Judul: Pathogenicity Test of Enterococcus faecalis Field Isolate from Red Tilapia (Oreochromis hybrid) as Preliminary Information on Challenge Test
Abstrak: Ikan nila merah (Oreochromis hybrid) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan yang memiliki segmentasi pasar yang cukup luas. Streptococcosis merupakan salah satu penyakit yang sering terjadi pada budidaya ikan nila merah yang dapat menyebabkan kematian hingga kerugian secara ekonomi. Enterococcus faecalis merupakan salah satu bakteri streptokokal yang dapat menyebabkan streptococcosis pada ikan. Akan tetapi, informasi tentang dosis infeksi Enterococcus faecalis terhadap ikan nila merah masih belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis infeksi Enterococcus faecalis terhadap ikan nila merah. Sebanyak 70 ikan uji dibagi menjadi tujuh kelompok perlakuan yang mana masing-masing kelompok digunakan sebanyak sepuluh ekor ikan uji. Ikan uji dibedakan berdasarkan rute infeksinya, yaitu secara peroral (PO) dan intraperitonial (IP) yang masing-masing rute infeksi dibedakan menjadi empat kelompok berdasarkan konsentrasi bakteri sebesar 2,1 × 108 CFU mL-1 , 2,1 × 107 CFU mL-1 , 2,1 × 106 CFU mL-1 , dan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ikan mengalami gejala klinis hingga kematian dengan konsentrasi bakteri sebesar 2,1 × 108 CFU mL-1 baik melalui rute peroral (PO) maupun intraperitonial (IP). Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam melakukan uji tantang pada ikan yang sama maupun pada spesies lainnya., Red tilapia (Oreochromis hybrid) is an aquaculture commodity that has a reasonably comprehensive market segmentation. Streptococcosis is a disease that often occurs in red tilapia aquaculture, which can cause death and economic loss. Enterococcus faecalis is a streptococcal bacteria that can cause streptococcosis in fish. However, information about the dose of Enterococcus faecalis infection against red tilapia is still not widely known. This study aimed to determine the dose of Enterococcus faecalis infection against red tilapia. A total of 70 test fish were divided into seven treatment groups, in which ten test fish were used for each group. The test fish were differentiated based on the route of infection, namely orally (PO) and intraperitoneal (IP), each route of infection was divided into four groups based on the bacterial concentration of 2,1 × 108 CFU mL-1 , 2,1 × 107 CFU mL-1 , 2,1 × 106 CFU mL-1 , and control. The results showed that the fish experienced clinical symptoms to death with a bacterial concentration of 2,1 × 108 CFU mL-1 either via the oral route (PO) or intraperitoneal (IP). This study's results can be used as a reference in conducting challenge tests on the same fish and other species.
Keyword: red tilapia, streptococcosis, Enterococcus faecalis, pathogenicity test

Judul: Aplikasi sinbiotik melalui pakan pada Ikan Nila Merah Oreochromis niloticus yang diinfeksi Streptococcus agalactiae
Abstrak: One of the constraint on tilapia cultivation is presence of streptococcosis disease caused by Streptococcus agalactiae. Application of synbiotic is one of alternative in controlling the streptococcosis disease in red tilapia. The aims of this research were to compare the effectiveness of synbiotic application in feed fish in artificial feed (PB) and commercial feed (PK) to study the growth performance and to prevent the streptococcosis in red tilapia. Probiotic strain used in this research was NP5, whereas the prebiotic was prepared from extract of sweet potato from sukuh variety. Treatments in this research were positive control with feeding without supplementation of synbiotic & infected by S. agalactiae, negative control with feeding without supplementation of synbiotic & injected by PBS (Phosphate Buffer Saline), and feeding with the addition synbiotic & infected by S. agalactiae. Each treatment was tested on artificial feed (containing protein of 23%) and commercial feed (containing protein of 38%). Feeding treatment was given within first 30 days and on 31st day all fish (except negative control treatment) were challanged by intramuscularly injection of S. agalactiae (109 cfu/ml). The mortality rate was observed daily within 6 days. Result showed that the growth and the feed efficiency of fish fed by commercial feed was higher than that of artificial feed. Application of synbiotic could increase the feed efficiency in both of artificial feed and commercial feed although have not resulted the better growth. Moreover, the synbiotic could increase immune response and the survival rate of tilapia post challenge test. Treatment of synbiotic in commercial feed and artificial feed resulted survival rate of 83.33%, whereas the survival rate of positive control was only 25% (P<0.05).
Keyword: 

Judul: Pola Pernikahan Masyarakat Batak Karo di Perantauan
Abstrak: Pernikahan adalah budaya yang tidak akan pernah berhenti, pernikahan akan terjadi secara berkelanjutan Dasarnya, karena pernikahan merupakan kebutuhan biologis manusia. Indonesia adalah negara yang kaya akan budaya dan etnis. Setiap suku di Indonesia mempunyai tata cara/adat istiadat dalam pelaksanaan pernikahan itu sendiri. Begitupun dengan suku Batak karo yang mempunyai sendiri tata cara pelaksanaan pernikahan. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman Karo Banyak masyarakat yang merantau ke berbagai daerah di Indonesia, salah satunya Bogor berjalan-jalan. Masyarakat Karo yang merantau ke wilayah Bogor pada umumnya akan berusaha melakukan adaptasi ke negara tempat tinggal baru. Keadaan ini juga terjadi pada perkawinan Karo dalam pola adaptasi di Bogor. Namun adaptasi pernikahan masyarakat Karo di Bogor berupaya menjaga nilai-nilai budaya Karo dan sakralisme perkawinan. Mereka do Karo Dimodifikasi pada pola perkawinan, dengan tetap menjaga nilai budaya pernikahan.
Keyword: Weddings Karo, Adaptation marriage patterns, Attitudes