Judul: Effect of Sheep Farming Wasre to Chemical Characteristics of Family Clean Water Source in Two Villages with Different Topography in Bogor Prefecture
Abstrak: Sheep farming waste especially dung, urine and feed residues mixed with them have some potential to be used as fertilizer. Generally these waste are heaped up for a long time until reservoir under the stall gets full. The biggest worly is that waste heap under the stall could pollute family environment especially clean water sources. This research was conducted in Sukajadi village, sub district Ciomas (600-700 m dpl) and Cihideung Ilir village sub district Ciampea (180-220 m dpl) Bogor Prefecture on September 1999-February 2000. Materials used were sheep farmers in both villages. Primary data was collected by direct interview using questionaire to 50 respondents in Sukajadi village and 47 in Cihideung Ilir village. Analysis of 24 clean water source samples was done in Laboratorium of Animal Product Teclmology, Laboratorium of Dairy Cattle Production at Faculty of Animal Husbandry IPB aud in Laboratorium of Life Enviromnent Research Center (PPLH) IPB Bogor. Chemical characteristics tested were acidity @H), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), ortophosphate and total microbes. Data collected was descriptively analized and data of chemical characteristics was compared with water quality standard according to PP RI No. 20 year 1990 and KepMen KLH No. 02/Men-KLH/I/1988. Statistical analysis used were t and correlation test.
Keyword: 

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Dairy cattle farming represent one of environment pollution sources in agricultural sector. Most of dairy farming's in Indonesia are managed in the forms of small holder farming's that give more attention to productivity rather than ecological concerns. The purpose of this study was to make models and their behavior of dairy cattle animal waste pollution on clean water quality and degree of smell at several regions with different natural physical and economic social conditions. This study also investigated the animal waste management that match with the farmer's condition in each region. Model compiled based on to component situation of livestock, environment and farmers condition. Data obtained from result of field observation, laboratory analysis and literature and also statistical of relevant institution. Determination of regional sarnpel of sub-province or town until chosen countryside conducted with multistage sampling without randomization (purposive sampling). Model simulation with program of Powesim 2 . 5 ~ . Based on the result of research can be concluded that 1) low natural physical region and low economic social condition had animal waste can to pollute of environment, 2) The waste management for the region with high natural physical and high economic social of bio gas, for regional with high natural phwical and lw social economics is by selling waste go out ranch location, composting for the region with low natural physical and high economic social, and composting accompanied by removing to excess of animal waste for regional with low natural physical and low economic social, 3) high natural physical region had the potential to realize sustainable small holder dairy cattle, while low natural physical region the availibility of water and forage represent aspect which need to get attention.
Keyword: 

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf