Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan dan keefektifan penyaringan air Sungai Ciliwung terhadap beberapa sifat fisik dan kimia air dengan bahan penyaring pasir, ijuk, arang dan campuran pasir-ijuk, pasirarang, arang-ijuk, dan pasir-ijuk-arang. Contoh air diambil dari Sungai Ciliwung di lokasi Gadog, Bogor dan Jakarta. Hasil penyaringan dilihat peranannya untuk kebutuhan air minum baku.
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Judul: Analisis beban pencemaran Sungai Cihideung sebagai bahan baku pengolahan air di Kampus IPB Darmaga
Abstrak: Kampus Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) berada di Kecamatan Darmaga Kabupaten Bogor saat ini melayani hampir 21.000 orang, yaitu mahasiswa, dosen dan tenaga kependidikan. Untuk keperluan air bersih didapatkan dengan melakukan pengolahan sendiri dengan memakai bahan baku dari Sungai Cihideung. Aktivitas di sekitar sungai Cihideung membuat air sungai mudah tercemar oleh bermacam limbah pertanian, perikanan, industri dan limbah cair domestik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menghitung beban pencemaran air Sungai Cihideung sebagai bahan baku pengolahan air di Kampus IPB Darmaga, mengetahui kualitas air sungai sebelum dan sesudah pengolahan air dengan menganalisis parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi. Hasil pengukuran karakteristik kualitas air yang diperoleh dibandingkan dengan standar baku mutu berdasarkan PP Nomor 82 Tahun 2001. Status kualitas lingkungan Sungai Cihideung ditetapkan dengan menggunakan metode STORET yang terdapat pada Lampiran II Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup No. 115 Tahun 2003. Analisis data utama yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah penentuan beban pencemaran dan penentuan status mutu air sungai. Data sampel air diambil dengan 3 kali ulangan pada 5 titik stasiun yang membuang limbah paling banyak yang ada di sepanjang Sungai Cihideung. Analisis data sosial tentang kebutuhan air di Kampus IPB Darmaga adalah berupa wawancara dan kuisioner kepada pengguna air di Kampus IPB Darmaga yang bersifat diskriptif.
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Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis