Judul: Analisis daerah d-loop dna mitokondria pada kerbau belang (bubalus bubalis) dengan menggunakan enzim restriksi (pcr- rflp)
Abstrak: Spotted buffalo is slaughtered buffalo for sacrifices in Tana Toraja funeral ceremonies. Spotted buffalo is believed gives security in the hereafter. Therefore at the funeral ceremony, many spotted buffaloes slaughtered. Generally, hundreds of buffaloes from every class sacrificed every year. Further studies about DNA genetic pattern from spotted buffalo is needed in order to kept it existence. One of them is mitochondrial DNA expecially D-loop region. The objective of this research was to know the the connection between D-loop fragment variation and skin color variation in B. bubalis as a basic information to kept the existence of spotted buffalo. Tha research was performed using PCR-RFLP technique. DNA amplification in Dloop region used spesific primers CTDF and CTDR was then cutted using restriction enzymes Hae III, Alu I, Rsa I, Hinc II, Bam HI and Eco RI. PCR amplification of D-loop generated same size DNA bands that were approximately 1361 bp. Cutting PCR product with Hae III, Alu I, Rsa I, and Hinc II generated DNA bands with same pattern (monomorphic). Meanwhile Bam HI and Eco RI did not generated any cutted DNA band. Cutting with Hae III generated DNA bands those were 636 bp, 166 bp, and 559 bp. Cutting with Alu I generated DNA bands those were 71 bp, 82 bp, 365 bp, 191 bp, 276 bp, 185 bp, dan 191 bp. Cutting with Rsa I generated DNA bands those were 284 bp dan 1077 bp. Cutting with Hinc II generated DNA bands those were 1203 bp dan 158 bp. Restriction site in D-loop fragmen in buffalo had no polymorphism. The prediction is first it was caused by the lack of restriction enzymes that have been used. Second it can be caused by restriction enzymes cutting site that being used were at the non hypervariable D-loop region. Third it can be caused by buffalo domestication which centered in Indonesia or because of buffalo introduction to Indonesia from one distribution source. So it can be said that those buffaloes came from the same ancestor. Because the result was monomorphic, it can be concluded that there was no clear connection between mitochondrial variation in D-loop fragmen with spotted skin color in buffalo.
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Judul: Analisis keragaman genetik kerbau lokal (Bubalus bubalis) berdasarkan haplotipe DNA mitokondria
Abstrak: Mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) in vertebrate is a circular double stranded DNA molecule. It has a high mutation rate and strictly maternally inherited. This research was conducted to investigate the diversity among local buffalos based on mtDNA’s control region. Samples that were used in this research were native buffalos from 10 Jawa Tengah, 12 Nusa Tenggara Barat, 10 Sumatera Utara and 12 Banten. By in vitro amplification with Polymorphism Chain Reaction method (PCR) using a pair of primer AF22 and AF23, yielded 1145 base pair long. The selected region is a segment spanning the region of end part 3’ cyt-b gene through the partial of the 3’ control region (d-loop). The PCR product was digested with four restriction enzymes, which were AluI (AG↓CT), HaeIII (GG↓CC), HinfI (G↓AnTC) and MspI (C↓CGG). Two haplotypes were detected among 44 samples. The nucleotide diversity among these haplotypes is 0,17%. Haplotype 1 found in all sample locations, while haplotype 2 was only found in one sample from Sumatera Utara. Genetically, the buffalos from Jawa Tengah, Nusa Tenggara Barat and Banten guessed have a same origin heredity (D = 0,000) and they have a near kinship with Sumatera Utara’s buffalo (D= 0,0061).
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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