Judul: Pemanfaatan Roti Afkiran Sebagai Sumber Energi Menggantikan Jagung Untuk Ternak Babi Kastrasi dan Tidak Kastrasi Periode Pengakhiran
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jurusan Ilmu Produksi Ternak, Laboratorium Ternak Babi, Fakultas Peternakan, Ins- titut Pertanian Bogor. Waktu penelitian selama 60 hari, dari tanggal 21 Mei sampai 20 Juli 1984. Ternak percobaan yang digunakan adalah ternak-ternak babi persilangan lokal periode pengakhiran ("finishing"). sebanyak 24 ekor, terdiri dari 12 ekor jantan kastrasi dan 12 ekor jantan tidak kastrasi. Bobot badan awal rataan untuk jantan kastrasi 60,53 kg dan jantan tidak kastrasi 61,3 kg. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah hendak melihat sejauh mana manfaat dan pengaruh roti afkiran sebagai pakan sumber energi asal limbah industri terhadap penampilan ternak babi sebagai upaya menggantikan jagung. Dalam percobaan ini dipakai percobaan berfaktor ganda 2 x 4 x 3, yang dilaksanakan dengan rancangan Petak Terbagi ("Split Block Design" atau "Strip Plot Design"). Tingkat penggunaan roti afkiran dalam ransum adalah 0, 5, 10, dan 15 persen. Ransum-ransum tersebut adalah: RI = Ransum mengandung O persen roti afkiran (Belum ada jagung yang digantikan) RII = Ransum mengandung 5 persen roti afkiran (Penggantian jagung 33,33 persen) Ransum = mengandung 10 persen roti afkiran (Penggantian jagung 66,67 persen) RIV =Ransum mengandung 15 persen roti afkiran (Penggantian jagung 100 persen) Hasil analisa statistik menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ransum memberi pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kon- sumsi secara kuadratik dengan persamaan Y = 2465,48-14,8 X + 134,0 X. Perlakuan ini tidak nyata untuk pertambahan bobot badan dan konversi makanan. Sedangkan perlakuan sex sangat nyata (P<0,01) pengaruhnya terhdap konsumsi, dan nyata (P<0,05) terhadap pertambahan bobot badan, namun tidak memperlihatkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap konversi makanan. Secara ekonomis diperoleh bahwa ransum RIV R- lebih efi- sien, dan memberikan penerimaan yang paling besar dibanding ransum yang lain, namun akan lebih menguntungkan lagi bila dilakukan kastrasi….
Keyword: 

Judul: Pemanfaatan Roti Afrikan Sumber Energi Menggantikan Jagung Ternak Babi Kastrasi dan Tidak Kastrasi Periode Pengakhiran
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jurusan Ilmu Produksi Ternak , Laboratorium Ternak Babi, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Waktu penelitian selama 60 hari dari tanggal 21 Mei samapai 20 Juli 1984. Ternak percobaan yang digunakan adalah ternak-ternak babi persilangan lokal periode pengakhiran ("finishing") sebanyak 24 ekor, terdiri dari 12 ekor jantan kastrasi dan 12 ekor jantan tidak kasatrasi.
Keyword: 

Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis