Judul: Analisis pola kemitraan usaha PT.Astra Internasional dalam rangka pembinaan usaha kecil, menengaah dan aplikasinya pada bidang pertanian: Studi kasus Pola Subkontrak PT. Usbersa Mitra Logam dan PT.Adhi Wijayacitra
Abstrak: Kemitraan merupakan usaha yang membutuhkan komitrnen yang sangat kuat dari pihak-pihak yang terlibat di dalammnya yaitu komitmen industri besar untuk mengembangkan usaha kecil dan menengah menjadi usaha yang tangguh dan mandiri sehingga mereka dapat menjadi mitra usaha yang sejajar, kemitraan inipun harus didukung oleh komitmen usaha kecil dan menengah sendiri untuk mampu berkembang seiring dengan program perkuatan dan pembinaan yang diberikan industri besar. PT. Astra Internasional sebagai perusahaan yang sudah berpartisipasi di dunia usaha nasional dan intemasional berusaha mewujudkan komitmen kemitraan diatas sesuai dengan tujuan serta misi perusahaan Astra melalui pembentukan Yayasan Dharma Bhakti Astra beserta Program Kemitraannya. Penulisan skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola kemitraan usaha yang dijalankan PT. Astra intemasional dalam usahanya mernbina usaha kecil clan menengah dan untuk mengetahui peluang, ancaman serta kekuatan dan kelemahan dari masing-masing pola sehingga dapat diketabui pola yang baik untuk dikembangkan dalam membina usaha kecil dan menengah serta mengetahui aplikasi pola kemitraan ini di bidang pertanian. Data penelitian ini menggunakan data prier dan sekunder. Data yang dikumpulkan kemudian dio!ah dan dideskripsikan serta dianalisis secara knalitatif dengan analisis SWOT.
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Judul: Kolaborasi Kelembagaan Multi Pihak dalam Program Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah sebagai Salah Satu Bentuk Tanggung Jawab Sosial (Studi Kasus Program Pembinaan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah PT Astra International Tbk)
Abstrak: PT Astra International Tbk has implemented the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to give significant contributions to community development for the community welfare. PT Astra International Tbk bolstered with the spirit of triple bottom line concept, effort in generating sustainable development. The goal of this research is to understand the implementation of PT Astra Internasional Tbk CSR program and strategy participation of stakeholders that involved on the program, especially society empowerment. Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) establishment program is one of CSR programs held by PT Astra Internasional Tbk through Dharma Bakti Astra Foundation to conducting income generating activities. The objective of this research is: First, to know background of Small Medium Enterprise (SME) development as one of PT Astra International Tbk CSR Program. Second, is to analized how far the implementation social empowerment through SME establishment program effectiveness could increase benefits for societies. Third, is to analized the effectiveness of strategy participation of corporate and another stakeholders that involved in SME development program. This research used a qualitative approach with the strategy of case study, to know about SME development and participation of stakeholders that involved on the program. The result of this research are that PT Astra Internasional Tbk has some CSR programs which are directly done or done by a foundation. Based on the analysis, entirely the establishment program has some benefits of an improved life quality particularly income generating activities for the established SME.
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Judul: Virological and Immunological Studies of Dengue Virus Infection in Pigtail Macaques (Macaca nemestrina).
Abstrak: Dengue virus infections have caused a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The geographical distribution, the frequency of epidemic cycle and the number of cases have been increasing at an alarming rate and highlighted the urgency of DEN vaccine (WHO 2005; Raviprakash et al. 2009). The clinical manifestations of DEN infections range from mild dengue fever (DF) with high fever, headache, rash, and bone and muscle pain up to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) with evidence of thrombocytopenia, bleeding, plasma leakage and shock. The severe manifestation cause a high mortality rate particularly in children (WHO 2005). Since the 1980s, epidemiological data revealed that 85% of DHF and DSS were heterologous secondary infections and immunopathological response to heterologous secondary infection has been hyphothesized leading to DHF pathogenesis (Halstead 1983). Antibody produced following primay DEN infection confers the protection to homologous infection, however, heterologous secondary infection may still occur. The pre-existing, non-neutralizing antibodies binds DEN viruses and these complexes, then bind the target cells via the FcγRI and FcγII, resulting in increased viral load, shortened incubation period and increased disease severity (Fink et al. 2006). Meanwhile, DEN specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are suggested to have a low binding affinity for the current serotype, and consequently, inefficient to clear the infection (Fink et al. 2006). The limitations of DEN study in human have hampered the understanding of these two components of adaptive immunity, antibody and T lymphocyte, in the pathogenesis of DHF.
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