Judul: Pemanfaatan limbah kaleng sebagai bahan dasar koagulan berbasis aluminium
Abstrak: Wastes of canned drink were found abundantly in the environment. Utilization of this waste can increase the value of the waste. This type of can has been tested previously and showed the aluminum contents of 1.41–16.04%. The aluminium content indicates its potential to be used as raw material for aluminum-based coagulant. The synthesis method used for producing coagulant was partial hydrolysis using HCl 33% with various polymerization times of 24 and 48 hours and components of 5 and 10%, giving 4 kinds of synthetic coagulant. The synthetic coagulants characterized based on SNI 06-3822-1995 showed that the results did not meet the requirements of SNI-quality. The peaks of infrared absorption on the synthetic coagulants were 3518.16, 1631.78, and 1168.86 cm-1 and almost resemble the commercial polyaluminium chloride which are 3452.58, 1627.92, and 3070.68 cm-1. Performance test of the coagulant on some textile industry wastewater had been tested at pH 6, 7, 8, and 9. The most effective performance from each coagulant was shown at pH 9. Coagulation of the waste cans made by partial hydrolysis method using HCl was able to reduce turbidity of more than 95%.
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Judul: Efektivitas Campuran Poli(Aluminium Klorida) (PAC) dan Aluminium Sulfat (Tawas) sebagai Koagulan dalam Pengolahan Air Bersih
Abstrak: Poly(aluminum chloride) (PAC) and aluminum sulfate (alum) are commonly used coagulants for water treatment. This study aimed to determine the effective coagulant dose of PAC and alum mixture Cisadane river water treatment. Coagulant mixture ratio used were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 with low and high levels of water turbidity. In addition to turbidity, effectiveness in decreasing the Fe, Mn, and organic substances contents were also studied. PAC was more effective in decreasing the levels of turbidity (88.29%), Fe (76.03%), Mn (75.57%), and organic substances contents (41.74%) compared to the other coagulant mixtures. In terms of cost, 75:25 ratio of PAC-alum coagulant mixture was more efficient under condition of high turbidity level.
Keyword: alum, aluminum sulfate, poly(aluminum chloride), PAC, turbidity

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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