Judul: Analisis Efisiensi Teknis dan Pendapatan Usahatani Ubi Jalar di Kecamatan Cilimus Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat : Pendekatan Stochastic Production Frontier
Abstrak: Analisis Efisiensi Teknis dan Pendapatan Usahatani Ubi Jalar di Kecamatan Cilimus Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat : Pendekatan Stochastic Production Frontier ...
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Judul: Analisis Efisiensi Usahatani Ubi Jalar Di Kecamatan Ampek Angkek Kabupaten Agam Sumatera Barat
Abstrak: Kecamatan Ampek Angkek merupakan salah satu daerah sentra ubi jalar di Sumatera Barat. Kecamatan ini memiliki peluang untuk dapat meningkatkan produksi ubi jalar. Tetapi permasalahan yang terjadi adalah rendahnya produktivitas yang disebabkan oleh belum efisiennya dalan penggunaan input produksi dalam berusahatani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi ubi jalar (2) menganalisis efisiensi teknis, alokatif dan ekonomi usahatani ubi jalar (3) mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi inefisiensi teknis usahatani ubi jalar dan (4) menganalisis pendapatan usahatani ubi jalar di Kecamatan Ampek Angkek Kabupaten Agam Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis efisiensi produksi dan analisisusahatani. Fungsi produksi yang digunakan adalahfungsi produksi Cobb Douglas dan diestimasi menggunakan Ordinary LeastSquares (OLS) dan Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang mempengaruhi produksi ubi jalar di kecamatan Ampek ditemukan signifikan berpengaruh secara statistik terhadap produksi ubi jalar pada α=1% adalah variabel jumlah bibit, jumlah pupuk organik, jumlah tenaga kerja dalam keluarga dan jumlah tenaga luar keluarga. Sedangkan jumlah pupuk anorganik signifikan berpengaruh secara statistik pada α=10%. Hasil analisis efisiensi menunjukkan bahwa petani secara teknis dan alokatif sudah efisien, namun secara ekonomi belum. Hal ini disebakan karena masih mahalnya harga input yang berlaku ditingkat petani. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi inefisiensi teknis adalah keanggotaan petani dalam kelompok tani berpengaruh nyata pada α=10%.Hasil analisis pendapatan usahatani menunjukkan bahwa usahatani ubi jalar layak untuk diusahakan secara finansial karena nilai R/C senilai 1.8.
Keyword: usahatani, ubi jalar, efisiensi, pendapatan, stochastic frontier

Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis