Judul: Hubungan Pola Interaksi dengan Motif Penyalahgunaan Narkotika, Psikotropika, dan Zat Adiktif (Napza) Di Kalangan Remaja
Abstrak: Indonesia has a fairly long history on the issue of child and adolescent delinquency that has now entered the critical points. One of the worrying problem is the case of drug abuse (narcotics, psychotropic and addictive substances). This study aimed to describe the individual characteristics and family characteristics, patterns of interaction adolescent drug abusers, analyze motives drug abuse, as well as analyzing the interaction patterns of relationship with drug abuse patterns. This study examines two patterns of adolescent drug abusers, there are the family interaction patterns and friendship interaction pattern. The results showed that both family interaction patterns and interaction patterns of friendship has a relationship with drug abuse patterns.
Keyword: motifs of drug abuse, patterns of interaction, drug

Judul: Hubungan persepsi remaja tentang gaya pengasuhan orangtua dan kelompok teman sebaya dengan pemakaian narkoba
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan persepsi remaja tentang gaya pengasuhan orang tua dan kelompok teman sebaya dengan pemakaian narkoba. Secara khusus bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik keluarga (tipe keluarga, besar keluarga, posisi anak, tingkat pendidikan orang tua, dan pendapatan per kapita keluarga); mengetahui gaya pengasuhan orang tua (otoriter, demokrasi, permissif), mengetahui faktor lingkungan sosial (kelompok teman sebaya dan lingkungan sekolah); mengetahui tingkat pemakaian narkoba; menganalisis hubungan antara karakteristik keluarga, gaya pengasuhan orang tua, dan kelompok teman sebaya dengan tingkat pemakaian narkoba; dan menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik keluarga, gaya pengasuhan orang tua, dan faktor lingkungan sosial terhadap pemakaian narkoba. Penelitian dilakukan di Yayasan Permata Hati Kita (Yakita) dan Rumah Sakinah, Bogor yang dipilih secara accidental sampling. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan bulan Desember 2002. Desain yang digunakan adalah cross sectional study. Jumlah contoh yang diambil 40 orang yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data primer dan sekunder. Data primer meliputi data karakteristik keluarga, gaya pengasuhan orang tua, faktor lingkungan sosial, dan pemakaian narkoba. Data sekunder meliputi data keadaan umum yang dicatat dari pusat rehabilitasi Yakita dan Rumah Sakinah. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif dan statistik. Analisis statistik yang dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman dan uji regresi linier berganda. Untuk karakteristik keluarga, diketahui bahwa tipe keluarga paling umum pada populasi Contoh adalah nuclear family (62.5%), memilik jumlah anggota keluarga sebanyak 5-6 orang (47.5%), merupakan anak bungsu dalam keluarganya (45%), pendidikan ayah dan ibu Contoh adalah akademi atau perguruan tinggi yaitu sebanyak 80% dan 55%, dan mempunyai pendapatan per kapita diatas Rp 1535714,00 yaitu sebesar 45%. Sedangkan untuk gaya pengasuhan orang tua, diketahui bahwa sebagian besar Contoh termasuk kedalam gaya pengasuhan agak permissif (32.5%). Untuk kelompok teman sebaya, diketahui bahwa sebagian besar Contoh masuk kedalam bentuk kelompok teman sebaya gank yaitu sebesar 67.5%, merasa terikat dengan teman sebaya yang diikutinya (80%), dan telah mempersepsikan bahwa peranan sekolah bagi mereka adalah baik (67.5%).
Keyword: gaya pengasuhan

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable