Judul: Analisis Efisiensi Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah di Jawa Barat Periode 2020-2021
Abstrak: The large number of people and MSMEs is a potential for West Java BPRS in providing financing. However, BPRS in West Java have a high NPF ratio and it is increasing that the BPRS is experiencing financial problems and inefficient performance. This study aims to analyze the level of efficiency and the factors that affect the efficiency of BPRS in West Java for the period 2020-2021. This research consists of two stages, the first stage is measuring efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with the assumption of Constant Return to Scale (CRS). The second stage uses the Tobit regression method to analyze the factors that affect the level of efficiency. The results of the first stage of the study indicate that the BPRS in West Java for the 2020-2021 period has not been efficient in its performance, exceeding the use of excessive inputs and less than optimal in producing output. Furthermore, the second stage of testing using Tobit regression shows that the ROA and FDR variables have a positive effect on the efficiency of a BPRS in West Java, NPF has a negative effect on the efficiency of a BPRS in West Java. Meanwhile CAR, Inflation, and GDP have no effect on the efficiency of a BPRS in West Java., Banyaknya jumlah penduduk dan UMKM menjadi potensi bagi BPRS di Jawa Barat dalam memberikan pembiayaan. Namun, BPRS di Jawa Barat memiliki rasio NPF yang tinggi dan meningkat yang mengindikasikan bahwa BPRS mengalami pembiayaan bermasalah dan kinerja yang tidak efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat efisiensi dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi efisiensi BPRS di Jawa Barat periode 2020-2021. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap, tahap pertama pengukuran efisiensi menggunakan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) dengan asumsi Constan Return to Scale (CRS). Tahap kedua menggunakan metode regresi Tobit untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat efisiensi. Hasil penelitian pada tahap pertama menunjukkan bahwa BPRS di Jawa Barat periode 2020-2021 belum efisien dalam kinerjanya tercermin dari penggunaan input yang berlebihan dan kurang optimalnya dalam menghasilkan output. Selanjutnya, tahap kedua pengujian menggunakan regresi Tobit menunjukkan bahwa variabel ROA dan FDR berpengaruh positif terhadap efisiensi BPRS di Jawa Barat, NPF berpengaruh negatif terhadap efisiensi BPRS di Jawa Barat. Sementara itu CAR, Inflasi, dan GDP tidak berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi BPRS di Jawa Barat.
Keyword: BPRS, DEA, Efisiensi, Regresi Tobit

Judul: Analisis Efisiensi BPRS di Jawa Barat Periode 2013-2017.
Abstrak: Perkembangan UMKM di Jawa Barat yang cukup baik memberikan potensi pada BPRS di Jawa Barat dalam memberikan pembiayaan. Perkembangan BPRS dapat dinilai secara kuantitatif melalui rasio keuangan BPRS. BPRS di Jawa Barat memiliki rasio NPF yang tinggi yang mengindikasikan bahwa BPRS mengalami pembiayaan bermasalah dan kinerja yang tidak efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalis tingkat efisiensi dan perubahan produktivitas BPRS di Jawa Barat periode 2013-2017. Metode pada penelitian in menggunakan Data Envelopment Analyisis (DEA) dengan menggunakan asumsi Constant Return To Scale (CRS) dengan orientasi output dan pendekatan intermediasi untuk menganalisis tingkat efisiensi teknis serta Malmquist Index untuk menganalisis produktivitas BPRS. Hasil penelitian dengan DEA menunjukan skor efisiensi setiap BPRS berfluktuatif selama periode penelitian dan terdapat 10 BPRS berada pada skor yang efisien selama periode penelitian. Pada hasil penelitian dengan Malmquist Index menunjukan perubahan rata-rata nilai Malmquist Index di BPRS Jawa Barat lebih dipengaruhi oleh adanya perubahan efisiensi daripada perubahan teknologi. BPRS harus memperhatikan aspek efisiensi sehingga BPRS mampu meningkatkan output dengan input yang tersedia.
Keyword: BPRS, Data Envelopment Analyisis (DEA), Efisiensi, Malmquist Index

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell