Judul: The Use of Social Remittances in The Development of Household Livelihood Strategies for Women Migrant Returnee Household in Prajegan Villange, East Java
Abstrak: Hilangnya remitansi ekonomi membuat rumah tangga melakukan penyesuaian strategi nafkah pasca migrasi dengan memanfaatkan remitansi sosial. Remitansi sosial berupa pengetahuan, gagasan dan keterampilan yang diperoleh saat bermigrasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pemanfaatan remitansi sosial dalam pengembangan strategi nafkah pada rumah tangga purna migran di Desa Prajegan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung dengan data kualitatif. Responden berjumlah 30 yang terdiri dari 15 purna migran ART perawat anak dan 15 purna migran Asisten Rumah Tangga (ART) perawat lansia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara jenis pekerjaan dengan tingkat remitansi sosial. ART yang bekerja perawat anak memiliki tingkat remitansi sosial lebih tinggi. Faktor yang memengaruhi yaitu penempatan, aktivitas pekerjaan, dan tempat tinggal majikan. Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara remitansi sosial dengan tingkat ragam strategi nafkah. Hal tersebut dikarenakan remitansi sosial belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk membantu keberlanjutan nafkah rumah tangga setelah migrasi., Return migration has raised issues such as the loss of economic remittances, leading households to adjust their post-migration livelihood strategies through the use of social remittances. Social remittances include knowledge, ideas and skills acquired during migration. The purpose of this research is to analyze the use of social remittances in the development of household livelihood strategies in the village of Prajegan. This study uses quantitative approach supported by qualitative data. The respondents consist of 30 domestic workers, consist of 15 female migrant domestic workers caring for children and 15 female migrant domestic workers caring for elderly. The findings show a significant relationship between types of employment and levels of social remittances. Domestic workers caring for children have higher levels of social remittances. Factors influencing this include placement, work activities, and place of residence. However, there is no significant relationship between social remittances and the diversity level of livelihood strategies. This is due to the suboptimal use of social remittances in supporting household livelihood sustainability after migration.
Keyword: Returnees migrants, social remittances, post-migration livelihood strategies

Judul: Livelihood Strategies and The Welfare’s Level of Female Former Migrant Household (Case: Kebonpedes Village, Kebonpedes Sub-District, Sukabumi District)
Abstrak: Pasca kepulangan PMI (Pekerja Migran Indonesia) Perempuan, mereka akan menghadapi tantangan finansial yang mengganggu kesejahteraan rumah tangga. Penelitian berlokasi di Desa Kebonpedes, Kabupaten Sukabumi yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan alokasi pemanfaatan remitan dengan strategi nafkah menggunakan karakteristik PMI. Serta untuk menganalisis pengaruh strategi nafkah terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga purna PMI. Hasil uji korelasi Rank Spearman menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan remitan mayoritas digunakan untuk kegiatan konsumsi rumah tangga, oleh karena itu pemanfaatan pada kegiatan investasi dan produktif masih sangat minim. Adapun hubungan karakteristik PMI dengan strategi nafkah tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan karena tujuan utama PMI bermigrasi yaitu untuk pemenuhan kehidupan sehari-hari. Dengan demikian, hasil uji regresi tidak menunjukkan adanya pengaruh antara strategi nafkah terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga purna pekerja migran perempuan., After the return of female migrant workers (PMI), they will face financial challenges that disrupt household welfare. The study is located in Kebonpedes Village, Sukabumi District and aims to analyze the relationship between remittance utilization allocation and livelihood strategies using PMI characteristics. And to analyze the effect of livelihood strategies on the welfare level of former PMI households. The results of the Rank Spearman correlation test show that the majority of remittance utilization is used for household consumption activities, therefore the utilization in investment and productive activities is minimum. The relationship between PMI characteristics and livelihood strategies doesn’t show a significant relationship because the main purpose of PMI migrating is to fulfill their daily needs. Thus, the regression test results do not show any influence between the livelihood strategy and the household welfare level of former female migrant workers.
Keyword: alocation of remittance, livelihood strategies, welfare, female former migrant

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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