Judul: Analisis swimming layers dan sebaran densitas ikan pelagis kecil di Selat Makasar dengan pendekatan hidroakustik
Abstrak: The purposes of this research are to analyze swimming layer and to estimate distribution and density of small pelagic fish in Makassar Strait by acoustic system approach, and how far the effect of both temperature and salinity on distribution and density of small pelagic fish. Cruise track was designed by parallel grid, acoustic data were collected by echosounder, temperature and salinity data were collected by CTD instrument, data analysis displayed on 3 layers, namely: homogen layer (1 to 50 m), thermocline layer (50 to 300 m), and deep layer (300 m to bottom), all of data measured on October 14 to 25, 2003. In homogen layer, acoustic density values range 221,10 to 36199,92 m2/nmi2, in thermocline layer, acoustic density values range 5,09 to 2982,66 m2/nmi2 and in deep layer, acoustic density values range 281,69 to 577,49 m2/nmi2. In homogen layer, the temperature values range 25,33 to 29,59 oC and salinity values range 30,41 to 34,36 psu. In thermocline layer, a drastic decrease temperature is happened with range 9,98 to 28,47 oC and salinity values range 33,74 to 34,79 psu. In deep layer, temperature tend to decrease with narrow range 3,61 to 11,28 o C and salinity tend to increase by decrease depth with values range 34,45 to 34,59 psu. The result showed that both temperature and salinity affect the distribution and density of small pelagic fish per layer.
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Judul: Pendugaan nilai dan sebaran densitas ikan pelagis dengan sistem akustik BIM terbagi di perairan selatan Banten, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga densitas ikan pelagis beserta sebarannya (vertikal dan horizontal) dengan menggunakan sistem akustik bim terbagi dan mengetahui hubungan densitas ikan dengan faktor oseanografi (suhu dan salinitas). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Perairan Selatan Banten - Jawa Barat pada bulan Oktober 2001. Desain Survei yang digunakan berbentuk parallel continues. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan tepatnya pada posisi 105,487°BT 108,819°BT dan 7,085°LS-8,912°LS. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan Kapal Riset Baruna Jaya VII milik Pusat Penelitian Oseanologi Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (P2O-LIPI) untuk pengambilan data akustik maupun osenografi. Pengumpulan data akustik dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen akustik berupa Scientific Echo Sounder Simrad EK 500 sedangkan pengumpulan data oseanografi menggunakan Conductifity Temperature Depth (CTD) dengan tipe SBE 9 SEABIRD. Pemrosesan data akustik menggunakan program EP 500 dengan menu analize pelagic layer dan dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan software postprosessing Excel dan ditampilkan menggunakan program surfer versi 7.0. Sebaran densitas secara vertikal memperlihatkan kecendrungan tingginya densitas ikan di permukaan, hal ini berhubungan dengan ketersediaannya makanan pada lapisan tersebut. Nilai densitas mengalami penurunan sejalan dengan bertambahnya kedalaman. Densitas rata-rata tertinggi terdapat di permukaan yaitu pada strata kedalaman 1 (5-25 m) sebesar 37,49 ikan/1000 m³ selanjutnya strata kedalaman 2 (25-50 m) sebesar 17,45 ikan/1000 m³, strata kedalaman 3 (50-75 m) sebesar 7,40 ikan/1000 m³, strata kedalaman 4 (75-100 m) sebesar 4,22 ikan/1000 m³, strata kedalaman 5 (100-125 m) sebesar 3,07 ikan/1000 m³, strata kedalaman 6 (125-150 m) sebesar 2,45 ikan/1000 m³, strata kedalaman 7 (150-175 m) sebesar 0,15 ikan/1000 m³, strata kedalaman 8 (175-200 m) sebesar 0,09 ikan/1000 m³, strata kedalaman 9 (200-225 m) sebesar 0,07 ikan/1000 m³.
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Judul: Prenilasi Senyawa β-Diketon sebagai Prekursor 3-Prenilflavon
Abstrak: One group of flavonoids that has not been commonly synthesized is 3- prenylflavone. The main objective of this experiment was to synthesize precursor of 3-prenylflavone. Firstly, β-diketone was synthesized via 4 steps from phenol as starting compound with total yield of 24%. Prenylation of β-diketone with prenyl bromide and K2CO3 base produced 4 fractions which were separated by using preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) with n-hexane:EtOAc (8:2) as the eluent. Fraction with Rf = 0.80 was further separated by using preparative PTLC with n-hexane:EtOAc (99:1) as the eluent. Two fractions were obtained with Rf = 0.38 and 0.42. The first fraction has been characterized as diprenylated β-diketone with 49% yield. Application of protecting group on the phenolic OH group in β- diketone are needed to obtain monoprenylated β-diketone which can be further cyclized into 3-prenylflavone
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