Judul: Identifikasi senyawa kimia antifungal dari bakteri endofit asal Taxus sumatrana
Abstrak: In recent decades, there has been an increase in fungal infection caused by resistance of some species of fungus to fungicides used in medicinal treatment. The use of antifungal in the treatment of fungal infections should considering the toxicity, efficacy, cost and frequent use had led to emergence of resistant strains. One approach to developing antifungal drugs is use of plants as sources of medicine (Abad et al. 2007). Plants are host for the presence of endophytic microbes. Some of these endophytes produce bioactive compound that are involved in the host-microbes relationship. Taxus is one of the hosts plant for endophytic microbes. An endophytic fungus Paecilomyces sp. was isolated from Taxus mairei, produce metabolites brefeldin A, which has several activities such as antifungal, antiviral and anticancer drugs (Wang et al. 2002). Tayung et al (2007) also reported that a bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens was isolated from Taxus batacca rhizosphere, produce antimicrobial compounds. Many endophytic microbes associated with Taxus have been demonstrated to produce biactive compound that was an opportunity to explore endophytic microbes of Taxus from Indonesia. Taxus sumatrana was known as the Sumatran Yew that was a needle tree, grown naturally in Indonesia. T. sumatrana was recognized for producing a number of active compounds such as taxol, cephalomannine, 7-epi-10-deacetyltaxol, 7-epi-10- deacetylcephalomannine, baccatin III, 19-hydroxybaccatin III and 10-deacetyl-13- oxobaccatin III taxol, cepalomanin, 7-epi-10-deasetil. Shen et al. (2003) reported, two new taxane diterpenoid, tasumatrol A and B, have been isolated from extract of the leaves and twigs of Taiwanese T. sumatrana. However, the potential of endophytic microbes especially endophytic bacteria from T. sumatrana for producing antifungal compounds is still limited. The aim of this studies were to identify antifungal compound against Candida albicans which produced by endophytes bacteria of T. sumatrana and characterize the selected isolates. The results of this study were expected to receive pharmacological compound which have high value and increase scientific information of antifungal compound from endophytic bacteria of T. sumatrana. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from the stems and leaves of T. sumatrana (Tomita 2003). Selection of isolates was done by paper disk diffusion and point inoculation method. Sixteen isolates were found at isolation of endophytic bacteria. Among 16 isolates, isolate Tx 4 showed antagonistic activity against C. albicans. The culture broth of Tx 4 isolate was centifuged and supernatant was extracted using n-hexane solvent three times. Extracts which have antifungal activity was analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography using n-hexane: ethyl acetate solvent. Extracts was fractionated by column chromatography using nhexane: ethyl acetate solvent as a gradient. Fractions were obtained, tested antagonistic to C. albicans. Fractions which have antifungal activity were analyzed by preparative TLC. Fractions which showing antifungal activity, were analyzed by Infra Red Spectrophotometry (IR) and Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The IR results were wavenumber 1740.64 cm-1 (carbonyl group), 2919.06 cm-1 (aromatic group), 1521.73 cm-1 (alkene group) and 1081,03 cm-1 (carboxyl group). Identification by GC-MS estimated that bioactive compounds contain of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester. Identification of Tx 4 isolate was done base on morphology and molecular. The results of morphology identification showed that Tx 4 isolate
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Judul: Identifikasi Cendawan Endofit Asal Tanaman Obat dan Penapisan Potensinya sebagai Antibakteri
Abstrak: Endophytic fungi are microorganisms living in plant tissue without causing any harm to its host. The fungi can be found in all plants including medicinal plants. Endophytic fungi produced variety of bioactive compounds such as antibacterial substances. This research aimed to identify 3 isolates of endophytic fungi JBa8, JMa3, and SLbt3 which were isolated from medicinal plants and to screen their potency as source of antibacterial compounds. Identification of endophytic fungi was performed based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcode using ITS region. Antibacterial test was conducted against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) K1-1, and microflora E. coli by antagonism technique and agar diffusion method using mycelia extract with methanol solvent. The inhibition activity of fungal extract on bacterial tested was observed on the day 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th after incubation by measuring clear zone around the colonies. The 3 isolates were tentatively identified as Fusarium solani for JBa8, Fusarium sp. for JMa3, and Colletotrichum sp. for SLbt3. Antibacterial activities were observed in F. solani and Fusarium sp. which were isolated from jati belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia) and jahe merah (Zingiber officinale), respectively. F. solani inhibited the growth of EPEC K1-1, whereas Fusarium sp. suppressed P. aeruginosa with clear zone produced was 12 mm. Fusarium sp. had antibacterial activity similar with that of 8 μg/mL cefotaxime positive control. The F. solani antibacterial activity, however, was lower than the two positive control concentrations used. Colletotrichum sp. isolated from sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) did not have any antibacterial to all bacteria tested.
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Judul: Feeder kelinci ternak otomatis menggunkan prinsip aktuator solenoid
Abstrak: Feeder kelinci ternak otomatis merupakan prototipe yang diciptakan dengan pengaturan distribusi pakan berbentuk pellet pada konveyor sekrup termodifikasi dengan tambahan pintu akses teraktivasi oleh aktuator solenoid. Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno R3 pada prototipe ini digunakan untuk proses perhitungan jarak pintu akses, waktu tempuh pakan, dan kecepatan distribusi pakan. Prototipe ini bermanfaat untuk para pembudidaya/peternak kelinci sebagai inovasi teknologi dalam kegiatan pemeliharaan kelinci secara moderen. Pakan kelinci diatur melalui rotasi motor stepper pada penakar pakan sehingga dapat mengukur porsi pakan secara akurat. Penggunaan motor DC dilengkapi gearbox bertujuan mengendalikan konveyor sekrup agar berputar dengan konstan sehingga menghasilkan gaya dorong pada pakan yang akan didistribusikan. Hasil perhitungan kecepatan distribusi pakan menentukan waktu aktivasi aktuator solenoid yang akan membuka pintu akses pakan untuk keluar dari konveyor sekrup.
Keyword: Aktuator solenoid, feeder, penakar pakan, konveyor sekrup