Judul: Kandungan Total Flavonoid dan Kapasitas Antioksidan Buah Kapulaga (Amomum compactum) Asal Bogor, Sukabumi, dan Ciamis
Abstrak: Banyak penyakit yang diderita manusia diawali oleh reaksi oksidasi radikal bebas yang berlebih di dalam tubuh. Buah kapulaga (Amomum compactum) merupakan salah satu rempah yang mengandung antioksidan. Analisis untuk mencari buah kapulaga dengan potensi antioksidan terbaik belum pernah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengukur kandungan flavonoid serta kapasitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol 80% dan etil asetat buah kapulaga asal Bogor (kapulaga putih dan merah), Sukabumi (kapulaga putih) dan Ciamis (kapulaga putih) dengan metode DPPH dan CUPRAC. Kandungan total flavonoid tertinggi yaitu ekstrak etil asetat kapulaga asal Ciamis sebesar 2.26±0.27 mg QE/g bobot kering. Uji antioksidan dengan metode DPPH menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat kapulaga merah asal Bogor memiliki kapasitas antioksidan tertinggi sebesar 0.40±0.02 μmol TE/g bobot kering. Hasil berbeda diperoleh pada pengujian antioksidan dengan metode CUPRAC yaitu kapasitas antioksidan tertinggi terdapat pada ekstrak etanol kapulaga putih asal Bogor sebesar 36.42±0.61 μmol TE/g bobot kering. Perbedaan hasil pengujian dapat disebabkan oleh peran senyawa lain yang terkandung pada sampel, asal tanaman, umur, dan kondisi lingkungan tempat tumbuh.
Keyword: antioksidan, buah kapulaga, radikal bebas, total flavonoid

Judul: Optimasi Pelarut Ekstraksi Buah Kapulaga Jawa (Amomum compactum) Terhadap Kandungan Fenolik, Flavonoid, Dan Kapasitas Antioksidan
Abstrak: Tanaman kapulaga jawa (Amomum compactum) merupakan salah satu tanaman rempah yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan karena mempunyai kandungan metabolit sekunder berupa fenolik dan flavonoid. Pemilihan konsentrasi pelarut dan pH yang tepat merupakan hal yang penting dalam proses ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis variasi pH dan konsentrasi etanol yang optimum terhadap kandungan fenolik, flavonoid, dan kapasitas antioksidan dari buah kapulaga jawa dengan teknik microwave assisted extraction (MAE). Rancangan optimasi pelarut dibuat menggunakan Design Expert 13.0 dengan metode Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar total fenolik optimum etanol 53% dan pH 3,1. Kadar total flavonoid optimum pada etanol 30% dan pH 2,8. Kapasitas antioksidan DPPH (2,2’-dipenil-1-pikrilhidrazil ) dan FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) optimum pada etanol 70% pH 3,96. Solusi optimasi yang didapat yaitu penggunaan etanol 57,627% dan pH 3,402 dengan nilai desirability 0,684.
Keyword: Antioxidants, phenolics, flavonoids, microwave assisted extraction, javanese cardamom

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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