Judul: Analisa sosial ekonomi wilayah taman nasional dalam rangka mempertahankan kelangsungan pembangunan (Studi kasus Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Resort kawasan pelestraian alam cibodas, Desa Cimacan, Kecamatan Pacet, Kabupaten Cianjur, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Dasar kebijakan pembangunan dan pengelolaan dari Taman Nasional Gunung Gede-Pangrango (TNGP) adalah bahaa TNGP yang terdiri dari berbagai ekosistem hutan hujan tropis, seperti hutan Sub-montane, Montane, dan Sub-alpine, umumnya belum banyak terganggu oleh kegiatan manusia, dan secara keseluruhan TNGP ini mewakili tipe vegetasi hutan pegunungan di Pulau Jawa, beserta satwa-satwa yang nenghuninya. Areal ini juga nerupakan suaka alam pertana yang di tunjuk di Indonesia dan di kenal sebagai salah satu pusat penelitian botani.
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Judul: Studi ekonomi tumpangsari pada daerah penyangga Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango : Penelitian di BKPH, Gede Timur, KPH, Cianjur, Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Hutan merupakan salah satu sumberdaya tumpuan hidup bagi penduduk yang tinggal di sekitarnya, juga merupakan sumber bahan bangunan dan sekaligus lingkungan tempat ting- gal. Konsep penatagunaan hutan berdasarkan fungsinya mela- hirkan berdirinya Taman Nasional. Kebijaksanaan pengelo- laan Taman Nasional yang seringkali kurang memperhatikan masyarakat di sekitarnya, menimbulkan munculnya ketegangan antara pengelola hutan dengan masyarakat yang berada di se- kitar hutan. Keadaan yang sangat rawan ini secara keselu- ruhan dapat menghambat usaha pengembangan Taman Nasional di Indonesia. Strategi-strategi baru yang berfokus pada kebutuhan da- sar, pemerataan, dan partisipasi rakyat dalam pembangunan hutan, melahirkan suatu konsep alternatif yang disebut dengan Kehutanan Sosial. Program Kehutanan sosial yang se- dang dikembangkan ini cakupannya dapat diperluas untuk mengatasi permasalahan pada kawasan Taman Nasional. Salah satu bentuk pelaksanaannya adalah kegiatan tumpangsari yang dilakukan pada zona penyangga Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango di RPH Pacet, BKPH Gede Timur, KPH Cianjur...dst
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Judul: Effects of Particle Shapes on Temperature Distribution under Static Ohmic Heating.
Abstrak: The ohmic heating is defined as a process wherein an alternating electrical current is passed through materials resulting in the heat generation inside the product. The excellence of ohmic heating in comparison with other thermal processing is its energy efficiency and ohmic heating could keeping nutritional as well quality attribute of food via blanching, sterilization, pasteurization, extraction, fermentation, and evaporation. Nevertheless, in ohmic heating process, the electrical conductivity of product is a key parameter. The worst case in the ohmic heating of multiphase product could be occurred when the solid phase has very lower or very high electrical conductivity than the liquid. This study aims to reveal the temperature distribution and the heating rate properties of solid and liquid phase as affected by particle shape and its orientation to the electric field. Experiments were conducted with salt solution 1% and carrot that blanched in salt solution 6%. Blanching process was conducted in order to increase the electrical conductivity of carrot close to the salt solution 1%. Ohmic heating was applied to the sample using static cell (4.90 cm diameter and 6.00 cm in length of sample area) at constant voltage gradient (40 V). Each experiment was conducted in triplicate. It was observed that the different particle shape and orientation provide the different heating rate properties. The slice particle had the fastest heating rate. Moreover the perpendicular orientation was heated faster than parallel orientation. The parallel cylindrical shape provides the slowest heating rate. This shape possibly induced the worst-case condition and could be used as sufficiency heat parameter. The heating pattern of each solid and liquid were simulated using COMSOL modeling software. The predicted temperature values were in good agreement with the experimental data with the maximum prediction error of 3 °C.
Keyword: particle orientation, particle shape, electrical conductivity, ohmic heating