Judul: Histopathological Lesions of Broiler Chicken Pancreas Organs up to 48 Hours After Death
Abstrak: Kematian merupakan proses biologis yang ditandai dengan alat vital tubuh yang berhenti bekerja. Waktu kematian dapat diketahui dengan melakukan proses forensik. Forensik Veteriner bertujuan untuk menemukan cedera, penyakit atau kelainan, dan untuk menafsirkan temuan-temuan pada sampel organ yang diamati. Ayam broiler merupakan salah satu ayam yang berasal dari turunan ayam hutan (spesies Gallus) yang didomestikasi dalam waktu yang lama. Ayam broiler dapat dijadikan sebagai hewan model pembusukan bagi unggas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mempelajari gambaran histopatologi organ pankreas 48 jam setelah kematian pada ayam broiler. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan melakukan euthanasia ayam broiler sebanyak 75 ekor, kemudian ayam dikelompokkan dalam 25 kelompok dan diamati perubahannya setiap 2 jam sekali selama 48 jam setelah kematian. Pengamatan dilakukan menggunakan image j untuk kuantifikasi gambar menjadi data. Data yang dihasilkan diuji menggunakan uji korelasi Pearsons. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu jarak antar lobular asinar semakin meluas, kerapatan sel asinar yang menurun, kerusakan jaringan dan terdapat bakteri. Pengamatan mikroskopis secara keseluruhan memberikan informasi bahwa terdapat perubahan yang menciri dan bertahap dari pankreas sampai 48 jam setelah kematian dan perubahan ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam menentukan waktu kematian ayam untuk keperluan forensik veteriner dan juga untuk penentuan status kesegaran karkas dalam higiene daging., Death is a biological process marked by the body's vital organs stop working. The time of death can be determined by conducting a forensic process. Veterinary Forensics aims to find injuries, diseases or abnormalities, and to interpret the findings on the organ samples being studied. Broiler chickens can be used as animal models of decay for poultry. The purpose of this study is to examine the histopathological lesions of the pancreas 48 hours after death in broiler chickens. A total of 75 broiler chickens were euthanized and were grouped into 25 groups. Observation for pathological changes was performed every 2 hours for 48 hours after death. A software of Image J was used for quantification of pathological images into quantitative data and followed by a statistical analysis using a Pearsons correlation test. The histopathological lesions obtained were the distance between the lobular acinar was expanded, the acinar cell density was decreased, tissue damaged and the presence of bacteria. Based on all mentioned above, there was gradual histopathological lesions in pancreas up to 48 hours and we suggested that these results can be used for estimating the time of death for veterinary forensic purposes as well as for meat freshness and hygiene status.
Keyword: broiler chicken, decomposition, histopathology, pancreas, veterinary forensic

Judul: Histopathological Changes of Broiler Liver (Gallus  domesticus) 48 Hours After Death
Abstrak: Di Indonesia, forensik veteriner belum mendapat perhatian yang memadai, sehingga perlu ditingkatkan pengembangannya. Penelitian forensik veteriner ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran histopatologi hati ayam broiler sampai 48 jam setelah kematian (post mortem). Sebanyak 75 ekor ayam broiler berumur tujuh hari dieutanasia dengan cara dislokasi cervical, kemudian dibagi menjadi 25 kelompok yang tiap kelompok terdiri atas 3 ekor. Setiap dua jam kadaver ayam dinekropsi, organ hati dikoleksi untuk dibuat sediaan histopatologi dan diwarnai Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE). Histopatologi jaringan hati dianalisis menggunakan software ImageJ dan hasilnya diuji dengan uji Pearsons. Pembusukan dimulai pada jam ke-18 berupa penurunan jumlah inti sel hepatosit, jam ke-22 terjadi peningkatan jarak hepatosit dan jam ke-20 ditemui keberadaan bakteri pembusuk. Jumlah inti sel hepatosit, jarak antar sel, dan keberadaan bakteri pembusuk mempunyai hubungan kuat hingga sangat kuat dengan waktu, sehingga dapat dijadikan penentu waktu kematian (PMI). Warna sitoplasma hepatosit memiliki hubungan yang lemah dengan waktu sehingga tidak dapat digunakan sebagai penentu PMI. Peubah jumlah inti hepatosit, jarak antar hepatosit, dan keberadaan bakteri dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber acuan dalam forensik veteriner., In Indonesia, veterinary forensics has not received adequate attention, so its development needs to be improved. This veterinary forensic study aims to provide histopathological changes of the liver of broiler chickens up to 48 hours after death. A total of 75 broilers aged seven days were euthanized by cervical dislocation, then divided into 25 groups, each group consisting of 3 birds. Every two hours broiler cadaver necropsied, the liver was collected for histopathological preparation and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). Histopathological changes in liver tissue were analyzed using ImageJ software, and the results were analyzed using the Pearsons' method. Putrefaction begins at the 18th hour with a decrease in the number of hepatocyte cell nuclei, at the 22nd hour is an increase in distance of hepatocyte, and at the 20th hour is the presence of putrefactive bacteria. The number of hepatocyte cell nuclei, the distance between hepatocytes, and the presence of bacteria have a strong and too strong relationship with time that they can use as determinants of post mortem interval (PMI). The color of the hepatocyte cytoplasm has a weak relationship with time, so it cannot use as a determinant of the post mortem interval. The number of hepatocyte nuclei, the distance between hepatocytes, and the presence of bacteria can use as a reference source in veterinary forensics.
Keyword: autolysis, broiler chickens, histopathology, liver, post mortem

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4