Judul: Variability of Panicle Morphological Characters and Yield of  Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in the F4 Generation.
Abstrak: Sorgum merupakan tanaman pangan penting kelima di dunia. Morfologis malai diduga mempengaruhi hasil sehingga dilakukan upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dengan persilangan. Penelitian bertujuan menginfomasikan keragaman karakter malai dan hasil sorgum populasi F4 serta mengidentifikasi genotipe yang berpotensi hasil lebih baik dari tetua, dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari-Juli 2021 di Kebun Percobaan leuwikopo dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman IPB. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan augmented- RKLT faktor tunggal berupa genotipe terdiri 40 genotipe uji hasil persilangan Kawali-Pahat dan 5 genotipe pembanding diulang 4 kali. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan genotipe berpengaruh nyata terhadap beberapa karakter. Genotipe 4, 32, 56, 57, 66, 67, 120, 126, 129, 133 dan 140 berpotensi untuk dikembangkan karena memiliki keragaan karakter agronomi, komponen hasil dan morfologi malai yang unggul. Karakter tinggi tanaman, lebar daun, bobot biomassa basah dan bobot 1000 butir dapat dijadikan sebagai karakter seleksi karena memiliki nilai heritabilitas yang tinggi dan koefisien keragaman genetik yang sedang sampai luas., Sorghum is the fifth most important food crop in the world. Morphology of panicle can be correlated to grain yield. Efforts have been made to increase productivity hybridization. The study aimed to obtain information on the genetic variabilty of panicle character and yield of sorghum in the F4 population and also identify genotypes that have better yield potential than parents. The experiment was conducted at Leuwikopo Experimental Farm and plant breeding laboratory IPB from February to July 2021. The experimental design used is Augmented Design-RCBD one factor, this genotype consists 40 genotypes of sorghum F4 from crosses Kawali-Pahat and 5 comparison varieties in 4 replications. The results of variance analysis showed that genotype had a significant effect on several characters. Genotype number 4, 32, 56, 57, 66, 67, 120, 126, 129, 133 and 140 have the potential to be developed into varieties because of superior performance of agronomic characters, yield components, and the morphology of panicle characters. Characters of plant height, width leaf, stover weight and weight of 1000 seed can be used as selection characters because of high heritability value and moderate to broad genetic variability coefficient.
Keyword: Augemnted design, Heritability, Panicle, yield

Judul: Morphological Traits Performance of Ten Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Genotypes
Abstrak: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench merupakan tanaman pangan terpenting nomor lima di dunia dengan resistensi luas terhadap cekaman penyakit, hama, dan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh informasi keragaan karakter morfologis sepuluh genotipe sorgum, keeratan hubungan karakter morfologis, serta menemukan genotipe sorgum dengan karakter morfologis terbaik. Sepuluh genotipe yang diuji ialah Pulut 2, Pulut 3, Pulut 4, Numbu, Kawali, Pahat, Bioguma 1, Soraya 3, A-125-1-6-1-6, dan PI-150-20-A. Penanaman berdasarkan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak satu faktor dengan tiga kelompok mewakili ulangan. Lima tanaman contoh diambil per plot per genotipe. Uji F menunjukkan genotipe dan ulangan berbeda sangat nyata terhadap karakter kesepuluh genotipe. Keempat karakter menunjukkan heritabilitas yang tinggi. Pulut 2, A-125-1-6-1-6, Numbu, dan Bioguma 1 merupakan genotipe dengan tinggi tanaman tertinggi dan berbeda nyata dengan genotipe lainnya. Genotipe A-125-1-6-1-6 memiliki diameter batang dan jumlah daun terbesar. Diameter batang A-125-1-6-1-6 berbeda nyata dengan genotipe Pulut 2 dan Pulut 4. Jumlah daun A-125-1-6-1-6 tidak berbeda nyata hanya terhadap Numbu, Bioguma 1, dan Soraya 3. Genotipe Pulut 2, Pulut 3, Pulut 4, dan Pahat memiliki bobot basah malai terkecil dan saling tidak berbeda nyata. Korelasi kuat terjadi antara karakter jumlah daun dan bobot basah malai. Tiga genotipe yang memiliki karakter morfologis terbaik yaitu A-125-1-6-1-6, Bioguma 1, dan Numbu., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench considered as the fifth most important crops in the world with broad resistency against disease, pest, and environmental stress. The objectives of this research are to obtain information of traits performance among ten sorghum genotypes, relation strengthness, morphologcal traits, and determine the genotype with the best morphological traits. The tested genotypes are Pulut 2, Pulut 3, Pulut 4, Numbu, Kawali, Pahat, Bioguma 1, Soraya 3, A-125-1-6- 1-6, and PI-150-20-A.Planting based on randomized complete block design with one factor that contained three blocks represent the three replication. Each plot of each genotype were taken five plants as sample. The F-test shows genotypes and replication are significantly differ with traits of sorghum genotypes. All characters shows high heritability. Pulut 2, A-125-1-6-1-6, Numbu, and Bioguma 1 have higher plant height and significantly differ with other genotypes. A-125-1-6-1-6 has the thickest stems and highest leaf amount. Stems diametre of A-125-1-6-1-6 are significantly differ than Pulut 2 and Pulut 4. Leaf amount of A-125-1-6-1-6 are insignificantly differ than Numbu, Bioguma 1, and Soraya 3. Pulut 2, Pulut 3, Pulut 4, dan Pahat have lower wet panicle weight than other genotypes and insignifficantly different between each other. Strong correlation occured between leaf amount and stem diameter. Three genotypes with better morphological traits compared to other genotypes are A-125-1-6-1-6, Bioguma 1, and Numbu.
Keyword: broad spectrum heritability, coefficient of genotype variability, randomized complete block design, selection criteria, standard deviation of genotype

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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