Judul: Macroencapsulated Probiotic and Prebiotic Fortified Pineapple Yoghurt.
Abstrak: Various studies have claimed that probiotic is correlated with improvement of intestinal health, enhancement of immune response, reduction of serum cholesterol, and prevention of cancer. These functions depend largely on their viability during exposure to low pH in human stomach. Therefore, in the current study, encapsulated probiotic and prebiotic fortified pineapple yoghurt was developed employing reverse spherification process. The effects of inulin (0, 1, and 2% w/v) and pineapple juice concentrations (5, 10, and 15% w/w) on physicochemical and sensory properties of yoghurt were studied. Based on the highest acceptability of yoghurt texture, 1% inulin and 5% pineapple juice was chosen for encapsulation study in the following step. CaCl2 (0 and 0.5% w/w) and alginate solution (0.7 and 1% w/w) were varied to study encapsulation process. Yoghurt with 0.75% alginate in the absence of CaCl2 had the highest swallowability and overall acceptability. Prior to in vitro digestion, encapsulation of the yoghurt gave a little protection effect on bacteria viability with approximately 3 log lactic acid bacteria reduction which was attributed to poor gel strength due to reverse spherification process.
Keyword: reverse spherification, encapsulation, alginate, digestive simulation

Judul: Enkapsulasi Starter Yoghurt (Streptococcus thermophilus dan Lactobacillus bulgaricus) Menggunakan Bahan Pengisi Berbasis Pati
Abstrak: The viability of lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus) in yoghurt is declined during storage. To prevent this condition we need giving protection by encapsulating the bacteria. Encapsulating had been doing by emulsion method. Emulsion method held by emulsify encapsulating material (maize resistant starch and maltodextrin) with vegetable oil (canola oil containing 0,5% tween 80%), with the equivalent of them 1:2:2. 0.1% (cultivated from beginning of log phage) an amount inoculums was added. Emulsion method which used in this research has been modified. The process of adding CaCl2 solution using syringe 23 G (0. 573mm) and 10 cm of the drop distance from alginate-oil solution. The separating held by using shaker during 24 hours and beads collected using filtration. The composition of encapsulating material and filler had been using are alginate 2%: high amylose corn starch 2%, alginate 3%: maltodextrin 1% and alginate 4%. Drying process of wet beads which produced in this method using oven 40oC during two hour. Then, the best encapsulating material had advanced tested based on quality and quantity. Quantity test held by comparising the yoghurt which produced from free cell and commercial starter (yoghurtmert). The best encapsulating material is alginate 3%: maltodextrin 1%. Encapsulating increase the viability of the bacteria 6.09x105cfu/g (on wet beads) and 2.56 x105cfu/g (on dry beads) as compared to free cell. Yoghurt which produced by alginate 3%: maltodextrin 1% is more sour than free cell, but less than commercial starter. The result of hedonic can be describe that yoghurt which produced by alginate 3%: maltodextrin 1% is not different from commonly consumed yoghurt.
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Judul: Kerusakan bantalan rel kereta api di wilaya inspeksi 2 jalan dan bangunan perusahaan jawatan kereta api (pjka),cirebon
Abstrak: Kereta api merupakan salah satu sarana angkutan yang murah, cepat dan aman serta dapat mengangkut barang dalam jumlah besar. Kelancaran operasi sarana angkutan tersebut banyak ditentukan oleh kondisi jalan rel, termasuk kondisi bantalannya. Dalam hal ini bantalan rel kereta api dapat dibuat dari kayu, logam, atau beton. Namun demikian kayu merupakan bahan yang paling banyak digunakan sebagai pembuat bantalan rel kereta api di berbagai negara. Kenyataan menunjukkan bahwa kayu yang digunakan sebagai bantalan rel kereta api sering mengalami berbagai macam kerusakan yang menyebabkan bantalan tidak berfungsi lagi atau menurun fungsinya. Di Indonesia, informasi mengenai jenis dan tingkat kerusakan bantalan kayu masih sangat kurang, pada- hal informasi tersebut sangat penting sebagai dasar pertimbangan dalam rangka pemeliharaan jalan kereta api, agar umur pakainya (service life) lebih lama.
Keyword: bantalan rel