Judul: Manfaat Ekstrak Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) terhadap Penampilan Reproduksi Mencit Putih Betina
Abstrak: Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch is a cushion plant which grows and distribute from Africa, Madagascar and South-East Asia include few islands in Indonesia, except to Malay Peninsula, Sumatera and Kalimantan. In Indonesian Province of Irian Jaya Barat, this plant is restricted to the area of Kebar valley (Kebar district, Manokwari regency) with altitude 500 – 600 m asl., and also known as the Kebar’s grass. This plant has been used by local people for many years as traditional drug through simple process for various health need. The objective of this research is to identify the chemicals content of the Kebar’s grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch), and its effect on appearance of the reproduction performance in female Mus musculus albinus. The chemicals content (amino acids, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals) of the Kebar’s grass extract were analyzed using proximate analysis methods. The periode of oestrus cycle was done by vagina’s smear method for 4 cycles (2 cycles before the treatment and 2 cycles during the treatment). Litter size was obtained by calculating of each female, and the body weight litter obtained by weighing. Eighty adult females (body weight mean 35 gram) were devided into four groups, consist of females and well be analyzed for (a) quality and quantity of embryos, (b) litter size and weight. Ten days before and during treatment (4 cyclus) all females were examined their oestrus cycle using vagina smear methods. After treatment all females were mated with male mice (ratio 1 : 2). Sign of mating was examined by the presenced of vaginal plug. Four days after mating ten females of each group were sacrisfie followed by early embryo collection; while ten other were breeded until partus to examine the litter size and weight. The experiment was designed by using completely random design with four treatments and ten replications. The data were analyzed by using analysis of variance and LSD was applied to compares statistical differences between each treatments. The results showed that the chemicals content of the Kebar’s grass extract are protein 7.35%, lipid 0.72%, minerals; Ca, P, 1.52% and 0.60%, respectively and 17 amino acids contains. The application of this extract with 0.090 and 0.135 mg/g body weight extend the oestrus length and increase number embryo, increasing daily gain, mean of litter size and weight; 63.60 ± 9.88 and 63.60 ± 5.80 hours, 8.71 ± 1.11 and 10.86 ± 1.68 cells, 0.35 ± 0.04 dan 0.31 ± 0.02 gram, 11.70 ± 0.67 and 12.90 ± 0.99 weigth and 1.77 ± 0.11 dan 1.69 ± 0.10, respectively. In conclusion, Kebar’s grass extract extend the oestrus length, increase quality and quantity of embryos, daily gain, litter size and litter weight. The oral application of the Kebar’s grass extract 0.135 mg/g body weight, is the best to can improve the reproduction performance of female Mus musculus albinus.
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Judul: Identifikasi dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Komponen Bioaktif Ekstrak Larut Air Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch.) dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Reproduksi Tikus Putih (Rattus novergicus).
Abstrak: Rumput kebar (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch.) adalah tanaman khas yang tumbuh secara alami dan tersebar di hampir seluruh wilayah Distrik Kebar, Kabupaten Tambrauw, Provinsi Papua Barat. Tanaman ini dipercaya oleh masyarakat lokal sebagai tanaman obat untuk mengatasi infertilitas (kurang subur). Pemanfaatan ekstrak rumput kebar selama ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ekstraksi tradisional dan efektivitas ekstraksi metode tersebut belum pernah dikaji secara komprehensif. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah mengkaji potensi tanaman rumput kebar sebagai salah satu tanaman sumber antioksidan dan ingredien pangan fungsional peningkat kinerja reproduksi. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengungkapkan atau mempelajari karakteristik spesifik dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak rumput kebar yang diekstraksi dengan menggunakan metode tradisional, (2) mengidentifikasi komponen bioaktif spesifik ekstrak rumput kebar dengan kemampuan antioksidan yang tinggi dan berpotensi sebagai ingredient pangan fungsional peningkat kinerja reproduksi dengan pendekatan metabolomik, (3) menguji pengaruh pemberian ekstrak rumput kebar yang diekstraksi dengan menggunakan metode tradisional terhadap parameter spesifik dari peningkatan kinerja reproduksi tikus jantan dan betina dibandingkan dengan pemberian vitamin C dan E, dan (4) menguji hasil perkawinan tikus jantan dan betina yang telah diberikan perlakuan ekstrak rumput kebar yang diekstraksi dengan menggunakan metode tradisional dibandingkan dengan pemberian vitamin C dan E. Ekstraksi metode tradisional dilakukan dengan cara merebus 30 g rumput kebar dengan 600 mL air (rasio 1 : 20), sampai volume campurannya menjadi 1/3 bagian. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan modifikasi ekstraksi, yaitu campuran yang diperoleh selanjutnya disonikasi, disentrifugasi, disaring, dan filtratnya diuapkan dengan rotavapor, kemudian dikeringkan dengan gas N2. Ekstrak kasar (ERK) difraksinasi secara bertingkat dengan heksana, kloroform, etil asetat sehingga diperoleh ekstrak fraksi heksan (FH), fraksi kloroform (FC), fraksi etil asetat (FEA), dan fraksi air (FW). Penelitian in vivo menggunakan ekstrak kasar (ERK) yang diberikan kepada tikus jantan dan betina dengan kontrol positif menggunakan vitamin C dan vitamin E serta kontrol negatif tanpa pemberian ERK, vitamin C maupun vitamin E. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen ekstrak rumput kebar (ERK) yang diperoleh menggunakan ekstraksi tradisional adalah 18,32 ± 0,01% dan mengandung komponen flavonoid, tanin dan saponin. Kadar total fenol ekstrak kering (DW, dry weight) ERK adalah 147 ± 1,24 mgGAE gDW-1, sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan dengan daya inhibisi, AEAC, TEAC dan nilai IC50 masing-masing sebesar 42,0 ± 0,047%, 69,93 ± 2,19 mgAE gDW-1, 65,70 ± 1,54 mgTE gDW-1 dan 0,258 ± 0,003 mg mL-1. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak hasil fraksinasi memperlihatkan FEA > ERK > FH > FC > FW. Aktivitas antioksidan (mgAE gDW-1, mgTE gDW-1) untuk ERK sebesar 69,93 ± 2,19 dan 65,70 ± 1,54 dan untuk FEA sebesar 185,35 ± 0,24 dan 140,64 ± 0,28. Nilai IC50 (mg mL-1) dari ERK dan FEA masing-masing sebesar 0,258 ± 0,003 dan 0,086 ± 0,006. Hasil uji korelasi antioksidan dan profil kimia dengan OPLS diperoleh FEA sebagai sampel dominan yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Sampel ini kemudian diidentifikasi dengan UHPLCMS/MS dan teridentifikasi 10 puncak kromatogram dominan yang diduga sebagai komponen bioaktif yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Tiga di antara puncak-puncak tersebut telah diidentifikasi jenis komponen bioaktifnya yaitu caffeic acid (pada menit ke-1,74) dan cassiaoccidentalin A (pada menit ke-1,95 dan 1,97). Temuan cassiaoccidentalin A ini merupakan temuan komponen bioaktif baru di dalam tanaman rumput kebar. Komponen
Keyword: Kebar grass, bioactive components, antioxidants, cassiaoccidentalin A, reproductive performance

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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