Judul: The Impact of Electronic Money on Financial Inclusion in Indonesia: Implication for Central Bank Digital Currency
Abstrak: Tren digitalisasi transaksi pembayaran dalam satu dekade terakhir telah merevolusi perilaku pelaku ekonomi. Perilaku konsumsi belanja masyarakat semakin beralih secara online bersamaan dengan kemudahan sistem pembayaran yang serba mobile, cepat, dan pada saat yang sama tetap aman. Hal ini meningkatkan penggunaan uang elektronik sebagai alat pembayaran di Indonesia. Dampak penggunaan uang elektronik memungkinkan meningkatkan inklusi keuangan karena kemudahan akses layanan keuangan digital dapat meningkatkan partisipasi kelompok masyarakat yang tidak dapat dijangkau oleh layanan keuangan tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak uang elektronik terhadap inklusi keuangan di Indonesia dan implikasinya pada Central Bank Digital Currency. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan regresi data panel dengan variabel dummy. Objek yang diteliti adalah provinsi-provinsi di Indonesia pada periode tahun 2017-2021. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel uang elektronik, Indeks Pembangunan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi, dummy Pulau Jawa, PDRB per kapita, dan Pengeluaran Pemerintah Daerah berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap inklusi keuangan. Sedangkan variabel dummy COVID-19 berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap inklusi keuangan., The trend of digitizing payment transactions over the last decade has revolutionized the behavior of economic actors. People's consumption behavior has been gradually shifting towards online shopping, along with the change in payment systems that are more mobile, fast, while at the same time maintain its security. This has increased the use of electronic money as a means of payment in Indonesia. The impact of the use of electronic money allows increasing financial inclusion because the ease of access to digital financial services can increase the participation of community groups that cannot be reached by traditional financial services. This study aims to analyze the impact of electronic money on financial inclusion in Indonesia and its implications for Central Bank Digital Currency. The methods used are descriptive analysis and panel data regression with dummy variables. The objects studied were provinces in Indonesia from the 2017–2021 period. The results of this study indicate that the variables of electronic money, Information and Communication Technology Development Index, Java Island dummy, GRDP per capita, and Local Government Expenditure have a significant positive effect on financial inclusion. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 dummy variable has a significant negative effect on financial inclusion.
Keyword: inklusi keuangan, regresi data panel, uang elektronik, variabel dummy

Judul: Factors Affecting the Implementation of Electronic Money in Indonesia: Implications for Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)
Abstrak: Disrupsi digital telah mengubah kehidupan masyarakat dengan munculnya adopsi uang elektronik atau e-money sebagai alternatif pembayaran yang populer di Indonesia. Kemajuan fintech dan dukungan pemerintah mendorong pertumbuhan fenomena ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh pada implementasi uang elektronik dan implikasinya pada pengembangan Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), perbedaan tingkat kontribusi antar aspek demografi, aksesibilitas, dan infrastruktur serta mengindentifikasi kebijakan pemerintah dalam mendorong adopsi uang elektronik di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi linear data panel untuk menguji pengaruh faktor-faktor seperti aspek demografi, aspek aksesibilitas, infrastruktur, dan dummy kawasan Indonesia terhadap implementasi uang elektronik. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan periode 2012-2021 yang diambil dari sumber resmi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aspek demografi, aspek aksesibilitas, infrastruktur berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap implementasi uang elektronik. Kepemilikan rekening bank dan penetrasi telepon seluler menjadi faktor terpenting dalam mendorong adopsi uang elektronik. Selanjutnya, pengaruh aspek demografi, aksesibilitas, dan infrastruktur terhadap penggunaan uang elektronik di daerah Kawasan Barat Indonesia (KBI) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan daerah Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI). Kebijakan pemerintah yang berfokus pada inklusi keuangan dan infrastruktur teknologi menjadi kunci dalam mendorong pertumbuhan e-money dan transformasi keuangan digital yang inklusif di Indonesia., Digital disruption has transformed society with the emergence of electronic money or e-money as a popular payment alternative in Indonesia. The advancements in fintech and government support have driven the growth of this phenomenon. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the implementation of electronic money and implications on the development of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), identify the varying contributions of demographic, accessibility, and infrastructure, and government policies in promoting the adoption of electronic money in Indonesia. The research employs quantitative methods with panel data regression analysis to test the influence of demographic, accessibility, infrastructure, and Indonesia region dummy on the implementation of electronic money. Secondary data from official sources spanning from 2012 to 2021 are used. The results indicate that demographic, accessibility, and infrastructure significantly and positively impact the implementation of electronic money. The ownership of bank accounts and mobile phone penetration are crucial factors driving adoption. Furthermore, the impact of demographic, accessibility, and infrastructure on electronic money usage is greater in the Western Indonesia Region compared to Eastern Indonesia Region. Government policies focusing on financial inclusion and technological infrastructure play a key role in fostering the growth of e-money and inclusive digital finance transformation in Indonesia.
Keyword: Accessibility, CBDC, Demography, Electronic Money, Infrastructur

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
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