Judul: Analisis Ekonomi Dampak Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian Terhadap Ketahanan Pangan di Kabupaten Karawang Jawa Barat (Studi Kasus Desa Tanjungpura Kecamatan Karawang Barat)
Abstrak: During 2002-2012, the number of converted land in Karawang has reached 10 027 ha. The result of this study showed that the pattern of land conversion in Karawang was triggered by the high number of population’s growth. The rate of land conversion in Karawang during 2002-2012 are fluctuated, with average point of -0.71%. The land institutional that was analyzed from Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) stated that Karawang will be converted into urban and industrial area based on Peraturan Daerah Undang-Undang No. 2 Year 2013. The factors that affect land conversion externally are the number on industries and the proportion between agricultural land to total area. The factors that affect land conversion internally are farm costs and the proportion between farm income to total income. The average number of farmer’s income after the land conversion was reduced by Rp.2 599 900. The impact to production was the loss of rice production in the past ten years, which is 130 547.02 tons, or Rp 344 054 232 300 worth. Based on prediction, the land area and the conversion impact to food security will cause 6 796 tons of rice shortage on 2026. If rice consumption per capita was reduced by 1.5% every year, then Karawang won’t be able to provide the needs of rice in 2031 with 6 438 tons shortage. The implication’s policy to overcome rice field conversion could be done from several aspects such as social aspect, economy aspects, and environment aspect. It could be done by implementing the land quota, compensate farmers, and agricultural intensification.
Keyword: Karawang., Farmer’s Income, Food Security, Production Paddy, Land Conversion

Judul: MODEL DINAMIS UNTUK MENJAGA UPAYA MANDIRI BERAS: STUDI KASUS, KABUPATEN KARAWANG, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Abstrak: Paddy fields are Indonesia's most important agricultural land use, supporting national food security. Such lands have experienced a massive change in their dynamics, specifically in rice (Oryza Sativa) production home, West Java. Karawang paddy fields notably become the major victim of land-use change and rapid economic growth, development, and population pressure. This study aimed to I) analyse land use/ land cover change, II) Predict the future land-use change in the Karawang Regency, West Java Province, and III) Design/simulate policy scenarios to uphold future rice self-sufficiency policies. The study employed three different methods to meet its objectives. Remote sensing techniques and satellite images were used for investigation across the Karawang Regency. Three kinds of satellite image datasets of Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 8 OLI, and Sentinel 2 from 2009, 2014, and 2019 were analysed. Based on the Markov model, a land change modeller was used to predict conversion in 2031, and PowerSim was used to develop system dynamics to simulate scenarios. The results revealed that land-use change impacted paddy fields conversion significantly. Karawang Regency lost 16,346.77 ha or 8.54 % of its paddy fields throughout the assessment period. Such farmlands declined by 8,639.84 ha (4.51%), 7,706.93 ha (4.02%), and it's expected to be converted by 12,306.75 ha or 6.40 % between 2009 -2014, 2014 to 2019, 2019-2031, respectively. The conversion of paddy fields to build areas, including road infrastructures, is approximately 14,536.21 ha, representing 57.98% of the total paddy fields converted. As a result of build-up area expansion (2014-219) within RTRW and LP2B areas, paddy fields will be reduced by 5,099.68 ha or 5.40% and 3,385.98 ha or 3.28%, respectively. While between 2019-and 2031, they will be reduced by 7,463.88 ha or 7.90 % and 13,913.28 ha or 13.50%, respectively. The highest and lowest conversions will occur in the sub-districts of Banyu Sari and Tegalwaru. Up 95% of the expanded build area will be a converted irrigated paddy field with an area range of 1-99 ha. Only 5% will be rainfed paddy fields exclusively located in the south eastern part of the Regency. The developed system dynamics indicated that the overall Maximum relative errors, coefficient of determination, and mean absolute per cent error of tested variables were 1.33%, 0.760, and 1.49, respectively. Under the Business-as-usual scenario (BAU#), it was found that the population of Karawang will reach 6.1 million people, and the paddy fields will be reduced to only169 a thousand ha by the end of the century. The scenario will result in a reduction of Karawang rice Availability Per Person (APP), surplus (SPs), and Self-sufficiency (SSL) by 66.20, 50.55, and 359%, respectively. Besides that, the Rice demand scenario (SNO#3) indicated the Regency will be out of rice surplus in 2094 and 2085 when the consumption/ demand of rice increases by 80% (SNO#3.3) and 100%(SNO#3.4), respectively. It's been concluded that paddy fields conversion is the main threat that may undermine the future rice supply for Regency and maintain 1.5 million tons of rice surplus. The study recommended that proposed possible interventions should be considered along with the formulation and implementation of upcoming Regional
Keyword: Food self-sufficiency, paddy fields conversion, Google Earth Engine, system dynamics

Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
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