Judul: Rancang Bangun Mesin Pemecah Kulit Buah dan Pemisah Biji Kakao
Abstrak: Langkah awal yang mempengaruhi kualitas dan biaya dalam pengolahan buah kakao yaitu pemecahan buah dan pemisahan biji. Penanganan pascapanen kakao masih menggunakan cara tradisional, seperti menggunakan parang. Altenatif lain yang dilakukan yaitu penggunaan mesin pemecah kulit buah dan pemisah biji kakao. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan rancang bangun dan pengujian kinerja mesin pemecah kulit buah kakao dengan modifikasi sistem pemecahan menggunakan pisau rotary dan pemisahan biji menggunakan ayakan. Rancangan mesin memiliki komponen fungsional yakni rangka dari besi siku 3 x 3 cm, bagian yang bersentuhan dengan bahan yaitu hopper, pisau rotary, rumah pemecahan, ayakan, dan hopper pengutipan biji dibuat dari besi stainless (1 mm). Mesin digerakkan oleh motor listrik 1 hp dengan 2200 rpm. Penyaluran tenaga menggunakan sabuk dan puli, gearbox, serta lengan. Kapasitas kerja pemecahan yaitu 277 kg/jam dan kapasitas kerja pemisahan yaitu 266 kg/jam dengan waktu rata-rata keseluruhan proses yaitu 110 detik (8 kg sampel). Hasil yaitu 1.2 kg/jam biji per proses dengan persentase 15%. Lainnya yaitu 65 % kulit dan plasenta, 19 % massa yang biji tidak terlepas, dan 1 % massa yang terlempar atau hilang. Efisiensi kapasitas kerja yaitu 89.6 %. Efisiensi kualitas yaitu 60 % dan kehilangan 7.6 %.
Keyword: ayakan, kakao, pemecah buah, pemisah biji, pisau rotary

Judul: Modifikasi Desain dan Uji Kinerja Sistem Kontrol Input Mesin Pengupas Kulit Biji Kakao Tipe Piringan Tunggal
Abstrak: Cocoa nutshell peeling procces can use desheller single disc type. The purpose of this study is to modify the input control system of the disc type crusher in order to increasing the work capacity of the machine and maintaning the quality of cocoa nutshell. Auger was used as a metering device to control the amount of cocoa beans that peeled by machine. Auger has 2 cm of inside diameter and 3.5 cm of outside diameter, with 2 types of pitch distance. Design 1 and 2 have a pitch distance of 1.5 and 2 cm, respectively. Performance test was conducted by using 3 kinds of rpm. As the result, the efficiency of the auger type 1 and 2 at 600 rpm; 750 rpm; 900 rpm were; 98.50%; 96.85%; 94.12%, and 96.36%; 90.55%; 89.30%, respectively. The percentages of cocoa beans before modification that didn’t peeled at 600 rpm; 750 rpm; 900 rpm, were 2.16%; 1.98%; 1.95%, and for imperfect peeled at 600 rpm; 750 rpm; 900 rpm were 1.67%; 1.33%; 1.175, and by using auger 1 and 2 the seeds that didn’t peeled, were respectively: 3.44%; 2.43%; 2.32 and 4.48%; 2.85%; 2.47%, and for the seeds that imperfect peeled from auger 1 and 2 were respectively: 2.15%, 1.75%, 1.50% and 2.58%, 1.81%, 1.61%, the yield from auger 1 and 2 were respectively: 83.77%, 82.83%, 82.23% and 83.17%, 82.53%, 82.50%.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), peeling, cocoa, desheller, bean, auger

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity