficient is equal to 0,87. The greater the legth of fish lape, then the value of the average TS of fish will be greater as well. TS value of the average four fish lape obetained that is equal to 57,76 dB.
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Judul: Interpretasi sebaran nilai target strength (TS) dan densitas ikan demersal dengan metode hidroakustik di Teluk Pelabuhan Ratu
Abstrak: Metode hidroakustik adalah metode yang menggunakan gelombang (pulsa) suara dan perambatannya untuk mendeteksi obyek dalam medium air. Faktor terpenting yang harus diietahui khusus dalam pendugaan stok ikan dengan metode hidroakustik adalah target strength. Pengambilan data hidroakustik dilakukan pada tanggal 13 dan 14 Agustus 2005 di Teluk Pelabuhan Ratu dengan letak koordinat 7" 23,07' LS - 7' 18,65' LS dan 106" 18,24' BT - 106" 24,99' BT. Lokasi penelitian dibatasi pada kedalaman 20-550 meter dibawah permukaan laut. Pengambilan data hidroakustik menggunakan split beam SIMRAD EK60 scientific echo sounder system dengan singleffequency yaitu sebesar 38 KHz. Data yang diperoleh ditampilkan dan direkam menggunakan software SIMRAD ER60 dalam b e n d echogram dengan format RAW data. Data echogram yang telah diperoleh kemudian diolah dan analisis menggunakan echoview 3.20, kemudian hasilnya ditabulasikan kedalaman Microsoft Excel. Integrasi data dilakukan pada kedalanlan 5 meter dari dasar perairan untuk melibat sebaran nilai target strength dan densitas ikan demersal.
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Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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