Judul: Histopathological Study of Mice Heart  Following Injections of Alzheimer Protein Aβ42 (Amyloid Beta 42)
Abstrak: Penyakit Alzheimer merupakan penyakit neurodegeneratif yang ditandai dengan akumulasi amiloid di dalam dan luar neuron yang menyebabkan kondisi penyusutan dan kematian pada otak. Akumulasi amiloid pada Alzheimer dapat terjadi di sistem syaraf pusat dan organ-organ lain terutama jantung. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat efek injeksi protein Aβ42 di mencit pada morfopatologi jantung. Mencit pada penelitian ini dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (n=7) dan kelompok dengan perlakuan injeksi protein Aβ42 (n=6). Kemudian nekropsi dilakukan pada kedua kelompok tersebut untuk mengambil sampel jantung yang diproses secara histopatologi dan diwarnai pewarnaan rutin Hematoksilin Eosin dan Congo-red untuk mendeteksi amiloid di jaringan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan kuantitatif menggunakan perangkat lunak image processing dan secara statistika. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa diameter dan densitas otot jantung pada mencit yang diinjeksi Aβ42 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Pengamatan pada pembuluh darah jantung mencit yang diinjeksi Aβ42 menunjukkan adanya retensi amiloid pada dinding pembuluh darah. Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa injeksi protein amiloid Aβ42 pada mencit dapat menyebabkan perubahan morfologi otot jantung yang disertai akumulasi amiloid pada dinding pembuluh darah. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan dasar informasi pada proses patogenesis serta karakteristik morfopatologi Alzheimer di jantung.
Keyword: alzheimer, amiloid beta 42, histopatologi, jantung, mencit, alzheimer, amiloid beta 42, histopatologi, jantung, mencit

Judul: Histopathological Study of Mice Brain Post Alzheimer Protein Marker Amyloid Beta-42 (Aβ42) Injections
Abstrak: Penyakit Alzheimer merupakan terjadi karena degenerasi progresif dan konis pada sel-sel syaraf pada usia tua, yang ditandai dengan keberadaan senile plaque dan neurofibrillary tangles. Otak merupakan organ vital dengan lesio yang signifikan pada Alzheimer karena retensi protein abnormal amiloid beta-42 (Aβ42) pada sel neuron. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari adanya perubahan histopatologi otak akibat retensi amiloid beta-42 (Aβ42). Digunakan sebanyak 14 jaringan otak mencit, yang terbagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu mencit yang diinjeksi dengan antigen Aβ42 (n=6), dan kontrol (n=8). Pengamatan histopatologi jaringan otak dilakukan pada preparat dengan pewarnaan rutin hematoksilin eosin serta congo red yang spesifik mewarnai amiloid. Temuan lesio dianalisa secara deskriptif dan semikuantitatif menggunakan skoring. Berdasarkan pengamatan yang dilakukan, ditemukan 5 jenis lesio patologis sebagai indikator penyakit Azheimer, yaitu neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), granulovacuolar disease (GVD), hirano bodies, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) dan senile plaque (SP). Lesio GVD, NFT, dan hirano bodies ditemukan pada dua individu yang sama, dengan lesio NFT dan GVD pada tingkat II dan lesio hirano bodies pada tingkat I, sedangkan SP dan CAA ditemukan di keenam individu dengan kedua lesio pada tingkat I. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa lesio karakteristik Alzheimer dapat ditemukan pada semua mencit yang diinduksi dengan injeksi protein amiloid beta-42. Hasil studi ini dapat memberikan informasi mengenai patogenesis Alzheimer dan potensi mencit sebagai hewan coba pada penelitian penyakit Alzheimer., Alzheimer's disease is caused by the progressive and chronic degeneration of nerve cells in old age, with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles as characteristic lesions. The brain is a vital organ with significant lesions in Alzheimer's due to the abnormal protein amyloid beta-42 (Aβ42) retention within nerve cells. The purpose of this study was to look at the histopathological changes in the brain caused by the retention of amyloid beta-42 (Aβ42). 14 mice’s brain tissue were used and divided into two groups: mice injected with Aβ42 (n=6) and control (n = 8). Histopathological examinations of brain tissue were carried out on preparations stained with routine hematoxylin-eosin and congo red, which mark amyloid deposits. The lesion findings were analyzed descriptively and semi-quantitatively using a scoring method. This study revealed five types of lesions as indicators of Alzheimer's disease: neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), granulovacuolar disease (GVD), Hirano bodies, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and senile plaque (SP). GVD, NFT, and Hirano body lesions were found in the same two individuals, with NFT and GVD lesions at grade 2 and Hirano body lesions at grade 1, whereas SP and CAA were found in six mice, with both lesions at grade 1. This study found that all mice induced by injection of amyloid beta-42 protein had typical Alzheimer's lesions. This study could shed light on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and the utility of mice as animal models in Alzheimer's disease research.
Keyword: amyloid beta-42 (Aβ42), animal model, brain, histopathology, mice

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite