Judul: Ekstraksi dan Karakterisasi Gelatin dari Beberapa Jenis Kulit Ikan.
Abstrak: Gelatin memiliki sifat-sifat fungsional sehingga digunakan di berbagai industri pangan dan non-pangan. Pengetahuan tentang sifat reologi dan fisik gelatin dari berbagai jenis kulit ikan menjadi hal penting untuk membuktikan kualitas gelatin yang dihasilkan sebagai pengganti kulit sapi dan babi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik sifat fisik dan reologi gelatin yang berasal dari beberapa kulit ikan spesies berbeda sehingga dapat menghasilkan gelatin yang memenuhi standar. Gelatin diekstraksi dari empat kulit ikan berbeda yaitu ikan patin (Pangasius hypothalmus), nila merah (Oreochromis niloticus), kakap merah (Lutjanus sanguineus) dan kakatua (Scarus ghobban). Rancangan penelitian menggunakan pola Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dan uji lanjut Duncan. Proses ekstraksi kulit menjadi gelatin dilakukan dengan asam sitrat komersial pada suhu ekstraksi 65 oC. Hasil gelatin terbaik adalah gelatin dari kulit ikan kakatua dengan rendemen 24,65%; pH 4,56; warna L=30,04, a=-1,43, b=12,96; viskositas 22,02 cP; kekuatan gel 118,39 g bloom; prolin 119,63 mg/g; glisin 285,59 mg/g; SDS-PAGE menunjukkan pita β, α1 dan α2.
Keyword: asam sitrat, ekstraksi, gelatin ikan, histologi, SDS-PAGE

Judul: Ekstraksi dan Sifat-Sifat Gelatin Kulit Ikan Tuna Sirip Kuning (Thunnus albacares)
Abstrak: Gelatin merupakan produk yang banyak diperlukan dalam berbagai industri, yaitu industri pangan maupun non-pangan. Penggunaan gelatin yang sangat luas menyebabkan kebutuhan gelatin Indonesia selalu mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun. Hingga saat ini, belum terdapat industri gelatin dalam negeri, sehingga perlu penelitian tentang sumber gelatin, terutama dari limbah perikanan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu melakukan ekstraksi gelatin kulit ikan tuna sirip kuning dengan perlakuan suhu (55, 65 dan 75 ˚C). Sifat-sifat gelatin yang diteliti yaitu rendemen, pH, kekuatan gel, viskositas, analisis FTIR, SDS-PAGE dan komposisi asam amino. Suhu ekstraksi 75 ˚C terpilih sebagai hasil terbaik. Perlakuan tersebut menghasilkan rendemen yang dihasilkan sebesar 17%; pH 5,3; dan kekuatan gel 1789,55 gf; viskositas 104,2 Cp. Terdapat gugus fungsi amida A, I, II, dan III. SDS-PAGE menunjukkan pita β, α1 dan α2. Komposisi asam amino utama yaitu glisin dan prolin.
Keyword: ekstraksi, gelatin, histologi, suhu, tuna sirip kuning

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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