Judul: Production Cost Analysis of Frame and Teak Door: Case Study PD Sumber Jati Makmur at Cirebon Regency, West Java
Abstrak: Industri furniture khususnya jati, memiliki prospek yang sangat baik untuk tumbuh dan berkembang karena sumber daya alam yang berlimpah serta nilai ekspor yang cukup tinggi mencapai 1,95 miliar US$ atau meningkat hingga 14,6% (Gunadi 2021). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis biaya produksi, Break Event Point (BEP), profitabilitas yang dinyatakan dalam persentase Return On Invesment (ROI), dan harga pokok kusen pintu dan daun pintu jati di PD Sumber Jati Makmur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya produksi kusen sebesar Rp 513.356,1 unit dengan biaya tetap Rp 194.797,9 per unit dan biaya variabel Rp 318.558,2 per unit. Biaya produksi daun pintu Rp 834.282 per unit dengan biaya tetap Rp 247.416,1 per unit dan biaya variabel Rp 586.865,5. BEP produk kusen pintu sebesar 111,3 unit per tahun dan daun pintu sebesar 102,6 unit per tahun. Harga pokok kusen pintu Rp 641.695,1 jauh dari harga jual sebenarnya yaitu Rp 800.000 dan daun pintu Rp 1.042.852 per unit dimana harga jual sebenarnya yaitu Rp 1.250.000. Return On Invesment (ROI) PD Sumber Jati Makmur sebesar 55,2% sehingga kegiatan produksi kusen dan daun pintu jati menguntungkan.
Keyword: Production Cost, Frame, Teak Doors, Best Price, Profitability

Judul: Analisis Biaya Produksi Kusen, Daun Pintu, dan Jendela Studi Kasus di CV Mulya Abadi Bogor
Abstrak: Produksi kayu olahan yang meliputi kusen, daun pintu dan jendela merupakan sektor industri yang berkembang di Indonesia. CV Mulya Abadi merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang memproduksi kusen, daun pintu dan jendela. Tota Produksi CV Mulya Abadi pada tahun 2018 sebesar 1694 unit dengan total bahan baku 117.82 m3 kayu dengan berbagai jenis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis biaya produksi, Break Even Point (BEP), dan profitabilitas usaha kusen, daun pintu dan jendela. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan biaya total biaya produksi CV Mulya Abadi sebesar Rp 1.76 milyar. Total jumlah nilai BEP yang diperoleh pada produksi daun pintu yaitu sebesar 24.64 m3/tahun, kusen pintu sebesar 31.91 m3/tahun, daun jendela sebesar 17.97 m3/tahun, dan kusen jendela sebesar 5.63 m3/tahun. Return on Investment (ROI) CV Mulya Abadi sebesar 44.75 % maka produksi kusen, daun pintu dan jendela sudah menguntungkan.
Keyword: Biaya produksi, break even point daun jendela, daun pintu, return on investment

Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua