Judul: Efek Konsumsi Campuran Karagenan dan FOS Terhadap Proliferas i Limfosit dan Jumlah Bakteri Asam Laktat Usus Tikus
Abstrak: Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and carragennan are indigestable carbohydrates preferentially fermented by lactic acid bacteria (bifidobacteria and lactobacilli) and selectively stimulates their growth. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are able to stimulate both nonspesific and spesific immune responses and by so have a potential to improve host health. The aim of this research is to study the effect of supplementation of a mixture of carragennan and FOS to stimulate growth of lactic acid bacteria and thereby allow immune modulation. Ten Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups; the first group (A), served as the control group were feed the unsupplemented pelet for 21 days. The second group (B) were feed the same unsupplemented pelet for 7 days and got supplemented pelet with FOS 4.08% and carragennan 0.92%, for another 14 days. At the end of the feeding, rats were sacrificed and the spleen were removed asceptically and cultivated for lymphocyte cell isolation. After that, digesta in colon were removed and used for lactic acid bacteria enumeration The result of the analysis showed that stimulation index value of all lymphocyte cell and B-lymphocyte cell was significantly increase (P<0.05) in group B (1.010) than group A (0.845) but lactic acid bacteria growth in group B was not significantly increased (P>0.05) than group A. This result show that fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and carragennan are potential to improve host health.
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Judul: Pengaruh Prebiotik Inulin dan Fruktooligosakarida (FOS) terhadap Pertumbuhan Tiga Jenis Probiotik.
Abstrak: Perkembangan produk pangan fungsional semakin pesat seiring dengan meningkatnya gaya hidup masyarakat yang memusatkan perhatian pada makanan yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Produk pangan fungsional yang turut berkembang adalah produk probiotik, prebiotik, serta sinbiotik. Jenis probiotik lokal yang telah banyak diteliti adalah E. faecium IS-27526 dan L. plantarum IS- 10506, isolat dari dadih susu fermentasi tradisional asal Sumatra Barat. Probiotik komersial yang umum dikonsumsi masyarakat adalah L. casei strain Shirota atas izin Yakult. Penambahan probiotik ke dalam produk pangan seringkali ditunjang dengan prebiotik. Prebiotik yang umum digunakan adalah inulin dan fruktooligosakarida (FOS). Aplikasi prebiotik yang ditambahkan sebaiknya dapat mendukung pertumbuhan probiotik sehingga diperlukan pengujian terlebih dahulu untuk melihat interaksi di antara keduanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh prebiotik inulin dan FOS terhadap pertumbuhan probiotik E. faecium IS-27526, L. plantarum IS- 10605 dan L. casei strain Shirota, sehingga penelitian ini akan bermanfaat untuk aplikasi produk pangan khususnya produk sinbiotik, yaitu produk dengan gabungan probiotik dan prebiotik. Pengaruh prebiotik dilihat dari pertumbuhan E. faecium IS-27526 pada empat jenis media, yaitu kontrol m-MRSB (MRSB tanpa glukosa), m-MRSB + Glukosa 1% (b/v), m-MRSB + Inulin 1% (b/v), dan m-MRSB + FOS 1% (b/v). Pengukuran pertumbuhan dari nilai absorbansi dan hitungan cawan (log cfu/ml), pH media, dan nilai Total Asam Tertitrasi (% asam laktat) media dilakukan setiap 4 jam selama 24 jam inkubasi pada 37oC. Pengujian pengaruh prebiotik terhadap L. plantarum IS-10506 dan L. casei strain Shirota dilakukan dalam kontrol m- MRSB, m-MRSB + Inulin 1% (b/v), dan m-MRSB + FOS 1% (b/v) dengan pengukuran pH dan TAT (% asam laktat) setiap 4 jam selama 12 jam inkubasi pada suhu 37oC serta hitungan cawan (log cfu/ml) pada jam ke-0, 8, dan 12. Analisis statistik ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) dengan analisis lanjutan uji Tukey digunakan pada data hasil hitungan cawan, pH, dan TAT (% asam laktat). Probiotik E. faecium IS-27526 menunjukkan pertumbuhan tertinggi pada media mengandung glukosa (9.3 log cfu/ml) pada waktu inkubasi 12 jam. E. faecium IS-27526 dapat memfermentasi FOS 1% (b/v) menjadi asam laktat yang menurunkan pH dan meningkatkan nilai TAT (% asam laktat) media, serta mendukung pertumbuhan E. faecium IS-27526 (8.8 log cfu/ml) pada waktu inkubasi 8 jam. E. faecium IS-27526 tidak dapat memanfaatkan inulin karena kurva pertumbuhannya sama dengan pada media kontrol m-MRSB. Pertumbuhan memanfaatkan nutrisi pada m-MRSB, bukan karena pemanfaatan inulin. Selain itu, tidak terjadi penurunan nilai pH maupun peningkatan TAT (% asam laktat) pada media mengandung inulin. Probiotik L. plantarum IS-10506 dapat memanfaatkan inulin dan FOS dilihat dari penurunan pH dan peningkatan nilai TAT (% asam laktat) media prebiotik dibanding kontrol m-MRSB. Pertumbuhan L. plantarum IS-10506 setelah inkubasi 12 jam pada kedua jenis prebiotik berbeda signifikan (p<0.05) dengan kontrol m-MRSB. L. plantarum IS-10506 tumbuh signifikan terbaik (p<0.05) pada media inulin (10.3 log cfu/ml) dibanding media lainnya. Pertumbuhan tertinggi pada prebiotik FOS ditunjukkan oleh L. plantarum IS- 10506 dengan jumlah sel hidup sebesar 9.5 log cfu/ml. L. plantarum IS-10506 memanfaatkan inulin lebih baik karena dapat mencapai 9.5 log cfu/ml dalam waktu inkubasi 8 jam, sedangkan membutuhkan waktu 12 jam dalam media FOS. L. casei strain Shirota dapat memanfaatkan kedua jenis prebiotik dilihat dari
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite