Judul: Analisis Konvergensi Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja AntarProvinsi di Indonesia
Abstrak: Each province wants to make the process of sustainable development with their regions autonomy. For 13 years running regional autonomy, there is still disparity in Indonesian. This has resulted in a variety of ways, especially labor productivity. During the analysis period, the average of labor productivity highest at Jakarta amounted to 87,16 million rupiah per person and the lowest at NTT amounted to 5,72 million rupiah per person. The purpose of this study is to map the provinces in Indonesia seen from the growth rate of labor productivity and labor productivity value, analyze the degree of disparity in labor productivity, and to analyze process of labor productivity among provinces in Indonesia shows a convergent or divergent process. The research uses dynamic panel data of 33 provinces from 2005 to 2012. Results from the mapping showed that the change of position of the province in 2005 and 2012. Based on analysis of regional disparity found that the labor productivity gap between provinces in Indonesia fluctuating from year to year and tends to decrease. Based on data processing using the SYSGMM obtained that the process of convergence in labor productivity occurred in Indonesia.
Keyword: Dynamic Panel Data, Labor Productivity, Convergence

Judul: Disparity, convergence, and determinant of regional labour productivity in Indonesia
Abstrak: Generally, economic development has focused on an effort to increase economic growth which is closely related to national income both in total and per capita term. It aims to improve citizen’s welfare as a final goal. The result of economic growth is expected to be distributed evenly throughout the citizen so that the socio-economic issues such as unemployment, poverty, income distribution inequality, etc can be solved through the principle of trickle-down effect mechanism (Todaro and Smith, 2006). Indonesia consists of 33 provinces with different economic structures according to the various factors endowments possessed. It encourages regional disparities in economic performance because of the differences in the speed of economic growth among provinces, where output of provinces rich with factor endowments is certainly greater than provinces with factor endowment scarcity. Labour productivity disparity is a phenomenon experienced by Indonesia during the period 1987-2011. Prediction of the convergence is expected to reduce that inequality. This requires the condition in which provinces with lower labour productivity grow faster than provinces with higher labour productivity. Weighted coefficient of variation values of labour productivity in aggregate, agriculture, and manufacturing sectors state that labour productivity disparity in Eastern Indonesia is more unequal than in Western Indonesia with labour productivity in manufacturing sector is more unequal than in agriculture sector. Estimation model of labour productivity convergence in aggregate, agriculture, and manufacturing sector with Sys-GMM dynamic panel approach meet the appropriate dynamic panel data model’s criteria which is unbiased, consistent, and valid. Coefficient estimators of lag labour productivity variable both in aggregate, agriculture, and manufacturing sector model with Sys-GMM approach which are smaller than one state that the process of convergence occurs related to labour productivity disparity in aggregate, agriculture, and manufacturing sector in Indonesia. Speed of convergence and half time convergence of aggregate labor productivity in Indonesia are slower than in agriculture and manufacturing sector. Then, in comparison between agriculture and manufacturing sector, speed of convergence and half-time convergence of labor productivity in agriculture sector are slower than in manufacturing sector. The convergence models above also provide information on several factors that affect regional labour productivity in Indonesia in aggregate, agriculture, and manufacturing sector with the assumption that they provide the same effect on every province both Western and Eastern Indonesia. Intervention on these factors should be done so convergence process can be accelerated. Lag labour productivity, restricted physical capital stock, restricted human capital stock, total trade, and real wage have positive effect on aggregate labour productivity in Indonesia. Furthermore, lag labour productivity, physical capital stock, human capital stock, total trade, and real wage have positive effect while the depreciation rate has negative impact on agriculture and manufacturing sector labour productivity in Indonesia. Although government must implement fair policies to all people to prevent the emergence of social jealousy related to disparity problem, government should prioritize to overcome labour productivity disparity in Eastern Indonesia than in Western Indonesia due to the disparity condition which is worse in Eastern Indonesia both in aggregate, in agriculture, and manufacturing sectors. Intervention should focus on provinces with lower labour productivity so that their
Keyword: labour productivity disparity, agriculture, manufacturing, dynamic panel

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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