Judul: Pengaruh isolasi terhadap dianmika struktur komunitas serangga dan keanekaragaman Hymenoptera parasitika dalam konteks waktu pada sistem agroforestri perkebunan kakao di tepi Taman Nasional Lore Lindu, Sulawesi Tengah
Abstrak: Effects of isolation on insect comunity strusture as well as diversity and abundance of parasitic Hymenoptera in cacao agroforestry systems were studied between February 2003 and April 2003. The research focused on two main aspect: (Chapter IV) effects of isolation of agroforestry system from remaining forest on temporal dynamic of insect communities in general, (Chapter V) temporal and spatial dynamic of parasitic Hymenoptera of cacao agroforestry system.
Keyword: 

Judul: Perubahan Struktur dan Keanekaragaman Coleoptera pada Sistem Agroforestri Kakao: Pengaruh Umur dan Tataguna Lahan di Daerah Lore Lindu, Sulawesi Tengah
Abstrak: The conversion of forest to agricultural areas is usually associated with loss in biodiversity and its associated ecosystem services. However, some agricultural system such as agroforestry can conserve biodiversity through supporting suitable habitat which are similar to natural condition. The aim of this research is to study community structure of Coleoptera in cacao agroforestry system with emphasize on the effect of age and habitat condition surrounding cacao plantation. Ecological research was conducted in cacao plantation in Central Sulawesi with different type of shade trees i.e remaining forest trees (plot B), planted trees with diverse species (plot C) and planted trees with only 1 or 2 species (plot D). This research monitors the changes of biodiversity that had been conducted in 2003 and resampled in 2009 with the same method in the same plots as well as the same sampling time. In each agroforestry types, four trees were sampled and all the Coleoptera were collected using fogging method. The result of the research showed that the species richness of Coleoptera from three types of agroforestry decreased in composition and structure among the two time period. In 2003, there were 172 species compared to 111 species in 2009. However, there are not significant different between 2003 and 2009 species composition based on analysis of variance using Shannon index. In contrast, similarity analysis using Sorenson index showed that the species composition changed between 2003 and 2009. Age of cacao trees have important role on changing Coleoptera species composition. In addition, habitat condition with natural forest may support Coleoptera diversity in cacao plantation.
Keyword: 

Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
Keyword: