Judul: Pendanaan Program Pensiun Manfaat Pasti dengan Metode Spreading Gains and Losses dan Modified Spreading Gains and Losse
Abstrak: Defined benefit pension plan is a pension plan that the benefit is decided at the beginning, while the amount of contributions fluctuate and depend on actuarial calculations. This report aims to explain the funding of defined benefit pension plan using spreading gains and losses method and modified spreading gains and losses method. The distinction between the interest rate of return on investment assumption with the actual rate of return in the spreading gains and losses method would affect the funding of defined benefit pension plans in the long term. In contrast, the distinction in modified spreading gains and losses method will not affect the long-term funding. Illustrations on this report are given using three cases, when the interest rate of return on investment assumption is less than the actual rate of return, when the assumed interest rate is the same as that of the actual situation, and when the assumed interest rate is greater than that of the actual situation. When the underfunding occurs, the contribution to be paid by participants of the defined benefit pansion plans will be greater than that of during the overfunding.
Keyword: pension funds, methods of gains and losses, interest rate, defined benefit pension, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Comparison of Actuarial Calculations for Retirement  Benefit Using the Entry Age Normal method and the Frozen Initial Liability  Method
Abstrak: Program manfaat dana pensiun diberikan sebagai timbal balik atas kontribusi yang telah diberikan pekerja selama masa kerjanya. Program manfaat pensiun merupakan investasi jangka panjang yang preminya dicicil selama peserta aktif bekerja. Program pendanaan pensiun dibagi atas dua macam, yaitu program pensiun iuran pasti dan program pensiun manfaat pasti. Penelitian ini membahas program pensiun manfaat pasti. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Entry Age Normal (EAN) dan metode Frozen Initial Liability (FIL). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan penghitungan aktuaria dana pensiun Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang mencakup penghitungan iuran normal dan kewajiban aktuaria. Hasil penghitungan menunjukkan bahwa iuran normal metode EAN sama setiap tahun dan iuran normal metode FIL berubah jika ada peserta yang keluar dari program pensiun. Nilai kewajiban aktuaria kedua metode meningkat setiap tahun meskipun terdapat anggota yang keluar dari program pensiun., The pension fund program is provided in return for contributions made by employees during their working period. The pension fund program is a long-term investment whose premium is paid in installments as long as the participant is actively working. Pension funding programs are divided into two types, namely defined contribution pension plans and defined benefit pension plans. This study discusses the defined benefit pension plan. The methods used are the Entry Age Normal method (EAN) and the Frozen Initial Liability (FIL) method. The purpose of this study is to perform actuarial calculations of civil servant pension funds which include the calculation of normal contributions and actuarial obligations. The calculation results show that the normal cost of the EAN method is the same every year and the normal cost of the FIL method changes if there are participants who leave the pension program. The value of the actuarial liabilities of both methods increases every year even though there are members who leave the pension plan.
Keyword: actuarial cost, entry age normal, frozen initial liability, pension

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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