Judul: Aktivitas Antagonis Senyawa Aktif Kayu Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Terhadap Reseptor Androgen In Silico Sebagai Antikanker Prostat
Abstrak: Kanker prostat merupakan pertumbuhan sel yang tidak normal akibat mutasi gen yang meregulasi proses proliferasi pada sel epitel prostat, serta dipengaruhi oleh hormon androgen dan reseptornya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan senyawa aktif kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) yang berpotensi sebagai antikanker prostat melalui penghambatan reseptor androgen secara in silico. Sebanyak 35 senyawa aktif kayu secang diperoleh dari publikasi, kemudian ditambatkan secara molekuler pada reseptor androgen menggunakan perangkat lunak PLANTS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan senyawa aktif sappanone B menjadi senyawa yang paling potensial sebagai antikanker prostat karena memiliki aktivitas antagonis dengan tidak membentuk ikatan hidrogen pada Asn705 dan Thr877 serta memiliki nilai penambatan -93,1328. Nilai tersebut lebih negatif dibandingkan ligan alami dihidrotestosteron dengan nilai penambatan -92,2929 dan ligan pembanding bikalutamida dengan nilai penambatan -83,2453, sehingga berpotensi memiliki afinitas ikatan antagonis terhadap reseptor androgen yang lebih kuat., Prostate cancer is an abnormal cell growth due to gene mutations that regulate the proliferation process in prostate epithelial cells, and is influenced by androgen hormone and its receptors. This study aims to determine the active compounds of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) that have potential as prostate anticancer through androgen receptor inhibition in silico. A total of 35 active compounds of sappan wood were obtained from publications, then molecularly docked to androgen receptors using PLANTS software. The results showed that sappanone B is the most potential compound as a prostate anticancer because it has antagonistic activity by not forming hydrogen bonds on Asn705 and Thr877 and has a docking score of -93.1328. This value is more negative than the natural ligand dihydrotestosterone with a docking score of -92.2929 and the comparative ligand bicalutamide with a docking score of -83.2453, so it has the potential to have a stronger antagonistic binding affinity to androgen receptors.
Keyword: Androgen, Caesalpinia sappan L., Kanker Prostat, Penambatan Molekuler, Sappanone B

Judul: Analisis In Silico Senyawa Flavonoid Kayu Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) pada Reseptor α-amilase Sebagai Antidiabetes
Abstrak: Pengujian in vitro dan in vivo kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) sebagai antidiabetes sudah dilakukan sebelumnya dan memberikan hasil yang efektif, namun mekanismenya pada hewan belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis mekanisme senyawa metabolit kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) yang dapat menghambat enzim α-amilase pada hewan melalui penambatan molekuler secara in silico. Profil farmakokinetik ligan diprediksi berdasarkan aturan Lipinski. Prediksi toksisitas dilakukan menggunakan admetSAR. Reseptor diperoleh dari basis data PDB (ID 1OSE). Ligan pembanding yang digunakan adalah akarbosa. Penambatan molekuler dilakukan dengan menambatkan ligan uji brazilin, protosappanin B, protosappanin C, dan sappanchalcone pada enzim α-amilase menggunakan Autodock Vina. Penambatan molekuler dianalisis dengan energi ikatan (ΔG), konstanta inhibisi, serta ikatan kimia. Hasil penambatan molekuler menunjukkan semua ligan uji memiliki potensi sebagai antidiabetes. Ligan uji brazilin memiliki aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-amilase lebih baik daripada akarbosa berdasarkan nilai ΔG dan %BSS., In vitro and in vivo assessments on secang wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) as antidiabetic had been done before and given effective results, but the mechanism in the animals is unknown. This study aims to analyze the mechanism of secang wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) metabolic compounds that can inhibit the α-amylase enzyme in animals through in silico molecular docking. Ligand pharmacokinetic profiles were predicted based on Lipinski’s rule. Prediction of ligand toxicity was performed using admetSAR. The receptor was obtained from the PDB database with ID 1OSE. The comparative ligand used was acarbose. Molecular docking was performed by tethering the test ligands brazilin, protosappanin B, protosappanin C, and sappanchalcone to the α-amylase enzyme using Autodock Vina. Molecular docking is analyzed by binding affinity (ΔG), inhibition constant, and chemical bonds. The molecular docking results showed that all of the tested ligands had the potential as antidiabetic. The brazilin-tested ligand had better α-amylase inhibitory activity than acarbose based on ΔG and % BSS values.
Keyword: α-amylase, Caesalpinia sappan L., diabetes, molecular docking

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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