Judul: Pengusahaan tanaman tembakau rakyat di kabupaten kendal-jawa tengah
Abstrak: Saat ini tembakau merupakan salah satu tanaman industri yang penting disamping tanaman industri lainnya, bagi perekonomian negara dan rakyat. Tembakau merupakan salah satu penghasil devisa dan sebagai sumber penghasil negara. Walaupun tembakau bukan merupakan kebutuhan bahan pokok seperti beras, tetapi tembakau merupakan bahan kenikmatan bagi manusia yang sulit ditinggalkan (Hartana, 1970). Tembakau termasuk famili Solanaceae (terdiri dari 85 genus dan 1 800 spesies), sub famili Nicotianae dan genus Nicotiana. Menurut Goodspeed dalam Akehurst (1970) dan Hartana (1973) bahwa famili Solanaceae digolongkan menjadi tiga sub genus, yaitu: (1) Sub genus Rustika, meliputi sembilan spesies; (2) Sub genus Tabacum, meliputi enam spesies dan (3) Sub genus Petunoides, meliputi 45 spesies. Tembakau yang mempunyai arti ekonomi adalah Nicotiana tabacum dan Nicotiana rustika yang banyak digunakan sebagai pembungkus dan pembalut cerutu, rokok, dikunyah dan lain sebagainya. Nicotiana alata dan Nicotiana sylvestris diluar negeri banyak digunakan sebagai tanaman hias (Garner, 1951).
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Judul: Pengusahaan Tanaman Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L) di Perseroan Terbatas Perkebunan XXVII Jember, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Sektor pertanian dewasa ini masih merupakan tulang punggung perekonomian Indonesia. Keadaan lingkungan hidup dan pasar yang cocok akan menunjang perkembangan pertanian. Beberapa komoditi hasil pertanian yang dapat diperdagangkan di pasaran internasional merupakan sumber devisa negara, di antaranya adalah tembakau. Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.) merupakan tanaman penghasil devisa penting bagi Indonesia. Kendatipun tembakau tidak termasuk bahan pangan pokok seperti padi, jagung dan sebagainya tetapi penggunaannya sebagai bahan kesenangan (luxurious) misalnya cerutu, rokok, tembakau pipa dan lainnya tidak dapat diabaikan. Permintaan akan tembakau tiap tahunnya cenderung semakin meningkat, tetapi persaingan dengan negara-negara pengekspor tembakau lain senantiasa menghambat pengembangan ekspor Indonesia; hal ini terlihat pada Tabel 1. Tambunan, Abdullah dan Hamid (1959) menyatakan bahwa tembakau merupakan lima besar pendapatan yang diperoleh negara baik yang berupa devisa maupun pajak. Selain itu pengusahaan tembakau dapat memberikan aktifitas lan jut di bidang industri lainnya misalnya pabrik rokok, esense, bahan perekat dan sebagainya (Djojosoediro, 1967).
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm