Judul: Penggunaan metode spool track dalam menelaah pola pergerakan harian katak bertanduk (Megophrys montana) di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Studies on amphibian movement have been reported abroad, including selection of appropriate method. However, there is only two study on amphibian movement reported in Indonesia by Sholihat (2007) and Muliya (2010). This study aims to 1) find suitable material for spool track that well suited with body weight of M. montana., 2) map daily movement patterns of M. montana and describe microhabitat use of M. montana in Gede Pangrango National Park. Research was conducted at Ciwalen and Cibereum. Four types of spool were tried to selected frogs and movements were observed every three hours for 72 hours. Data from observations were then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Seven frogs (3 males, 4 females) were observed for 72 hours, each using a spool weight under less than 10% of body mass and there are one male frog were successfully observed using a spool weight more 10% from their body mass. Results showed that suitable spool equipment materials differ for males and females according to their body mass. The best materials for the male frog are made by plastic straws and mica, while for female frog it is made from plastic and piece of carambol powder plastic. Kruskal Wallis test on eight frogs indicated that the movement of every 3 hours during the day are significantly differ between male frogs and female frogs (H = 0.296, df = 1, P> 0.05). While the movement of every 3 hours during the night were significantly differ between male frogs and female frogs (H = 0.000, df = 1, P <0.05). Kruskal Wallis test also shows the average male frog movement every 3 hours in the day and night were not significantly different (H = 0.000, df = 1, P <0.05) in which males did not move much. In the contrary, there is significant differences between day and night 3 hourly movement for female (H = 0.049. df = 1, p <0.05). Females tend to move more during the night compared to afternoon. From observation, it appears that most of the male and female frogs have similar activities during the day, which is sleeping in a protected area away from the sun, such as under leaf litter, rocks, and logs or burrowing in the wood in tree root holes. The purpose of burrowing aims to avoid drought and retain moisture. Observations on microhabitats use showed that most frogs used wet leaf litter during the day and night. Therefore plants as producer of leaf litter needs to be protected.
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Judul: Pola Pergerakan Harian dan Penggunaan Habitat Mikro Katak Pohon Jawa (Rhacophorus margaritifer) di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango Jawa Barat.
Abstrak: Studies on amphibian movement have been reported abroad, including selection of appropriate method. However, there is only one study on amphibian movement reported in Indonesia (Sholihat 2007). The purposes of this study are to 1) find suitable material for spool track that well suited with body weight of R. margaritifer, 2) map the daily movement patterns of R. margaritifer using spool track method; and 3) describe the micro habitat used by R. margaritifer in Gede Pangrango National Park. This study was conducted at Ciwalen and Cibereum. Three kinds of spool were tried to test-frogs and the frog movements were observed every three hours for 72 hours. Data from observations were then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Eight frogs (4 males, 4 females) were observed for 72 hours, each using a spool weight under less than 10% of body mass. Additionally, three male frogs were successfully observed using a spool weight more of 10% of their body mass. Result showed that suitable spool equipment materials differ for males and females according to their body mass. The best materials for the male frog are made by plastic straws and mica, while for female frog it is made from plastic and mica pallets. Kruskal Wallis test on 11 individual frogs indicated that there was a significant differences between day and night movement, both in male (H = 0.026) and female frogs (H = 0.03) (P value < 0.05). However, there was no significant differences in both male’s and female’s movement during the day (H = 0.888) and night (H = 0.685) (P value > 0.05). Chi square test for straightness index values for eight frogs observed in 72 hours showed that all frogs moved not far from the initial location of observation. Observations on micro habitats used showed that most frogs used location with low level of light exposure, i.e. between leaves, litter, and branches sheltered from the sun, while at night most activities were carried out on the leaves. R. margaritifer mostly in contact with plants, whereas contact with the other frogs is rare. Therefore it is estimated that the possibility of disease transmission by contact among frog is low. Since frog movements are associated with the existence of plants, there should be more efforts to keep the existence of the plants, especially plants that grow around water sources.
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Judul: Pengaruh pemanasan terhadap kerusakan minyak sawit dan minyak kedelai kasar
Abstrak: Pemanasan minyak pada suhu tinggi dapat mengakibat- berbagai perubahan dan kerusakan dalam minyak kan tersebut, terutama asam lemak dan zat gizi di dalamnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pemanasan terhadap minyak sawit dan kedelai kasar pada kisaran suhu 120-220 °C dengan interval 20 °C, selama 30 dan 60 menit, dalam rangka melihat tingkatan kerusakan sifat fisiko- kimia minyak kasar yang mengalami berbagai pemanasan. Lama pemanasan mempercepat kerusakan yang terjadi pada minyak. Hal ini dapat ditunjukkan pada pembentukan peroksida maksimum pada suhu yang lebih rendah untuk pemanasan lebih lama. Kandungan peroksida awal minyak sawit sebesar 3.654 meq/kg, pada pemanasan selama 30 menit tercapai maksimum pada suhu 200 °C, yaitu 6.731 meq/kg, kemudian pada 220 °C turun menjadi 5.822 meq/kg. Sedangkan pada pemanasan selama 60 menit, titik maksimum terjadi pada 180 °C yaitu sebesar 8.619 meq/kg, kemudian turun sampai 7.263 meq/kg pada 220 °C. Demikian juga halnya dengan minyak kedelai, kandungan peroksida awalnya sebesar 7.959 meq/kg. Pada pemanasan selama 30 menit belum mencapai titik penurunan, yaitu sebesar 7.959 meq/kg untuk 220 °C. Sedangkan pada pemanasan 60 menit,...
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