Judul: Penyelesaian Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem Menggunakan Algoritme Clarke-Wright dan Algoritme Genetika
Abstrak: Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) merupakan salah satu variasi dari Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) dengan kapasitas angkut kendaraan sebagai kendala yang dihadapi. Ada beberapa metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan ini. Pada karya ilmiah ini, digunakan algoritme Clarke-Wright dan algoritme genetika untuk menyelesaikan CVRP. Pada tahap pertama algoritme Clarke-Wright digunakan untuk pembentukan grup dari sejumlah pelanggan berdasarkan konsep penghematan jarak. Tahap kedua digunakan algoritme genetika untuk penentuan rute pendistribusian di setiap grup yang sudah terbentuk. Model diimplementasikan pada pendistribusian roti. Hasil implementasi model memperlihatkan algoritme yang diusulkan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan algoritme greedy., Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is a variation of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with the vehicle carrying capacity as an obstacle. There are several methods that can be used to solve this problem. In this scientific work, the Clarke-Wright algorithm and genetic algorithm are used to solve CVRP. In the first step, the Clarke-Wright algorithm is used to form groups of a number of customers based on the concept of distance saving. In the second step, genetic algorithms are used to determine the distribution route in each group that has been formed. The model is implemented in bread product delivery. The result of model implementation shows that the proposed algorithm is better than the greedy algorithm.
Keyword: Clarke-Wright algorithm, CVRP, genetic algorithm

Judul: Determination of Capacitated Vehicle Routing  Problem Using Ant Colony Optimization and Simulated Annealing
Abstrak: Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) merupakan variasi dari Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). CVRP bertujuan mencari rute yang meminimalkan biaya transportasi untuk melayani semua pelanggan dengan tetap memperhatikan kendala kapasitas kendaraan. CVRP bersifat NP-Hard problem sehingga sulit menyelesaikan masalah ini secara langsung. Terdapat beberapa metode metaheuristic yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan ini. Pada karya ilmiah ini, metode metaheuristic yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan CVRP adalah metode Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) dan metode Simulated Annealing (SA). Penelitian ini menggunakan tujuh kasus CVRP. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa waktu eksekusi metode SA relatif lebih cepat untuk kasus dengan jumlah node yang sedikit, tetapi relatif lebih lama untuk jumlah node yang lebih banyak dibandingkan metode ACO. Selain itu, total jarak yang dihasilkan metode SA lebih optimal dibandingkan total jarak yang dihasilkan metode ACO., Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is a variation of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). CVRP aims to find routes that minimize transportation costs to serve all customers while taking into account vehicle capacity constraints. CVRP is an NP-Hard problem so it is difficult to solve this problem directly. There are several metaheuristic methods that can be used to solve this problem. In this scientific work, the metaheuristic methods used to solve CVRP are the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) method and the Simulated Annealing (SA) method. This research uses seven CVRP cases. The results show that the execution time of the SA method is relatively faster for cases with a small number of nodes, but relatively longer for a larger number of nodes than the ACO method. In addition, the total distance generated by the SA method is more optimal than the total distance generated by the ACO method.
Keyword: Ant Colony Optimization, Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem, metaheuristic, Simulated Annealing

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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