Judul: Sifat fisik dan organoleptik sosis daging sapi dengan kombinasi minyak jagung dan wortel (Daucus carota L.) yang berbeda
Abstrak: Sosis umumnya diproduksi dengan kadar lemak tinggi. Hal ini diduga dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit, seperti kegemukan, penyakit jantung, dan lain-lain. Mengganti lemak dengan minyak jagung dapat menjadi salah satu solusinya. Sayursayuran seperti wortel dapat pula ditambahkan untuk meningkatkan kandungan vitamin pada so sis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik dan organoleptik sosis sapi yang dibuat dengan kombinasi minyak jagung dan worte! yang berbeda. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai Maret 2004 di Laboratorium Ruminansia Besar, Fakultas Petemakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Pasca Panen, Cimanggu, Bogor.
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Judul: Sifat fisik dan organoleptik sosis daging sapi dengan berbagai kombinasi tapioka dan bayam Amaranthus tricolor L
Abstrak: Penambahan sayuran dalam produk olahan daging telah banyak dijumpai dipasaran. Sayuran, selain sebagai variasi, juga berguna dalam peningkatan nilai gizi, namun untuk produk sosis hal ini belum dilakukan orang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik dan organoleptik dari sosis daging sapi dengan berbagai kombinasi tapioka dan bayam. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan di laboratorium Teknologi Hasil Ternak dan Laboratorium Ilmu Produksi Ternak Ruminansia Besar, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor mulai bulan Februari hingga Mei 2004. Analisis fisik dilakukan di laboratorium Balai Pasca Panen, Cimanggu, Bogor. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan empat kali ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah kombinasi tapioka: bayam sebanyak empat taraf, yaitu: (0:15), (5:10), (7,5:7,5), dan (10:5). Peubah yang diamati adalah sifat fisik yang meliputi: pH adonan, stabilitas emulsi, daya mengikat air dan kekerasan. Sifat organoleptik dilakukan dengan uji intensitas yang meliputi warna (daging-sayur), rasa sayur (hambar-sangat tajam), aroma sayur (tidak tajam-tajam), dan tekstur (kasar-halus), serta uji kesukaan yang meliputi warna, rasa, aroma, tekstur, dan kesukaan umum. Pengaruh perlakuan terhadap peubah yang diamati dan uji intensitas dianalisa dengan menggunakan analisa ragam. Bila analisa ragam menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (p<0,05), maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Untuk uji kesukaan dianalisa dengan uji Kruskal- Wallis dan jika hasilnya berbeda nyata akan dilanjutkan dengan uji banding rataan rangking yang dikembangkan oleh Gibbon. Hasil yang didapat menunjukan perlakuan kombinasi tapioka: bayam dalam pembuatan sosis hanya berbeda sangat nyata (p<0,01) pada nilai kekerasan. Dengan semakin bertambahnya kadar bayam yang digunakan, kekerasan sosis semakin meningkat. Untuk uji intensitas, perlakuan berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap aroma, berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,01) terhadap warna dan tekstur serta tidak mempengaruhi rasa sosis tersebut. Untuk uji kesukaan, perlakuan berbeda sangat nyata (p<0,01) terhadap warna dan tekstur, serta berbeda nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kesukaan umum. Penambahan bayam 5% lebih disukai panelis dalam hal warna dan tekstur, yaitu warna yang cerah dan tekstur yang halus.
Keyword: Sosis daging sapi, Tapioka Bayam, Amaranthus tricolor, organoleptik

Judul: Exchange Market Pressure and Central Bank Intervention for Three ASEAN Countries
Abstrak: Two of the exchange rate systems which are adopted by many countries are the floating and the fixed exchange rate system. Both the exchange rate systems have different characteristics. Countries that implement fixed exchange rates system tend to set their domestic currency exchange rate at a certain point. On the contrary, countries which implement floating exchange rate system tend to let their domestic currency exchange rate to move flexibly and thus their value will always change according to the demand and supply of the currency in the foreign exchange market. Countries which implement floating exchange rate system are facing the risk of fluctuation in the exchange rate of their domestic currency against foreign currencies. The currency exchange rate fluctuation may be caused by economic problems such as a financial crisis. A country can also be potentially affected by other countries’ earlier financial crisis. This effect could potentially happen if these countries are in the same region, such as ASEAN. The 1997 ASEAN economic crisis was an example of a country’s financial crisis could affect other countries. At that time, some countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand had to change their currency exchange rate system from the fixed exchange rate system to the floating exchange rate system due to the high costs which has to be incurred if they were to enforce the fixed exchange rate system. During 2002 until 2012, the domestic exchange rate of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand against the U.S. dollar had tended to fluctuate. If the domestic currency exchange rate fluctuated excessively then the central bank would intervene to stabilize the exchange rate in the foreign exchange market. The pressure on domestic currency exchange rate pressures has forced the central bank to intervene. The amount of those pressures can be analyzed by calculating the Exchange Market Pressure (EMP) index. Apart from that, the time when interventions are done by the central bank can be known based on EMP by calculating the Exchange Market Intervention (EMI) index. The purposes of this study were to determine the level of international pressure on the currency exchange market and monetary authorities intervene in three ASEAN countries, as well as to determine the effect of the monetary authorities intervene on the exchange rate of the domestic currency against the U.S. dollar in those three ASEAN countries. Based on the EMP index calculation results which are obtained during 2002 to 2012 period, the exchange rate of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand’s domestic currency had always fluctuated and the results of the EMP index indicated that each country were under diverse level of currency exchange rate appreciation and depreciation pressures. Thailand was the country with the highest currency exchange rate pressure compared to Indonesia and Malaysia. The results on the intervention index calculation showed that Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand have intervention index between zero and one and more than one. We can also see from the intervention index that Indonesia and Thailand implement the controlled floating currency exchange rate instead of the freely floating one. Based on the calculation of the currency exchange rate by comparing
Keyword: exchange rate, exchange market pressure, intervention