Judul: Potensi schizophyllum commune dan phanerochaete chrysosporium untuk pemutihan pulp kayu acacia mangium dan pinus merkusii
Abstrak: Dugaan lain pada hal di atas adalah terjadinya kondensasi lignin kembali setelah depolimerisasi lignin oleh S. commune. Pemberian S. commune pada pulp meningkatkan derajat putih pulp akasia pada kondisi aerasi setelah inkubasi selama 4 rninggu menjadi 56,4 %. Derajat putih pulp pinus dengan S. commune tertinggi (45,3 %) diperoleh pada kondisi aerasi setelah inkubasi selarna 4 dan 8 rninggu. Secara statistik pemberian S. commune secara tidak nyata meningkatkan derajat putih pulp. S. commune diduga dapat meningkatkan kadar gugus kromofor pada pulp karena terlihat adanya peningkatan wama pulp serta derajat putih pulp hanya sedikit meningkat walaupun kadar lignin nyata menurun. Kadar protein pulp pinus dengan S. commune tertinggi (3, 1 % ) diperoleh setelah inkubasi selama 2 rninggu. Diduga hal tersebut disebabkan adanya peningkatan biomassa fungi tersebut. Secara visual, setelah inkubasi selarna 2 rninggu, pulp akasia yang diberi P.chrysosporium terlihat berwarna kekuningan, narnun belum merata. Setelah inkubasi selarna 4 minggu, wama pulp makin cerah dan kecerahan wamanya makin merata. Narnun setelah inkubasi selarna 6 rninggu, pulp akasia sudah mulai lembek dan rapuh dan bahkan setelah inkubasi selarna 8 rninggu, pulp akasia sudah terlalu lembek dan rapuh sehingga tidak dapat dibuat lembaran pulp untuk pengukuran derajat putih. Proses pemutihan pulp yang diberi P. chrysosporium pada pinus secara visual tidak jauh berbeda dengan proses pemutihan pulp tersebut pada akasia. Namun dernikian, setelah inkubasi selarna 8 rninggu, pulp pinus tidak rusak dan masih baik untuk dibuat lembaran pulp pinus. Hal ini diduga karena pinus terdiri atas serat panjang, sedang akasia terdiri atas serat pendek.. Pemberian P. chrysosporium pada pulp menurunkan pH pulp akasia dari 5,88 menjadi 4,3 setelah inkubasi selama 8 rninggu. Setelah inkubasi selama 8 minggu, pH pulp pinus menurun dari 6,44 menjadi 4,3. Pemberian P. chrysosporium pada pulp menurunkan bilangan kappa pulp akasia pada kondisi tanpa aerasi menjadi 1,57 setelah inkubasi selama 8 minggu. Bilangan kappa pulp pinus dengan P. chrysosporium terendah (0,57) diperoleh pada kondisi aerasi setelah inkubasi selama 8 rninggu. Secara statistik pemberian P. chrysosporium nyata menurunkan bilangan kappa pulp. Pemberian P. chrysosporium pada pulp menurunkan kadar lignin pulp akasia pada kondisi tanpa aerasi menjadi 2,9 % setelah inkubasi selarna 8 rninggu. Kadar lignin pulp pinus dengan P. chrysosporium terendah (1,4 %) diperoleh pada kondisi aerasi setelah inkubasi 8 rninggu. Secara statistik pemberian P. chrysosporium nyata menurunkan kadar lignin pulp. Pemberian P. chrysosporium pada pulp meningkatkan derajat putih pulp akasia pada kondisi tanpa aerasi menjadi 67,5 % setelah inkubasi selama 6 minggu. Derajat putih pulp pinus dengan P. chrysosporium tertinggi (60,3 %) diperoleh pada kondisi aerasi setelah inkubasi selarna 6 rninggu. Secara statistik pemberian P. chrysosporium secara nyata meningkatkan derajat putih pulp. P. chrysosporium diketahui menghasilkan enzim yang dapat mendegradasi lignin seperti lignin peroksidase dan mangan peroksidase sehingga P. chrysosporium berpotensi sebagai agen pemutihan secara biologis dan ha! tersebut terlihat juga pada hasil penelitian ini. Kadar protein pulp pinus dengan P. chrysosporium tertinggi (1,69 %) diperoleh setelah inkubasi 8 rninggu. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa masa inkubasi yang optimal adalah 6 rninggu. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa kadar lignin pulp pada inkubasi selama 6 rninggu paling kecil dibanding kadar lignin pulp pada lama
Keyword: Schizophyllum commune, Phanerochaete chrysosporum

Judul: Manfaat Jamur Pelapuk Putih Phanerochaete Chrysosporium L1 dan Pleurotus Eb9 Untuk Biobleaching Pulp Kardus Bekas
