Judul: Induction of haploid callus through anther cultured on citrus sp.
Abstrak: Anther culture is one method to produce haploid callus and plants. By the doubling of their chromosome, double haploid plants can be generated and used to produce F1 hybrids. Haploid callus can also be used as tissues for somatic hybriditation to produce triploid Citrus and other non-conventional breeding program. The objective of this research were to study microspore development of four Citrus spesies (Tangerine Garut, Tangerine Batu 55, Siam and Pamelo), effect of cold pretreatment, media type, and plant growth regulator on of callus induction from citrus anther. The development of microspores can be seen by measuring the ratio of the size of the sepals and petals flower. Microspores that have high percentage of uninukleat given different levels cold pretreatment to improve the ability to form callus. After treated with cold pretreatment, callus was induced with various formulations of media, resulting haploid callus then carried out chromosome counting. The results shown that the microspore uninucleat was highest (78,2% to 91,4%) in medium-size flowers with a ratio of the sepal: petal (1:4 - 2:6) mm in flower Tangerine Garut, Tangerine Batu 55, Siam Citrus, and (6:14 - 6:17) mm in flower Pamelo. Microspores uninucleat in Garut citrus flowers ranged from 78.2 to 91.4%, at tangerine Batu 55 flowers ranged from 78.2 to 85.6%, the citrus flower Siam from 79.4 to 90.5%, and citrus flower Pamelo ranged from 78.2 to 85.4% of the take total microspores. Cold pretreatment of anther for 5 days was able to inducted callus citrus keprok Garut up to 2%. MT medium + 3 mg / l BAP + 500 mg / l extract malt on solid media were able to induce callus 14.5% in tangerine Batu 55, while the treatment of liquid media is only able to induce callus up to 4.5%, and solid + liquid media treatments able to induce callus 3.6%. The data is observed when the culture aged 6 weeks after planting. The best medium to induce callus Siam Citrus are MT medium + 3 mg / l 2,4-D + 500 mg / l extract malt, is able to induce callus up to 1,6%. MT medium with 3 mg/l BAP and with 1 mg/l NAA was able to induce callus Pamelo up to 2,6%. Chromosome counting is performed to determine ploidy level of callus produced. The result showed that all chromosome of the anther derived callus was 9 as half of diploid chromosome.
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Judul: Study Regeneration of Tengerine Citrus Batu 55 (Citrus reticulata) Through Somatic Embryogenesis Path Way
Abstrak: The global world market of citrus fruit that is consumed in fresh form to the current needs to fill a category of fruit that do not have seeds, easy to peel and has an attractive color (pigmented). Tangerine citrus Batu 55 is one of the mainstay of fresh fruit horticulture. Tangerine citrus Batu 55 has superior character who naturally have had so distinguished by citrus Siam but the characters are not as good as tangerine imports. Somatic embryogenesis is an important tool for supplying new varieties to be used cultivar genetic improvement programs in citrus, this technology has been extensively used and has many important implications. The objective of this research is to produce somatic embryos of Tangerine citrus Batu 55 from nucellar embryo. The research comprised: embryogenic callus induction, callus prolifertation, maturation of somatic embryo, germination of somatic embryo, shoot multiplication, roots induction, chromosome counting, acclimatization and grafting. The results showed that the medium of Murashige & Tucker + 3 mg/l BAP + 1 mg/l 2,4-D + 500 mg /l malt extract increased the percentage of the callus formation up to 40% after 4 weeks with total number of pre-embryos (PEM ) 31.0. The medium proliferation used was MS with the addition of vitamin Morell & Wetmore (MW) +3 mg/l BAP+300 mg/l casein hydrolisat. These medium improved callus diameter up to 2.3 mm after 4 weeks cultured. Maturation of embryos was obtained by transferring globular structure in the medium MW + 2.5 mg/l ABA + 500 mg/l malt extract. These medium increased the percentage of mature somatic embryo up to 98% after 4 weeks cultured. Somatic embryos up to 84% germinated when the cotyledons grown in the medium MW + 2.5 mg/l GA3. The shoot multiplication containing MW medium + 7 mg/l biotin +500 mg/l malt extract was able to produce the highest percentage of shoot multiplication up to 86 %. The root induction containing MS medium + 3 mg/l IBA was able to produce the highest percentage of root induction up to 86%. Acclimatization of plantlets with roots increased survival rate up to 90% after 5 weeks acclimatization.
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Judul: igenvalues and Eigenvectors of Tridiagonal Matrix with Non Constant and Recurrent Diagonal Entries.
Abstrak: Matriks tridiagonal adalah suatu matriks yang mempunyai entri-entri bernilai nol kecuali pada diagonal utama, di bawah diagonal utama (subdiagonal) dan di atas diagonal utama (superdiagonal). Entri pada diagonal utama tidak konstan dan berulang. Setiap entri pada matriks tridiagonal ini adalah bilangan kompleks. Dalam karya ilmiah ini, akan dibuktikan 3 teorema untuk menentukan nilai eigen dengan 2 kasus dan 1 teorema untuk menentukan vektor eigen. Teorema pertama menentukan polinomial karakteristik dari matriks tridiagonal. Polinomial karakteristik dari matriks tridiagonal tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan nilai eigen pada teorema kedua dan ketiga serta menentukan vektor eigen pada teorema keempat
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