Judul: Pengaruh Tingkat Protein Ransum Berenergi Metabolis 2850 Kkal Per Kg "Strain" Terhadap Tebal Kerabang Petelur Tipe Medium Fase II  Pada Sistem "Cage"
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Bagian Ilmu Produksi Ternak Unggas Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor dari tanggal 9 Maret sampai dengan 2 Agustus 1981. Tujuan penelitian adalh untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat protein ransum berenergi motabolis 2850 kkal per kg dan "strain" terhadap tebal kerabang petelur tipe medium fase II pada sistem "cage".
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Judul: Pengaruh tingkat protein ransum berenergi metabolis 2650 KKAL per kg dan "strain" petelur tipe medium pada masa produksi fase II terhadap tebal kerabang pada sistem cager
Abstrak: Ayam petelur termasuk salah satu ternak yang sangat efisien mengubah makanan menjadi hasil produksi telur. Untuk memperoleh tingkat produksi yang ekonomis serta kua- litas telur yang baik, dua faktor yang harus diperhatikan ialah faktor makanan dan bibit. Faktor makanan perlu per- hatian lebih besar, terutama kadar protein dan nilai energi. Bibit merupakan faktor berikutnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh tingkat protein ransum berenergi metabolis 2650 kkal per kg dan "strain" petelur tipe medium pada masa produksi fase II ter- hadap tebal kerabang pada sistem cage. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Bagian Ilmu Produksi Ternak Unggas, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, selama lima bulan dari tanggal 9 Maret sampai 20 Juli 1981. "Strain" ayam yang diteliti Super Harco dan Hisex Brown, masing-masing sebanyak 88 ekor. Ransum yang dicoba mengan- dung tingkat protein 16 dan 18% berenergi metabolis 2650 kkal per kg. Penelitian dimulai ketika ayam berumur 10 bulan. Percobaan dilakukan berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap berpola Faktorial 2 x 2, dimana faktornya adalah tingkat pro- tein dan "strain" ayam. Tiap perlakuan terdiri dari empat ulangan. Kedua "strain" di bagi kedalam 16 lot, dan tiap lot terdiri dari 1l ekor yang ditempatkan pada kandang "individu- al cage" berukuran 22 x 45 x 46 cm. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa "strain" sangat berpengaruh (P0.01) 0.01) terhadap tebal kerabang, sedangkan tingkat protein tidak nyata berpengaruh. Kerabang telur じ strain" Hisex Brown lebih tebal. Dari segi tebal kerabang, tingkat protein 16% cukup untuk ayam petelur tipe medium pada masa produksi fase II. Korelasi antara tebal kerabang dengan temperatur sekeliling, tebal kerabang dengan "hen day production" dan tebal kerabang dengan konsumsi ransum, tidak nyata pada kedua "strain".
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite