Judul: The study of external characters and microsatellite dna variation of pesisir cattle in West Sumatera
Abstrak: The objectives of this study were (I) to study the variability of body size, colour and colour coat pattmq (2) to generate the abt~baseo f the body weight and body sizes, and (3) to study the relationship and grouping among Pesisir Sdatan, Padaog Pariaman and Agam subpopulation. The study was also to describe the genetic variability between Pesisir Selatan and Agam subpopulations of Pesisir cattle in West Sumatera based on the pohorphism of six DNA microsatellites loci. Quantitative and qualitative data of the cattle were collaed at Pesisir Selsrtan, Padmg Pariaman and Agam di-cts. In addition, b l d samples were collected h m Pesisir Selatan and Padang Pariaman districts of Wst Sumatera provinces. The whole data were collected during February to July 2002. The six DNA microsatelIites foci polymorphism was analyzed at the Molecular Biology Labomtory of the Biological Study Center, Bogor Agricultural University from August to December 2003. Body measurements and M y weight data were analized using the disgiptive statistics, dimimhmt function analysis, and canonical correlation Coat colour data were malized using disgiptive statistics. Microsatellites alleles data within and among the six Ioci were presented according to alleles number, distribution, frequencies, and heterozigosities. Dischimmt function anaIysis showed that the similarities among the three subpopulations were 86.36% 70.27%, and 39.69% for Pesisir SeIatan, Padang Pariaman aod Agam subpopulations respectively. Canon- wrrelation analysis indicated that body weight, withers heigth, hip heigth, head width, and head length has the higher total csnonic simdme among the body measurements. The result also showed that West Sumha Pesisir attie showed a solid coat wlour pattern with five &bate colour, and dominated by red sand. The PCR analysis showed that the average number of allele of the six microsatellite loci were 9.6 and 1 1, and the heteroigosity average were 0.8573 1 0.00014 and 0.8738 =k 0.001312 for Pesisir Selatan and Padang Pariaman subpopuIation r e v e l y . The body rn-ernemts of West Sumatera Pesisir cattle showed a high variability. The study also indimted that Pesisir Selatan and Agam subpopulations showed a closer retationship than with the Padang Pariaman subpopulation. Witbers height, hrp height, head width, and herad length can be used to differentiate the West Sumatera Pesisir cattle subpopulations.
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Judul: Variasi genetik dan hubungan filogenetik populasi sapi lokal indonesia berdasarkan penciri molekuler DNA mikrosatelit kromosom Y dan gen cytochrome B
Abstrak: Seven Y-chromosome specific microsatellites and cytochrome b (cyt b) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers were assayed to get the genetic variation of 7 breeds of Indonesian native cattle, primary on male cattle. The analysis of Ychromosome microsatellites variation was determinate from PCR products by using 7 primer pairs that flanking those microsatellites (INRA008, INRA057, INRA062, INRA124, INRA126, DYS 199, INRA 189). PCR products were separated on 10 % of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and then silver staining method was used to detect allele polymorphism at each locus by manually. The analysis of cyt b gene variation was carried out by analysis of nucleotide cyt b gene sequences based on sequencing results of PCR product from amplification of cyt b gene region of mtDNA genome. From Y-chromosome microsatellite allelic polymorphism analysis showed only found limited allele (two alleles) by average 1.8. While, from heterozgousity level INRA 062 locus has higher value (h= 0.53) than others that found in Pesisir cattle population, also this locus has higher value of PIC (0.37). Because markers in Y chromosome, so it is a haplotype system. According to FAO, the specific allele must have minimum four distinct alleles per locus for proficient judgment of genetic differences between breeds. So, all locus in this research was not sufficient to categorized polymorphic allele. Nevertheless, locus INRA 062 could be considered in future study to get more information about polymorphism of this marker. Ychromosome microsatellite in general has tend to specific in breed comparing with autosomal chromosome, because allele come from only male or Y sex chromosome and it contrary to autosomal chromosome where allele is contributed from male and female. The nucleotides variation of cyt b gene showed that in general all population of cattle only has 39.56 % nucleotide conserve side comparing with Banteng (Bos javanicus) mtDNA. These phenomena could be assumed that the Indonesian native cattle has more genetic introgession of Bos indicus and Bos taurus breeds. But, from phylogenetic relationship, Bali cattle (both from Bali and Lombok) and Madura cattle have closer relationship to Banteng. Its means that two breeds are still have more genetic composition of Banteng. For Aceh and Pesisir cattle were have opportunity to increase the genetic potential as a local breeds, where based on this study has been founded any specific nucleotide sequences of cyt b gene to those breeds comparing with Bos taurus or Bos Indicus. For the next study we need more Y-chromosome microsatellite marker and also more mtDNA gene sequences to discriminate the Indonesian breeds related to tracking the genetic potential. Because the male cattle has roles in genetic spreading where could have an enormous impact on highly selected domestic animal populations and also in genetic conservations.
Keyword: Breed Spesific Allele, Y-chromosome Microsatellite

Judul: Pemanenan Energi Listrik dari Kincir Angin Vertikal
Abstrak: Usaha pemanenan energi angin di Indonesia masih sedikit. Sampai Tahun 2016 hanya 3.54 MW alat pemanenan energi angin yang sudah terpasang. Kendala utamanya ialah dibutuhkan investasi yang besar untuk membuatnya. Pembuatan kincir angin dengan ukuran yang lebih kecil dengan bahan yang dapat dibeli di pasar lokal menjadi solusi agar pembuatan kincir angin lebih ekonomis. Pembuatan kincir vertikal tipe Savonius dapat menjadi solusinya. Kincir vertikal Savonius dapat beroperasi pada kecepatan < 3 m/s dan ketinggian < 50 m. Kincir angin ini terdiri dari tiga sistem, yaitu generator, rotor kincir dan transmisi pulley-belt. Generator dibuat dari modifikasi motor AC dan magnet neodymium. Rotor kincir dibuat dari pipa PVC 4”, pipa alumunium ¾”, dan papan polikarbonat. Transmisi pulley-belt dibuat dari plastik dan karet. Kincir ini membutuhkan gaya minimal 3 N untuk dapat berputar atau torsi minimalnya 0.75 Nm. Kecepatan angin yang dibutuhkan untuk merotasikannya sebesar 1.9 m/s. Daya maksimal yang dapat dihasilkan ialah 5.76 watt berupa tegangan sebesar 36 volt dan arus 160 mA.
Keyword: energi terbarukan, generator, motor AC, sudu Savonius