Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Kegiatan penambangan nikel di Pulau Gebe telah menimbulkan pengaruh terhadap kualitas air, sifat fisik dan kimia tanah, serta aspek kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) Mengidentifikasi keberlanjutan kehidupan masyarakat dilihat dari dimensi ekologi, dimensi ekonomi, dan dimensi sosial budaya di Pulau Gebe pada saat ini. (2). Merumuskan sektor ekonomi alternatif sebagai upaya memelihara keberlanjutan kehidupan masyarakat di saat pulau Gebe tanpa tambang nikel. Hasil penelitian, menunjukan di lokasi yang terganggu langsung maupun Pulau Gebe secara keseluruhan, indeks keberlanjutan kehidupan masyarakat dari dimensi ekologi, dimensi ekonomi, dan dimensi sosial budaya, berada pada kondisi kurang berlanjut. (nilai indeks < 50%). Kelas kemampuan lahan di lokasi penelitian berpotensi terbatas untuk usaha budidaya pertanian. Kerusakan tanah tergolong berat, sehingga sulit dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai penggunaan lahan. Rehabilitasi lahan dari segi revegetasi, cukup berhasil berdasarkan jumlah dan karakteristik pertumbuhan tanaman di lahan bekas galian tambang. Produksi pertanian, perkebunan, tanaman pangan, kehutanan, peternakan, perikanan, usaha jasa, pendapatan masyarakat menurun sejak perusahaan tidak lagi beroperasi. Pendapat para pihak (stakeholders) sektor perikanan tangkap, merupakan pilihan utama dari empat sektor ekonomi (pertanian, perkebunan, peternakan dan perikanan) yang harus dikembangkan sebagai upaya mempertahankan keberlanjutan kehidupan masyarakat secara sosial ekonomi di saat pulau Gebe tanpa tambang nikel.
Keyword: Multideminsional scaling, Maluku Utara, Pulau Gebe

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: North Sulawesi is the region in Sulawesi island that is very rich with the natural resource, especially in the gold minning. The gold minning in North Sulawesi has been done since the colonize age until today with the modem management or the traditional management. The impact of the community gold minning management are very danger for the environment. The objectives of this research are knowing the community gold minning system, the impact of the traditional gold rninning system to the environment and the social economic of the community. We hope that the result of this research will give the development system in based on the local natural resource pattern, the strategic of community gold minning system for the sustainable development to empowering the community from their natural resources. This research finds that the community gokJ minning give big impact to Mercury pollution in the indicator of tailing (55,161 ppm), soil (2,188 ppm), grass (1,468 ppm), water (0,070 ppm), sediment (2,599 ppm), fish (0,850 ppm}and shell (2,104 ppm) and these levels are higher than the standard level. In the social economic of the community the community gold rninning system give a good impact for empowering the community economic. for the income increase 8,9 times. This research ends with suggestion that the community gold minning system must use the ck>se system in the production process and the integrated region for the localization of the production house.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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