Judul: Dampak Pencemaran Pertambangan Emas Tanpa Ijin terhadap Ikan Baung (Mystus nemurus) di Sungai Cikaniki, Kawasan Pongkor, Bogor.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan umtuk mengetahui kadar merkuri dalam air sungai, sedimen, daging ikan dan organ tubuh ikan (insang, hati, ginjal) secara hispotalogis.
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Judul: Potensi pencemaran merkuri(Hg) pada aliran sungai Cikaniki dan Cisarua sebagai akibat kegiatan penambangan emas di sekitar Pongkor, Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Pongkor diketahui merupakan area penambangan emas yang dilakukan baik oleh instansi resmi maupun penambang emas tanpa ijin (PETI). Aktivitas demikian dapat memberikan sumbangan terhadap pencemaran air sungai akibat penggunaan merkuri dalam kegiatan tersebut. Potensi pencemaran yang terjadi dapat merupakan fungsi dari jumlah penambang yang terlibat, jumlah merkuri yang digunakan, dan kondisi lingkungan seperti curah hujan sebagai faktor pengencer air sungai. milik APB Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi terjadinya pencemaran merkuri di lokasi penambangan emas Pongkor, Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan di Sungai Cikaniki dan Sungai Cisarua, Desa Bantar Karet dan Desa Cisarua Kecamatan Nanggung Kabupaten Bogor. Sedangkan analisis laboratorium dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisika-Kimia-Biologi Perairan. Jurusan Manajemen Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Hasil analisis laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi air raksa pada sungai yang diamati berkisar antara 0,05ppb sampai 0,4ppb atau rata-rata 0.18ppb, sedangkan konsentrasi air raksa pada endapan sungai pada kedalaman 20cm dan 50cm adalah 0,2ppb dan 0,3ppb. Nilai tersebut lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kajian serupa yang dilakukan pada tahun 2003. Meskipun demikian, beberapa nilai pengamatan diketahui melebihi ambang batas yang ditetapkan oleh World Health Organization (WHO)...
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm