Judul: Identifikasi keragaman gen β-Kasein (CSN2) pada kambing peranakan etawah, saanen dan persilangannya dengan metode PCR-SSCP
Abstrak: Casein genetic polymorphisms are important and well known due to their effects on quantitative traits and properties of milk. β-kasein gene is directly related to the quality and properties of milk. A protocol for the rapid and simultaneous genotyping of β-kasein alleles was conducted by single strand conformational polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (SSCP-PCR) method in goat. Screening β-kasein gene variability in 3 dairy goat breeds was conducted for Etawah Grade (77 samples), Saanen (67 samples) and PESA (Crossbreed Etawah Grade with Saanen) (29 samples) in Bogor and Sukabumi. The objective of this research was to identify polymorphism of the β-kasein (CSN2) gene in dairy goat. This research found three alleles of the β-casein gene, ie CSN2*A, CSN2*C, dan CSN2*O. In most breeds, CSN2*O occurred in the lowest frequency. The identification of the CSN2 gene variability in the goat breeds indicated the highly of the A allele. The CSN2*A allele had a high frequency in Saanen in Cijeruk (0,66); Etawah Grade in Cariu (0,62); and PESA in Cariu (0,54). While the CSN2*C allele had a high frequency in PESA in Balitnak (0,83); Etawah Grade in Ciapus (0,48); and Saanen in Taurus (0.38). Based on the results of chi-square analysis, found that Saanen in Cariu and Taurus were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
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Judul: Polimorfisme Gen β-Casein (CSN2) g.8913 A>C Pada Kambing Perah di Balitnak.
Abstrak: Protein dalam susu kambing terdiri dari whey dan kasein, dimana kasein menyumbang 80% dari total protein. β-Casein merupakan salah satu tipe kasein yang sensitif terhadap Ca dengan kadar berkisar sampai 50% dari total kasein dalam susu yang produksinya dikode oleh gen β-Casein (CSN2 gene). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman gen β-Casein dari kambing perah yang berkaitan dengan sifat produksinya. Sebanyak 70 sampel DNA kambing perah berasal dari Balai Penelitian Ternak Ciawi yang terdiri dari 5 ekor kambing PE jantan, 6 ekor jantan dan 2 ekor betina kambing saanen, 5 ekor jantan dan 49 ekor betina kambing sapera, dan 3 ekor kambing saanPE jantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode PCR-RFLP (Polymorphism Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). Keunggulan metode ini terkait dengan efisiensi waktu dan biaya yang terjangkau. Amplifikasi gen β-Casein di ekson 7 menghasilkan produk PCR sepanjang 416 pb (pasang basa) dengan suhu annealing 570C selama 20 detik. Hasil analisis PCR-RFLP dengan enzim DdeI menghasilkan produk sepanjang 233 pb, 162 pb, dan 21 pb. Frekuensi genotipe CC diperoleh sebesar 100% dengan alel C (1,0) . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ditemukan adanya polimorfisme pada gen β-Casein di lokus g.8913 A>C.
Keyword: β-Casein genes, dairy goats, PCR-RFLP

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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