Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Jenis KudapanTerhadap Daya Ingat Sesaat Siswa SDN 1 Pasanggrahan Purwakarta.
Abstrak: The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of snack types intervention towards the short term memory capacity of Elementary Students at SDN 1 Pasanggrahan, Tegalwaru sub Distric, Purwakarta Distric. The research used experimental design with 24 students as experimental unit. Data collected are primary and secundary data namely: anemia status, health status, and short term memory. Covariant analysis was used to analyze effect of snack types towards short term memory. The results showed that most of students have good short term memory. There are no sgnificant differennce nutritional status, anemia status, among snack types group. Types of snack consumed had significant effect on short term memory capacity (p<0.05). The nugget fish snack had contributed the highest increase on short term memory capacity based on end-words method, which was quantified at 99.519 points.
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Judul: The Effect of Snack Intervention on Blood Glucose Level and Memory Improvement of Primary School's Students
Abstrak: Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kudapan di sekolah melalui program PMT-AS, yang mengandung energi dan protein rata-rata 124 kkal dan 1,5 gram, berpengaruh "yata terhadap peningkatan kadar glukosa darah anak sekolah dasar meskipun belum menunjukkan pengaruh yang "yata terhadap daya ingatnya. Hal ini diduga karena terlalu rendah kandungan energi dan protein dan kudapan yang diberikan dan kurang sesuai metode yang digunakan dalam pengukuran daya ingat Salah satu indikator biokimia dari kekurangan konsumsi energi adalah rendahnya kadar glukosa darah, sedangkan indikator dari prestasi belajar anak antara lain dapat ditentukan melalui pengukuran daya ingatnya. Secara umum. tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh intervensi makanan kudapan terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan daya ingat anak sekolah dasar (SO). Adapun tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah menganalisis konsumsi energi. karbohidrat. protein dan lemak anak SO. menganalisis pengaruh konsumsi makanan terhadap kadar hemoglobin anak SO. menganalisis pengaruh intervensi kudapan terhadap kadar glukosa darah anak SO. menganalisis perubahan daya ingat anak SO akibat pemberian kudapan. dan menganalisis pengaruh kadar glukosa darah terhadap daya ingat anakSO., The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of snack intervention on blood glucose level and memory improvement of primary school's students. Subjects of this study were 184 students of four (4) primary schools (grade 6,5 and 4) at Bogar District, West Java. The study employed a quasi-experimental desig n and followed experimental procedures to control the subject's intake and motor activity during the study period. At the day of intervention, both control and intervention's subjects were ordered not to have breakfast at home. Intervention's subjects were provided with snack (buras, at 10.ho AM) which contain 381.7 kcal energy and 5 g protein, but control's subjects were not. Two types of psychological test (word and figure) were applied twice (at 09.00 and 11.00 AM). Then, at the same time, subject's blood was taken to determine blood glucose, haemoglobin, and hematocrite levels. Interviews with subjects and their mothers were done to collect socia-economic data and dietary intake. Result of the study indicate that snack intervention has increased significantly (p<0.01) blood glucose level (20.8 mg/dl) for about 1 hour after snack given. Blood glucose level significantly (p<0.01) effect on the word's and figure's memory performance.
Keyword: Snack intervention, Blood Glucose, Memory improvement, Primary school, Memory performance

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship