Judul: Validation Of Commercial Eia Kit For Analysis Of Hormone Estradiol And Progesterone in Female Kacang Goat (Capra hircus)
Abstrak: Enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) is a technique that connects the specificity of antibodies with the enzymatic test sensitivity or antigen attached to the enzyme by regular spectrophotometer. Analysis using EIA technique has been proved suitable to replace the radio immunoassay (RIA) technique which has many weaknesses. There are several commercial EIA hormone kit products that can be used nowadays to test the concentration of the hormone, but not any of the products which can be used as a reference. The aims of this study was to determine the feasibility of commercial EIA hormone kits for human estradiol and progesterone whether can be used or not for monitoring reproductive status of kacang goat. This study used 3 female kacang goats 2–3 years old, healthy, have regular estrous cycles, fertile and unpregnant. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein using a 21 G venoject every two days and sample collection was intensified every day prior to heat. Blood plasma stored at -20ºC until the analyse. Ultrasound is used to check the female reproductive organs (ovaries) during blood sampling. Hormone assay validation was conducted through laboratory validation and biologycal validation. Laboratory validation was carried out by measuring accuracy, sensitivity and precision. Comparison between hormone profile and morphologycal change and USG picture of the ovary was used as biologycal validation. Parallelism test showed that sample curve was parallel with standard curve of E2 and P4 of DRG commercial kit, in contrast GBC commercial kit was not parallel. The lowest hormone concentration of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) at 90% binding was 25 pg/mL and 0.14 ng/mL in DRG kit. Coefficient variation of intra- and interassay for both DRG EIA commercial kits were less than 10%. Goat 5 and 9 did not show estrus cycle with hormone profiles appear flat. Goat 7 showed irregular estrous cycles, with only finding of progesterone profile of one cycle during 62 days of observation, although it did not coincide with profiles of estradiol on the cycle. Progesterone concentrations during the luteal phase ranged from 3.6-42.8 ng/mL. Concentration appears to increase significantly at day 4 after ovulation was observed and reached a peak on day 6 to day 14 with a concentration of 19.2-42.8 ng / mL before decreased dramatically by the end of the cycle. It can be concluded that the P4 DRG EIA kit is suitable and can be used for monitoring the reproductive status by measuring plasma samples female kacang goat, but not compatible for E2 EIA DRG. While E2 and P4 EIA kits GBC can not be used to analyze hormones E2 and P4 from blood samples of kacang goat.
Keyword: EIA, estradiol, progesterone, kacang goat, ultrasound

Judul: Penentuan Estrus Melalui Gambaran Sitologi Ulas Vagina dan Hubungannya dengan Gejala Klinis Estrus pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah
Abstrak: The aims of this study was to determine estrous time of Etawah cross breed (ECB) goats through vaginal cytology profile and its correlation with clinical signs of estrous following prostaglandin administration and during the natural estrous cycle. Fifteen does were each administered with 7.5 mg prostaglandin to get a synchronized estrous response and onset of estrous. The does showing estrous response were also observed during the next estrous cycle (natural estrous cycle). Vaginal cytology profile and the correlation with clinical signs of estrous were observed when standing heat sign were visible. The result showed that the average estrous cycle was 19.7 days (18-23 days) with the duration of estrus period was 54 hours (24-72 hours). The response of estrous after prostaglandin administration was 60% of ECB with the onset of estrus was 78.6 hours (72-84 hours) and the duration of estrus was 44 hours (12-60 hours). Clinical signs of estrous were standing when ridden and vulva sign (swollen and redden vulva, vaginal discharge) generally showed moderate intensity (++). The presence of large number of superficial cells (45-53%) and small number of parabasal cells (5-8%) could be used to determine of estrous, however, it couldn’t be used alone to determine of optimal mating time. Determination of optimal mating time should be based on a combination observation of standing heat sign, clinical signs of estrus, and vaginal cytologic profile.
Keyword: Prostaglandin, Etawah cross breed, Vaginal cytology, Estrous signs, Estrous cycle

Judul: Penegakkan hukum dalam penanganan perampokan bersenjata (armed robbery) terhadap kapal laut di alur pelayaran internasional Selat Malaka
Abstrak: Selat Malaka adalah sebuah selat yang terletak di antara Semenanjung Malaysia di Malaysia, Pulau Sumatra di Indonesia, dan bergabung di bagian ujung sebelah selatan di Singapura. Selat Malaka dari segi ekonomi dan strategis merupakan salah satu jalur pelayaran terpenting di dunia.
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