Judul: Karakteristik Ekologi Hutan Tropis Pegunungan di Taman Nasional Lore Lindu Sulawesi Tengah
Abstrak: Tropical montane forest ecosystem making up 21 percent of the total area of the world’s tropical forest. This ecosystem has high level of species diversity, constributes positively to the water catchment, and provides an essential habitat for many endemic and threatened plant and animal species. The objectives of this research were 1) to determine plant species diversity, 2) to study composition of vegetation community and tropical montane forest structures. This study was conducted at three primary forest sites were located in Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi. The first site was located in Watukilo at 900 m asl, the second site was in Torongkilo at 1 500 m asl, and the third site was in Torenali at 2 300 m asl around 1.5 km to peak of Mount Rorekatimbu. All sites are submontane forest, lower montane forest, and upper montane forest respectively. Plot-based plant inventory and identification were carried out in the period of July 2011 to July 2012. Plot size was 40 m x 60 m (0.24 ha) devided up into a 10 m x 10 m grid. All trees of diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥10 cm (at 1.3 m). Within each of the 10 m x 10 m, one 5 m x 5 m-sized subplot was surveyed (0.06 ha per plot) to study saplings (2 cm ≤ dbh < 10 cm), and one 2 m x 2 m-sized subplot (0.024 ha) to additionaly study understorey vegetation in each of the 5 m x 5 m subplot. We recorded a total 310 plant species belonging to 129 genera and 106 families in all forest types. Lower montane forest has the highest species richness (61 tree species, 51 sapling species, 57 seedling species, and 56 understorey plant species), followed by submontane forest and upper montane forest. Shannon diversity index showed that all forest types in this study has moderate to high in species diversity (2 < H' < 4), and has low similarity in species composition with the similarity <10% (Sørensen index). Among the species recorded, only one species that found in all three forest types, i.e. Lithocarpus celebicus (Fagaceae). In submontane forest, the most dominant tree species were Castanopsis buruana (Fagaceae), Gironniera subaequalis (Cannabaceae) and Santiria apiculata (Burseraceae), while the most dominant saplings were C. buruana, S. apiculata and Praravinia mindanaensis (Rubiaceae). For seedlings and understorey, the most dominant species were Antidesma riparium subsp. riparum (Phyllanthaceae) and Calamus sp.1 (Arecaceae), respectively. In lower montane forest, the most dominant tree species were Platea excelsa var. borneensis (Icacinaceae), Elaeocarpus sp.1 (Elaeocarpaceae) and Magnolia carsonii var. carsonii (Magnoliaceae), while the most dominant saplings were Lophopetalum beccarianum (Celastraceae), Ardisia forbesii (Primulaceae) and Cyathea contaminans (Cyatheaceae). For seedlings and understorey, the most dominant species were Calophyllum soualattri (Calophyllaceae) and Calamus sp.5, respectively. In upper montane forest, the most dominant tree species were Phyllocladus hypophylla (Podocarpaceae), Dacrycarpus steupii (Podocarpaceae) and Lithocarpus havilandii (Fagaceae), while the most dominant saplings were Trimenia papuana (Trimeniaceae), Tasmannia piperita (Winteraceae) and Myrsine minutifolia (Primulaceae). For seedlings and understorey, the most dominant species were Myrsine minutifolia (Primulaceae) and Sonerilla pumila (Melastomataceae), respectively.
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Judul: Komposisi Jenis dan Struktur Tegakan Hutan di Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: INTRODUCTION. The existence of forest as an ecosystem is important for life supporting system. This is because the forest produces various benefits, either in the form of services or goods which are very useful for life. In West Java, as in other parts of Indonesia, forests which are still having relatively good condition, are found only in conservation areas. One of the forest conservation areas which is relatively large is Gunung Ciremai National Park (TNGC). The TNGC constitutes a nature conservation area which possesses important ecological function as life supporting system for the surrounding ecosystem. However, information concerning the existing biodiversity in TNGC is still lacking. Therefore, there is a need for more studies to obtain information on biodiversity level and forest composition and structure in TNGC. METHODOLOGY. This study was conducted from August through September 2008 in altitude zones of < 1.000 m above sea level (asl) (lowland zone), 1.000 – 2400 m asl (montane zone), and > 2.400 m asl (sub alpine zone) in Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java. This study was performed by using vegetation analysis technique which constitutes combination between strip method for tree stage vegetation inventory and plotted line method for forest regeneration inventory. To ease the inventory process, each strip was divided into plots of 20 m X 20 m for tree stage vegetation inventory, 10 m X 10 m for pole stage inventory, 5 m X 5 m for sapling stage inventory, and 2 m X 2 m for seedling stage inventory. Units of vegetation sample plot were placed in west and south slope directions at altitude zones of < 1.000 m asl, 1.000 – 2.400 m asl, and > 2400 m asl. In each slope direction, two sample units with strip length of 200 m and width of 20 m were established. Sampling units were placed in the field with sampling design of systematic sampling with random start. