Judul: Relationship between Family Characteristics and Peer group and Characters and Bullying of Youth.
Abstrak: Masa remaja adalah periode penting dalam kehidupan yang bercirikan periode badai dan stres. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik keluarga dan peer group dengan karakter dan perilaku bullying remaja di Kota Bogor. Sebanyak 100 pelajar berusia 16-18 tahun dari SMK negeri dan swasta dipilih dengan cara cluster random sampling, dimana jumlah contoh laki-laki dan perempuan sama besarnya (50 laki-laki dan 50 perempuan). Hasil menunjukkan perbedaan nyata pada keterikatan dengan peer group diantara dua sekolah, dimana remaja di SMK swasta lebih terikat daripada remaja di SMK negeri, sedangkan antara remaja laki-laki dan perempuan tidak terdapat perbedaan pada keterikatan. Hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa remaja perempuan lebih memiliki hormat santun dan berbeda nyata dari remaja laki-laki, namun berdasarkan asal sekolah, tidak terdapat perbedaan karakter diantara mereka (hormat santun dan empati). Remaja perempuan melakukan bully lebih dari laki-laki, dimana mereka lebih banyak melakukan bullying verbal. Namun, tidak ada perbedaan perilaku bullying diantara dua sekolah. Usia orangtua berhubungan nyata dengan karakter remaja (hormat santun dan empati). Keterikatan dengan peer group berhubungan nyata dengan perilaku bullying, semakin terikat remaja dengan teman-temannya, kemungkinan melakukan bullying lebih tinggi. Selain itu, terlihat juga bahwa karakter berhubungan negatif nyata dengan perilaku bullying.
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Judul: Pengaruh Pola Asuh Sosial-Emosi, Kecerdasan Emosional dan Keterikatan Teman Sebaya terhadap Perilaku Bullying pada Siswa SMA di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: This study aimed to (1) Identify the characteristics of the sample, family characteristics, characteristics of friends and school characteristics, (2) Identify the parenting patern of social-emotion, emotional intelligence, attachment to peers and bullying behavior of the child, (3) Analyze the effect of emotional intelligence and bullying behavior towards children. The study was conducted on two high school in the city of Bogor are SMUN X and SMKN Y. The study used cluster random sampling method that applied for second grade. Based on the analysis of gender showed there is a difference between boys and girls the application of parenting patern of social-emotion and emotional intelligent. The attachment to peers and bullying behavior showed no differences between boys and girls. The results of the Pearson correlation test showed of gender is positively and significantly with the dimensions of emotional intelligence to manage emotions, self-motivation, empathy, total score emotional intelligence and parenting patern of social-emotion. School is positively and significantly associated with emphaty, relationship and physic bullying behavior. School is negatively and significantly with verbal bullying behavior and social bullying behavior. Father's education negatively and significantly associated with self-motivation, empathy dimensions, total score emotional intelligent and attachment to peers. Father’s education positively and significantly with verbal bullying behavior. Maternal education negatively and significantly associated with self-motivation, total score emotional intelligent and the attachment to peers. Maternal education negatively and significantly with verbal bullying behavior. Family’s income positively and significantly with verbal bullying behavior. Family’s income negatively and significantly with the attachment to peers. Attachment to peers is positively and significantly associated with emotional intelligence dimensions of managing emotions, self-motivation, emphaty, total score emotional intelligent and parenting patern of social-emotion. Attachment to peers is negatively and significantly with verbal bullying behavior. Parenting patern of social-emotion related positively and significantly with to know the emotions, managing emotions, self-motivation, total score emotional intelligence and attachment to peers. Parenting patern of social-emotion related negatively and significantly with verbal bullying behavior and total score bullying behavior. Factors that influence the emotional intelligence with gender, amounth of friends, friend age, attachment to peers and parenting patern of social-emotion. While the variable factors that influence bullying behavior is amounth of friends, friend age, the parenting patern of social-emotion and managing emotions dimensions, self motivations dimensions and emphaty dimension of emotional intelligent.
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Judul: Production and formulation of methyl ester sulfonate-based surfactant from palm olein for enhanced oil recovery application
Abstrak: The remaining oil in a reservoir that cannot be produced using the natural driving force (primary recovery) is about 50 to 80% of the initial oil volumes (IOIP). A secondary recovery technique such as waterflooding can only increase the recovery as much as 5 to 20% of the IOIP. Therefore, a method known as Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) has to be implemented in the reservoir in the effort to recover much more oil. One of the EOR methods is surfactant injection. The injection of surfactant solution is aimed to significantly reduce the capillary forces in the reservoir by lowering the oil-water interfacial tension within the pore spaces. Once the capillary force is diminished, the reservoir oil is much easier to be displaced and moved toward the production wells. This is an excellent opportunity to develop a type of vegetable oil-based surfactants. One of potential surfactant types to develop is methyl ester sulphonate surfactant (MES). This study was aimed at producing MES surfactant and formula-based methyl ester sulfonate surfactant from palm olein to be applied for in the process of improving oil recovery using carbonate formation fluids. Results of the study showed that the best condition was achieved in a sulphonation process done in 3-4 hours with the flowrate of dry air of 1.8 kg/hour and a purification performed without the addition of methanol in a pH of 8. The best MES surfactant-based formula for EOR applications on the formation of carbonate was the one with the composition of 0.3% MES surfactant, 0.3% Na2CO3, and 15,000 ppm salinity. MES surfactant produced from this formula had more heat resistance, higher salinity, and higher hardness than the commercial surfactants did. Results of the performance test of surfactant-based formula showed that the MES surfactant formula was compatible with formation water and injection water. The formed phase was a lower phase which was relatively stable on a heating up to day 77 (reservoir temperature of 70 and 112 °C) with a range of interfacial tension of 10-2 dynes/cm. The adsorption reached 152.86 μg active matter/g core and the incremental oil recovery using synthetic core of 8-19% and using native core of 9.1%. Surfactant solution coreflooding test with bottom-up flow direction resulted in a greater oil recovery (16%) than that with top-down flow direction. This was caused by the influence of gravity.
Keyword: Palm Olein