Judul: Antidiare enkapsulasi Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 pada tikus putih yang diinduksi minyak jarak
Abstrak: Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 is lactic acid bacteria has Mannose Specific Adhesion (MSA) that able to attach and form colonies in the intestine, so that could be expected to function as an antidiarrheal. Effects of bacteria L. plantarum Mar8 encapsulated against castor oil-induced diarrhea in Sprague-Dawley rats were observed for six hours. Animals were divided into six groups, each 5 rats: normal group (NaCl 0,85% pH 7), positive controls (castor oil 1,5 mL/rat + loperamid 5 mg/kgBW), negative controls (castor oil 1,5 mL/rat), PI group was induced with castor oil and then after one hour was given L. plantarum Mar8 encapsulated, PII was induced castor oil and in the same time was given L. plantarum Mar8, PIII was induced L. plantarum Mar8 and then after one hour was induced with castor oil. Frequency of diarrhea, faeces weight, and consistency of faeces observed for six hours. Three rats from each groups were taken to gastrointestinal motility test, and followed by the observation of histopathological of the stomach and small intestine. The remaining two rats for immune system activity test. The results showed that the frequency of diarrhea has decreased, the PI (80%), PIII (42,86%). Faeces weight was also decreased to PI (84,29%), and PIII (57,35%). While the frequency of diarrhea and faeces weight of PII showed increased. Gastrointestinal motility could reduced by the PI. Measurements percentage of immune system activity showed that PI (45%), PII (48,5%), PIII (45%) and positive control (42%). Observation of histopathological showed all groups got necrosis in villous mucosa and tunica muscularis, and infiltration of mononuclear cells and neutrophils, fibrinoid fluid and goblet cells. Thus, L. plantarum Mar8 encapsulated could treatment of diarrhea but could not effect of stomach and small intestine histophatology.
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Judul: Deteksi Secara Imunohistokimia Imunoglobulin A (IgA) pada Usus Halus Tikus yang Diberi Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) dan Enteropatogenik Escherichia coli (EPEC)
Abstrak: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum on the immunohistochemical profile of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and the intestinal mucosa thickness of Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) treated rats. A total of 90 male Sparague Dawley rats were used in this study. They were divided into 6 groups: (1) negative control treated group, (2) Lactobacillus plantarum treated group, (3) Lactobacillus fermentum treated group, (4) Lactobacillus plantarum and EPEC treated group, (5) Lactobacillus fermentum and EPEC treated group, and (6) EPEC treated (positive control) group. The results showed that both Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus plantarum treatment for 2 to 3 weeks increased the thickness of rat’s mucosal small intestine. In the EPEC treated rats, either Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus plantarum treatment for 2 weeks increased the thickness of rat’s mucosal small intestine. Lactobacillus fermentum treatment for 2 weeks increased the content of IgA in rat’s mucosal small intestine at both conditions; with and without EPEC treatment. Lactobacillus plantarum treatment for 2 weeks only increased the content of IgA in rat’s duodenum and jejunum, while in the EPEC treated rats, Lactobacillus plantarum treatment for 2 weeks could maintained the content of IgA in rat’s mucosal small intestine. Lactobacillus fermentum gave better effect than Lactobacillus plantarum on increasing the content of IgA in rat’s small intestine
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Judul: Penentuan Harga Opsi Put Amerika dengan Simulasi Monte Carlo
Abstrak: An American option is an option that can be exercised at the strike price anytime before or on the date of expiration. In this thesis, Monte Carlo simulation for valuation of American option is presented. Monte Carlo simulation is one of the numerical methods used to determine the price of American options. The simulation provides several examples of initial stock price , rate of interest , exercise time , volatility , and strike price K. The simulation study shows the cost of the option c decreases when S increases, c decreases when r increases, c increases when T increases, c increases when  increases, and c increases when K increases.
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