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION. Sub alpine zone exhibited the least number of species (11 species) at all growth stages, as compared with those of montane zone (62 species) and lowland forest zone (58 species). The number of species in the montane zone was relatively greater as compared with that of lowland forest zone. In lowland zone, the dominant species were huru meuhmal (Litsea tomentosa) at seedling stage (IVI 33,7 %), kileho (Saurauia pendula) at sapling stage (IVI 29,3 %), and pine (Pinus merkusii) at pole and tree stages (IVI 144,7 % and 112.8 %). In the montane zone, the dominant species were huru meuhmal (Litsea tomentosa ) at seedling stage (IVI 22,6 %), Litsea sp. at sapling stage (IVI 19,4 %), walen (Ficus ribes) at pole stage (IVI 32.6 %) and saninten (Castanopsis argentea) at tree stage (IVI 45,4 %). At sub alpine zone, the dominant species was plending (Leucaena glauca) at seedling and sapling stages (IVI 64 % and 76,4 %), cantigi (Vaccinium varingifolium) at pole stage (IVI 124,3 %), and jamuju (Dacrycarpus imbricatus) at tree stage (IVI 138,3 %). Index of species diversity (H’) for all elevation zones in TNGC were categorized as high
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Infeksi Canine parvovirus (CPV) pada anjing merupakan isu penting di gan praktisi dokter hewan karena hingga saat ini belum ada terapi yang e tif mencegah kematian anjing akibat infeksi virus tersebut. Canine parvovirus a ah virus infeksius penyebab diare berdarah pada anjing. Anjing yang -t 'lilfeksi CPV menunjukkan gejala klinis muntah, diare, depresi, demam, tidak mau makan dan dehidrasi. Tropisme CPV adalah pada jaringan yang sel-selnya tif membelah seperti epitel saluran pencemaan, sumsum tulang dan jaringan foid. Mortalitas anak anjing mencapai 91% pada infeksi CPV yang tidak d10oati. Kematian anjing terjadi akibat septikemia dan dehidrasi. Pengobatan infeksi CPV yang dilakukan selama ini hanya untuk mengurangi dehidrasi dan infeksi sekunder, namun tidak dapat mencegah kematian. Imunoterapi secara intravena merupakan pendekatan baru yang potensial untuk pengobatan penyakit yang fatal pada hewan termasuk untuk substitusi penggunaan antibiotika. Metode terapi ini terbukti efektif digunakan untuk terapi pen akit pada manusia dan hewan yang penyebarannya melalui darah. Salah satu penyakit hewan yang sebaran virusnya di dalam tubuh melalui darah adalah infeksi Canine parvovirus pada anjing. Pengobatan infeksi CPV nampaknya efe*tif jika menggunakan antibodi spesifik dan aplikasinya secara intravena agar memberikan protektivitas yang optimal. Namun kendala biaya produksi antibodi yang sangat mahal membatasi penggunaan antibodi untuk terapi, sehingga sangat diperlukan altematif sumber antibodi lainnya. Ayam sangat berpotensi sebagai pabrik penghasil antibodi. Karakteristik Im oglobulin Y yang tidak mengaktivasi komplemen mamalia memungkinkan aplikasinya secara intravena. Selain itu imunoglobulin Y mudah diisolasi dari kunmg telur dalam jumlah banyak sehingga biaya produksinya murah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan IgY anti CPV secara intravena untuk terapi infeksi CPV pada anjing. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam tiga tahap: 1. Produksi, isol si dan karakterisasi IgY anti CPV dan menguji aktivitasnya secara in vitro. 2. Me entukan kinetika IgY di dalam tubuh anjing agar dapat diduga dosis dan interval pengobatan. 3. Infeksi CPV pada anjing percobaan, pengobatan menggunakan dosis 1000 dan 10000 Protective dose 50 (PD₅₀) dan mengetahui efe*tivitas terapi terhadap profil leukosit anjing yang sembuh dari infeksi CPV. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa ayam yang diimunisasi mengakumulasikan antibodinya di dalam kuning telur. Peningkatan titer antibodi (lg, ) dalam serum ayam terjadi mulai minggu pertama dan mencapai puncaknya pad minggu keempat setelah imunisasi. Karakterisasi IgY menunjukkan dua pita tein dengan berat molekul 68 dan 23 kDa yang sesuai dengan berat molekul ai berat dan rantai ringan IgY. Titer IgY mumi terdeteksi 2¹¹ HI unit setelah r eaksikan dengan sel darah merah babi. Pengenceran tertinggi dari IgY yang a pu menetralisasi virus sebanyak 50% (PD₅₀) adalah pada pengenceran 10·⁸• 'ter virus parvo yang mampu menginfeksi selfeline kidney sebanyak 50% adalah pada titer 10-²,76 TCID₅₀. Titer virus yang digunakan untuk uji tantang di anjing adalah 100 TCID₅₀ dan titer antibodi yang digunakan untuk terapi adalah 1000 dan I0.000 PD₅₀• Terapi infeksi CPV di anjing hanya menggunakan dua jenis o· s dengan tujuan mengurangi penggunaan hewan coba karena resiko kematian anjing cukup tinggi. Kinetika IgY anti CPV dalam tubuh anjing mengikuti model satu partemen dan orde satu. Rata-rata waktu paruh IgY adalah 60 jam dan stanta ketepatan eliminasi IgY lebih tinggi dibandingkan IgG sehingga ngkinan IgY untuk
Keyword: IgY anti CPV, Intravena, Ekskresi virus, Kinetika IgY