Judul: Spatial Distribution of Traces of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck, 1847) Activity in Pemerihan Resort Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
Abstrak: Penurunan populasi gajah Sumatra mengindikasikan pentingnya kajian penelitian terkait jejak aktivitas gajah Sumatra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis jejak aktivitas, menduga bentuk sebaran spasial jejak aktivitas, dan menganalisis hubungan jejak aktivitas dengan karakteristik habitat gajah Sumatra di Resort Pemerihan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengamatan langsung pada jalur transek sepanjang 1 km dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis jejak aktivitas gajah Sumatra terdiri dari feses dan tapak. Jejak aktivitas yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah feses di hutan sekunder. Bentuk sebaran spasial jejak aktivitas gajah Sumatra adalah mengelompok dengan nilai IM=2,61. Sebaran spasial jejak aktivitas gajah Sumatra hubungan dengan karakteristik habitat yaitu tipe tutupan lahan (hutan sekunder), kelas topografi (datar), jarak dari sumber air (<1000 m), dan jarak dari permukiman (1000-2000 m). Pengelolaan habitat dan populasi gajah Sumatra melalui pengayaan pakan dan kegiatan penangkaran diperlukan sebagai bentuk upaya konservasi gajah Sumatra., The decline in the sumatran elephant population indicates the importance of research studies related to the traces of Sumatran elephant activities. This study aims to identify the types of activity traces, estimate the shape of the spatial distribution of activity traces, and analyze the relationship between activity traces and the characteristics of the Sumatran elephant habitat at Pemerihan Resort. The method used is direct observation on a 1 km transect line and literature study. The results showed that the types of traces of Sumatran elephant activity consisted of feces and footprints. The most traces of activity found were feces in secondary forest. The form of the spatial distribution of the Sumatran elephant's activity traces is clustered with a value of IM=2,61. The spatial distribution of Sumatran elephant activity traces is related to habitat characteristics, namely land cover type (secondary forest), topographic class (flat), distance from water sources (<1000 m), and distance from settlements (1000-2000 m). Management of the habitat and population of Sumatran elephants through enrichment of feed and captive activities is needed as a form of Sumatran elephant conservation efforts.
Keyword: activity traces, Pemerihan Resort, spatial distribution shape, Sumatran elephant

Judul: Spatial Distribution of Activity Trace of Sumatran Elephant in the Bambangan Restoration Area, Way Kambas National Park.
Abstrak: Konflik gajah sumatera dengan manusia yang masih banyak terjadi saat ini dapat menyebabkan penurunan populasi gajah sumatera, sehingga kajian terkait sebaran spasial sebagai upaya mitigasi konflik gajah dengan manusia penting untuk dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis jejak aktivitas, menduga bentuk sebaran spasial jejak aktivitas, dan menganalisis hubungan jejak aktivitas dengan karakteristik habitat gajah sumatera di areal Restorasi Bambangan. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan metode line transect secara simultan pada 4 jalur transek sepanjang 1 km. Jenis jejak aktivitas gajah sumatera yang ditemukan yaitu, bekas pakan, feses, gesekan, lintasan, dan tapak. Jenis jejak aktivitas yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah feses. Bentuk sebaran spasial jejak aktivitas gajah sumatra adalah mengelompok dengan nilai Ip yaitu 0,62. Jejak aktivitas gajah sumatera banyak ditemukan pada tipe tutupan lahan belukar rawa dengan kelas kelerengan datar (0-8%) dan berjarak dekat dari sumber air (0-250 m) serta jauh dari permukiman (>5000 m)., Conflicts between sumatran elephants and humans that still occur a lot today can cause a decline in the sumatran elephant population, so studies related to spatial distribution as an effort to mitigate elephant-human conflicts are important. This study aims to identify the types of traces of activity, estimate the form of spatial distribution of traces of activity, and analyze the relationship of traces of activity with the characteristics of the habitat of sumatran elephants in the Bambangan Restoration area. Data retrieval was carried out using the line transect method simultaneously on 4 transect lines along 1 km. The types of traces of sumatran elephant activity found were food trace, feces, friction, track, and footprint. The most common type of activity trace found was feces. The form of the spatial distribution of the sumatran elephant's activity traces is clumped with an Ip value of 0,62. The traces of sumatran elephant activity are mostly found in swamp scrub land cover types with a flat slope class (0-8%) and are close to water sources (0- 250 m) and far from settlements (> 5000 m).
Keyword: Activity trace, Bambangan Restoration area, Spatial distribution, Sumatran elephant

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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