Judul: Pengaruh campuran pelekat urea formaldehida dan ligin dari lindi hitam terhadap sifat fisik mekanik papan partikel
Abstrak: Lindi hitam atau larutan sisa pemasak pulp sampai saat ini belum banyak sebagai limbah cair. dimanfaatkan, biasanya dibuang Berbagai komponen terdapat di dalam lindi hitam, yang terbanyak adalah lignin yaitu sekitar 50% dari total padatan lindi hitam. Salah satu pemanfaatan lignin adalah sebagai perekat, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang penggunaan lignin sebagai perekat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemungkinan pemanfaatan lignin dari lindi hitam dalam bentuk padat sebagai campuran perekat urea formaldehida serta menentukan komposisi yang tepat, yang memenuhi standar pengujian.
Keyword: papan partikel

Judul: Pengaruh campuran perekat lignin dan fenol formal dehida terhadap sifat fisik mekanik papan partikel
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemungkinan pemanfaatan lignin dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh canipuran perekat lignin dan perekat fenol formaldehida terhadap sifat fisik mekanik papan partikel. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap faktorial 2 x 4 dengan 4 kali ulangan yang terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor A (perbandingan mol lignin terhadap formaldehida pada pembuatan perekat hidroksimetilasi lignin) terdiri dari 2 taraf yaitu: 1:1 dan 1:2: Faktor B (perbandingan perekat hidroksimetilasi lignin terhadap perekat fenol formaldehida) terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu: (20% :80%), (40%:60%), (60%:40%), dan (80%:20%). Lignin dalam penelitian ini memiliki kadar padat, kadar abu dan pH masing- masing sebesar 7,30%, 7,95%, dan 1,04. Berdasarkan identifikasi spektro- fotometer ultraviolet terlihat lignin ini memiliki 2 maksimum berkisar antara 275- 277 nm. Berdasarkan sifat campuran perekat lignin-fenol formaldehida terlihat bahwa dengan semakin meningkatnya jumlah perekat lignin atau berkurangnya perekat fenol formaldehida di dalam campuran perekat lignin-fenol formaldehida akan menurunkan kadar padat, meningkatkan kadar abu, menurunkan viskositas namun untuk sifat pH tidak memperlihatkan adanya suatu kecenderungan tertentu. Campuran perekat lignin-fenol formaldehida dengan perbandingan mol lignin: formaldehida 1:2 mempunyai kualitas yang lebih baik dari pada campuran perekat lignin- fenol formaldehida dengan perbandingan mol lignin formaldehida = 1:1.
Keyword: particleboards

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite