Judul: Effect of NAA and Thidiazuron on Zygotic Embryo Culture of Areca nut
Abstrak: Penyediaan bibit merupakan salah satu upaya penting dalam peningkatan produksi dan produktivitas pinang. Kultur embrio dapat menjadi salah satu upaya dalam menghasilkan bibit pinang. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh pemberian NAA dan TDZ terhadap pertumbuhan embrio zigotik pinang dalam kultur in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lab kultur jaringan 3, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan Februari hingga Juli 2021. Bahan tanam yang digunakan berupa embrio pinang muda yang didapatkan dari hutan di Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan percobaan RKLT 2 faktor yang terdiri atas konsentrasi NAA dan TDZ. Faktor pertama adalah TDZ 4 taraf (0, 0,5, 1, dan 1,5 ppm). Faktor kedua NAA 3 taraf (0, 0,5, dan 1 ppm). Pengelompokkan dilakukan berdasarkan waktu tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan media dengan konsentrasi NAA 0 ppm pada media MS yang ditambahkan air kelapa 150 ml L-1 paling baik untuk perkecambahan, pertumbuhan tunas, serta pertumbuhan planlet sempurna. Media dengan konsentrasi NAA 1 ppm paling baik untuk pertumbuhan akar kultur embrio. Media dengan konsentrasi TDZ 1,5 ppm menunjukan jumlah browning yang paling rendah., The supply of areca nut seedlings is important to increase production and productivity of arecanut. Embryo culture could be a way to produce good arecanut seedlings. The research aimed to study the effect of NAA and TDZ on arecanut embryo culture. The research run from February–July 2021 at plant tissue culture laboratory 3, Agronomy and Horticulture Department, Bogor Agricultural University. Young arecanut embryos collected from forest in Sukabumi, Jawa Barat are used. This research was conducted using a two-factor RCBD experimental design consisting of concentration of NAA and TDZ. The first factor was NAA concentration with 3 levels (0, 0.5, and 1 ppm). Second factor was TDZ concentration with 4 levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 ppm). Grouping is done based on planting time. The results showed that the media with a concentration of 0 ppm NAA on MS medium with 15% coconut water was the best for germination, shoot growth, and perfect plantlet growth. Media with a concentration of 1 ppm NAA was the best for root growth of embryo culture. Media with a concentration of 1.5 ppm give lower percentage in browning embryo.
Keyword: auxin, browning, cytokinin, MS medium, palm

Judul: Effects of Media and Embryo Division on In Vitro Embryo culture of Areca Nut (Areca catechu L.)
Abstrak: Pinang (Areca catechu L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas yang mengalami peningkatan ekspor setiap tahunnya. Perbanyakan pinang hingga saat ini masih terkendala penyediaan bibit. Aplikasi kultur embrio dengan pembelahan merupakan salah satu upaya untuk penyediaan bibit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh media dan pembelahan embrio pada kultur embrio pinang secara in vitro. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu jenis media yang didasarkan pada 3 penelitian terdahulu. Faktor lainnya yaitu teknik pembelahan yang terdiri atas 3 taraf (tanpa dibelah, dilukai menjadi dua, dibelah menjadi dua). Terdapat 9 perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga ada 27 satuan percobaan dan setiap satuan percobaan terdiri atas 4 botol kultur yang masing-masing ditanam satu embrio, seluruhnya terdapat 108 satuan amatan. Media dasar yang digunakan adalah Murashige dan Skoog yang ditambahkan air kelapa 15% dan arang aktif 2 g L-1. Analisis data menggunakan uji F dan uji lanjut BNJ. Media berpengaruh terhadap persentase eksplan hidup pada minggu ke 8. Komposisi BAP 1 ppm dan NAA 0,1 ppm sama baiknya dengan media yang mengandung 2ip 4,1 ppm terhadap persentase eksplan hidup. Perlakuan pembelahan menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap persentase kematian dan browning eksplan. Eksplan tanpa pembelahan menghasilkan persentase browning nyata lebih sedikit dibanding perlakuan pelukaan menjadi dua dan pembelahan menjadi dua. Terdapat interaksi pada minggu 4 dan 12 terhadap eksplan hidup. Belum diperoleh komposisi zat pengatur tumbuh terbaik dan cara pembelahan embrio untuk meningkatkan tunas in vitro pinang., Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) is one of the commodities that has increased exports every year. The propagation of areca nut is still constrained by the provision of seedlings. Application of embryo culture by division is one of the efforts to provide seedlings. This study aimed to study the effect of media and embryo division on areca nut embryo culture in vitro. The study used a factorial randomized complete block design (RKLT) with 2 factors. The first factor was the type of media based on 3 previous studies. Another factor was the cleavage technique which consists of 3 levels (without being split, incision in half, split into two). There were 9 treatments repeated 3 times so that there were 27 experimental units and each experimental unit consisted of 4 culture bottles, each of which was planted with one embryo, there were 108 units of observation in total. The basic media used was Murashige and Skoog which were added with 15% coconut water and 2 g L-1 activated charcoal. Data analysis used F test and BNJ follow-up test. The media affected the percentage of lived explants at week 8. The composition of 1 ppm BAP and 0.1 ppm NAA was as good as the media containing 2ip 4.1 ppm on the percentage of live explants. The splitting treatment showed a significant effect on the percentage of mortality and browning of explants. Explants without cleavage resulted in significantly less browning percentage than the treatment of incision in half and splitting into two. There was an interaction at weeks 4 and 12 with live explants. The composition of the best plant growth regulators and methods of embryo division
Keyword: MS media, multiplication, PGR, phenolic compounds, shoots

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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