Judul: Analysis of Sustainability and Wood Marketing at the Mixed Garden of Karacak Village, Leuwiliang District, Bogor
Abstrak: The objective of this study was to analyze the sustainability of the mixed garden at Karacak in performing its current functions (production, social, ecological) and examine the current marketing of wood at the mixed garden of Karacak. The study was conducted at the Village of Karacak, Bogor, from January to February 2011 by means of a survey and in-depth interviews. The management of Karacak’s mixed garden has not met the minimum requirements for the achievement of its sustainable functions (production, social, ecological) and is declared to have 'passed with some notes'. There are two marketing channels in Karacak Village: (1) the farmer share of only 7.46 % with the marketing margin of 72 % at the industry level and (2) the farmer share of 20% with the marketing margin of 80 % at the industry level. The average efficiency value of marketing the people’s timber coming from Karacak’s mixed garden is 47.09%. It is concluded that the management of the mixed farm does not meet the requirements for the achievement of its sustainable functions and the marketing at the village is not yet efficient.
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Judul: Studi Distribusi Keuntungan dan Kelestarian Hutan Rakyat (Kasus di Kecamatan Leuwiliang, Kabupaten Bogor, Propinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: The existence of private forest give ecological and economical benefit to the society. Private forest also became the main resources for wood processing industries. The development of wood processing industries in Bogor is increasing day by day. This situation should be motivate the private forest farmers to develop their forest. Instead, the private wood production in Leuwiliang is decreasing every year due to the high rate of harvesting without balancing the replanting by the farmers. The empowerment of private forest in Kecamatan Leuwiliang still became a secondary job. The lack of market information and farmer knowledge on marketing the private woods added with low amount of capital affect the role of tengkulak became dominant. This situation affected the distribution of profit to the role player of private forest woods marketing not well spread. The low profit and undistributed uniformly may reduce the enthusiasm and motivation of private forest farmers. This will eventually affected the sustainable of private forest and the empowerment of private forest and also the supply of resources for wood processing industries. The purpose of this research is to find the potencies and the sustainable of private forest in Kecamatan Leuwiliang, Find the profit distribution from the organization that involve in private woods marketing, and to find the connection between profit distribution and the sustainable of private forest using the correlation analysis. The method that was used in this research was the Purposive Sampling. Data collection done by interview to respondent using questionnaire, and also through observation and literature study to collect secondary data. The average number of trees in sample village were 50 stem/ha that consist of 31 stem/ha Sengon and 28 stem/ha African woods. From all off sample village the number of Sengon tree and African tree relative small, this situation because the society prefer to plant Merahan variety that produces fruit like Durian, Kecapi, Jack fruit and etc. The structure conditions of private forest were shown by the diameter distribution, the number of trees on every farm owner and the harvest pattern. Sengon on the diameter 11 – 15 cm class were decreasing, while the largest number on the diameter 10 cm class. This was affected by the high rate of diameter 11-15 cm class logging. These conditions also happen to the African trees. The number of diameter < 10 cm class of Sengon and African compare with other diameter show that the society still done planting in their fields although they only depend on the natural reforestration. The marketing of private woods in Kecamatan Leuwiliang into the sawing industries could be divided into two main distribution channel that are channel through tengkulak and channel without tengkulak. The organization that spends larger cost will get a larger profit. The amount of profit received by the organization in order are sawing industries, tengkulak and private forest farmer. From the correlation analysis obtained correlation co efficiency number between benefit (X) and conservation (Y) is -0.346 this means the relation between two variable is reverse because the negative value, where the conservation number become higher so the distribution profit become
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Judul: Peranan virus rota pada diare anak sapi
Abstrak: Virus rota sebagai salah satu agent penyebab diare pada anak sapi telah dapat dipastikan setelah Mebus et al. (1969) di USA berhasil mengisolasinya dari filtrat feses anak sapi (McNulty, 1976). Pada penelitian selanjutnya McNulty (1978) melaporkan bahwa virus rota selain menyerang anak sapi juga babi, domba, kambing, manusia, unggas, kelinci, tikus, anjing, kucing, rusa dan kuda. Durham dan Johnson (1982) mengatakan bahwa virus rota berbentuk bulat dan mengandung RNA serabut ganda yang dikelilingi atau diselaputi oleh kapsid ganda. Dari bentuk tersebut menyebabkan virus rota terlihat menyerupai roda dan dari sinilah nama rota diberikan (rota = roda). Selanjutnya dikatakan bahwa pada kapsid bagian dalam terdapat antigen yang spesifik terhadap group pada semua virus rota tanpa memandang dari hewan apa virus itu berasal. Sebaliknya kapsid bagian luar mengandung antigen yang spesifik terhadap spesies menurut hewan asal virus tersebut dan antigen inilah yang mempunyai aktifitas hemaglutinasi. Struktur virus rota ada dua macam, pertama yang mempunyai kapsid perlapis tunggal tanpa mampu mengaglutinasikan sel darah merah, kedua virus rota dengan kapsid berlapis ganda dengan kemampuan mengaglutinasikan sel darah merah.
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