Judul: Hipertrofi Kordis pada Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fasicularis) Pasca Obes Induksi Diet Obesitogenik Diikuti Asupan Nikotin
Abstrak: The aim of this study was to examine the evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy of male cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) as animal model of human obesity and atherosclerosis. The animals were fed obesitogenic diet for 12 month and treated by per-oral nicotine liquid for 3 month. The objective of this study is exploring the macroscopic aspect of fatty heart enlargement and its compensation. Almost of fifteen samples of hearts showed varies level of fatty deposition and blunted apex. Heart muscle thickening was measured on distal transversal one centimeter’s cutting using caliper with two decimal precision. Relative Wall Thickness (RWT) was measured by calculating Septal Wall Thickness (SWT) that added by Posterior Wall Thickness (PWT) and divided by Left Ventricular Internal Diameter (LVID). All of the heart mostly have concentric type of hypertrophy with elevation of RWT (1.87 ± 1.47 centimeter) compare to the normal one (0,45 centimeter). This RWT has low relations to body weight (r = 0.060) and body mass index (r =0.054). This study refilled that cynomlgous macaque can be developed as animal model of ventricular hypertrophy as a part of alternative solution of ventricular hypertrophy in conjunction with endemic obesity on urban society. This study suggested that the study of nicotine effect on ventricular hypertrophy should be conducted microscopically.
Keyword: 

Judul: Efek nikotin dosis rendah pada mekanisme hambat aterosklerosis monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) obes
Abstrak: Obesity is the major risk factor of coronary atherosclerosis, which is a high rank killer among citizen in the world. In order to prevent coronary atherosclerosis, we explored the effect of low dose nicotine liquid peroral using 9 adult males cynomolgous macaques (Macaca fascicularis) obes (body mass indect >23.00) based on celluler histophatological study. These obes monkeys are grouped into 2 groups: one group was given nicotine intervention (n=5) while the other was not (n=4). The evaluation includes the formation of coronary atherosclerotic plague, the cellular aspects of coronary athersclerotic lesions and the present of HDL at the liver and aorta. The correlation analysis revealed a tendency that body mass index and ratio of intimal thickening and coronary arterial wall thickening was correlated. It suggested us that there was also correlation between obesity and severity of atherosclerotic lesion. The novelty of this research included the potential effect of nicotine low dose (1) to protect the smoth muscle cells and endothelial intact, (2) to increase intimal layer regeneration through foam’s cells cytolysis and selluler matrix development, (3) to increase and strenghten smooth muscle cells, and (4) to increase the role of HDL in reverse cholesterol transport. It seems that nicotine has a potencial role to transform atherosclerotic plaque to stabilize artery.
Keyword: 

Judul: Formulasi TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) menggunakan ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
Abstrak: TSP is a journey of salesman f?om his origin town (place) to visit n-cities (places) only at once, then return to his origin town (place) with a minimum total distance. Its purpose is to minimize the operating expense that is released by the company. Vehicle route at TSP in the form of a Hamiltonian cycle, that is closed path containing all nodes at the graph which representing a network walk. Its problem is to determine a journey route which is feasible (possibly can be passed by) in such a way the vehicle travelled distance passed the route is minimum.
Keyword: