Judul: The Effect of Mannanase and Cellulase Combination in Palm Kernel Meal Base Diet on the Growth of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio Juvenile
Abstrak: This experiment was conducted to study the effect of combination of mannanase and cellulase enzymes at a dose of 0,1% in the feed which made of Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) as an alternative raw material for the feed of common carp Cyprinus carpio. This study was divided into two experimentals : digestibility and growth. PKM were subjected to indirect digestibility experiments and chromium oxide (Cr2O3) at level 0,5% was used as tracer. The faeces were daily collected 30 – 60 minutes after feeding for 14 days. Dry matter and protein were used as digestibility parameters. Five experimental diets containing isoprotein (30,00%) and isoenergy (400,00 kcal GE/Kg) were used for treatments of growth performance of common carp juvenile. The treatment of experiments were A, contain 0,1% mannanase; B, 0,1% mannanase : cellulase, 0,075 : 0,025; C, 0,1% mannanase : cellulase, 0,050 : 0,050; D, 0,1% mannanase : cellulose 0,025 : 0,075; and E without enzyme addition. Completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replicates was used in this experiment. Common carp with an average weight of 5.77 ± 0.45 g kept in aquariums of 50x30x40 cm3 with density were ten fish each aquarium and fed tested diet at satiation for 50 days of culture period. Parameters evaluated were feed consumption, relative growth, survival rate and feed convertion. The results showed that fish fed diet A, B, C and D had higher protein digestibility compare to fish fed diet E. However, fish fed diet E had no difference growth response compare to the rest. It is concluded that PKM can be used directly to common carp juvenile feed without supplementation of mannanase and cellulase enzymes.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan wheat bran dalam pakan ikan mas Cyprinus carpio
Abstrak: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of wheat bran as a partial replacement of soybean meal and corn meal in the diet of common carp Cyprinus carpio. In these experiments, four experimental diets contained 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% wheat bran were used. In experiment I, a triplicate experiment was conducted using fish with an initial body weight of 23 ± 0,13 g. Fish were cultured in floating net cage with size of 2 x 2 x1 m3 at Cirata lake, with a density of 250 fish/cage. Fish fed on the diet at satiation for 60 days. In experiment II, the diets were subjected to indirect digestibility test by using 0,05% Cr2O3 as a tracer. Two groups of fish with an initial body weight of 6 ± 0,12 g and 50 ± 0,18 g were held in aquaria 60 x 40 x 40 cm3 at density of 20 fish/aquaria. Feces were collected daily, 60 minutes after feeding, feces collection were done for 15 days. The results showed that utilization of wheat bran from 0 to 30% in the diet was not significantly affected the growth performance of fish, including protein retention, feed efficiency and daily growth rate. Those growth performance were in the range of 20,16 – 20,69%, 35,79 – 38,63%, and 93,44 – 98,03% respectively. Regardless of fish size, it was also found that protein digestibility of the diet was decreased when wheat bran was used in the diet at level of 20% or more. Based on the calculation of the price of diet to produce 1 kg of fish, it was found that the diet contain 20% of wheat bran had the most lowest production cost. It can be concluded that wheat bran can be used as a partial replacement of soy bean meal and fully replacement of corn meal for common carp up to 30%.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh.
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. ,,,
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular.