Judul: Produksi N-Amonia Rumen dan Retensi Nitrogen pada Anak Sapi Jantan FH dengan Ransum Kombinasi Urea dan Bungkil Kedelai
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan Pertanian Bogor dari tanggal 17 Agustus sampai dengan tanggal 26 Oktober 1984.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari produksi amonia rume dan retensi nitrogen ternak dengan ransum kombinasi urea dan bungkil kedelai sebagai sumber N untuk rumina sedang bertumbuh cepat. Pada penelitian ini digunakan empat ekor anak sapi jantan dengan rata-rata bobot badan 141.08 kurang lebih 11.69 kg (dengan kisaran 127-162 kg).
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Judul: Pengaruh pemberian berbagai sumber protein terhadap retensi nitrogen sapi sedang tumbuh
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertani- an bogor. Penelitian dimulai pada bulan November 1987 sam- pai bulan Januari 1988. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh berbagai sumber protein (Nabati, Hewani maupun Kom- binasinya) terhadap neraca nitrogen bila diberikan pada anak sapi yang sedang tumbuh. Ransum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ran- sum A (tepung ikan), ransum B (tepung darah), ransum C (bungkil kedelai) dan ransum D (Kombinasi ketiga sumber protein tersebut. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan, kelompok dan interaksi terhadap peabah yang diukur diguna- kan analisa sidik ragam. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan perlakuan, kelompok dan interaksi digunakan Uji Jarak Duncan. Jumlah sapi keturunan Fries Holland yang digunakan sebanyak delapan ekor yang terdiri dari empat ekor sapi jantan dan empat ekor sapi betina, dengan umur sepuluh sampai ll bulan. Bobot sapi jantan berkisar 186 dan sapi betina berkisar 193.05 268.45 kg. - 284.4 kg Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh perlakuan sangat berbeda nyata (P<.01) terhadap konsumsi nitrogen dan pengeluaran nitrogen feses. Sedangkan pengeluaran Nurin, retensi nitrogen, kecernaan protein, pertambahan bobot badan dan efisiensi penggunaan nitrogen memberi pengaruh tidak berbeda nyata dalam satuan g N/kg BBO.75/hari. Konsumsi nitrogen perlakuan A, B C dan D masing-masing 2.43; 1.88; 1.32 dan 1.65 8 65 & N/kgBBO.75/hari, Pengeluaran N-feses: 0.79; 0.68; 0.48 dan 0.47 g N/kgBBO.75/hari, Kecernsan protein: 70.79; 77,09; 73.60 dan 70.96 persen, Pengeluaran N-urin: 1.38.10-2; 2.64.10-3; 1.76.10-2dan 0.82. 10-2 g N/kgBBO.75/hari, .75/hari, pertambahan bobot badan : 1.60; 2.30; 1.87 dan 1.72 kg/hari dan efisiensi penggunaan nitrogen: 0.0027; 0.0011; 0.0019 dan 0.0070….
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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