Judul: Kendali Mutu Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) menggunakan Fotometer Jinjing dengan Analisis Kemometrik
Abstrak: Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) is widely used herb in Indonesia. The complex composition of the herbal extract requires quality control in the evaluation. This study aimed to develop portable photometer as a quality control device for temulawak rhizome age 9 months based on quality diversity of stem rhizome and branch rhizome that was combined with pattern recognition techniques (PCA & PLSDA) and compare the result of the analysis with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. PCA analysis on portable photometer data with 8 filters was able to classify stem rhizome and branch rhizome with just 2 main components. Curcuminoid content of stem rhizome was higher than the branch rhizome in plant 2, 4, and 8, and its grouping was in accordance with PCA analysis result using 3 filters (blue-green, green-yellow, and yellow) only on stem fresh rhizome samples. The grouping formed a PLSDA model with plant 2, 4, and 8 were in group A and the curcuminoid content fell into that respective range. It indicates that portable photometer as an alternative instrument cannot provide quantitative results based on differences of stem and branch rhizomes, but fairly informative in grouping stem rhizome and branch rhizome.
Keyword: temulawak, quality control, portable photometer, curcuminoid, chemometric

Judul: Evaluasi Kadar Kurkuminoid Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthoriza Roxb.) Menggunakan Analisis Citra Berbasis Red Green Blue
Abstrak: Turmeric (Curcuma xanthoriza Roxb.) is one of the important natural product in Indonesia. Quality of turmeric is dictated by content of curcuminoid. The curcuminoid content could be determined by spectrophotometry, titration volumetry, or chromatography, but those analytical methods are destructive to the material and need long time. One of rapid and nondestrucive method is image analysis. The objectives of this research were to evaluate content of curcuminoid using image analysis based on red green blue (RGB). Picture taking for image analysis was using USB Digital Microscope with enlargement 800x and curcuminoids were measured using spectrophotometry Uv-Vis at wavelength of 420 nm. The data showed that RGB value is equivalent with the content of curcuminoid. The result can be used as parameter to differentiate turmeric with harvest age 3, 6, and 9 months. The obtained equation of predicted content of curcuminoid is y = - 0,22 - 0,0062 R + 0,0643 G - 0,0330 B, R² = 96,1%.
Keyword: turmeric., RGB, curcuminoid, image analysis

Judul: Basis of Social Theories for Social Enterprises: Integrative Literature Review
Abstrak: Social enterprise is a hybrid organization aiming to achieve economic and social values that exist as an effective mechanism for creating value in the form of society, economy and environment. The development of social enterprise is considered to have contributed in increasing innovation as well as being a mechanism for ensuring economic development that is in line with social justice. However, the development of theory and study of social enterprise is still lagging behind in practice. The social enterprise conception is a conception that is still considered as a "young term" category in the social sciences and has not shown clear consistency linking social theories to the development of social enterprise. This study aims to identify the basic theories of social enterprise and social theories for social enterprise with used an integrated literature review approach with data sources from Scopus and ProQuest. The results of the study found that socio-economic theory is the basis for social enterprise theory. This study also found the linkages of 7 social theories for social enterprise and the mapping of social theory architecture for social enterprise which is studied on classical and contemporary social theories.
Keyword: integrative literature review, social economic, social enterprise, social theory