Judul: Kecernaan Nutrien pada Pedet Peranakan Frisian Holstein Pra Sapih yang Diinokulasi Bakteri Pencerna Serat
Abstrak: Pedet pada periode menyusu sebelum berumur tiga bulan sangat rendah daya adaptasinya terhadap pakan maupun lingkungan sehingga mengakibatkan tingginya kematian akibat kesalahan manajemen pakan. Lambatnya adaptasi saluran pencernaan pedet khususnya rumen terhadap pakan kering dapat menyebabkan pertumbuhan yang lambat dan meningkatnya biaya pembesaran pedet. Stimulasi perkembangan mikroba rumen merupakan salah satu upaya memanipulasi ekosistem rumen. Perkembangan bakteri pencerna serat di dalam rumen pedet sejalan dengan peningkatan kemampuan konsumsi dan kecernaan komponen pakan kering serta sintesis protein mikroba. Bakteri pencerna serat yang berasal dari rumen kerbau dianggap dapat mencerna serat kasar lebih efisien dibanding sapi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendorong perkembangan saluran pencernaan dan mengkaji pengaruh inokulasi bakteri pencerna serat terhadap konsumsi, fermentasi, dan kecernaan nutrien pada pedet peranakan Frisian Holstein pra sapih yang diberi calf starter. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan November 2009 sampai dengan Maret 2010, bertempat di komplek kandang A, kandang sapi perah Departemen Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Ternak yang digunakan adalah 7 ekor pedet peranakan Frisian Holstein (PFH) yang berumur 1 bulan. Pedet secara acak mendapatkan perlakuan dan kontrol. Sebanyak 4 ekor pedet diinokulasi bakteri pencerna serat sebagai perlakuan dan 3 ekor pedet tanpa inokulasi sebagai kontrol. Bakteri pencerna serat yang digunakan berasal dari cairan rumen kerbau. Isolat bakteri merupakan koleksi laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi Ternak Perah, Departemen INTP. Inokulasi dilakukan sebelum pemberian susu pada pagi hari per oral sebanyak 20 ml per hari.
Keyword: rumen ecosystem, bacteria Inoculation, digestive system, nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, nutrient fermentability

Judul: Status Fisiologis dan Performa Pedet Peranakan Friesian Holstein Lepas Sapih Pasca Inokulasi Bakteri Pencerna Serat dengan Pakan yang Diberi Kobalt
Abstrak: Pedet merupakan ternak muda yang kurang mampu dalam menyesuaikan diri dengan kondisi lingkungannya. Pada periode awal, pencernaan hanya terjadi di dalam alat pencernaan pasca rumen. Pencernaan fermentatif oleh mikroba masih sangat terbatas karena mikroba dalam rumen pedet belum berkembang sempurna sehingga pedet belum mampu memanfaatkan nutrien selain susu. Keterbatasan kemampuan pencernaan fermentatif dapat mempengaruhi konsumsi pakan, produktivitasnya dan kondisi fisiologis nya jika pakan non-susu mulai diberikan sebagai pengganti susu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inokulasi bakteri selama periode menyusu terhadap status fisiologis, pertumbuhan, konsumsi dan kadar Co dalam darah pada pedet peranakan FH lepas sapih. Perlakuan pada periode pra sapih yaitu kontrol (P0) dan pemberian inokulasi isolat bakteri pencerna serat (P1). Selama periode pra sapih pedet diberi susu dan calf starter. Pada saat memasuki periode lepas sapih, inokulasi isolat bakteri pencerna serat dihentikan. Kedua kelompok pedet mendapatkan pakan pertumbuhan yang sama dan disuplementasi Co. Pedet dipelihara di dalam kandang individu beralaskan kayu dengan peralatan berupa wadah pakan, wadah minum, stopwatch, timbangan, dan termometer digital. Setiap pagi dan sore, pedet diberi makan dan minum ad libitum. Suhu dan kelembaban kandang diukur setiap hari pagi dan sore. Setiap minggu pada pagi dan sore hari, dilakukan pengukuran terhadap suhu rektal, laju respirasi, dan denyut jantung. Data hasil pengamatan dibandingkan secara statistik menggunakan t-Test.
Keyword: weather condition, digestive system, rumen bacteria, feed's fibre component, physiological status, Physiological response, rectal temperature, respiration rate

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite