Judul: Macroalgae development as feeding stimulants for the adult sea urchin (Tripneustes gratilla Linnaeus 1758)
Abstrak: Development of artificial feed for somatic growth and gonad quality is one of the focus of research on sea urchin aquaculture activities. Palatability is important factor when developing artificial feed for aquaculture diets. This study investigated the effects of macroalgae (Sargassum polycystum, Gracilaria lichenoides, and Ulva reticulata) as feeding stimulants to artificial diets consumption and gonad profile for the adult sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla, by three feeding trials. Previously starved T. gratilla were held in replicated (3X) 50 L aquaria with recirculation water system (in the first feeding trial) and flow through water system (in the second and third feeding trial). In the first feeding trial, preference of T. gratilla for dried macroalgae was assessed in choice feeding experiment. T. gratilla displayed significant preference for the agar containing dried U. reticulata at 20% agar weight over nine other diets treatment when they were offered simultaneously. Total protein, energy and the ratio of protein to energy in the dried macroalgae had no correlation on agar consumption by T. gratilla. Three artificial diets were made by incorporating one of each of these dried macroalgae at 5% feed weight used in the second feeding trial. Although no significant difference in artificial diets containing dried macroalgae, urchins fed diets containing dried macroalgae consumed more than basal diet when they were offered as single diet. These results indicate that dried macroalgae added to the artificial diets act as feeding stimulants and increasing the acceptability of artificial sea urchin diets. The third feeding trial used dried U. reticulata as feeding stimulant to artificial diet. Data suggest that artificial diet containing 10% dried U. reticulata boosting feed consumption and significantly increasing nutrient accumulation, gonad index, egg diameter and fix gonad color.
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Judul: Population Dynamics of Sea Urchin (Tripneustes gratilla Linnaeus 1758) in Semerang Beach, Eastern of Lombok
Abstrak: Sea urchins (T. gratilla) is one of marine biota which has high economic value. Gonads of sea urchins usually call with “Roe”. Sea urchins roe can be used as a highly nutritious food. The sea urchins roe are a popular food and has very decent trade value, especially for the export of Japan, Korea, USA, Russia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, France, China. Utilization of sea urchin roe as food for coastal communities has longstanding in Lombok island. During the time period of the exploitation of sea urchin population without any caught control to save it sustainability. Over exploitation is one of the causes of declining populations of sea urchins in the wild. Therefore, the over fishing could be threaten the sustainability of sea urchins resource in the coastal of Lombok island. This research has four main objectives that include the following: (1) study about the spatial distribution of sea urchin (T. gratilla) and environmental factors that influence; (2) study about the population dynamics of sea urchin (T. gratilla), such as growth rate, mortality, gonadal maturation and spawning season, (3) determine the length at sexual maturation (Lm) and length of sea urchin T. gratilla that caught by fishermen, and (4) to analyze the status and the resource utilization level of sea urchin (T. gratilla). This result showed that 6 species of seagrasses has been found in Semerang Beach includes Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serullata, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halophila ovalis, Halodule uninervis, and Thalassodendron ciliatum. Seagrass vegetation types in Semerang Beach is mixed vegetation (mixed seagrass beds) were generally dominated by C. rotundata, S. isoetifolium and H. ovalis. Densities of sea urchin T. gratilla ranging from 1,07 to 6,32 individual/100m2 with uneven distribution and related to the depth of water and seagrass cover. The Result of analysis showed that sea urchins T. gratilla is alometric negative growth (b<3), rated slowly growth and has small infinity length (D∞ = 92,4, K =0,780 dan to = - 0,084). Result also showed the total mortality value of sea urchins is 3,78 year-1 with low natural mortality (1,13 year-1) and high fisheries mortality (2,65 year-1). Based on thes value, estimated of exploitation rate (E) is 0,70 that indicate the overfishing condition. Spawning peak and recruitment occur on June (25% spawning stage). Size at sexual maturation is fairly large (58,2 mm) and achieved in a long time (1,2 years). Numbers of fishermen ranging from 5 – 16 persons with catch amount ranging from 569 – 1598 urchins/period. Harvesting intensity reached 52 urchins/person/hour and diameter of harvest sea urchins by fishermen ranging from 48,5 mm – 89,1 mm with 67,3 mm mean size.
Keyword: exploitation, population dynamics, sea urchin, seagrass, Semerang beach

Judul: (Kasus Di Pt Sabani Internasional, Jakarta)
Abstrak: Kopi Sabani adalah salah satu divisi dari perusahaan perseorangan PT. Sabani Intemasional yang berlokasi di Jakarta, Indonesia. PT. Sabani Intemasional berdiri pada tahun 1993 yang bergerak di bidang perdagangan komoditas kopi dan kakao khusus untuk pasar lokal (dalam-negeri). Kegiatan perdagangan untuk pasar domestik berlangsung hingga tahun 1996. Pada awal tabun 1997, PT. Sabani Intemasional mulai melakukan perdagangan untuk pasar intemasional yang fokus kegiatannya pada komoditas kopi. Alasan utama perusahaan menfokuskan kegiatan perdagangan khusus komoditas kopi karena perusahaan ingin meningkatkan pelayanan terbadap rekanan bisnis (partner) mereka di luar-negeri.
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