Judul: Aplikasi Teknologi dan Bahan Tambahan Pangan Untuk Meningkatkan Umur Simpan Mie Basah Matang
Abstrak: Mie basah telah menjadi makanan yang populer dalam diet masyarakat Indonesia. Menurut Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 01-2987-1992, mie adalah produk pangan yang terbuat dari terigu dengan atau tanpa penambahan bahan pangan lain dan bahan tambahan pangan yang diizinkan, berbentuk khas mie (Badan Standarisasi Nasional, 1992). Akan tetapi, penggunaan bahan tambahan terlarang, seperti formalin dan boraks, pada produk mie basah matang ternyata marak terjadi di Indonesia beberapa waktu belakangan ini. Formalin umumnya digunakan untuk memperpanjang umur simpan mie mencapai beberapa minggu, sedangkan boraks ditambahkan untuk meningkatkan kekenyalan mie. Larangan penggunaan formalin dan boraks untuk bahan pangan telah diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Permenkes) No. 722/MenKes/Per/IX/88. Masalah keamanan pangan ini tidak dapat dihindari lagi walaupun sudah ada peraturan yang melarang penggunaan kedua bahan tersebut.
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Judul: Aplikasi Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma Domestica) Sebagai Bahan Pengawet Mie Basah
Abstrak: Mie basah merupakan salah satu makanan populer di Indonesia yang memiliki umur simpan pendek yaitu 24-36 jam pada suhu ruang. Penggunaan formalin dan boraks untuk memperpanjang umur simpan mie basah dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia. Pengawet yang digunakan untuk memperpanjang umur simpan bahan pangan seharusnya memenuhi standar food grade. Formalin dan boraks adalah bahan pengawet yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan bahan pengawet lain yang memenuhi standar food grade untuk mengawetkan mie basah. Kunyit adalah salah satu rempah-rempah yang banyak digunakan dalam makanan dan dilaporkan memiliki sifat antimikroba. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui metode ekstraksi kunyit dan konsentrasi yang ditambahkan untuk memperpanjang umur simpan mie basah.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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