Judul: Perencanaan sistem penyaluran air limbah domestik Kota Bogor menggunakan air hujan untuk debit penggelontoran
Abstrak: Sewerage system is an important part of the urban infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to design a system configuration domestic sewerage and modify drainage systems for flushing discharge. This research use secondary data from relevant agencies, literature, and the results of previous study. Value of peak discharge (Qpeak) at inlet of WWTP 1 at the Bantarjati Village is 0.59 m3/sec with a diameter of 900 mm, while the Qpeak value at inlet the WWTP 2 at Mekarwangi Village is 1.42 m3/sec with a diameter of 1000 mm. The depth of excavation cultivated less than 6 m. Planned of Communal Septic Tank are 5 units in the Pakuan Mulyaharja, Ciluar, Balumbangjaya, and Kencana Village. Rainfall intensity calculation using Sherman Method. Micro drainage system is designed to supply discharge flushing. Flushing point as many as 53 points with range of flush discharge is 0.03 m3/sec. Drainage discharge range of 0.25 m3/sec. Shape of the channel using a rectangular channel with a width range of 0.43 m and 0.42 m high.
Keyword: Sherman Method, Gumbel Method, manhole, domestic wastewater

Judul: Integration of Planning for Domestic Wastewater Distribution System and Surakarta City Rainwater Runoff
Abstrak: Sistem penyaluran air limbah domestik secara terpusat merupakan salah satu upaya Pemerintah Kota Surakarta untuk mereduksi pencemaran air di badan air. Namun, capaian pelayanan pengolahan air limbah sistem terpusat pada tahun 2020 sebesar 16,62% atau 17.322 (SR). Tujuan penelitian ini merencanakan ulang sistem penyaluran air limbah dengan mengintegrasikan air hujan menuju bangunan penggelontor dan evaluasi sistem penyaluran air limbah Kota Surakarta. Data penelitian berupa data sekunder yang diperoleh dari instansi terkait, studi pustaka, dan hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Kota Surakarta direncanakan sebanyak 528 blok terbagi menuju IPAL Mojosongo, IPAL Pucangsawit, dan IPAL Semanggi secara berturut-turut 171 blok, 169 blok, dan 188 blok. Nilai debit puncak di IPAL Mojosongo, Pucangsawit, dan Semanggi secara berturut turut 1268,95 L/detik, 864,82 L/detik, dan 1697,12 L/detik. Diameter pipa inlet IPAL Mojosongo, IPAL Pucangsawit, IPAL Semanggi berturut-turut sebesar 1.200 mm, 1.600 mm dan 1.600 mm. Perencanaan sistem drainse untuk memenuhui kebutuhan debit penggelontoran. Bangunan penggelontor sebanyak 134 bangunan. Evaluasi berdasarkan perencanaan terjadi perubahan diameter pipa dan perlu adanya penambahan unit pengolahan air limbah agar dapat memenuhi debit inlet, The domestic wastewater distribution system is one of the Surakarta City Government's efforts to reduce water pollution in water bodies. However, the achievement of wastewater treatment services in 2020 was 16.62%, or 17,322 (SR). The purpose of this study is to plan a wastewater system by integrating rainwater from flushing buildings and evaluating the wastewater distribution system of Surakarta City. Research data in the form of secondary data obtained from relevant agencies, literature studies, and the results of previous research. Surakarta is planned for 528 blocks divided into Mojosongo WWTP, Pucangsawit WWTP, and Semanggi WWTP, respectively, 171 blocks, 169 blocks, and 188 blocks. The peak discharge values at Mojosongo, Pucangsawit, and Semanggi WWTPs are 1268.95 L/sec, 864.82 L/sec, and 1697.12 L/sec, respectively. The inlet diameters of the Mojosongo WWTP, Pucangsawit WWTP, and Semanggi WWTP are 1,200 mm, 1,600 mm, and 1,600 mm, respectively. Planning a drainage system to meet the needs of flushing discharge. There are 134 flushing buildings. The evaluation is based on the planning that there is a change in the pipe diameter and it is necessary to add a wastewater treatment unit to meet the inlet discharge.
