Judul: Morfologi kornea dan kejadian ulkus kornea pada anjing
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui struktur morfologi kornea hewan kesayangan, perubahan gambaran morfologi pada kasus ulkus kornea, dan kejadian ulkus kornea. Adapun manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan data dasar tentang struktur mikroskopis kornea anjing dan memberikan gambaran batas kerusakan yang mempunyai peluang untuk sembuh dan yang mengarah pada kebutaan. Sampel penelitian diperoleh dari klinik Praktek Dokter Hewan Bersama (PDHB) 24 jam dan laboratorium histologi. Sampel tersebut terdiri dari 1 bola mata kuda normal, 1 bola mata anjing dewasa normal, 1 bola mata anjing neonatal dan 5 bola mata anjing yang menderita ulkus kornea. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan metode parafın dan diwarnai dengan pewarnaan histokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kornea hewan kesayangan terdiri dari 4 lapis yang dapat dibedakan dengan jelas, yaitu epitelium, stroma, membran Descemet, dan endotelium. Lapis epitelium neonatal anjing belum sesempurna dewasa, pada dewasa lapis epitelium lebih tebal. Perbedaan gambaran histologis yang terjadi antar species lebih dikarenakan ukuran ketebalan yang ada. Ulkus kornea dapat menyebabkan kebutaan, karena kerusakan terjadi sampai dengan lapisan endotelium. Data menunjukkan bahwa kejadian ulkus kornea cukup sering terjadi pada anjing, dengan anjing Shih Tzu sebagai ras yang rentan….
Keyword: Dog, Corneal ulcer, Domestic animal, Cornea, Shih Tzu

Judul: Studi Kasus: Morfopatologi Anjing Penderita Ehrlichiosis yang Disertai Sindrom Uremia
Abstrak: Ehrlichiosis adalah penyakit infeksius dengan morbiditas tinggi yang disebabkan oleh Ehrlichia canis pada anjing. Di sini menjelaskan tentang morfopatologi anjing jenis German Sheperd dan Labrador retrivier yang menderita Ehrlichiosis disertai uremia yang dating ke Divisi Patologi, Departemen Klinik, Reproduksi, dan Patologi, IPB University. Anjing ditemukan mati dengan perdarahan hebat di seluruh subkutis dan berbagai organ, edema subkutis di semua tungkai, jaringan lidah nekrotik, dan mukosa pucat. Studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan patologi-anatomi dan histopatologi dari berbagai organ anjing sehingga diketahui perjalanan penyakit dan penyebab kematiannya. Sampel organ kedua ekor anjing meliputi jantung, paru-paru, lidah, lambung, usus, hati, limpa, dan ginjal dibuat preparat histopatologi dan diwarnai dengan pewarnaan Haematoksilin-Eosin. Hasil pemeriksaan patologi-anatomi menunjukkan kedua ekor anjing mengalami perdarahan di berbagai organ, bentuk jantung double apex, hipertrofi ventrikel kiri, chicken fat clot di ventrikel kanan dan kardiomiopati, kongesti paru-paru dan bronkitis, stomatitis ulseratif, gastritis ulseratif, enteritis mukopurulenta, hati ikterus dan kongesti, splenitis dan nefritis interstisial kronis. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi paru-paru menunjukkan bronkheolitis dengan banyak koloni bakteri dan sel radang netrofil, serta nefritis interstitialis kronis dengan glomerulopati. Kardiomiopati menyebabkan kegagalan jantung yang berakibat kongesti pada seluruh organ. Kematian pada kedua ekor anjing ini disebabkan sepsis, kegagalan fungsi organ terutama jantung, hemoragik shok, dan uremia.
Keyword: anjing, ehrlichiosis, histopatologi, patologi anatomi, uremia

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable