Judul: : Respons Berhagai AIdor Terbsdap Pros% Pembaoguoan (Kasus Program Fengentam Kerniskinan yang Dilzbanakan oleh JiCA Beke rjasarna dengan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan)
Abstrak: For many years, many programs of development has taken to solve poverty in Indonesia One of them is poverty alleviation program in Lassang Village. This study intends to study the response of various actors in relation to development by way of actor-oriented approach suggested by Norman Long which was based on phenomenology. This approach conveys a new analysis on the development process; it scrutinizes issues in development that have never been noticed before. From the actor-oriented approach point of view, the project manager of development should be concerned about the interface among actors in a development. This perspective is very important to overcome the gap of understanding that ofien occurs in development. In this thesis, the writer analyzed poverty alleviation program through bottom-up approach as conducted by JICA and local government of Takalar district, South Sulawesi from 1997 to 2002. This evaluation emphasized on development system by bottarn-up approach called SISDUK and focused on the interpretation of various actors on SISDUK since they comect the development system to their life-world and they react to SISDUK based on such comprehension. In SISDUK, the actors comprises of JICA expert, field officer, Takalar regional government staff, village heads, and the community. Every actor interprets SISDUK differently and acts upon this interpretation. This different interpretation usually creates gaps among such actors, These gaps could sometimes be solved; but in other times they potentially become the problem in SISDUK activity. In the mean time, the life-world of every actor changes dynamically does as SISDUK after the JICA contract is terminated and was continued using the frame of regional budget plan. This makes the interpretation and use of the agency of every actor dynamically change. The writer concludd that although it is important to focus on the development system (topdown or bottom-up approach), the more critical concern is on the interpretation of every actor upon issues in the development, in order to overcome development problems. From the actor-oriented approach point of view, through the study of SISDUK as a pilot project, it is clear to see that the empowerment of the powerless community in the frame of community empowerment perspective is just a utopia because the community have agency.
Keyword: 

Judul: Economic Empowerment of Poor Vegetable Farmer (A Case Study at Kelurahan Nunukan Timur, Nunukan Subdistrict, Nunukan Regency, East Kalimantan Province)
Abstrak: A process of paradigm shift in development, from centralistic to decentralistic, resting on local potency and resources has occurred since post New Order. With the presence of this shift it didn’t directly indicate a significant shift of society’s economic social condition. Likewise similarly it occurred at Nunukan Regency, the development process carried out is supposed to be still less participative, where it more prioritized the development of governmental glorious infrastructure than social welfare development. In fact, at Kelurahan Nunukan Timur there are still several poor-categorized societies. The efforts conducted by government in handling a poverty problem at Nunukan are by doing an establishment of farmer groups as a measure to change the pattern of the society’s livelihood means depending on the forest and by reducing the number of existing poor people, specially at Kelurahan Nunukan Timur. The existing problem associated with this farmer group is in fact with the available assistance, the vegetable farmers can not yet increase their earnings optimally, due to the limitation of their knowledge and skills. The objectives of this study are to understand the characteristic of poor vegetable farmer, problem and cause factor and to formulate a strategy that can be developed to improve the vegetable farmer’s earning with the establishment of farmer group. This study has been carried out in three stages, those are social mapping, program evaluation, and field study with the focus of designing the strategy and program of poor vegetable farmer’s empowerment at Kelurahan Nunukan Timur. The study method used is a qualitative method. The data collecting technique used is the observation of role participating and deep interview, documentary study and focus group discussion (FGD). FGD has been conducted with the poor vegetable farmers and stakeholders available. The arranging of program design has been performed in participative with stages, those are to discuss and determine the problem faced and the problem becoming a priority, analyzing internal and external factors as well as conducting an aspiration excavating in arranging the design of society’s development program. The results of study indicate that the economic empowerment program of poor vegetable farmer s that has been formulated is the Improvement Program of human resource capacity and farmer group, divided into 2 (two) sub-programs, those are for farmer individual and farmer group, with activities in the forms of assistance, providing for free fertilizer and seeds, simple group dynamics, management training and socialization with third party (LSM and private). The success of this program implementation highly depends on the participation of poor vegetable farmers as well as the support of the stakeholders available.
Keyword: 

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
Keyword: