Judul: Pola Konsumsi dan Korelasinya terhadap Biaya Tagihan Listrik di Kota Tangerang Selatan Sebelum dan Saat Pandemi COVID-19 (Studi Kasus: Pelanggan PLN Rumah Tangga di Kelurahan Pakulonan)
Abstrak: Tangerang Selatan merupakan kota dengan jumlah pelanggan listrik kedua terbanyak di Provinsi Banten dan mengalami kenaikan tiap tahunnya. Hal ini menyebabkan tingkat konsumsi energi listrik di Kota Tangerang Selatan tinggi. Adanya pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan perubahan gaya hidup di masyarakat dalam mengkonsumsi energi listrik. Dengan adanya Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) tujuan ketujuh dan Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Nomor 13 Tahun 2012, upaya penghematan energi menjadi hal yang penting dilakukan agar akses pada energi terjangkau dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis pola konsumsi dan pengeluaran biaya tagihan listrik masyarakat Kelurahan Pakulonan pada sebelum dan saat pandemi, (2) menganalisis persepsi masyarakat dalam penghematan penggunaan listrik di masa pandemi, dan (3) menganalisis hubungan antara pola konsumsi dan karakteristik sosial ekonomi sebelum dan saat pandemi. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, skala likert, dan analisis korelasi pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola konsumsi masyarajat di tahun 2020 mengalami peningkatan, sebanyak 52% responden mengalami peningkatan biaya tagihan energi listrik pada tahun 2020, persepsi masyarakat berada pada wilayah sangat setuju, serta karakteristik sosial ekonomi yang berkorelasi signifikan adalah pendapatan, daya listrik yang terpasang, dan lama penggunaan kipas angin pada sebelum pandemi sedangkan pendapatan, daya listrik, dan lama penggunaan laptop pada saat pandemi., South Tangerang is the city with the second largest number of electricity customers in Banten Province and has experienced an increase every year. This causes the level of electricity consumption in South Tangerang City to be high. The existemce of COVID-19 pancemic has caused lifestyle changes in the community in consuming electrical energy. With the existence of the seventh objective of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 13 of 2012, efforts to save energy are important to do so that access to energy is affordable and sustainable. This study aims to (1) analyze consumption patterns and electricity bill expenses of the Kelurahan Pakulonan community before and during the pandemic, (2) analyze people's perceptions of saving electricity use during a pandemic, and (3) analyze the correlation between consumption patterns and social characteristics the economy before and during the pandemic. The method used is descriptive analysis, Likert scale, and Pearson correlation analysis. The results of the study show that people's consumption patterns in 2020 have increased, as many as 52% of respondents have experienced an increase in the cost of electricity bills in 2020, people's perceptions are in the regions strongly agree, as well as socio-economic characteristics that are significantly correlated are income, installed electricity, and length of fan use before the pandemic while income, electric power, and length of laptop use during the pandemic.
Keyword: Banten, energy, likert, behavior, perception

Judul: Economic Behavior and Community’s Efforts in Saving Electrical Energy in Bogor Regency (Case Study: Household Electric Energy Consumers at Pondok Kencana Permai Housing)
Abstrak: Kabupaten Bogor memiliki jumlah pelanggan rumah tangga tersambung energi listrik yang sangat banyak. Adanya perubahan gaya hidup di masyarakat dan perilaku penggunaan energi yang masih tidak efisien menyebabkan tingginya permintaan energi listrik. Sementara, dari sisi penawaran kapasitas pembangkit listrik dan kemampuan membeli energi masih terbatas sehingga menyebabkan tingginya frekuensi pemadaman energi listrik. Dengan adanya Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) tujuan ketujuh, Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Nomor 13 Tahun 2012, dan upaya Gerakan Hemat Energi “Potong 10%”, upaya penghematan energi listrik menjadi hal yang penting dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Menganalisis pola konsumsi dan biaya konsumsi energi listrik di Perumahan Pondok Kencana Permai pada sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19, (2) Menganalisis persepsi dan upaya masyarakat dalam penghematan energi listrik di Perumahan Pondok Kencana Permai, (3) Menganalisis korelasi antara pola konsumsi energi listrik dengan karakteristik sosial ekonomi masyarakat di Perumahan Pondok Kencana Permai. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, skala likert, dan analisis korelasi Pearson. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pola konsumsi energi listrik selama pandemi Covid-19 meningkat dibandingkan sebelumnya dan menyebabkan sebanyak 57% responden mengalami peningkatan terhadap biaya tagihan energi listrik. Sebagian besar masyarakat setuju dan sudah melakukan upaya-upaya penghematan energi listrik. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas memakai laptop, daya listrik, pendapatan, dan lama penggunaan AC berkorelasi signifikan dan positif terhadap biaya tagihan listrik, Bogor Regency has a very large number of household customers connected to electrical energy. Changes in lifestyle in society and inefficient use of energy have resulted in high demand for electrical energy. Meanwhile, from the power supply’s side generation capacity and the ability to buy energy are still limited, resulting in high frequency of power blackouts. The existence of the seventh goal of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 13 of 2012, and efforts to Save Energy Movement "Cut 10%", efforts to save electrical energy are important things to do. This study aims to (1) analyze consumption patterns and costs of electricity consumption in Pondok Kencana Permai Housing before and during the Covid-19 pandemic, (2) Analyze public perceptions and efforts in saving electrical energy at Pondok Kencana Permai Housing, (3) Analyzing the correlation between the patterns of electricity consumption and the socio-economic characteristics of the community in Pondok Kencana Permai Housing. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis, Likert scale, and Pearson correlation analysis. The results of the analysis show that the pattern of electrical energy consumption during the Covid-19 pandemic has increased compared to the previous one and caused 57% of respondents to experience an increase in the cost of electric energy bills. Most of the people agree and have made efforts to save electrical energy. Other than that, activities using a laptop, electric power, income, and length of time using AC have a significant and positive correlation to the cost of electricity bills.
Keyword: pearson correlation analysis, electrical energy, lifestyle, consumption pattern, likert scale

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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