Judul: Economic Impact and Carrying Capacity of Mount Papandayan Natural Tourism Park [TWA] during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Pemerintah melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 memberlakukan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) guna untuk mengurangi penyebaran virus Covid-19. Oleh karena itu, TWA Gunung Papandayan terpaksa ditutup sementara selama 3 bulan dari 27 Maret 2020 hingga 27 Juni 2020. Kebijakan ini memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap unit usaha dan tenaga kerja. Selain itu, kebijakan ini juga menyebabkan perubahan variabel pada perhitungan daya dukung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi dampak ekonomi, menganalisis strategi adaptif dan mengestimasi perubahan daya dukung. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis multiplier effect, analisis deskriptif dan analisis daya dukung. Hasil menunjukan nilai Keynesian Income Multiplier kurang dari satu, artinya dampak yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat lokal masih rendah baik sebelum pandemi maupun saat pandemi Covid- 19. Namun, pengeluaran wisatawan sudah berdampak dan berkontribusi dengan baik bagi pendapatan unit usaha dan tenaga kerja dikarenakan nilai Ratio Income Multiplier Type I dan Type II yang lebih besar dari pada satu baik itu sebelum maupun saat pandemi. TWA Gunung Papandayan menerapkan pengecekan suhu dan sertifikat vaksin atau hasil antigen, menjaga jarak dan menggunakan masker, menyediakan wastafel, tim medis dan ambulan, memasang baliho atau poster dan menerapkan kapasitas pengunjung sebagai strategi adaptif. Daya dukung mengalami Under Carrying Capacity (UCC), kecuali fasilitas parkir motor dan mobil pada perhitungan RCC dan ECC yang mengalami Over Carrying Capacity (OCC) baik sebelum maupun saat pandemi., The government through Government Regulation No. 21 of 2020 imposed Large- Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in order to reduce the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Therefore, the Gunung Papandayan TWA was forced to temporarily close for 3 months from 27 March 2020 to 27 June 2020. This policy had a significant impact on business units and the workforce. In addition, this policy also causes variable changes in the calculation of carrying capacity. This study aims to estimate the economic impact, analyze adaptive strategies and estimate changes in carrying capacity. The analytical method used is multiplier effect analysis, descriptive analysis and carrying capacity analysis. The results show that the Keynesian Income Multiplier value is less than one, meaning that the impact felt by local communities is still low both before the pandemic and during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, tourist spending has had an impact and contributed well to business unit and workforce income because the value of the Type I and Type II Multiplier Income Ratios was greater than one, both before and during the pandemic. TWA Gunung Papandayan applies temperature checks and vaccine certificates or antigen results, maintains distance and uses masks, provides sinks, medical teams and ambulances, installs billboards or posters and applies visitor capacity as an adaptive strategy. The carrying capacity experiences Under Carrying Capacity (UCC), except for motorcycle and car parking facilities in the RCC and ECC calculations which experience Over Carrying Capacity (OCC) both before and during the pandemic.
Keyword: Keynesian Income Multiplier, Multiplier Effect, OCC, Ratio Income Multiplier, UCC

Judul: Economic Impact and Carrying Capacity Analysis of the Taman Wisata Iman in Dairi Regency Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 berdampak terhadap penutupan kawasan wisata sementara waktu dan terjadinya penurunan jumlah kunjungan yang bersifat fluktuatif, dimana berdampak terhadap unit usaha dan tenaga kerja di kawasan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) menganalisis dampak ekonomi Taman Wisata Iman, Kabupaten Dairi akibat pandemi Covid-19; (2) menghitung daya dukung wisata di kawasan Wisata Taman Wisata Iman; (3) menganalisis strategi pengembangan kawasan Taman Wisata Iman. Metode yang digunakan adalah, multiplier effect, daya dukung fisik (PCC), analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebelum dan saat adanya pandemi Keynesian Income Multiplier di TWI kurang dari satu, artinya dampak yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat lokal masih rendah. Namun, Ratio Income Multiplier Tipe I dan Tipe II lebih besar dari satu yang menandakan pengeluaran wisatawan sudah berdampak dan berkontribusi dengan baik terhadap pendapatan unit usaha dan tenaga kerja, baik itu sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19. Daya dukung kawasan TWI sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19 mengalami under carrying capacity, baik itu pada saat weekday, weekend dan musim libur. Pengembangan kawasan TWI dilakukan dengan tahap sarana prasarana, promosi atau iklan dan menyesuaikan kondisi carrying capacity., The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the temporary closure of tourist areas and a decrease in the number of fluctuating visits, which has had an impact on business units and workforce in the area. The purposes of this research are (1) to analyze the economic impact of Iman Tourism Park, Dairi Regency due to the Covid-19 pandemic; (2) calculate the carrying capacity of tourism in the Taman Wisata Iman Tourism area; (3) analyzing the development strategy of the Faith Tourism Park area. The method used is multiplier effect, physical carrying capacity (PCC), descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that before and during the pandemic, the Keynesian Income Multiplier in TWI was less than one, meaning that the impact felt by the local community was still low. However, the Type I and Type II Income Multiplier Ratio is greater than one, which indicates that tourism expenditure has had an impact and contributed to both business unit and workforce income, both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The carrying capacity of the TWI area before and during the Covid- 19 pandemic experienced a lack of carrying capacity, both on weekdays, weekends and the holiday season. The development of the TWI area is carried out with the stages of infrastructure, promotion or advertising and adjusting the carrying capacity conditions
Keyword: carrying capacity, covid-19, development, multiplier effect, tourism

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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