Judul: Efforts to Reduce Weight Loss on Chicken Karaage Production with PDCA Approach and Pick Up Observation on Some Product Weights at PT XYZ
Abstrak: PT XYZ merupakan industri pangan yang mengembangkan beberapa produk olahan daging ayam, salah satunya adalah chicken karaage. Berdasarkan data di perusahaan, PT XYZ masih mengalami kendala yang ditandai dengan tingginya persentase loss thawing sebesar 5,44%. Penyusutan bobot tersebut dapat berpengaruh pada jumlah produk yang dihasilkan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menurunkan susut bobot bahan serta mencari tahu faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap susut bobot dengan pendekatan PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action). Langkah perbaikan yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan metode pembekuan cepat (Individually Quick Freezing), meninimalisasi kejadian holding time selama pengumpulan bahan baku, dan perlakuan thawing pada suhu chilling room (13,2 °C). Hasil perbaikan menunjukkan persentase total susut bobot menurun menjadi 2,70% yang terdiri atas persentase susut bobot pada beberapa tahapan, yaitu setelah pembekuan (1,79%), penyimpanan sementara (0,28%), dan setelah thawing (0,62%). Selain susut bobot, pengamatan juga dilakukan pada %pick up predust, batter, breader, dan frying. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan kelompok berat daging 28–32 gram berpengaruh nyata (p < 0,05) terhadap %pick up predust pada taraf signifikansi 0,05. Sedangkan pada kelompok berat daging 18–22 gram, PT XYZ is a food industry that develops several processed chicken meat products, one of which is chicken karaage. Based on data from the company, PT XYZ is still experiencing constraints characterized by a high percentage of thawing loss of 5,44%. Depreciation of such weights can affect the number of products produced. Therefore, this study aimed to reduce the weight of ingredients and found out the factors that affect thawing loss with PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) approach. The corrective steps are to use the Method of Rapid Freezing (Individually Quick Freezing), initialize the occurrence of holding time during the collection of raw materials, and thawing treatment at chilling room temperature (13,2 °C). The results showed the percentage of total weight loss decreased to 2,70% consisting of a percentage of weight loss at several stages, namely after freezing (1,79%), temporary storage (0,28%), and after thawing (0,62%). In addition to weight loss, observations were also made on %pick up predust, batter, breader, and frying. The results of statistical analysis showed that the meat weight group of 28–32 grams had a noticeable effect (p < 0,05) on %pick up predust at a significance level of 0,05. While in the meat weight group 18–22 grams and 23–27 grams showed no noticeable influence (p > 0,05).
Keyword: Chicken karaage, pembekuan, pendekatan PDCA, susut bobot, thawing, Chicken karaage, freezing, PDCA approach, thawing, weight loss

Judul: Implementation of PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) Cycle to Reduce the Weight Loss of Spicy Wing Product at PT XYZ
Abstrak: PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) adalah metode yang umum digunakan oleh perusahaan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan dan penyebabnya. Penelitian secara formal mengenai weight loss saat proses produksi dengan sampel yang besar dan proses berkesinambungan di industri pengolahan daging ayam spicy wing belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji weight loss saat proses produksi, menganalisis faktor penyebab weight loss, dan membuat standard kombinasi proses yang paling optimal dalam produksi spicy wing di PT XYZ. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tahap Plan (identifikasi masalah, spesifikasi masalah, dan pengumpulan data), tahap Do (analisis data, pembuatan kesimpulan tentatif, dan pemeriksaan kesimpulan statistik), tahap Check (melakukan percobaan), dan tahap Action (melakukan tindakan perbaikan dan mempertahankan hasil perbaikan). Penentuan faktor penyebab weight loss dilakukan dengan metode PDCA dan dibantu dengan teknik GKM (Gugus Kendali Mutu) yang berisikan manajer, supervisor, dan leader pada masing-masing divisi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan pembekuan dengan Individual Quick Freezing (IQF) pada sampel middle wing dan wing stick dapat menurunkan thawing loss menjadi 0,68±0,19% dibandingkan perlakuan Blast Freezer (BF) dengan thawing loss sebesar 2,84±0,39%. Metode IQF ini juga menghasilkan saving cost sebesar Rp 1.195.200,-/Order Kerja Produksi (OKP). Kata kunci: freezing, GKM, PDCA, spicy wing, weight loss., PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) is a method commonly used in company to identify problems and it causes, to conduct the improving and controlling as well as to maintain the produced product quality. Formal the research topic about weight loss in production line with a large sample and continuous process in the chicken meat (spicy wing) processing industry has never been done. This research aimed to study weight loss in line production, to analyze the factors behind weight loss and create the most optimal process combination standard in the production of spicy wings at PT XYZ. The research was carried out with 4 stages. Plan (problem identification, problem specification and data collection), Do (data analysis, formulation of provisional conclusions and verification of statistical conclusions), Check (realization experiences), and Action (take corrective action and maintain improvement results). The determination of the factors that caused weight loss was done using PDCA method and supported by Quality Control Group (QCG) technique involving managers, supervisors, and leaders of each division. The results showed that freeze treatment with Individual Quick Freezing (IQF) on samples middle wing and wing stick was able to reduce thaw loss to 0.68±0.19% than the freez treatment with Blast Freezing (BF) with thaw loss 2.84±0.39%. IQF method was able to gain saving cost Rp 1.195.200,-/Production Work Order (PWO). Keywords: freezing, PDCA, spicy wing, QCG, weight loss.
