Judul: The Use of Social Remittances in The Development of Household Livelihood Strategies for Women Migrant Returnee Household in Prajegan Villange, East Java
Abstrak: Hilangnya remitansi ekonomi membuat rumah tangga melakukan penyesuaian strategi nafkah pasca migrasi dengan memanfaatkan remitansi sosial. Remitansi sosial berupa pengetahuan, gagasan dan keterampilan yang diperoleh saat bermigrasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pemanfaatan remitansi sosial dalam pengembangan strategi nafkah pada rumah tangga purna migran di Desa Prajegan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung dengan data kualitatif. Responden berjumlah 30 yang terdiri dari 15 purna migran ART perawat anak dan 15 purna migran Asisten Rumah Tangga (ART) perawat lansia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara jenis pekerjaan dengan tingkat remitansi sosial. ART yang bekerja perawat anak memiliki tingkat remitansi sosial lebih tinggi. Faktor yang memengaruhi yaitu penempatan, aktivitas pekerjaan, dan tempat tinggal majikan. Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara remitansi sosial dengan tingkat ragam strategi nafkah. Hal tersebut dikarenakan remitansi sosial belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk membantu keberlanjutan nafkah rumah tangga setelah migrasi., Return migration has raised issues such as the loss of economic remittances, leading households to adjust their post-migration livelihood strategies through the use of social remittances. Social remittances include knowledge, ideas and skills acquired during migration. The purpose of this research is to analyze the use of social remittances in the development of household livelihood strategies in the village of Prajegan. This study uses quantitative approach supported by qualitative data. The respondents consist of 30 domestic workers, consist of 15 female migrant domestic workers caring for children and 15 female migrant domestic workers caring for elderly. The findings show a significant relationship between types of employment and levels of social remittances. Domestic workers caring for children have higher levels of social remittances. Factors influencing this include placement, work activities, and place of residence. However, there is no significant relationship between social remittances and the diversity level of livelihood strategies. This is due to the suboptimal use of social remittances in supporting household livelihood sustainability after migration.
Keyword: Returnees migrants, social remittances, post-migration livelihood strategies

Judul: Remittances Contribution of Former Women Migrant Workers towards Household Economy (Case: Gantuang Ciri Village, Kubung Sub District, Solok District)
Abstrak: Jumlah lapangan kerja yang terbatas serta upah yang rendah di daerah asal menjadi faktor pendorong masyarakat bekerja sebagai migran ke luar negeri, terutama perempuan. Migran asal Nagari Gantuang Ciri mengirimkan remitan dan dimanfaatkan dalam kebutuhan konsumsi, produksi, dan investasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan kontribusi pemanfaatan remitan dan sisa remitan saat ini dengan kondisi perekonomian rumah tangga. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif melalui metode survei dan didukung oleh pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur. Data kuantitatif diolah menggunakan alat uji Chi-Square dan Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis remitan ekonomi merupakan karakteristik purna PMI saat menjadi PMI yang memiliki hubungan dengan kontribusi remitan. Remitan berkontribusi paling besar pada kebutuhan konsumsi, namun tidak memiliki sisa remitan yang terlihat hingga saat ini. Sisa remitan yang membantu perekonomian rumah tangga berasal dari sisa remitan kebutuhan produksi dan investasi. Sisa remitan produksi berupa usaha yang dibangun oleh purna PMI dalam berbagai bidang. Sisa remitan investasi berupa tabungan berbentuk emas serta lahan atau hewan ternak yang dibeli., The limited number of employment opportunities and low wages in the area of origin are driving factors of people to work as migrants abroad, especially women. Migrants from Nagari Gantuang Ciri sent remittances and are used for consumption, production and investment needs. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between the contribution remittances utilization and the remaining current remittances with the household economic condition. The research method is a quantitative approach through survey methods and supported by a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and literature studies. Quantitative data was processed using the Chi-Square and Rank Spearman test equipment. The results showed that the type of economic remittance was a characteristic of retired PMIs when they became PMIs which had a strong relationship with remittances contributions. Remittances contribute the most to consumption needs, but have no remain until now. The remaining remittances that help the household economy come from production and investment needs. The remaining production remittances are from businesses built by former PMIs in various fields. The remaining investment remittances are from savings in the form of gold and purchased land or livestock.
Keyword: former women migrant worker, household economy, remittance

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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