Judul: Karakteristik Fisik,  Kimia, dan Sensori Formula Beras Analog dengan Ragam Konsentrasi Glukomanan Porang
Abstrak: Produk pangan fungsional yang dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk menurunkan prevalensi diabetes melitus dan obesitas. Beras analog adalah beras tiruan yang dibuat dari sebagian atau seluruhnya bahan non-padi dengan bentuk yang menyerupai beras. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan sensori beras analog formulasi terbaik dengan penerimaan konsumen yang tinggi. Beras analog dibuat dari kombinasi tepung beras dan glukomanan porang menggunakan metode ektrusi panas. Analisis penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua kali ulangan. Prosedur penelitian yang dilakukan adalah pembuatan beras analog dengan formulasi variasi glukomanan porang 10%, 15%, dan 20%. selanjutnya ditambahkan bahan pengikat yaitu GMS sebanyak 2% yang berfungsi juga sebagai lubrikan. Beras analog yang dihasilkan memiliki nilai derajat putih berkisar (72,66-73,95%); bobot seribu butir (19,35-23,46 g); densitas kamba (56,94-59,01 g/100 mL); dan waktu pemasakan (7,43-9,26 menit). Kadar abu beras analog berkisar (0,61-0,81%); kadar air (6,04-6,92%); kadar lemak (0,80-1,29%); kadar protein (7,18-8,31%); dan kadar karbohidrat (83,74-84,29%). Peningkatan penambahan glukomanan berpengaruh nyata terhadap sifat fisik, kimia (abu, protein, lemak), dan sensori beras analog. Formulasi terbaik berdasarkan metode Bayes yang diuji lebih lanjut untuk diketahui serat pangannya adalah beras analog dengan 10% glukomanan porang. Beras ini memiliki kadar serat pangan yang cukup tinggi, yaitu SDF sebesar 4,46% dan IDF sebesar 16,03%. Kandungan serat beras analog yang mengandung 10% glukomanan porang dapat memenuhi 50% kebutuhan serat harian.
Keyword: Analog rice, dietary fiber, glucomannan, rice flour

Judul: Karakteristik Beras Analog dari Berbagai Formulasi Tepung dengan Penambahan Glukomanan
Abstrak: Prevalensi obesitas di Indonesia terjadi peningkatan dari beberapa tahun terakhir. Serat pangan dapat menjadi alternatif diet sehat untuk menurunkan prevalensi obesitas, salah satunya dengan pembuatan beras analog tinggi serat pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan organoleptik beras analog dari tepung mocaf (TM) dan tepung ubi ungu (TU) dengan peningkatan kadar glukomanan sebesar 6% (1), 12% (2), dan 18% (3). Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua ulangan. Beras analog memiliki kadar air berkisar antara 5,29—7,91%, kadar abu 0,98—1,00%, kadar lemak 1,04--2,01%, kadar protein 2,72— 7,02%, dan kadar karbohidrat 84,72—88,57%. Waktu pemasakan berkisar antara 03,21— 04,14 menit, bobot seribu butir (g) 16,80 g—27,75 g, dan densitas kamba 0,71 g/ml— 0,85 g/ml. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan TM1 dan TU1 paling disukai konsumen. TM1 memiliki kadar serat pangan sebesar 10,37% dan TU1 sebesar 14,29%. Kedua formulasi terpilih dapat dikategorikan sebagai makanan tinggi serat pangan. Analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata penambahan glukomanan terhadap analisis kadar air, kadar protein, kadar karbohidrat, analisis waktu pemasakan, bobot seribu butir, densitas kamba, analisis warna beras mocaf (L*, a*, b*), analisis warna beras ubi ungu (L*, b*), tekstur TU, dan penerimaan overall TU pada uji organoleptik.
Keyword: analog rice, extrusion, glucomannan, mocaf flour, purple sweet, potato flour

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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