Judul: Valuation of ecological benefit of treescanopy and greenery open space of malang city using GIS techniques
Abstrak: Amenity and quality of urban environment influenced by the availability and existence of the urban tree canopy of the city. This study aims to identify, analyze, predictand valuatethe ecological benefits of tree’s canopyof Malang City, andprovide possible recommendations in order to increase the capacity of its urban ecosystem.This research uses descriptive quantitative method, include valuation ofecological benefits analysis of tree canopy and recommendation development analysis. Valuation is done by spatial analysis used GIS techniques by analyze trees canopy and non trees canopy cover to predict the ecosystem capacity. CITYgreen 5.4 extention is used to calculate and predict its benefit base on the extend of trees canopy cover.SWOT and QSPM (Quantitative Stratetig Planning Matrix) approach is usedto analyze and develop a possible recomendation for increasing ecosystem capacity of Malang City. Recommendations have been prepared based on results from both types of analysis. Research result shows, the greatest benefit is the capacity of stormwater control,and concluded that pollutants removal (31.8 tons/year, with the economic value of Rp. 1,552,356,000.00) and carbon absorbance (Carbon storage capacity of 435 tons and carbon sequestration capacity is 2460 pounds/year) are less significant impact in environmental capacity . Both of these capacities failed to give significant benefits due to the lack of quantity of trees canopy cover in the city of Malang (only 4% of total city). Value of ecological benefits of Malang city ecosystem currently provides Rp.26.330.985.000or 30.25% of total received of city revenue (Rp. 87,115,734,710). Basedon the results of the SWOT and QSPM analysis known that strategic priorities of capacity development is the restructuring of poor urban ecosystems and change the orientation of development policies into ecosystem-based and community based to fulfill national standard of greenery open space requirement for Indonesian city.
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Judul: Rancang bangun sistem pengelolaan ruang terbuka hijau untuk pembangunan kota hijau
Abstrak: Greenery open space is a fundamental part of urban development and management in sustaining the quality of urban environment and the welfare of urban dwellers. A high rate of population growth and limited land owned causing the growth of physical development in the city is done by converting such green open space, agricultural land, forest and other open space for urban development purposes. This study is intended to analyze total value of greenery open space ecological benefits of Bogor City, and provide possible recommendations in order to increase the capacity of its urban ecosystem. This analytical framework is applied to Bogor City considering its peculiarities of greenery open space existence and architectures. The research was conducted by spatial approach through CITYGreen 5.4 software to determine the ecological benefits of greenery open space, based on the trees canopy cover and non trees canopy cover to predict the economic value. CityGreen is a software tool developed by American Forest that helps people understand the value of trees to the local environment. The result showed that CITYGreen 5.4 software can be used to conduct complex analysis of ecosystem services and create easy to understand reports.The software calculate dollar benefits for the services provided by the trees and other greenery open space in absorbed such harmfull pollutants, carbon storage and sequestration, and reducing storm water volumes as natural flood control. The capacity of ecological benefit can still be improved to provide greater benefits in various ways. This software will be very beneficial for city planners in evaluate site plan, and model development scenario that capture the benefits of trees.
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Judul: Transisi Fasa Materi Hadronik ke Materi Kuark pada Inti Bintang Neutron.
Abstrak: Bintang neutron terdiri dari beberapa lapisan yang disusun oleh materi nuklir yang berbeda dengan kerapatan yang semakin tinggi ketika mendekati pusat bintang. Inti luar bintang neutron disusun oleh materi hadronik (nukleon, lepton, dan hyperon), sedangkan inti dalam bintang neutron disusun oleh kuark-kuark bebas (up, down, strange) yang saling berinteraksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari bagaimana transisi dari inti luar ke inti dalam bintang neutron dengan menggunakan pendekatan RMF (Relativistic Mean Field) untuk materi hadronik dan CIDDM (Confined Isospin Density Dependent Mass) untuk materi kuark. Tekanan transisi diperoleh ketika potensial kimia barion materi hadronik dan materi kuark bernilai sama. Nilai tekanan transisi dengan parameter SU6-TM1 sekitar 87 MeV/fm3 dan diperoleh massa maksimum bintang neutron yaitu 1.92M dengan jari-jari sekitar 8.62 km. Nilai tekanan transisi dengan parameter SU6-G2 sekitar 53 MeV/fm3 dan massa maksimum bintang neutron yaitu 1.88M dengan jari-jari sekitar 8.16 km. Jenis transisi fasa adalah orde satu ditandai dengan diskontinuitas dalam kerapatan energi (adanya mixed phase). Parameter-parameter pada model nuklir yang digunakan menyebabkan perbedaan kekakuan persamaan keadaan (EOS) dari materi hadronik dan materi kuark sehingga nilai tekanan transisi dari fasa hadronik ke fasa kuark juga berbeda.
Keyword: bintang neutron, persamaan keadaan, transisi fasa