Judul: Determinants of Financial Distress in Islamic Rural Banks (BPRS) in Central Java
Abstrak: Fenomena financial distress sering terjadi dalam berbagai sektor di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah perbankan, termasuk Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang memiliki jumlah BPRS terbanyak. Meskipun perkembangan BPRS di Jawa Tengah positif, profitabilitas menunjukkan tren penurunan yang dapat mengindikasikan kesulitan keuangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis financial distress pada BPRS di Jawa Tengah menggunakan model Zmijewski dengan menggunakan kinerja keuangan dan indikator makroekonomi. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder dari 20 BPRS di Jawa Tengah dianalisis melalui metode deskriptif dan regresi data panel dengan bantuan Microsoft Excel 2021 dan EViews 12. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio kecukupan modal, profitabilitas, likuiditas, dan risiko pembiayaan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap financial distress. Inflasi memiliki hubungan positif signifikan terhadap financial distress. Sementara itu, rasio efisiensi dan pertumbuhan PDB tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terhadap financial distress., The phenomenon of financial distress often occurs in various sectors in Indonesia, one of which is the banking, including Central Java Province, which has the highest number of BPRS (Sharia Rural Banks). Although the development of BPRS in Central Java is positive, its profitability shows a downward trend that may indicate financial difficulties. This study aims to analyze financial distress in BPRS in Central Java using the Zmijewski model by examining financial performance and macroeconomic indicators. The research uses secondary data from 20 BPRS in Central Java, analyzed through descriptive methods and panel data regression with the help of Microsoft Excel 2021 and EViews 12. The results showed that capital adequacy ratio, profitability, liquidity, and financing risk have a significant negative effect on financial distress. Inflation has a significant positive relationship with financial distress. Meanwhile, efficiency ratio and GDP growth do not show a significant effect on financial distress.
Keyword: BPRS, financial distress, Financial performance, panel data regression, kinerja keuangan, regresi data panel, Zmijewski

Judul: Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Financial Distress BPR di Indonesia
Abstrak: Sektor perbankan memiliki peranan penting dalam perkembangan perekonomian di Indonesia. Namun, peranan yang penting ini tidak diimbangi dengan peningkatan kinerja. Hal ini mengakibatkan jumlah BPR yang dilikuidasi di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan. Likuidasi yang dilakukan oleh LPS disebabkan karena BPR mengalami kesulitan keuangan (financial distress). Financial distress adalah tahap penurunan kondisi keuangan yang terjadi sebelum kebangkrutan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat financial distress, dan meneliti faktor-faktor kinerja keuangan (ROA, NPL, BOPO, CAR, dan LDR) yang memengaruhi financial distress BPR di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan 320 BPR periode 2015-2019. Metode purposive sampling digunakan dalam menentukan sampel. Penelitian menggunakan metode Springate untuk memprediksikan tingkat financial distress dan analisis faktor-faktor menggunakan regresi data panel. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan variabel ROA, NPL dan BOPO berpengaruh signifikan terhadap financial distress, sedangkan variabel CAR dan LDR tidak berpengaruh signifikan.
Keyword: Bank Perkreditan Rakyat, financial distress, kinerja keuangan, regresi data panel, regresi data panel, Springate

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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