Judul: Determinants of Happiness Index: Interprovincial Panel Data Analysis 2014, 2017, and 2021
Abstrak: Pembangunan ekonomi dirancang untuk memajukan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kemajuan pembangunan yang diukur berdasarkan indikator ekonomi dianggap belum cukup untuk merepresentasikan tingkat kesejahteraan. Tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat yang sesungguhnya dapat digambarkan oleh indeks kebahagiaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menggambarkan perkembangan indeks kebahagiaan Indonesia serta menganalisis faktor-faktor penentu indeks kebahagiaan periode 2014, 2017 dan 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk memberikan gambaran perkembangan indeks kebahagiaan di Indonesia, dan analisis regresi data panel untuk mengetahui determinan indeks kebahagiaan di Indonesia. Hasil regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengangguran, tingkat kemiskinan, serta pandemi Covid-19 memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap indeks kebahagiaan. Sementara kesehatan dan pendidikan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap indeks kebahagiaan. Sedangkan untuk PDRB per kapita tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap indeks kebahagiaan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan adanya fenomena “Easterlin paradox” di Indonesia pada masa pandemi Covid-19., Economic development is designed in advance for people's welfare. Development progress measured by economic indicators is considered insufficient to represent the level of welfare. The happiness index can describe the actual level of community welfare. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of the Indonesian happiness index and to analyze the determinants of the happiness index for the period 2014, 2017, and 2021. Therefore, this study uses a descriptive method to provide an overview of the development of the happiness index in Indonesia and panel data regression analysis to determine the determinants of the happiness index in Indonesia. The results of panel data regression showed that the condition of the house and assets had a significant and positive effect on the happiness index. On the other hand, Covid-19 has a significant and negative effect on the happiness index. Keywords: Covid-19, Happiness Index, Economic development
Keyword: Covid-19, Indeks Kebahagiaan, Pembangunan Ekonomi

Judul: Driving Factors and Cluster Analysis of Happiness in Indonesia
Abstrak: Kesejahteraan merupakan salah satu tujuan pembangunan negara. Pengukuran keberhasilan pembangunan negara seringnya menggunakan ukuran moneter, seperti produk domestik bruto (PDB). Akan tetapi, PDB berpotensi mengabaikan aspek yang berkontribusi pada kualitas hidup dan kebahagiaan seseorang. Tesis ini berfokus untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor pendorong kebahagiaan di Indonesia dan mengkategorikan provinsi-provinsi tersebut ke dalam kategori-kategori yang memiliki karakteristik serupa agar kebijakan dapat lebih tepat sasaran dan efisien. Indeks kebahagiaan Indonesia yang dihasilkan dari survei kebahagiaan tahun 2021 dianalisis menggunakan metode statistic regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koefisien Gini berpengaruh negatif terhadap kebahagiaan, dan PDB per kapita memiliki pengaruh positif. Tesis ini selanjutnya mengkategorikan 34 provinsi di Indonesia ke dalam 3 kategori tingkat tinggi, rendah, dan sedang dari nilai masing-masing indikator. Dari hasil tersebut, pemerintah dapat memfokuskan kebijakan terkait ketimpangan antar daerah dan PDB per kapita, berdasarkan karakteristik setiap kluster., Welfare is one of the goals of state development. Measuring the success of a country's development often uses monetary measures, such as gross domestic product (GDP). However, GDP tends to ignore aspects that contribute to a person's quality of life and happiness. This thesis focuses on examining the factors driving happiness in Indonesia and categorizing the provinces into categories that have similar characteristics so that policies can be more targeted and efficient. The Indonesian happiness index resulting from the 2021 happiness survey was analyzed using the multiple linear regression statistical method. The results show that the Gini coefficient has a negative effect on happiness, and GDP per capita has a positive effect. This thesis further categorizes 34 provinces in Indonesia into 3 categories of high, low, and medium levels of the value of each indicator. From these results, the government can focus policies related to inequality between regions and GDP per capita, based on the characteristics of each cluster.
Keyword: happiness, cluster analysis, subjective well-being, Gini coefficient

Judul: Morfologi Organ Reproduksi Betina Walet Linchi (Collocalia linchi)
Abstrak: This research is aimed to describe the morphology of the female reproductive organs of the cave swiftlets (C. linchi ) macroscopic and microscopically. Four female reproduction organs were used in this study. Microscopic observation was done using Hematoxilin – eosin (HE), alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5 and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining methods. The reproductive organs were consisted of ovarium and oviduct. The oviduct has five parts: infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina. The mucosa of oviduct has mucosal folds and lined with columnar ciliated epithelial cells. Glandular glands were found in the lamina propria of oviduct, except in the vagina. The thick muscle of sphincter uterovagina was found in the border between uterus and vagina. Using AB-PAS staining methods, it was detected that oviduct contained neutral and acid carbohydrate, especially in the secrete glands of oviduct.
Keyword: oviduct., ovarium, Collocalia linchi