Judul: Efek Sinergis Kuersetin dan Spermin sebagai Inhibitor Enzim α-Glukosidase
Abstrak: Pencarian senyawa bahan alam antidiabetes menggunakan metode Network Target-Based of Multicomponent Synergy menghasilkan kombinasi senyawa kuersetin dan spermin memiliki efek sinergis yang cukup tinggi dibanding dengan kombinasi senyawa lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan efek sinergis dari kuersetin dan spermin sebagai inhibitor enzim α-glukosidase. Efek sinergis dari kombinasi kedua senyawa ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode Chou Talalay. Tingkat sinergis dinyatakan dengan Indeks Kombinasi (CI), kombinasi sinergis memiliki CI<1, aditif (CI=1), dan antagonis (CI>1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai inhibisi kuersetin terhadap enzim α-glukosidase lebih tinggi daripada inhibisi oleh spermin. Kombinasi kedua senyawa memberikan inhibisi yang lebih tinggi. Kombinasi kuersetin dan spermin pada konsentrasi yang rendah, yaitu kurang dari 6 ppm memiliki nilai CI kurang dari satu. Saat konsentrasi lebih dari 6 ppm, nilai CI yang dihasilkan lebih dari satu dan bersifat antagonis. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua senyawa ini bersifat sinergis sebagai inhibitor enzim α-glukosidase pada konsentrasi kurang dari 6 ppm.
Keyword: inhibitor, kuersetin, sinergis, spermin

Judul: Analisis Efek Sinergis Tanaman Obat Untuk Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Menggunakan Metode Network Target-Based Identification Of Multicomponent Synergy
Abstrak: Penggunaan tanaman obat adalah salah satu bentuk pengobatan yang ditawarkan untuk mengatasi penyakit Diabetes mellitus. Tanaman obat bersifat multicomponent-multi target. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek sinergis senyawa-senyawa yang terdapat 10 tanaman obat yang berpotensi mengobati penyakit Diabetes mellitus Tipe 2 dengan menggunakan metode Network Target-based Identification of Multicomponent Synergy (NIMS). Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal dilakukan perluasan jejaring senyawa-protein target menggunakan metode DrugCIPHER. Pendekatan komputasi metode NIMS dilakukan berdasarkan dua aspek, yaitu skor topologi dan skor agen. Perkalian antara skor topologi dan skor agen akan menghasilkan skor sinergi yang menjadi acuan seberapa besar efek sinergis pada pasangan senyawa. Skor sinergi yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini berada pada rentang [0,0.194]. Hasil pengujian juga menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi senyawa Spermine atau Ferruginol dengan senyawa lain cenderung memiliki skor sinergi yang tinggi, sehingga disarankan untuk dieksplorasi lebih lanjut melalui uji laboratorium.
Keyword: Diabetes mellitus, NIMS, protein target, tanaman obat

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite