Judul: Rancang Bangun Sistem Kendali Otomatis Traktor Roda Empat
Abstrak: Automation of four-wheel-drive tractor is an alternative of solution to the lack of manpower operator in the future. With the automated control system, the tractors can be operated without interruption as long as the fuel still available, workload and fatigue experienced by operators can be reduced, can also improve the accuracy of productivity, and reduce the possibility of overlapping while processing of land. In this current research, control of tractor is limited to the operation of acceleration pedal, clutch system, and steering systems. The main components of the control system consists of a DC-motor as a driving power transmission system that connects actuators, and sensors that monitor the position of the movement of the actuator position. These components were designed to work according to the steps of manually operation. Data research showed the system to function properly. Speed of the clutch lever operation until it reaches the point of maximum point is one second, and the release rate to the point of minimum pressure is two seconds. Average rotary speed of steering wheel to deflect to the right is the 7.40°/s, and for a left turn is 13.16°/s. Acceleration lever presses speed is 17.91 cm/s and the speed of release is 20.99 cm/s.
Keyword: 

Judul: Rancangbangun Sistem Pengendalian Tuas Pengendali Implemen untuk Otomatisasi Traktor.
Abstrak: Modern farming is indicated by the use of agricultural tools and machines that substitute human labor. In the process of land preparation, planting, plant preservation, and harvesting, the use of human labor has been reduced and replaced by agricultural machines. The objective of this research was to modify the implement control system for automatic land plowing. The design was using a sprocket-chain mechanism that was connected to the control lever, there after the lever could be moved in back and forward directions. The sprocket was rotated by a DC motor that was controlled by a micro controller passing through H-Bridge device, thereby the lever could be ascend and descend easily by changing the direction of DC motor’s rotation. A potentiometer had been used to measure the rotation angle as the output of the lever position. The scale change at the potentiometer was converted to a digital data by the micro controller and would be used as a feedback. At the field performance test, the prototype was tested to control the depth of a disk plow in a tillage operation using a 4-wheel tractor. The test result showed that, the control system could control the plowing depth in the average of 19 cm at the 350 ADC setting, and 13 cm at 450 ADC setting.
Keyword: design, implement, control, smart tractor

Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan