Judul: Implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) in the Edible Birdnest Processing Unit for Exports to China
Abstrak: The Edible birdnest (EBN) made produced from the sublingual gland that came from the bird species Aerodramus fuciphaga which export to China as expensive commodities. EBN as one of food of animal origin had the potential to transmit foodborne disease. Cases of food vultures due to eating EBN products have never been reported, but EBN had the potential to cause foodborne diseases that might caused by contamination from the environment. This study aims were analyzed the implementation of HACCP on EBN processing units that exported their product to China and analyzed the result descriptively. Guidelines for animal quarantine requirements and actions against the expenditure of EBN from Indonesia to China were needed that the minimum processing facilities and infrastructure had been certified by Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system or equivalent. This research was a descriptive study with an explorative design. A total of 4 (four) business units were agreed respondents that were used as research samples from all 14 business units in Indonesia. The companies had HACCP certification and export permits to China. The respondents had been taken as Quality Assurance managers or equivalents of each willing business unit in this study. The composition of the questionnaire refers to the HACCP system was contained 12 (twelve) logical steps of implementation of HACCP. The results showed that there were diversity of the number of HACCP teams of 7-11 people and the educational background of most (50%) bachelor. This research was showed the EBN’s that report significant hazards of each business unit at the stage sorting, washing, quality control (QC 1), and at the stage of steaming that is only found in the business unit of PT D. In addition, there were stages considered as very significant hazards. There were in every business unit at the stage of feather removal, rinsing, and heating. The results showed there were two critical control points; soaking and heating. HACCP was applied at EBN exporter companies have variances from the number of HACCP teams, educational characteristics, HACCP divisions, product descriptions, and flow charts processing stages. The four exporter companies had similarities on the number, determination of CCP stages, and the same CCP control method. Keywords: China, Edible Birdnest, Export, HACCP.
Keyword: Sarang Burung Walet, HACCP, Edible Birdnest, Export, Ekspor, Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, China

Judul: Gap Analysis of the Implementation of HACCP for Nata de Coco Product in PT XYZ
Abstrak: Keamanan pangan menjadi persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi dalam memproduksi pangan termasuk untuk produk pangan yang diekspor. PT XYZ sebagai perusahaan pangan yang melakukan kegiatan ekspor nata de coco telah menerapkan sistem jaminan keamanan pangan, salah satunya adalah Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). PT XYZ telah menjalani proses sertifikasi HACCP sejak tahun 2021. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi penerapan sistem HACCP PT XYZ serta mengidentifikasi tindakan perbaikan yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengatasi kesenjangan dalam sistem. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap HACCP produk nata de coco melalui analisis kesenjangan yaitu dengan membandingkan penerapan HACCP dengan kriteria penilaian yang diacu dari standar dan regulasi perusahaan. Analisis kesenjangan dinilai menggunakan ceklis yang disusun berdasarkan faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas HACCP. Terdapat empat atribut yang menjadi kerangka analisis kesenjangan yaitu atribut manusia, atribut sistem, atribut internal, dan atribut eksternal. Hasil penilaian secara keseluruhan terhadap keempat atribut yang memengaruhi efektivitas sistem HACCP masuk dalam rentang 75%-100% yang menunjukkan bahwa implementasi sistem HACCP PT XYZ telah memenuhi persyaratan dalam standar acuan atau sudah terlaksana sesuai yang direncanakan perusahaan. Penerapan HACCP perusahaan telah memenuhi 94,28% persyaratan penilaian. Keberhasilan penerapan HACCP didukung oleh Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) sebagai program prasyarat HACCP yang memiliki nilai kesesuaian 94,04%. Namun, Penerapan GMP perusahaan memiliki kesenjangan mayor lebih dari batas maksimumnya sehingga status GMP dapat dikatakan masih kurang sempurna dan perlu perbaikan di beberapa aspek yang persyaratannya belum dipenuhi perusahaan atau belum diterapkan secara sempurna. Atribut manusia masih memiliki kriteria yang penerapannya belum maksimal dengan persentase kesesuaian terendah dibandingkan kriteria pada atribut lainnya. Kesenjangan yang ditemukan dalam atribut manusia terletak pada kriteria motivasi pekerja dengan persentase kesesuaian 68,75%. Pekerja di PT XYZ ditemukan belum memiliki motivasi yang kuat untuk menerapkan sistem HACCP. Perusahaan perlu memberikan perhatian yang lebih terhadap peningkatan motivasi pekerja sehingga mendukung jalannya sistem HACCP dengan baik dan efektif., Food safety become the utmost basic requirement for food production including those for export. PT XYZ, a nata de coco producer and exporter, implements one of the food safety systems i.e. HACCP. PT XYZ has undergone the HACCP certification process since 2021. This study aims to evaluate the HACCP implementation at PT XYZ and identify corrective actions needed to overcome the incompliances of HACCP system. This study used gap analysis as a method to compare the implementation of HACCP with the assessment criteria referred to company standards and regulations. The gap in HACCP implementation was evaluated using a checklist based on factors that influence the effectiveness of HACCP implementation. The gap analysis regarding HACCP implementation is done by rating four attributes consisted of human, system, company (internal), and external factors. Based on the gap analysis, HACCP implementation in PT XYZ is considered to have met the standard with the percentage of implementation at 75-100%. The implementation of HACCP has fulfilled 94,28% of the assessment requirements. The successful implementation of HACCP was supported by Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) as pre-requisite program which has a compliance value of 94,04%. However, the implementation of the GMP has major gaps more than the maximum limit, therefore GMP was need improvement in several aspects where the requirements have not been
Keyword: compliance, gap, gap analysis, HACCP

Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix