Judul: Dampak Konversi Lahan Sawah di Jawa dan Luar Jawa terhadap Ketersediaan dan Akses Pangan Nasional
Abstrak: To ensure sustainable food availability and accessibility in Indonesia, it is needed the policy that could reduce the persistent wetland conversion in Java that tends to incerase, since Java has been contribution of 60 percent of national rice. This study disaggregated into Jawa and outside Java. The purposes of this study are at: (1) analyzing the factors affecting wetland conversion in Java and outside Java, (2) analyzing the impacts of wetland conversion in Java and outside Java on national food availability and accessibility, (3) analyzing the impact of economic policies implementation in agricultural sector on national food availability and accessibility, as well as on changing of welfare indicators. The model specification was done that included dynamic simultaneous equations which consisted of 19 behavioral equations and 22 identities, model identification performed by using the order condition criteria, while model estimation conducted by employing 2-SLS method. The results of study indicated that wetland conversion has had been compensated by import. Therefore, decreased food availability and accessibility per capita were under-estimated. Price policy became ineffective if at the same time the government also ran import rice policy. The mix policies implementation through instruments: increased the real price of unhusked rice of by 15 percent, decreased the real price of Urea fertilizer of by 10 percent and decreased import quotas of by 37.5 percent were considered as the best policy when wetland conversion increased by 1 percent. This mix policy has positive impact both on producers (farmers) and government; except for consumer. Development of economic region that still focused in Java should be directed to the outside Java in order to reduce the persistent wetland conversion by implementing locally specific policies.
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Judul: Dampak Konversi Lahan Sawah dan Industrialisasi terhadap Transformasi Tenaga Kerja di Pulau Jawa
Abstrak: Java is the biggest rice supplier with the largest wetland compared to other islands in Indonesia. However as the most of non-agricultural activities occur in Java, Java suffered from largest wetland conversion. The aims of the reseach were analyzing the wetland conversion in Java spatially, comparing the wetland conversion rate and rice productivity, economic and population growth as well as viewing the influence of wetland conversion rate, industrialization and other factors to the rate of labor transformation from agricultural to industrial sector. Result of spatial analizing using Arc View showed largest wetland conversion from 1986 to 2010 occured in biggest cities and composing economic regions. From the linear trends of wetland availability and rice production, the rice production still increased annually although the availability of wetland decreased. In every region there is disparity of relative productivity between industry and agricultural sector. From 2000 to 2010, some disparities are convergent and some other are divergent due to fluctuation of share of GDP and amount of labor. The econometric result using Eviews 7 in estimating panel data from 2001 to 2010 to predict the effect of GDP and population showed that GDP and population significantly effect on wetland availability. In predicting some factor that influence the labor transformation, the multiple regression model showed only education index that significantly effect the labor transformation from agricultural to industry sector. Other factors such as rate of wetland conversion, disparity of relative productivity between agricultural and industry sector do not significantly cause the shift of labor from agricultural to industrial sector. Tipology of labor based industry presented the biggest addition to transformation rate compare to capital based and natural resources based industries.
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Judul: Penentuan tembaga secara spektrofotometri sinar tampak sebagai senyawa kompleks asosiasi-ion dengan biru metilena melalui ekstraksi pelarut
Abstrak: Analisis tembaga menggunakan metode spektrofotometri sinar tampak dapat dilakukan berdasarkan kemampuan ion tembaga membentuk senyawa kompleks berwarna dengan beberapa zat pengompleks. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan tembaga sebagai kompleks asosiasi-ion menggunakan ligan tiosulfat pada pembentukan ion kompleksnya. Pembentukan ion tiosulfato- kuprat(1-) dilakukan dengan mereaksikan tembaga (II) dengan tiosulfat. Kompleks yang terbentuk diekstraksi ke dalam diklorometana sebagai kompleks asosiasi-ion tiosulfatokuprat(1-) dengan biru metilena [MB,CuS2O3]. Kompleks asosiasi-ion [MB,CuS2O3] mempunyai panjang gelombang dengan serapan maksimum 644 nm. Kondisi optimum pengukuran yang dilakukan pada panjang gelombang tersebut adalah pH 3,24, konsentrasi tiosulfat 0,10 M, konsentrasi biru metilena 0,08 M, dan waktu ekstraksi 2 menit. Kompleks asosiasi-ion [MB,CuS2O3] stabil sampai hari ke-4. Metode penentuan tembaga ini mempunyai batas deteksi 4,973 × 105 M, sensitivitas metode 8,418 × 10° M, dan perolehan kembali sebesar 131,07%. Ion kalsium(II), magnesium(II), besi(II), dan aluminium(III) mengganggu proses pembentukan kompleks asosiasi-ion sedangkan ion zink(II) tidak mengganggu.
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