Judul: Utilization of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) in feed on growth of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio.
Abstrak: Biaya produksi ikan budidaya yang tinggi disebabkan harga pakan yang tinggi, karena bahan baku pakan yang digunakan masih didatangkan dari luar negeri. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, dapat digunakan bahan baku alternatif yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku pakan. Salah satunya adalah Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) yang merupakan hasil samping industri penyulingan etanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jumlah optimal DDGS pada pakan ikan terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan (laju pertumbuhan harian, efisiensi pakan, retensi protein, dan retensi lemak) serta kecernaan DDGS pada ikan mas Cyprinus carpio. Ikan mas yang digunakan berukuran 11,01±0,29 g. Wadah pemeliharaan yang digunakan yaitu akuarium berukuran 50x40x35 cm sebanyak 12 buah dengan padat tebar ikan 10 ekor per akuarium. Bahan baku utama yang digunakan dalam komposisi pakan yaitu tepung ikan, soybean meal (SBM), DDGS, dan pollard. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat perlakuan pakan buatan isonitrogenous dan isokalori dengan kadar DDGS yang berbeda, yaitu 0%, 25%, 50%, dan 75% DDGS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan DDGS dengan kadar yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap retensi protein dan optimal pada 25% DDGS yaitu 43,54±3,2% (P<0,05), namun tidak berbeda nyata pada retensi lemak. Pakan 0% dan 25% DDGS tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata pada parameter laju pertumbuhan harian, dengan nilai tertinggi 1,87±0,1%. Efisiensi pakan pada perlakuan 25% DDGS tidak berbeda nyata dengan pakan tanpa DDGS. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan pada semua perlakuan 100%. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan 25% DDGS dalam pakan ikan mas memberikan hasil yang paling optimum pada parameter retensi protein, laju pertumbuhan harian, dan efisiensi pakan. Nilai kecernaan DDGS pada ikan mas yaitu 56,40%.
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Judul: Evaluasi kualitas pakan berbeda terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan Ikan Mas Cyprinus carpio
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pemberian pakan dengan kualitas berbeda terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio). Ikan mas dengan bobot awal rata-rata 16,88±0,01 g/ekor dipelihara selama 40 hari dalam akuarium berukuran 50x40x35 cm dengan kepadatan 10 ekor/akuarium. Suhu air diatur 28 °C menggunakan heater. Ikan uji diberi tiga jenis pakan yang memiliki kandungan protein berbeda yaitu 31%, 32%, dan 33% dengan rasio energi protein (c/p) sebesar 14 kkal/g. Pemberian pakan dilakukan secara at satiation sebanyak tiga kali sehari pada pukul 08.00, 12.00, dan 16.00 WIB. Parameter penelitian yang diukur adalah kinerja pertumbuhan; jumlah konsumsi pakan, kecernaan protein, kecernaan energi, retensi protein, retensi lemak, laju pertumbuhan harian, efisiensi pakan, dan kelangsungan hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pakan dengan kadar protein 32% memberikan laju pertumbuhan harian dan efisiensi pakan terbaik pada ikan mas dibandingkan dengan pakan perlakuan lainnya.
Keyword: Common carp, Protein, Calory protein ratio, Growth, Fish weight, Water temperature, Crude protein, Feeding method, Feed efficiency, Growth rate, Survival rate

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite