Judul: Evaluasi Efektivitas Pembayaran Jasa Lingkungan Antara Kota Cirebon Dan Kabupaten Kuningan
Abstrak: Ecosystem conservation of watershed on the upstream area is a critical requirement in a continuous water management. This effort has to be supported not only by people that live at the upstream area as the „owner‟ of the catchment area but also by people at the downstream area as the „user‟. Therefore a comprehensive water management endeavor between the „owner‟ and the „user‟ is needed, through a payment of environmental services mechanism. This mechanism has been applied in West Java Province, specifically in Ciremai Mountain area – between Kuningan as the owner of the Paniis watershed and Cirebon as the user. Within the course of payment of environmental services, Kuningan and Cirebon keep identifying an accurate formula to manage the watershed area. Such circumstances place government in a consideration, whether the payment of environmental services program is effective in conserving Paniis watershed as the source of water of people in the city of Cirebon. It is critical to evaluate the effectiveness of payment of environmental services program in Paniis watershed, Ciremai Mountain to address the above question. Four main analyses have been employed to address that main question: (1) Cost and benefit analysis, (3) Willingness to pay analysis, and (4) Multinomial logit analysis. Results of the cost and benefit analysis of the payment of environmental services from 2003 - 2011 indicate that direct costs and direct benefits for Cirebon PDAM had been declining. These results conclude that the payment of environmental services of Cirebon PDAM is not effective to increase the production capacity of the institution. Results of willingness to pay analysis indicate that water users (costumers) have willingness to pay the environmental services of Rp.72/m 3. Based on the payment retrieval analysis: 49% of the respondents choose the payment through the monthly billing method, which is paid through the PDAM account.
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Judul: Penifaian Jasa Lingkungan Air Minum dan Penentuen Prioriias Bantuan Perbaikan Lingkungan (Studi Kasus DAS Citarum, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Willingness of community at Citarum watershed to partidpate in improving environmental quality as an effort to reduce impact of dimate change was assessed based on their willingness to pay to environmentd sewices provided by upper watershed communities. Identification of activities that would reduce the involvement of upstream communities to do deforestation and assessment, of vulnerability of downstream communities to climate change was carried out through survey to. household. The illingness to pay was analyzed using Contingent Valuation Methd (CVM) and priority pwmm was analyzed using Analytical Hierarki Process (AHP). Based on CVM analysis it was indicated that the level of willingness of downstream communities to pay the compensation for the environmental sewices (0.g. drinking water) provided by upstream communities depended on their perception and understanding about the important of maintaining forest cover at the upper Citafum watershed and availability of drinking water. If the downstream communities living in the uhan areas often exposed to clean water scarcity problem during dry-season, their willingness to pay for the compensation tended to inmase. Further analysis found that the main factors that motivate mmuniiy to do deforestation at Upper Cirum watershed were to seek new land for agricutture activities and to increase their income. Majority of communities wanted to stop destructing the forest if they have alternative jobs for income generation.
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Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
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