Judul: Penambatan Molekuler secara In Silico dan Aktivitas Nanoenkapsulat Kurkuminoid secara In Vitro sebagai Potensi Anti Penuaan Dini.
Abstrak: Kolagenase merupakan senyawa pendegradasi kolagen dan teraktivasi oleh reactive oxygen species sehingga dapat menyebabkan penuaan kulit. Penuaan kulit dapat diatasi oleh produk yang mengandung antioksidan. Suatu senyawa yang memiliki kemampuan dalam mereduksi radikal bebas belum tentu dapat menghambat kolagenase. Kurkuminoid memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, namun bioavailabilitasnya rendah. Peningkatan bioavailabilitas kurkuminoid dapat dilakukan dengan pembuatan nanopartikel. Penelitian bertujuan menguji potensi kurkumin dan turunannya dalam menghambat kolagenase melalui penambatan molekuler dan potensi nanoenkapsulat kurkuminoid sebagai anti penuaan dini secara in vitro. Penambatan molekuler dilakukan antara kolagenase dengan senyawa kurkumin dan turunannya. Nanoenkapsulat kurkuminoid diuji aktivitas antioksidannya menggunakan DPPH dan dianalisis ukuran serta kestabilan nanoenkapsulat kurkuminoid menggunakan PSA (particle size analyzer) dan Zetasizer. Hasil penambatan diperoleh senyawa kurkumin dan turunannya dapat tertambat pada sisi aktif kolagenase. Nanoenkapsulat kurkuminoid memiliki ukuran sebesar 180.3 nm, indeks polidispersitas sebesar 0.476, dan potensial zeta sebesar -45.1 mV. Serbuk enkapsulat memiliki kadar air sebesar 2.16% serta mengandung kurkuminoid sebesar 1.038 mg/g enkapsulat. Aktivitas antioksidan pada nanoenkapsulat kurkuminoid memiliki IC50 sebesar 2.62 μg/mL.
Keyword: antioksidan, antipenuaan, nanoenkapsulat-kurkuminoid, kolagenase, kurkuminoid

Judul: Virtual Screening Natural Polyphenol Compounds as Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 for Anti Photoaging and Photocarcinogenesis
Abstrak: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) menjadi enzim yang paling banyak dipicu aktivitasnya oleh sinar UV dan bertanggung jawab terhadap degradasi kolagen. Degradasi kolagen menjadi penyebab utama photoaging dan photocarcinogenesis. Berbagai senyawa aktif telah diteliti aktivitasnya sebagai inhibitor MMP-1, termasuk senyawa polifenol. Saat ini, lebih dari 8000 jenis polifenol telah diidentifikasi di berbagai tanaman dan belum semuanya diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyaring polifenol alami dari database sebagai inhibitor MMP-1 terbaik. Tahap awal penelitian yaitu dilakukan penapisan virtual 408 polifenol alami menggunakan PyRx dan prediksi bioavailabilitas serta toksisitas menggunakan pkCSM dan Protox online tool, dilanjutkan dengan penambatan molekuler menggunakan AutoDock Vina serta visualisasi 2D dengan LigPlot+ dan 3D dengan PyMol. Terdapat empat senyawa yang diprediksi potensial sebagai inhibitor MMP-1 untuk anti photoaging dan photocarcinogenesis, yaitu luteolinidin, hispidulin, demetoksikurkumin, dan kurkumin. Luteolinidin dan hispidulin menghambat dengan mengkelat Zn katalitik, sedangkan demetoksikurkumin dan kurkumin tanpa mengkelat Zn katalitik, tetapi membentuk interaksi lebih banyak pada kantong S1’. Demetoksikurkumin memiliki kemampuan menghambat terbaik dengan ΔG -10,0 kkal/mol, Ki 0,05 µM, dan BSS 66,77%., Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is the enzyme that is mostly triggered by UV rays and it is responsible for collagen degradation. Degradation of collagen is the main cause of photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Various active compounds have been studied for their activity as MMP-1 inhibitors, including polyphenol compounds. Recently, more than 8000 types of polyphenols have been identified in various plants and not all of them have been studied. The research aims to screen virtualy natural polyphenols from database as the best MMP-1 inhibitors. First step of the research is virtual screening of 408 natural polyphenols using PyRx and prediction of bioavailability also toxicity using pkCSM and Protox online tool, followed by molecular docking using AutoDock Vina and 2D visualization with LigPlot+ also 3D with PyMol. There are four compounds predicted as potential MMP-1 inhibitors for anti photoaging and photocarcinogenesis, such as luteolinidin, hispidulin, demethoxicurcumin, and curcumin. Luteolinidin and hispidulin are inhibit by chelating catalytic Zn, whereas demethoxycurcumin and curcumin do not chelate catalytic Zn, but they are form more interactions in the S1' pocket. Demethoxycurcumin has the best inhibitory ability with ΔG -10,0 kcal/mol, Ki 0,05 M, and BSS 66,77%.
Keyword: MMP-1, penapisan virtual, photoaging, photocarcinogenesis, polifenol alami

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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