Judul: dentification of Non Molting Dwarf (nmd) on Mutant Silkworm (Bombyx mori) of Japan Strain a47 Through Positional Cloning Method.
Abstrak: Persilangan antar strain ulat sutera seringkali menimbulkan individu mutan gagal molting. Kejadian mutan non molting dwarf (nmd) mengakibatkan kematian pada sebagian populasi di usaha persuteraan alam. Mutan tersebut terjadi pada populasi larva instar pertama B. mori. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi ekspresi gen dan lokasi pasangan basanya yang bertanggung jawab terhadap pembentukan mutan nmd pada larva B. mori. Ulat sutera strain normal (p50T) disilangkan dengan ulat sutera mutan nmd (a47) Jepang hingga didapatkan generasi F2 melaui metode positional cloning. Karakterisasi basa DNA dianalisis langkah demi langkah melalui tahap purifikasi DNA hingga analisis PCR. Penerapan primer spesifik dapat mempersempit lokasi pasang basa DNA yang mengekspresikan mutasi nmd. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lokasi ekspresi gen mutasi nmd berada pada kromosom 9 dengan kisaran pasangan basa 9330803 bp - 12075121 bp (2.7 mb) yang mencakup 89 kandidat gen di dalamnya. Satu gen kandidat diprediksi penyebab mutasi nmd, adalah KWMTBOMO05189. Gen tersebut diduga berkaitan dengan dn-Ras yang menghambat pengaturan pelepasan hormon ekdison., Crosses between silkworm strains usually emerged new mutant individuals that have non-molting conditions. The incidence of non-molting dwarf mutants (nmd) resulted in population mortality of up to half of population on natural silk factory. This nmd mutant was found in the population of first instar larvae of B. mori. This study aims to identify the gene expression and location of the base pairs that are responsible for the condition of the nmd mutant in B. mori larvae. Normal strain silkworms (p50T) were crossed with Japanese nmd (a47) mutant silkworms to obtain F2 generation through the positional cloning method. DNA base pairs characterization was analyzed step by step through the DNA purification phase to PCR analysis. The application of specific primers can narrow down the location of the DNA base pairs which express the nmd mutation. The results showed that the location of the nmd mutation gene expression was on chromosome 9 with a base pair range of 9330803 bp - 12075121 bp (2.7 Mb) which included 89 candidate genes on that range. One candidate gene predicted to express the nmd mutation is KWMTBOMO05189. This gene is thought to be related to dn-Ras which inhibits the regulation of ecdysone hormone.
Keyword: Gene Expression, non-molting, mutation, spesific primers

Judul: Karakterisasi Gen Ser2 pada Ulat Sutera Domestik (Bombyx mori)
Abstrak: Insect of the family Bombycidae is a beneficial insect because it produces cocoon as a source of natural silk fibers. Silk fibers from Bombyx mori is produced in the silk gland at the stage of last instar larvae before the formation of the cocoon. The main components of silk are fibroin and serisin. Ser2 gene dominates process of fiber formation when the caterpillar is on the growth stage. The study of genes characteristic serisin 2 in B. mori is still limited. The objective of this study was to analyze characteristic of Ser2 gene in silkworm B. mori originated from Candiroto. Middle silk gland (MSG) of the silkworm B. mori was extracted for the RNA analysis using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen). Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized from RNA using Revertaid Transcriptase (Thermo Science Inc). It was then amplified using three pairs of the primers, i.e two pairs of housekeeping genes and one pair of Ser2 genes. The result of Ser2 gene amplification was sequenced to obtain composition of nucleotide bases. Sampels BC8 and BC10 were successfully sequenced and then aligned using Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis software version 4 (MEGA 4.0). To obtain kindship percentage, those sequenced samples were compared with other individuals acquired from gene bank using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool-nucleotide ( BLAST n) program. The results was that B. mori BC8 and BC10 having similarity as high as 100% with Bombyx mori serisin 2 (Ser2) transcript variant 2, mRNA (Genebank: NM001172817.1), Bombyx mori serisin 2 (Ser2) transcript variant 1, mRNA (Genebank: NM001172816.1) dan Bombyx mori serisin 2 precursor (Ser2) gene, complete cds alternatively spliced (Genebank: GQ381286.1) .
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular