Judul: Pemetaan Shadow Zone Akustik dengan Metode Parabolic Equation di Wilayah Perairan Selat Bali
Abstrak: Shadow Zone adalah suatu wilayah dimana gelombang bunyi tidak dapat menembus suatu kolom perairan akibat pembelokkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan shadow zone berdasarkan parameter oseanografi di Perairan Selat Bali. Data yang digunakan adalah suhu, salinitas, dan kedalaman selama 31 hari pada Musim Timur (Juli) di Selat Bali pada dua stasiun yang merupakan hasil pemodelan numerik yang diunduh dari situs https://marine.copernicus.eu/. Simulasi shadow zone menggunakan metode parabolic equation dengan batasan parameter tertentu. Profil vertikal suhu menunjukkan bahwa, semakin dalam perairan, suhu akan semakin berkurang, sedangkan salinitas berlaku sebaliknya. Kecepatan suara dipengaruhi oleh parameter suhu dan salinitas. Pada letak tranduser 25 m, medium yang tidak terkena pancaran lebih sempit dibandingkan dengan letak tranduser 110 m sehingga area shadow zone dengan posisi tranduser 110 m memiliki area lebih luas. Shadow zone pada bagian Utara Selat Bali efektif dideteksi menggunakan frekuensi 100 Hz, sedangkan pada bagian Selatan Selat Bali efektif dideteksi pada frekuensi 38 Hz, dengan posisi tranduser masing – masing yang digunakan pada kedalaman adalah 25 dan 110 m. Kata kunci : Kecepatan suara, Parabolic Equation, Selat Bali, Shadow zone, Acoustic Shadow Zone Mapping Using Parabolic Equation in the Bali Strait Waters. Supervised by SRI PUJIYATI and AYI RAHMAT. Shadow Zone is an area where sound waves cannot penetrate a water column due to deflection. This study aims to map the shadow zone based on oceanographic parameters in the Bali Strait. The data used are temperature, salinity, and depth for 31 days in the East Season (July) in the Bali Strait at two stations which are the results of numerical modeling that downloaded from the website https://marine.copernicus.eu/. shadow zone simulation uses the parabolic equation metode with certain parameter limits. The vertical temperature profile shows that the deeper the water is, the lower the temperature will be, whereas salinity is the opposite. The sound velocity is affected by the parameters of temperature and salinity. At the location of the 25 m transducers, the medium that is not exposed to the beam is narrower than the location of the 110 m transducers so that the shadow zone with a 110 m transducer position has a wider area. Shadow zone area in the northern Bali Strait is effectively detected using a frequency of 100 Hz, while in the southern part of the Bali Strait it is effectively detected at a frequency of 38 Hz, with the respective transducer positions used at a depth of 25 and 110 m. Keywords: Bali Strait, Parabolic Equation, Shadow zone, Sound Velocity
Keyword: Bali Strait, Parabolic Equation, Shadow zone, Sound Velocity

Judul: Analisis Propagasi Akustik Bawah Air di Selat Sunda
Abstrak: Selat Sunda terletak di antara Pulau Jawa dan Sumatera yang menjadi salah satu Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI 1). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis propagasi akustik bawah air di perairan Selat Sunda bagian selatan pada Musim Peralihan 1 tahun 2020. Data diakses dari laman marine.copernicus.eu berupa data arus, suhu, salinitas, dan kedalaman di 4 stasiun yang berbeda dan diproses menjadi data lingkungan. Kecepatan suara akan diproses menggunakan formula Mackenzie menggunakan data suhu, salinitas, dan kedalaman. Model bellhop merupakan suatu metode beam tracing yang ditransmisikan melalui medium air laut menggunakan data lingkungan. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan adanya bermacam-macam propagasi suara yang terjadi pada setiap stasiun yang diamati akibat adanya faktor kedalaman transduser dan kedalaman perairan. Sudut half bim 5° dan 10° lebih merambat di dasar perairan karena gradien kecepatan suara negatif sedangkan pada pancaran half bim 15° menunjukkan adanya pancaran di permukaan dan dasar perairan. Semakin besar sudut beam maka jarak pancaran suara akan semakin menjauh, begitu juga sebaliknya., Sunda Strait located between Java and Sumatera and being one Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes part. This study aimed to analyzing underwater acoustic propagation in the southern Sunda Strait waters during Transition Season 1 of 2020. Data was taken from marine.copernicus.eu website which were sea current, temperature, salinity, and depth in 4 different stations which will be processed into environment data. Speed of sound will be processed with MacKenzie formula using temperature, salinity, and depth data. Bellhop modelling is a beam tracing method which transmitted through sea water medium using environment data. At the study area found the presence of thermocline, halocline, and mixed layer. The simulation shows that there are various kinds of sound propagation occurred at each observed stations due to the transducer’s depth and water depth factor. At 5° and 10° half beam angle propagates more at the bottom because of negative speed of sound gradien whereas at 15° shows there is a propagation at the bottom and surface of waters. Greater the beam angle, the distance of the sound propagation will be further away and vice versa.
Keyword: bim, kecepatan suara, kedalaman, suhu, salinitas

Judul: Gene Editing  of Two Cyanide Synthesis-related Genes in Cassava using CRISPR/Cas9
Abstrak: Cassava (Manihot esculenta) contain toxic quantities of cyanogenic glucoside. Reducing the potentially toxic cyanogenic glucoside levels in cassava could be achieved by gene editing through Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats – CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), a high- precision genome editing technique in plants. Two cassava UDP- glucosyltransferase (UGT) paralogs, UGT85K4 and UGT85K5, are the genes catalyzing the synthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in plants. The study aimed to construct the CRISPR/Cas9 recombinant vector carrying single guide RNA (sgRNA) to edit UGT85K4 and UGT85K5 genes, and transform sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 construct into KU50 cassava calli. Five sgRNAs were designed, considering the on/off target efficiency score and GC content. Those sgRNAs were ligated into pRGEB32 plasmid and introduced to competent Escherichia coli DH5a. The PCR colony and DNA sequencing were performed to verify the sgRNA insert. The amplicons showed the expected band size of recombinant vector (180 bp). Based on sequencing results, only one sgRNA was successfully ligated into the plasmid that will be used to edit the UGT85K5 gene. The sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 construct in pRGEB32 plasmid was successfully transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and introduced into KU50 cassava calli through co-cultivation. The overgrowth of Agrobacterium occurred after the co-cultivation phase.
Keyword: CRISPR/Cas9, Cyanogenic glucoside, Gene editing, sgRNA