Keyword: Freezing, PDCA, QCG, Spicy Wing, Weight loss

Judul: Merremia dennstedt ex endlicher (Convolvulaceae) in Sumatra.
Abstrak: Merremia is a small genus in the family Convolvulaceae. Merremia is a perennial or annual herb or woody liana with stems creeping or twinning on trees or rocks, put out milky white sap when injured and some species with tubers. Merremia is often confused with genus Ipomoea, due to they have resemblance in funnel shaped or campanulate corolla and straight anther. Phenetically, some members of Merremia have yellow flower whereas Ipomoea has white, purple or purplish white. Merremia is also confused with Operculina due both have non-spinulose pollen and dehiscent capsule. Nevertheless, Operculina characterized by circumciselli capsule and Merremia characterized by valve capsule. The important character in Merremia is the spread of the hairs on corolla that can be easily observed at the mature flower bud. The genus Merremia is found in the tropical regions of both hemispheres. Merremia wildly distributed throughout the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, North and South America and approximately there were 80 species of Merremia in the world. A Total of 175 sheets (164 collection numbers) which are deposited in Herbarium Bogoriense, 97 sheets (95 collection numbers) which are deposited Andalas University Herbarium (ANDA) and 9 sheets (4 collection numbers) which are deposited in BIOTROP Herbarium (BIOT) were studied. It composed of all specimens of Merremia in Sumatra. Additional specimens were collected by the author 28 sheets (15 collection numbers) from North Sumatra, West Sumatra and Lampung, which are stored in BO and BIOT. The digital data that consist of type specimens and distributions of species from JSTOR Plant Science and Convolvulaceae Unlimited were also used here. All the hebarium specimens were studied based on their morphological characters following de Vogel (1987) and Rifai (1976). The terminology of morphological characters followed Lawrence (1955), Veldkamp (1987), Harris and Harris (1994), Hickey and King (2005) and Stearn (1983). Information on the habitat, ecology, distribution, vernacular names and uses were noted from the specimens label and literatures. Taxonomic studies in Sumatra were conducted. There are eight species, one subspecies, one varietas and two forma from nine previously species (M. cissoides, M. dissecta, M. emarginata, M. hirta, M. peltata, M. quinquefolia, M. tridentata, M. tuberosa and M. vitifolia), two subspecies (M. umbellata ssp. orientalis and M. tridentata ssp. hastata), one varietas (M. boisiana var. sumatrana) and two forma (M. hederacea f. pubescens and M. hederacea f. barbata) can be recognized. One species (M. tridentata) and subspecies (M. tridentata ssp. hastata) are excluded because they have been proposed to different new taxa Xenostegia by Austin and Staples. The existence of M. emarginata was noted as new record in Sumatra and M. cissoides was noted as new record in Indonesia. A phylogenetic analysis using PAUP*4.Ob10 was undertaken based on morphological characters, using Evolvulus nummularius and Porana volubis as the out group. The phylogenetic analysis used 35 morphological characters was resulted consistency index (CI) = 0.60, homoplasy index (HI) = 0.40, retention index (RI) = 0.56 and Rescaled consistency index (RC) = 0.34. Phylogenetic tree used morphological characters divided taxa into two groups. The separation support M. boisiana var. sumatrana, M. cissoides, M.
Keyword: Convolvulaceae, Merremia, morphology, phylogenetic, Sumatra