Judul: Efisiensi Penggunaan Faktor-Faktor Produksi Pada Proyek Intensifikasi Tembakau Virginia di Bojonegoro
Abstrak: Pola pengembangan tembakau di Indonesia mengalami beberapa masalah yang cukup serius. Masalah-masalah tersebut meliputi: a) penggunaan benih yang belum tertib; b) saluran tata niaga yang belum efektif dan efisien; c) masih adanya sistim ijon dengan harga rendah sehingga sangat merugikan petani; d) belum adanya kesatuan usaha antar petani terutama dalam memasarkan hasil produksinya; e) banyaknya pengusahaan secara tumpang sari dengan tanaman lain yang diduga menurunkan kualitas serta f) belum adanya penyuluhan secara intensif khususnya tentang dosis dan macam pupuk serta obat-obatan yang tepat. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan diatas, pemerintah bekerja sama dengan lembaga-lembaga penelitian dan perkreditan melaksanakan suatu program terpadu yang dikenal sebagai Intensifikasi Tembakau Virginia". Program ini mencakup: a) pengadaan sarana produksi dalam jumlah dan jenis yang tepat; b) pemasaran hasil yang terjamin; c) penetapan harga yang layak; d) pemberian bimbingan teknis pada petani dan e) pemberian jaminan risiko kegagalan. Dengan latar belakang permasalahan diatas, maka penulis menitik beratkan penelitian ini pada analisa efisiensi penggunaan faktor-faktor produksi pada areal yang termasuk dalam proyek intensifikasi tembakau Virginia". Pengukuran efisiensi ekonomi dilakukan melalui pendekatan rasio nilai produk marjinal dengan biaya marjinal sama dengan satu. Untuk itu dilakukan pendugaan fungsi produksi dengan menggunakan model fungsi Cobb-Douglas...
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Judul: Produksi dan pendapatan usahatani tembakau Virginia di daerah kabupaten Bojonegoro musim tanam 1979
Abstrak: Peningkatan produksi dan pendapatan petani dari usaha­tani tembakau Virginia di daerah Kabupaten Bojonegoro diusahakan dengan mulai diselenggarakannya Proyek Intensifikasi Tembakau Virginia di daerah Kabupaten Bojonegoro mulai tahun 1978 oleh PNP XIX. Menurut tingkat kemurnian bibit tembakau yang ditanam serta cara bertanamnya, usahatani tembakau Virginia di daerah Bojonegoro dikelompokkan menjadi 5 (lima) tipe usahatani yaitu 1) Tipe I Bibit dari PNP XIX, monokul tur. 2) Tipe II Bibit dari pengusaha omprongan, monokultur. 3) Tipe III Bibit dari petani, monok ultui. 4) Tipe IV Bibit dari pengusaha omprongan, tumpangsari. 5) Tipe V Bibit dari petani, tumpangsari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah : 1) Menganalisa penggunaan faktor-faktor produksi pada usahatani tembakau Virginia monokultur. 2) Menganalisa pendapatan usahatani tembakau Virginia monokultur dan tumpangsari.
Keyword: Tembakau monokultur;, Produk daun hijau;, Tembakau tumpangsari;, Bogor Agricultural University;

Judul: Seroprevalence of Chikungunya and The Risk of Transmission Transmitted Among Blood Donors In Sulawesi-Indonesia
Abstrak: Chikungunya (CHIK) is an arthritogenic alphavirus in the Togaviridae family of arboviruses with an enveloped RNA containing a positive single-stranded 11.8 kb genome. Transmission occurs through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, which are commonly found in tropical and temperate regions. Primary vertebrate hosts include monkeys and humans, in whom this virus replicates efficiently (Diallo et al. 1999). Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is known for causing acute illness, manifesting with fever, rash, and arthralgia known as Chikungunya fever (Horwood dan Buchy 2015). Despite the high number of Chikungunya cases in Indonesia, comprehensive data are lacking in CHIKV seroprevalence. Previous studies reported the median seroprevalence of anti-CHIKV antibodies in all situations 18.5%, ranging from 0.0 – 73.% (Harapan et al., 2019). However, the gap in epidemiological data of CHIKV in many regions of Indonesia including Sulawesi, is noteworthy. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of CHIKV infection among healthy individuals from North and South Sulawesi using archive samples. Additionally, an asymptomatic course of CHIKV infection and the high pre-symptomatic viral load as 108pfu/mL (Appassakij et al. 2013) suggest that the infection can threaten blood transfusion safety. Evidence of CHIKV infection among blood donors (Simmons et al. 2016) indicates transfusion-transmitted is probable, although it has not been documented (Petersen dan Epstein 2014). Our study also aimed to test the archive blood donor specimens from North Sulawesi for CHIKV IgM and viremia to determine blood safety in endemic areas. Samples were screened for anti-CHIKV IgG antibodies to determine exposure to CHIKV using an in-house IgG ELISA as previously described (Kosasih et al. 2013) with minor modifications. CHIKV IgM, a marker for recent infection and endemicity, was tested in 303 samples randomly selected from IgG-positive samples using a Euroimmun anti-CHIKV IgM ELISA kit (Luebeck, Germany) following the manufacturer’s instructions. CHIKV RNA detection was carried out using one-step-qRT-PCR. The data generated were analyzed with IBM-SPSS v20 (IBM Corporation, USA). Chi-square (χ2) test to determine significant differences between categorical variables, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. As many as 1092 serum and plasma samples were analyzed, with CHIK IgG seropositivity at 53.48% (584/1092). The results also show a statistically significant difference in the seropositive rates based on gender (58.8% male and 48.5% female) and region (53.9% South Sulawesi versus 48.7% North Sulawesi). Seropositivity increased with age; approximately half of adults between their 40s and 60s had seroconverted. Most of the participants, 304 (27.8%), were between 21-30 years. The age groups with the least participants were those >60 years and <20 years, with 93 participants each (8.5%), followed by the 51–60-years age group with 142 (13.0%) participants. In addition to IgG, the overall anti-CHIKV IgM seropositivity comprised 12.9% (39/303). A Chi-square analysis shows a statistical significance of anti-CHIKV IgM seropositivity based on gender and region with p-values (p=0.047 and p=0.038, respectively). On the contrary, there was no significant difference in anti-CHIK IgM based on age. The age group with the most participants was the 21-30 years with 19.3% (16/83), while those with the least participants were those >60 years. The current study
Keyword: Chikungunya, Serosurvey, Sulawesi, Blood donors, ELISA, qRT-PCR.