Judul: Suksesi alami paska kebakaran pada hutan sekunder di Desa Fatuquero, Kecamatan Railaco, Kabupaten Ermera-Timor Leste
Abstrak: Forest is an invaluable natural resource because inside of forest there are biodiversity as germplasm source, forest product source like wood and non-wood, water system regulator, and flood and erosion preventive. Disturbance of forest resource is keep going on, even it intensity is increasing year to year. One of causal factors of forest damage is forest fire which is one of disturbances is increasingly happen. Negative impact is appear by forest fire is big enough include ecology damage, decreasing of biodiversity, reduced forest economic value and soil productivity, change of micro and global climate. This study is purposed to know dominant structure of type composition in natural succession formed post-fire in secondary forest. To get description of structure and composition of vegetation type grow in post-fire secondary forest, then it is made research plot using transect method or track with 100m track long and 20m width. To know stand type structure and composition is conducted vegetation analysis through Nested Sampling way in large plot containing smaller plots. Critical value of collecting result data in post-fire natural forest and un-burnt natural forest on secondary forest is processed and counted based on each exist type level. Index of critical value is determined through summation of relative density value, relative domination, and relative frequent in plant type. Based on research is related to post-fire natural succession in secondary forest shows during succession, structure of composition type dominate post-fire secondary forest is changing in every level of seedling, stake, pole, and tree growth. Species that tend to occupy post-fire natural forest in seedling and stake level is from Adina sp, Eucalyptus urophylla, species to occupy pole and tree level of Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus alba. In un-burnt secondary forest tend to occupy seedling and stake level is from Neolitsea sp, Macaranga sp, Vitex sp, Peperamia sp which is all these types are dominant in seedling and stake level, tree and pole level are tend to occupied Eucalyptus urophylla, Fagraea sp, Vitex sp, dan Podocarpus sp that occupy un-burnt secondary forest. Dominant type on seedling, stake, pole, and tree level is seen difference. Dominant index in both forest appear difference in seedling, stake, and pole level. This is thought that spreading of these types are carried by wind, bird, and other animals which eat seed or fruit so particular type is not appear in post-fire forest or un-burnt forest condition.
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Judul: Forest vegetation composition and structure of the former forest burned area (In R. Soerjo Forest Park Area, Malang)
Abstrak: I NTRODUCTION. Forests damage in Indonesia are increasing affect to forest function decline. One cause of forest destruction in Indonesia is forest fires. Forest fires in Indonesia are mostly caused by humans. Impact of forest fires covering all aspects of ecosystems like, vegetation, fauna, soil, water, climate, air, and humans. forest vegetation damage caused succession in burned area. Succession effect reflected on forest vegetation composition dan structure. METHODOLOGY. The research was conducted in unburnt forest area, forest areas with a mild fire level, forest area with medium fire level, and forest area with heavy fire level. In each site observations made in three plots with plot size 100 x 100 m. In each plot observations are made of 4 sub-plots sample with size 20 x 20 m to measure the level of tree, strangler and woody liana; size 10 x 10 m to measure the level of the pole; size 5 x 5 m measure the level of saplings, lianas non-wood, pine, and palm; and 2 x 2 m measure the level of seedlings, ferns, shrubs and herbs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION. Forest fires in R Soerjo Forest Park, Malang resulted in a decrease number of species of trees and regeneration rate and growth form. Only herb that has a stable species number in all forest conditions. Shannon species diversity according to the Index of General Diversity (H') shows that forest fires reduced the value of diversity at the level of stakes, poles, trees and most other forms of non-tree growth. Forest structure in each forest condition have a different highest diameter class. Unburned forest conditions have diameter until up to 110 cm, mild level forest fires reached only 60-69 cm for the highest diameter class. Meanwhile, on the medium level forest fires reached 80-89 cm for the highest diameter class, while the diameter classes of forest with heavy fire levels only reached 40-49 cm. Forest fires reduce the value of density on all forest burned area. The effect of forest fire on soil chemical properties are decrease soil pH value, increase the value of C-organic, and increase the value of cation exchange capacity (CEC). Forest fire in R. Soerjo Forest Park Area, Malang is causing changes of forest vegetation composition and structure and also soil chemical properties.
