Judul: Peningkatan Kandungan Zat Besi, Total Fenolik, dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Bayam Hijau (Amaranthus viridis L.) dengan Pupuk Maggot (Black Soldier Fly).
Abstrak: Bayam hijau (Amaranthus viridis L.) merupakan tanaman yang mengandung zat besi yang tinggi, senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, antioksidan, dan fenolik yang bermanfaat untuk penyakit degeneratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, kandungan zat besi, total fenolik, dan aktivitas antioksidan tanaman bayam menggunakan pupuk maggot (Black Soldier Fly). Kandungan zat besi diukur menggunakan metode ICP-OES, kadar total fenolik diukur menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu, dan aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan metode DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan 2 (2:8) memiliki nilai kandungan zat besi tertinggi sebesar 13,73 ± 0,0419a mg/100g BK dan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi sebesar 18,61 ± 0,0644a μmol TE/100g BK sedangkan perlakuan 1 (1:9) memiliki pertumbuhan tertinggi rata-rata sebesar 259,47 mm, jumlah daun sebesar 17,53 lembar, dan bobot basah sebesar 288 gr serta nilai fenolik tertinggi sebesar 273,55 ± 5,6480a mg GAE/100g BK. Penggunaan pupuk maggot memberi nilai pertumbuhan, jumlah daun, bobot basah, kandungan zat besi, total fenolik, dan aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan pupuk organik (kandang)., Green spinach (Amaranthus viridis L.) is a plant that contains high iron, secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, antioxidants, and phenolics which are beneficial for degenerative diseases. This study aimed to determine the growth of plant height, number of leaves, iron content, total phenolic, and antioxidant activity of spinach plants using maggot fertilizer (Black Soldier Fly). Iron content was measured using ICP-OES method, total phenolic content was measured using Folin-Ciocalteu method, and antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH method. The results showed that treatment 2 (2:8) had the highest iron content values of 13,73 ± 0,0419a mg/100 gr BK and the highest antioxidant activity of 18,61 ± 0,0644a μmol TE/100 gr BK while treatment 1 (1:9) had the highest average growth of 259,47 mm and 17,53 leaves, and wet weight of 288 gr and the highest phenolic value of 273,55 ± 5,6480a mg GAE/100 gr BK. The use of maggot fertilizer gave higher values of growth, number of leaves, wet weight, iron content, total phenolic, and antioxidant activity compared to organic (manure)
Keyword: antioxidant, iron, phenolic, spinach

Judul: Pengaruh Pupuk Bekas Maggot Terhadap Total Fenolik, Flavonoid, dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Tanaman Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.)
Abstrak: Sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) mengandung banyak senyawa aktif yang berperan dalam pengobatan penyakit degeneratif, seperti fenolik dan flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh pemberian pupuk bekas maggot terhadap pertumbuhan, kadar total fenolik, flavonoid, dan aktivitas antioksidan tanaman sirih merah. Kadar total fenolik dan flavonoid diukur menggunakan metode kolorimetri dengan reagen folin-ciocalteu dan alumunium klorida. Aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan metode DPPH dan FRAP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan dosis 3 (1 pupuk kasgot : 7 media tanam) memiliki kandungan senyawa aktif tertinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya, yaitu sebesar 166,41 ± 4,50 mg GAE/gr untuk fenolik, 47,59 ± 1,33 mg QE/gr untuk flavonoid, 272,39 ± 15,49 ppm untuk nilai IC50, dan 545,27 ± 12,05 µM TE/gr untuk kapasitas antioksidan. Pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot basah, dan bobot kering tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan kontrol negatif, yaitu sebesar 115,41 cm, 20,08 lembar daun, 19,03 gram bobot basah, dan 3,85 gram bobot kering. Penggunaan pupuk kasgot mampu meningkatkan produksi senyawa aktif berupa fenolik dan flavonoid serta dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan tanaman sirih merah. Namun, hal tersebut berbanding terbalik dengan pertumbuhan tanamannya yang terhambat ketika ditambahkan pupuk kasgot., Red betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) contained many active compounds that played a role in the treatment of degenerative diseases, such as phenolics and flavonoids. This research aimed to determine the effect of maggot manure application on the growth, total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of red betel plants. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were measured using colorimetric methods with Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride reagents. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH and FRAP methods. The results showed that treatment with Dose 3 (1 maggot manure: 7 planting media) had the highest content of active compounds compared to other treatments, at 166.41 ± 4.50 mg GAE/g for phenolics, 47.59 ± 1.33 mg QE/g for flavonoids, 272.39 ± 15.49 ppm for IC50 value, and 545.27 ± 12.05 µM TE/g for antioxidant capacity. The highest plant growth, leaf count, wet weight, and dry weight were obtained from the negative control treatment, at 115.41 cm, 20.08 leaves, 19.03 grams wet weight, and 3.85 grams dry weight, respectively. The usage of maggot manure can increase the production of active compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids and enhance the antioxidant activity of red betel plants. However, this was in contrast to the growth of the plants when maggot manure was added.
Keyword: Antioxidant, Flavonoid, Phenolics, Maggot, Red Betel, Antioxidant, Flavonoid, Phenolics, Maggot, Red Betel

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: