Judul: Rezim Air Tanah dan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca di Hutan Rawa Gambut PT. Rimba Makmur Utama, Katingan, Kalimantan Tengah
Abstrak: Peat swamp forests provide ecosystem services such as hydrological system balancing for the surrounding area which is characterized by its ability to maintain water level. Measurements of soil water rezime is important to understand its response of equilibrium greenhouse gases flux in peatland. In this research, water level measurements performed using HOBO U20 placed in the 4 observation wells. In addition, the CO2, N2O and CH4 flux measurements by the closed chamber method. Soil water rezime was affected by rainfall and peat soil characteristics including land cover types. Results showed that there was delay in peat to response the rainfall for about one month in the rainfall monthly analysis. Water level was negatively correlated with the CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, 0.75±0.06 gr/m2/hr (bush) and 0.46±0.02 gr/m2/hr (secondary forest) in dry condition. Methane (CH4) fluxes were higher in waterlogger peat condition reached 24.57±5.95 mg/m2/hr (bush) and 17.10±3.76 mg/m2/hr (secondary forest), while N2O did not show a significant affected by soil water rezimes.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), water level., bush, secondary forest, Gas flux

Judul: Dinamika Karbon Lahan Gambut yang Dibasahi-ulang Pada Berbagai Tutupan Lahan di Kabupaten Bengkalis, Riau
Abstrak: The deforestation and degradation of tropical peatland swamp forests (PSFs) followed by land conversion and drainage generate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This changes PSFs from carbon sinks to carbon sources, thus contributing to climate change. The rewetting of degraded peatlands is expected to control soil respiration, encourage regrowth, and transform these landscapes back into carbon sinks. In this study, experimental plots were established to measure the effect of peatland rewetting on three different land cover types (a reforested area, an oil palm plantation and a rubber plantation) following the clearing of PSF land in Bengkalis Regency, Riau. Carbon dynamics were assessed by measuring total ecosystem carbon stocks (TECS) and GHG emissions in these experimental plots before and after the rewetting of the landscape. Common tree species in the reforested area (including Ficus sp., Dyera polyphylla, Mezzetia parviflora, Callopyhllum teysmannii, Cratoxylon arborescens, Macaranga sp., Hevea brasiliensis, and Shorea uliginosa) have basal areas of 0.24 ± 0.02 m2 ha-1. Rubber trees in plantations have a basal area of 0.14 ± 0.02 m2 ha-1. The TECS were highest in the reforested area (3,983.08 ± 318.14 Mg C ha-1), followed by the oil palm area (3,523.90 ± 253.9 Mg C ha-1), and finally by the rubber plantation area (3,363.08 ± 207.8 Mg C ha-1). In the reforested area and the oil palm area, the proportion of heterotrophic soil respiration (SRh; 48.91 ± 4.75 and 54.98 ± 1.53 Mg CO2 ha-1 yr-1) to total soil respiration (SRt; 49.68 ± 6.84 and 55.71 ± 5.54 Mg CO2 ha-1 yr-1) was roughly 98% before rewetting. On the other hand, SRh (67.67 ± 2.13 Mg CO2 ha-1 yr-1) was slightly higher than SRt (61.36 ± 7.28 Mg CO2 ha-1 yr-1) in the rubber plantation area. Overall, this shows that peatland rewetting can reduce the CO2 flux in these three land cover types. Mean CH4 flux consistently increased after rewetting in the reforested area (-0.70 ± 0.28 to 0.84 ± 0.28 Mg CH4 ha-1 yr-1), oil palm area (0.37 ± 0.16 to 0.90 ± 0.61 Mg CH4 ha-1 yr-1), and the rubber plantation area (-0.57 ± 0.05 to 1.05 ± 0.37 Mg CH4 ha-1 yr-1). N2O flux in the reforested, oil palm, and rubber plantation areas was 0.12 ± 0.03, 0.15 ± 0.08, and 0.37 ± 0.12 Mg N2O ha-1 yr-1, respectively, and decreased to –0.06 ± 0.02, -0.10 ± 0.05, and 0.19 ± 0.07 Mg N2O ha-1 yr-1, respectively, after rewetting., Deforestasi dan degradasi hutan rawa gambut tropis (PSF) yang diikuti dengan konversi penggunaan lahan dan drainase menghasilkan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK). PSF sebagai reservoar kaya karbon berubah dari penyerapan menjadi emisi karbon ekosistem yang berkontribusi terhadap perubahan iklim. Pembasahan kembali lahan gambut yang terdegradasi sebagai bagian dari restorasi diharapkan dapat mengendalikan respirasi tanah, mempercepat pertumbuhan vegetasi, dan melindungi bentang alam agar tetap menyimpan karbon. Kami membuat plot percobaan untuk mengukur pengaruh pembasahan gambut di tiga tutupan lahan yang berbeda (kawasan revegetasi, perkebunan kelapa sawit dan karet) setelah konversi di Kabupaten Bengkalis, Riau. Kami menilai dinamika karbon dengan mengukur total stok karbon ekosistem (TECS) dan emisi GRK di tutupan
Keyword: Canal blocking, Carbon stocks, GHG fluxes, Groundwater level, Soil respiration

Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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