Judul: Protokol Pertukaran Kunci Berbasis Kriptosistem Kunci Publik Elgamal.
Abstrak: Komunikasi atau pertukaran data sekarang ini sangat mudah dilakukan bahkan komunikasi jarak jauh sekalipun. Namun kemudahan ini tidak hanya membawa dampak positif tetapi juga negatif, salah satunya adalah keamanan datadata yang dipertukarkan tersebut. Data tersebut harus dienkripsi menjadi pesan rahasia agar tidak seorang pun, selain party yang berkomunikasi, dapat mengetahui isi pesan rahasia tersebut. Kriptosistem pertukaran kunci publik ElGamal merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk pengamanan tersebut. Karya ilmiah ini menjelaskan teori-teori yang digunakan dalam protokol pertukaran kunci berbasis kriptosistem kunci publik ElGamal, mekanisme protokol tersebut dan menganalisis keamanan dari kriptosistem kunci publik ElGamal. Party-party yang berkomunikasi akan membuat sebuah kunci rahasia atau kunci sesi dengan pertukaran kunci publik. Setelah pertukaran tersebut, party-party akan memeroleh kunci rahasia atau kunci sesi yang akan digunakan untuk mengenkripsi dan dekripsi data. Kriptosistem kunci publik ElGamal dapat dikatakan cukup aman karena adanya masalah logaritma diskret dan proses autentikasi yang mencegah terjadinya man-in-the-middle attack.
Keyword: ElGamal, komunikasi, kriptosistem, kunci rahasia

Judul: Protokol Pertukaran Kunci Berbasis Kriptosistem Kunci Publik Diffie-Hellman
Abstrak: Karya ilmiah ini menjelaskan teori-teori yang digunakan dalam protokol pertukaran kunci berbasis kriptosistem kunci publik Diffie-Hellman, mekanisme protokol tersebut dan menganalisis keamanan dari kriptosistem kunci publik Diffie-Hellman. Algoritme Diffie-Hellman merupakan salah satu protokol komunikasi dengan sistem kriptografi kunci asimetri atau kunci publik. Algoritma ini digunakan untuk mempertukarkan kunci rahasia bersama (kunci rahasia yang digunakan untuk komunikasi dengan menggunakan sistem kriptografi simetri) antara dua orang atau lebih. Tingkat keamanan dari algoritme Diffie-Hellman didasarkan pada masalah logaritma diskret bagi grup pergandaan bilangan bulat modulo prima. Karena tidak adanya proses autentifikasi dalam algoritme Diffie- Hellman, mengakibatkan algoritme ini rentan terhadap ancaman dari penyerang aktif dalam proses pertukaran kunci.
Keyword: Diffie-Hellman, kunci publik, kunci rahasia bersama, masalah logaritma diskret, pertukaran kunci

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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