Judul: Characteristic of paddy soil reaction and mud to the pressure of metal sheet
Abstrak: Data of plat penetration resistance on paddy soil is needed for designing a lugged wheel for hand tractors operated in paddy fields. This study aimed to measure and analyze the soil resistance to plate penetration in a paddy field and wet soil in a soil bin. Plate penetration resistance measurements were carried out in a paddy field at two positions, namely 1) in between the paddy stumps, and 2) on the stumps. Measurements were also conducted on a soil bin filled with mud. Measurements used a penetrometer fitted with plates sizing 5 cm × 5 cm, 5 cm × 10 cm, 5 cm × 15 cm, and 5 cm × 20 cm. Penetration angle was varied on 30⁰, 45⁰, 60⁰, 75⁰, and 90⁰. The measurement results showed that the plate penetration resistance increased linearly as the penetration depth increased. Plate penetration resistance on the paddy stump was higher than the penetration resistance in between the paddy stumps. Penetration angle of 75⁰ gave the greatest penetration resistance. The rate of increase in soil penetration resistance in the soil bin is lower than in the paddy field. In the soil bin, penetration angle of 30⁰ gave the greatest penetration resistance. In paddy soil, the highest penetration resistance was achieved when using the plate size of 5 cm x 20 cm, and the penetration angle of 75⁰.
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Judul: Prediksi Kedalaman Ketenggelaman Roda Traktor Roda-4 pada Tanah Sawah Berdasarkan Hasil Uji Geser Langsung
Abstrak: Paddy soil tillage in Indonesia is still employed by human power, animal power, and hand tractor which requires more time so that resulting low capacity, whereas the use of four-wheel tractor is relatively little. In application, agricultural mechanization causes reciprocal relationship between soil and tractor. Reqiurements in the application of four-wheel tractors on soil tillage are such the ground pressure must be smaller than soil shear strength and sinkage must be smaller than ground clearance of tractor. In this research, estimation of sinkage determined based on direct shear test on undisturbed soil and disturbed soil. The results shows that increasing water content results in declining soil cohesion and soil shear strength. It leads to bigger sinkage. Analysis of using undisturbed soil produces smallest sinkage in SS location dominated by clay fraction with 0.33- 5.49 cm on soil cohesion 0.282-0.397 kgf/cm2 andbiggest sinkage is in S-14 location dominated by the silt fraction with higger than tractor ground clearance (35.5 cm) and soil cohesion 0.011-0.029 kgf/cm2. Based on the predicted results, four-wheel tractor can only operate in location SS and L-18.
Keyword: direct shear test, paddy soil, four-wheel tractor, Sinkage

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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