Judul: Pemanfaatan cendawan endofit dalam pengendalian busuk umbi (Fusarium oxysporum) pada bawang merah (Allium cepa var. aggregatum)
Abstrak: Yellow disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum is an important disease on shallot which may cause 50% yield loss. The ability to spread rapidly and to survive longer in a suitable soil condition are two main factors causing its difficult to control. Many report on potential of endophytic fungi as biological control agents has been published. The aim of this research was to study the ability of endophytic fungi to suppress the development of yellow disease. The pathogenicity test of endophytic fungi isolates to shallot seeds was carried out in the laboratory and grouped them into pathogenic (growth percentage of 0%-95%), potential pathogenic (95%-99%), and nonpathogenic (100%) isolates. The effectiveness of chosen isolates (PUP1 (70%), HAP2, AAP1, MAT7 (97%) and HAP1, AAP2, AAT, PAP4, PAT3 (100%)) was evaluated in greenhouse by dipping the germinated seeds in a suspension of each isolate and inoculating the testing plant with pathogenic F. oxysporum when it was 14 days old. The effectiveness test in greenhouse showed that all treatments of endophytic fungi had an ability to suppress the development of yellow disease, significantly different to control. The percentage of highest disease incidence was shown by MAT7 isolate (38.75%) with lowest efficacy rate (34.04%) whilst the lowest disease incidence showed by PAP4 (22.50%) and PUP1 (21.25%) isolates with the highest efficacy rate (61.70% and 63.83% respectively).
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), yellow disease, Fusarium oxysporum, endophytic fungi, biological control, antagonism

Judul: Seleksi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Endofit serta Senyawa Bioaktif yang dihasilkan sebagai Pengendali Pertumbuhan Fusarium proliferatum.
Abstrak: Bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) merupakan tanaman hortikultura yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi. Faktor penurunan produksi bawang merah salah satunya penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh serangan F. proliferatum. Serangan F. proliferatum menyebabkan bawang merah mengalami kematian hingga 62.2%. Fusarium proliferatum menyerang pada fase pertumbuhan tanaman yang ditandai warna akar menjadi coklat kekuningan, terbentuk nekrotik, lembab, mudah hancur dan membuat umbi busuk sehingga menyebabkan penurunan hasil panen. Upaya pengendalian F. proliferatum umumnya menggunakan pestisida sintetis, namun keberadaannya di lingkungan dapat merugikan, berbahaya bagi manusia akibat residu yang tertinggal pada tumbuhan dan resistensi patogen. Pengendalian secara hayati F. proliferatum yaitu menggunakan agens biologi misalnya bakteri endofit. Bakteri endofit diketahui memiliki kemampuan untuk menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif anticendawan yang efektif melawan patogen tanaman seperti bawang merah, jagung, padi, dsb. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi dan melakukan karakterisasi bakteri endofit penghasil senyawa bioaktif yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan F. proliferatum. Isolat bakteri endofit dan cendawan patogen F. proliferatum menggunakan isolat hasil penelitian sebelumnya dengan kode ABP5.2, BBP5.2, DBP4.1, dan DBP4.2. Metode yang digunakan mencakup 1) uji hambatan bakteri endofit terhadap F. proliferatum, 2) uji hipersensitivitas, patogenisitas, dan hemolisis, 3) identifikasi isolat terpilih berdasarkan gen 16S rRNA, 4) ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif dari bakteri endofit, 5) uji aktivitas anticendawan ekstrak kasar, 6) fraksinasi senyawa antimikrob dari bakteri endofit potensial, 7) uji bioautografi senyawa antimikrob, serta 8) identifikasi senyawa antimikrob dengan GC-MS. Isolat bakteri endofit asal tanaman bawang merah ABP5.2, BBP5.2, dan DBP4.1 memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap F. proliferatum serta tidak bersifat patogen bagi manusia dan tanaman. Isolat ABP5.2 terindentifikasi memiliki kemiripan dengan Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sedangkan isolat BBP5.2 dan DBP4.1 memiliki kemiripan dengan Myroides profundi. Isolat BBP5.2 mampu menekan pertumbuhan cendawan patogen tertinggi yaitu sebesar 68.15% melalui mekanisme antibiosis secara langsung yaitu produksi senyawa anticendawan. Berdasarkan analisis Gas Chromathography Mass Spectrophotometry, senyawa yang dihasilkan ekstrak kasar dari isolat BBP5.2 antara lain Hexadecanoic acid, 9- octadecenoic acid, linoleic acid dan piperine.
Keyword: Allium cepa, antifungal compounds, Myroides profundi, 16S rRNA

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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