Judul: Application Of Soil And Water Conservation Technology In Water Resource Management Of Kaligarang Watershed, Central Java
Abstrak: Kaligarang watershed had a significant role as a major supplier of drinking water for Semarang city. Land use of Kaligarang watershed wich was dominantly used for dry land and mixed crops dry land farming (59.71%), and only a small part for forest (11.92%), without adequate soil and water conservation techniques had significanly decreased the watershed hydrological functions. This conditions were indicated by the increasing of direct runoff, fluctuations of rivers discharge (floods in rainy and drought in dry season) and in turn decreasing of water availability. On the other hand, the increasing of population and economic development in Semarang city had caused a significant increase of needed potable water. The decreasing of water availability and the increasing of water demand had significanly increased water deficit, especially in the dry season. The application of adequate soil and water conservation technologies were badly needed to solve the problem sustainably. Sustainable water resource management was considered achievable when the participation of commonly increased through practicing adequate soil and water conservation technique and/or paying the cost of the technologies. The aims of this study were (a) to predict the effect of land use on hydrological function of Kaligarang watershed; (b) to predict the demand and availability of water for Semarang city, as well as water stakeholders WTP for Kaligarang watershed management; (c) to analyze the effect of soil and water conservation practices on hydrological characteristics of Kaligarang watershed; and (d) to formulate alternatives recommendations of soil and water conservation technologies far in the development of water resources of Kaligarang watershed. The prediction of land use effect on hydrological condition were carried out using linier regression analysis, and prediction of willingness to pay for Kaligarang watershed management were conducted using WTP method. The erosion prediction value of each development scenario predicted using USLE method (Weischmeier and Smith, 1978) and the volume of daily surface runoff were predicted using SCS method (US-SCS 1973 in Arsyad 2006). Calculation of surface runoff and erosion predictions were carried out using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model. The development plan of sustainable water resources of Kaligarang watershed was arranged in four scenarios. The best scenario of water resource managements were determined based on ecological, social, and economical considerations. The ecological indicators were base on predicted erosion value, river regime coefficient and direct surface runoff coefficient. Sosial indicator were based on community acceptability and economical indicator were determined based on the percentage of water user respondents WTP and the amount WTP for improvement cost. In addition to ecological, social and economical considerations, the alternative development scenario determined based on the most rational implementation time. Sustainable water resource management plan formulated by applying soil and water conservation practices on dry land farming, mixed dry land farming and resettlement. The result showed that the land use change of Kaligarang watershed (2000 – 2013) resulted in the increasing direct runoff coefficient, maximum daily discharge and the decreasing of the daily minimum discharge, as well as the increasing of the river discharge fluctuation. The total willingness to pay value for the rehabilitation of Kaligarang watershed
Keyword: erosion prediction, land use, soil and water conservation practice, surface runoff, willingness to pay, water resources

Judul: Study on the dynamic land use impact in Wanggu watershed to sedimentation to Kendary Bay in South East Sulawesi
Abstrak: The dynamic of land use in Wanggu Watershed had been causing land degradation disruption of hydrological function of the watershed and sedimentation in Kendari Bay. These degradations were indicated by the increasing of river fluctuation and erosion was higher than the local tolerable soil losts. The impact of erosion had further decreased land productivity, farmer’s income, and also increasing sedimentation in Kendari Bay as well. The objectives of this research were 1) to identify the biophysical characteristics of Wanggu watershed. 2) to study the impact of land use dynamic on erosion, run off, river flow fluctuation and sedimentation in Kendari Bay, 3) to develope land use models and agrotechnologies that can increase soil infiltration capacity, decrease run off coefficient, river flow fluctuation, rate of erosion and sedimentation in Kendari Bay, 4) to formulate land use planning and agrotechnology model in Wanggu watershed to guarantee sustainable land management. This research was carried out in September 2009 to August 2010. The result of this research showed that forested land characteristics were much better than those with other land uses particularly the characteristics that related to hydrological function of watershed. There were a continuous decrease forest land (1.1% per year) and bushes land (0.8% per year) but on the other hand a continuous increase of mixed plantation land (1.1% per year), dry land use (0.4% per year) and settlement area (0.4% per year). These dynamic giving the impact to increase erosion rate (12.7 tons/ha), surface run off (262.7 mm), run off coeficient (0.13) since 1992-2010, and in turn increase sedimentation rate in Kendari Bay. The source of those sediment come from land erosion 104.000 m3 per year (9,3%), from waste 21.310 m3 per year (2%), and river bank erosion-infrastructure-landslide 954.000 m3 per year (88,7%), to make total sedimentation in Kendari Bay was 1.071.000 m3 per year. The existing land use of Wanggu watershed in 2010 could not guarantee sustainable land management. The alternative land use planning for sustainable Wanggu watershed management is 33 % forest, 44 % mixed plantation,9% dry field, 1% bush and 13% settlement. The land use management in mixced plantation should be under Agrosilvopastoral with perennial crops (cacao, pepper, citrut fruit, banana, teak, elephant grass+3 cows), and in dry field should be under multiple cropping system(corn + cassava + peanut) - (green beans + legume + tomato). To increase productivity of both systems, the using of chemical fertilizers, manure, and compost should be applied as necessary.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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