Judul: Combination Gel of Turmeric Extract Nanoparticles (Curcuma domestica Val.) and Gamat Gel to The Incised Rats, Combination Gel of Turmeric Extract Nanoparticles (Curcuma domestica Val.) and Gamat Gel to The Incised Rats
Abstrak: Luka terbuka akibat irisan benda tajam akan membuat jaringan kulit berkontak dengan lingkungan sehingga dapat terjadi infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas gel kombinasi nanopartikel ekstrak kunyit dan gel gamat pada proses penyembuhan luka insisi tikus. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol negatif, kontrol positif (Centella asiatica) dan kelompok terapi gel kombinasi nanopartikel ekstrak kunyit dan gamat (0.5%, 1%, dan 2%). Terapi diberikan secara topikal, satu kali sehari, hingga luka tertutup. Pengamatan patologi anatomi luka diamati selama 21 hari. Kesembuhan luka diukur melalui parameter percepatan penutupan luka dan pengurangan tanda radang. Parameter diukur dengan memberikan skoring. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan luka insisi pada tikus menutup sempurna pada semua sediaan yang diberikan dan menunjukkan waktu penyembuhan lebih cepat daripada tidak diberikan obat luka. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa gel kombinasi nanopartikel ekstrak kunyit dan gel gamat 2% memiliki potensi paling baik dalam menyembuhkan luka. Kata kunci: gamat, gel, nanopartikel ekstrak kunyit, penyembuhan luka., An open wound caused by a sharp cut will make the skin tissue in contact with the environment and infect the wound. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the combination of gamat extract gel and turmeric extract nanoparticles in the healing process of rat’s cut wound. This study used 30 white rats which were divided into 5 groups. The treatment group consisted of negative control, positive control (Centella asiatica) and combination therapy group of nanoparticle extract turmeric and gamat gel therapy (0.5%, 1%, and 2%). The treatments were applied topically, once daily, until the wound’s closed. Anatomical pathology of the wound were observed every day for 21 days. Wound healing was measured through the parameters of accelerating wound closure and reducing inflammation. Parameters were measured by giving a score. The results of this study showed that the rat’s wound closed completely on all preparation and also showed that the healing time was faster than those not given wound medication. These results indicated that combination gel of turmeric extract nanoparticles and gamat extract gel 2% have the best potential in healing wounds. Keywords: gamat extract, gel, turmeric extract nanoparticles, wound healing.
Keyword: gamat extract, gel, turmeric extract nanoparticles, wound healing

Judul: Test the Effectiveness of the Combination Gel of Turmeric Nanoparticles and Sea Cucumber: Histopathological Study of Skin Incision Wound Healing
Abstrak: Luka adalah terputusnya kontinuitas jaringan kulit. Luka akan menimbulkan rasa tidak nyaman pada penderitanya. Penelitian ini adalah bagian dari uji pendahuluan untuk mengevaluasi aplikasi kombinasi gel nanopartikel ekstrak kunyit dan jeli gamat untuk proses penyembuhan luka sayat pada tikus Sprague-Dawley berdasarkan pengamatan mikroskopis. Kulit 10 ekor tikus jantan disayat pada bagian punggung. Perlakuan dibagi menjadi lima kelompok yaitu, kontrol negatif (P0), gel kombinasi 0,5% (P1), 1%(P2), 2% (P3), dan kontrol positif (P4). Pengobatan dilakukan setiap hari selama seminggu. Secara histopatologi, spesimen diwarnai dengan Hematoksilin-Eosin untuk mengamati struktur kulit dan AE1/AE3 untuk melihat ekspresi sitokeratin. Pengamatan dievaluasi pada hari ke-2 dan ke-7 pasca perlukaan. Parameter histopatologi yang diamati adalah keropeng, epitelisasi, dan neovaskularisasi. Data disajikan secara deskriptif melalui foto. Hasil pengobatan luka gel kombinasi hari ke-2 dan ke-7 menunjukkan luka mengalami penyembuhan. Penyembuhan pada luka yang diobati dengan gel kombinasi konsentrasi 0,5% paling baik dibandingkan pengobatan konsentrasi lainnya., Wound is a break in the continuity of skin tissue. The wound will cause discomfort in the sufferer. This study is part of a preliminary test to evaluate the application of a combination of turmeric extract nanoparticle and jelly gamat for the wound healing process in Sprague-Dawley rats based on microscopic observations. The skins of 10 male rats were cut 3 cm left lateral area. The treatments were divided into five groups namely, negative control (P0), 0,5% gel combination (P1), 1% (P2), 2% (P3), and positive control (P4). Treatment was given everyday in a week. Histopathologically, the specimens were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin to observe the skin structure and AE1 / AE3 to observe cytokeratin expression. The observations were evaluated on the second and seventh days post-injury. The histopathological parameters observed were scab, epithelial formation, and neovascularization. Data were presented descriptively through light microscope. The results of wound treatment on second and seventh day showed that the wound had a healing process. Healing of wounds treated with a 0.5% combination gel is the best among other consentration of treatment.
Keyword: jelly gamat, microscopic, turmeric, wound healing

Judul: Analysis of Unequal Income Distribution with Cobb-Douglas Production Function
Abstrak: This paper studies the economic growth model by Moav (2002). Moav model shows the existence of unequal income distribution between low-income with high-income community. That kind of unequal income distribution is caused by uneven distribution of income. On this Moav model, there is one area called the threshold. Threshold becomes a benchmark to determining whether a society is categorized into low- or high- income community. The production function used in this paper is the Cobb-Douglas function. The dynamics of this model is described as difference equation of low-income, threshold, and high-income community. Simulation study on the model is carried out using Maple 13 and Mathematica 7.0 software. Overall, from the observed case, high-income community will reach a stable condition earlier, followed by the threshold, and then the low-income community.
Keyword: