Judul: Application of Morphological Image Processing and HSV Color Methods for Viability Evaluation of the Tetrazolium Test of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seed
Abstrak: Uji tetrazolium merupakan metode pengujian viabilitas dan vigor benih secara cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan validasi alat untuk evaluasi pengujian tetrazolium benih kacang tanah dengan morphological image processing dan HSV color untuk menentukan intensitas warna secara kuantitatif. Hasil pembacaan alat dikorelasikan dengan pengamatan mikroskop dan uji viabilitas secara fisiologis. Rancangan percobaan penelitian adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan satu faktor perlakuan yang terdiri atas enam taraf viabilitas benih, dan diulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat tidak mampu membaca benih abnormal. Hasil pembacaan hanya mengidentifikasikan benih normal dan mati. Tolok ukur daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, dan potensi tumbuh maksimum dapat digunakan untuk membedakan tingkat viabilitas. Hasil uji korelasi antara pembacaan alat dan hasil uji tetrazolium mempunyai korelasi sedang dengan koefisien korelasi 0,452. Alat pendeteksi viabilitas benih perlu disempurnakan supaya dapat menghasilkan data yang lebih akurat., The tetrazolium test is a rapid method for testing seed viability and vigor. To quantify color intensity, this work attempts to validate an instrument for analyzing tetrazolium testing using morphological image processing and HSV color. Microscopic observations and physiological viability tests were correlated with the tool readings' results. A completely randomized block design with one treatment factor consisting of six levels of seed viability served as the study's experimental framework. The results demonstrated that the instrument could not read abnormal seeds. Only normal and dead seeds were identified by the readings. Germination percentage, vigour index, and maximum potential growth can be used for differentiating levels of viability. The instrument readings and tetrazolium test results have a moderate correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.452. The instrument needs to be improved to produce accurate data.
Keyword: daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, validasi, viabilitas, vigor

Judul: Aplication of Infrared Sensor for Viability  Evaluation on Tetrazolium Peanut Seed Test (Arachis hypogea L.)
Abstrak: Pengujian viabilitas benih menggunakan uji tetrazolium merupakan salah satu metode penentuan viabilitas benih dengan mengevaluasi tingkat warna merah yang terbentuk pada benih. Penentuan tingkat warna merah pada benih ini dapat menggunakan alat sensor infrared. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji alat sensor infrared untuk menentukan intensitas warna secara kuantitatif dalam uji tetrazolium serta menentukan korelasi alat sensor infrared dengan pengujian mutu secara fisiologis. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan faktor tunggal yaitu tingkat viabilitas benih berdasarkan uji daya berkecambah masing-masing adalah 78,9%, 70,7% dan 40,0%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengujian cepat viabilitas menggunakan tetrazolium pada benih kacang tanah dapat digunakan karena menunjukkan adanya korelasi antara pola pewarnaan yang dihasilkan dengan pengujian fisiologis T50, kecepatan tumbuh, dan bobot kering kecambah normal dengan nilai koefisien korelasi masing-masing sebesar -0,611, 0,589, dan 0,602. Alat sensor infrared untuk uji tetrazolium pada benih kacang tanah dapat digunakan untuk mengukur intensitas warna., Seed viability testing using tetrazolium test is one method of determining the viability of the seed by evaluating the level of red color formed in the seed. Determination of the level of red color in this seed can use infrared sensor tool. This study aims to test infrared sensor tools to determine the color intensity in tetrazolium test and determine the correlation of infrared sensor tools with physiological testing. The experiment was prepared using a complete randomized group design with a single factor namely the viability rate of V1, V2, and V3 seeds with germination power are 78.9%, 70.7% and 40.0% respectively. The results showed that rapid viability testing using tetrazolium in peanut seeds can be used because it shows a correlation between the resulting coloring patterns with physiological tests T50, speed of germination, and seedling dry weight with correlation coefficient values of -0.611, 0.589, and 0.602 respectively while in infrared sensor applications for tetrazolium testing on peanut seeds need to be refined in order to detect color levels and patterns according to structure seeds so that more accurate data is generated.
Keyword: color intensity, speed of germination, T50

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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