Abstrak: Phanerochaete chrysosporium L1 dan Pleurotus EB9 are types of white rot fungi that originate from Basidiomycetes class. Both of them are potential wood putrefying fungis that can be used fir pulp industry. Pleurotus has an ability to degradise lignoselulose materials efficiently. Today, the pulp and paper industry uses chlorin for bleaching which is environmentally harmful. To decrease the usage of chlorin in bleaching process in pulp and paper industry, fungis are used which generally termed as biobleaching. The purpose of this research is to find out the potenstials of P. chrysosporium L1 and Pleurotus EB9 as biobleaching agents of used cardboard pulp to kappa numbers, lignin degrees, and to determine cardboard pulp’s physical characteristics. This research was conducted by increasing the number of inocolums of P. chrysosporium L1 dan Pleurotus EB9 in gelatin (PDA) and liquid media (MEL) in polypropylene bottle that has been incubated for 7 days (25ºC). 25 grams of pulp (Oven dry) were inserted to a polypropylene bottle and sterilized in autoclave for 15 minutes (121ºC, 1 atm). Next, the pulp was inoculated with both types of fungis about 50 ml, and it was stirred evenly. Then, it was incubated for 5, 10, and 15 days. After the incubation period, the degradation level, decomposition rate, and pH were counted by subtracting 2 grams of pulp which were added with 25 ml of distilled water, and stirred for about 2 minutes with magnetic styrer. The filtrate liquid was measured with pH-meter (25 C). Enzymes activity testing was checked by using 1 gr of pulp added with 4 ml of pH 7 buffer phosphate which were evenly grinded into cold water basin. Then it was filtered. The filtration solution was put into eppendorf 1,5 ml and centrifuged for 10 minutes (4 C, 10.000 rpm). Supernatant was taken for LiP enzyme axtivity testing which was measured based on alcohol veratril reaction with amplitude 310 nm. And, MnP enzyme was measured based on guaiacol reaction with amplitude 456 nm. Kappa numeral and pulp were tested with TAPPI no. T236 cm-85 method, and physical characteristics were included Tensile Strength (TAPPI no. T404 os- 74), Tearing Strength (TAPPI no. T414 ts-65), Ring Crush (TAPPI no. 818 os-76, and Brusting Strength (TAPPI Standard). The results showed that P. chrysosporium L1 had the best growth in the fifth day of incubation period with pH 4,95, and Pleurotus EB9 has the best growth in the tenth day with pH 5,00. Dry pulp weight decrease percentage by Pleurotus EB9 isolate was 16,4 % in average, and on treatment with P. chrysosporium L1 the average percentage was about 6,43% on the fifteenth day of incubation. P. chrysosporium L1 had 0,37% of gradation level and decomposition rate of 0,0066 grams/day on the fifteenth day of incubation. Pleurotus EB9 had degradation level of 0,65 % and decomposition rate of 0,0119 grams/day on the fifteenth day of incubation period. P. chrysosporium L1 had the highest LiP enzyme activity on the tenth day of incubation period (0,311 U/ml), and MnP enzyme activity on the fifth day (0,734 U/ml). Pleurotus EB9 showed no activity of
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Judul: Pengembangan Sistem Rotasi Peta pada Perangkat Mobile tanpa Sensor Magnetometer
Abstrak: Due to the improvement of technology, the function of mobile phone has changed a lot. Nowadays, mobile phone is used not only for communication, but also to support the user’s activity. Many mobile phones now have Operating System (OS) and sensors like GPS and magnetometer. GPS is a sensor that can be used to identify any location, including the location of the user, while magnetometer can be used to identify direction. With data that come from GPS and magnetometer, we can build a navigation application that can rotate its map according to the rotation of the user. Meanwhile, in the Android Compability Definition Document point 1.6 until 2.2, Google have requirements for mobile phones to have GPS and magnetometer sensors if they want to use Android OS. But, since the release of 2.3.3 OS, Google has changed its requirements, allowing any mobile phones to have Android OS without having the magnetometer sensor. The objective of this research is to build an navigation application that can rotate without using magnetometer sensor. The value of the rotation degree is taken from last two position. To stabilize the value, Exponential Smoothing is used in filtering process. This system also use Haversine method to recognize whether the user is walking or driving/riding.
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