Judul: Aktivitas Antibakteri Penyebab Jerawat dari Ekstrak Daun Surian (Toona sinensis) pada Berbagai Variasi Umur Pohon
Abstrak: Jerawat menyerang 85% populasi dunia berusia 11-30 tahun. Pengobatan jerawat menggunakan antibiotik seperti klindamisin secara berlebihan dapat menyebabkan resistensi bakteri. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengobatan jerawat dengan bahan alami yang menguntungkan dalam aspek kesehatan dan keamanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksana daun surian dari umur pohon 16, 27, dan 34 tahun dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab jerawat. Ekstraksi sampel dilakukan dengan metode maserasi. Kemudian filtrat dievaporasi menggunakan alat rotary evaporator pada suhu 400C. Aktivitas antibakteri diuji dengen metode difusi cakram dan dibandingkan terhadap kontrol positif (klindamisin) dan kontrol negatif (DMSO 20%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak metanol berumur 16 tahun pada konsentrasi 10.000 µg/mL mampu menghambat pertumbuhan pada S. aureus (17.73 mm) dan P. acnes (15.80 mm). Sampel dengan aktivitas terbaik pada masing-masing jenis pelarut diuji kembali untuk menentukan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM). Hasil KHM dan KBM untuk bakteri S. aureus adalah 500 µg/mL dan 1000 µg/mL. Sementara itu KHM dan KBM P. acnes adalah 100 µg/mL dan 500 µg/mL. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak metanol daun surian berumur 16 tahun menjadi ekstrak terbaik yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus dan P. acnes dengan kategori kuat., Acne affects 85% of the world's population aged 11-30 years. Excessive use of antibiotics such as clindamycin in acne treatment can lead to bacterial resistance. Therefore, acne treatment with beneficial natural ingredients is necessary in terms of health and safety aspects. This study aims to examine the anti-bacterial activity of methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts from Toona sinensis leaves aged 16, 27, and 34 years in inhibiting the growth of acne-causing bacteria. Sample extraction was performed using the maceration method. Then, the filtrate was evaporated using a rotary evaporator at 40°C. Antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method and compared to positive control (clindamycin) and negative control (20% DMSO). The results showed that the 16-year-old methanol extract at a concentration of 10,000 µg/mL could inhibit growth in S. aureus (17.73 mm) and P. acnes (15.80 mm). Samples with the best activity in each solvent type were retested to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The MIC and MBC results for S. aureus were 500 µg/mL and 1000 µg/mL, respectively, while for P. acnes, they were 100 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the 16-year-old Toona sinensis metanol leaf extract is the best extract capable of inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and P. acnes bacteria with a strong category.
Keyword: Antibacterial, P.  acnes, S. aureus, Toona sinensis, Tree age

Judul: Total Phenolic and Antioxidant Activity of Surian (Toona Sinensis) Leaves on Various Tree Age and Solvent Concentration
Abstrak: Ekstrak daun surian (Toona sinensis) memiliki kandungan senyawa fenolik yang dapat berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami. Pengoptimalan umur panen tanaman serta konsentrasi pelarut (etanol) diperlukan untuk mendapatkan aktivitas antioksidan daun surian terbaik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh dari variasi umur pohon dan konsentrasi pelarut etanol terhadap kadar total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan yang terkandung dalam sampel daun surian asal Sumedang menggunakan uji analisis in vitro. Kadar total fenolik diukur dengan menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu, sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Ekstrak daun surian umur 34 tahun menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% memiliki kadar total fenolik tertinggi yaitu sebesar 392.28 mg GAE/g bobot kering dan menghasilkan kapasitas antioksidan tertinggi yaitu sebesar 1130.26 μm TE/g bobot kering dengan nilai IC50 terkecil dibandingkan dengan sampel lainnya yaitu sebesar 4.19 μg/mL sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa ekstrak daun surian 34 tahun menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% memiliki aktivitas antioksidan terbaik. Umur pohon dan konsentrasi pelarut etanol terbukti dapat mempengaruhi hasil kadar total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan daun surian., The extract of surian leaves (Toona sinensis) contains phenolic compounds that have the potential as natural antioxidants. Optimization of the plant harvesting age and solvent concentration (ethanol) is necessary to obtain the best antioxidant activity of surian leaves. This study aimed to examine the effect of variations in tree age and ethanol solvent concentration on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of surian leaves from Sumedang using in vitro analysis. The total phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while the antioxidant activity was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The extract of 34-year-old surian leaves using 96% ethanol solvent had the highest total phenolic content of 392.28 mg GAE/g dry weight and also produced the highest antioxidant capacity of 1130.26 μm TE/g dry weight with the smallest IC50 value compared to other extracts, which was 4.19 μg/mL, indicating that the 34-year-old surian leaf extract using 96% ethanol solvent had the best antioxidant activity. Tree age and ethanol solvent concentration were proven to affect the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of surian leaves.
Keyword: Antioksidan, kadar fenolik, metode DPPH, Toona Sinensis

Judul: Modeling Multi-Agent in Futsal Sport Using Finite State Machine.
Abstrak: Building agents for futsal scenario requires methodologies for implementing high-level complex behavior and efficient programming. With that hypothesis in mind, this paper will show that we can develop futsal agents using simple logic and rule-based manner with Finite State Machine (FSM). FSM provides a powerful way to describe dynamic behavior of systems and components. The systems adapt specific behaviors with the main focus on how agents should behave for current situation. This research is designed with State design pattern to implement FSM in object oriented languages. In order to describe procedural aspects of the agents behavior, the state machine represented by state diagram. Because of this, we can revise behavior of agents which is triggered by external events. From this research the system can describe agent’s behavior and specified the state of the current situation. Keywords: Multi-agent, Finite State Machine, object oriented, State design pattern.
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