Judul: Kajian nutrisi pakan biomassa hasil fermentasi limbah serat kelapa samit dengan Ganoderms lucidum terhadap penampilan., fermentabilitas
Abstrak: One of the most important hinderances of animal development is the insufficient supply. It is caused by reduced forage area dua to competition againts human population area. In order to solve these problems, the substitution of convensinonal feedstuff with by-product feedstuffs for animal feeding is an alternative solution.
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Judul: Kajian in vitro biomasa limbah serat kelapa sawit hasil penumbuhan ganoderma lucidum untuk pakan ruminansia
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari kelayakan biomasa limbah serat kelapa sawit hasil pertumbuhan jamur Ganoderma lucidum untuk pakan hijauan alternatif melalui pengujian in vitro. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan pola faktorial 2 x 4 dengan faktor A adalah perlakuan, yang terdiri dari 2 yaitu non fermentasi dan fermentasi, sedangkan faktor B adalah substrat yang terdiri atas 4 janis yaitu T1 = campuran antara 1 bagian TKKS dan 1 bagian SKS, T2 = campuran antara bagian TKKS dan 2 bagian SKS, T3 = campuran antara 2 bagian TKKS dan 1 bagian SKS dan T4 campuran antara 4 bagian TKKS dan 1 bagian bungkil inti sawit (BIS). Uji regresi dan koreiasi digunakan untuk substrat campuran 2 bagian TKKS dan 1 bagian SKS dari yang non fermentasi, fermentasi selama 45 hari dan fermentasi 90 hari. Rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) digunakan untuk perlakuan dalam bentuk ransum dengan 5 perlakuan ransum dan 3 kelompok periode pengambilan cairan rumen. Perlakuan biomasa dalam bentuk ransum adalah sebagai berikut: RO= 40% rumput gajah (RG) + 60% konsentrat (kontrol), R1- 30% RG + 10% Biomasa (B)+ 60% konsentrat, R2-20% RG +20% B+ 60% konsentrat, R3= 10% RG + 30% B+ 60% konsentrat, R4- 40% B+ 60% konsentrat. Peubah yang diamati terdiri atas Koefisien Cerna Bahan Kering (KCBK), Koefisien Cerna Bahan Organik (KCBO), Asam lemak Terbang (VFA) dan Amonia (NH3). Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa LSKS (Limbah Serat Kelapa Sawit) yang difermentasi dengan menggunakan G. lucidum dapat meningkatkan kecernaan in vitro bila dibandingkan dengan yang tidak difermentasi dengan G. lucidum, sedangkan rasio kecernaan yang terbaik adalah substrat dengan campuran 2 bagian TKKS dan 1 bagian SKS, yang dapat meningkatkan keceman in vitro dari 5,86% manjadi 35,45% dengan lama fermentasi 90 hai dan nilai VFA dan NH3 yang belunn mencukupi kebutuhan sintesa protein mikroba. Hasil ini juga menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan biomasa dalam bentuk ransum dapat meningkatkan kecemaan in vitro 8- 14%erta kebutuhan VFA dan NH, sudah dapat terpenuhi, sehingga dapat manatiker rumput gajah sebagai pakan hijauan alternatif taraf 40%.
Keyword: Palm oil, Ganoderma lucidum, In vitro

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite