Judul: Kajian Sistem Pengawasan Keamanan Pangan Oleh Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (Badan POM) Republik Indonesia
Abstrak: “Food nutrition and safety are the right of individuals and government has the responsibilty to assure that the need is adequately fulfilled”,was a statement made during FAO/WHO International Conference on Nutrition (ICN), Rome, 1992. In Indonesia, the safety of processed food is controlled by the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (NADFC) through regulations and policies developed in the country. The purposes of this study are (1) to determine the food control systems established by the NADFC, (2) to evaluate the implementation of the systems, and (3) to make recommendations for improvement of the existing systems. The research was conducted as follows: (1) identification of food safety control sytems by the NADFC, (2) identification and implementation result of food safety control systems by the NADFC, (3) to assess the adequacy of the systems and its implementation, and (4) make the recommendations for improvement of the existing systems. Data were collected from data in the NADFC. The study shows that the NADFC establishes a safety control system of the marketed food products in Indonesia by controlling the foods before and after foods are being marketed. As a preventive control, the pre-market assessment for processed food is done by evaluation of the nutrition content, hazards, production process, and the manufacturer. The pre-market control depends on the ability and competence of human resources as food evaluators as well as networks with other agencies responsible for certification system (GMP, HACPP, etc). The postmarket control is carried out by Technical Implementation Unit Provincial Office of NADFC in Indonesia that conducts inspection of food production facilities, food distribution facilities, as well as food sampling and testing. The activities are conducted using guidelines and technical guidance from the NADFC. The activities of post-market control is not adequately coordinated and orthoroughly analyized. Better coordination and analysis are needed to enable NADFC to evaluate the results of the post-market control thus they can be used toward program establishment in the future such as sampling priority and management of certain contaminants.
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Judul: Kajian Perumusan Standar dan Peraturan Keamanan Pangan di Indonesia
Abstrak: Our study found that the incompliance of the principles of good standard and regulation development in Indonesia were the most frequently cited by stakeholders as the main factor hindering standard implementation. Specifically; we indentified factors hindering standard implementation are lack of (i) information regarding regulation preparation, (ii) intensive discussions to consider the interests and active participation of all stakeholders; especially industrial stakeholders, (iii) relevancy of the established standards and regulations with the objective of consumer protection and existing condition of Indonesia food product, (iv) readiness of business and supporting element such as laboratory test. Our survey; coupled with focus discussion group involving standard stakeholders suggest that there is gap of perception between food industry and government regulatory agencies; especially on (i) transparency and (ii) effectivity and relevancy aspect of standard formulation and development. Improvement of transparency of formulation and development of food safety standards and regulations should be done by (i) publishing the standards in the website, (ii) providing access to SMEs and local institution to channel their opinions, and (iii) applying the current consensus standard-setting procedure established by National Standardization Agency (BSN). Moreover, improvement of effectivity and relevancy can be done by (i) conducting a base-line study to get the real picture of the existing condition of the products and industrial practices; especially with factors or parameters associated with the proposed standard, (ii) considering the readiness of the infrastructures (laboratories, human resources, etc.) needed to support the implementation of the proposed standard, (iii) considering national development dimensions; especially associated with (a) the readiness of SMEs, (b) the development of local foods, and (c) the competitiveness of Indonesian food products.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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