Judul: Perbandingan Skala Kontinu dan Skala Diskret
Abstrak: In social studies, researchers often measure the characteristics of coutinuously measured objects by using discrete scales. So far the discrete scale are considered among the most popular methods used in the study because it is easy and simple. For this purpose, we need scale which can put respondents answers into a particular option, but has a relatively small bias. This study focused on the measurement of the magnitude of the bias arising from the multiple scale number associated with the number of samples, the distribution of the data and the correlation between variables. We than simulated using a continuous scale and then transformed into a discrete scale with six categories, namely scale 2 - 7. For each category, the magnitude of the sample size did not significantly affect the bias. The magnitude of the bias due to the categorization of the scale in this study indicates that the more categories used the smaller the bias. Category scale that has the smallest of bias was 7 with the average value of the bias 3.32%.
Keyword: bias., correlation, categories, Scale

Judul: Konsistensi Respons pada Skala Kontinu
Abstrak: Dalam menilai suatu objek, umumnya seseorang menggunakan pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan pola pikir yang berbeda sesuai subjektivitas masingmasing individu. Hal ini menyebabkan respons setiap individu dapat berbeda-beda dalam menilai objek yang sama. Perbedaan respon juga disebabkan adanya perbedaan kemampuan individu dalam mentransformasi ide kualitatif ke kuantitatif. Disamping itu, dalam waktu yang berbeda, setiap individu umumnya memiliki basis yang berbeda-beda dalam menilai sesuatu objek, sehingga penilaian menjadi tidak konsisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat konsistensi respons kontinu. Metode yang digunakan adalah perancangan percobaan yang melibatkan 200 responden, dimana setiap individu diberi tiga perlakuan yaitu objek A (kualitas tinggi), B (kualitas sedang), dan C (kualitas rendah). Pengukuran dilakukan berupa respon secara spontan dan struktural. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respons struktural lebih konsisten dibandingkan respons spontan untuk semua kategori objek yang dinilai. Fakta ini membuktikan bahwa, seseorang akan relatif lebih konsisten dalam menilai suatu objek dengan menggunakan skala yang lebih terstruktur (skala rendah).
Keyword: konsistensi, respons spontan, respons struktural

Judul: The Activity of Microalgae Extract to RNA Helicase Inhibitor Japanese Encephalitis Virus
Abstrak: Japanese encephalitis virus is an agent of encephalitis disease. Cellular target therapy is one of the ways to prevent japanese encephalitis virus which has been recently developed. Microalgae extract assesment is potential to inhibit japanese encephalitis virus through inhibition of NS3 helicase. Microalgae were taken from Batam, Pari, and Ciater. Each microalgae has been extracted by four solvents (methanol 80%, acetone 80%, hexane 80%, and etyl acetate 80%) to produce 101 extracts. The ATPase assay was used on inhibition activity of the extracts, whereas for the toxicity method done is Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. The results showed that five microalgae extracts have a high inhibition activity which are CTR 07-09 etyl acetate 80% (97,19331%), CTR 07-10 etyl acetate 80% (95,61652%), CTR 07-01 etyl acetate 80% (95,1661%), CTR 06-08 etyl acetate 80% (94,54431%), and CTR 07-07 etyl acetate 80% (94,22955%). Then the five of microalgae extracts were tested with the toxicity test to calculate LC50 value. Microalgae extract of CTR 06-08, CTR 07-09, and CTR 07-10 have a character of non-toxic, whereas microalgae extract of CTR 07-01 and CTR 07-07 have a character of toxic.
Keyword: