Judul: Prediksi Debit Jangka Panjang untuk Sungai Bengawan Solo.
Abstrak: Sungai Bengawan Solo merupakan sungai terpanjang di Pulau Jawa dan daerah alirannya telah diklasifikasikan sebagai salah satu daerah aliran sungai (DAS) kritis di Indonesia. Penelitian ini mencoba memprediksi debit jangka panjang Sungai Bengawan Solo, dengan tujuan khusus untuk (i) melakukan kalibrasi dan validasi model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) dalam mengestimasi debit skala bulanan, dan (ii) mensimulasikan debit bulanan untuk periode 1901 – 2016. Pada penelitian ini, model SWAT menggunakan input data iklim bulanan, penggunaan lahan, dan karakteristik tanah. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, model mampu mensimulasikan debit bulanan dengan baik ditunjukkan dengan nilai percent bias yang rendah (PBIAS: -2.30%) dan RMSE standard ratio yang rendah (RSR: 0.44), serta nilai Kling-Gupta Efficiency yang tinggi (KGE: 0.87). Berdasarkan debit hasil simulasi, kami menemukan bahwa debit maksimum terjadi pada bulan Maret, sedangkan debit minimum terjadi pada bulan Agustus. Karakteristik debit bulanan Sungai Bengawan Solo untuk aliran tinggi (Q5) sebesar 198.00 mm/bulan, sedangkan aliran rendah (Q90) sebesar 13.00 mm/bulan.
Keyword: debit bulanan, CRU, hydrologic response unit, kalibrasi, SWAT

Judul: Analisis indeks baseflow daerah aliran Sungai Bengawan Solo
Abstrak: Penelitian mengenai karakteristik baseflow di Pulau Jawa merupakan tantangan khususnya untuk menghubungkan karakter fisik Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) dengan data debit jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik baseflow DAS Bengawan Solo yang menjadi salah satu DAS kritis di Pulau Jawa. Data debit harian periode tahun 1980-2010 digunakan untuk estimasi nilai BFI (Baseflow Index). Penghitungan BFI dilakukan dengan metode smoothed minima. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perbandingan debit 3 harian, 5 harian dan 7 harian non-overlapping untuk menghitung nilai BFI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi N hari yang digunakan untuk penentuan nilai BFI, maka semakin kecil nilai BFI yang diperoleh. Nilai BFI yang kecil menunjukkan kontribusi baseflow yang kecil untuk aliran debit sungai. Rata-rata nilai BFI3d, BFI5d dan BFI7d selama periode tahun 1980-2010 yaitu sebesar 0.67, 0.56, dan 0.49. Nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa DAS Bengawan Solo memiliki karakteristik permeabilitas fissure dengan penyimpanan (storage) rendah. Tren BFI, BFa, dan Qann mengalami kenaikan secara signifikan (α = 5%) pada periode tahun 1998-2010, sedangkan curah hujan tahunan mengalami penurunan secara signifikan.
Keyword: Baseflow Index (BFI), Baseflow separation, Smoothed minima method, Bengawan Solo Watershed, Mann-Kendall Test

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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