Judul: Aplikasi Edible coating dari Pektin POD Coklat pada Penyimpanaan Buah Tomat Suhu Dingin dan Suhu Kamar
Abstrak: Produksi perkebunan wklat selama tahun 1993 - 1997 mengalami peningkatan dan menurut Direktorat Jendral Perkebunantahun 1997, produksi perkebunan coklat pada tahun 1997 telah mencapai 332.929 ton. Produksi wklat yang sedemikian besar tersebut menghasilkan limbah dalam jumlah yang besar pula. Limbah produksi coklat berupa pod wklat berkisar antara 73.-77 %. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya proses selanjutnya untuk memanfaatkan pod coklat tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan pektin dari pod wklat sebagai bahan edible coating pada penyimpanan buah tomat.
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Judul: Application of Carrageenan and Antimicrobial Edible Coating to Extend the Self Life of Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum)
Abstrak: Buah tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum) merupakan produk hortikultura yang memiliki banyak manfaat serta kaya akan vitamin, mineral, dan serat gizi. Tomat tergolong buah yang memiliki kadar air yang tinggi dan juga mudah terserang mikroorganisme perusak. Mikroorganisme perusak berupa kapang Alternaria penyebab penyakit bercak-bercak cokelat atau menghitam pada permukaan kulit tomat. Pemanfaatan edible coating karagenan dengan penambahan senyawa antimikroba diharapkan mampu menghambat perkembangan mikroorganisme dan memperpanjang umur simpan tomat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dan menentukan efektifitas pengaruh aplikasi edible coating berbahan dasar karagenan dengan penambahan senyawa antimikroba terhadap mutu buah tomat selama penyimpanan. Tahap penelitian terdiri dari persiapan sampel, pembuatan larutan coating, pengaplikasian coating, dan pengamatan selama 28 hari. Jenis karagenan yang digunakan ialah Kappa-karagenan dengan penambahan antimikroba berupa asam askorbat (C6H8O6) dan zink oksida (ZnO). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan coating dengan penambahan senyawa antimikroba berupa asam askorbat (KGA) dan zink oksida (KGZ) merupakan perlakuan terbaik yang mampu mempertahankan parameter respirasi, pH, aktivitas air (aw), susut bobot, kadar air, vitamin C, total padatan terlarut, total asam, kekerasan, dan intensitas warna pada hari ke-28. Hasil analisa total plate count (TPC) memiliki nilai yang sama pada hari ke-20 untuk perlakuan dengan penambahan antimikroba sebesar 3,4x105 koloni/g dengan ambang batas SNI sebesar 105 koloni/g dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa coating yang bertahan selama 12 hari., Tomato fruit (Lycopersicum esculentum) is a horticultural product that has many benefits and rich vitamins, minerals, and nutritional fiber. Tomatoes are classified as fruits that have high water content and are also susceptible to damaging microorganisms. Damaging microorganisms in the form of mold Alternaria cause disease, brown or blackened spots on the surface of tomato skin. The use of edible carrageenan coating with the addition of antimicrobial compounds is expected to inhibit the development of microorganisms and extend the shelf life of tomatoes. This study aims to examine and determine the effectiveness of the effect of edible coating application made from carrageenan with the addition of antimicrobial compounds on the quality of tomatoes during storage. The research phase consists of sample preparation, making coating solutions, applying coatings, and observing for 28 days. The type of carrageenan used is kappa-carrageenan with the addition of antimicrobials in the form of ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) and zinc oxide (ZnO). The results showed that coating treatment with the addition of antimicrobial compounds in the form of ascorbic acid (KGA) and zinc oxide (KGZ) is the best treatment that can maintain parameters of respiration, pH, water activity (aw), weight loss, water content, vitamin C, total dissolved solids, total acid, hardness, and color intensity on day 28. The results of total plate count (TPC) analysis had the same value on day 20 for treatment with the addition of antimicrobials of 3,4x105 colonies/g with an SNI threshold of 105 colonies/g compared to uncoated treatment that lasted for 12 days.
Keyword: asam askorbat, buah tomat, mikroorganisme, coating, zink oksida

Judul: Studi sistematika  Oreophryne Boettger, 1895Sulawesi (Anura: Microhylidae)
Abstrak: The cross frogs, genus Oreophryne Boettger, 1895 are most diverse in the mainland of New Guinea and adjacent islands, to the Wallacea region in the Moluccas, Sulawesi, and the Lesser Sunda Islands, even marginally to the Oriental region in Bali and to the southern Philippine Islands. In Sulawesi, this taxon consists of three species but has rarely been reported since their original descriptions and remained unstudied in both taxonomical work and molecular study. This research aims to evaluate the taxonomic status of the cross frogs in Sulawesi based on morphology and estimate the phylogenetic using the 16S rRNA gene. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed under Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses. We used the specimens of Sulawesian Oreophryne which were stored at the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB). A total of about 19 morphological characters were measured by a digital caliper and ocular micrometer to the nearest 0.01 mm. The phylogenetic tree shows that the three nominal species of Oreophryne from Sulawesi are clearly clustered. Correspondingly, the phylogenetic analysis supports the recognition of a new taxon, Oreophryne sp. However, the phylogenetic relationships between Oreophryne within Wallacea remain unresolved. Consequently, further systematic analysis along with additional sequences from the type locality is necessary to clarify the interspecific relationship among this region. We examined the morphology of 50 voucher specimens of Sulawesian Oreophryne. The validity of O. celebensis, O. variabilis, and O. zimmeri was confirmed in this study, but still the latter remains to be established. The three nominal species examined here were not collected from the type locality, so additional specimens, either in the type locality, new locations, or in other areas on this island are needed to evaluate the taxonomic status of these species deeply. Moreover, the unnamed species from the highland of the Mekongga mountains differ morphologically and genetically from all previously described Sulawesian Oreophryne. This distinct species will increase the number of cross frogs in Sulawesi to four species, all of which are endemic.
Keyword: frog, morphology, Oreophryne, phylogenetic, Sulawesi, systematics