Judul: Evaluasi Penggunaan Probiotik sebagai Alternatif Pengganti Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP) terhadap Persentase Karkas dan Kualitas Fisik Daging Broiler.
Abstrak: Penggunaan Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP) sudah dilarang didalam ransum ternak sejak Januari 2018. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan pengganti Antibiotic Growth Promoters untuk menjaga produktivitas dan performa ayam broiler. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi probiotik sebagai pengganti AGP terhadap persentase karkas dan kualitas fisik daging broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan 300 ekor DOC (day old chick) broiler strain Lohmann dibagi menjadi 3 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan selama 35 hari. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan, yaitu P0: (ransum basal); P1: (P0 + AGP zinc bacitracin 0.04%); P2: (P0 + probiotik larut air minum). Peubah yang diukur adalah persentase karkas, pH, keempukan daging, susut masak, daya mengikat air dan organoleptik. Data akan dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dengan aplikasi SPSS 25.0. Hasil yang signifikan (P<0.05) diuji lanjut dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dengan probiotik tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0.05) terhadap persentase karkas, pH, susut masak dan skor organoleptik yang meliputi aroma dan rasa daging broiler. Penggunaan probiotik berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) terhadap keempukan daging, daya mengikat air dan skor organoleptik tekstur daging broiler. Simpulan penggunaan probiotik dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP).
Keyword: karkas, kualitas fisik daging, probiotik, organoleptik

Judul: Evaluasi Pemberian Beberapa Probiotik terhadap Potongan Karkas dan Non Karkas Ayam Broiler
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pemberian beberapa jenis probiotik terhadap persentase karkas dan non karkas ayam broiler. Sebanyak 600 ekor ayam broiler strain Lohmann dipelihara sampai umur 35 hari. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan bila terdapat perbedaan nyata dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Duncan (Steel dan Torrie,1993). Perlakuan terdiri dari P1 = Ransum tanpa probiotik, P2 = P1 Lactococcus lactis D1813 108 CFU g-1, P3 = P1 Bacillus licheniformis D3270 108 CFU g-1, P4 = P1 Bacillus licheniformis D3270 108 CFU g-1 Lactococcus lactis D1813 108 CFU g-1, P5= P1 Bacillus subtilis 108 CFU g-1, P6 = P1 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 109 CFU g-1. Peubah yang diamati yaitu persentase karkas, persentase potongan komersial karkas, dan persentase non karkas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan probiotik kombinasi maupun individu di dalam ransum ini tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap persentase karkas, persentase potongan komersial karkas, dan persentase non karkas. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian probiotik kombinasi maupun individu dengan dosis 0,1% tidak memiliki efek secara langsung terhadap potongan karkas dan non karkas ayam broiler.
Keyword: Ayam broiler, probiotik, karkas, persentase karkas

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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