Judul: Keragaman gen Toll-Like Receptor4 pada ayam lokal dan persilangan kampung - broiler
Abstrak: Ayam kampung merupakan salah satu ayam lokal Indonesia yang telah terkenal dengan kelezatan dan ketahanannya terhadap penyakit, terutama tahan terhadap Salmonella. Salah satu penciri genetik ketahanan ayam pada bakteri ini adalah gen Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4). TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4) merupakan gen pengkode protein TLR4 yang mengontrol sinyal imun non spesifik sebagai pertahanan pertama terhadap serangan bakteri S. entiritidis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi keragaman gen TLR4 pada ayam lokal Indonesia dan persilangannya (kampung, broiler, KB, KBKB, BK, kapas, sentul, dan merawang). Gen TLR4 berhasil digenotyping pada 214 ayam dengan teknik PIRA-PCR. Genotyping dilakukan pada exon 2 dengan panjang produk 220 bp. Enzim restriksi MscI memotong produk PCR dengan panjang fragmen 196 bp dan 24 bp, diperoleh dua alel (G dan A), dan tiga genotipe (GG, AG, dan AA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ayam KBKB, KB, kampung, merawang, dan sentul bersifat polimorfik (0.05-0.33). Ayam broiler, BK, dan kapas bersifat monomorfik. Keragaman tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh rumpun ayam lokal yaitu kampung, merawang, dan sentul. Nilai PIC tertinggi berada pada ayam lokal (ayam kampung) dengan kategori sedang (0.40). Kata kunci : ayam lokal, genotyping, keragaman, TLR4
Keyword: Genotyping, Local chicken, Polymorphism, TLR4, Salmonella e., Protein coding gene, Immue system, Monomerphics, Heterozygosity

Judul: Keragaman Gen Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) dan Myxovirus (Mx) pada Ayam Kampung serta Asosiasinya terhadap Sifat Pertumbuhan.
Abstrak: Kampung chicken has two production purposes as meat and egg producer. As layer chicken, the egg of kampung chicken was used as jamu. So, the food security of kampung chicken egg needs to be guaranted especially from Salmonella sp. The other problem which commonly happened in kampung chicken industry was the highest of mortality rate which caused by Newcastle Disease (ND) virus infection. Genetically, there were some gene that control self endurance against Salmonella sp and virus infection such as TLR4 and Mx genes. Research aimed to identify the polymorphisms of TLR4 and Mx genes in kampung chicken and the association with growth traits. Research consisted of two steps. The first step was analysis of TLR4 and MX genes polymorphisms and the second step was the association of TLR4 and Mx genes with growth traits. A total of 98 bird of kampung chickens were used in the first procedure and 45 birds were used in the second procedure. Identification of TLR4 and Mx genes polymorphisms was done using PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) method. Data analysis were genotype frquency, allele frequency, heterozygosity, Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium, Polymorphics Informative Content value and association between genotype and growth used GLM (General Linear Model). The result showed GA mutation on TLR4 gene and AG mutation on Mx gene. TLR4 and Mx gene were polymorphics. There was no association between TLR4 gene and growth traits in kampung chicken. Kampung chicken which resist to Salmonella sp and ND virus had low 16 weeks body weight, total average gain daily, and average weekly gain.
Keyword: growth traits, kampung chicken, Mx gene, TLR4 gene

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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