Judul: Kajian Analisis Risiko Keberadaan Tempat Pemotongan Ayam di Kawasan Pondok Rumput Bogor terhadap Penyebaran Penyakit Avian Influenza
Abstrak: Avian influenza is important zoonosis in the world. The virus is derived from infected chickens and can be transmitted to humans. The study estimated risk of avian influenza virus dissemination at Pondok Rumput abattoir. Field survey was conducted to obtain primary and secondary data. The risk questions have grouped three activities category, namely origin chicken farm area, live bird transportation, and Pondok Rumput abattoir area. The risk probability and risk matrix has estimated based on compiled data and field observation. The live bird transportation has a highest risk probability with 6.24 x 10-5.The chicken farm activities and Pondok Rumput Abattoir activities have risk probability of 1.16 x 10-5 and 1.8 x 10-6. Using the risk matrix, the results indicated risk of avian influenza virus transmission at the Pondok Rumput abattoir is acceptable and live bird transportation area and chicken farm activities are tolerable.
Keyword: Risk Analysis, Pondok Rumput Abattoir, Avian Influenza

Judul: Qualitative Risk Assessment for Introduction Avian Influenza Virus into Zone Surrounding Compartementalized Farm in Cipunagara Sub-District of Subang District
Abstrak: Avian influenza masih merupakan masalah besar dan rumit di Indonesia yang melibatkan seluruh sektor perunggasan (sektor 1, 2, 3 dan 4 merujuk kepada klasifikasi FAO). Bertahannya infeksi virus avian influenza di dalam populasi diduga akibat sirkulasi virus yang melibatkan semua sektor dan rantai pemasaran. Beberapa negara mengalami kesulitan dalam memberantas penyakit hewan di seluruh wilayahnya serta menjaga status bebas terhadap penyakit. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) memperkenalkan konsep perwilayahan dan kompartementalisasi untuk pengendalian penyakit dan perdagangan internasional. Berdasarkan konsep ini suatu negara dapat memberantas penyakit di bagian wilayah tertentu dan mengijinkan perdagangan dari wilayah tersebut walaupun negara secara keseluruhan belum bebas. Konsep kompartementalisasi mulai diterapkan untuk peternakan unggas komersial di Indonesia sejak tahun 2008. Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor: 28/Permentan/OT.140/5/2008 tanggal 30 Mei 2008 menetapkan skema sertifikasi kompartemen bebas avian influenza. Berdasarkan peraturan tersebut pada daerah penyangga sekitar kompartemen tidak diperbolehkan adanya peternakan unggas komersial maupun non komersial. Namun demikian sebagian kompartemen peternakan unggas saat ini belum dapat memenuhi persyaratan daerah penyangga tersebut karena kompartemen dikelilingi oleh pemukiman penduduk. Keberadaan pemukiman penduduk biasanya disertai dengan keberadaan unggas. Pemeliharaan unggas di zona sekitar kompartmen berpotensi menimbulkan dampak negatif berupa timbulnya infeksi virus HPAI H5N1 di zona tersebut. Kejadian infeksi virus tidak dapat diketahui secara pasti waktu terjadinya, tetapi risiko nya dapat diduga. Berkenaan dengan adanya kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit di zona sekitar kompartemen, maka perlu dilakukan penilaian risiko pemasukan virus ke zona sekitar kompartemen tersebut. Penilaian risiko ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi alur tapak risiko (risk pathways) terjadinya infeksi virus HPAI subtipe H5N1 di zona sekitar kompartemen, menduga besarnya risiko pemasukan virus HPAI subtipe H5N1 ke zona sekitar kompartemen dan menyusun kerangka penilaian risiko kualitatif pemasukan virus HPAI ke zona sekitar kompartemen., Directorate General of Livestock Services in collaboration with Subang District Livestock Services and poultry industry implements a compartmentalization system for commercial poultry breeding enterprises in Kecamatan Cipunagara. A key requirement for these farms is creating a buffer zone within radius of one kilometer surround the farm to minimize the risk of avian influenza infection into compartment. The objectives of the study were to identify the risk pathways involved and to estimate the risk of introduction of HPAI virus into zone. This study used expert opinion elicitation and focus group discussions to develop risk pathways. For each pathway, risk estimates were derived from information available in the literatures, results of recent studies conducted in Cipunagara, as well as expert opinion. The identified pathways were 1) commercial broiler chicken, 2) backyard poultry, 3) nomadic ducks, 4) resident wild birds, 5) fomites, 6) free-range animals, 7) water, 8) manure, 9) dead birds, 10) poultry products and 11) poultry feed. The assessment showed that under present conditions the risk of introduction of HPAIV into zone surrounding compartmentalized farms was high for commercial broiler, backyard poultry and fomites, medium for nomadic ducks, resident wild birds, and poultry products, low for water, manure and dead bird, while poultry feed were assessed as very low. These results provide a useful basis for the development of mitigation strategies.
Keyword: Epidemiology, Risk assessment, Poultry, Compartmentalization, avian influenza

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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