Judul: Pengayaan Database Genetik RAPD Jati dengan Contoh Uji KayuKering
Abstrak: INTRODUCTION. Certification of log tracking (Chain of Custody, CoC) constitutes one of the main activities of ecolabel certification for monitoring the flow of wood from forest to wood industry (factory). One way for encouraging sustainable forest resource management is following forest certification scheme. Use of genetics technology or Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a new method which possibly could be developed and applied in the future for log tracking certification. This identification steps requires complete database which could describe the areas where the teak wood is cut, which include representation of individuals in each area and population, as reference for specimen matching in the future. This research use dry wood as sample for analyzing genetic variation in Java, using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) marker. The objectives of this research were genetic database enrichment of teak RAPD and estimating teak genetic variation in Java, based on dry wood sample. MATERIAL AND METHOD. Material used as sample were in the form of wood discs measuring 5 cm in width, as many as 45 pieces taken from 9 KPH (Forest Management Unit) of Perum Perhutani (State Owned Forest Company), namely KPH Cepu, KPH Kendal, KPH Randublatung, KPH Bojonegoro, KPH Kebonhrujo, KPH Ngawi, KPH Banten, KPH Indramayu, and KPH Ciamis. The method used was PCR-RAPD (Polymerase Chain Reaction - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Data analysis used software Popgene version 3.2, NTSys version 2.01, and Minitab version 14. RESULT AND CONCLUSION. Average of genetic variation inside population of the nine teak populations in Java was 0.1413 with largest variation possessed by teak population in KPH Kebonhrujo, whereas teak population in KPH Randublatung possessed the smallest genetic variation. Average of genetic variation between teak populations (GST) in Java was 0.2154 with lowest genetic distance possessed by teak popUlations of KPH Ngawi and KPH Kebonhrujo. Largest genetic distance was possessed by teak populations of KPH Ciamis and KPH Randublatung. Based on cluster analysis, nine teak populations in Java could be divided into three main clusters. The first cluster consisted of five populations, namely KPH Banten, KPH Indramayu, KPH Bojonegoro, KPH Ngawi, and KPH Kebonharjo. The second cluster consisted of three populations, namely KPH Cepu, KPH Kendal, and KPH Randublatung, while the third cluster comprised only one population, namely KPH Ciamis. Implication for log tracking was the possibility for making the primers of OPY-13, OPO-13, OPO-I0, and OPO-14 as marker primers for differentiating between populations of teak in Java because those primers possessed GST which were relatively far greater than average value of GST, namely ranging between 0.4155 - 0.7142.
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Judul: Variasi Genetika Jati Jawa Berdasarkan Metode Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
Abstrak: Information on genetic variation of teak in Java at present is still limited. Existing data mostly were based on isozyme analysis, on few localized population, and using leaves as sample materials. In this study usage of RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) as one of DNA markers, and teak wood as material to study teak genetic diversity could enrich the available information. Samples were collected from nine Forest Management Unit (FMU) representing three provinces in Java, i.e. FMU Banten, FMU Ciamis and FMU Indramayu of West Java province, FMU Cepu, FMU Kebonharjo, FMU Kendal and FMU Randublatung of Central Java province, FMU Bojonegoro and FMU Ngawi of East Java province. Leaves DNA were extracted using CTAB method and woods DNA were extracted using CTAB (Cethyl Trimethyl Amonium Bromide) method, while RAPD analysis were done using four selected primers, i.e. OPY2, OPY9, OPO13 and OPY11 . Generated data were then analyzed using POPGENE version 3.2 and NTSYS 2.02. Results showed that teak genetic diversity in Java as measured from heterozygosity level ranged from 0,0614 (FMU Ngawi) to 0,2753 (FMU Indramayu). Dendrogram based on calculated Nei’s genetic distances clustered the populations into two main groups, i.e. West Java province and Central-East Java province. Amplified DNA from wood comprised only of small size fragments (maximum 500bp) as compared to those of leaves (maximum 2500bp). If wood is going to be used as material for fingerprinting traded forest products, a refinement method in DNA analysis should be done
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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