Judul: Perilaku berkubang dan tipologi kubangan badak Jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus) di Taman Nasioanal Ujung Kulon
Abstrak: Badak jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus, Desmarest 1822) merupakan salah satu satwa langka yang saat ini keberadaannya hanya terdapat di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon (TNUK) khususnya di wilayah Semenanjung Ujung Kulon. Sejak tahun 1967, TNUK sebagai pengelola kawasan telah melakukan inventarisasi populasi badak jawa dengan menggunakan metode penghitungan jejak di dalam transek. Hasil populasi yang didapatkan masih berupa perkiraan populasi. Pendekatan metode baru perlu dilakukan untuk menduga populasi badak jawa yang sebenarnya. Berkubang merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok bagi badak jawa. Dalam satu hari badak jawa minimal berkubang satu kali. Oleh karena itu, kubangan sebagai tempat berkubang diduga merupakan media untuk pengamatan badak jawa secara langsung. Perilaku berkubang dan karakteristik kubangan badak jawa perlu diketahui untuk menentukan lokasi dan waktu pengamatan yang tepat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk:1) mengetahui aspek perilaku berkubang badak jawa, 2) mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor dominan karakteristik kubangan yang dimanfaatkan badak jawa di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon dan 3) mendeskripsikan tipologi kubangan badak jawa di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Seksi Pengelolaan Taman Nasional Wilayah II Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, Pandeglang-Banten. Peralatan dan Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas: Peta Digital Kawasan TNUK, GPS, kamera foto digital, jam tangan, alat tulis, termohigrometer, pH meter untuk tanah, pH indikator, mistar ukur, dan pita meter. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengamatan langsung dilapangan, pengamatan video rekaman badak jawa di kubangan dan studi literatur. Badak jawa memiliki preferensi waktu dalam berkubang yaitu sore - malam (97.5%) dan pagi (2.5%) dengan lama berkubang sekitar 181 detik atau 3 menit durasi video. Frekuensi aktivitas yang paling sering dilakukan berturut-turut adalah berbaring (38.74%), berendam (24.32%) dan berdiri (25.26%). Badak jawa jantan menyukai berkubang pada sore hari (51.35%) dibandingkan malam (45.95%) dan pagi (2.70%) dengan lama waktu berkubang 118 detik atau 1.97 menit durasi video. Aktivitas terbanyak yang dilakukan adalah berendam (40.86%). Badak jawa induk dan anak lebih menyukai berkubang pada sore hari (66.67%) dibanding pagi hari (33.33%) dengan lama berkubang 7.75 detik durasi video. Aktivitas yang paling banyak dilakukan adalah berdiri (45.45%).....dst
Keyword: behavior, javan rhino, wallowing, wallow, Ujung Kulon National Park

Judul: Perilaku berkubang badak jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus) di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon
Abstrak: As one of the very rare and critically endangered species, Javan rhinoceros currently has a population of around 40-50 heads and can only be found in Ujung Kulon National Park. However, these numbers are still questionable due to the lack of description provided by the existing methods in estimating the entire population of Javan rhinoceros in the Ujung Kulon peninsula. The Javan rhinoceros timid nature, high alertness, and tendency to avoid direct contact with human and other wildlife are the factors that complicate the estimation of population. These factors make the Javan rhinoceros difficult to find and to track. Therefore, it is necessary to use methods that can describe the entire population of Javan rhinoceros and minimize the possibility of double counting without the need of direct encounters with the species. One method that can be used is the video trap data analysis method. The objective of this research was to obtain information on the time and duration of Javan rhinoceros wallowing activities, the patterns and mechanisms of Javan rhinoceros wallowing activities, and the types of activity of Javan rhinoceros during wallowing. The results of this study is expected to become useful as basic information and reference to the inventory of Javan rhinoceros population by using Javan rhinoceros wallows as points of observation. Javan rhinoceros tend to wallow in the day which is indicated by each of the video clips, where 58.33% of the wallowing takes place during the day while 41.67% at night. The longest duration of the adult male wallowing activity takes place at night with a percentage of 33,11%, while the mother and the young males tend to wallow during the day with percentage of 38,41% and 28,97%. The activity during wallowing with the longest duration is resting with a percentage of 45.96% for adult males, while the activity with the shortest duration is slow running with the duration of 7 seconds for young males with a percentage of 0.9% of the time. The most varied of activities during wallowing was noticed for male adults which tend to wallow at nigt, while the longest duration of varied activities during wallowing in the day was noticed for young males and their mothers. From the 5 types of Javan rhinoceros behavior analyzed, resting activitiy during wallowing was the behavior with the highest frequency and percentage (14 times; 29.17%) for adult males, while the behavior with the smallest frequency and percentage was social behavior such as slow running activity (young males) and horn scraping activity (females) with a frequency of 1 time and the percentage of 2.08%.
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Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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