Judul: Design Modification of Continuous Type Incinerator as Burner Tool for Medical Waste
Abstrak: Aktivitas pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat seperti rumah sakit dan puskesmas berpotensi sebagai penghasil limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3) yang berpotensi menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan. Limbah medis mengandung biohazard, sehingga harus dimusnahkan, antara lain dengan menggunakan alat atau instalasi pembakar sampah (incinerator). Incinerator merupakan alat penanganan sampah dengan menggunakan proses pembakaran yang dikendalikan melalui pembakaran dengan suhu tinggi. Incinerator rancangan Pane (2013) yang telah dimodifikasi oleh Miftah (2016) belum memenuhi kriteria sebagai incinerator pembakar limbah medis yang mensyaratkan suhu pembakaran minimum 800 ⁰C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan modifikasi incinerator rancangan Pane (2013) agar mampu mencapai suhu pembakaran minimum 800 ⁰C. Modifikasi difokuskan pada upaya peningkatan kinerja sistem pembakaran dengan memperbaiki sistem pemasukan udara pada incinerator. Parameter yang diukur dalam uji kinerja incinerator hasil modifikasi tersebut adalah suhu pembakaran, laju pembakaran, kualitas asap buang, faktor keamanan, dan pemanfaatan energi panas. Uji kinerja menggunakan bahan campuran limbah kain perca dan botol plastik, karena penggunaan limbah B3 di kampus tidak memungkinkan. Hasil uji kinerja menunjukkan bahwa suhu pembakaran mampu mencapai 980 ⁰C dengan laju pembakaran sebesar 9 kg/jam. Pemanfaatan energi panas yang dihasilkan mampu memanaskan air hingga 86 ⁰C dengan debit aliran air sebesar 0,018 lt/detik, dan mengarangkan tempurung kelapa di ruang pengendapan asap sebanyak 2-2,5 kg arang dengan kualitas baik. Dengan demikian, modifikasi yang dilakukan telah sukses menghasilkan incinerator yang memenuhi kriteria sebagai pembakar limbah medis., Public health services such as hospitals or other health center tend to be the waste producer, which some of them are labeled as hazardous and toxic waste (B3) which eventually cause environmental pollution. One of the possible solution is to burn the waste by using incinerator. Basically, incinerator is a waste burner which was using high temperature to burn medical waste. Incinerator designed by Pane (2013) and modified by Miftah (2016) has not yet meet the ideal criteria for a medical waste incinerator, that requires combustion temperature level more than 800⁰C. This reasearch aims to improve combustion in order to reach the temperature level higher than 800 ⁰C by air intake system modification. Combustion process temperatures, smoke quality, safety factor, and energy utilities are the parameter which determined as incinerator performance. The performance test used a mixture of patchwork waste and plastic bottles, because of using B3 waste on campus is not possible. The result of this research showing that combustion temperature successfully increased up to 980 ⁰C for combustion rate of 9 kg/hour. Utilization of heat energy produced by combustion process inside the chamber, successfully produce 2-2,5 kg of good quality coconut shell charcoal and hot water of 86 ⁰C at 0,018 lt/hour flow rate. The modifications carried out has been successful on producing medical waste incinerator.
Keyword: continuous type, hospital, incinerator, medical waste

Judul: Desain dan Uji Kinerja Alat Pembakar Sampah (Incinerator) Tipe Batch Untuk Perkotaan Dilengkapi dengan Pemanas Air
Abstrak: Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is very important in order to keep the city clean, beautiful, and health. The waste could be utilized by various process that suitable each kind of waste. Organic waste can be utilized by composting process or biogas generation. While an-organic waste can be recycled. Incinerator was needed for toxic and medical waste utilization, due to its capability to burnt off the toxic materials. Small incinerator seems an important solution for urban household waste management due to the shortage area for composting or other waste utilization. Beside that, heat energy which produced by combustion process in the incinerator could be use for several purposes to fulfill household demand such as drying process or water heater process. The aim of this study is to design an incinerator which can be implemented in the urban household. Those incinerator combined with water heating system as utilization of heat energy produced by the combustion process and smoke cyclone which can be used for drying or carbonization process Result of the performance of the incinerator shows that the incinerator working well. The capacity of the incinerator is 0.294 m3. The weight of the waste that filled the incinerator is 10.5 to 18.3 kg. The maximum burn temperature is 413 to 478 oC. The incineration rates of the incinerator around 2.81 to 6.82 kg/hour. Quality of smoke is good, showed by the colour of the smoke (near white). Heat energy produced by the system has been used for water heating and coconut shell carbonization process. Using water flow rate 3 l/minutes, the temperature of the water can be raised 14-18 oC per batch process. While carbonization process only produce 10% charcoal from 5 kg coconut shell which has been feed in the smoke cyclone room Modification of the gas hole can increasing the temperature of incineration and modification of the length and relocation of pipe can increasing the water heater performance.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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