Judul: Optimasi Penggunaan Tepung Komposit Jagung dan Ubi Jalar dalam Pembuatan Kukis
Abstrak: Corn and sweet potato have been known as local resources in Indonesia. Composite flour consisted of corn and sweet potato flour could be used to replace wheat flour in cookies production. The aim of this research was to obtain optimum formula and process parameters in cookies production using composite flour. Wheat flour could be totally replaced by composite flour which were made from 77.54% of corn flour and 22.46% of sweet potato flour. Optimum baking parameters were 139°C for 18 minutes. The organoleptic score of the cookies was between 5.89 (like slightly) and 7.18 (like moderately). Proximate analysis showed that cookies contained 4.55% of water, 1.65% of ash, 5.97% of protein, 64.40% of carbohydrate (by difference), and 23.43% of fat.
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Judul: Mempelajari Pembuatan Cookies Kaya Serat Dengan Bahan Dasar Tepung Asia Ubi Jalar
Abstrak: Tepung asia ubi jalar sebagai hasil samping ekstraksi pati, mengandung serat pangan yang cukup tinggi. Tepung ini dapat diaplikasikan dalam produk pangan, salah satunya adalah cookies. Cookies dipilih karena selain banyak disukai oleh masyarakat, juga karena produk ini tidak memerlukan pengembangan volume yang besar dari gluten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pembuatan cookies dengan bahan dasar tepung asia ubi jalar sehingga diperoleh cookies dengan kandungan serat pangan yang memenuhi syarat klaim pangan kaya serat dan memiliki kandungan lemak yang lebih rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua faktor perlakuan, yaitu jumlah kuning telur (16%, 14%, 12%) dan jumlah margarin (75%, 65%, 55%). Seluruh sampel cookies diuji secara fisik, berupa densitas kamba, rasio pengembangan, tekstur, dan struktur pori, serta dilakukan pula uji rating hedonik. Formula cookies terpilih dari hasil organoleptik kemudian dianalisis proksimat dan kandungan serat pangan, serta ditentukan nilai AKG-nya. Hasil analisis terhadap kandungan serat pangan tepung asia ubi jalar adalah sebesar 14.20%. Peningkatan jumlah kuning telur yang digunakan dalam formulasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap penurunan densitas kamba adonan serta densitas kamba cookies dan peningkatan rasio pengembangannya. Semakin tinggi jumlah margarin, maka densitas kamba adonan serta densitas kamba cookies menurun, rasio pengembangan meningkat, serta kekerasan dan kerapuhannya menurun. Selain itu, pori yang terbentuk pada cookies dengan lemak yang lebih tinggi memiliki struktur pori yang cenderung lebih halus, seragam dan tersebar merata dibandingkan dengan cookies dengan penggunaan lemak yang lebih rendah. Cookies dengan formula 12% kuning telur dan 55% margarin ditentukan sebagai formula terpilh berdasarkan uji organoleptik. Formula cookies ini memiliki kandungan serat pangan sebesar 6.46%. Selain itu, dalam 20 gram takaran saji, cookies memiliki kalori sebesar 101.25 kkal, protein 1% AKG, lemak 9% AKG, karbohidrat 4% AKG, dan serat pangan 5% AKG berdasarkan diet 2000 kkal
Keyword: Cookies, serat pangan, tepung asia ubi jalar

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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