Judul: Pengembangan Keswadayaan Kelompok Usaha Simpan Pinjam Sebagai Strategi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (Studi Kasus di RW IV Kwaluhan, Kelurahan Kertosari, Kabupaten Temanggung, Propinsi Jawa Tengah)
Abstrak: One of poverty caused is the limited accessing to financial resources. Empowerment strategy to overcome limitation access through group approach as Rotating Saving and Credit Assosiation (Kelompok Usaha Simpan Pinjam- KUSP). But that way, caused by management, participate of member and partner in effort factor, KUSP have experienced of resistance in developing capacity of self-help support to fulfill financial need of members. Objective of this study is to extend understanding self-help supporting of KUSP, resistance and support factors of self-help supporting, identify opportunity to develop self-help supporting and compile of strategy can be conducted to develop KUSP. As a result of research show that self-help supporting of KUSP, include administrative, managerial and financial autonomy still require to be developed in order to fulfill member`s need and aspiration. In administrative autonomy aspect: 1) Orientation of programs compiled at interest of leader to lessen risk and refraining from burden and difficulty work; 2) In substance, programs compiled do not cover effort of trouble-shooting and service development. In managerial autonomy aspect: 1) Job description not been done clearly. There are inappropriate between job and manager responsibility; 2) Capacity to repay and it`s interest is have been fluenting; 3) Audit is formality. In financial autonomy aspect show: 1) Sources of asset still limited of elementary and obligatory deposit; 2) Asset growth of KUSP ill assorted with credit requirement member; 3) KUSP have capital deficiency to fulfill credit requirement of members. The resistance factors of self-help supporting are: 1) Lack of motivation, knowledge and manegerial skill; 2) Lack of members participation in objectives and activity determination to develop services; 3) KUSP have any network with government and the financial institution. Opportunity to move forward KUSP can be conducted by: 1) Lingkage building with programs of community development from Badan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa (Badan PMD) and Kantor Pelayanan Koperasi dan UKM which conduct of management education and training for credit institution in community; 2) Carrying out saving outside of elementary and obligatory deposit; 3) Change deviden (Sisa Hasil Usaha) pattern from pursuant to amount of deposit become the level of service given by a members to increase of member participate; 4) Build networking with Bank Pasar Temanggung to fulfill the capital requirement. Goal of self-help supporting development program of KUSP is to realize self-reliance, so that can give service to member and community in fulfilling need of economic and social aspect sustainability. It`s reached by applying Verhagen self-help supporting development instrument partisipatively, include identification of participant, partisipatory research and planning, education and mutual training, resources mobilization, management consultation, build networking, movement and extension building, monitoring and self going evaluation.
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Judul: Penguatan Kelembagaan Usaha Ekonomi Desa Simpan Pinjam Dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal di Desa Koto Teluk Kecamatan Hamparan Rawang Kabupaten Kerinci Provinsi Jambi
Abstrak: Lembaga Keuangan Mikro (LKM) telah lama menjadi sarana untuk mengembangkan ekonomi rakyat dan memberdayakan rakyat kecil, disamping itu LKM merupakan salah satu pendekatan dalam menanggulangi kemiskinan, karena dapat berfungsi sebagai lembaga yang menyediakan berbagai jasa keuangan, untuk kegiatan produktif maupun konsumtif bagi keluarga miskin. Usaha Ekonomi Desa Simpan Pinjam sebagai salah satu lembaga keuangan mikro di Desa Koto Teluk belum mampu menjawab kebutuhan masyarakat akan bantuan modal usaha. Tujuan kajian ini adalah menganalisis kondisi ekonomi lokal dan potensi pengembangannya, menganalisis kapasitas kelembagaan UED-SP baik pengurus maupun Anggota UED-SP, dan menganalisis performa kelembagaan UED-SP, serta merumuskan strategi dan program penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan UEDSP dalam pengembangan ekonomi lokal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah; pengamatan berpartisipasi, studi dokumentasi, wawancara mendalam dan focus group discussion (FGD). Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap kegiatan, yaitu pemetaan sosial, evaluasi program pengembangan masyarakat dan kajian pengembangan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Desa Koto Teluk memiliki potensi sumberdaya alam, sumber daya manusia dan kelembagaan yang jika dimanfaatkan atau dikembangkan secara optimal akan dapat menjadi energi untuk memberdayakan ekonomi lokal. Dalam rangka penguatan kelembagaan UED-SP guna pengembangan ekonomi lokal, UED-SP mengalami permasalahan yaitu: kurangnya pemahaman dan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang UED-SP, manajemen kelembagaan belum optimal, modal usaha yang masih terbatas, dan kurangnya ketrampilan anggota dalam pengembangan usaha-usaha baru yang potensial. Penyusunan strategi dan program dilakukan bersama-sama dengan masyarakat melalui diskusi kelompok dengan tahap -tahap : Identifikasi potensi dan permasalahan, Indentifikasi faktor intern al (kekuatan dan kelemahan), Identifikasi faktor eksternal (peluang dan ancaman), Analisis matrik SWOT, Penyusunan strategi dan rancangan program. Strategi dan program penguatan kelembagaan UED-SP yang dilaksanakan di Desa Koto Teluk adalah sebagai berikut: Penguatan Norma Lembaga Kepada Masyarakat, Penataan Manajemen UED-SP, Peningkatan Modal Usaha, Peningkatan Ketrampilan Usaha Ekonomis Produktif Anggota
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Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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