Judul: Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on Total Mixed Ration Silage Quality with Different Ensilage Times
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan L. plantarum terhadap kualitas silase TMR dengan lama ensilase yang berbeda. TMR yang digunakan berupa campuran hijauan 68,63% dengan konsentrat 31,37%. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 4 x 2. Faktor A yaitu lama ensilase (1, 7, 14, 28 hari), Faktor B yaitu inokulum (tanpa dan dengan inokulum). Parameter yang diukur adalah kualitas fermentatif silase (pH, asam laktat, dan amonia silase), kualitas nutrien (bahan kering, ADF, dan NDF), kualitas fermentatif rumen in vitro (pH, amonia rumen) dan kualitas kecernaan in vitro (KcBk, KcBO, dan produksi gas). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan jika data berbeda nyata, dilakukan uji lanjut Tukey menggunakan Minitab 21 versi 4.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lama ensilase berpengaruh sangat nyata pada semua peubah yang diukur kecuali amonia silase, BK, amonia rumen, KcBK, KcBO, dan total produksi gas (P<0,01); sedangkan penambahan inokulum berpengaruh sangat nyata pada semua peubah kecuali asam laktat, BK, ADF, NDF, pH rumen, KcBK, KcBO, dan total produksi gas (P<0,01). Terdapat interaksi yang sangat nyata antara lama ensilase 7 hari dengan penambahan inokulum (P<0.01). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah lama proses pembuatan silase terbaik dari TMR dengan rasio 68,63% hijauan dan 31,37% konsentrat adalah 7 hari dengan penambahan inokulum L. plantarum 1% dari sudut fermentatif silase, nutrien silase, fermentabilitas rumen dan sudut ekonomi., This study aimed to determine the effect of added L. plantarum on the quality of TMR silage with different ensilage times. TMR was used as a mixture of 68.63% forage with 31.37% concentrate. Factor A was ensilage times (1,7,14,28 days), and Factor B was inoculum (without and with inoculum). Parameters measured were silage fermentative quality (pH, lactic acid, and ammonia), nutrient quality (dry matter, ADF, NDF), rumen fermentative quality (pH, ammonia) and digestibility quality (KcBk, KcBO, and gas production). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and if the data were significantly different, Tukey's further test was conducted using Minitab 21 version 4.1. The results showed that the ensilage times had a very significant affected on all parameters except silage ammonia, KcBK, KcBO, gas production (P<0.01); while the addition of inoculum had a very significant affected on all parameters except lactic acid, BK, ADF, NDF, rumen pH, KcBK, KcBO, gas production (P<0.01). There was a very significant interaction between 7 days ensilage time and the addition of L. plantarum inoculum (P<0.01). This study concludes that he best silage made process time from TMR with a ratio of 68.63% forage and 31.37% concentrate is 7 days with the addition of 1% L. plantarum inoculum in terms of fermentative quality of silage, silage nutrients, rumen fermentability and from an economic.
Keyword: kecernaan, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lama ensilase, Silase TMR

Judul: Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Bacteria as Inoculum on Nutrien Content and Characteristics of Rice Straw Silage
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi galur bakteri asam laktat (BAL) yang sesuai untuk pembuatan silase jerami padi Varietas Sintanur dan mengevaluasi pengaruh BAL sebagai inokulum dan waktu ensilase untuk meningkatkan kualitas silase jerami padi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Pusat Riset Zoologi Terapan, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN). Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial 3x4 (RAL). Faktor pertama adalah jenis inokulum (1%) dan faktor kedua adalah waktu fermentasi (7, 14, 28 dan 58 hari). Tahap pertama seleksi dilakukan dengan menapis 9 isolat Lactiplantibacillus plantarum berdasarkan kemampuan memproduksi asam (pH) dan jumlah kandungan asam laktatnya. Tahap kedua dilakukan pengamatan terhadap kurva pertumbuhan isolat terpilih sebagai inokulum silase jerami padi. Tahap ketiga adalah pengujian kualitas silase jerami padi dengan parameter yang diamati meliputi nilai pH, kandungan asam laktat, Water Soluble Carbohydrate (WSC), kandungan NH3-N, kandungan protein, kadar abu, kadar air dan berat bahan kering. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan analisis varians (ANOVA) dan jika terdapat pengaruh nyata perlakuan dilanjutkan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Galur bakteri asam laktat yang terpilih L. plantarum 1A2 dan 098 menunjukkan hasil interaksi yang signifikan (p<0,05) antar perlakuan inokulum dan waktu inkubasi. Tidak ada pengaruh interaksi antara faktor inokulum dan lama fermentasi pada kadar abu dan kadar air. Nilai pH, kandungan asam laktat, WSC, kandungan NH3-N kandungan protein dan bahan kering berbeda nyata (p<0,05) dipengaruhi oleh inokulum dan lama fermentasi silase jerami padi. Inokulum L. plantarum 098 meningkatkan kadar protein kasar, asam laktat dan NH3-N dalam silase jerami padi dan menurunkan pH sehingga meningkatkan kualitas fermentasi pada silase., This study aimed to evaluate the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains that are suitable for producing rice straw silage Sintanur variety and the effect of LAB as an inoculum and ensilage days to improve the quality of silage. The experiment was conducted at the Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). This experiment was designed using a 3×4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor was inoculums (1%) and the second factor was the incubation time (7, 14, 28 and 58 days). Selection of microbes that can produce acid (pH) from 9 inoculums of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum bacteria, two stains of lactic acid bacteria 1A2 and 098 were added to the 150 g rice straw. The parameters observed included the production of pH, lactic acid, WSC, and NH3-N well as the proximate analyze crude protein, ash, dry matter, and water contents. The data were analyzed based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if there was a significant effect the data were further analyzed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed significant interactions (p<0.05) compared with treating inoculant and ensiling days. The inoculant and ensiling days, however, had no interaction effect on ash and water content. The fermentation time influenced (p<0.05) the production of quality silage. pH, lactic acid, WSC, NH3-N, and crude protein significant interactions (p<0.05). In conclusion, Inoculant 098 increased the crude protein, lactic acid, and NH3-N in rice straw silage and decreased the pH improving the fermentation quality. Keywords: fermentation, rice straw silage, inoculant, lactic acid bacteria
Keyword: fermentation, rice straw silage, inoculant, lactic acid bacteria

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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