Judul: Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Sheep and Goat Fed Gamal Leaves with Various Processing Methods (Quantitative Study)
Abstrak: Pengaruh penambahan daun gamal dalam ransum domba dan kambing terhadap peforma dan kecernaan memiliki hasil beragam. Studi kuantitatif dilakukan untuk mengkaji hubungan level pemberian daun gamal dalam ransum domba dan kambing terhadap peforma dan kecernaan ternak dengan model regresi non-linear sederhana. Sebanyak 28 artikel jurnal nasional dan internasional terkait penggunaan daun gamal pada ternak domba dan kambing digunakan sebagai sumber data pada kajian ini. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2010 dan IBM SPSS 25. Hasil studi kuantitatif menunjukkan penambahan daun gamal dalam bentuk tepung pada ransum domba nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan konsumsi bahan kering (KBK) ransum dan pertambahan bobot badan (PBB). Penambahan daun gamal dalam bentuk silase pada ransum domba tidak nyata (P>0,10) meningkatkan PBB, KBK ransum, efisiensi pakan, kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK), dan kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO). Pada kambing penambahan daun gamal dalam bentuk tepung ransum kambing tidak nyata (P>0,10) PBB, efisiensi pakan, KcBK, dan KcBO. Penambahan daun gamal dalam bentuk silase ransum pada kambing nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan KcBO ransum, tidak nyata (P>0,10) mempengaruhi PBB, KBK, efisiensi pakan, dan KcBK. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa level optimum penggunaan daun gamal dalam bentuk tepung untuk ransum domba adalah sebesar 77,76%., The effect of utilizing gliricidia leaves on sheep and goats’ performance and digestibility has various results. This review aimed to quantitatively study the relationship among performance, digestibility, and level of gliricidia leaves used in small ruminant feed with a simple non-linear regression model. A total of 28 national and international journal articles related to the use of Gamal leaves in sheep and goats were used as data sources in this study Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS ver.25. The result showed feeding gliricidia leaves meal to sheep increased (P<0,05) dry matter (DM) intake and body weight gain (BWG). Feeding gliricidia leaves silage to sheep did not have a significant effect (P>0,10) on BWG, DM intake, efficiency, DM digestibility, and organic matter (OM) digestibility. Feeding gliricidia leaves meals to goats did not have a significant effect (P>0,10) on BWG, efficiency, DM and OM digestibility. Feeding gliricidia leaves silage to goat increased (P<0,05) on OM digestibility, but not a significant effect (P>0,10) on BWG, DM intake, efficiency, and DM digestibility. The optimum level of gliricidia leaves meal on sheep is 77.76%.
Keyword: goats, gliricidia leaves, performance, sheep

Judul: Effects of Urea-Amoniation, Hydrolyzed Poultry Feather, Cassava Leaves, and Mixture of Lysine-Zinc-Lemuru Fish Oil on Feed Utilization in Ruminants.
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluai penggunaan amoniasi urea pada rumput gajah, hidrolisat bulu ayam sebagai sumber asam amino bersulfur, daun singkong sebagai asam amino bercabang, dan penggunaan campuran lisin-Zn-minyak lemuru sebagai modulator pencernaan rumen dan pascarumen. Penelitian dilakukan dua tahap dengan Iima perlakuan ransum yang dicobakan, sebagai berikut: A= 40% rumput gajah (RG)+ 60% konsentrat (K), B = 40% amoniasi urea RG + 60% K, C = B + 3% hidrolisat bulu ayam, D = C + 15% daun singkong, dan .E = D + 1.06% campuran lisin-Zn-minyak lemuru. Percobaan pertama menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pada 20 ekor kambing Peranakan Etawah dengan bobot hidup berkisar antara 13 sampai 29 kg. Percobaan kedua mengunakan rancangan bujur sangkar latin 5 x 5 pada sapi perah laktasi. Amoniasi urea rumput gajah dan hidrolisat bulu ayam menurunkan konsumsi bahan kering ransum pada kambing Peranakan Etawah, namun pengaruhnya pada sapi perah tidak berbeda nyata. Hidrolisat bulu ayam meningkatkan (P<0.05) kecernaan bahan organik (71.69 vs 74.35 %) dan produksi susu sapi perah laktasi (12.36 vs 13.47 kg/hari). Daun singkong meningkatkan konsumsi bahan kering ransum (329 vs 402 g/hari), retensi N (7.71 vs 9.30 g/hari) dan rata-rata pertambahan bobo hidup harian kambing Peranakan Etawah (68.45 vs 89.29 g/hari). Campuran lisin-Zn-minyak lemuru berkecenderungan meningkatkan rata-rata pertambahan bobot hidup, menurunkan kadar lemak tubuh, dan kadar kolesterol serum darah pada kambing Peranakan Etawah, serta meningkatkan produksi, kandungan lemak, dan beberapa asam lemak rantai panjang pada sapi perah laktasi. Berdasarkan pertimbangan parameter metabolit dan penampilan produksi, ransum E merupakan ransum yang terbaik., The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of urea-ammoniation of elephant grass, the use of hydrolysed poultry feather as the source of S-containing amino acids, the use of cassava leaves as the source of branched-chain amino acids, and mixture of lysine-Zn-lemuru fish oil as a modulator for ruminal and postruminal digestion. The study consisted of two trials with five dietary treatments, i. e. A = 40% elephant grass (EG) + 60% concentrate mix (CM), B = 40% urea-ammoniated EG + 60% CM, C = B + 3% hydrolysed poultry feather (HPF), D = C + 15% cassava leaves, and E = D + 1.06% mixture of lysine-Zn-lemuru fish oil. In trial 1, 20 Etawah grade goats of 13-20 kg live weight were assigned in a randomized block design. In trial 2, the treatments and the exprimental cows were assigned ini a 5x5 latin square design. Urea-ammoniation and hydrolysed poultry feather decreased dry matter (DM) intake of goats but the effect of inclusion of these component was not observed in lactating dairy cows. OM digestibility (71.69 vs 74.35 %) and milk production of lactating dairy cows were significantly improved (12.36 vs 13.47 kg day°1) by hydrolysed poultry feather (P< 0.05). Cassava leaves increased DM intake (329 vs 402 g. day"1 ), N retention (7.71 vs 9.30 g day"1 ) and average daily gain of goats (68.45 vs 89.29 g day°1). Mixture of lysine-Zn-lemuru fish oil in Etawah grade goats tended to increase average daily gain, decrease body fat and cholesterol serum. However, milk production, milk fat content, and some
Keyword: Amoniation, Hydroyzed, Cassava leaves, Lyzine-zinc, Lemuru fish oil, Feed utilization

Judul: Analisis dan Implementasi Certificate Authorities (CA) pada Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
Abstrak: Secure Telephone Protocol has ability to authenticate involved party and keep the secrecy of the message sent over the protocol. The secrecy of the message archieved by using symmetric key cryptographic scheme, and authentication archieved using public key cryptographic scheme. One of several party involved in the protocol and hold an important function called Certificate Authorities or CA. CA responsible for generating public key pair for other party involved in the protocol. When CA generates public key pair, several primitive cryptographic scheme used for guarantee the security of the key. Two of them are hash function SHA-1 and El-Gamal public key scheme embedded in Digital Signature Algorithm scheme. The prototype implementing the scheme above developed using Java programming language with JCE addition from Bauncy Castle. The analysis towards implemented prototype indicates that the prototype still has some flaws to be implemented in real world.
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