Judul: Penghambatan Enzim Siklooksigenase-2 oleh campuran nanopartikel ekstrak Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida) dan Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale)
Abstrak: Both suruhan (Peperomia pellucida) and red ginger (Zingiber officinale) were known to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 but, the mixture of these two has a low inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. The aim of this research is to test the potency of suruhan, red ginger, and its mixture in nanoparticle as a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Groups were divided into suruhan nanoparticle, red ginger nanoparticle, and suruhan-red ginger nanoparticle 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2. Nanoparticle was made using homogenation and ultrasonication. The inhibitory effect was analyzed using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) principle. The average size of suruhan nanopaticle was 90.61 nm and the Polidispersity Index was 0.22. Average size of red ginger nanoparticle was 173.46 nm and IP was 0.17. Maximum inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by nanoparticle of red ginger was 73.82% at 75 μg/mL, and 22.99 % by its mixture at 175.75 μg/mL. Nanoparticle of suruhan did not have an inhibitory effect, however its mixture with nanoparticle of red ginger (1:2) can inhibit cylooxygenase-2.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), suruhan, red ginger, nanoparticle, inflammation, cyclooxygenase-2

Judul: Daya Inhibisi Ekstrak Rimpang Jahe Merah dan Kulit Kayu Manis terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Siklooksigenase 2 dan Enzim Xantin Oksidase Secara In Vitro
Abstrak: Red ginger and cinnamon are medicine plants which can be used as anti-inflammation and lowering uric acid level in blood. In this study, water and ethanol extracts of red ginger root and cinnamon bark have been assayed for phytochemical constituent, toxicity by brine shrimp lethality test, and in vitro inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 and xanthine oxidase activities. Diclofenac, ibuprofen and allopurinol were used as positive control. Based on phytochemical assay, water and ethanol extracts of red ginger root contained alkaloids, steroids, and flavonoids, while its water extract of cinnamon bark contained kaloids, triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. The result of probit analyses of water and ethanol extracts of red ginger root and cinnamon bark showed that their LC50 values were 144 ppm, 108 ppm, 125 ppm, and 107 ppm, respectively. Ethanol extract of red ginger root showed very low inhibitory effect to cyclooxygenase 2 activity (23.81%) as compared to diclofenac (95,43%) and ibuprofen (93,59%). Water and ethanol extracts of cinnamon bark that have inhibitory effect more than 50% to xanthine oxidase were, 54.64% and 56.80%, with their IC50 values of 70 ppm and 63 ppm, respectively. Allopurinol exhibited the highest inhibitory effect (97.91%). The value of inhibitory effect showed that ethanol extract of red ginger root have low potential as inhibitor to cyclooxygenase 2 and rheumatoid drugs; water and ethanol extracts of cinnamon bark can be considered as potential as inhibitor of xanthine oxidase and can be used for uric acid drugs.
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Judul: Aspek kehidupan dan reproduksi pada lumba-lumba
Abstrak: Lumba-lumba merupakan mammalia yang hidup di laut dan sebagian hidup di beberapa perairan air tawar. Hewan ini mempunyai bentuk tubuh yang streamline, moncong seperti paruh serta mempunyai gigi kurang lebih 200 buah. Tubuh lumba-lumba dilapisi oleh spermaceti yang terdiri dari lapisan minyak. Hewan yang sering terlihat di gelanggang-gelanggang samudra ini mempunyai ekor horizontal dan panjang tubuhnya berkisar 1,1 meter sampai 9 meter (Yablokov, 1974). Bia- sanya jantan lebih besar daripada yang betina. Di dalam klasifikasinya lumba-lumba termasuk dalam kelas mammalia, ordo Cetacea dan subordo Odontoceti. Di seluruh perairan dunia, terdapat banyak sekali spesies lumba-lumba, yang keseluruhannya termasuk ke dalam kelompok famili Delphinidae yang terdiri atas 19 genus ya- itu : Steno, Sotalia, Stenella, Delphinus, Lissodelphis, Orchinus, Lagenodelphis, Tursiops, Grampus, Lagenorhynchus Orcaella, Cephalorhynchus, Peponocephala, Feresa, Pseu- dorca, Globicephala, Phocoena, Neophocoena, dan yang terakhir Phoconoides (Yablokov, 1974). Tiga genus yang terakhir tidak termasuk lumba-lumba. Selain famili tersebut di atas, terdapat pula lumba- lumba yang hidup di perairan air tawar, yaitu dari famili Platanistidae (Cousteau, J.Y. , 1975). Makanan utama lumba-lumba berupa ikan (tuna, cumi-cu- mi, dan lain-lain), mollusca, cephalopoda dan crustacea. Dalam mencari makanannya, lumba-lumba bermigrasi secara teratur. Mereka menghabiskan musim panas di daerah kutub, kemudian bermigrasi ke daerah selatan selama musim dingin. Habitat lumba-lumba yang mutlak adalah air, baik air asin maupun air tawar. Mereka tidak dapat meninggalkan air, meskipun menurut asal-usulnya lumba-lumba merupakan mammalia darat (Coffey, D.J. 1977). Menurut Yablokov (1974) lumba-lumba betina memiliki sepasang ovarium yang rata/licin yang terdapat dalam ova- rian sac. Pada vagina beberapa spesies lumba-lumba terda- pat sumbat vagina/plug..dst
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