Judul: Pengolahan dan Pemanfaatan Larva dan Pupa BSF (Black Soldier Fly) Hasil Dekomposisi Limbah Organik
Abstrak: Black Soldier Fly (BSF) memiliki kandungan protein yang cukup tinggi, yaitu 40-50% dengan kandungan lemak berkisar 29-32%. Larva dan pupa BSF yang dihasilkan dari dekomposisi dapat diolah menjadi komponen penting pakan hewan ternak dengan mengubahnya menjadi pelet. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis proses pengolahan larva BSF hasil dekomposisi limbah padat yang tepat, menghasilkan tepung protein dan pelet ikan dari pengolahan larva dan pupa BSF hasil dekomposisi limbah organik, dan mengkaji mutu pakan hasil pemanfaatan larva dan pupa BSF. Tahap penelitian meliputi konversi larva dan pupa BSF menjadi pelet, uji mutu pakan, dan pengukuran pertumbuhan Pangasius sp. dan ayam. Berdasarkan SNI 7548:2009, mutu pelet hasil pemanfaatan larva dan pupa BSF sudah sesuai, kecuali parameter kadar lemak pada pelet A serta kadar air dan abu pada pelet B. Pelet ikan yang dicampurkan dengan 20% tepung protein berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan berat Pangasius sp. Penggunaan tepung protein yang berasal dari larva BSF sebagai bahan substitusi pakan komersil memberikan hasil berat pada ayam yang hampir sama dengan berat ayam yang diberi pakan komersil saja., Black Soldier Fly (BSF) has a fairly high protein content, which is 40-50% with a fat content ranging from 29-32%. BSF larvae and pupae resulting from decomposition can be processed into important components of livestock feed by converting them into pellets. The purpose of this study was to analyze the proper processing of BSF larvae resulting from solid waste decomposition, to produce protein meal and fish pellets from processing BSF larvae and pupae from organic waste decomposition, and to examine the quality of feed from the utilization of BSF larvae and pupae. The research phase included the conversion of BSF larvae and pupae into pellets, feed quality testing, and measurement of the growth of Pangasius sp. and chicken. Based on SNI 7548:2009, the quality of pellets from the use of BSF larvae and pupae was appropriate, except for the parameters of fat content in pellet A and water and ash content in pellet B. Fish pellets mixed with 20% protein flour affected the weight growth of Pangasius sp. The use of protein flour derived from BSF larvae as a substitute for commercial feed gave chicken weight results that were almost the same as the weight of chickens fed commercial feed only.
Keyword: Black Soldier Fly (BSF), Pelet, Larva, Pangasius sp.

Judul: Evaluation of Biological Processing of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Prepupa Phase as an Alternative Protein Source
Abstrak: BSF (Hermetia illucens) merupakan serangga yang memiliki kandungan protein tinggi dan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber protein pakan ternak, tetapi BSF mengandung kitin yang menghambat proses utilisasi nutrien. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengolahan biologis BSF fase prepupa untuk menurunkan kadar kitin. Penelitian ini menggunakan BSF fase prepupa berumur 18 hari yang diberi pakan limbah dapur. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan yaitu P0 (BSF Fase prepupa tanpa perlakuan), P1 (P0 + difermentasi dengan Lactobacillus plantarum), P2 (P0 + difermantasi dengan Aspergillus oryzae) dan P3 (P0 + difermentasi dengan Lactobacillus acidophilus). Variabel yang diamati adalah hasil analisis proksimat, Van Soest, rendemen kitin, spektrum FTIR dan derajat deasetilasi (DD). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya penurunan kandungan serat kasar (SK) 4,43%, ADF 3,89%, NDF 10,6% dan peningkatan protein kasar (PK) 5,38%. Nilai DD kitin P0 sebesar 42,60% nyata lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibandingkan nilai DD pada P1 (32,81%), P2 (26,03%) dan P3 (28,45%) menunjukkan bahwa adanya penurunan kadar kitin., BSF (Hermetia illucens) is an insect that has high protein and can be used as a protein source for animal feed, but BSF contains chitin that can inhibits the process of nutrient utilization. This study aimed to evaluate the biological treatment of BSF prepupa phase to reduce chitin levels. This study used 18 days old BSF prepupae phase fed with kitchen waste. This study used a completely randomized design (RAL) with 4 treatment and 5 replications, namely P0 (BSF prepupa phase without treatment), P1 (P0 + fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum), P2 (P0 + fermented with Aspergillus oryzae) and P3 (P0 + fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus). The variables observed were the results of proximate analysis, Van Soest analysis, chitin yield, FTIR spectrum and degree of deacetylation (DD). The results of this study showed a decrease in crude fiber content (SK) 4.43%, ADF 3.89%, NDF 10.6% and an increase in crude protein (PK) 5.38%. The DD value of chitin P0 was 42.60% real higher (P<0.05) than the DD value at P1 (32.81%), P2 (26.03%) and P3 (28.45%) showed a decrease in chitin levels.
Keyword: black soldier fly, chitin, crude fiber, crude protein, degree of deacetylation

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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