Judul: Deteksi Molekular Babesia spp. Dengan Menggunakan PCR pada Anjing dari Bogor Dan Jakarta
Abstrak: Canine babesiosisis a disease caused by infection of Babesia spp. blood parasite. Information regarding detection of Babesia spp. parasites on dogs are still limited and molecular approach using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an uncommon method used in Indonesia. Due to that, the aim of this study was to detect Babesia spp. blood parasite on dogs from Bogor and Jakarta by molecular approach using PCR. A total of 56 dog blood samples were collected from Bogor and Jakarta. In this study, morphological presence of blood parasites was examined using blood smear method with 10% Giemsa staining. Next, presence of parasite DNA was detected using PCR with 18S rRNA target gene gene. In addition, hematology profile was conducted in this study. The results show that two samples (12.5%) of mixed breed dogs from Bogor was detected positive for Babesia spp. through blood smear and PCR method. Based on the results of the hematology profile, a decrease in red blood cells indicates blood parasite infection and an increase in white blood cells indicates an immune response towards blood parasite infection. This study provides information regarding blood parasite infection of Babesia spp., hence prevention and control programs of this parasite are very important to be conducted. Furthermore, detection of Babesia spp. blood parasite using PCR method can be used as a reference in diagnosis.
Keyword: Babesia spp, Bogor,, Dog, Jakarta, PCR

Judul: Identification of Babesia sp. in Cats from RSHP using Molecular Approach (PCR)
Abstrak: Cats in Southeast Asia are a significant host for various diseases, including vector-borne infections. These infections can spread to other cats and cause serious illnesses. In Indonesia, these infections are diagnosed using hematology tests and blood smear analysis. Recent molecular research has led to the development of highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic assays, which are more sensitive than cytology for infection diagnosis. This research aims to identify Babesia sp. in cats from Rumah Sakit Hewan Pendidikan (RSHP) and its occurrence using PCR, potentially aiding in precise diagnosis and effective treatment plans in small animal practice in Indonesia. A total of 31 blood samples were collected from cats presented to RSHP, IPB University. Blood smear microscopy was conducted to evaluate the morphology of blood parasites. Babesia spp. DNA was detected via amplification of 18S rRNA genes by single PCR. The results of blood smear analysis showed 6.45% positive rate for Babesiosis while PCR analysis revealed 24.81% positive rate. The results demonstrate that PCR exhibits greater sensitivity and specificity compared to blood smear analysis. This study provides molecular evidence of Babesia spp. infection in cats in Bogor and a foundation for developing effective preventative strategies., Kucing merupakan hewan yang dapat terinfeksi oleh parasit darah yang ditularkan melalui vektor. Metode diagnosa terhadap parasit darah pada hewan kesayangan umumnya menggunakan tes hematologi dan analisis apusan darah. Penelitian molekuler baru-baru ini telah menyebabkan pengembangan tes diagnostik Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) yang sangat sensitif, yang lebih sensitif daripada cytologi untuk diagnosis infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi Babesia sp. pada kucing dari Rumah Sakit Hewan Pendidikan (RSHP) dengan menggunakan apusan darah dan PCR. Sebanyak 31 sampel darah kucing dikoleksi dari RSHP, IPB University. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode apusan darah dengan mengevaluasi morfologi parasit darah dan juga metode PCR untuk mendeteksi DNA parasit darah Babesia spp.. Hasil analisis apusan darah menunjukkan 6,45% tingkat positif untuk Babesiosis sementara analisis PCR menunjukkan 24,81% tingkat positif. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa PCR memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang lebih besar dibandingkan analisis apusan darah. Penelitian ini memberikan bukti molekuler tentang infeksi Babesia spp. pada kucing di Bogor dan menjadi dasar untuk mengembangkan strategi pencegahan yang efektif.
Keyword: PCR, Babesia, Bogor, blood parasite, cat

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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