Judul: Review of Urban Settlement Drainage System
Abstrak: Perubahan tata guna lahan pada perkotaan khususnya kawasan permukiman menyebabkan berkurangnya daerah resapan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ulang sistem drainase kawasan permukiman perkotaan. Hasil analisis debit rencana untuk saluran lateral berkisar 0,03 – 0,16 m3/dt, saluran kolektor berkisar 1,42 – 1,68 m3/dt, dan saluran sub utama 3,0 m3/dt. Kondisi fungsional saluran eksisting relatif buruk dengan adanya sedimen pada saluran. Hasil analisis/kaji ulang dimensi saluran lateral yaitu lebar dasar saluran (b) berkisar 0,13 – 0,40 m dengan kedalaman saluran (h) berkisar 0,33 – 0,60 m, sedangkan dimensi saluran kolektor yaitu lebar dasar saluran (b) berkisar 1,20 – 1,30 m dengan kedalaman saluran (h) berkisar 1,40 – 1,55 m, serta dimensi saluran sub utama dengan lebar dasar saluran (b) 1,75 m dan kedalaman saluran (h) 2,0 m. Hasil evaluasi saluran lateral terbangun menunjukkan bahwa beberapa saluran kurang memadai dan tidak memadai, sehingga diperlukan pembersihan sedimen dan peningkatan dimensi saluran lateral. Perlu dilakukan peningkatan dimensi saluran kolektor pada tiap DTA serta pembangunan saluran kolektor untuk DTA 1 dengan memfungsikan saluran lateral DTA 2 disertai dengan peningkatan dimensi saluran.
Keyword: Drainase, drainage, flood, review

Judul: Review of Urban Settlement Area Drainage System
Abstrak: Perubahan tata guna lahan menjadi daerah permukiman berdampak terjadinya perubahan pola aliran suatu kawasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ulang sistem drainase di kawasan permukiman kota, serta untuk menyusun alternatif penanggulangan genangan dan banjir. Hasil analisis debit rencana untuk saluran lateral berkisar 0.06 - 0.32 m3/detik sedangkan untuk saluran kolektor berkisar 1.027 - 1.822 m3/detik. Kondisi fungsional saluran terbangun relatif baik dengan tidak adanya sumbatan pada saluran. Hasil analisis dimensi teoritis saluran lateral yaitu kedalaman saluran (H) berkisar 0.45 – 0.80 m dengan lebar dasar saluran (B) berkisar 0.25 – 0.60 m, sedangkan dimensi saluran kolektor yaitu kedalaman saluran (H) berkisar 1.25 – 1.55 m dengan lebar saluran (B) berkisar 1.05 – 1.35 m. Hasil evaluasi saluran lateral terbangun menunjukkan bahwa beberapa saluran kurang memadai dan tidak memadai, sehingga diperlukan pembersihan sedimen dan peningkatan dimensi saluran lateral. Dimensi saluran kolektor terbangun pada DTA4 dan DTA5 ditingkatkan, sedangkan pada DTA1, DTA2, dan DTA3 perlu dibangun saluran kolektor baru dengan meningkatkan dimensi saluran lateral terbangun. Hasil evaluasi terhadap dimensi gorong-gorong menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas gorong-gorong tidak memadai untuk menampung debit rencana sebesar 6.61 m3/detik. Diperlukan pembangunan satu unit gorong-gorong baru dengan kemiringan dasar gorong-gorong 2%., Changes in land use into residential areas have an impact on changes in flow pattern of an area. This study aims to review drainage system in urban residential areas, as well as to develop alternatives to inundation and flooding. Results of the design discharge analysis for lateral channel from 0.06 - 0.32 m3/s while for collector channel from 1.027 - 1.822 m3/s. Results of analysis theoretical dimensions of lateral channel are channel depth (H) from 0.45 to 0.80 m with channel width (B) from 0.25 to 0.60 m while collector channel dimensions, channel depth (H) from 1.25 to 1.55 m with channel width (B) from 1.05 – 1.35 m. Functional condition of built canal is relatively good with no blockage in canal. Results of evaluation of built lateral canals showed that some of channels were inadequate and inadequate so that sediment clearance and an increase in dimensions of lateral channels were required. Dimensions of built collector channel in DTA4 and DTA5 are increased, while in DTA1, DTA2, and DTA3 it’s necessary to build a new collector channel by increasing dimensions of the built lateral channel. Results of evaluation dimensions of culvert show that capacity culvert isn’t adequate to accommodate design discharge of 6.61 m3/s. It’s necessary to construct a new culvert unit with 2% slope of bottom culvert.
Keyword: Culvert, Discharge, Drainage, Flood

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity