Judul: Karakterisasi Fisikokimia Tepung Sorgum Fermentasi dan Aplikasinya sebagai Bahan Substitusi Roti Tawar
Abstrak: Bread as an energy-producing food are widely consumed and generally made with wheat flour. Sorghum is local resources that can be used as a replacement or substitution of wheat flour to reduce dependence on imported wheat. The use of sorghum flour in bread making will give a sandy, dry, and hard crumb. This can be reduced through fermentation process in sorghum flour production. Research consists of production and characterization of sorghum flour, bread formulation, sensory testing, and physicochemical characterization of bread substituted. Sorghum flour made with two treatments that are non-fermented (NF) and fermented (F). Characterization of sorghum flour includes physical properties and chemical content. Bread made with six formulas that are NF 20%, NF 30%, NF 40%, F 20%, F 30%, and F 40% then evaluated in sensory testing to get the chosen formulas. Furthermore, that formulas was analyzed its physical properties and chemical content. Sorghum flour NF has yellowish-white, normal flavor, and texture rather coarse while sorghum flour F has dull brownish, sour flavor, and texture rather coarse. The water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and crude fiber content of the sorghum flour NF in dry basis were respectively 10.11%; 1.28%; 7.50%; 4.62%; 76.50% and 2.91%, while sorghum flour F were respectively 10.19%; 0.94%; 7.95%, 4.86%; 76.06% and 2.65%. Based on the sensory test, bread substituted were chosen are NF 20% and F 30%. Results of physical analysis showed that the higher amount of substituted sorghum flour NF and F can decrease the proofing ratio, specific volume of dough and bread. Bread NF 20% (237.25 gf) has firmness value lower than bread F 30% (301.26 gf). Bread NF 20% containing water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and crude fiber (dry basis) were respectively 53.74%; 2.48%; 11.34%; 9.74%; 22.72% and 3.77%, while bread F 30% were respectively 52.06%; 2.44%; 12.05%; 9.80%; 23.66%, and 3.20%.
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Judul: Substitusi parsial tepung gandum (Triticum aestvum L.) dengan tepung sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) dan tepung kacang tunggak (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) pada pembuatan roti
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari kemungkinan mengganti sebagian tepung terigu dengan tepung sorgum dan kacang tunggak dalam pembuatan makanan seperti roti dengan maksud agar dicapai : (1) penghematan penggunaan terigu yang masih diimport (2) pemanfaatan bahan lokal yang murah (3) mutu haail olahan yang tetap tinggi disamping itu dicapai juga pemanfaatan semua sumber pangan yang tersedia di bumi Indonesia ini dengan efisiensi dan efektifi tas yang tinggi. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah gandum setengah keras varitas Bhojah samrat 1979 yang diperoleh dari supplier CFTRI dari daerah Karnataka yang dipanen tahun 1980, Sorgun putih komersial dan kacang tunggak yang berkulit ungu kecoklatan, diperoleh dari Khrisna Sojee Depot, distributor basil bumi di Mysore, dari jenis mutu aatu bersih dan segar, dan dipanen tahun 1980 dari daerah Karnataka.
Keyword: Grain crops;, Cereal flours;, Sorghum;

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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