Judul: The Variation of Human Color Vision in Bogor
Abstrak: Human trichromacy depend on three different opsin types. The absence of one opsin type causes dichromacy. Human dichromacy has been studied for its variation and frequency. In this study, I observed human color vision variation and frequency in Bogor. There was no exact data about human color vision and its frequency in Indonesia, especially in Bogor. I used cross sectional sampling method to analyze 443 male and 579 female respondents to determine the frequency of color vision variation. The respondesnt were examined using Ishihara Test. The result showed that the frequency of human dichromacy in Bogor was 1.86%. The frequency of male dichromacy was 4.06% and female dichromacy was 0.17%, and only 31.57% of them aware that they were a dichromat. This number was similiar or higher than another Asian and Eastern people dichromacy but lower than European, American, and other Western people.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), variation, Bogor, color vision

Judul: Basic Taste Threshold and Preferences in Food Matrices by Multicultural Approach in Indonesia
Abstrak: Taste is the most important parameter for food acceptance. Each of the basic tastes; sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami, has its minimum concentration to be detected or identified by human senses, called threshold. Cross-cultural studies showed that eating habit was one of the factors that affect taste threshold and preference of food, associated with taste intensity in the food. Indonesia is an archipelagic country with multiethnic citizens with more than 740 ethnic groups. Each ethnic group has its unique food taste and eating habits. Bogor Agricultural University as one of the best university in Indonesia could be a good representative of Indonesian multiethnicity. First year undergraduate students are good representatives. They have lived in Bogor for a short time, thus it can be assumed that their eating habit based on ethnicity still remains. The aim of this study was to evaluate taste threshold of three basic tastes (sweet, bitter, and salty) and preference in food matrices (tea, coffee, and vegetable soup broth) of three ethnic groups in Indonesia. The other aims were to evaluate the influence of gender to taste threshold and preference in Indonesia and to evaluate the correlation between taste threshold and its preference in food matrices. This study was conducted in four stages: (1) preliminary study to determine concentration series of taste threshold and preference tests, (2) panelist recruitment, (3) evaluation of taste threshold and preferences in food matrices, and (4) data analysis. The panelists were first year undergraduate students in Bogor Agricultural University recruited from regional student organizations of three ethnic groups: Minangese, Javanese, and Nusa Tenggara. Recruitment criterias are age (17-25 years old) and having lived in the area of ethnic origin for 10 years minimum. Each ethnic group was represented by 30 panelists, with the proportion 60:40 for female and male. Sensory tests were conducted in Food Sensory Analysis Laboratory, SEAFAST Center, in individual booths on room temperature (25oC). Taste threshold determination was conducted by using three-alternative force choice (3-AFC) ascending concentration series method of limits (ASTM E679), while preference test was conducted using Rank-Rating method. Data analysis were using Microsoft Excel for Windows 2007 and SPSS 20. Analysis of questionnaire data showed that umami and sweet taste were dominantly found in Minangese, Javanese, and Nusa Tenggara foods. Minangese foods were uniquely dominant in spicy taste. The beverages from three ethnic groups were dominant in sweet taste. The average of sweet taste threshold of Indonesian was 6.027 mM of sucrose, 0.713 mM of caffeine for bitter taste, and 1.982 mM of NaCl for salty taste. Minangese had the highest threshold for sweet taste (8.139 mM of sucrose) and bitter taste (0.770 mM of caffeine). Javanese had the highest threshold of salty taste (2.177 mM of NaCl). Panelists from Nusa Tenggara had the lowest threshold of all tastes (4.070 mM of sucrose, 0.671 mM of caffeine, and 1.895 mM of NaCl). Statistical analysis showed that ethnic groups have significantly affected sweet taste threshold (p=0.034) between Nusa Tenggara and Minangese. Gender differences showed that female panelists had lower threshold of all tastes. Statistical analyses of threshold differences
Keyword: AFC, gender, multicultural, preference, taste threshold.

Judul: Pengelolaan Ikan Napoleon (Cheilinus undulatus) Di Kepulauan Anambas (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Siantan Tengah)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Memetakan habitat perairan dangkal tempat larva ikan Napoleon di Siantan Tengah Kepulauan Anambas, (2) Menduga potensi dan pemanfaatan larva ikan Napoleon di Siantan Tengah Kepulauan Anambas (3) Menganalisis usaha budidaya ikan Napoleon di Anambas.(4) Menganalisis keberlanjutan kegiatan penangkapan dan budidaya ikan Napoleon dan (5) Menentukan Strategi pengelolaan Ikan Napoleon di Siantan Tengah. Hasil analisis pemetaan perairan dangkal di Siantan Tengah diperoleh luas habitat perairan dangkal yang dipetakan adalah 113.72 hektar. Kelas pasir mendominasi sebaran habitat yaitu sebesar 43.8% (49.77 hektar), diikuti oleh kelas makroalga sebesar 20.6% (23.39 hektar), kelas abiotik sebesar 17.6% (19.96 hektar), karang hidup sebesar 14.9% (16.94 hektar) dan lamun sebesar 3.2% (3.66 hektar), kecamatan ini merupakan pusat lokasi budidaya ikan Napoleon dan tempat pencarian larva atau benih di Kepulauan Anambas. Berdasarkan perhitungan dan pendugaan populasi potensi larva ikan Napoleon di Siantan Tengah terdapat 3 157 650 ekor dalam satu musim penangkapan dimana hasil tangkapan sebesar 30 ekor per 100 m2. Berdasarkan data perdagangan dan budidaya ikan Napoleon, pemanfaatan ikan ini hanya 10% dari potensi biomassa yang ada di Siantan Tengah 315.765 ekor dengan tingkat kematian 95% maka diperoleh benih sebesar 15 788.25 ekor. Hasil tangkapan juwana Napoleon dengan ukuran >0.5 Inci diperoleh rerata hasil tangkapan sebesar 28 perorang dalam 2 minggu musim penangkapan. Sehigga potensi juwana Napoleon yang tertangkap dalam satu musim adalah 9 628.95 ekor, dengan kepadatan 3 ekor per Ha, dengan luas daerah sargasum sebesar 23.39 Ha. Usaha Perikanan dan Budidaya ikan Napoleon di Siantan Tengah dikelompokan menjadi 3 kategori: (1) Pemeliharaan larva hingga berumur 1 Tahun, (2) Pemeliharaan Sementara 2-3 Tahun dan (3) Pemeliharaan Hingga Panen. Dari Analisis usaha budidaya Napoleon diperoleh keuntungan dimana nilai Net Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C) 1.41–1.47 dan PPC 0.17-0.39 yang berarti bahwa usaha ini layak untuk dijalankan karena memberikan keuntungan bagi nelayan budidaya ikan Napoleon. Pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan ikan Napoleon di Anambas dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan kebijakan penanganan pasca tangkap untuk memperkecil nilai mortalitas larva ikan Napoleon, melatih dan meningkatkan pengetahuan nelayan budidaya secara intensip dan menjadikan kegiatan budidaya sebagai mata pencaharian nelayan, karena dari analisis RAPFISH keberlanjutan ikan Napoleon di Siantan Tengah masih dikategorikan berlanjut dengan nilai indek keberlanjutan 70.93
Keyword: Napoleon, RAPFISH, shallow water, Siantan Tengah, sustainable