Judul: Struktur Komunitas Invertebrata Laut di Kolom dan Sedimen  dengan Menggunakan Teknik Environmental DNA (eDNA) Metabarcoding  di Kawasan Terumbu Karang Raja Ampat
Abstrak: Invertebrate biodiversity monitoring activities carried out conventionally using direct fishing techniques and identification will be difficult, costly, time-consuming and can cause damage to the environment and communities. Previous studies related to biodiversity surveys of benthic invertebrate larvae have been carried out conventionally but it is difficult to identify them at the species level and only at the genus or family level. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a molecular biology technique that has developed rapidly because this technique has been successfully applied as a survey method for new aquatic organisms in aquatic ecosystem research and biomonitoring programs and management on a large scale. This study aims to determine the structure community using the eDNA metabarcoding technique by comparing the water and sediment columns at the protected reefs of Raja Ampat, Indonesia. A total of 66 eDNA samples was collected from water and sediment columns. The sample extraction process was carried out using a protocol from the commercial Kit NucleoSpinTM Macherey-Nagel and followed by a PCR process using universal eukaryote primers targeting the 18S gene then sequencing using the Illumina Miseq technique. The order of the taxonomy is done using QIIME2 software and the SILVA database. This study succeeded in detecting 13 species of invertebrates in the water column and 9 species of sediment using NMDS statistical test with a distance matrix Bray-Curtis similarity and Andonis test showed , the number of sequence readings in the water column and sediment was not significantly different (p > 0.05). Shannon Wiener Index (H ') showed the low to moderate category (1 <H' <3), and not significant different revealed for the No-take zone, utility zone and open access zone the Kruskal-Wallis test, (p > 0.05). Simpson's (D) index ranges from 0.12 -1. SIMPER analysis on the water column of the species that has the highest percentage contribution, namely Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (34.05%) and Littorina littorea (54.21%)
Keyword: Biomonitoring, genetic conservation, Invertebrate, Raja Ampat

Judul: Composition and Spatial Distribution of Zooplankton based on Environmental DNA (eDNA) in the Raja Ampat coastal waters.
Abstrak: Zooplankton merupakan plankton yang terdiri dari hewan-hewan kecil dan hewan-hewan besar yang belum dewasa, berdasarkan siklus hidupnya terbagi menjadi holoplankton (organisme yang bersifat planktic di seluruh siklus hidupnya) dan meroplankton (organisme planktic yang menghabiskan sebagian siklus hidupnya pada zona bentik). Komposisi dan distribusi zooplankton penting dalam rantai makanan dan pengelolaan ekosistem terumbu karang. Kurangnya informasi terkait zooplankton di perairan pesisir Raja Ampat memengaruhi kegiatan penangkapan ikan sebagai sumber mata pencaharian utama bagi masyarakat yang tinggal di wilayah tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui komposisi zooplankton berdasarkan DNA lingkungan (eDNA) serta menganalisis sebaran spasialnya di Kawasan Konservasi Perairan (KKP) Raja Ampat, berdasarkan pembagian zona yaitu Zona Inti, Zona Pemanfaatan Terbatas, dan Zona Lainnya. Pendataan zooplankton dilakukan menggunakan metode metabarcoding eDNA dengan target gen universal plankton (V9) dari 18S rRNA. Analisis bioinformatika dilakukan melalui QIIME2 dan divisualisasi serta divalidasi menggunakan program Microsoft Excel dan R. Sebanyak 18 titik pengambilan sampel air terbaca 53 Operational Taxonomy Unit (OTU) metazoa, diantaranya 33 OTU tidak teridentifikasi (unidentified) hingga taksa spesies dan 20 OTU teridentifikasi. Keragaman alfa dan beta tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan, holoplankton pada kelompok copepoda mendominasi taksa zooplankton di setiap zona. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat variasi habitat yang spesifik. Copepoda yang mendominasi adalah Paracalanus parvus pada Zona Inti dan Zona Lainnya, sedangkan pada Zona Pemanfaatan Terbatas didominasi oleh Corycaeus speciosus. Keberadaan copepoda yang melimpah pada Zona Lainnya dan Zona Pemanfaatan terbatas menunjukkan bahwa kawasan tersebut juga mampu menyediakan produktivitas sekunder secara kontinu, sehingga juga dapat diasumsikan bahwa ketersediaan pakan alami ikan planktivor dianggap cukup untuk menjaga kestabilan ekosistem di perairan pesisir Raja Ampat.
Keyword: eDNA, holoplankton, KKP, meroplankton, next generation sequencing

Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 sebagai Lapisan Penyerap Cahaya pada Sel Surya Menggunakan Metode Elektrodeposisi
Abstrak: Thin film of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an alternative semiconductor used as light absorber layer on solar cell. CZTS can replace silicon that commonly used as commercial semiconductor. The advantage of using CZTS as absorber layer is due to the abundance of its chemical composer on earth, and its high value of absorption coefficient. The absorber layer was made by using electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. The films were deposited at room temperature using potentiostatic mode with a potential of –1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. After that, the films were annealed at two different temperatures, 180 ºC and 500 °C, for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the polycrystalline thin film obtained fall into kesterite crystal phase. This type of crystal was obtained when the CZTS was annealed at 500 °C in H2S/N2 atmosphere. The value of optical band gap energy for the CZTS thin film was 2.2 eV with the film thickness about 1.228–6.366 μm. The sample of CZTS with electrodeposition time of 45 minutes and annealing temperature of 500 °C showed the best result and in conformity with absorber layers criteria for solar cells.
Keyword: semiconductor, ITO glass, CZTS thin film, electrodeposition