Judul: Combination Gel of Turmeric Extract and Gamat Gel on the Wound Healing Process of White Rats
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui khasiat dari gel kombinasi ekstrak rimpang kunyit dan gel gamat sebagai obat untuk mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka sayatan yang mudah diaplikasikan, praktis, dan efektif pada tikus putih galur Sprague-Dawley berdasarkan pengamatan patologi anatomi. Sebanyak 30 tikus yang digunakan dibagi ke dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 kelompok perlakuan. Kulit tikus dilukai pada sebagian sisi perut kiri atau kanan sepanjang 3 cm. Setiap luka kemudian diobati dengan perlakuan yang berbeda. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah kontrol negatif (gel plasebo), gel kombinasi ekstrak rimpang kunyit dan gel gamat dengan berbagai konsentrasi (0,5%, 1%, 2%), dan kontrol positif (salep komersil yang mengandung Centella asiatica 15%). Pengamatan patologi anatomi dilakukan setiap hari selama 21 hari. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan membandingkan perubahan yang terjadi secara deskriptif selama proses penyembuhan. Parameter yang diamati adalah ukuran luka, kedalaman luka, tepi luka, jenis eksudat, warna kulit, dan keberadaan rambut. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kelompok yang diberikan gel kombinasi dan kontrol positif memberi pengaruh lebih baik terhadap percepatan penyembuhan luka dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif yang hanya diberikan gel plasebo, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa proses penyembuhan luka dipercepat dengan pemberian gel kombinasi ekstrak rimpang kunyit dan gel gamat. Kelompok konsentrasi 2% memberikan hasil penyembuhan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kelompok konsentrasi 0,5% dan 1%., The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a combination gel of turmeric extract and gamat gel as a medicament to accelerate the healing process of incisions which is easy to apply, practical, and effective in white Sprague-Dawley rats based on anatomical pathology observations. A total of 30 rats used were divided into a randomized design with 5 treatment groups. The skin of the rats was incised on the left or right stomach along 3 cm. Each wound was then treated with a different treatment. The treatments given were negative control (placebo gel), combination gel of turmeric extract and gamat gel with variated concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2%), and positive control (commercial ointment contained Centella asiatica 15%). Anatomical pathology were observed every day for 21 days. Observations are made by comparing the changes that occur descriptively during the healing process. The parameters observed were wound length, wound depth, wound edge, exudate type, skin color, and the presence of hair. The results showed that the group that was given a combination gel and positive control had the better effect on the acceleration of wound healing compared to the negative control which was only given placebo gel, this shows that the wound healing process is accelerated by giving a combination gel of turmeric extract and gamat gel. The 2% concentration group gave better healing results compared to the 0.5% and 1% concentration groups.
Keyword: ekstrak, gamat, gel, penyembuhan luka, rimpang kunyit, turmeric, wound healing

Judul: Test the Effectiveness of the Combination Gel of Turmeric Nanoparticles and Sea Cucumber: Histopathological Study of Skin Incision Wound Healing
Abstrak: Luka adalah terputusnya kontinuitas jaringan kulit. Luka akan menimbulkan rasa tidak nyaman pada penderitanya. Penelitian ini adalah bagian dari uji pendahuluan untuk mengevaluasi aplikasi kombinasi gel nanopartikel ekstrak kunyit dan jeli gamat untuk proses penyembuhan luka sayat pada tikus Sprague-Dawley berdasarkan pengamatan mikroskopis. Kulit 10 ekor tikus jantan disayat pada bagian punggung. Perlakuan dibagi menjadi lima kelompok yaitu, kontrol negatif (P0), gel kombinasi 0,5% (P1), 1%(P2), 2% (P3), dan kontrol positif (P4). Pengobatan dilakukan setiap hari selama seminggu. Secara histopatologi, spesimen diwarnai dengan Hematoksilin-Eosin untuk mengamati struktur kulit dan AE1/AE3 untuk melihat ekspresi sitokeratin. Pengamatan dievaluasi pada hari ke-2 dan ke-7 pasca perlukaan. Parameter histopatologi yang diamati adalah keropeng, epitelisasi, dan neovaskularisasi. Data disajikan secara deskriptif melalui foto. Hasil pengobatan luka gel kombinasi hari ke-2 dan ke-7 menunjukkan luka mengalami penyembuhan. Penyembuhan pada luka yang diobati dengan gel kombinasi konsentrasi 0,5% paling baik dibandingkan pengobatan konsentrasi lainnya., Wound is a break in the continuity of skin tissue. The wound will cause discomfort in the sufferer. This study is part of a preliminary test to evaluate the application of a combination of turmeric extract nanoparticle and jelly gamat for the wound healing process in Sprague-Dawley rats based on microscopic observations. The skins of 10 male rats were cut 3 cm left lateral area. The treatments were divided into five groups namely, negative control (P0), 0,5% gel combination (P1), 1% (P2), 2% (P3), and positive control (P4). Treatment was given everyday in a week. Histopathologically, the specimens were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin to observe the skin structure and AE1 / AE3 to observe cytokeratin expression. The observations were evaluated on the second and seventh days post-injury. The histopathological parameters observed were scab, epithelial formation, and neovascularization. Data were presented descriptively through light microscope. The results of wound treatment on second and seventh day showed that the wound had a healing process. Healing of wounds treated with a 0.5% combination gel is the best among other consentration of treatment.
Keyword: jelly gamat, microscopic, turmeric, wound healing

Judul: Analysis of Unequal Income Distribution with Cobb-Douglas Production Function
Abstrak: This paper studies the economic growth model by Moav (2002). Moav model shows the existence of unequal income distribution between low-income with high-income community. That kind of unequal income distribution is caused by uneven distribution of income. On this Moav model, there is one area called the threshold. Threshold becomes a benchmark to determining whether a society is categorized into low- or high- income community. The production function used in this paper is the Cobb-Douglas function. The dynamics of this model is described as difference equation of low-income, threshold, and high-income community. Simulation study on the model is carried out using Maple 13 and Mathematica 7.0 software. Overall, from the observed case, high-income community will reach a stable condition earlier, followed by the threshold, and then the low-income community.
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