Judul: Mempelajari Pertumbuhan Clostridium butyricum Pada Pati Resistan Beras dan Sagu Serta Profil Asam Lemak Rantai Pendek Yang Dihasilkannya
Abstrak: Beberapa tahun terakhir ini, kanker kolon menjadi perhatian masyarakat karena termasuk dalam 3 (tiga) besar penyebab kematian di dunia. Adanya peningkatan kasus tersebut mendorong masyarakat untuk lebih memperhatikan kesehatan saluran pencernaan. Salah satu cara untuk menjaga kesehatan saluran pencernaan dan mencegah kanker kolon adalah dengan menjaga pangan yang dikonsumsi serta menjalani pola hidup sehat. Pati resistan telah diteliti dapat berperan sebagai serat pangan dan prebiotik. Di kolon, pati resistan difermentasi dan menghasilkan asam lemak rantai pendek (SCFA) yang memiliki efek fisiologis bagi tubuh, terutama dalam menjaga kesehatan saluran pencernaan. Profil SCFA yang diproduksi tergantung jenis substrat, karakteristik substrat serta jenis bakteri yang memfermentasinya. Fermentasi pati resistan di kolon telah terbukti menghasilkan rasio butirat paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan serat pangan lain. Asam butirat berperan mencegah kanker kolon dan sebagai energi bagi colonocytes.
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Judul: Proliferation inhibition of HCT-116 colon cancer cell byfermentation product of resistant starch type 3 derived from sago and rice
Abstrak: Kanker kolon dan rektum (colorectal cancer, CRC), adalah pertumbuhan sel yang tak terkendali (neoplasia) pada daerah usus besar sehingga mengganggu sistem pencernaan secara lokal dan mekanisme fisiologis tubuh secara umum.Ada sekitar 1,2 juta kasus CRC pada tahun 2008 atau mencapai sekitar 9,8% di seluruh dunia.Sekitar 80% dari kasus CRC berkaitan dengan diet, 15% disebabkan oleh faktor keturunan sedangkan sisanya berasal dari faktor lain termasuk lingkungan. Keadaan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa CRC dapat dihin-dari dengan mengonsumsi bahan pangan yang sesuai. Pati resisten tipe 3 (Resis-tant starch type 3, RS3) merupakan salah satu komponen bahan pangan yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Pati tak tercerna (Resistant Starch, RS) didefinisikan sebagai fraksi pati yang tidak terserap oleh sistem pencernaan pada individu yang sehat. Ada empat kelompok RS, yaitu RS1, RS2, RS3, dan RS4. RS1 adalah pati yang secara fisik terperangkap di dalam matriks sehingga tidak dapat diakses oleh enzim. RS2 adalah granula pati mentah yang didominasi oleh struktur kristalin sehingga sulit dihidrolisis oleh enzim. RS3 adalah pati retrogradasi dan RS4 adalah pati modifikasi secara kimiawi. RS langsung memasuki usus besar (kolon) kemudian difermentasi oleh mikroflora yang ada di dalamnyamenghasilkan produk utama asam lemak rantai pendek (short chain fatty acid, SCFA,), yaitu asam asetat, propionat, dan butirat. SCFA terutama butirat merupakan sumber energi utama bagi sel-sel kolon normal dan mampu mencegah/menghambat kanker. Penghambatan proliferasi dan induksi apoptosis merupakan salah satu sasaran dalam pencegahan penyakit kanker.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite