Judul: Inventarisasi bakteri gram negatif yang terbawa benih dari beberapa varietas kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi dan mengidentifikasi bakteri gram negatif yang terbawa benih kedelai melalui isolasi dari beberapa varietas kedelai dan serangkaian pengujian sifat-sifat fisiologisnya. Isolat bakteri yang didapatkan diuji sifat-sifat fisiologisnya, meliputi uji: gram, pembentukan levan, reaksi oksidase, pembusukan kentang, dehidrolisis arginin, hiper- sensitivitas, fluoresensi, oksidatif/fermentatif, hidrolisis gelatin, patogenisitas dan virulensi. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa: semua isolat yang dipakai memiliki gram negatif; reaksi positif pada uji pembentukan levan terjadi pada isolat-isolat 2, 5, 7, 18, 20, 23 dan 24; reaksi positif uji fluoresensi terjadi pada isolat-isolat 3, 4 dan 6; reaksi positif uji oksidase terjadi pada isolat-isolat 2, 3, 5, 7, 19, 20, 23 dan 24; semua isolat menunjukkan reaksi negatif pada uji fermentatif; reaksi positif uji pembusukan kentang terjadi pada isolat- isolat 2, 3, 5, 6, 18, 20 dan 23; reaksi positif uji dehidrolisis arginin terjadi pada isolat-isolat 3, 4 dan 5; reaksi hipersensitivitas positif terjadi pada isolat-isolat 4, 5, 6, 7, 18, 19, 20, 23 dan 24; reaksi hidrolisis ..dst
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Judul: Keragaman genetik dan pengembangan metode deteksi cepat penyebab pustul bakteri (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.glycines) pada kedelai
Abstrak: Penyakit pustul bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines merupakan salah satu penyakit bakterial penting pada tanaman kedelai yang belum tertangani dengan baik. Oleh karena itu, pemahaman tentang virulensi clan keragaman genetik dari patogen ini serta pengembangan metode deteksi yang cepat dan akurat sangat diperluk.an dalam pengembangan strategi pengendalian penyakit terse but. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (I) menelaah virulensi dan keragaman genetik X axonopodis pv. glycines Xag asal edamame menggunakan teknik PCR-RFLP basil amplifikasi gen 16S-rRNA (ARDRA), teknik ISR 16S-23S-rRNA dan teknik MFLP/PFGE, (2) mengembangkan metode deteksi cepat dan akurat untuk mendeteksi penyakit pustul bakteri pada daun dan benih kedelai secara serologi clan molekular Telah terkoleksi sebanyak 29 isolat X axonopodis pv. glycines dari berbagai pertanaman edamame di )ember, Cipanas, Ciawi dan Bogar. Hasil penelitian menunjuk.kan bahwa isolat-isolat tersebut memiliki tingkat virulensi yang berbeda. Virulensi semua isolat lebih tinggi jika diinokulasi pada tanaman edamame dibanding Wilis atau Orba. Berdasarkan hasil keragaman genetik menggunakan teknik ARDRA, ISR dan MFLP secara berturut-turut diperoleh 6 profil, 7 profit dan 13 profit DNA yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu diperoleh minimal 13 strain X axonopodis pv. glycines yang menginf eksi edamame. lso lat CPI dan JA4 dari Cipanas dan Jember merupakan isolat yang memiliki profil DNA spesifik karena hubungan kekerabatan genetiknya yang cukup jauh dari isolat-isolat lainnya. ..dst
Keyword: ARDRA, lntergenic Spacer Region, patogen, teknik serologi, teknik molekuler

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite