Judul: Strategy to Develop Areca Nut Downstream Products in Aceh Province
Abstrak: This study explored the potentials of areca nut downstream products to be developed in Aceh province. Areca nut industry is potential to be developed in Aceh due to the number of benefits from the nuts, by-products, and the great production of areca nut. The development of areca nut industry will prosper the people who rely on farming as the main livelihood. This research also providing alternatives strategies for development the high value-added products of areca nut industry in Aceh. This research was used in-depth interview and study literature to find the potential products and the most suitable strategy for the development areca nut agroindustry. Gap analysis and benefit effort analysis were used to determine the most favourable strategy to be applied in Aceh Province. Meanwhile, value add formulation and analysis were used to measure the added value of processed products. The results of value addition analysis revealed tannin and natural dye as the most potential products to be developed in Aceh. By transforming one kilogram areca nut into tannin and natural dye will add value Rp 127.000 and Rp 140.000, respectively. Moreover, the development of areca nut downstream products in Aceh is feasible and may prosper of all areca nut stakeholders due to the increasing of awareness on sustainable environment and highly concern on healthy lifestyles. Based on gap analysis, there are four crucial problems in areca nut agroindustry, namely cultivation, process, market, innovation and entrepreneurship. The strategies that derived from each category can be complementary to each other to attain a high value-added agricultural product. Based on the expert judgment, procuring the superior quality of areca nut’s seed will enhance the cultivation of areca nut. On the other hand, the experts concur that the processing issues could be handled by providing appropriate technology-drying equipment to the farmers. In addition, in the market category, the experts agree that the community and all stakeholders lack knowledge about areca nut downstream products. Afterward, innovation and entrepreneurship are the ultimate criteria for the development of the downstream products of areca nut, which is related to human resources. In this case, the training for honing entrepreneurial skills has been assessed as the most decisive strategy. The series of strategies will be recommended to the government and hopefully could be applied in Aceh to develop Areca nut downstream products. This strategy is expected to enhance cooperation between stakeholders to support the development of high value-added areca nut products in Aceh. Furthermore, the entrepreneur might seize the opportunity of new business by developing areca nut products, while government can take this research as the basis of policy making., Pinang merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memiliki potensi besar untuk dikembangkan di Provinsi Aceh. Pengembangan industri pinang akan mensejahterakan masyarakat yang mengandalkan perkebunan sebagai sumber mata pencaharian utama. Penelitian ini memberikan alternatif strategi untuk pengembangan produk turunan pinang yang memiliki nilai tambah tinggi di Aceh. Data untuk menemukan produk yang paling potensial untuk dikembangkan diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan narasumber dan kajian literature. Formulasi strategi pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Gap Analisis dan untuk memilih strategi yang paling sesuai menggunakan
Keyword: Agroindustry, Areca nut, Strategy, Value addition

Judul: Marketing Analysis and The Value-Added of Nutmeg in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency
Abstrak: Nutmeg is a multipurpose plant that can sell not only in nutmeg but also in the form of wet nutmeg seeds, dried nutmeg seeds and mace (nutmeg), and their derivative products (diversification). Nutmeg, which is known as an Indonesian spice, has high economic value and has excellent potential for export activities in the world market. Indonesia is the largest exporting country with an export value of US$ 25.7 million in 2020 and can supply 60% - 70% market share of national nutmeg production. One of the production areas for nutmeg centres is Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency, Aceh Province. In the marketing activities of nutmeg in Tapak Tuan District, the nutmeg marketing system has not been fully effective and efficient. The problem that stands out is that the price received by farmers has a gap with the price paid by retailers/exporters/food/beverage processing industries. Another problem is that sellers tend to sell their nutmeg products in the form of fruit/wet nutmeg seeds/dried nutmeg seeds and mace. Nutmeg that has been processed into derivative products has the advantage of overselling it in raw materials. Processing activities (added value) can be one way to reduce losses, create new products, and increase people's incomes in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency. This study aims to analyze the nutmeg marketing system in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency, and analyze the added value of processed nutmeg products in the home industry in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency. The types and sources of data in this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from interviews with respondents using a questionnaire. Secondary data were obtained from various literature and references from previous research, scientific journals, the South Aceh District Agriculture Service, and others. The sampling method for farmers was the purposive sampling of as many as 35 people. At the same time, the sample of traders was obtained by snowball sampling as many as 25 people. This study aims to analyze the nutmeg marketing system in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency, and analyze the added value of processed nutmeg products in the home industry of Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency. The method used is to look at the market structure, see the marketing channels that are passed, see the implementation of marketing functions, and calculate the percentage value of marketing margin, farmer's share percentage value, R/C ratio as for the added value analysis using the Hayami method. The research results show that the nutmeg marketing system in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency is relatively efficient. It is seen from the calculation of efficiency indicators and seen in the market structure. Marketing channels traversed by farmers and marketing agencies. And the implementation of marketing functions such as exchange functions, physical functions, and facilities functions carried out by respondents in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency. In the analysis of the added value of processed nutmeg products in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency, Usaha Permai obtained an added value for each product of Rp. 13 383/kg with a profit rate of
Keyword: efficiency, value added, marketing, nutmeg

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
Keyword: