Judul: Iradiasi Sinar Gamma pada Khamir Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Pachysolen tannophilus untuk Fermentasi Hidrolisat Rumput Laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii)
Abstrak: Saccharomyces cerevisiae IPBCC Y03545 and Pachysolen tannophilus IPBCC Y111149 can use galactose for carbon source and convert it to bioethanol. Those yeast can also convert one of the galactose raw material namely seaweed hydrolysate, however the ethanol production was low. Therefore, need efforts to improve the fermentation’s ability to get an optimal result. This research aimed to get strain of S. cerevisiae and P. tannophilus that have better fermentation ability than wild type as control (S. cerevisiae IPBCC Y03545 and P. tannophilus IPBCC Y111149) on converting seaweed K. alvarezii hydrolysate. The improvement of fermentation’s ability was done by gamma iradiation on 10 Gy dose and followed by 9 times adaptation on YMP Galactose Broth (0.1%). The result of gamma irradiation (10 Gy) in P. tannophilus and S. cerevisiae were showed by five isolates from each that can growth very well on galactose medium, there are R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5. Substrate efficiency (24.96%) and fermentation efficiency (1.47%) of P. tannophilus was higher than control (non irradiation and non adaptive) (24.31% and 0.50%) and S. cerevisiae (32.30% dan 0.17%).
Keyword: bioethanol, gamma radiation, Kappaphycus alvarezii hydrolysate, P. tannophilus, S. cerevisiae

Judul: Karakterisasi Sifat Fermentasi Beberapa Khamir Hasil Adaptasi Galaktosa Terhadap Hidrolisat Rumput Laut
Abstrak: Kappaphycus alvarezii has polysaccharides which consist of galactose as monomer unit. After acid hydrolysis, galactose can be used as carbon and energy source by Pachysolen tannophilus IPBCC Y111149 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae IPBCC Y03545. Yet, the ability of these strains to convert K. alvarezii hydrolysates into bioethanol was low. Therefore, improvement of their fermentation characteristics needs to be pursued. An effort to obtain galactose adapted of P. tannophilus IPBCC Y111149 and S. cerevisiae IPBCC Y03545 and further characterized the fermentation traits of those towards K. alvarezii hydrolysates were carried out in this research. Adaptation was done for 264 times in fresh Yeast Malt Peptone Galactose medium. One cycle of adaptation is about 4 hours. Strains of P. tannophilus adaptation process varied in their galactose fermentation ability, meanwhile S. cerevisiae increased with longer adaptation process. The fermentation characteristics of yeasts in K. alvarezii hydrolysates correlated with their galactose fermentation ability. Fermentation characters of P. tannophilus 88th adaptation towards K. alvarezii hydrolysates was better than wild strain, while S. cerevisiae, except their substrate efficiency, were better than its wild strain. Adaptation process did not modify the shape of P. tannophilus cell, but modified the shape and size of S. cerevisiae cell to become oval-like and bigger.
Keyword: S.cerevisiae, P. tannophilus, K. alvarezii hydrolysates, bioethanol, adaptation

Judul: Perdagangan reptilia sebagai binatang peliharaan di DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: DKI Jakarta in the world of wildlife trade is often referred as yellow dots, a city vulnerable to illegal trade. Wildlife trade in DKI Jakarta consists not only on ornamental fish, mammals and birds, but even reptiles. This study aims to describe trade locations, identify species of trade and analyze preferences of pet reptiles. The study was conducted in five traditional markets and 35 pet shops in DKI Jakarta, using interviews and investigative methods. I also carried out survey on cyber-market trade and interviews to pet reptile owners. The study was carried out from August 20th to November 20th, 2010. A total of 52 species (26 species of turtles, 23 snakes and three lizards) were traded on traditional markets, and 46 species (21 species of turtles, 19 species of snakes and six species of lizards) at the pet store. In traditional markets the common species sold are local species, but not on pet stores where most are imported species. In total, survey found five species of protected reptiles according to PP No. 7 of 1999, four species of Appendix I CITES’s reptiles and six species listed as critically endangered by IUCN Red List. Three forums in internet carried out cyber markets of pet reptiles. The most favorite pet reptiles were snakes, especially the ball python (Python regius).
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