Judul: Oxygenated Water Consumption Influenced
Proinflammatory Cytokines and Total Antioxidant Capacity on COPD Patients
Abstrak: Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) merupakan salah satu penyakit penyebab kematian terbesar di dunia dan telah menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Minuman beroksigen adalah air yang ditambahkan dengan oksigen dengan konsentrasi tinggi sehingga konsentrasi oksigen yang terkandung di dalamnya dapat mencapai 16- 18 kali dari air biasa. Studi mengenai manfaat konsumsi minuman beroksigen sudah banyak dilakukan. Namun sampai saat ini belum ada studi yang meneliti manfaat konsumsi minuman beroksigen pada penderita PPOK. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh dari konsumsi minuman beroksigen terhadap perubahan kadar sitokin proinflamasi (TNF-α, IL-1β, dan IL-6) dan kapasitas antioksidan total pada penderita PPOK. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 5 tahap kegiatan, yaitu pengajuan persetujuan etik (ethical approval), seleksi responden, intervensi responden, pengambilan darah, dan analisis biokimia darah. Seluruh responden yang berjumlah 16 orang merupakan pasien klinik dr. Katili, Dramaga yang didiagnosis PPOK. Pada tahap intervensi, seluruh responden diberikan minuman beroksigen dengan konsentrasi 100 ppm yang diberikan 2 kali sehari (pagi dan sore hari), masing-masing sebanyak 385 ml selama 21 hari dan pada hari ke-1, 4, 7, 14, dan 21 intervensi dilakukan wawancara mengenai makanan yang dikonsumsi, perubahan kesehatan, dan respon terhadap minuman beroksigen dengan panduan kuesioner. Pengambilan darah untuk analisis plasma dilakukan sebelum dan setelah periode intervensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan umumnya kadar sitokin proinflamasi (TNF-α, IL- 1β, dan IL-6) pada plasma mengalami penurunan yang signifikan (P < 0,05) setelah dilakukan intervensi selama 21 hari. Sebanyak 81,25 % responden mengalami penurunan kadar TNF-α pada plasma, sebesar 75 % responden mengalami penurunan kadar IL-1β pada plasma, dan sebesar 62,5 % responden mengalami penurunan kadar IL-6 pada plasma. Sedangkan setelah intervensi selama 21 hari, terdapat beberapa responden (43,75 %) yang mengalami penurunan kapasitas antioksidan total, namun penurunan ini tidak signifikan berdasarkan uji statistik (P > 0,05). Penurunan tersebut diduga disebabkan oleh pola makan yang buruk dan konsumsi obat-obatan selama periode intervensi. Tingkat keparahan PPOK dinilai berdasarkan nilai VEP1/ VEP1 prediksi (%) yang diperoleh pada uji spirometri. Sebanyak 56,25 % responden termasuk ke dalam kategori tingkat keparahan sedang. Sedangkan untuk tingkat keparahan ringan dan berat masingmasing 18,75 % dan 12,50 %. Selain itu terdapat 12,50 % responden yang tergolong ke dalam kriteria normal. Jika dikaitkan antara tingkat keparahan PPOK dengan parameter TNF-α, IL-1β, dan IL-6, konsumsi minuman beroksigen berpotensi menurunkan kadar TNF-α, IL-1β, dan IL-6 baik pada responden dengan tingkat keparahan PPOK normal, ringan, sedang, dan berat. Namun jika dikaitkan dengan kadar kapasitas antioksidan total, maka sebagian responden mengalami penurunan kadarnya. Oleh sebab itu perlu dikaji lebih lanjut, apakah penurunan tersebut disebabkan oleh minuman beroksigen atau faktor lainnya.
Keyword: COPD, oxygenated water, proinflammatory cytokines, total antioxidant capacity

Judul: Analisis Pengaruh Minuman Beroksigen terhadap Komponen Darah dan Kimia Klinik (Studi Kasus : Penderita Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis di Klinik Katili Bogor)
Abstrak: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the fourth largest cause of death in the world. COPD is characterized by constriction of airway, thus the flow of oxygen from the lungs is reduced. Lack of oxygen in the body can be fulfilled by consuming oxygenated water. In this study, 10 patients with COPD serve as respondents were given an oxygenated water with a concentration of 100 mg/L, two times a day, each 385 ml for 21 days. The influence of oxygenated water was observed through 13 variables of blood components and clinical chemistry. Hotelling's T2 test on the bootstrap resampling data indicates oxygenated water can increase Hemoglobin, Erythrocytes, Hematocrit and decrease Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase, Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, Blood Sugar. It shows that oxygenated water is beneficial for patients with COPD and does not cause oxidative stress.
Keyword: oxygen, hotelling's T2 test, COPD, bootstrap resampling

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm