Judul: Performa Ayam Ras Petelur pada Kandang Cage dan Litter.
Abstrak: One of the main tools that have to be considered for an intensive and efficient laying hens maintenance was cage aspect. The purpose of this research was to see the effect of cage treatment and the unit cost analysis of laying hens. The observed parameters were feed consumption, egg weight, feed ratio convertion, hen day production, egg exterior quality, and unit cost. The research was done by complete randomized design with two cage treatment and 6 replication that containing 16 (cage) and 25 (litter) laying hens each. The data was analized with Statistical Package for the Sosial Science (SPSS) programs by independent sample T-test. The result showed that the cage treatment has significantly differencies foward feed consumption, feed ratio convertion and eeg cleanliness with dirty level below 25%. The significantly differencies in egg weight and hen day have been showed in the first 2 and 3 observation weeks. The best unit cost was the laying hens mainternance in cage system.
Keyword: unit cost, litter, laying hens, hen day, cage

Judul: Foot Pad Lesion, Breast Blister dan Performa Produksi Ayam Petelur pada Sistem Perkandangan Litter dan Cage
Abstrak: Housing management is one factor that influence the incident of foot pad lesion and breast blister. Foot Pad Lesion (FPL) and Breast Blister (BB) are inflamation of the subcutant tissue on the region foot pad and breast of the chicken caused by intensive rubbing between skin and house floor. This study was designed to evaluate litter and cage system on the incident of FPL, BB, and performance of laying hens. This research used closed housed with temperature range of 18 until 22 oC. A total of 18 hens are reared on bamboo cage and 18 hens on rice husk litter. A number of 9 samples were taken from each housing system to evaluate the score of FPL and BB, egg production, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. The t-Test was applied to compare the all trait between litter and cage. The result of the experiment showed that the incident level of FPL and BB on hens reared in litter and cage did not significantly different (P>0.05). Increasing incident of FPL in cage was higher than litter (100% vs 33.33%) at fourth week, but overall FPL at both of housing systems increase from first week until fourth week. In addition, egg production, feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not different.
Keyword: litter, foot pad lesion (FPL), cage, breast blister (BB)

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite