Judul: Comparison of direct and indirect determination of microbial growth in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec)
Abstrak: A study to compare the indirect and direct measurement of microbial protein synthesis in Rusitec using stable isotope nitrogen (15N-urea with 95% enrichment) as a tracer have been conducted. Six type of ration contained 16% CP, 24 - 36% CF, 49 – 62% NDF and 27 – 41% ADF with gradual content of non protein nitrogen (NPN) have been put into nylon bag and fed daily to Rusitec fermentor for 15 days observation. Indirect microbial protein synthesis (MPS) estimated MPS from N-turnover of the ammonia pool, while direct method estimated MPS from microbial isolated. The direct measurement of microbial-N in bacteria isolates resulted in higher microbial protein synthesis compared to the indirect method based. The results obtained are compared and discussed in relation to theoretical stoichiometric data of rumen fermentation.
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Judul: Synchrony index of releasing N-protein and energy in the rumen as a basis of ruminant diet formulation with local feedstuffs
Abstrak: The experiments were conducted to prove the diet formulation technique which was based on the synchronization of releasing N-protein and energy in addition to energy and protein requrement in diet for efficiency of rumen microbial N synthesis and animal production. Exp. 1. Nylon bag technique was adopted to determine ruminal characteristic of protein and organic matter (OM) degradation of feedstuffs (forage and concentrate diet) for which the synchrony index of N-protein and OM fermented in the rumen might be determined based on synchronization ratio of 20 (I20), 25 (I25), and 30 g N/kg OM (I30) fermented in the rumen. Exp. 2. By using randomized block design, twelve local cattle were arranged into four groups according to average body weight of the animals. Each group was fed three types of diet that was different in synchronization ratio of supplying N-protein and fermented OM in rumen, namely 20 g N/kg OM (R20); 25 g N /kg OM (R25); and 30 g N /kg MO (R30). The diets had iso-energy and iso-protein contents and had the same synchrony index. Exp 3. By using randomized block design with a factorial of 3 x 2. The first factor was three diferent protein levels i.e. 10, 12, and 14 %; the second factor was two deferent levels of TDN (total digestible nutrients) (65 and 70 %). Eighteen local cattles were arranged into three groups according to average body weight of the animals. Each group was fed six types of diet that was different in level of CP or TDN. The diets had the same synchrony index, namely 0,560.
Keyword: N retention, intake of nutrients, digestibility of nutrients, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), rumen microbes

Judul: Perencanan Lanskap Sunda Kalapa, Jakarta Utara Sebagai Kawasan W isata Sejarah
Abstrak: Perkembangan kota Jakarta dari waktu ke waktu sangatlah cepat, sehingga menyebabkan kota-kota tua banyak yang tergusur untuk dijadikan daerah baru yang lebih modern. Apabila hal tersebut tidak ditanggulangi secara dini maka keberadaan Kota Lama Jakarta akan hilang. Hal inilah yang melatar belakang untuk dilakukan tindakan perlindungan dan revitalisasi kawasan bersejarah Sunda Kalapa.
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