Judul: Struktur dan strategi nafkah rumahtangga pedagang sayur di Pasar Mawar Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Strategi nafkah merupakan usaha yang dilakukan manusia untuk mempertahankan eksistensi kehidupannya. Sementara itu, penelitian ini memfokuskan kajian pada strategi nafkah dan pemanfaatan modal nafkah salah satu pekerja sektor informal yaitu pedagang sayur di Pasar Mawar Kota Bogor. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena hilangnya kesempatan kerja di sektor pertanian sebagai akibat menyempitnya luas lahan pertanian dan efisiensi pertanian karena desakan kebutuhan. Akibatnya terjadilah proses migrasi desa-kota yang berujung pada masuknya para migran ke sektor informal di perkotaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian survei menggunakan kuesioner dan data kualitatif menggunakan wawancara mendalam, pengolahan data sekunder dan observasi lapang sebagai penunjang data-data kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini nantinya akan menunjukan karakteristik rumahtangga pedagang sayur, struktur nafkah pedagang sayur, strategi nafkah yang dilakukan oleh pedagang sayur di sektor informal, pengaruh pemanfaatan modal nafkah terhadap tingkat pendapatan, dan alasan pedagang sayur bertahan dalam menjalani usahanya di area publik.
Keyword: informal sector, livelihoods strategies, livelihood assets

Judul: Struktur dan Strategi Nafkah Pedagang Makanan di Sektor Informal Daerah Suburban Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Livelihood strategies are done by humans to maintain the sustainability of life. Meanwhile, this research is focused on livelihood strategies of food seller in informal sector. The study is conducted because industrialization and development. Affect of this industrialization and development are urbanizing process, so that is make profession conversion of domination farmer become food stall at informal sector. The method used in this study is survey research using questionnaires and qualitative approach using a slip, case studies and observations to support quantitative data. The results of this study is about characteristics of informal sector workers especially in food vendors, the structure of household income, livelihood strategies, the reason to trade in public areas and management saving capacity of informal sector workers.
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Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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