Judul: Impact of Trade Openness Service Sector on Economic Growth in ASEAN-6, Brazil and China
Abstrak: Nilai impor yang lebih tinggi, kontribusi sektor jasa relatif kecil dan restriksi perdagangan jasa masih relatif tinggi menjadi permasalahan dalam derajat keterbukaan perdagangan sektor jasa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat kinerja derajat keterbukaan perdagangan dan daya saing sektor jasa untuk lima komoditi unggulan yang meliputi travel, other business, transport, telecommunications, computer and information services dan government good and services serta dampak derajat keterbukaan perdagangan sektor jasa terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di ASEAN-6, China, dan Brazil. Metode yang digunakan adalah indikator RCA dan derajat keterbukaan perdagangan serta regresi data panel statis selama periode tahun 2015-2019. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa derajat keterbukaan perdagangan jasa tertinggi adalah Singapura, sedangkan daya saing tertinggi sektor jasa adalah Filipina. Hasil estimasi dari model regresi data panel statis menunjukkan bahwa derajat keterbukaan perdagangan sektor jasa dan pengeluaran pemerintah berdampak signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi., Higher import value, relatively small service sector contribution and service trade restrictions are still relatively high problems in service sector trade openness. The purpose of this study is to see the performance of trade openness and competitiveness of the service sector for five leading commodities including travel, other business, transport, telecommunications, computer and information services and government good and services as well as the impact of service sector trade openness on economic growth in ASEAN-6, China, and Brazil. The methods are RCA indicators and trade openness as well as regression of static panel data in 2015-2019. The results stated that the highest service trade openness is Singapore, the highest competitiveness of the service sector is Philippines. The estimation of the static panel data regression model shows that the openness of trade in the service sector and government spending have a significant impact on economic growth.
Keyword: ASEAN-6, Brazil and China, Competitiveness, Economic Growth, Trade Openness

Judul: The Impact of the Degree of Openness in the Manufacturing Sector on Economic Growth in ASEAN-6, China, and Brazil
Abstrak: Sektor manufaktur merupakan salah satu penggerak pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kinerja perdagangan di Indonesia. Akan tetapi, derajat keterbukaan manufaktur Indonesia masih tergolong rendah dibandingkan dengan negara lain serta terjadi penurunan keterbukaan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja derajat keterbukaan dan daya saing sektor manufaktur dan lima komoditas unggulan serta dampak derajat keterbukaan sektor manufaktur terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Analisis dilakukan pada delapan negara yaitu ASEAN-6, China, dan Brazil dengan periode tahun 2015-2019. Metode yang digunakan untuk menjawab tujuan pertama adalah analisis deskriptif, komparatif rasio derajat keterbukaan, dan RCA sedangkan untuk tujuan kedua menggunakan analisis regresi data panel statis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Vietnam merupakan negara dengan derajat keterbukaan sektor manufaktur tertinggi kemudian diikuti Singapura, Malaysia, Thailand, Filipina, China, Indonesia, dan Brazil. Dari sisi daya saing, sektor ini didominasi oleh negara Vietnam dan China. Meskipun demikian, Indonesia juga berdaya saing untuk pakaian jadi, alas kaki, benang tenun, kain tekstil, dan hasil-hasilnya serta kertas, kertas karton dan olahannya. Berdasarkan hasil estimasi regresi data panel diketahui bahwa derajat keterbukaan sektor manufaktur, tenaga kerja, inflasi, dan stabilitas politik secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi sedangkan Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di ASEAN-6, China, dan Brazil., The manufacturing sector is one of the drivers of economic growth and trade performance in Indonesia. However, the degree of openness of Indonesian manufacturing is still relatively low compared to other countries and there has been a decline in openness. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the performance of the degree of openness and competitiveness of the manufacturing sector and the five leading commodities and the impact of the degree of openness of the manufacturing sector on economic growth. The analysis was carried out on eight countries, namely ASEAN-6, China, and Brazil for the 2015-2019 period. The method used to answer the first objective is descriptive analysis, comparative degree of openness ratio, and RCA, while for the second objective, static panel data regression analysis is used. The results show that Vietnam is the country with the highest degree of openness in the manufacturing sector, followed by Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, China, Indonesia, and Brazil. In terms of competitiveness, this sector is dominated by Vietnam and China. However, Indonesia is also competitive for apparel, footwear, woven yarn, textile fabrics, and their products as well as paper, paperboard and their products. Based on the results of the panel data regression estimation, it is known that the degree of openness of the manufacturing sector, labor, inflation, and political stability significantly affect economic growth while Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has a negative and insignificant effect on economic growth in ASEAN-6, China, and Brazil.
Keyword: competitiveness, degree of openness of the manufacturing sector, economic growth, static panel data

Judul: Synthesis of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Made of Eggshells Through A Hydrothermal Method
Abstrak: Biphasic Calcium Phosphate mixed of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate. A hydrothermal method of synthesizing by mixing CaO as calcium source and (NH4)2HPO4 as phosphate source with distilled water. CaO got from calcination process made of eggshells. All samples were synthesized using hydrothermal reactor then followed by sintering process. The molar ratio of Ca and P for all samples was 0.5 M : 0.3 M. Hydrothermal temperature and sintering temperature were variated they are 250 ºC, 300 ºC for hydrothermal and 800 ºC, 900 ºC, 1000 ºC for sintering, higher treatment temperature, tricalcium phosphate appears. Final results of synthesis were characterized by using X-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared. X-ray Diffraction patterns was ecompared with database Join Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards and found tricalcium phosphate and hydoxyapatite.
Keyword: biphasic calcium phosphate, hydrothermal, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate