Judul: Dampak flu burung terhadap perekonomian : tinjauan aspek lingkungan, sosial dan ekonomi nasional
Abstrak: There are three environmental factors which are considered as a medium of avian virus transmission: (1) physical environment, (2) biological environment and (3) the social environment or human behavior (trader or farm owner). Those are the main medium of transmission of avian flu disease of both humans and among poultries. Using logistic regression model this primary data are analized. The samples from three area in Tangerang are selected for poultry owners and traders. The result of the research explains that some aspects of environment are significant medium which are: characteristic of farmers: age, formal education and the purpose of poultry farming; physical environments are: distance between the cages, sewerage of wastewater and the cleanlines of the yard; biological environment are: the existance of other animal, manure; social environment are: reporting, the frequency of receiving information and disinfectant in the gate. For traders, the significant medium of environmental aspects are: characteristic of traders: age, formal education and the purpose of poultry trading; physical environment: market condition, the cleanlines of the floor, the cleanlines of the cage and the cleanlines of poultry plate; biological environment: the frequency of new poultry, other animal, source of food and food ingredients; social environment: infected poultry contact, vaccination, the frequency of receiving information and reporting. The negative impact of the outbreak of bird flu on economic sectors in the sectoral and macro aspect is analized using Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models. Base on SNSE 2008 data and some disagregation data sectors, two simulations are conducted. The result of the simulation studies indicate that the decrease in the productivity of poultry meat sector (traditional and medium-large) and egg sector impacts on the micro and macro aspects of the economy. On the micro level in domestic market there are decresed production and increased prices in the poultry sector, eggs, other farms, restaurants and services. While in the foreign market there are decresed exports as well as imports. Similarly, there is a decline in consumption by the entire group of household due to a decline in the income by all groups of households and firms. Government revenue also decline due to a decrease in taxes from households and firms. At the macro level there are a decline in GDP and a decline in the investment. The second simulation illustrate the increase of production and the impact of government policy on the micro aspects and the overall economy. On the micro level in domestic market there are increased production and decreased prices in the sector of poultry, eggs, other farms, restaurants and services. While in foreign market there are increased exports and decreased imports in almost all sectors. Similarly, there are an increase in consumption by the entire group of households due to an increse in the income by all groups of households and firms. Government revenue also increased due to an increse in taxes from household and firms.
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Judul: Dampak finansial flu burung terhadap usaha peternakan ayam broiler "X" di Bogor
Abstrak: Poultry is one of the most important sectors for economic development in Indonesia which is based on husbandry, moreover poultry is one of the best prospective business compared to other livestock commodities. There are many problems in poultry sectors, and one of them is the epidemic of Avian Influenza (AI).
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Judul: Membran Komposit Kitosan-Natrium Alginat untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Abstrak: Composite of chitosan and sodium alginate can be utilized as base material of proton exchange membrane (PEM). The composite membranes were produced by various concentrations of chitosan-sodium alginate, namely 3:3, 3:4, 3:5, 3:6, 4:3, 5:3, and 6:3 (% b/v). The composites were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and were tested for the performance as PEM from the proton conductivity obtained by using impedance spectrometer. The FTIR spectrum indicated the NH3C group at 1637.29 cm-1 and symmetrical COO group at 1253.68 cm-1 indicating interactions between chitosan and sodium alginate. SEM micrographs showed that the composite membrane was nonporous. Composite membrane with 3:5 chitosan-sodium alginate composition had the highest proton conductivity, namely 9.594 × 10-7 S/cm. Based on this research results, chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane can be applied well in direct methanol fuel cell system.
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