Judul: Competitiveness in Indonesia: Which Province is the Most Competitive?
Abstrak: The issue of competitiveness is widely discussed topic in relation to the globalised economy. Globalisation has reduced trade and investment barriers between countries, leading to significant changes in market rules at both the national and regional levels. The impact of this globalization encouraged the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) to extend the definition of competitiveness into country and regional perspective, which is as the ability of an economy to manage its total resources and competencies to achieve long-term growth, generate jobs, and increase welfare (Bris et al. 2014). To succeed in the new market conditions, a sustained increase in competitiveness is necessary for the development of country in the current global economic environment. Examining regional competitiveness in Indonesia was motivated by the presence of the regional autonomy. Since the Indonesian government implemented a new regulation on regional autonomy, an intense competition between regions arising because the different regions have different resources and management abilities. This condition requires each region to have regional competitiveness (Lestari and Kurniawan 2020). Given that the global competitiveness rank of Indonesia published by the World Economic Forum (WEF) has decreased in the past several years and a few research of regional competitiveness has been conducted in Indonesia, this study aims to analyse Indonesia’s competitiveness at the provincial level. Regional competitiveness score and rank are calculated in this study as an endeavour to elevate national competitiveness by using 5-pillar development, which are economy, firms, government, infrastructure, and human capital. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is applied as an appropriate method to measure the regional competitiveness score assuming that the level of regional competitiveness is relative. This study produces three main findings. First, the regional competitiveness index scores for provinces located in Java Island are relatively homogeneous, ranging between 0.9 and 1, while the remaining provinces vary from 0.6 to 0.9. Second, the position of the top ten provinces with high level of competitiveness, the second ten provinces with medium level of competitiveness, and the remaining provinces remains unchanged after conducting sensitivity analysis. Third, the efficiency score of pillars determining the index can identify the strengths and weaknesses of a region, which has implications for budget allocation. Policymakers can utilise the third finding to determine the percentage of the budget that should be allocated to spending on different specific factors., Masalah daya saing telah menjadi topic pembicaraan yang luas sejak adanya isu globalisasi dalam ekonomi. Keberadaan globalisasi telah mengurangi hambatan perdagangan dan investasi antar negara yang menyebabkan perubahan signifikan pada peraturan pasar baik di level nasional maupun regional. Dampak dari globalisasi ini telah mendorong Institusi Internasional Manajemen Pembangunan untuk memperbarui definisi dari daya saing dari perspektif nasional dan regional, yaitu sebagai kemampuan suatu wilayah ekonomi untuk mengatur seluruh sumber daya dan kompetensi yang dimiliki untuk mencapai pertumbuhan jangka panjang, menciptakan lapangan kerja, dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan penduduk (Bris et al. 2014). Untuk bisa mencapai kesuksesan dalam kondisi pasar yang berubah tersebut, daya saing yang meningkat secara berkesinambungan dibutuhkan oleh negara untuk keberhasilan pembangunan di era globalisasi. Motivasi dari penelitian daya saing regional di Indonesia ini adalah adanya otonomi daerah. Sejak pemerintah
Keyword: regional competitiveness, DEA, efficiency, bootstrapping

Judul: Analysis of the Achievement of Inter-Provincial Development Sustainability and Its Determinants in Indonesia
Abstrak: Pembangunan membutuhkan sumber daya alam sebagai inputnya. Namun, akan terjadi trade-off antara penyediaan kebutuhan pembangunan dan pemeliharaan kelestarian lingkungan sehingga dibutuhkan konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan untuk mendeskripsikan trade-off antar sub-sub sistem pembangunan. Di era industri 4.0, pembangunan berkelanjutan juga memerlukan digitalisasi dalam mendorong perkembangannya. Tingkat pembangunan berkelanjutan secara global dapat dilihat dengan nilai indeks Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Nilai indeks SDGs Indonesia masih tergolong rendah dibandingkan dengan negara anggota G20 lainnya. Pembangunan berkelanjutan di Indonesia belum memiliki nilai acuan yang dapat mengukur tingkat pembangunan berkelanjutan setiap provinsi sehingga diperlukannya Indeks Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (IPB). Selain itu, perlu melihat hubungan dari determinan lain terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (IPB). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan menghitung tingkat pembangunan berkelanjutan antar provinsi di Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari analisis deskriptif, indeks komposit, dan analisis regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dari setiap dimensi pembangunan berkelanjutan antar provinsi di Indonesia. DKI Jakarta menjadi provinsi dengan capaian IPB tertinggi, sedangkan Provinsi Papua menjadi provinsi dengan capaian IPB terendah. Determinan yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap IPB adalah infrastruktur pendidikan, beban emisi, lapangan kerja, dan akses internet, Development requires natural resources as input. However, there will be a trade-off between the provision of development needs and the maintenance of environmental sustainability, so the concept of sustainable development is needed to describe the trade-off between development sub-sub-systems. In the era of industry 4.0, sustainable development also requires digitalization in encouraging its development. The level of sustainable development globally can be seen by the value of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) index. The value of Indonesia's SDGs index is still relatively low compared to other G20 member countries. Sustainable development in Indonesia does not yet have a reference value that can measure the level of sustainable development in each province, so the Sustainable Development Index (IPB) is needed. In addition, it is necessary to look at the relationship of other determinants to the Sustainable Development Index (IPB). The purpose of this study is to analyze and calculate the level of sustainable development between provinces in Indonesia. The analysis method used in this study consists of descriptive analysis, composite index, and panel data regression analysis. The results of this study show that there is an increase in every dimension of sustainable development between provinces in Indonesia. DKI Jakarta is the province with the highest IPB achievement, while Papua Province is the province with the lowest IPB achievement. The determinants that have a positive and significant effect on IPB are educational infrastructure, emission burden, employment, and internet access
Keyword: data panel, SDGs, indeks komposit, indeks pembangunan berkelanjutan, trade-off

Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 sebagai Lapisan Penyerap Cahaya pada Sel Surya Menggunakan Metode Elektrodeposisi
Abstrak: Thin film of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an alternative semiconductor used as light absorber layer on solar cell. CZTS can replace silicon that commonly used as commercial semiconductor. The advantage of using CZTS as absorber layer is due to the abundance of its chemical composer on earth, and its high value of absorption coefficient. The absorber layer was made by using electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. The films were deposited at room temperature using potentiostatic mode with a potential of –1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. After that, the films were annealed at two different temperatures, 180 ºC and 500 °C, for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the polycrystalline thin film obtained fall into kesterite crystal phase. This type of crystal was obtained when the CZTS was annealed at 500 °C in H2S/N2 atmosphere. The value of optical band gap energy for the CZTS thin film was 2.2 eV with the film thickness about 1.228–6.366 μm. The sample of CZTS with electrodeposition time of 45 minutes and annealing temperature of 500 °C showed the best result and in conformity with absorber layers criteria for solar cells.
Keyword: semiconductor, ITO glass, CZTS thin film, electrodeposition