Keyword: Domestic wastewater, drainage, flushing, sawerage system

Judul: Phycocyanin Extract From Spirulina platensis for as an Antioxidant and Biopigment for Spherificated Caviar Product
Abstrak: Fikosianin merupakan pigmen alami berwarna biru cerah yang kaya manfaat dengan kandungan antioksidan yang tinggi. Antioksidan memiliki peran yang sangat penting untuk mencegah kerusakan tubuh pada level molekuler yang disebabkan oleh radikal bebas. Radikal bebas dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan DNA, pembelahan sel abnormal (kanker), penuaan dini, inflamasi, penyakit jantung, dan beragam efek negatif lainnya. Pigmen fikosianin tersedia secara melimpah pada Spirulina platensis yang merupakan ganggang hijau biru (mikroalga) yang mudah dikultivasi dan dikondisikan serta dapat tersedia sepanjang tahun. Sebagai pigmen alami, fikosianin cenderung tidak stabil terpapar oksigen, cahaya, suhu, dan pH tertentu. Pemanfaatan pigmen fikosianin harus mampu menjaga kestabilan kandungan bioaktif pigmen dan tetap menarik bagi konsumen. Pengolahan pigmen fikosianin sebagai food additive pewarna pada produk spherificated caviar dapat dilakukan. Spherificated caviar dibuat dengan teknik spherification yang berfungsi sebagai penyalut yang melindungi bahan inti. Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu mempelajari pengaruh penambahan pigmen fikosianin kedalam produk spherificated caviar terhadap stabilitas kandungan antioksidan pigmen serta penerimaan konsumen terhadap produk. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi ekstraksi pigmen fikosianin dengan metode maserasi, kemurnian pigmen, analisis aktivitas antioksidan, dan uji organoleptik. Hasil menunjukan ekstrak pigmen dalam jangkauan warna biru kehijauan, pemurnian ekstrak menghasilkan angka 1,541 dengan kategori food grade. Analisis antioksidan menghasilkan nilai IC50 2,81 untuk ekstrak, dan nilai IC50 10,54 setelah diolah menjadi produk, keduanya termasuk kedalam kategori antioksidan kuat. Variasi konsentrasi pigmen fikosianin tidak memberi perbedaan nyata terhadap penerimaan konsumen dalam atribut warna, rasa, dan tekstur produk. Kata kunci: antioksidan, fikosianin, pigmen, spherificated caviar, Spirulina platensis, Phycocyanin is a bright blue natural pigment that has great beneficial and rich in antioxidant content. Antioxidant has an important role in preventing molecular damage on the body that is caused by free radicals. Free radicals could cause DNA damage, abnormal cell growth (cancer), premature aging, inflammation, heart diseases, and other negative effects. Phycocyanin pigment is found abundance in Spirulina platensis which is a blue green algae (microalgae) that is easy to cultivated and conditioned, also able to produce throughout the year. As a natural pigment, phycocyanin is prone to be unstable when exposed to oxygen, light, and to a certain temperature and pH. The utilization of phycocyanin pigment as colorant food additive in spherificated caviar product could be considered. Spherificated caviar is made with spherification technique that acts as coat / encapsulating that protects the main substance. The objective of this research is to study the effect of adding phycocyanin pigment into spherificated caviar product and also consumer preference of the product. Methods that are used including phycocyanin extractions with maceration method, phycocyanin pigment purity ratio, antioxidant activity analysis, and organoleptic test. The result shows phycocyanin pigment extraction produce bluish green colour, phycocyanin purification resulting in 1,541 value which belongs in the food grade category. Antioxidant analysis resulting in IC50 value of 2, 81 for phycocyanin extract, and IC50 value of 10,54 after being processed into spherificated caviar product, both value fall under very strong antioxidant category. Variants of phycocyanin pigment concentration added into the product did not affect consumer preferences in color, taste, and texture of the product. Keywords: antioxidant, phycocyanin, pigment, spherificate caviar, Spirulina platensis
Keyword: antioxidant, phycocyanin, pigment, spherificated caviar, spirulina platensis