Judul: The Potential  of Cinnamon as Feed Additive for Fish Feed
Abstrak: Pakan merupakan komponen penting dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan budidaya. Pakan memiliki peranan dalam mengatur pola pertumbuhan dan kualitas daging ikan. Pakan dalam kegiatan budidaya termasuk dalam komponen biaya utama yakni mencapai kisaran 60-80% dari keseluruhan biaya produksi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dibutuhkan pakan dengan kualitas baik, yang mampu meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan serta kualitas daging ikan. Peningkatan kualitas pakan, dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan komponen tambahan dalam bahan baku penyusun pakan. Kayu manis merupakan salah satu bahan baku tambahan yang secara umum telah digunakan pada pakan ikan beberapa komoditas budidaya. Penggunaan kayu manis dalam pakan didasarkan oleh kandungan sinamaldehid yang mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan memperbaiki kualitas daging ikan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu dilakukan pembandingan ataupun analisis seberapa besar efek pemberian kayu manis dan turunannya terhadap berbagai ikan dengan spesies yang berbeda. Sumber data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder yang berasal dari skripsi, tesis, disertasi, jurnal, serta berbagai literatur dari internet. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tiga metode antara lain, finding, editing, dan organizing. Pada studi pustaka ini jenis ikan yang di analisa adalah ikan patin, ikan nila, ikan gabus, ikan sidat, ikan lele dan ikan mas.. Nilai dosis optimum yang diperoleh pada masing-masing jenis ikan tersebut antara lain dosis 1% (ikan patin), dosis 0,01% (ikan nila), dosis 1% (ikan gabus), dosis 1,5% (ikan sidat), 0,1% sinamaldehid (ikan lele) dan 0,75% (ikan mas). Penggunaan kayu manis yang melebihi batas optimum akan berakibat pada penurunal laju pertumbuhan komoditas yang dibudidayakan., Feed is an important component in the implementation of cultivation activities. Feed has a role in regulating the growth pattern and quality of fish meat. Feed in cultivation activities is included in the main cost component, which reaches the range of 60-80% of the total production cost. Based on this, good quality feed is needed, which can increase the growth rate and quality of fish meat. Improving the quality of feed, can be done by providing additional components in the feed ingredients. Cinnamon is one of the additional raw materials that is generally used in fish feed for several aquaculture commodities. The use of cinnamon in feed is based on the content of cinnamaldehyde which can increase growth and improve the quality of fish meat. Based on this, it is necessary to compare or analyze the effect of giving cinnamon and its derivatives to various fish with different species. Sources of data used in the form of secondary data derived from theses, theses, dissertations, journals, and various literature from the internet. Data collection is done by three methods, among others, finding, editing, and organizing. In this literature study the types of fish analyzed were catfish, tilapia, snakehead fish, eel, catfish and carp. The optimum dose value obtained for each type of fish included a dose of 1% (catfish) , a dose of 0.01% (tilapia), a dose of 1% (cork fish), a dose of 1.5% (eel), 0.1% cinnamaldehyde (catfish) and 0.75% (carp). The use of cinnamon that exceeds the optimum limit will result in a decrease in the growth rate of the cultivated commodity.
Keyword: cinnamon, cinnamaldehyde, feed

Judul: The Adding Cinnamaldehyde on Feed for Growth Performance of Carp (Cyprinus carpio).
Abstrak: Sinamaldehid merupakan polifenol hasil metabolit sekunder tanaman kayu manis yang berperan dalam metabolisme karbohidrat dan menghambat deposit lemak sehingga performa pertumbuhan dapat meningkat. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan sinamaldehid berbeda dosis pada pakan terhadap performa pertumbuhan ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio). Penelitian terdiri dari lima perlakuan dengan tiga kali ulangan pada setiap perlakuan. Dosis sinamaldehid yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu 0 g kg-1, 0,5 g kg-1, 1 g kg-1, 1,5 g kg-1, dan 2 g kg-1. Ikan mas ukuran 8,82 ± 0,02 g dipelihara pada waring berukuran 100 x 100 x 200 cm3. Setiap waring diisi dua puluh ekor ikan mas (20 ekor/m2) dan diberi pakan perlakuan dua kali sehari secara at satiation selama 60 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan, efisiensi pakan, rasio efisiensi protein dan konversi pakan ikan mas yang diberi perlakuan sinamaldehid lebih baik dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan pakan tanpa penambahan sinamaldehid (P<0,05)., Cinnamaldehyde is a polyfenol from secondary metabolism of cinamon tree that functioned in carbohydrates metabolism and inhibit fat deposition that increase growth performance of carp (Cyprinus carpio). This research aim to analyze the impact of adding cinnamaldehyde with different dose on feed for growth performance of carp (Cyprinus carpio). This research contain five treatment with three replication on each treatment. The doses of cinnamaldehyde that used on this research is 0 g kg-1, 0,5 g kg-1, 1 g kg-1, 1,5 g kg-1, dan 2 g kg-1. Carp sized 8,82 ± 0,02 g were kept on dragnet sized 100 x 100 x 200 cm3. Each net filled with twenty carp (20 carp/m2) and get feeding two times a day in at satiation method for 60 days. The result of this research show’s that carp given by cinnamaldehyde treatment’s better and significantly different compared feed without cinnamaldehyde (P<0,05).
Keyword: ikan mas, Pertumbuhan, sinamaldehid

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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