Judul: The Expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 and Glutathione Peroxidase Gene with Selenium Supplementation and Its Effect on Productivity of Broiler in Tropical Environment.
Abstrak: Indonesia is a tropical country with an average temperature of 23 °C - 33 °C and humidity of 45-97% (BMKG 2012). The temperature and humidity have an impact on performance of broiler chickens. Heat stress is triggered by changes in ambient temperature. Heat stress can affect the productivity of broiler chickens. The newest strains of broiler chickens are the result of intensive selection with rapid growth ability which must be maintained at comfortable temperature. New possibilites for improving the performance of broiler production through the application of nutrigenomics approach to optimize the use of broiler chickens nutrients. Generally, nutrigenomic covers the nutrient development with affects expression of genes thus nutrigenomics of broiler should focusing on optimizing feed for broiler productivity. Selenium is an trace mineral which has antioxidant effect. Supplementation of organic selenium in broiler ration related with its antioxidant activity could reduce the effect of heat stress. The purpose of this experiment was to study the supplementation of selenium on expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) gene, glutathione peroxidase (GSH- Px) enzyme activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and productivity (feed intake, body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality) of broiler in tropical environment. The experiment was conducted using completely randomized designs with three treatments and four replications. The treatments in this experiment were: comfortable environment pens (25.0 oC-27.9 oC) using air conditioner without supplementation of selenium (AC), tropical environment pens (24.6 oC-32.9 oC) without supplementation of selenium (NS), and tropical environment pens (24.6 oC-32.9 oC) with supplementation of 0.30 ppm selenium (organic selenium (Optimin®SeY, Nutreco)) (PS). Each of treatment consisted of 40 day old chicks (DOC) strain Cobb (unsex). Parameters observed were HSP70 and GPX gene expression, GSH-Px enzyme activity, MDA and the productivities. The results showed that supplementation of organic selenium significantly increased (P<0.05) feed intake, body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. By contrast, the expression of HSP70 and GPX gene, GSH-Px enzyme activity and MDA of broiler significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the tropical pens with organic selenium supplementation compared to the treatment without organic selenium supplementation. It is concluded that supplementation of 0.30 ppm organic selenium in broiler ration in tropical environment improved modulating the expression of HSP70 and GPX gene, and showed similar performance to broiler which kept in the comfortable environment without organic selenium supplementation by reduces oxidative stress in broiler which kept in tropical environment.
Keyword: broiler, GPX gene, HSP70 gene, selenium, tropical environment

Judul: Suplementasi Vitamin E Dan Zink Terhadap Produktivitas Dan Ekspresi Gen Heat Shock Protein (Hsp) 70 Pada Ayam Broiler Yang Dipelihara Di Daerah Tropis
Abstrak: Stres panas merupakan masalah utama yang terjadi pada peternakan unggas. Suhu dan kelembaban lingkungan memiliki pengaruh yang sangat besar terhadap performa ayam broiler terutama ayam broiler yang dipelihara dilingkungan tropis. Pemanasan global yang terjadi saat ini, lambat laun akan berdampak terhadap kinerja ayam broiler di Indonesia, karena broiler yang telah dibentuk saat ini dengan pertumbuhan cepat membutuhkan suhu lingkungan pemeliharaan yang ideal. Perbaikan performa ayam broiler dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi pendekatan nutrigenomik untuk mengoptimalkan produksi ayam broiler. Umumnya, nutrigenomik meliputi pengembangan nutrisi dengan mempengaruhi ekspresi gen, sehingga nutrigenomik dari ayam broiler harus fokus pada optimalisasi pakan untuk produktivitas broiler. Zink merupakan trace mineral yang memiliki pengaruh sebagai antioksidan. Vitamin E adalah vitamin larut lemak yang memiliki pengaruh antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi mineral zink (Zn) dan vitamin E (VE) terhadap produktivitas dan ekspresi gen heat shock protein (HSP) 70 pada ayam broiler yang dipelihara di lingkungan tropis. Penelitian ini menggunakan 9 perlakuan yang merupakan kombinasi dari faktor A yang merupakan mineral zink (A1: 0 ppm, A2: 40 ppm, A3: 80 ppm) dan faktor B yang merupakan vitamin E (B1: 0 ppm, B2: 125 ppm, B3: 250 ppm). Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah: A1B1= ransum basal + Zn 0 ppm + VE 0 ppm; A1B2= ransum basal + Zn 0 ppm + VE 125 ppm; A1B3= ransum basal + Zn 0 ppm + VE 250 ppm; A2B1= ransum basal + Zn 40 ppm + VE 0 ppm; A2B2= ransum basal + Zn 40 ppm + VE 125 ppm; A2B3= ransum basal + Zn 40 ppm + VE 250 ppm; A3B1= ransum basal + Zn 80 ppm + VE 0 ppm; A3B2= ransum basal + Zn 80 ppm + VE 125 ppm; A3B3= ransum basal + Zn 80 ppm + VE 250 ppm. Variabel yang di ukur yaitu performa (konsumsi pakan, petambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan dan mortalitas), absorpsi nutrien semu, energi metabolis semu, status antioksidan dan ekspresi gen heat shock protein (HSP) 70. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa performa, retensi nutrien semu, energi metabolis semu terkoreksi nitrogen, kadar mineral zink dan SOD dalam darah tidak dipengaruhi oleh suplementasi mineral zink dan vitamin E. Suplementasi zink dan vitamin E menurunkan angka mortalitas 50-100%. Suplementasi mineral zink sebanyak 40-80 ppm dalam pakan berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) meningkatkan bobot badan akhir dan menurukan konsentrasi MDA dalam darah Suplementasi zink 80 ppm dan vitamin E 250 ppm (A3B3) berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) menurunkan ekspresi gen HSP 70 pada broiler. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah suplementasi mineral zink sebanyak 80 ppm pada ayam broiler yang dipelihara selama 35 hari di lingkungan tropis meningkatkan bobot badan akhir, meningkatkan keuntungan, menurunkan konsentras MDA dalam darah serta menurunkan ekspresi gen HSP 70. Suplementasi kombinasi mineral zink 80 ppm dan vitamin E 250 ppm dalam ransum ayam broiler yang dipelihara selama 35 hari di lingkungan tropis menurunkan ekspresi gen HSP 70.
Keyword: Ayam broiler, HSP 70, performa, vitamin E, zink

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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