Judul: Reef and Benthic Fish Communities in the Coral Reef Ecosystem of Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands
Abstrak: Komunitas ikan terumbu karang di Pulau Pramuka memanfaatkan habitat bentik sebagai tempat tinggal dan mencari makan. Keberagaman jenis ikan memungkinkan interaksi dengan berbagai bentuk komunitas bentik yang mendukung sifat ekologisnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji keterkaitan antara keberadaan ikan karang berdasarkan famili dengan komposisi komunitas bentik yang berada di Pulau Pramuka. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode Line Intersect Transect untuk mengambil sampel komunitas bentik dan Underwater Visual Census untuk mengambil sampel komunitas ikan. Metode analisis koresponden juga digunakan untuk mencari hubungan antara kedua komunitas. Delapan kategori komunitas bentik ditemukan, dengan persentase tutupan tertinggi dimiliki oleh HC (7-75%). Ditemukan 9 lifeform HC, dengan persetase tutupan tertinggi dimiliki oleh CM (11-39%) dan CF (8-33%). Kelimpahan ikan karang ditemukan sebanyak 1057 individu yang terdiri dari 62 spesies dan 34 genus ikan. Kelompok trofik serta fungsional group ikan yang memiliki kelimpahan terbesar dari famili ikan omnivora dan ikan mayor. Hasil analisis koresponden (CA) memberikan informasi sebesar 100%. Pengelompokan menunjukan hubungan antara karang keras dan karang lunak dengan ikan mayor, ikan herbivora, dan ikan planktivora, serta bentuk abiotik dengan ikan karnovira dan ikan dari famili Gobiidae., The coral reef fish community on Pramuka Island uses benthic habitat as a place to live and find food. The diversity of fish species allows interactions with various forms of benthic communities that support their ecological properties. The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between the presence of coral fish based on family and the composition of the benthic community on Pramuka Island. Line Intersect Transect methods are used to take Benthic data while Underwater Visual Census methods is for fish identification. The other is corresponden analysis methods for determine the relations between two communities Eight categories of benthic communities were found, with the highest percentage of cover belonging to HC (7-75%). Nine HC lifeforms were found, with the highest percentage of cover belonging to CM (11-39%) and CF (8-33%). The abundance of coral fish was found to be 1057 individuals consisting of 62 species and 34 genera of fish. The trophic and functional groups of fish that have the greatest abundance are from the omnivorous and major fish families. The results of correspondence analysis (CA) provide 100% information. The grouping shows the relationship between hard corals and soft corals with major fish, herbivorous fish and planktivorous fish, as well as abiotic forms with carnivoral fish and fish from the Gobiidae family.
Keyword: ikan Terumbu, bentik, terumbu karang, komunitas

Judul: Linkage Between Reef Fish with Benthic Cover Community at Tunda Island Waters, Banten Bay
Abstrak: Ekosistem terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem yang kompleks yang berperan penting sebagai habitat untuk ikan-ikan kecil, serta sumber mata pencaharian bagi masyarakat pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil. Ikan terumbu adalah salah satu biota yang hidup di ekosistem terumbu karang dan sangat bergantung pada kondisi terumbu karang. Berdasarkan Perda Kabupaten Serang No. 2 Tahun 2013 tentang Rencana Zonasi Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil (RZWP3K) Pulau Tunda termasuk dalam pulau yang menjadi bagian dari program pengembangan wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji struktur komunitas ikan terumbu dan kelimpahannya serta keterkaitan ikan terumbu dengan pertumbuhan karang keras di perairan Pulau Tunda, Teluk Banten. Pengambilan data ikan dilakukan dengan metode Underwater Visual Cencus dan pengambilan data terumbu karang menggunakan metode Underwater Photo Transect. Ditemukan sebanyak 13 bentuk pertumbuhan karang keras. Ditemukan total 20 famili, 41 genus, dan 91 spesies dengan total kelimpahan ikan sebesar 124,583±98,25 ind/250m2 individu ikan. Ditemukan