Judul: The Effect of Entrepreneurial Activities of Broiler Farm on Business Growth in Indonesia
Abstrak: The world had entered the fourth civilization as the creative era that puts innovation as a driving force of economic growth. Innovation is an important element in entrepreneurship, so that entrepreneurial activity is the attribute key to the success of economic development, particularly in agriculture sector. Entrepreneurial activity has been described by Schumpeter in 1911 which stated that the incorporation of technological advances generated by the innovation made by economic actors (eg. agricultural companies) to maximize profits or utility. The main hypothesis of Schumpeter's theory of economic development that there are linkages between economic growth and entrepreneurship. As Indonesia is a country with great agricultural resources, the agricultural entrepreneurship can be a target of the agricultural economic development policy. One of the agricultural subsectors i.e. the livestock subsector has been growing rapidly. Among the livestock subsectors, broiler business has the highest growth. The broiler business started in the '80s, and the broiler's population has currently reached 2 billion. This is presumably due to entrepreneurial activities, i.e. great innovations in broiler farms such as the breed and feed technological innovations, and harvest acceleration is also drawn by innovative processed products of broilers. Therefore, entrepreneurship activities of broilers in economic growth with reference to Schumpeter's theory of economic development are required to be analyzed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to (1) Identify and analyze the effect of internal and external factors of broiler farms on entrepreneurial activity, (2) Analyze the effects of broiler farms entrepreneurial activity on business growth, and (3) Analyzing variability of broiler farms entrepreneurial activity and business growth in the three forms of broiler farm, ie firms, individuals, and partnerships. The research was conducted in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia for six months from November 2012 to April 2013. The research population was an Indonesian independent communal broiler farm (ICBF-peternakan broiler rakyat mandiri). The data of 381 broiler farmers that operated at the time of the study in Bogor were collected by sampling “census” technique. The primary data were collected through the questionnaires by face to face interview. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis method, namely Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and cross-tabulation analysis. SEM analysis is used to find the relationship between the variables of entrepreneurial activities of broiler farms and variables of economic growth. Cross-tabulation analysis is used to analyze the variability of entrepreneurial activity and economic growth in the form of firms, individuals, and partnership. SEM analysis results showed that the individual internal factors that effect the entrepreneurial activity of broiler farms are innovation and risk. Innovation formed by the contribution of research intensity (finding new things ) stronger than the innovation intensity (doing a better change). Morever, the farmers had a willingness to take the risk of loss and lost all their business assets. Internal factors that effect the entrepreneurial activity of broiler farm are production and labor. Production efficiency, ie the wasted lack of feed , the low of mortality, and timely harvest, relatively contributed higher than the production cost control. The labor attitude contributed higher than knowledge production of labor, because labor was getting tight
Keyword: entrepreneur, innovation, risk, production, labor, policies

Judul: Pengaruh Aktivitas Kewirausahaan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Usaha Peternakan Ayam Broiler Di Provinsi Jambi (Kasus: Pada Kemitraan Ayam Broiler Pt. Indah Ternak Mandiri)
Abstrak: Usaha peternakan ayam broiler di wilayah perkotaan, sub urban, dan wilayah pedesaan, mengalami pertumbuhan usaha yang tidak merata. Wilayah perkotaan memiliki tingkat pertumbuhan usaha lebih beragam, dibandingkan wilayah lainnya. Berdasarkan konsep arah pola ruang yang dimiliki, Pemerintah Provinsi Jambi menetapkan fungsi ruang wilayah perkotaan sebagai zona distribusi, wilayah sub urban dan pedesaan sebagai zona produksi dan konservasi. Konsep arah pola ruang juga menciptakan karakteristik usaha dan pelaku usaha pada masing-masing wilayah. Usaha peternakan ayam broiler di wilayah kota, dikelola oleh sumber daya manusia yang lebih terdidik, sehat dan sejahtera, dibandingkan sumber daya manusia di wilayah sub urban dan pedesaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) menganalisis pengaruh faktor karakteristik wilayah perkotaan, sub urban, pedesaan terhadap aktivitas kewirausahaan; (2) menganalisis pengaruh faktor karakteristik internal individu dan internal perusahaan terhadap aktivitas kewirausahaan; dan (3) menganalisis pengaruh aktivitas kewirausahaan terhadap pertumbuhan usaha peternakan ayam broiler. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey, di Provinsi Jambi. Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 140 orang peternak. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif dan kuantitatif, menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Pengolahan data kuantitatif menggunakan smart partial least square (Smart –PLS 2.0). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, aktivitas kewirausahaan signifikan dan positif dipengaruhi oleh faktor karakteristik wilayah perkotaan, inovasi, resiko, dan daya produksi. Indikator yang dominan merefleksikan karakteristik wilayah kota, inovasi, resiko, dan daya produksi yaitu pusat pasar, sumber daya manusia yang sejahtera, kesediaan berinovasi, penggunaan metode berproduksi baru, mengambil resiko produksi, dan efisiensi produksi. Aktivitas kewirausahaan signifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan usaha, dijelaskan oleh indikator pertumbuhan pendapatan. Wilayah perkotaan merupakan lingkungan paling mendukung, untuk peternak ayam broiler melakukan aktivitas kewirausahaan. Kebijakan yang mendukung terciptanya aktivitas kewirausahaan peternak ayam broiler sangat diperlukan, diantaranya melalui penataan kawasan peternakan, membuka pasar baru, meningkatkan layanan jasa tarnsportasi dengan peningkatan jumlah jaringan dan kualitas jalan. Pelatihan penerapan inovasi, dan peningkatan jumlah fasilitas pendidikan dan kesehatan juga diperlukan untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan tenaga kerja yang trampil, terdidik, sehat, dan sejahtera.
Keyword: tata ruang wilayah, kewirausahaan, pertumbuhan usaha

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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