Judul: Surface temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate of friesian holstein crossbred under different microclimate
Abstrak: Sapi perah Peranakan Friesian Holstein merupakan hewan yang peka terhadap perubahan kondisi mikroklimat. Inovasi teknologi sebagai alat bantu diagnosa yang efisien dan akurat seperti kamera termal inframerah sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan nilai suhu permukaan terhadap kondisi pagi dan siang hari di Kebon Pedes, Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan pada 3 ekor sapi perah betina selama 5 hari dengan melakukan pemetaan citra kamera termal pada permukaan tubuh. Suhu permukaan dan suhu bagian kandang diukur menggunakan Flir One Pro Thermal Cam, suhu rektal diukur menggunakan termometer, frekuensi pernafasan dengan Go Direct® Respiration Belt Vernier, frekuensi denyut jantung dengan stetoskop, dan keadaan mikroklimat diukur menggunakan Xiaomi Mijia Thermo-Hygrometer 2. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan Uji T untuk membandingkan nilai hearth rate dan respiration rate pada pagi dan siang hari. Selain itu, uji two-way dan one-way ANOVA untuk membandingkan nilai suhu permukaan regio pada pagi dan siang serta membandingkan nilai suhu permukaan antar regio. Perbedaan waktu pengambilan data pada pagi dan siang hari menghasilkan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada data fisiologis, suhu permukaan, dan mikroklimat. Analisis statistik menunjukkan suhu permukaan mata dan 4 kuartir ambing tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan (P>0,05) dengan suhu rektal. Suhu permukaan ideal untuk memperkirakan suhu inti rektal adalah regio mata., The Friesian Holstein crossbred are highly sensitive to changes in microclimatic conditions. Technological innovations such as infrared thermal cameras are essential as efficient and accurate diagnostic tools. This research aimed to determine the changes in surface temperature values under morning and afternoon conditions in Kebon Pedes, Bogor. The study was conducted on three female dairy cows for five days by mapping thermal camera images on their body surfaces. Surface temperature and temperature inside the barn were measured using the Flir One Pro Thermal Cam, rectal temperature was measured using a thermometer, respiration rate was measured using the Go Direct® Respiration Belt Vernier, heart rate was measured using a stethoscope, and microclimatic conditions were measured using the Xiaomi Mijia Thermo-Hygrometer 2. Data analysis was performed using the T-test to compare heart rate and respiration rate between morning and afternoon. Additionally, two-way and one-way ANOVA were used to compare surface temperature values between morning and afternoon, as well as to compare surface temperature values among different regions. The time difference in data collection between morning and afternoon resulted in significant differences (P<0.05) in physiological data, surface temperature, and microclimate. Statistical analysis showed that the surface temperature of the eyes and the four quarters of the udder did not exhibit significant differences (P>0.05) compared to rectal temperature. The ideal surface temperature for estimating the rectal core temperature was found in the eye region.
Keyword: dairy, microclimate, surface temperature, thermal camera

Judul: Physiological Responses of Ongole-Cross Breed Dairy Cows to Changes in Stable Microclimate
Abstrak: Produktivitas peternakan dipengaruhi oleh sejumlah faktor, termasuk kualitas genetik hewan dan faktor-faktor lingkungan di lokasi tempat ternak dipelihara. Ternak sapi perah yang tidak tahan terhadap cekaman panas mengakibatkan penurunan konsumsi pakan yang akhirnya berdampak pada rendahnya tingkat produktivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat perubahan mikroklimat kandang, respons fisiologis, aktivitas kadar superoksida dismutase (SOD), serta mencari regio alternatif selain regio rektal dalam pengukuran suhu. Penelitian ini mengukur mikroklimat kandang berupa suhu, kelembapan kandang, dan temperature humidity index menggunakan thermohygrometer, frekuensi denyut jantung menggunakan stetoskop, suhu rektal menggunakan termometer, dan suhu permukaan menggunakan kamera termal inframerah. Jumlah sapi yang digunakan sebanyak 6 ekor sapi perah betina Peranakan Ongole dan dilakukan pada 2 waktu yaitu pagi dan siang selama 5 hari saat cuaca panas. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan perubahan dengan hasil yang signifikan (p, Livestock productivity is influenced by a number of factors, including the genetic quality of the animals and environmental factors in the location where the animals are kept. Dairy cattle that are not resistant to heat stress result in decreased feed consumption, which in turn leads to lower productivity levels. The aim of this study was to assess changes in housing microclimate, physiological responses, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and to find alternative regions to the rectal region for temperature measurement. This study measured cage microclimate in the form of temperature, cage humidity, and temperature humidity index using a thermohygrometer, heart rate frequency using a stethoscope, rectal temperature using a thermometer, and surface temperature using an infrared thermal camera. The number of cows used was 6 female Peranakan Ongole dairy cows and was carried out at 2 times, namely morning and afternoon for 5 days during hot weather. The results of the study showed changes with significant results (p<0.05) in the data of cage microclimate and physiological responses, but not in superoxide dismutase activity (p>0.05). Alternative regions with values close to rectal temperature are found in the vulva, costalis, udder, and occularis regions, but the most ideal region in measuring temperature using a thermal camera is the occularis region.
Keyword: sapi perah, suhu permukaan, kamera termal, superoksida dismutase

Judul: Pelabelan Super Vertex Magic
Abstrak: Super vertex magic labeling is labeling on graph with is a set of edges mapped into and is a set of vertices mapped into . It has a vertex magic labeling in which and represents the size and order of the graph respectively. This manuscript proves that paths, cyclics, and disjoint union of cyclics have a super vertex magic labeling. There are four theorems to be discussed. The first theorem proves that path is super vertex magic if and only if is odd and . The second theorem proves that cyclic is super vertex magic if and only if is odd. The third theorem proves that bijection function from an edge set onto of graph can be extended to a super vertex magic labeling if and only if the set amount of edge label that incidents with a vertex in the graph, consists of sequential integers as many as vertices in the graph. The fourth theorem proves that disjoint union of the cyclics consists of cyclics with each cyclic has vertices is super vertex magic if and only if and are odd.
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