Judul: Kajian Distribusi Beras di Wilayah DKI Jakarta Melalui Pasar Induk Beras Cipinang.
Abstrak: DKI Jakarta is classified as rice consumer area based on its deficiency in rice production as compared to the number of population. Therefore, its dependency to other food producer area, particularly rice producer area, is relatively high. This condition leads to a mutual interaction in food/rice distribution between DKI Jakarta and its surrounding areas. Government of DKI Jakarta has appointed Pasar Induk Beras Cipinang/Cipinang Rice Market (PIBC) as the rice distributor in Jakarta Area. PIBC is managed by a local-owned enterprise, PT. Food Station Tjipinang Jaya, that maintains food security (rice) in Jakarta Area. As a main rice market in Jakarta Area, PIBC controls rice price stability in Jakarta and it will influence the price directly or indirectly in other areas. Price fluctuations often occur and tend to be seasonal due to supply and demand pressures during certain period. Because of inefficiency in rice distribution channels, there is a large disparity between producers and consumers prices. This study aims to: 1) analyze the rice distribution in Jakarta area through PIBC, 2) analyze the spatial interaction of rice distribution between regions, that is from the hinterland to PIBC in Jakarta, to identify the producer area that having the highest driving force, 3) analyze the land carrying capacity in the producer area, 4) analyze the patterns of price data and the level of revenue distribution obtained by farmer in the highest driving force areas, and 5) formulate the policy direction of agricultural sector and rice distribution in DKI Jakarta. Rice distribution mapping was made based on income and expenditure data of PIBC in 2011 and 2012 and treated with spatial analysis using geographic information system applications, while marketing flow and the involved institutions were obtained from interviews with entrepreneurs in PIBC and literature study. Analysis of interaction between regions is carried out using gravity model analysis. The information on the area that has the highest driving force to send its rice production to Jakarta was obtained from the analysis of interaction between regions. Based on these results, an analysis of the land carrying capacity in the rice production area was conducted to determine its ability to further supply the rice to Jakarta. The analysis of price data patterns was performed to reveal the price fluctuations and the price disparity between farmer and consumers prices. The analysis of marketing margins and the farmer's share was used to determine the efficiency of the rice marketing from producers to consumers. The analysis result shows that the marketing flow/rice distribution in Jakarta through PIBC involving various marketing institutions such as local merchants as supplier to PIBC, an agent in the Jakarta area, and retailers consisting of retailers in the supermarket, housing, and traditional markets in Jakarta. The rice supply to the PIBC comes mainly from West Java namely Karawang, Bandung, Cianjur, Cirebon, and Serang-Banten. The rice distribution from PIBC to Jakarta area reached 49 percent of PIBC total expenditures in 2012 with the highest spread in East Jakarta, followed by West Jakarta, South Jakarta, North Jakarta, Central Jakarta and the Thousand Islands respectively. Based on spatial interaction analysis,
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Judul: Pengadaan Dan Penyaluran Beras Di Pasar Induk Cipinang Jakarta
Abstrak: Laporan Kerja Praktek Lapang ini disusun berdasarkan hasil pengamatan selama dua bulan di Pasar Induk Cipinang. Masalah pengadaan penyaluran beras khususnya di wilayah DKI Jakarta sangat dibutuhkan, mengingat sebagian besar penduduk di Pulau Jawa bertempat tinggal di wilayah DKI Jakarta. Memang pada mulanya pengadaan ai Pasar Induk Cipinang hanya diperuntukkan bagi konsumen di wilayah DKI Jakarta, namun lambat laun meluas sampai di luar wilayah DKI Jakarta, bahkan sampai di luar Pulau Jawa. Beras adalah salah satu jenis makanan pokok yang utama bagi sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia. Disamping itu beras mempunyai fungsi dan peranan yang sangat penting dalam hubungannya dengan kebijaksanaan pemerintah baik kebijaksanaan ekonomi maupun politik. Oleh karena itu usaha pengadaan dan penyaluran beras merupakan salah satu cara untuk menjaga stabilitas ekonomi dan politik negara. Kegiatan pengadaan ini berasal dari daerah-daerah produksi di Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur, kemudian di tambah dengan beras impor. Beras yang masuk ke Pasar Induk Cipinang bermacam-macam jenis, jumlah dan tingkat kualitasnya, maka dengan keanekaragaman ini tingkat harga juga berbeda- beda. Secara umum keberhasilan dalam hal pengadaan dan penyaluran beras merupakan suatu penghematan devisa, karena apabila pengadaan dalam negeri dapat berhasil dan dapat disalurkan dengan baik, maka negara Indonesia tidak akan mengimpor beras (bukan ditinjau dari segi politik), sehingga devisa yang ada dapat digunakan untuk membangun proyek yang lain. Dengan adanya Pasar Induk Cipinang, maka sistem pengadaan beras di wilayah DKI Jakarta dapat terjamin kelangsungannya, disamping itu pemerintah dapat memonitor harga beras setiap harinya, mengingat Pasar Induk Cipinang merupakan terminal masuk dan keluarnya beras serta sebagai pasar terbesar yang bergerak dibidang pengadaan pangan terutama beras di wilayah DKI Jakarta. Jadi didirikannya Pasar Induk Cipinang telah memberikan manfaat bagi produsen, konsumen dan pemerintah.
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell