Judul: Use of border crops and Coccinellid predators to control the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), a vector of Begomovirus on chillipepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Abstrak: Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an important pest on chillipepper due to its role as a vector of Begomovirus, the causal agent of yellow leaf curl disease. Many efforts has been undergone to suppress disease incidence, such as through controlling insect vector, B. tabaci. The objective of the research were to study the effect of border crops in chillipepper plantation on population of B. tabaci and incidence of yellow leaf curl disease as well as abundance and effectiveness of predator species. Field experiment was conducted using randomized completed design. Two seedling treatments (with and without cover), were combined with 4 border treatments i.e. maize, crotalaria (Fabaceae), chiffon fabric and non border. The potency of predator species was evaluated by conducting 3 consequtive assays, i.e. predation, prey preference and functional response assay. The results showed that the use of covered seedling was able to protect the seedling from B. tabaci and delay virus infection for 2 weeks. Population of B. tabaci was significantly lower in plot with combination of border crops and covered seedling. Correlation between population of B. tabaci and disease incidence was positif (r = 0.925), where as correlation between disease incidence and yield crop was negative (r = - 0.8886). Border crops especially maize could enhance the abundance of predator species with the most predators commonly found species were Menochilus sexmaculatus, Coccinella transversalis and Verania lineata. The predator species which have highest potency as natural enemy to control B. tabaci are V. lineata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
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Judul: Genetik ketahanan cabai terhadap begomovirus penyebab penyakit daun keriting kuning dan arah pemuliaannya, Genetics of resistance on chili pepper to yellow leaf curl begomovirus and strategy breeding
Abstrak: Begomovirus has been reported as the major pathogen for various important crops, including chilli pepper. Disease severity and yield loss caused by Begomovirus infection are affected by several factors, among others are plant varieties, viral strains and time of infection. The use of resistance varieties is considered as the most effective way to control the disease. Research activities were conducted to study the genetics of resistance of chilli pepper varieties to Pepper yellow leaf curl Begomovirus, in order to develop resistance chilli pepper varieties. Preliminary experiment was conducted to determine the transmission method using insect vector, Bemisia tabaci followed by determination of plant stage for inoculation of Begomovirus. Individual inoculation using 10 insects per plant with 24 h acquisition period and 48 h inoculation period on cotyledon stage was considered as the most effective and efficient way for Begomovirus transmission. Type of symptoms develop from Begomovirus infection can be differentiated into 5 groups, i.e (1) yellowing (2) yellowing and leaf curling (3) yellowing, leaf cupping with leaf curling, upward or downward, (4) yellowing, leaf cupping with leaf curling, upward and downward (5) yellowing, leaf curling, stunting. Twenty seven genotypes of chilli pepper were evaluated for their resistance based on score/type at symptoms and disease intensity. Disease intensity was ranged from 2.40% to 100% and they were group grouped into resistance (1 genotipe), moderate resistance (4 genotipes), moderate susceptible (4 genotipes), susceptible (8 genotipes) and highly susceptible (10 genotipes). Further analysis showed that resistance genotype (IPBC12) has more trichome than susceptible genotype (35C2) does salicylic acid contain was not significantly different between two genotypes, although Begomovirus infection could increase salicylic acid contain in resistance genotype. Genetic studies for resistance of chilli pepper to Yellow leaf curl Begomovirus was conducted using two methods, i.e. (1) analysis ofbasic population using six-population analysis and (2) analysis of random mating using diallel analysis. The result indicated that pepper resistance to Begomovirus was controlled by polygenes and there was extrachromosomal effect. The degree of dominance were over dominant. Gene action for resistance were additive, dominant and additive x additive interaction. However one population (IPBClO x IPBC14) showed additive gene action, dominant, additive x additive and dominant x dominant interaction. Estimation of broad-sense heritability were high but narrow-sense heritability were low to high. IPBC12 dan IPBC10 have the best combining ability for resistance to Begomovirus whereas IPBC14 have the highest yield. There are four crossing, i.e. IPBC10xIPBC12, IPBC12xIPBC14, IPBC14xIPBC18, dan IPBC18xIPBC26, that good combining ability and heterosis for resistance to Begomovirus and yield. Resistance verieties to Begomovirus could be established through hybrid cultivars to benefit the effect of dominance gene action. However, it could also be developed through open pollination using bulk or pedigree method.
Keyword: resistance, susceptible, combining ability, chilli pepper, Begomovirus

Judul: Perumusan Strategi Bisnis Pt.Karana Line
Abstrak: PT. Karana Line adalah sebuah perusahaan pelayaran yang memberikan layanan jasa transportasi laut. Perusahaan ini didirikan pada tanggal 25 April 1967 di Jakarta. Pada bulan Mei 1999 jumlah tenaga kerja mencapai 329 orang. PT.Karana Line merupakan salah satu anggota Indonesian National Shipowner Association (INSA) dan Indonesian National Line (INL) yang cukup dikenal di Indonesia. Pada tanggal 21 November 1988 pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan yang dikenal dengan Paket Kebijaksanaan November (PAKNOV) 21/1988 dimana dengan adanya kebijakan ini banyak bermunculan perusahaan pelayaran yang tidak memiliki kapal sendiri. Padahal kepemilikan kapal merupakan salah satu persyaratan pendirian perusahaan pelayaran yang cukup berat sebelum adanya PAKNOV 21/1988. Meskipun perusahaan- perusahaan pelayaran tersebut tidak memiliki kapal sendiri, namun dapat mengoperasikan dan mengageni kapal nasional maupun asing, sehingga terjadi persaingan ketat dalam bidang angkutan laut di Indonesia. Krisis ekonomi dan politik yang melanda Indonesia menjelang era pasar bebas telah mendorong PT Karana Line untuk menerapkan strategi yang sesuai dengan kondisi internal maupun eksternal perusahaan. Untuk itu perlu ditelaah 1). Faktor faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi perkembangan - usaha PT.Karana Line, 2). Strategi apa yang akan digunakan untuk keberhasilan pengembangan usaha PT. Karana Line, 3). Program apa yang perlu dilakukan untuk mewujudkan strategi dalam mengembangkan usaha PT.Karana line, 4). Sistem pelayanan mana yang perlu dioptimalkan, sehingga memberikan keuntungan maksimal....dst
Keyword: strategi bisnis