Judul: The Effect of Local Nylon Bag Types in Manufacture The Degradation of Ration In Sacco
Abstrak: Metode in sacco mengukur laju degradasi bahan pakan menggunakan kantong nilon pada sapi berfistula rumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan bahan lokal pada pembuatan kantong nilon untuk penelitian in sacco sebagai alternatif kantong Ankom impor. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan enam jenis bahan kantong nilon (Abutai, Tafetta, Organza, N57, M100 dan Ankom). Tiga periode inkubasi digunakan sebagai kelompok: masing-masing periode terdiri dari 0,3,6,12,24,48 dan 72 jam inkubasi. Kinetika degradasi (kelarutan (a), potensi degradasi (b), laju degradasi (c) dan degradasi teoritis (DE)) diduga menggunakan hasil degradasi serial tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kantong yang digunakan secara signifikan (P<0,05) mempengaruhi degradasi bahan kering (DBK) dan organik (DBO) ransum. Degradasi ransum menggunakan kantong nilon Abutai, Tafetta dan N57 mirip dengan kantong Ankom. Koefisien b dari DBK dan DBO tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) antar perlakuan meskipun N57 memiliki porositas lebih tinggi dari Ankom, namun menghasilkan kinetika degradasi yang hampir sama. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kantong nilon Abutai, Tafetta dan N57 dapat menggantikan Ankom pada ujidegradasi in sacco ransum sapi perah. Kata kunci: degradasi pakan, in sacco,laju degradasi pakan, porositas, rumen fistula, In sacco method measures the rate of degradation of feed ingredients using nylon bags in rumen fistulated cattle. This study aims to determine the use of local bag material in the in- sacco study as an alternative to imported Ankom bags. A randomized block design was used in this study with six types of nylon bag materials (Abutai, Tafetta, Organza, N57, M100 and Ankom). Three periods of incubation were used as the block; each consisted of 0,3,6,12,24,48 and 72 hours of incubation. Degradation kinetics (solubility (a), degradation potential (b), rate of degradation (c) and theoretical degradation (DE) were estimated using the serial degradation results. The results showed that the type of bag used significantly (P<0,05) affected the DMD and OMD rations. Ration degradation using Abutai, Tafetta and N57 nylon bags was similar to the Ankom bags. The b coefficient of DMD and OMD was not significantly (P>0,05) different between the treatments. Even though the N57 has a higher porosity than Ankom, it produced similar degradation kinetics.This study concluded that Abutai, Tafetta and N57 nylon bags could substitute Ankom nylon bags for in sacco degradation testing of dairy cattle ration. Keyword: Feed degradation, in sacco, rate of degradation, porosity, rumen
Keyword: feed degradation, in sacco, rate of degradation, pororisty, rumen fistulous

Judul: The Effect of Bag Porosity on Forage Degradation In Sacco
Abstrak: Pengukuran degradasi suatu bahan pakan di dalam rumen sapi berfistula atau in sacco merupakan suatu metode pendugaan kecernaan menggunakan kantong nilon. Hingga saat ini, kantong nilon yang digunakan masih impor dan mahal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bahan kain nilon di Indonesia (lokal) yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan kantong pengganti kantong nilon impor. Sebanyak 5 jenis kantong nilon lokal (Taffeta, Abutai, N57, M100 dan Organza) dengan pembanding kantong nilon impor (Ankom), diukur porositas untuk mengukur degradasi bahan kering (DBK) dan degradasi bahan organik (DBO) rumput gajah dengan waktu inkubasi 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 dan 72 jam di dalam rumen sapi perah berfistula. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan menggunakan 4 frekuensi inkubasi di dalam rumen sebagai kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa porositas dan degradasi antar kantong berbeda nyata. Taffeta dan Abutai memiliki porositas, degradasi, dan laju rumput gajah yang terdegradasi baik DBK maupun DBO mendekati Ankom. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kantong nilon produk lokal Taffeta dan Abutai dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti kantong nilon impor (Ankom) dalam penelitian in sacco., Measuring the degradation of a feed ingredient in the rumen of fistulous cattle or in sacco is a method of predicting digestibility using nylon bags. Until now, the nylon bags used are still imported and expensive. This study aims to identify nylon fabrics in Indonesia (locally) that can be used as a substitute for imported. nylon bags by measuring the porosity and degradation of elephant grass. A total of 5 types of local nylon bags (Taffeta, Abutai, N57, M100 and Organza) with comparison of imported nylon bags (Ankom), their porosity was measured to measure dry matter degradation (DMD) and organic matter degradation (OMD) of elephant grass with time incubation 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours in the rumen of a fistulous dairy cow. This study used a randomized block design using 4 incubation frequencies in the rumen as a group. The results showed that the porosity and degradation between bags were significantly different. Taffeta and Abutai have porosity, degradation and the rate of degraded elephant grass both DMD and OMD similar Ankom. From this research, it can be concluded that the nylon bag import (Ankom) has been used for research, can be used to replace the nylon bags local brand Taffeta and Abutai.
Keyword: Ankom, feed degradation, in sacco, porosity, rumen fistulous

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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