Judul: Beberapa Aspek Biologi Acerophagus papayae Noyes & Schauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Parasitoid Kutu Putih Pepaya
Abstrak: Acerophagus papayae Noyes & Schauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) merupakan parasitoid dari kutu putih pepaya, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari berbagai aspek biologi A. papayae, yang meliputi pengaruh madu terhadap masa hidup imago; keperidian dan progeni; kerentanan dan preferensi fase inang; dan pengaruh fase inang terhadap masa perkembangan pradewasa, ukuran tubuh dan nisbah kelamin progeni parasitoid. Pengaruh diet madu terhadap masa hidup imago A. papayae dilakukan pada kondisi tanpa inang. Keperidian dihitung berdasarkan banyaknya kutu putih yang terparasit. Kerentanan dan preferensi dilakukan dengan memaparkan kutu putih nimfa instar-2, instar-3, dan imago prareproduksi pada parasitoid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan imago parasitoid yang diberi madu 10% hidup empat kali lipat lebih lama daripada yang hanya diberi air. Imago A. papayae memarasit sebanyak 30.1±4.92 ekor kutu putih, dengan kisaran 13-60 ekor, selama 5.8 hari masa hidupnya. Uji kerentanan dan preferensi menunjukkan bahwa parasitoid lebih memilih nimfa instar-2 dan instar-3. Pada uji tanpa pilihan dan pilihan berpasangan, persentase inang yang terparasit lebih tinggi pada instar-2 dan instar-3 dibandingkan pada imago. Rataan masa perkembangan pradewasa parasitoid lebih lama pada inang instar lanjut, dan masa perkembangan jantan lebih singkat daripada betina. Imago betina parasitoid yang muncul dari inang yang diparasit saat instar-3 dan imago berukuran lebih besar daripada yang diparasit saat instar-2. Nisbah kelamin progeni parasitoid yang berasal dari inang yangdiparasit saat instar-2 bias jantan, sedangkan fase inang lanjut menghasilkan lebih banyak betina daripada jantan.
Keyword: Acerophagus papayae, Paracoccus marginatus, parasitoid

Judul: Biologi perkembangan dan neraca hayati kutu putih pepaya, Paracoccus marginatus (Williams and Granara de Willink) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) pada tiga jenis tumbuhan inang
Abstrak: The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), has been considered as a new invasive pest causing heavy damage on papaya in Indonesia since 2008. The pest is polyphagous with more than 55 host plant species. Study was conducted in laboratory with the objectives to determine developmental biology and life table parameters of the mealybug feeding on papaya, physic nut, and cassava leaves. Host plant species affected papaya mealybug performances. Egg stage lasted 7,25, 8,09, and 9,86 d on papaya, physic nut, and cassava, respectively. The shortest female nymphal developmental time was on papaya (18,91 d) and the longest on cassava (32,45 d). Longevity of adult males ranged from 1,09-2,85 d while females 12,29-14,93 d, respectively. When the mealybugs were reared on a seedling, the fecundity was higher on papaya (324,6) than those of physic nut (186,6) and cassava (157,5). No egg production occurred in virgin females. The sex ratio of P. marginatus favoured females, which comprised about 90% of population on papaya and cassava. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was significantly different among hosts, with the highest rate (0,117 female offspring/female/d) occured on papaya, followed by physic nut (0,079) and cassava (0,057). The maximum values of rm along with net reproductive rate (Ro) and finite rate of increase (λ), and the shortest mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) on papaya, indicating that papaya was the most favorable host plant for P. marginatus.
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Judul: Penerapan teknik watermarking untuk penandaan hak cipta pada peta vektor dengan format DXF
Abstrak: Drawing Interchange Format (DXF) is one of the general file in the field of the vector image commonly used for making maps. The DXF format is a tagged data representation of all the information contained in an AutoCAD drawing (DWG) file. Tagged data means that each data element in the watermark is preceded by an integer number called the group code. The study was carried out because there is still no tools of labeling the copyright on digital mapping using DXF file. This study aims to generate an application for copyright labeling on vector map with DXF format that can be applied to any types of spatial objects in the map. The technique used is changing the code inside the vector image. The insertion of the watermark is done by utilizing ENTITIES section by multiplying objects for sets of binary values. The results showed that the image after the watermarking insertion process is the same as the original vector image. Embedded watermark is resistant to rotation and scaling, however it has the possibility of one-third to be broken in the attack on specific object. This study has successfully implemented watermarking technique for copyright labeling on the vector map with DXF format.
Keyword: Drawing Interchange Format, Robust Watermark, Tagged Data, Vector Image, Watermarking