Judul: Seismic Activity and Climate Effects on Coral Growth of Porites on Simeulue
Abstrak: Seismic event in 2004 and 2005 caused damage in some areas of coral reefs in Simeulue. Seismic or earthquake has also caused land level changes that influence growth of coral. In addition seismic activity, climate or sea surface temperature changes also affects the growth of coral in Simeulue. Our research to investigate the effects of seismic activity and climate on the coral seasonal growth rate in Simeulue. Coral growth rate is determined by the process of photosynthesis, and influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, depth or light intensity. Coral growth is divided to skeletal extension and density this research. Observations was conducted from May 2010 until July 2011 on seasonal growth bands from four colonies of coral reefs in Simeulue. Data seasonal growth bands was obtained from year 2000 to 2009. Data were analyzed descriptively. The result shown significant effect in the land level changes on the growth of coral Porites. Luminance index shown coral density increased significantly after earthquake year 2004 and 2005. Skeletal extension decreased significantly on 2004 when Indian Ocean Dipole Mode phenomenon occurred, mainly on Ina Island.
Keyword: 

Judul: Modeling Spatial Dynamic of Coral Reef on the Small Island, Spermonde Archipelago (Case Study: Barrang Lompo Island, Makassar District Indonesia).
Abstrak: The coral reef in the Coral Triangle Asia has been directly threatened by human activities and natural threats. The coral reef destructions have also happened in Spermonde Archipelago especially Barrang Lompo Island (COREMAP II 2010). Barrang Lompo Island contributes highly to the society, the most livelihoods of which depends on its shallow water. Therefore, spatial dynamic mapping and spatial prediction model for future trend of coral reef are needed to create good spatial planning for coastal area using remote sensing data and M-CA Model. The objective of this research was to analyze dynamics of coral reef by using remote sensing data and also to predict the future trend of coral reef change. The research was conducted from November 2012 to December 2013 at the shallow water of Barrang Lompo Island. There are several data used in this study. Landsat TM / ETM+ of 1993, 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012 were processed using image classification for coral reef map. Probability maps were derived from multiplication maps of salinity, sea surface temperature (SST), Dissolve Oxygen (DO), pH, total suspended sediment (TSS), water clearness, bathymetry, and the constraint map used were land area and deep water in Barrang lompo with the assumption that the area will not change into coral reef for 10 years. This research has been conducted in several steps: a) ground truth, b) image processing, c) Markov chain analysis, d) Multi criteria evaluation (MCE) analysis, e) Cellular Automata (CA) analysis, f) validation and, g) coral reef change prediction. The main measurement data was derived from ground truth. Ground truth data from the field were used for image processing. They were applied on the required habitat types of the whole study area by using Global Position System (GPS). Image processing was used to classify coral reef at different times. The classified images were used as input for Markov chain analysis in order to get transition area matrix. MCE analysis was used to create a probabilities map using several parameters. The results of image processing, Markov chain analysis and MCE were used as inputs to perform the CA model. The final result of this model was the coral reef change prediction. The result of simulation from CA process was validated using the actual coral reef map obtained from Landsat image to evaluate the prediction result. If the result validation standard agreement is >75%, then it can be used to predict the future trend coral reef for the next 10 years. Based on the confusion matrix, the result classification in 2012 showed the overall accuracy was about 80.24%. The result of analysis dynamic that occurred during 1993 to 2012 showed live coral and seagrass area decreased approximately by 11.21 ha (12.45%) and 3.57 ha (8.02%) while dead coral increased up to 5.05 ha (86.18%), rubble increased 5.14 ha (68.72%), and sand increased 4.59 ha (35.23%). Live coral and seagrass areas decreased from 1993 to 2012, and the greatest decrease occurred from 2002 to 2007 covering the area of 4.51 ha and 1.47 ha, respectively. The second greatest decreases for coral and seagrass was 4.15 ha
Keyword: Coral Reef, Markov Cellular Automata, Remote Sensing, Spatial Dynamic

Judul: Desain Gerbang Logika Kuantum Fredkin Multi- Kontrol Berbasis Gerbang Toffoli Melalui Superposisi Gerbang Elementer
Abstrak: Gerbang Fredkin dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sel pembangun rangkaian fulladder untuk proses komputasi. Karena sifatnya yang reversibel, gerbang tersebut dapat dibuat dari sususan gerbang-gerbang elementer dengan basis gerbang Toffoli. Pada penelitian ini, penulis mencari desain dari gerbang Fredkin multi-kontrol berbasis gerbang Toffoli dengan mengkombinasikan tiga jenis gerbang elementer, yaitu CNOT, CV, dan CV†. Penelitian ini juga memperhitungkan jumlah gerbang elementer yang digunakan (quantum cost) dan jalur tambahan (ancillae input) dari desain-desain gerbang Fredkin yang dihasilkan. Dari hasil penelitian ditunjukkan bahwa gerbang Fredkin multi-kontrol dapat dibentuk oleh susunan tiga gerbang Toffoli multi-kontrol. Kemudian, gerbang-gerbang tersebut dapat direkonstruksi menjadi susunan gerbang-gerbang elementernya. Jumlah quantum cost dan ancillae input akan semakin besar seiring bertambahnya jumlah kontrol yang digunakan.
Keyword: Gerbang Fredkin multi-kontrol, gerbang Toffoli multi-kontrol, gerbang elementer