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Infeksi Canine parvovirus (CPV) pada anjing merupakan isu penting di gan praktisi dokter hewan karena hingga saat ini belum ada terapi yang e tif mencegah kematian anjing akibat infeksi virus tersebut. Canine parvovirus a ah virus infeksius penyebab diare berdarah pada anjing. Anjing yang -t 'lilfeksi CPV menunjukkan gejala klinis muntah, diare, depresi, demam, tidak mau makan dan dehidrasi. Tropisme CPV adalah pada jaringan yang sel-selnya tif membelah seperti epitel saluran pencemaan, sumsum tulang dan jaringan foid. Mortalitas anak anjing mencapai 91% pada infeksi CPV yang tidak d10oati. Kematian anjing terjadi akibat septikemia dan dehidrasi. Pengobatan infeksi CPV yang dilakukan selama ini hanya untuk mengurangi dehidrasi dan infeksi sekunder, namun tidak dapat mencegah kematian. Imunoterapi secara intravena merupakan pendekatan baru yang potensial untuk pengobatan penyakit yang fatal pada hewan termasuk untuk substitusi penggunaan antibiotika. Metode terapi ini terbukti efektif digunakan untuk terapi pen akit pada manusia dan hewan yang penyebarannya melalui darah. Salah satu penyakit hewan yang sebaran virusnya di dalam tubuh melalui darah adalah infeksi Canine parvovirus pada anjing. Pengobatan infeksi CPV nampaknya efe*tif jika menggunakan antibodi spesifik dan aplikasinya secara intravena agar memberikan protektivitas yang optimal. Namun kendala biaya produksi antibodi yang sangat mahal membatasi penggunaan antibodi untuk terapi, sehingga sangat diperlukan altematif sumber antibodi lainnya. Ayam sangat berpotensi sebagai pabrik penghasil antibodi. Karakteristik Im oglobulin Y yang tidak mengaktivasi komplemen mamalia memungkinkan aplikasinya secara intravena. Selain itu imunoglobulin Y mudah diisolasi dari kunmg telur dalam jumlah banyak sehingga biaya produksinya murah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan IgY anti CPV secara intravena untuk terapi infeksi CPV pada anjing. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam tiga tahap: 1. Produksi, isol si dan karakterisasi IgY anti CPV dan menguji aktivitasnya secara in vitro. 2. Me entukan kinetika IgY di dalam tubuh anjing agar dapat diduga dosis dan interval pengobatan. 3. Infeksi CPV pada anjing percobaan, pengobatan menggunakan dosis 1000 dan 10000 Protective dose 50 (PD₅₀) dan mengetahui efe*tivitas terapi terhadap profil leukosit anjing yang sembuh dari infeksi CPV. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa ayam yang diimunisasi mengakumulasikan antibodinya di dalam kuning telur. Peningkatan titer antibodi (lg, ) dalam serum ayam terjadi mulai minggu pertama dan mencapai puncaknya pad minggu keempat setelah imunisasi. Karakterisasi IgY menunjukkan dua pita tein dengan berat molekul 68 dan 23 kDa yang sesuai dengan berat molekul ai berat dan rantai ringan IgY. Titer IgY mumi terdeteksi 2¹¹ HI unit setelah r eaksikan dengan sel darah merah babi. Pengenceran tertinggi dari IgY yang a pu menetralisasi virus sebanyak 50% (PD₅₀) adalah pada pengenceran 10·⁸• 'ter virus parvo yang mampu menginfeksi selfeline kidney sebanyak 50% adalah pada titer 10-²,76 TCID₅₀. Titer virus yang digunakan untuk uji tantang di anjing adalah 100 TCID₅₀ dan titer antibodi yang digunakan untuk terapi adalah 1000 dan I0.000 PD₅₀• Terapi infeksi CPV di anjing hanya menggunakan dua jenis o· s dengan tujuan mengurangi penggunaan hewan coba karena resiko kematian anjing cukup tinggi. Kinetika IgY anti CPV dalam tubuh anjing mengikuti model satu partemen dan orde satu. Rata-rata waktu paruh IgY adalah 60 jam dan stanta ketepatan eliminasi IgY lebih tinggi dibandingkan IgG sehingga ngkinan IgY untuk
Keyword: IgY anti CPV, Intravena, Ekskresi virus, Kinetika IgY