Judul: Mempelajari viabilitas dalam milk yang disimpan pada suhu dingin
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari viabilitas Lactobacillus acidophilus selama penyimpanan suhu dingin. Hasil analisis secara periodik (setiap dua hari) ter- hadap viabilitas sel, pH dan kandungan asam laktat "sweet acidophilus milk" yang disimpan pada suhu dingin (4±2°C) selama 12 hari menunjukkan viabilitas sel L. acidophilus menurun selama penyimpanan berturut-turut 100% (7,15 log cfu/ml); 91,1% (7,11); 66,6% (6,97); 54,8% (6,88); 31,7% (6,62); 4,57% (6,06) dan 0,83% (5,06) pada hari ke 0; 2; 4; 6; 8; 10 dan 12. Nilai pH dan kandungan asam laktat tidak menunjukkan perubahan selama penyimpanan.
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Judul: Formulasi Susu Fermentasi Mengandung Lactobacillus rhamnosus R23 dan Pediococcus Pentosaceus A38 Asal ASI dan Viabilitasnya selama Penyimpanan Dingin
Abstrak: Lactic acid bacteria isolated from breast milk, i.e. Lactobacillus rhamnosus R23 and Pediococcus pentosaceus A38 and inulin were used in development of fermented milk product (yoghurt). This research divided into three step i.e. determination of fermentation methods, formulation, and evaluation of probiotic’s viability during 32 days of refrigerated strorage. The results showed that L. rhamnosus R23 grew well on skim milk while the growth of P. pentosaceus A38 in skim milk needs supplementation with 3% sucrose. Fermentation period was not less than 48 hours at 37oC. The yoghurt has to be developed as stirred yoghurt by fermenting L. rhamnosus R23 and P. pentosaceus A38 in separated media then mixed after yoghurt formed with a ratio 1:2 (yoghurt L. rhamnosus R23:yoghurt P. pentosaceus A38) to obtained the highest count of P. pentosaceus as the growth of P. pentosaceus was inhibited by L. rhamnosus. Addition of 0.3% agar did not improved texture of the yoghurt and less preferred by panellists meanwhile addition of 15% sucrose gave the most preferred yoghurt. During 32 days of refrigerated storage, all yoghurt still maintaining high number of viable cells of LAB (>8 log cfu/ml). Pediococci counts in yoghurt control and G (addition sucrose) were decline from >7 log cfu/ml to 6,48 dan 6,89 log cfu/ml, respectively after 32 days. Mold and yeast found only in yoghurt G after 32 days storage, but only in small number. During storage, pH value declined from 4,4-5,0 to 4,1-4,3 after 32 days. The shelf life of yoghurt I, IG, and kontrol were longer than 32 days and yoghurt G was 32 days.
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Judul: The construction of a rule to combine sentence graphs
Abstrak: Nowadays, people prefer to read an electronic article or text and it requires a short time to understand the content or substance of the text. This is due to time constraints and other activities are more important than reading. However, reading remains an important thing to do. This can be solved by making a summary of the text. Summary text is done by using the Knowledge Graph and carried through two stages, namely representation and simplification or simplification results representation. Representation of a text is carried out in stages because the text has several elements, ie words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs. Representation of text elements that have been researched are words, phrases, and clauses. The representation can be used to generate a representation of the sentence. Representation of sentences requires a rule so that everyone produces the same representation. Therefore, the authors conducts a study on a representation of the meaning of the sentence. This research aims are to create a rule to construct a sentence graph and a rule to combine sentence graphs. The benefit of this research is to provide the rules for constructing a sentence graph thus eliminating the ambiguity of the sentence. Knowledge Graph method is a way to describe or represent of human language that is more centered on the semantic aspects of the syntactic aspect. The Knowledge Graph consists of two components, namely concept and relationship. Concept consists of three elements, namely token, type, and name. Token is a concept that is understood by a person according to their perspectives; this affects token to be subjective. Type is a concept that has been agreed and it is considered as general information so that affect type to be objective. Name is an individualized concept and unique. Relationship consists of several types of relations, namely ALI, CAU, SUB, DIS, ORD, PAR, EQU, and SKO. ALI relation is used to connecting the token with the type. CAU relation is used to connecting the two concepts that have a causal relationship. SUB relation expresses a concept as a part of another concept. DIS relation is used to presenting two concepts are not the same. ORD relation is stated that two things have a certain order to each other. PAR relation is stated that a thing is an attributes (properties) of the other things. EQU relation is used to connecting the two equal or similar concept. SKO relation expresses dependency relationship between two concepts. This study uses a sentence that has a type based on the basic structure of the sentence, which is the structure of subject-predicate sentence, the structure of subject-predicate-object sentence, the structure of subject-predicate-adverb sentence, the structure of subject-predicate-complement sentence, the structure of subject-predicate-object-adverb sentence, and the structure of subject-predicate-object-complement sentence. Chronology of the research is as follows, (1) studying literature which is about the types of sentences, the Knowledge Graph methods, the application of the Knowledge graph methods, and the standard procedures for Indonesian language. (2) creating rules to construct a sentence graph, with the following steps, (2a) construct a sentence graph, (2b) test rules to
Keyword: a rule to combine sentence graphs, a rule to construct a sentence graph, Knowledge Graph, Sentence Graph