Judul: Aplikasi Dna Barcode Untuk Identifikasi Jenis Meranti Dan Rotan
Abstrak: Meranti dan rotan merupakan jenis tanaman hutan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi dan ekologi yang tinggi. Keberadaan kedua spesies ini semakin terancam karena over-eksploitasi dan perusakan habitat. Upaya yang saat ini dilakukan untuk melestarikan sumber daya genetik meranti dan rotan sering mengalami kesulitan terkait dengan identifikasi spesies berdasarkan penanda morfologi. Oleh karena itu, kesalahan dalam mengidentifikasi spesies akan mempengaruhi pengadaan bibit berkualitas dalam program pemuliaan. Penanda molekuler, seperti DNA barcode dapat digunakan sebagai alat pelengkap untuk mengidentifikasi spesies secara akurat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkarakterisasi calon barcode, yaitu matK, rbcL, trnH - psbA, ITS1 dan kombinasi mereka untuk mengidentifikasi spesies meranti dan rotan dengan benar. Tiga kriteria yang digunakan untuk diskriminasi spesies, yaitu: i) perbandingan antara hasil identifikasi morfologi dan molekuler, ii) jarak intra dan interspesifik untuk mendeteksi barcoding gap, dan iii) pembentukan pohon filogeni. Lokus rbcL dan ITS1 memiliki tingkat keberhasilan tertinggi untuk amplifikasi dan sekuensing, diikuti oleh trnH-psbA dan matK. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa setiap kandidat barcode menunjukkan perbedaan dalam mengidentifikasi jenis. Pada tanaman rotan berhasil diidentifikasi pada level genus dan famili, sedangkan pada meranti pada level genus dan spesies. Lokus ITS1 dan kombinasi dari matK + rbcL pada tanaman rotan mampu memisahkan jarak intra dan interspesifik, akan tetapi tidak membentuk gap. Pada tanaman meranti trnH – psbA mampu memisahkan jarak intra dan interspesifik akan tetapi tidak membentuk gap. Selanjutnya, pohon filogeni juga menunjukkan bahwa setiap calon barcode mampu mendiskriminasikan data sampel penelitian, data dari GenBank dan out group, kecuali rbcL. ITS1 adalah kandidat barcode terbaik dalam mengidentifikasi rotan serta trnH – psbA merupakan kandidat barcode terbaik dalam mengidentifikasi meranti.
Keyword: DNA Barcode, ITS 1, Meranti, Rotan, trnH-psbA

Judul: Variasi Genetik Rotan Berdasarkan Penanda DNA Barcode matK, rbcL dan ITS Pada Pangkalan Data GenBank.
Abstrak: Species identification of rattan is usually done by assessing morphological characteristics. Along with the development of science and technology, biomolecular science began to be applied as a complementary tool identification, one of which is DNA barcoding technique. In the forestry both are still rarely applied as complementary to each other because of limited molecular data. This study was aimed to analyze the genetic structure of various rattan by three DNA Barcode markers that are available in the genetic database (NCBI), namely matK, rbcL and ITS. Data processing was performed using software MEGA and DnaSP. The results showed that markers of ITS have a longer sequence that is above 500 bp and higher GC content (%) 63.1% compared to the others. Constructed phylogeny trees do not show the most accurate marker in discriminating species because different species are still grouped into one clade. Nucleotide variation analysis was conducted to determine more accurate marker based on genetic variation approach to differentiate Calamus and non-Calamus. However, uncertainty in discriminating species was still observed.
Keyword: DNA Barcode, genetic markers, moleculer analysis, rattan

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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