Judul: Stabilitas Mikrokapsul Ketoprofen dengan Penyalut Kitosan-Alginat
Abstrak: Drug preparations for stability test has been done in previous research, with composition of chitosan 1.75% (w/v), alginate 0.625% (w/v), glutaraldehyde 4.5% (v/v), and ketoprofen 0.8% (w/v), added with Tween 80 of three levels (1, 2, 3 %). All mixtures were shook under three different times (1, 2, 3 hours). As a new drug preparation, the stability of ketoprofen microcapsule need to be studied. The purpose is to measure the resistance of the coat during storage and use. The stability was tested using accelerated method in climatic chamber under 40±2 °C and relative humidity of 75±5 % in 3 months. The parameter was measured every week included moisture content by using moisture analyzer and ketoprofen content using ultraviolet spectrophotometer at wavelength 254.7 nm. All nine formulas showed high (>10%) and fluctuating moisture content while ketoprofen content was decreasing following different reaction kinetics model for each formula, formula 1 and 2 followed second order, formula 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 followed kinetics Avrami-Erofeev model, and formula 8 followed Prout-Tompkins kinetics model. Microcapsules of formula 8 added with Tween 80 3% and shook for 2 hours, was relatively the best, with ketoprofen content percentage still coated after 3 months, degradation rate constant, and shelf life of 91.47%, 0.0875 week-1, and 14.01 week, respectively. The degradation of ketoprofen presumably follow autocatalytic reaction mechanism controlled by formation and growth of reaction core.
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Judul: Perilaku Disolusi Mikrokapsul Ketoprofen Tersalut Gel Kitosan-Alginat Berdasarkan Ragam Konsentrasi Tween 80
Abstrak: Chitosan ability to form gel has been extensively studied and modified; natural hydrocoloid addition is just an example. Chitosan-alginate gel has a promising potential to be applied as a good coating material in drugs delivery system. In this study, chitosanalginate gel coated ketoprofen microcapsules were made using spray drying method. Tween 80 solution concentration used in the process was varied (1, 2, and 3% (v/v)). The resulting microcapsules particle sizes were ranging from 150 nm to 6 μm. The dissolution test results showed that the Tween 80 solution concentrations were affecting ketoprofen releasing rate for the microcapsule. Maximum ketoprofen release rates either in acidic or basic medium were observed at 2% Tween 80 concentration. The maximum released ketoprofen amounts in acidic and basic medium were 35.19 and 287.92 ppm, respectively. The releasing mechanism was determined by evaluating the releasing kinetic models. The ketoprofen releasing kinetic model, both in acidic and basic medium, was following the Hixson-Crowell kinetic model.
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Judul: Ekologi merak hijau jawa (Pavo muticus muticus) Linnaeus 1758 pada beberapa tipe habitat di Ujung Timur Penyebarannya Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Abstrak: Merak hijau jawa merupakan salah satu jenis burung yang dilindungi.di Indonesia berdasarkan SK Mentan No 66/Kpts/Um/2/1973 dan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No 7 tahun 1999. Menurut ICBP (The International Council for Bird Preservation) merak hijau sebagai jenis burung yang tergolong terancam secara keseluruhan (globally threatened) baik populasi maupun habitatnya, sedangkan CITES mencantumkan merak hijau ke dalam Appendix II, merak hijau dari alam tidak bisa langsung diperdagangkan dan BirdLife International (2007) memasukkan golongan burung yang endangered. Tekanan terhadap populasi dan habitat merak hijau jawa sangat besar, sehingga kondisi populasinya menurun pada setiap penyebaran lokalnya, habitatnya terfragmentasi bahkan terisolasi. Tekanan terhadap populasi terutama karena perburuan liar. Namun demikian fakta menunjukan bahwa merak hijau jawa masih ada (exist), hal ini memberikan gambaran bahwa burung ini tentunya memiliki strategi ekologi tertentu untuk tetap bertahan hidup di alam pada berbagai tipe habitat.
Keyword: Pavo muticus muticus, Call count transect method, Pavo cristatus, Pavo muticus, Pavo muticus spicifer, Pavo muticus imperator, Pavo muticus muticus, Javan Green Peafowl, East Java