Judul: Dynamic New Keynesian Model for Unemployment and Inflation Rate.
Abstrak: This paper deals with a scientific analysis of the equilibrium level of hiring, employment and unemployment. The basic model being used is a standard new Keynesian model, which states that utility function depends on consumptions and working hours. Utility maximization refers to a standard labour supply equation, with the marginal cost’s dynamics on new Keynesian model simply reflects movements in real wages and productivity. Furthermore, trade-off between output and inflation stabilization can be considered using the new Keynesian Phillips curve. Dynamic general equilibrium model is a model that can be used to study interactions between market imperfections and nominal rigidities, which is capable of overcoming the main shortcoming of the standard new Keynesian model. In the general equilibrium model there are three groups of the economy agents, namely households, firms and monetary authority. The results of this research science that bargaining processes between firms and workers will yield optimal wage. Increase in labour will cause wages to fall, but the unemployment rate can be reduced. An increase in the firm’s monopoly power will shift the labour demand curve downward, which will reduce the number of workers that firm is willing to hire for any given bargained wage.
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Judul: Dynamic model of Economic Growth with Variable Time Diskret Fiscal and Monetary Policy.
Abstrak: This paper is a scientific analysis on how fiscal and monetary policies affect economic growth (related to the amount of money and consumption). Model is essentially a budget constraint the household sector for the period of time. Budget constraints that made equality of conditions that describes the ability of households and the government to pay for the expenses / pay off debts. Objective function that optimized is a function which is the utility function of consumption and real money. Then conducted a qualitative analysis on the optimal trajectory for the influence of nominal interest rates and inflation on the dynamics of consumption and real money demand (the case of Bernoulli type utility function). Finally, I analyze the influence of several fiscal and monetary decisions on the optimal trajectory. The results form an objective function that is affected by the level of inflation. Keywords: Economic Growth, Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy, Maximum Principles.
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Judul: Eksplorasi araceae di rawa danau, Serang, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Praktek lapang ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari tahap-tahap yang mesti dilakukan dalam melakukan eksplorasi tanaman. Pada praktek lapang ini dilakukan eksplorasi Araceae (talas-talasan) di Rawa Danau, Serang, Jawa Barat. Tujuan dari eksplorasi ini adalah mengumpulkan tumbuhan dari famili Araceae yang ada di Rawa Danau untuk dikoleksi sebagai tumbuhan hidup, herbarium kering, ataupun herbarium basah. Eksplorasi dilakukan bersama tujuh orang Staf Peneliti dari Herbarium Bogoriense Puslitbang Biologi Bogor, dari tanggal 28 Juli 1988 sampai dengan 31 Juli 1988. Tahap-tahap yang mesti dilakukan agar eksplorasi dapat berjalan dengan lancar adalah penentuan tujuan eksplorasi, setelah itu dilakukan persiapan eksplorasi. Persiapan eksplorasi meliputi penyiapan tim eksplorasi, pencaharian informasi pendahuluan tentang segala hal yang berhubungan dengan eksplorasi tersebut, dan usaha memperoleh ijin eksplorasi dari Direktorat Perlindungan Hutan dan Pelestarian Alam, Bogor. Pelaksanaan eksplorasi di lapang dibagi menjadi dua fase yaitu fase pendahuluan dan fase aktif. Dari eksplorasi ini berhasil dicatat dan dikumpulkan 19 jenis Araceae, yang terdiri dari 14 jenis Araceae tegak dan 5 jenis Araceae merambat. Jenis-jenis Araceae tegak yang didapatkan adalah Alocasia crassifolia, Alocasia macrorrhiza, Caladium bicolor, Caladium sp, Colocasia esculenta, Colocasia gigantea, Cyrtosperma bantamensis, Amorphophallus sp, Dieffenbachia sequine, Homalomena aromaticum, Schismatoglottis caliptrata, Schismatoglottis walichii, Xanthosoma sagitofolia, Xanthosoma violaceum. Sedangkan jenis-jenis Araceae merambat adalah: Philoden- dron sp, Pothos sp, Raphidophora pertusa, Raphidophora sp, dan Scindapsus hederaceus. ...
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