Judul: Model Dinamika Sistem Agroindustri Kakao di Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesia is one of the largest cocoa producer in the world, however, production of processed cocoa is still very low and the cocoa processing industry did not develop. This study aims to: develop a system dynamic model of cocoa agro-industry, analyze the impact of Gernas kakao and cocoa export tax policy achievement on cocoa downstream industry performance and farmers’ revenue, and develop policy alternatives for the development cocoa downstream industry and increasing farmers’ revenue. This study used system dynamic model approach. The cocoa agroindustry system dynamics model that has developed can illustrate the cocoa agoindustry system properly. The analysis showed that behavior of the cocoa processing industry’s ability to absorb the production of cocoa bean during the analysis period (2008 - 2025) in the actual conditions had a declining trend. The share of volume and value of processed cocoa products export and farmers’ revenue showed declining trend too. Gernas kakao and export tax policy simultaneously can increase the industry capacity to absorb domestic production of cocoa beans. The policies are also able to increase the share of volume and value of processed cocoa export. However, the policies are only able to raise the revenue of farmers who join the Gernas kakao policy, while who do not follow the program have revenue levels lower than actual conditions. Thus, Gernas kakao and export tax policies are more likely had positive impact on the processing industry, but had a negative impact to the farmers who are not involved in the Gernas kakao policy. Policy alternatives with scenario 8 could encourage the development of cocoa agro-industry as a whole system better than the other scenarios. Therefore, alternative policies should be implemented by the government to develop cocoa agro-industry are: continue to implement the Gernas kakao policy; increase productivity and quality of smallholders cocoa plantation which was not involved in the Gernas kakao policy; eliminate cocoa exports tax policy, but the government must be provide fiscal and monetary incentives to the processing industry and improve the business climate to encourage the growth of the cocoa processing industry.
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Judul: Model perumusan kebijakan pendukung pengembangan industri kakao berbasis kinerja driver rantai pasok
Abstrak: As the third largest cocoa beans producer in the world Indonesia is currently working to improve the added value of these commodities through the development of the cocoa industry. Various policies and programs both upstream and downstream sectors have been implemented to achieve industrial competitiveness cocoa. However, the complexity of the development of the industry makes it difficult to formulate effective policies. Many factors influence the development of the cocoa industry. Previous studies one of the factors in the development of the cocoa industry is a supply chain management and infrastructure. Supply chain factor is an important consideration in the development of Indonesian cocoa industries, because geographically widespread cocoa activities in various islands in Indonesia. Raw material production of cocoa beans is mostly on the island of Sulawesi, Sumatra, and Kalimantan, while for manufacturing activity is still concentrated in Java and some parts of Sulawesi. In supply chain management logistics aspects such as location, capacity and flexibility of its facilities, inventory, and equipment and transportation costs greatly affect the company's decision to expand or adding capacity. In addition, an aspect of the flow of information and the selection method of procurement is also a consideration that affects the development of the industry. Aspects mentioned above have referred to as drivers (driving forces) that will determine the performance of the supply chain. To determine the performance of the supply chain required measurement system that is able to evaluate the performance of the supply chain holistically. However, choosing the system of supply chain performance measures is quite difficult due to the complexity of the system. In addition, the design of supply chain performance measurement is very diverse. Performance measurement at the firm level has been done such as SCOR method and Balance Score Card. But, the problem was how to measure an inter-company level performance of the supply chain. The development of the cocoa industry in Indonesia needs a supply chain performance measurement at the industry level (inter-company) to support the government's role in creating a climate that was more conducive to the development of the cocoa industry. This study aims to design a model of cocoa industry development policy formulation based on driver of supply chain performance. While the stages include: a) analyses on policy issues and Indonesian cocoa; b) analysing the cocoa supply chain as an effort to develop the cocoa industry, c) Describe the driver cocoa supply chain performance, and d) Measuring supply chain performance cocoa industry. Cocoa industry was limited to the processing industry that produces cocoa beans, cocoa cake, cocoa liquor, cocoa butter, and cocoa powder. The supply chain analysis shows that the cocoa industry development needs a partnership between industry and farmers/cooperative. Development of a pilot project in the production area with the provision of extension workers was proven to produce high quality cocoa beans that support a sustainable supply of cocoa for v industry. While the mechanism for fair and free barriers of trade should be supported by government policy in terms of standard scales (metrology), trade monitoring, road infrastructure improvement, and deregulate fees/levies. The decomposition of
Keyword: cocoa industry, supply chain driver, performance, policy formulation, ISM, AHP

Judul: Pemanasan Sekunder Reaksi Fusi Plasma dengan Menggunakan Radio Frequency
Abstrak: Plasma merupakan bentuk ke-empat dari materi setelah padat, cair dan gas yang terbentuk dari proses ionisasi gas. Plasma dapat digunakan dalam reaksi fusi, yaitu reaksi penggabungan dua inti atom ringan menjadi inti atom yang lebih berat sambil melepaskan energi. Untuk mendapatkan energi dari reaksi fusi, inti yang akan direaksikan harus dipanaskan pada temperatur yang sangat ekstrem tingginya. Salah satu cara agar dapat mencapai kondisi ini adalah memberikan pemanasan tambahan atau pemanasan sekunder kepada plasma dalam reaksi fusi tersebut. Nilai daya serap rata-rata ion Deuterium yang sesuai dengan selang nilai daya dari data ITER adalah daya yang menggunakan frekuensi 50 MHz sampai dengan 60 MHz. Dengan menggunakan frekuensi 60 Hz diperoleh nilai daya rata-rata yang diserap sebesar 1,235.10-12 W.
Keyword: gelombang radio, pemanasan sekunder, plasma, reaksi fusi