Judul: Analisis keragaman genetik kerbau lokal (Bubalus bubalis) berdasarkan haplotipe DNA mitokondria
Abstrak: Mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) in vertebrate is a circular double stranded DNA molecule. It has a high mutation rate and strictly maternally inherited. This research was conducted to investigate the diversity among local buffalos based on mtDNA’s control region. Samples that were used in this research were native buffalos from 10 Jawa Tengah, 12 Nusa Tenggara Barat, 10 Sumatera Utara and 12 Banten. By in vitro amplification with Polymorphism Chain Reaction method (PCR) using a pair of primer AF22 and AF23, yielded 1145 base pair long. The selected region is a segment spanning the region of end part 3’ cyt-b gene through the partial of the 3’ control region (d-loop). The PCR product was digested with four restriction enzymes, which were AluI (AG↓CT), HaeIII (GG↓CC), HinfI (G↓AnTC) and MspI (C↓CGG). Two haplotypes were detected among 44 samples. The nucleotide diversity among these haplotypes is 0,17%. Haplotype 1 found in all sample locations, while haplotype 2 was only found in one sample from Sumatera Utara. Genetically, the buffalos from Jawa Tengah, Nusa Tenggara Barat and Banten guessed have a same origin heredity (D = 0,000) and they have a near kinship with Sumatera Utara’s buffalo (D= 0,0061).
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Judul: Genetic diversity of microsatellite and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in Indonesian Buffalo
Abstrak: This study aims to determine genetic diversity in Indonesian buffaloes using microsatellite markers and cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. The sample used in this study were 211 samples of buffaloes (30 samples of swamp buffaloes from Aceh, North Sumatra, Banten, Central Java, West Nusa Tenggara, South Sulawesi, and 19 samples from Riau) and 12 samples of river buffaloes from North Sumatra. Microsatellite markers used were CSSM66, ILSTS61, and ILSTS17 loci. Microsatellite data in term of observed number of alleles (na); effective number of alleles (ne); Observed heterozygosity (Ho); Expected heterozygosity (He); and polymorphism information content (PIC) were analyzed by GenAlEx 6.41 and Cervus 3.1. COI gene sequences were analyzed using MEGA 5.1 software with the Neighbor-joining method and kimura 2 parameter substitution models. This study showed that CSSM66 loci had two alleles and two genotypes. ILSTS61 loci had five alleles and 14 genotypes. ILSTS17 loci had two alleles and three genotypes. Microsatellite genetic distance between populations could separate Indonesian swamp buffalo. The reconstructed phylogeny tree based on COI gene sequences were able to distinguish Subspecies of swamp buffalo and river buffalo. COI gene sequences showed four haplotypes for Indonesian swamp buffalo, namely H1, H2, H3 and H4.
Keyword: genetic diversity, microsatellite, COI, Indonesian buffalo

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4