Judul: Produksi Biji Kakao Terfermentasi dan Faktor – Faktor yang Memengaruhinya (Kasus : Petani Binaan Nestle Cocoa Plan di Kecamatan Kalukku, Kabupaten
Abstrak: Indonesia is one of the world's largest cocoa producer. However, Indonesian cocoa beans have lower quality than cocoa beans from other country because Indonesia they are not fermented. The objectives of this research were to describe how the production of fermented cocoa beans supported by Nestle Cocoa Plan Program at Kalukku Sub District, Mamuju District, West Sulawesi, to compare farmer’s income by doing postharvest of cocoa beans with and without fermentation, and to identify the determinants that influence farmers decision to produce fermented cocoa beans. This research used binary logistic regression and postharvest income analysis to answer research objectives. The income over total cost of postharvest cocoa bean with fermentation is greater than without fermentation. The difference of postharvest income with and without applied fermentation was Rp 1 656.38 per kilograms. The factors that significantly influence decision of farmers to produce fermented cocoa beans is price difference, information access to fermentation technique, and the distance of farmer with BT Cocoa purchasing unit.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), postharvest income, binary logistic regression, fermentation, cocoa

Judul: Cocoa Production Efficiency of Small-scale Cocoa Farmers in Bali: Stochastic Frontier Approach
Abstrak: The total cocoa planting area has increased sharply in the last decade. However, it was not followed by the sharp increase in production. Small-scale cocoa farmers still have a relative low productivity and quality. Low quality of cocoa beans was mainly due to the non fermented process. As a result, the cocoa beans produced by small-scale farmers were bought at a cheap price. Tabanan District is a cocoa production center in Bali which is dominated by small-scale farmers who have low productivity. Farmers in this area had implemented the fermentation process of cocoa beans in order to increase their income, however, this technology had been left by farmers. The objectives of this study are: (1) to analyze the factors affecting the production of cocoa beans in Bali, and (2) to analyze the production efficiency of cocoa farmers in Bali and (3) to analyze cocoa farm income in Bali who implemented the fermentation technology. A questionnaire survey was conducted to 100 cocoa farmers whereas 60 farmers implemented fermentation technology and 40 farmers did not. Frontier 4.1. was employed in order to estimate the stochastic frontier production. The results showed that labor, pesticides and land area had the positive correlation in increasing cocoa production. In contrast, plant age had the negative correlation. Small-scale cocoa farmers were efficient in general. However, the farmers who implemented the fermentation technology seemed to be less efficient compared to farmers who did not implement the fermentation technology. In terms of farm income, due to higher price of fermented cocoa beans the farmers who implemented fermentation technology were able to earn higher income.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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