Judul: Analisis dan Pemetaan Indeks Kekeringan Meteorologis Menggunakan Data Satelit TRMM dari 36 Titik Stasiun BMKG di Pulau Sumatera.
Abstrak: Drought index criteria in a region can be determined by using a method that calculates drought index value of the region. SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) is a method that can be used to calculate the level of monthly meteorological drought in the region. Rainfall is the main factor affecting the meteorological drought. TRMM satellite provides estimated rainfall data that can be used to calculate the value of meteorological drought index in a region. Validation of estimated rainfall data with observation data showed a positive correlation at convidence interval 95%. Meteorological drought index value of Sumatra Island in 2001 to 2010 ranged from -2.51 to 2.67 indicating the criteria very dry to very wet. Mapping monthly drought index indicates the dominant drought occurred in June and July which happens almost every year except in 2006 on June and 2004 on July. The index also describes dry region in wet months such as November in 2001, 2004, 2006, and 2007 also December in 2001, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2010. Areas that often experience drought meteorology of the mapping are North Sumatera, Riau, South Sumatra, and Lampung. Very dry drought criteria in North Sumatra occurred in August 2004 and September 2005, with the region experiencing frequent droughts is part of the south and east of North Sumatra. Very dry conditions in Riau occurred in April 2005 and almost all regions of Riau showed drought especially in May, June, and July even drought also occurred in December, January, and March. Very dry drought criteria occurred in South Sumatra in March 2007 and December 2008. Drought in South Sumatra covers an area to the west, north, and south droughts often occur in May, June, and July. The whole area of Lampung experiencing extremely dry drought criteria in April 2005 and 2008, drought often occurs at the beginning of the year such as February, March, April and May.
Keyword: TRMM, SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index), Drought index

Judul: Meteorological  Drought  Index Based on ECMWF Model Corrected for Characterization of Potential Forest  and Land  Fires
Abstrak: The occurrence of drought in Indonesia is almost an event that occurs every year. This drought affects many sectors and tends to occur more frequently. Indonesia is in 4th position (behind India, Japan and China) with potential losses of up to US 50 billion from the top 10 countries in the Asia Pacific region that have the potential to lose due to natural disasters and drought. Drought tends not to have a universal definition. The impact of drought is generally non-structural in nature so that the area of impact spreads wider than the damage caused by other natural hazards. The potential for drought can also increase if regional scale climate phenomena such as El Nino and positive Indian Ocean Dipole Mode appear. Drought conditions that are getting worse have resulted in a large number of forest and land fires occurring. The incidence of forest and land fires has had a very significant impact. The total losses due to forest and land fires in 2019 borne by Indonesia reached US5.2 billion, equivalent to Rp 72.95 trillion. At least 900,000 residents have had their respiratory health affected, and have had operational problems at 12 national airports. It is estimated that 620,201 hectares of forest and land were burned with the impact of losses of up to US157 million in damage to assets and US5 billion due to lost potential from economic activity. Forest fires can be identified by hotspots which can be obtained by utilizing MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer) remote sensing measurements on the Terra-Aqua satellite and / or by utilizing Himawari satellite imagery. Observing the sequence of events as described above, apart from anthropogenic factors, from a climatic perspective it is very important to be able to know the conditions of climate dynamics that exist in Indonesia (and the conditions of the dynamics of the global climate surrounding Indonesian territory which affect the dynamics of the atmosphere in Indonesia) as one trigger point in the process of starting a drought which could have an impact on the potential for forest and land fires. By utilizing the numerical weather prediction model output from the ECMWF (European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) it can be used to identify potential drought. To reduce the potential bias from the model output, validation and correction are necessary. The output of the model was validated and corrected using the Piani method and the Brier Skill Score to the climate observation data in the field from 774 selected rain observation posts. This step produces corrected ECMWF rainfall data which has a high correlation of 0.7844 at the significant level α = 0.05 with an RMSE value of 87.6 on the observed rainfall data. This validation and correction results in an increase in the output performance of the corrected model. This is indicated by the monthly variability of rainfall, which is initially not detected to be detected, and the bias correction value is smaller. The output of the corrected ECMWF model is used to calculate the drought index using the SPI (The Standardized Precipitation Index) method to describe meteorological drought
Keyword: hotspots, ECMWF, drought index, peatland, Sumatra

Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography