Judul: Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Ekspor Tanaman Biofarmaka Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesia as an agricultural country indicate that the agricultural sector has an important role in supporting the national economy . It can be seen from the the growing of Indonesian biopharmaca export to importing countries over the past seven years is tend to increase. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the export of Indonesian biopharmaca plants (ginger, turmeric, curcuma), to analyze the factors that affect the volume of exports Indonesian biopharmaca plants (ginger, turmeric, curcuma). The development of Indonesian exports of biopharmaca plants to importing countries during the years 2006-2012 are likely to increase. Overall the factors that influence the export of Indonesian biopharmaca plants is the export prices of Indonesian biopharmaca plants, economic distance, the exchange rate of Rupiah against U.S. dollar, and the export volume of the previous period. Overall the factors that affecting the export of Indonesian biopharmaca plants is export prices, economic distance the exchange rate of Rupiah against U.S. dollar and the export volume of the previous period
Keyword: the volume of exports, tumeric, ginger, curcuma

Judul: Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Volume Ekspor Jahe Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan salah satu produsen dan pengekspor jahe di pasar global. Permintaan jahe yang tinggi di pasar global selama periode 2013 sampai 2019 memberi peluang besar bagi Indonesia sebagai eksportir jahe. Namun, di periode yang sama ekspor jahe Indonesia justru menurun drastis. Penurunan volume ekspor jahe Indonesia dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi volume ekspor jahe Indonesia selama periode 2013 sampai 2019 dengan cakupan penelitian meliputi 6 negara tujuan ekspor jahe Indonesia; Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapura, Jepang, Amerika Serikat dan Belanda. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif melalui pendekatan inventory (coverage ratio) dan regresi data panel. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa nilai tukar dan populasi negara tujuan berpengaruh positif terhadap ekspor jahe, sedangkan GDP riil negara tujuan, harga ekspor jahe dan bentuk kebijakan non tarif Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT) berpengaruh negatif. Bentuk kebijakan non tarif Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) tidak berpengaruh terhadap ekspor jahe., Indonesia is one of the producers and exporters of ginger in the global market. High demand for ginger in the global market during the period 2013-2019 provides opportunities for Indonesia as a ginger exporter. However, at the same period Indonesian ginger exports have declined significantly. There are several factors that affect the decline of Indonesian ginger export volume. This research aims to analyze the factors that affect the volume of Indonesian ginger exports during the period 2013-2019 with the scope of the study covering 6 export destinations of Indonesian ginger; Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, Japan, the United States and the Netherlands. This study used a descriptive analysis method based on inventory approach (coverage ratio) and panel data regression. The result shows that the exchange rate and the population of the destination countries have a positive effect on ginger exports, while the real GDP of the destination countries, ginger export prices and the Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT) of non-tariff policies have a negative effect. The Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) of non-tariff policies have no effect on ginger exports.
Keyword: Coverage Ratio, Export, Ginger, Panel Data

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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