Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: This research was designed to establish a model for population management for javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus), a critically endangered species inhabiting Ujung Kulon National Park. Population increase by 3% every year had been assigned by the Ministry of forestry and this rate of population increase heavily relied on the ability of this species to survive and to reproduce naturally. The habitat of the rhino has conditions that were not always favourable to the rhinos and these conditions could potentially trigger stress for these animals. The research was divided into three stages consisting of analysis of nutritions and digestibility profiles of three male rhinoceros, analysis of relationship between stress levels on hormone profile of these animals, and stress induction to model animals. Two horses were selected as models for stress on rhinoceros, as the stress induction could not be done on the rhinoceros directly due to their small numbers worldwide; thus designated as a criticaly endangered species. The results of this research showed that the feed profile directly correlated with the home range and the vegetation structure around each individual rhinoceros and there were indications that the rhinos experienced feed deficit in quantity and quality. Analysis using 3α, 11β-dihydroxy-CM as an indicator of glucocorticoid stress hormon levels suggested that the rhinos experienced greater stress during the dry season when the water source was significantly depleted. This fact was also consistent with the result from stress induction on horse as model animal suggesting that feed deficit created acute type stress while water deficit created a chronic type stress. Compilations of the results from the research stages were formulated into a model of population management for javan rhinoceros with recommendations such as: habitat enrichment using feed plants high in protein (Moringa citrifolia, Callicarpa longifolia, Chisocheton microcarphus), high in fat (Alstonia angustiloba, Callicarpa longifolia, Macaranga spp), high in energy (Derris thyorsifolia, Pterospermum javanicum, Percampyulus glances) with density of 15 per hectare (tree form) to 5,406 per hectare (seedling form); water availability can be enhanced by replenishing feed plants high in water contents such as: Paederia scandens, Alstonia scholaris, Costus speciosus, as well as maintaining access and trais to water sources that were available year round. The use of 3α, 11β- dihydroxy-CM needs to be validated using biological and chemical measures to investigate its potential use in monitoring stress levels of javan rhinos in the wild; horse can be used as relevant model animal for research in stress and its implications to the javan rhinoceros.
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Judul: Sebaran spasial dan model kesesuaian habitat badak jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822) di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon
Abstrak: Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822) is the most critically endangered species (IUCN 2008). Currently, javan rhino distribution is limited to Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), Indonesia. Natural disasters, disease, poaching, encroachment and competition are threats to javan rhino population, hence it is necessary to establish pockets of habitats outside the UKNP which should be based on a study of the spatial distribution and habitat selection by the javan rhino in UKNP as actual habitat. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop a habitat suitability models based on the utilization distribution by javan rhino in UKNP. The specific objectives are: 1) to determine the utilization distribution and habitat selection index by javan rhino in UKNP, 2) to identify dominant habitat components that determine the presence of javan rhinoceros in UKNP, and 3) to build a habitat suitability model for javan rhino. The study was carried out in Management Section II area of UKNP, Pandeglang District, Banten Province. The results showed that javan rhinos were mostly occupied areas comprised of swampy shrub (w = 2.197) and shrub (w = 2.012), relatively open habitat (w = 4.233), flat slope (w = 1.313) and sloping areas (w = 1.007), lowland (w = 1.346), close to river (w = 1.087), close to road network (w = 1.395), close to coastal beaches (w = 1.862), close to wallowing areas (w = 3.709) and close to rumpang (open area) (w = 3.783). These indicated that javan rhino selected and had preferences for its habitat. The other results found that there were eight components identified to be the crucial for javan rhino habitat and appropriate for spatial modeling of habitat suitability, i.e. distance from the road, distance from the wallow, distance from the river, distance from the beach, distance from the rumpang (open area), slope, elevation and leaf area index. Dominant factor influencing the frequency of the javan rhino are slope, distance from the rumpang, distance from the wallow and distance from the beach (P<0,005; R2 81,4%). Spatial model of habitat suitability result 11% patches of low suitability, 23,7% patches of moderate suitability and 65,2% patches of high suitability. The validity of the model was 88,6%.
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Judul: Pembuatan dan karakterisasi Field Effect Transistor (FET) berbasis Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) untuk detektor cahaya tampak
Abstrak: Sensor cahaya dapat dibuat dari logam, oksida logam, polimer konduktif organic,semikonduktor. Sensor cahaya dari bahan semikonduktor memiliki kelebihan dalam menunjukkan sensitivitas serta dapat digunakan pada suhu ruang. Cadmium sulfide sebagai lapisan aktif dari sensor field effect transistor (FET) sensitif dalam merespon cahaya. Terdapat 3 lapisan utama pada sensor sensor FET yaitu lapisan silikon tipe-p, lapisan SiO2, dan lapisan aktif CdS. Setiap lapisan mempunyai karakteristik dan fungsi yang berbeda-beda. Lapisan SiO2 terbentuk saat dipanaskan pada suhu 1000oC dengan pemberian gas oksigen. Hasil ini dapat terlihat secara kasat mata, yaitu terjadi perubahan warna pada subtrat dari warna abu-abu menjadi kuning keemasan. Deposisi lapisan CdS yang dibuat dengan metode chemical bath deposition (CBD) pada suhu 70oC menghasilkan lapisan berwarna kuning di atas subtrat silikon yang telah dioksidasi. Pemilihan waktu dan suhu saat deposisi sangat mempengaruhi sifat dan morfologi lapisan CdS yang dihasilkan. Daerah serapan cahaya dari lapisan CdS berada pada kisaran panjang gelombang 450-550 nm dengan nilai selah energi sebesar 2,46 eV. Pada karakteristik I-V sensor FET, arus drain-source dipengaruhi oleh tegangan gate yang diberikan. Semakin besar tegangan gate yang diberikan maka semakin besar pula arus drain-source yang dihasilkan. Respon sensor FET terhadap cahaya memperlihatkan bahwa apabila sensor diberikan cahaya maka terjadi peningkatan arus drain-source akibat adanya penurunan resistansi lapisan CdS. Respon dinamik sensor FET memperlihatkan adanya perubahan tegangan output saat diberikan cahaya. Terjadi penurunan tegangan output saat diberikan cahaya pada setiap peningkatan intensitas. Sensor FET memiliki waktu respon sekitar 0,9 detik dan waktu pemulihan sekitar 1,3 detik.
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