Judul: Perubahan Konsentrasi Larutan Gula pada Dehidrasi Osmotik Irisan Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kebutuhan Daya Pengadukan
Abstrak: During osmotic dehydration, water leaving the product may dilute the osmotic solution, especially for conditions having low product solution ratio. The main objectives of this study were to obtain the characteristic of sugar solution concentration during osmotic dehydration of mango and its effect on stirring power requirement. Solution concentration used in this study was 61o brix. Three level of solution temperature, i.e 30 oC, 40 oC, 50 oC and three levels of stirring speed, i.e 100 rpm, 300 rpm and 500 rpm were used as the process variables. Stirring speed and high temperature solution will increase the water loss, while the final moisture content of the sample will be lower. Highest water loss by 70% and the lowest final moisture content of 35.3% wb occur at 30oC temperature treatment and stirring speed 500 rpm. Solid gain at high stirring speed increased temperatures 30oC (4.59%), 40oC (7.92%) and 50oC (11.9%), while the solid gain with medium and low stirring speed did not increase. High stirring speed (500 rpm) at a temperature of 30oC solution, 40oC and 50oC produces Reynolds number greater than the low (100 rpm) and medium (300 rpm) stirring speed for 8 hours. The decresing osmotic solution concentration due to the water leaving the mango during the osmotic process provided the reduction solution viscosity. These conditions caused in the stirring rotation speed increased, so the need for stirrer motor power decreased during the osmotic dehydration process.
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Judul: Rekonsentrasi Larutan Gula pada Proses Dehidrasi Osmotik Irisan Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) dengan Teknik Distilasi
Abstrak: Osmotic dehydration (OD) involves the immersion of fruits in concentrated sugar solutions, where both partial dehydration of the tissue and solid uptake take place. During the dehydration process, the concentration of sugar solution will decrease because the water loss of fruits. Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) with ultrafiltration membrane PP (polypropylene) was used to reconcentrated sugar solution on the osmotic dehydration of mango (Indramayu variety). Variables used were the concentration of solution at 30, 35, 40 oBx and cold temperatures permeate membrane at 5, 10, 15 OC for 480 minutes with the membrane feed temperature at 50 OC. The results showed that the concentration of sugar solution increased the rate of water loss, solids gain, mass and volume shrinkage. Temperature differences between feed and permeate also lead to increased flux membranes. Flux membrane and water loss in mango were measurement of determine the optimal ratio of product : sugar solution on the osmotic dehydration (w/w). Permeate flux obtained in this study was 0.051-0136 l/m2h. Osmotic dehydration with initial concentration 40 oBx will decrease to 35.6 oBx, while reconcentration using DCMD show the concentration 38.8 oBx. The concentration degree (CD) of membrane DCMD was 96.5%, indicating the effective of the process sugar solution reconcentration.
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Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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