total lima trofik ikan yaitu planktivora, omnivora, koralivora, karnivora, dan herbivora. Analisis koresponden (CA) menunjukkan informasi sebesar 61,4 % pada dim 1 dan 24,52% pada dim 2. Ditemukan keterkaitan antara famili ikan karang dengan bentuk pertumbuhan karang keras antara lain famili ikan kecil seperti Pomacentridae, Apogonidae, Holocentridae, Bleenidae, Pinguipedidae, Chaetodontidae, Zanclidae, Pomacanthidae, dan Labridae memiliki keterkaitan dengan karang dengan bentuk pertumbuhan bercabang, Muraenidae memiliki keterkaitan dengan bentuk komunitas bentik yang memiliki celah pada terumbu, serta ikan herbivora dan perenang cepat seperti Acanthuridae dan Scaridae berkaitan dengan bentuk pertumbuhan karang bongkahan besar., Coral reef ecosystem is a complex ecosystem that play an important role as habitat for juvenile fish, also as source of livelihood for coastal and archipelago people. Reef fish is one of biota that live in coral reef ecosystem and also really depend on coral reef condition. Based on Regional Law of Serang Regency No. 2 Year 2013 of Zoning Plan for Coastal Areas and Small Islands (RZWP3K), Tunda island include as island that be a part of tourism development program. The purpose of this study is to study the community structure of reef fish and its abundance also the linkage between reef fish and hardcoral lifeform at Tunda Islands water, Banten strait. Reef fish data retrievel used Underwater Visual Cencus method and coral reef data retrieval used Underwater Photo Transect. 13 hard coral were found. Found total 20 family, 41 genus, and 91 species with average total abundance 124,583±98,25 ind/250m2 individual fish. Found total five trophic level of fish such as planktivore, omnivore, coralivore, carnivore, and herbivore. Correspondent Analysis (CA) result provide information about 61,4% at dim 1 and 24,52% at dim 2. Found linkage between reef fish family with coral reef lifeform such as small fish family such as Pomacentridae, Apogonidae, Holocentridae, Bleenidae, Pinguipedidae, Chaetodontidae, Zancliidae, Pomacanthidae, and Labridae have linkage with branching coral lifeform, Muraenidae have linkage with benthic community that have gap in the reef area, and herbivore and fast swimmer fish such as Acanthuridae and Scaridae have have ingkage with boulder lifeform
Keyword: Ekosistem, Kelimpahan, Tutupan

Judul: Effect of Spray Drying Conditions on Physical and Chemical Properties of Dried Green Tea Extract (Camellia sinensis var. Oolong No 12).
Abstrak: The effect of spray drying conditions on physical and chemical dried green tea (Camellia sinensis var. Oolong No 12) extract were observed. Tea extract was prepared from milled dried tea, dissolved in hot water at temperature 90°C and ratio of dried tea to water 1: 20 (w / v). The time of extraction used was 60 minutes, and pH value was 5.0. Then, tea extract was concentrated with ice maker machine until reached 3, 6 and 9% of total solid, and dried with spray drier with condition inlet air temperatures were 180, 200, 220°C, outlet air temperatures was controlled 75°C, blower speed was adjusted in 2500 rpm. The physical analysis, such as bulk density, color, solubility, hygroscopicity, and the chemical analysis, such as moisture content, total polyphenols content, antioxidant activity (DPPH assay), catechins, and caffeine content were determined. Results showed that different solid concentration of 3, 6, 9% in feed and inlet air temperatures of 180, 200, and 220˚C affected the variation of physical and chemical properties of green tea powder. An increase inlet air temperature, resulted in a significant decrease (p<0.05) in bulk density, hygroscopicity, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity. An increase of solid concentration in feed gave an increase in tea powder solubility, L, a, b value, and antioxidant activity. However, the total polyphenols contents were not affected by the increase. The condition of feed concentrated to 3% and inlet temperature at 220˚C was evaluated with the highest of physical, chemical results and the highest of kg water removal/hour by spray dryer.
Keyword: Green tea, tea powder, freeze concentration, spray dryer