Judul: Intensitas Kebakaran Hutan dan Estimasi Heat Production Menggunakan Citra Landsat.
Abstrak: In 1997, Borneo forest burnt severely. Heat production (Q) represents the amount of heat energy which is produced from biomass burning. Fire intensity (I) is the rate of heat production. This study aims to obtain the estimated value of the Q and I of the forest fires in block C (Central Borneo) and block Bongan (East Borneo), to analyze the near-surface air temperature (Ta) before fire, shortly after the fire, few years after the recovery, and to estimate the time that is required to achieve the balance between CO2 emissions and CO2 uptake. Estimated value of Q and I were based on the amount of burnt biomass. Model of biomass estimation were resulted from the correlation between spectral radiance of SWIR band and ground biomass data of block Bongan. Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) index were used to determine of burnt area. Analysis of Ta used energy balance method. The result of research shows that the highest value of Qtotal and Itotal occurred in low-severity plot. The highest value of Qaverage occurred in high-severity plot. The highest value of Iaverage occurred in low-severity plot. Equilibrium between CO2 emissions and CO2 uptake occurred in block Bongan and block C before 2014. The average value of Ta increased in the fire events and decreased in the next years due to recovery.
Keyword: biomass, CO2 emissions, heat energy, uptake of CO2, air temperature

Judul: Pendugaan Emisi CO2 sebagai Gas Rumah Kaca Akibat Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan pada Berbagai Tipe Penutupan Lahan di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah Tahun 2000-2009
Abstrak: Forest fires became yearly severe problems in Indonesia. Central Kalimantan is one of Indonesia’s provinces that experienced severe forest fires in the last decade. Land conversion may be objected as one of trigger of forest fires that will produce carbon dioxide emissions. The purpose of this research is to calculate green house gas emission especially CO2 using hotspot data based on land use conversion at Central Kalimantan in the period 2000-2009. This research conducted between April and June 2012 at Forest Fires Laboratory, Silviculture Department, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. The data used are MODIS hotspot data from Fire Information Resources Management System (FIRMS), precipitation data from Indonesian Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), and land cover map of Central Kalimantan from Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). The research results showed that primary forest decreased by 10% in 2009 while palm oil plantation increased more than 190% in 2009 compared to 2005. The numbers of hotspots are increasing from 2000 to 2009. The highest number of hotspots occurred in 2006 as 22,505 hotspot. The number of hotspots occurred on peat land (7,180) is found more than on mineral land (6,391). The increasing burned area from 2000 to 2009 correlates with the increasing of hotspots number on each land covers. Swamp shrubs have the highest burnt area of 113,609 ha, while the highest carbon emission is found from the land cover conversion of swamp shrubs into palm oil plantations as 801,764 tons. The highest carbon dioxide emission on mineral land in Central Kalimantan is found from shrubs in 2005 (459,427 ton). The highest carbon dioxide emission on peat land is found at disturbed swamp forest in 2005 (80,851 ton) and undisturbed swamp forest in 2009 (180,531 ton).
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Judul: Optimization of Alginate-Chitosan Microcapsules Formation for Leydig Cells Encapsulation
Abstrak: Hypogonadism is a clinical condition characterized by low concentrations of testosterone. It is caused by malfunction of Leydig cells in producing testosterone. Encapsulation method will protect the transplanted cells from the immune system rejection. The aims of this study was to optimize the formation of microcapsules for Leydig cells encapsulation. The microcapsules were made of alginate and chitosan as the first and the second coating agents, respectively. The result showed that the minimum concentration of alginate was 1.5% (w/v) with a viscosity of 33.8 cPs, resulted spherical microcapsules with diameters of 230-270 µm. The optimum concentration of chitosan as the second coating agent was 0.5% (w/v), resulted spherical microcapsule with mechanical stability in 4 hours. Leydig cells can be trapped inside the capsule with a density that proportional with concentration of cells used in the encapsulation.
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