Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR|AluI) pada Spesies Sapi Bos javanicus, Bos taurus, dan Bos indicus dengan Metode PCR-RFLP.
Abstrak: Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) gene is a very important in reproduction trait. FSHR is required by Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) to carry out on target tissues. The purpose of this study was to identify polymorphism of the Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor gene in Bos javanicus, Bos taurus, and Bos indicus Cattle. Blood samples used 207 samples consisting of Bos javanicus (Bali Cattle) 59 heads, Bos taurus 137 heads (Limousin 57 heads, Simmental 50 heads, Angus 6 heads, and Holstein Friesian (FH) 24 heads), and Bos indicus 11 heads (Brahman 9 heads and Ongole 2 heads). The polymorphism site analysis from digestion with AluI restriction enzyme allowed the genotype identification. AluI restriction enzyme cut the base position at AG|CT in 193 and 243 bp. Genotyping FSHR gene produced two alleles, namely C and G alleles. These allele produced three genotypes respectively, there are CC (243 and 63 bp), GG (193, 63, and 50 bp), and CG (243, 193, 63, and 50 bp). The highest G allele frequency was found in Bos javanicus (Bali cattle), but the lowest in Bos taurus. The highest C allele frecuency was found in Bos taurus. The value of heterozigosity was the highest in Bos indicus and the lowest in Bos javanicus. The result of this study showed that the allele of FSHR gene in Bos taurus and Bos indicus were polymorphic, while in Bos javanicus was monomorphic.
Keyword: 

Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR|Alu-1) pada Sapi Lokal Indonesia dengan Teknik PCR-RFLP
Abstrak: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technology to amplificate the specific fragments of DNA in vitro. PCR-RFLP is one of the PCR technic was developed to visualize the differences of DNA levels by using enzyme restriction. This research was conducted to identify polymorphism of Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) gene in Indonesian cattle, consits of Bali, Aceh, PO, Pesisir and Katingan. Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) gene is the one of the esensial hormone receptor in reproductivity animal system. It will induce the spermatogenesis and oogenesis process with spesific receptor interaction on male and female cell target. Total of sampels used in this reseach are 129 samples consist of Bali Cattle 16 heads, Aceh 12 heads, PO 29 heads, Pesisir 32 heads, and Katingan 40 heads. The result of this identify polymorphism showed that there are two alelles of C and G and three genotipes (CC, CG, and GG) in Aceh, PO, Pesisir, and Katingan cattle. Heterozygositas of each sample showed that heterozygositas expectation (He) is higher than heterozygositas observation (Ho). The higest heterozygosity value was found in Pesisir Aceh cattle, while the lower heterozygosity value was found in Bali cattle population. Based on the analysis, Indonesian cattle breed (Aceh cattle, Pesisir cattle, PO cattle, and katingan cattle) are polymorphic in FSHR gene with three genotipes (GG, GC, CC) and two alelles (G and C), while the Bali cattle is homozigot with only two genotipes CC and GG.
Keyword: 

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: