Judul: The Difference of Eel’s Green Fluorescent Protein in Glass Eel Phase
Abstrak: Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) merupakan protein yang dapat berpendar pada makhluk hidup. GFP yang berikatan dengan bilirubin dapat membuat tubuh sidat berpendar hijau apabila diberi cahaya biru. Dasar pengetahuan ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu solusi alternatif dalam penyortiran, penghitungan dan identifikasi spesies glass eel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan metode konversi data yang tepat dalam pengolahan data GFP pada glass eel dan mengidentifikasi perkembangan warna pendar GFP pada glass eel. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium dengan metode eksperimental. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis statistik dengan uji H Kruskal Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fitur Plot profle pada perangkat lunak ImageJ merupakan metode konversi data yang tepat dalam pengolahan data GFP glass eel. Fitur ini menghasilkan nilai deviasi standar dan kesalahan standar dalam rentang 2,83 - 19,43 dan 1,27-8,69 kedua nilai tersebut lebih kecil dari nilai yang dihasilkan fitur Measure dan fitur Histogram. Terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antar data GFP pada ketiga fitur Measure, Plot profile dan Histogram dalam kurun waktu 30 hari (P < 0,05, uji H Kruskal-Wallis). Pergerakan perkembangan data GFP ketiga fitur tersebut berfluktuasi dengan kecenderungan meningkat seiring bertambahnya waktu pemeliharaan glass eel., Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) is a protein that can glow in living things. GFP which binds to bilirubin can make the body of the eel glows green when given the blue light. This knowledge base can be used as an alternative solution for sorting, counting, identifying species of glass eels. This study aims to determine the appropriate data conversion method in the processing of GFP data and to identify the development of GFP glow color on glass eels. The study was conducted in the laboratory using experimental methods. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis and Kruskal-Wallis H test analysis. The results showed that the Plot Profile feature in ImageJ software was an appropriate data conversion method for processing GFP glass eel data. This feature generates standard deviation and standard error values in the ranges 2.83-19.43 and 1.27- 8.69. Both are smaller than values generated by the Measure and Histogram feature. There were significant differences between GFP data on three processing Measure, Plot profile and Histogram features within 30 days (P<0.05, Kruskal-Wallis H test). The movement of the GFP data development for these three features fluctuated with a tendency to increase as the accruing upkeeping time of glass eels.
Keyword: GFP, Glass Eel, Konversi, Pengolahan, Perkembangan, conversion, development, GFP, glass eel, processing

Judul: Transfer Gen Green Fluorescent Protein Terhadap Embrio Ikan Cupang Betta splendens Melalui Metode Transfeksi dan Elektroporasi
Abstrak: Transfeksi dan elektroporasi merupakan metode yang berpeluang tinggi berhasil digunakan untuk transfer gen pada telur ikan yang berukuran kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan keberhasilan metode transfeksi dan elektroporasi, serta menentukan konsentrasi DNA dalam elektroporasi pada transfer gen GFP melalui embrio ikan cupang (Betta splendens). Ikan cupang dipijahkan secara alami dengan perbandingan jantan:betina adalah 1:1, kemudian telur diambil sebanyak 200 butir/perlakuan. Transfeksi dilakukan pada embrio fase pembelahan 2 sel selama 30 menit (suhu ruang sekitar 25 ℃) dengan menggunakan transfast. Larutan transfeksi terdiri atas 0,75 μL transfast : 0,25 mL GFP solution (konsentrasi DNA: 50 μg μL-1) dan 99 μL larutan NaCl (konsentrasi: 0,9%). Elektroporasi dilakukan menggunakan program kejut 125 Volt cm-1, pulse frequency 3x, pulse length 7 mikrodetik, dan interval 1 detik. Plasmid DNA pMBA-GFP (konsentrasi DNA: 30 μg μL-1 dan 50 μg μL-1) dan phosphate buffer saline (PBS) dicampur hingga mencapai volume akhir 800 μL pada kuvet elektroporasi. Keberhasilan transfer gen dianalisis menggunakan metode PCR dengan primer spesifik GFP. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian derajat penetasan masing-masing perlakuan (T,TK, E30, E50, EK+, dan EK-) yaitu adalah 67,08%; 68,75%; 73,43%; 70,75%; 72,89%; dan 73,56%. Kelangsungan hidup masing-masing perlakuan berturut-turut adalah 73,50%; 77,14%; 72,33%; 76,67%; 73,30%; dan 69,68%. Deteksi gen GFP masing-masing perlakuan berturut-turut adalah 60,00%; 0,00%; 80,00%; 66,67%; 0,00%; dan 0,00%. Dengan demikian, metode transfeksi dan elektroporasi berhasil digunakan dalam transfer gen GFP pada embrio ikan cupang, serta konsentrasi DNA dalam elektroporasi pada transfer gen GFP melalui embrio ikan cupang adalah 30 μg μL-1.
Keyword: elektroporasi, embrio, ikan cupang, transfeksi, transfer gen

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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