Judul: Stand structure dynamic for forest yield regulation based on number of trees : case on a logged over area of a low and dry-land of tropical rain natural forest in Kalimantan
Abstrak: Differences in logging intensity, forest encroachment, and fires, caused the variability of natural forests condition, including their horizontal and vertical stand structures. Information on the variability of stand structure and dynamic of secondary forests is essential for projecting the future stand structure, which can be used to develop a forest management plan. The study, which used 101 permanent sample plots data established on a low and dry-land natural forest in Kalimantan, showed that there was an obvious variability of the stands condition after logging in terms of the number of trees ha-1 and horizontal stand structure. The variability of stand condition, time after logging, and environmental factors could result in variability of the components of stand structure dynamics (e.g., proportion of trees upgrowth and staying). This study aimed to develop models for estimating the dynamics of stand structure of logged-over natural forests, which used 75 permanent sample plots data of lowland and dryland of natural forests in Kalimantan. The proportions of trees upgrowth, staying (ai), and recruitment (bi) were obtained from 3-years growth data. Trees were classified into several 5-cm diameter classes and two species groups: dipterocarp and non-dipterocarp. This study tried to predict ai and bi by four methods. It showed that the proportion of trees upgrowth and staying of each species group could not be predicted satisfactory by three regression methods using the number of trees, stand basal area or time after logging and elevation that were used as independent variables in multiple linear regression models. The regression models produced overestimate and unrealistic projections of stand structures. In contrast, the projection of stand structures using the dynamics of stand structure’s components that were calculated using arithmetic mean was better performance than that of the three regression models. The simulation of stand structures also confirmed that the methods for calculating trees recruitment significantly affected the projected stand structures. The simulation of stand structure dynamics by using data from three sample plots showed that the different initial condition of stand (i.e. combination of trees number and stand structure) at the same harvesting intensity produced different cutting cycle as well. It was concluded that yield regulation of secondary forest should be determined specific to stand characteristics.
Keyword: permanent sample plot, stand structure projection, upgrowth, logged-over area, tropical natural forest, cutting cycle, logged-over natural forests, Forest Yield Regulation, low and dry-land, tropical rain natural forest, Kalimantan

Judul: Model Dinamika Struktur Tegakan Hutan Alam Bekas Tebangan di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Barat, dan Kalimantan Selatan
Abstrak: Most of the natural forest areas in Indonesia are logged over areas, in which their stand structures are different from those of primary forests. The phenomenon of stand structure dynamics includes recruitment, upgrowth, and mortality. The sustainability of productive forests depends on, among others, forest growth capability, environmental characteristics and proper forest management techniques in accordance with the ability of forest dynamic process. The objective of this study was to obtain dynamic models for the stand structures of logged over natural forests for each diameter classes and tree species groups, and then used them to predict stand structures for the next few years by using a stand structure projection method. This study used periodical measurement data from 44 permanent sample plots (PSP), which were established in the logged over areas of 5 HPH (timber concession companies) in West Kalimantan, 1 HPH in South Kalimantan, and 12 HPH in Central Kalimantan Provinces. Each PSP was one hectare in size, and it had various logging times and measurement periods. Data processing was carried out in the four stages : 1) analyzing the stand growth of each PSP in a 3-year period ; 2) species grouping (i.e. Dipterocarp and Non-Dipterocarp) and diameter grouping into 11 diameter classes (starting from 10-14,99 cm up to 60 cm up; 3) calculating the number and basal area of trees for each species group at each PSP; and 4) analyzing the data by using regression analysis to derive prediction models for projecting the dynamic of stand structures. Results showed that the upgrowth models for Dipterocarpaceae had coefficients of determination (R2) ranging from 14.8% to 70.4%, while those for Non-Dipeterocarpaceae ranging from 12.0% to 92.2%. The fixed models had R2 ranging from 5.4% to 73.0% (for Dipterocarpaceae) and from 5.6% to 82.3% (for Non-Dipeterocarpaceae). For diameter classes with non significant relationships or R2 < 50%, the mean of proportions was used to calculate the probabilities of upgrowth and stay on such diameter classes. The projection result of stand structure dynamics up to 51 years showed that the number of trees was increase. However, the projected stand structures tended to not follow the common “inverse J” curve of stand structure. Therefore, the projected stand structures were only recommended for no more than 12 years, which was also the maximum limit of the after logging period as used for constructing the models.
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Judul: Infeksi cacing Ascarid pasa anjing dan kucing, serta hubungannya sebagai zoonosis
Abstrak: Ada tiga cacing Ascarid yang didapatkan pada anjing dan kucing, yaitu Toxocara canis pada anjing, Toxocara cati pada kucing dan Toxascaris leonina pada anjing dan kucing. Ketiganya mempunyai habitat di usus kecil (Soulsby, 1982). Manusia dapat bertindak sebagai induk semang paratenik dari kelompok ini, melalui anjing dan kucing yang menderita sebagai sumber infeksi, terutama anak- anak anjing dan anak-anak kucing (Brown, 1975). Dari kelompok Ascarid ini penyebab utama penyakit pada manusia adalah Toxocara canis (Soulsby, 1982). Penyakit pada manusia yang disebabkan oleh kelompok ini dikenal sebagai penyakit 'Visceral Larva Migrans' (Brown, 1975), Toxocariasis (Beaver, 1966). Penularan pada anjing dan kucing, dapat melalui telur infektif (langsung), induk semang paratenik seperti tikus, kecos, cacing Lanah dan lain-lain (tidak langsung), intrauterin, trans-mammary dan secara fecaloral. Pada manusia, penularan terjadi melalui telur infektif yang tertelan. Gejala klinis yang tampak pada anjing dan kucing yang terinfeksi oleh kelompok ini, adalah anjing kurus, pertumbuhan terhambat, gelisah, batuk, respirasi meningkat, keluar cairan dari hidung, muntah yang kadang kadang bercampur dengan cacing, icterus, diare, sakit pada abdomen, perut buncit dan kadang-kadang timbul gejala konvulsi (Kelly, 1977). Pada manusia tanda klinis yang umum terlihat, yaitu batuk, dispnoe disertai demam dan gejala umum lainnya. Kadang-kadang endopthalmitis, retinitis perifer, papilitis, dan konvulsi. Pemeriksaan darah terlihat eosinofilia, leukositosis, hiperglobulinemia dan pemerik saan yang lain memperlihatkan hepatomegali…dst
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