Judul: Analisis Gelombang Atmosfer Ekuatorial Planeter (EPW) di Lapisan Tropopause dan Stratosfer Bawah Indonesia dengan Menggunakan Data NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis I.
Abstrak: Equatorial Atmospheric Planetary Waves (EPW) in the Tropopause and Lower Stratosphere of Indonesia are discussed. This research is motivated by complete unsolved problems relating to evidence of existence, behavior, propagation (horizontal and vertical structure), and periodicity of EPW as well as interconnected to other equatorial atmospheric oscillations in Indonesia. Based on linearized equations of EPW in β-plane, EPW n=0 mode has greatest meridional wind amplitude in Equator and decays exponentially when away from the Equator (Gaussian Decay). EPW n=1 mode has greatest amplitude of meridional wind pertubation (v’) at latitude y= ± 1 (dimensionless) and v’ equal to zero in Equator. For EPW n=2 mode, amplitude of v’ equal to zero at latitude y = ±1/2√2 and greatest amplitudes outside the Tropics. Simulation of mixed Rossby Gravity wave results that either zonal wind or geopotential field has greatest pertubation amplitudes at latitudinal domain y= ±1 (u’=0 in Equator). Pertubation of zonal wind (u’) and geopotential field (Ф’) be in geostrophic balance at latitude y>1 and y<-1 (dimensionless) or -(β-1√gH)1/2 < y < (β-1√gH)1/2 (length dimension unit). Simulation of Kelvin wave results that either zonal wind or geopotential field has symmetric amplitude and symmetric pertubation relative to Earth latitude. Based on spectral and kinetic energy (KE) analysis, Kelvin waves in the tropopause of Western Indonesia are found in the 15 days in wet season and 18 days in dry season. Energy of Kelvin wave in this region is stronger than others. In the Middle of Indonesia, these waves are found in a period of about 12.9-18 days in wet season and do not appear in dry season. While in Eastern Indonesia, this wave appears in period of 10-12.9 days (wet season) and 11.3-18 days (dry season). Their presence in transition season is not clearly found. KE response for Kelvin waves oscillations in 10- 18 days will exhibit when monsoon strengthened in the tropopause of Southeast Asia. In the Stratosphere of Indonesia Kelvin wave appears only in wet season. Presumably, existence of Kelvin wave in the lower stratosphere is produced by vertically propagation of Kelvin wave in the tropopause.
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Judul: Analisis Penjalaran Gelombang Kelvin di Atas Kototabang Berbasis Data EAR (Equatorial Atmosphere Radar)
Abstrak: Indonesian geographical condition, maritime continent, contribute significant effects in atmosphere dynamics both macro and micro scale. One of equatorial atmospheric waves which play an important role is the Kelvin wave. It was suspected as the trigger of the Intraseasonal Variability phenomenon especially MJO (Madden Julian Oscillation). Studies on propagation and vertical structure of Kelvin wave were still limited on OLR data, GPS, RO, NCEP / NCAR reanalysis and radiosonde. EAR data were expected to explain about propagation and vertical structure of Kelvin wave better. To analyze the Kelvin wave propagation above Kototabang, spectral analysis method were used with both the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) and the Wavelet technique. Statistical analysis was also done with cross-correlation technique (Cross Corelation Function) and cross Spectral (Cross Spectrum) to see the relevance between Kelvin wave and the KTTL (Kototabang Tropical Tropopause Layer). Based on EAR data over period of 1 December 2007 – 31 December 2008, Kelvin wave was detected above Kototabang with eastward zonal propagation and downwards vertically. Spectral analysis during this period showed that the Kelvin wave appeared periodic every 18 days at 17.41 km altitude near the Tropopause layer (~17 km). Power spectrum analysis indicate that the Kelvin wave energy was stronger during wet season than during dry season. During wet months, the Kelvin wave is dominant at 16.97 km in altitude and appear periodic every 15 days. While in dry months, it is more dominant at 16.52 km in altitude and appeared every 18 days. Statistical analysis results during wet and dry season indicate a correlation between zonal wind dynamics with the fluctuation of Tropopause height, spontaneously and inspontaneously. Cross-spectrum analysis showed that zonal wind dynamics activity affected the height fluctuation of the Tropopause where the Kelvin wave tend to rise the KTTL height during wet season, while in dry season it will lower the KTTL height. Keywords : Kelvin waves, Propagation, EAR, KTTL, Spectral analysis.
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Judul: Metoda intramedullary pin sebagai salah satu cara menanggulangi fraktur femoralis pada anjing
Abstrak: Metoda intramedullary pin merupakan salah satu metoda penanggulangan fraktur yang populer karena banyak mempunyai keuntungan, diantaranya adalah : cepat dan mudah dikerja- kan, fiksasi yang dihasilkan lebih kuat dibandingkan metoda plate, setelah sembuh tulang menjadi lebih kuat, dan biaya yang digunakan relatif lebih ekonomis. Beberapa macam intramedullary pin yang ada, diantara- Steinmann pin, Rush pin, Kirschner pin, Kuentscher nya : nail, dan Leighton Shuttle pin. Teknik pemasangan intramedullary pin dapat melalui operasi tertutup atau operasi terbuka, tergantung dari ti- pe dan derajat fraktur. Pada operasi tertutup tidak dila- kukan pembukaan terhadap lokasi fraktur. Penyisipan pin dilakukan melalui fragmen fraktur proximal diteruskan ke fragmen distal, sehingga pada metoda ini luka yang timbul hanya pada tempat dimana pin tersebut dimasukkan. Pada operasi terbuka penyisipan pin dilakukan melalui pembukaan lokasi fraktur. Dalam melakukan pembukaan terhadap lokasi fraktur, harus dipilih pendekatan yang paling sesuai dan paling sedikit kemungkinannya untuk menimbulkan komplikasi. Pengambilan pin biasanya dilakukan setelah empat atau lima minggu disisipkan, diharapkan pada waktu itu telah terjadi pembentukan callus yang sudah cukup kuat untuk me- nunjang berdirinya tubuh. Pada beberapa keadaan pin tidak perlu diambil, misalnya pada anjing tua atau pada anjing yang menderita penyakit tulang. Tidak ada reaksi sakit... akibat pin bertahan di dalam tulang.
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