Judul: The Effectiveness of Combination between Promoting Growth Bacteria, Bradyrlzizobiu11l and Nutrition Sources in Affecting of Soybean Vegetative and Reproductive Growth
Abstrak: In intensive agriculture, continuous application of anorganic fertilizer can decrease soil fertility. The purpose of this research was to evaluate : (1) the effectiveness of combination between Bradyrhizobium and PGPR in influencing nutrient uptake, vegetative growth and yield of soybean in the field, and (2) the effect of biofertilizer in liquid form and solid form in combination with various nutrition sources on growth and production. The experiment was carried out using randomized block design with 3 factors. The first factor was Bradyrhizobium application with 2 levels i.e. without Bradyrhizobium (RO), and with Bradyrhizobium (Rl). The second factor was PGPR application with 3 levels i.e. without PGPR (PO), PGPR in liquid form (PI), and PGPR in solid fonn (P2). The third factor was nutrition sources application with 4 levels i.e. without nutrition sources (NO), with 100% recommendation dosage of NPK fertilizer (Nl), 100% recommendation dosage of compost (N2), and 50% dosage of NPK fertilizer + 50% dosage of compost (N3). Every unit had 3 replications, so that the total experiment were 72 units. The result showed that the application between Bradyrlzizobium in combination with PGPR improved nutrition uptake, plant growth and grain yield of soybean. The higher increase of total macro and micro nutrition uptake was recorded from the combined treatment between Bradyrhizobium and solid PGPR (RIP2) which an increase by about 66,20%, and 41,40%, followed by combination between Bradyrhizobium and liquid PGPR (RIPl) by 39,17% and 16,20% as compared to the control. The combination RIP2 increased number of branches, plant dry weight, root dry weight, number of nodule, dry weight of nodule, number of pod, and seed dry weight/plant by approximately 31,33%, 50,87%, 48,17%, 207,68%, 185.66%, 78,7%, 83,69%, respectively compared to the control. The best treatment was resulted by RIP2N2, the combination between Bradyrhizobium, solid PGPR and compost 100% dosage. This treatment had the significant in increasing the number of branches, fresh weight, plant dry weight and root dry weight by 101,64%, 159,30%, 118,42%, 115,36% respectively. This treatment also caused the improvement of number of pod, and seed dry weight/plant by 163,64% and 174,73%. These result showed that the biofertilizer produced from PGPR have synergical effect with Bradyrhizobium to improve nutrient absorption, growth and yield of soybean.
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Judul: Addition of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria to Improve the Quality of Organic Fertilizer, Nutrient Uptake, Growth and Yield of Upland Rice and Maize
Abstrak: Biofertilizer is one of the alternative fertilizers that can increase nutrient uptake, plant growth and production. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the quality of organic fertilizer (compost) enriched with bofertilizer and its effect on nutrient uptake, growth and yield of upland rice and maize. This experiment was conducted using a Randomized Block Design with two factors of treatment. The first factor was organic fertilizer that consist of three levels: compost without biofertilizer as a control, compost enriched with biofertilizer, compost and biofertilizer applied separately on the day of planting. The second factor was the anorganic fertilizer consisting 2 levels: 50% and 100% of recommended doses. The upland rice var Situbagendit and maize var Bisma were grown on the field condition. The bacteria used as biofertilizer were Bacillus subtilis strain HU48, Pseudomonas beteli strain ATCC1986IT, Azotobacter sp. strain HY1141, dan Azospirillum sp. strain NS01. The compost enriched with biofertilizer had the best effect on most variables observed including nutriet uptake, growth, biomass, and production of both crops. This enriched compost increased macro and micro elements uptake of upland rice and maize. This treatment increased the production of upland rice up to 73% while the maize production increased up to 38%. Anorganic fertilizer increased significantly the macro nutrient uptake in upland rice but not in maize. In comparison with 50% dose of anorganic fertilizer, 100% dose anorganic fertilizer increased the plant growth and yield of upland rice and maize. However, this increase was not significant. The best treatment was showed by compost enriched with biofertilizer that was combined with 100% anorganic fertilizer. This treatment increased grain weight up to 109,28% of upland rice, and seed weight up to 41,18% of maize compared to control.
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Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii