Judul: Pemanfaatan limbah coklat (pod coklat) sebagai bahan pakan ternak
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengolah limbah coklat (pod coklat) menjadi bahan makanan ternak dan untuk mendapatkan makanan ternak yang berkwalitas tinggi atau sama deng a n makanan t e rnak biasa d a r i proses pengolahan limbah coklat segar. Serta mengetahui apakah makanan ternak ruminansia yang dihasilkan disukai ternak sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan dan bermanfaat sebagai sumber energi ternak serta menyehatkan ternak. Penelitian ini sebenarnya terdiri dari 2 percobaan yakni Analisis Mutu Silase Pod Coklat dan Pemberian silase pod coklat yang bermutu baik yang dihasilkan dari penelitian kepada ternak ruminansia. kambing. An alisa Mutu Silase Pod Coklat, menggunakan rancangan Faktorial 2 x 15, dengan dua kali ulangan. Faktor bahan baku terdiri dari dua taraf, yaitu A1 (hanya irisan pod coklat) dan A2 ( campuran pod dengan plasenta coklat 35:1 ). Faktor bahan tambahan untuk setiap kg bahan baku terdiri dari 15 taraf, yaitu B1 (5 ml asam propionat), B2 (10 ml asam format), B3 (15 ml asam propionat), B4 (2 ml asam format), B5 (4 ml asam format), B6 (6 ml asam format), B7 (5 ml campuran asam propionat dengan asam format 1:1), B8 (7,5 campuran asam propionat dengan asam format 1:1), B9 (10 ml campuran asam propionat dengan asam format 1:1), B10 (30 gram molasse), B11 (40 gram molasse), B12 (50 gram molasse), B13 (50 gram tepung jagung), B14 (75 gram tepung jagung) dan B15 (100 gram tepung jagung). Parameter yang diamati adalah pH, kadar air, kadar NFE ( Nitrogen Free Extract), kadar Protein kasar, kadar lemak kasar dan kadar serat kasar. ...
Keyword: Chocolate

Judul: Mutu ransum berbentuk pellet dengan bahan serat biomasa pada coklat (Teobroma cacao L.) untuk pertumbuhan sapi perah jantan
Abstrak: Mengacu pada beberapa literatur, komposisi proksimat pod coklat menyerupai komposisi rumput gajah, namun karena berasal dari tanaman tua, pengolahan pod coklat menjadi biomasa pod coklat melalui proses fermentasi dapat diharapkan meningkatkan kegunaan biomasa ini sebagai pengganti hijauan pakan ternak.
Keyword: During cattle, Catlle feeding, Pellets

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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