Judul: Studi Potensi Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Organik Rumah Sakit PMI Kota Bogor Sebagai Alternatif Energi Terbarukan (Biogas)
Abstrak: Waste is defined as all of the material that discarded from the human activities such as household, commerce, hospital, industrial, and agricultural. Biogas technology is one of technologies which can be used to convert hospital’s organic liquid waste to energy resource and other useful product such as liquid fertilizer. The objectives of this research is to determine the potential of hospital's organic liquid waste to produce biogas, and also to analyze the technical feasibility towards the implementation of biogas technology in processing of hospital's organic liquid waste. This research was divided into 2 steps: the preliminary study and the main study. In the preliminary study, raw material was analyzed (water content, C/N ratio) to find the best material and optimum composition which produce highest productivity. The selected material and composition will be use as feedstock for biogas producer plant which is observed in the main study. Result of preliminary study shows that the potential study was organic liquid waste without solids material (C/N ratio 16.36) which could produce biogas approximately 0.718 liters/day. The drum with capacity of 240 liters has been used as a continuous type digester. Result of technical analysis was indicated that the implementation of biogas technology to organic liquid waste without solid material, didn't feasible due to the low methane concentration (approximately 0.04%) in the biogas. The several factors which influenced biogas production were ambient temperature, C/N ratio, and toxic material.
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Judul: Pengolahan Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit Kota Bogor secara Biologis
Abstrak: Hospital wastes from PMI Hospital and from other hospital in Bogor, as reference, using same waste treatment system, but with polyaluminium chloride addition as coagulant, were analyzed for several parameters: total suspended solids, pH, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia, phosphate, and total coliform. All parameters had fulfilled the quality standard from Kep MLH No. 58/MNLH/12/1995, except the COD value for the third month, probably because excessive usage of detergent. Paired t-test to the waste parameters before and after treatment showed significantly different results. Therefore, the wastewater treatment in PMI Hospital has been effective, although still not as well as reference hospital.
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Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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