Judul: The effectiveness of providing turmeric flour (Curcuma longa) through feed on cannibalism of catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Abstrak: Ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus.) merupakan komoditas ikan air tawar yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Permintaan ikan lele oleh konsumen mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya, namun permintaan tersebut masih belum terpenuhi akibat produksi ikan lele yang menurun. Kematian ikan lele disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, salah satunya adalah kematian yang disebabkan oleh kanibalisme. Pengendalian kanibalisme dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan hormonal menggunakan hormon estrogen alamiah. Kunyit merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung fitoestrogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dosis penambahan tepung kunyit melalui pakan terhadap kejadian kanibalisme pada benih ikan lele. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dengan tiga pengulangan yang meliputi perlakuan kontrol (tanpa penambahan tepung kunyit), perlakuan penambahan tepung kunyit 15 gr dan 30 gr. Penelitian menggunakan benih ikan lele berukuran 6 cm dengan bobot 3 gram. Benih ikan lele dipelihara dengan padat tebar 300 ekor.m−2 di akuarium berukuran (50x35x40 cm) selama 30 hari masa pemeliharaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung kunyit mampu menekan kanibalisme tipe-I dan tipe-II, serta dapat meningkatkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup dibandingkandengan perlakuan kontrol (p<0,05). Pada kinerja pertumbuhan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata antara perlakuan penambahan tepung kunyit dan perlakuan kontrol., Catfish (Clarias gariepinus.) is a freshwater commodity that is widely consumed by the Indonesian people. Catfish demand by consumers to experience an increase every year, but the request has still not been fulfilled due to declining catfish production. The death of catfish is caused by several things, one of which is death caused by cannibalism. Cannibalism can be done with hormonal approaches using natural hormone estrogen. Turmeric is one of a plant that contain phytoestrogen. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of doses of turmeric flour through feed on cannibalism in catfish seeds. Research consists of three treatments with three repetitions that include control treatment (without addition of turmeric flour), treatment of adding 15 gr, and 30 gr. The study used catfish seed sizing 6 cm for 3 gr of weight. Catfish seeds are maintained by solid 300 tail.m−2 in aquarium (50x35x40 cm) for 30 days of maintenance. The result of research showed that the addition of turmeric flour was able to suppress type-I cannibalism and type-II cannibalism, with increasing survival rates compared to control treatment (p<0,05). In growth performance,it does not have a different effect between the treatment of adding turmeric flour and control treatments
Keyword: Kanibalisme, Ikan lele, Kunyit

Judul: Effort to Supress Cannibalism in Catfish Seeds Clarias sp. fed with 17β-estradiol and Turmeric Powder
Abstrak: Kanibalisme merupakan salah satu penyebab mortalitas tinggi pada segmen pembenihan ikan lele yang dipicu oleh agresivitas benih. Penambahan hormon estradiol-17β pada pakan dapat membantu menekan kanibalisme dengan mengurangi potensi agresivitas ikan lele. Kunyit mengandung senyawa fitoestrogen yang memiliki kemiripan dengan senyawa estradiol-17β sehingga dapat meningkatkan kadar hormon estrogen dalam tubuh ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas penambahan hormon estradiol-17β dan tepung kunyit pada pakan untuk menekan tingkat kanibalisme benih ikan lele. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial. Perlakuan terdiri dari dosis hormon estradiol-17β 0, 30, 50 mg.kg-1 pakan, dikombinasikan dengan tepung kunyit dosis 0% dan 3% kg-1 pakan dengan masing-masing ulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Benih yang digunakan berukuran panjang 2,82±0,02 cm. Benih ikan dipelihara dalam akuarium dengan padat tebar 11 ekor L-1 dan diberi pakan dua kali sehari secara at satiation. Penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata pada parameter kanibalisme total, kanibalisme tipe I, dan potensi kanibalisme. Perlakuan dengan pemberian 50 mg Estradiol-17β.kg-1 dan 0% tepung kunyit pada pakan terbukti paling efektif dalam menekan tingkat kanibalisme pada pembenihan ikan lele., Cannibalism is one of the causes of high mortality in the hatchery of catfish, It can be triggered by aggressive behavior due to high testosterone hormone in the seeds transferred from its mother. The addition of 17β-estradiol to feed can suppress cannibalism by reducing the potential for aggressiveness. Turmeric is contain phytoestrogen compounds that have similarities to estradiol17β so that it can increase levels of the hormone estrogen in the body of fish. This study aims to test the effectiveness of adding the hormone estradiol-17β and turmeric powder to feed to suppress levels of cannibalism catfish seeds. The study used a complete factorial randomized design. The treatment consisted of doses 17β-estradiol (0, 30, and 50 mg.kg-1), combined with turmeric flour doses 0% and 3% kg-1 feed each with three replication. The seeds used are 2.82±0.02 cm. Fish are kept in aquarium with stocking density 11 L-1 fish and fed twice a day on ad satiation basis. Research shows the different result on the parameters of total cannibalism, type I cannibalism, and the potential for cannibalism. Treatment with addition of 50 mg estradiol-17β.kg-1 with 0% of turmeric powder in feed proved most effective in suppressing cannibalism levels in catfish hatchery.
Keyword: 17β-estradiol, cannibalism, catfish, turmeric powder

Judul: Kajian Atmosfer Bawah Wilayah Tropis dan Subtropis
Abstrak: Planetary Boundary Layer is the lowest part of the atmosphere directly affected by the earth’s surface and responds to surface forcings within a time period of hourly to daily. The thickness of boundary layer varies over space and time, ranging from hundreds of meters to a few kilometers. The objective of this study consist of the analysis of Boundary Layer based on diurnal and nocturnal vertical profiles of meteorological properties and identification of characteristics pertaining to tropical atmosphere (represented by Soekarno-Hatta (6.110S, 106.650E), Polonia (3.560N, 98.680E), and Da Nang (16.030N, 108.200E) stations) and subtropical atmosphere (represented by Perth (31.930S, 115.960E), Nanjing (32.000N, 118.800E), and Hakasskaja (43.780N, 87.620E) stations). Virtual potential temperature, specific humidity, wind speed and direction, atmospheric stability, and Bulk-Richardson number are used to estimate the boundary layer thickness. Vertical profile of the virtual potential temperature and specific humidity are used to determine the Mixed Layer heights during the day and Residual Layer heights during the night. On the other hand, the mean value of Turbulent Flow Thickness is derived from the vertical profile of the Bulk-Richardson number (RiB). Analytical results of this study revealed that Mixed Layer height in the tropical atmosphere varies in a range from 260 m to 1410 m, Residual Layer height varies in a range from 267 m to 925 m, whereas the Turbulent Flow Thickness variation is confined between 0 m to 335 m. In subtropical atmosphere Mixed Layer height varies in a range from 101 m to 1483 m, Residual Layer height varies in a range from 121 m to 1276 m, whereas the Turbulent Flow Thickness variation is confined between 0 m to 769 m. This study also revealed that, except during summer, Mixed Layer Heights in the tropics are normally higher than in the subtropics.
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