Judul: Pertukaran Sosial di Pedesaan : Studi Kasus Komersialisasi Gantangan di Tiga Desa Miskin Subang
Abstrak: Gantangan is a social exchange system that develops from the rural traditional custom in Subang regency, West Java. Through this Gantangan we can see how the general reciprocity in rural societies transformed into balanced reciprocity, social exchange and lead to social commercialization. Gantangan that thrive in this traditional celebration party (pesta hajatan) arena is a phenomenon that reflects the changing values in the rural communities into individualistic and contractual exchange. The study purpose is to analyze the transformation of the pattern of Gantangan in three villages which have different poor sociodemographic characteristics, that is in the coastal area (North Subang), lowlands (Central Subang) and uplands (South Subang). The results of this study found the existence of three patterns of exchange in each community, namely: type A (nyambungan), type B (gintingan), type C (golongan). Commercialization rate realized in several stages, including the commercialization on stage 1 (the commodification of traditional-celebration party) and the commercialization on stage 2 (rent seeking).
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Judul: Konversi Lahan dan Perubahan Strategi Nafkah Masyarakat Pedesaan (Kasus: Kelurahan Mulyaharja, Kecamatan Bogor Selatan, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat).
Abstrak: Cases of land conversion in the Sub-district of Mulyaharja are caused by the people's decision to sell their land. The decision to sell the land is triggered by several factors. These factors include low levels of education, low income, ownership of small land, life necessities, lifestyle, corporate mediators' strategies, company's investment. The decision to sell the land turns out to have a major impact on the economic and social aspects of the community. In the social aspects, there is a change in the social relations between the land owner and farm workers from the fifty-fifty system of cultivation to a rental system. Economically, the status of farmers' livelihoods has changed and new strategies of livelihood have emerged. In agriculture, prior to land conversion, most people were land owners. In contrast, after conversion they mostly become land workers or cultivators. In addition, there are a variety of community's strategies of livelihood.
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Judul: Isolasi dan pemurnian bahan aktif dari mikroalga BTM 11 sebagai inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C disease which has high virulence. Recent therapy using combination of ribavirin and alpha interferon has short efficiency < 80%. Thus, the discovery of new drug is needed. Antiviral drugs can be discovered through molecular target therapy by finding the inhibitor of RNA helicase that play role in viral replication. Inhibitor can be derived from chemical compound produced by microalgae. The aim of this research was to isolate the active compound from microalgae BTM 11 which had inhibitory activity against RNA helicase. Inhibitory activity was measured by releasing of phospate inorganic in colorimetric ATPase assay. Crude extract was fractionated using gel filtration chromatography with methanol in chloroform solvent. The result showed that Fraction 3 has the highest inhibitory activity which (81.205%). Phytochemical test of crude extract indicated positive flavonoids and coumarin. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis with eluent chloroform: methanol gave 2 spots with Rf value of 0.8 and 0.37. Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed absorption peak with the highest abundance at the retention time of 12.483 minute and 16.617 minute was 266 nm and 230 nm. According to these of phytochemical, TLC, and HPLC, inhibitor compound from BTM 11 belongs to flavonoids.
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