Judul: Pangan yang Terbuang pada Tingkat Rumahtangga dengan Status Sosial Ekonomi yang Berbeda (Kasus di Kotamadya Palembang, Sumatera Selatan)
Abstrak: Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pangan yang terbuang ("waste"), termasuk jenis pangan dan banyaknya di kalangan rumah tangga dengan status sosial ekonomi yang berbeda. Adapun tujuan khusus adalah mempelajari pengeluaran pangan dan non pangan, kebiasaan makan, keragaman pangan yang dipilih dan dikonsumsi, perbedaan jenis, jumlah "waste", tingkat "refuse", tingkat "edible waste", penanganan pangan, dan alasan adanya "waste" pangan di rumahtangga dengan status sosial ekonomi yang berbeda.
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Judul: Action of Household Food Management in Producing Food Waste (Case: Sukawening Village, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency, West Java)
Abstrak: Limbah Pangan merupakan masalah global yang dihadapi setiap negara. Besar volume dan ragam jenis limbah pangan yang dihasilkan, diduga kuat, erat berkaitan dengan perilaku (motif dan tindakan) para pengelola utama pangan rumah tangga. Metode penelitian yang dipilih adalah survei dan pengamatan terhadap para pelaku utama pengelola pangan rumahtangga (ibu/istri) pada Desa Sukawening di kabupaten Bogor. Responden 50 orang dipilih dengan teknik stratified random sampling. Hubungan antar variabel dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat korelasi antara tindakan merencanakan pangan dengan jenis limbah pangan rumah tangga dengan nilai korelasi 0,036 (<0,05), dan (2) terdapat korelasi antara tindakan mengonsumsi pangan dengan dan volume limbah pangan sebesar 0,025(<0,05)rumah tangga (3) terdapat hubungan antara motif tindakan dengan tindakan sosial pengelola pangan (4) terdapat hubungan antara lapisan rumah tangga dengan tindakan sosial pengelola pangan, dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,033(<0,05) pada tindakan perencanaan, 0,003(<0,05) pada tindakan penyimpanan, dan 0,034(<0,05) pada tindakan konsumsi dan (5) tidak terdapat hubungan antara ukuran rumah tangga dengan tindakan sosial pengelola pangan, terkecuali tindakan konsumsi dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,014(<0,05)., Food waste is a global problem faced by every country. The actions of the household food manager are based of various kinds of action motives. The research method chosen was a survey and observation of the main actors who manage household food (mother / wife) in one village in Bogor district. The sample respondents were 50 people selected by stratified random sampling technique. The relationship between variables was analyzed using the Rank Spearman correlation test. The results of this study indicates that: (1) there is a correlation between the action of food planning and the type of household food waste with a correlation value of 0.036 (<0.05), and (2) there is a correlation between the act of food consumption with the volume of food waste,with a significancy 0.025 (<0.05) (3) there is a relationship between action motives and social actions of food managers (4) there is a relationship between household layers and social actions of food managers, with a significance of 0.033 (<0.05) in the planning action, 0.003 (<0.05) for the storage action, and 0.034 (<0.05) for the consumption action and (5) there is no relationship between household size and the social action of food management, with the exception of consumption measures with a significance of 0.014 (<0.05)
Keyword: food waste, actions, motives, household

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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