Judul: The Global Climate Prediction Data Association Analysis for Hotspots Using the Combined Empirical Orthogonal Function (CEOF)
Abstrak: Iklim global yang terdiri dari El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dan Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) memiliki dampak pada penurunan curah hujan di wilayah Indonesia. Penelitian sebelumnya menemukan bahwa ENSO dan IOD yang berasal dari dataset OISST memiliki keterkaitan dengan hotspot di Indonesia, khususnya di Sumatera bagian selatan dan Kalimantan. Namun hasil korelasinya terlalu kecil sehingga penelitian sebelumnya tidak difokuskan pada menganalisis kekuatan korelasi antar wilayah. Oleh karena itu, studi ini menghitung asosiasi estimasi ENSO dan IOD yang berasal dari dataset ERA5 pada hotspot di Indonesia berdasarkan Heterogeneous Correlation Map (HCM) dan menganalisis kekuatan korelasi antar wilayah di Indonesia. ERA5 merupakan data estimasi yang sering digunakan untuk analisis prakiraan cuaca. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ENSO lebih berasosiasi dengan titik api di Papua dan Kalimantan. Sebaliknya, IOD lebih dikaitkan dengan titik api di Sumatera bagian selatan. Selain itu, berdasarkan varians yang dijelaskan dan kekuatan korelasinya, hotspot di Indonesia lebih sensitif terhadap ENSO dan IOD yang berasal dari ERA5 daripada OISST., The global climate consisting of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) has an impact on reducing rainfall in Indonesia. Previous researches have found that ENSO and IOD derived from the OISST dataset are correlated to hotspots in Indonesia, particularly in southern Sumatra and Kalimantan. However, their correlation is too small so that previous research was not focused on analyzing the strength of the correlation between regions. Therefore, this study calculates the association of ENSO and IOD estimation derived from the ERA5 dataset of hotspots in Indonesia based on the Heterogeneous Correlation Map (HCM) and analyzes the strength of the correlation among regions in Indonesia. Apart from OISST, ERA5 is an estimated data which is often used for weather forecast analysis. The result of the study shows that ENSO is more associated with hotspots in Papua and Kalimantan. In contrast, IOD is more associated with hotspots in southern Sumatra. In addition, based on the variance described and the strength of the correlation, hotspots in Indonesia are more sensitive to ENSO and IOD originating from ERA5 than OISST’s.
Keyword: ENSO, Heterogeneous correlation map, Hotspot, IOD, SVD

Judul: Analisis dan Pemodelan Dampak ENSO dan IOD Terhadap Hotspot di Papua
Abstrak: Curah hujan dan anomalinya merupakan salah satu pemicu kemunculan hotspot. ENSO dan IOD memiliki dampak pada peningkatan dan penurunan curah hujan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini memodelkan dampak IOD dan ENSO terhadap hotspot di Papua. Dampak tersebut dimodelkan menggunakan optimasi tanpa kendala dengan fungsi tujuan meningkatkan korelasi antara data iklim (dryspell dan anomali curah hujan) dan data hotspot dan variabel keputusan adalah koefisien model. Koefisien merepresentasikan dampak IOD, ENSO, dan kombinasi keduanya terhadap hotspot. Pembobotan dryspell dan anomali curah hujan dengan ENSO dan IOD memberikan peningkatan korelasi terhadap hotspot dibanding sebelum diboboti. Analisis HCM juga menunjukkan pembobotan tersebut memberikan penguatan asosiasi secara spasial. ENSO menjadi indikator yang lebih besar dampaknya terhadap hotspot di Papua dibanding IOD., Total precipitation dan its anomalies are the triggers for the emergence of hotspot. ENSO and IOD have impacts on increasing and decreasing total precipitation in Indonesia. This study modeled the impact of IOD and ENSO on hotspot in Papua. The impact is modeled using unconstraint optimization with the objective function maximizing the correlation between climate data (dryspell and precipitation anomaly) and hotspot data and the decision variable is the model coefficient. The coefficients represent the impact of IOD, ENSO, and combination of them on hotspots. Weighting with ENSO and IOD on dryspell and precipitation anomaly improves correlation to hotspots compared before weighting. HCM analysis also showed the weighting improved spatial associations. ENSO is an indicator of its greater impact on hotspot in Papua than IOD.
Keyword: anomali curah hujan, dryspell, ENSO, IOD, HCM, hotspot, hujan

Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography