Judul: Nanopropolis as proliferation’s inhibitory breast cancer MCF-7 cells.
Abstrak: Kanker payudara merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi pada wanita. Pengobatan yang digunakan untuk menyembuhkan kanker payudara saat ini adalah kemoterapi, akan tetapi terdapat efek samping yang ditimbulkan antara lain mual, kerontokan rambut, dan hilangnya nafsu makan. Salah satu alternatif pengobatan herbal yang berpotensi dalam penyembuhan kanker payudara adalah propolis. Propolis merupakan substansi dari tanaman yang dikumpulkan oleh lebah madu Trigona spp. Propolis memiliki sifat yang sukar larut di dalam air. Oleh karena itu, propolis dikemas menggunakan teknologi nanopartikel, dengan harapan kelarutan propolis di dalam air semakin baik, sehingga propolis dalam bentuk nanopartikel diharapkan lebih efektif dalam menghambat proliferasi sel kanker payudara dibandingkan dengan ekstrak propolis (non nanopartikel). Efektifitas nanopropolis diuji secara in vitro dengan menggunakan teknologi kultur sel kanker payudara MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7) dengan metode MTT-assay (3[4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il]-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromida). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nanopropolis lebih efektif menghambat proliferasi sel MCF-7 dibandingkan ekstrak propolis (non nanopartikel). Persentasi sel hidup yang diberi perlakuan nanopropolis pada konsentrasi 50 ppm adalah sebesar 15%.
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Judul: Pembuatan nanopropolis asal indonesia sebagai bahan antikanker payudara
Abstrak: Propolis is a honeybee product that is useful for self-protection, especially from invading microorganisms and temperature changes outside the beehive. Today, the term drug dosage propolis is extracted from beehives called raw honey or propolis. Raw propolis can not be used directly, so it is necessary that the process of extracting propolis is a mixture of active ingredients using organic solvents. The active ingredients of propolis were flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids and triterpenoids. Raw propolis is extracted by 70% ethanol to obtain propolis flavonoid-containing components of raw propolis as a whole and separate from the balm. There have been many studies using maceration extraction, but the combination of maceration and heating by microwaves has not been done. Therefore, the process of separation of propolis from the beehive (raw propolis) by using maceration and microwave heating was undertaken in this study. Many studies have shown that β-cyclodextrin can be used as a coating agent active ingredient in the drug manufacturing process. Circular shape consisted of seven glucose monomers, β-cyclodextrin can be inserted and bind the active ingredient in various side active. With the inclusion of the active ingredient in β- cyclodextrin group then expected release of the active ingredient will be much slower than the free active ingredient. Therefore, the inclusion of propolis research on β-cyclodextrin, so that the active ingredient in propolis out of filler slowly. To make the coating process of propolis more effectiveing the process was carried out by a high speed homogenizer. Therefore, this research was undertaken propolis inclusion in β-cyclodextrin using inclusion, resolubility and stabilisation with high speed homogenization as processing aid. With the inclusion, resolubility and stabilisation process was expected that there were active ingredient of propolis is adsorbed molecule β-cyclodextrin and particle size reduction occurs. In addition, the amount of propolis and β-cyclodextrin is used in the process of shaking on the inclusion process may be a factor in the rate of inclusion process, so there are differences in the amount of active ingredient present in propolis adsorbed in β-cyclodextrin. Adsorbed amount of active ingredient and the ability to withstand damage due to the active ingredient high speed could be demonstrated by the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation activity of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7). Nanopropolis preparation process was performed by inclusion, resolubility and stabilitation with high speed homogenization (22000 rpm) at the process of making nanoparticles. The first stage times were 20, 30 and 40 mins, the second times were 20, 30 and 40 mins, and the third times were 10, 20 and 30 mins. Nanopropolis were researched their particle distribution and effectiveness as an anticancer ingredient. The data obtained were analyzed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to determine the best conditions for making nanopropolis. At the best conditions (of the inclusion process) then undertaken nanopropolis preparation with propolis and variable number of β-cyclodextrin. The results were tested on the inhibition of proliferation of MCF-7 cancer cells and performed the statistical analysis with the RSM to determine the best conditions for making nanopropolis. Further efficacy testing was carried out using test animals nanopropolis female white rats
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Judul: The impact and contribution of the tourism sector to the Indonesian economy : an I-O and SAM approach
Abstrak: Tourism is an important and strategic sector for the Indonesian economy. The sector has been growing for the last two decades to enhance its contribution to the GDP, employment, regional, local economy, and to strengthen the balance of payment. In particular, a planned economy was introduced to provide substantial opportunities to utilize tourism as a mechanism for national development. As a service-based sector, tourism as also considered to be a vehicle of converting the manufacturing economy to a service economy which makes the delivery of the product rather than the creation of the product the most important thing.
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