Judul: Expression of Aquaporin Genes in Sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq) Resistant and Affected by Boktor Pests Based on  Real-Time PCR
Abstrak: Sengon (F. moluccana) merupakan spesies tanaman cepat tumbuh (fast growing) dan memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Salah satu permasalahan yang terjadi pada penanaman sengon monokultur adalah timbulnya serangan hama boktor (Xystrocera festiva). Secara alami tanaman sengon memiliki gen ketahanan terhadap serangan hama boktor, salah satunya adalah aquaporin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengukur tingkat ekspresi gen aquaporin pada kambium pohon sengon resistan dan terserang hama boktor secara kuantitatif dengan teknik real-time PCR. Prosedur penelitian ini meliputi isolasi RNA total, sintesis cDNA, perancangan primer spesifik gen aquaporin dan aktin, optimasi eskpresi gen dengan real-time PCR, dan dianalisis menggunakan metode Comparative CT method (2 -ΔΔC T). Hasil kuantifikasi menunjukkan tingkat ekspresi gen aquaporin pada ketiga sampel sengon resistan yaitu sebesar 573,05; 2,62; dan 177,99 sedangkan sengon terserang boktor sebesar 8,04; 3,76; dan 4,67. Secara garis besar, ekspresi gen aquaporin pada sengon resistan lebih tinggi dibandingkan sengon terserang hama boktor, kecuali pada sampel 2., Sengon (F. moluccana) is a fast-growing plant species with high economic value. One problem in monoculture sengon planting is the emergence of boktor pests (Xystrocera festiva). Naturally, sengon plants have genes for resistance to boktor pests, one of which is aquaporin. This study aimed to measure the level of aquaporin gene expression in the cambium of resistant and attacked boktor pests quantitatively using the Real-time PCR technique. The research procedures included total RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, design of specific primers for aquaporin and actin genes, optimization of gene expression with real-time PCR, and analysis using the Comparative CT method (2 -ΔΔC T). The quantification results showed the expression levels of the aquaporin gene in the three samples of resistant sengon were 573,05; 2,62; and 177,99, while sengon attacked by boktor were 8,04; 3,76; and 4,67. In general, expression of the aquaporin gene in resistant sengon was higher than that of sengon attacked by boktor, except for sample 2.
Keyword: actin, aquaporin, Falcataria mollucana, real-time PCR

Judul: Ekspresi Gen HSP 70 pada Sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) Resisten dan Terserang Hama Boktor
Abstrak: Pohon sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) merupakan salah satu pohon serba guna yang ada di Indonesia. Keberhasilan pembangunan hutan tanaman sengon dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor pembatas pertumbuhan, salah satunya adalah ketahanan terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit tanaman. Jenis hama yang paling umum diketahui adalah serangan hama penggerek batang (Xystrocera festiva Thombs.) atau sering dikenal sebagai boktor atau uter-uter. Secara alami tanaman sengon memiliki gen ketahanan terhadap serangan hama boktor, salah satunya yaitu gen Heat shock cognate 70 kDA protein (HSP 70). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji tingkat ekspresi gen HSP 70 secara kuantitatif terhadap kambium pohon sengon resisten dan sengon terserang hama boktor melalui teknik Real Time PCR. Nilai referensi yang dipilih berupa level ekspresi housekeeping gene menggunakan gen Actin 1 dan gen target menggunakan gen HSP 70, melalui perhitungan ΔCt = Cttarget gene – Cthousekeeping gene. Hasil menunjukkan gen HSP 70 lebih besar terekspresi pada sampel resisten dibandingkan dengan sampel terserang boktor., Sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) is one of the most multipurpose trees in Indonesia. The success of sengon plantation forest development can be influenced by several growth limiting factors, one of these is resistance against pest and disease. The most common type of pest known is stalk borer (Xystrocera festiva Thombs.) or often known as boktor or uter-uter. Naturally, sengon plants have genes for resistance to boktor, one of them is the Heat shock cognate 70kDA Protein (HSP 70) gene. The study aims to test the expression of a gene HSP 70 in a quantitative manner against the cambium trees resistance and sengon attacked by boktor through Real Time PCR technique. The reference level selected housekeeping gene expression in the form of using genes Actin 1 and gene HSP 70 is used, trought calculation ΔCt = Cttarget gene – Cthousekeeping gene. Results showing that genes of HSP 70 greater expression in samples of resistance than infested by boktor.
Keyword: comparative CT method, Falcataria moluccana, HSP 70

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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