Judul: Analysis of the Effect of  Formulation Variables on the Physicochemical Properties of Biopolymer  Microspheres
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi variabel formulasi terhadap sifat fisikokimia mikrosfer berbahan dasar biopolimer. Metode yang digunakan adalah meta-analisis dengan pendekatan regresi linear sederhana. Variabel formulasi mikrosfer seperti kecepatan emulsifikasi, rasio obat-polimer, dan konsentrasi penaut silang berperan sebagai variabel bebas. Sifat fisikokimia mikrosfer seperti ukuran partikel, efisiensi enkapsulasi (%EE), dan laju pelepasan obat (%Drugrelease) berperan sebagai variabel terikat. Penarikan kesimpulan dilakukan berdasarkan nilai p-value, koefisien determinasi (R2), dan gradien. Morfologi mikrosfer diamati menggunakan citra hasil uji SEM. Interaksi obat polimer juga dianalisis melalui hasil uji DSC untuk analisis termal dan uji FTIR untuk analisis gugus fungsi., This study aims to analyze the effect of various formulation variables on the physicochemical properties of biopolymer microspheres. The method used is meta-analysis with a simple linear regression approach. The microsphere formulation variables such as stirring speed, drug-polymer ratio, and crosslinker concentration act as independent variables. The physicochemical properties of microspheres such as particle size, encapsulation efficiency (%EE), and drug release rate (%Drugrelease) act as dependent variables. Conclusions are drawn based on the p-value, the coefficient of determination (R2), and the gradient. The morphology of the microspheres was observed using SEM results. Drug-polymer interactions were also analyzed by DSC for thermal analysis and FTIR for functional group analysis.
Keyword: biopolymer, meta-analysis,, microspheres, physicochemical properties

Judul: Degradasi in vitro mikrosfer polipaduan poli(asam laktat) dan poli (kaprolakton)
Abstrak: Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) are examples of polymer that can be used as a matrix in drug delivery system because of its degradability property. Drug encapsulation system could be achieved by microspheres formation with emulsion method. The aim of this research was to examine in vitro degradation of microspheres obtained from PLA-PCL polyblend at pH 7.4. Several stages in the study consisted of PLA synthesis, mixing of PLA-PCL in polyblend, microspheres formation, shape and texture observation, and in vitro degradation test. Synthesis PLA produced a polymer with molecular weight 6064 g/mol. Microspheres were formed by emulsification with polyvinylalcohol (PVA) 1.5% (v/v) as an emulsifier. Physical texture of the microspheres was observed with stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Degradation was analyzed weekly by measuring its molecular weight and viscosity using a digital viscometer, while its weight loss was measured using an analytical balance. The results showed that the composition of PLA microspheres: PCL (9:1) had degradation time faster than the others and it also affected morphological structure, viscosity, and weight of microsphere during degradation analysis. The higher the PLA composition the lower the viscosity value, therefore, the lower the molecular weight of microspheres. During degradation time, viscosity value and weight loss percentage decreased gradually. Kinetics of microsphere weight loss followed between zero and first order kinetic model.
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Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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