Judul: Tenaga Kerja Anak dalam Ekonomi Rumahtangga Miskin Dapat diterima sebagai syarat kelulusan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sains Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Masyarakat, Fakultas Ekologi Manusia, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Abstrak: It is widely known that poor household perform a lot of survival strategies to survive. The poorer the household the more complicated the strategy will be undertaken. The study tries to observe how poor household of utban area develop their survival strategies by using any means of “capital” including child labor as human capital in the family. The first objective of this research is to describe survival strategies that are used by poor household and the use of psychological situation of children labor via time allocation in the household. The second objective is to study the impact of the children worker usage strategies. The third objective is to overview the social impact of child labors. The research is conducted in Rawakompeni, Kamal Subdistrict, Kalideres District, West Jakarta. The research location were selected purposively due to fact that Rawakompeni is the one of the poor area in Jakarta. This research used qualitative approach and employed in-depth interview, observation, and literature study as methods. Poor households are usually faced by the problem of lack of asset and limited access to fulfill their economic needs. Poor household only had low quality of human capital as household resources. Because of that, they must take the advantage of their household resources and using them as a part of their survival strategies. Poor household in the city used kinds of survival strategies that including the use of child as a means of earning income. Children used their time to work and by doing so, they fulfill their household needs. It is concluded that children have a very important role in a poor household to survive economically.
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Judul: Pekerja Anak Dan Kontribusinya Bagi Pendapatan Rumahtangga. Studi Kasus Desa Cangkuang Kulon, Kecamatan Dayeuh Kolot, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: MasaIah kemiskinan berkaitan erat dengan tidak terpenuhinya hak•hak dasar masyarakat miskin dalam mempertahankan dan mengembangkan kehidupannya. Kemiskinan ini pula yang merupakan hal yang paling mendasari munculnya pekerja anak di Indonesia Dengan segala keterbatasan di dalam bidang ekonomi, rumahtangga-rumahtangga miskin di pedesaan Indonesia terpaksa harus mengalokasikan seluruh sumberdaya runahtangga yang mereka miliki, termasuk anak-anak mereka yang masih dibawah umur. Pergeseran mata pencaharian penduduk dari sektor pertanian ke sektor non pertanian (industri, jasa dan perdagangan) membawa fenomena yang menarik pada dunia kerja yang ditekuni oleh pekerja anak. Keterlibatan anak dalam dunia kerja mengantar kita pada permasaIahan-permasaIahan yang melingkupi merekaBagaimana pekerja anak bertahan dengan segala kondisi kerja yang tidak menguntungkan bagi mereka? Bagaimana upah mereka yang sangat kecil dikontribusikan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga? Serta. strategi nafkah apa yang digunakan oleh runahtangga-rumahtangga yang memiliki anak di bawah usia yang bekerja?
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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