Judul: Land use planning for sustainable agriculture in krueng peutoe river stream area of north aceh district
Abstrak: The Krueng Peutoe is a sub watershed of the Jambo Aye watershed in North Aceh District of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province. The aims of this research was to 1) evaluate the appropriateness of land use and land capability on Krueng Peutoe watershed, especially in the agricultural land, 2) plan of sustainable agriculture land use on Krueng Peutoe watershed. The survey method was applied in this research and consist of 1) map overlay, 2) field survey, 3) evaluation and land capability classification, 4) evaluation of cropping pattern and agrotechnology, 5) erosion prediction using USLE method, 6) social economic analysis and 7) recommendation of cropping pattern agrotechnology. The result of land use appropriateness obtained the land capability classification (KKL) II with slope limitation factor on Homogenous Land Unit (SLH) 15 and 10, KKL III with slope limitation factor and erosion on SLH 16, slope limitation factor on SLH 1, 5, 9,12, the KKL VI with slope limitation factor on SLH 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 14 and KKL VII with slope limitation factor on SLH 17. The prediction of erosion in mixed garden was obtained 14,56 – 403,82 ton/ha/year and its value was larger than Tolerable Soil Loss (ETol) value (23,03 – 39,60 ton/ha/year). Its decreased land productivity and affected to the low income of farmer (Rp 754.000 – Rp 7.434.000/HH/year). After the reconstruction of cropping pattern, agrotechnology and addition of other side job. Based on calculation, its expected obtain the erosion value 1,09 – 30,28 ton/ha/year and income increasing become Rp10.267.200 – Rp12.441.060/ HH/year to fulfill the basic living standard (> Rp 9.600.000/HH/year). The recommendation on this research were : KKL II and III with land use for mixed garden and plantation need a reconstruction of cropping pattern and agrotechnology. KKL VI with land use for mixed garden and plantation needed application of agrotechnology that was added with terrace strengthener plants and planting based on contour. Land use for forest at the same class was recommended as a forest, and land use for underbrush at the same class was recommended to be shep herding savannah /shepherding field. KKL VII for mixed garden was recommended to be agroforestry.
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Judul: Land use planning for Areca-based farming system toward Sustainable agriculture development in Krueng Simpo sub watershed
Abstrak: Low land productivity is the main problem of upland farming systems in Sub DAS Krueng Simpo. This is likely due to inadequate agrotechnologies and soil and water corservation technigues on upland farming systems. Therefore, it is presumed that the existing upland farming systems is not sustainable. Objectives of this research were 1) to identify and to evaluate land use characteristics and agrotechnologies on upland farming systems, (2) to develop alternatives of sustainable upland farming systems. Identification and upland farming systems were conducted useing survey method, evaluation of land use was conducted through land capability evaluation using method of Klingebiel and Montgomery, and developing alternatives of improved upland farming systems were carried out using USLE model. Results of this research showed that land use in the area was dominanated by underbrush, fallowed by forest and mixed garden with undulating topography and high erosion as limiting factors. All type of land-uses are generally suited to their land capability classes. Upland farming systems were generally dominated by areca-based farming systems with predicted erosion rate was ranged from 15.5 – 90.9 tons/ha/year; it was much greater than the local tolerable soil loss (TSL, 26.9 tons/ha/year). Total farmers income on upland farming systems was much lower than the income that can suppart worth life living standard (KHL, Rp 16.000.000/household/yr). Improved areca-based farming systems with appropriate agrotechnologies including balance fertilization, countruction of ridge and traditional terraces as well as raising livestocks can decrease erosion to less than local tolerable soil loss and to increase farmers income to more than worth life living standard.
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Judul: Kimiawi imunoglobulin G serta perbedaabbya antara berbagi species hewan
Abstrak: Antibodi adalah molekul protein yang dihasilkan oleh sel plasma sebagai akibat interaksi antara limfosit B peka antigen dengan antigen khusus. Antibodi ini disebut juga imunoglobulin karena molekulnya berbentuk globulin. Jadi imunoglobulin merupakan molekul protein yang membawa akti- vitas antibodi, yaitu sifat kombinasi spesifik dengan zat yang mendatangkan formasi antigen. Diantara kelas imunoglobulin, Ig G adalah yang paling melimpah dalam serum darah. Ig G ini memainkan peran utama dalam mekanisme pertahanan. Ig G merupakan struktur glikoprotein dengan dasar bentuk bangunan diagram tetrapolipeptida yang mengandung 4 ran tai polipeptida dengan 2 rantai berat (H) yang identik dan 2 rantai ringan L) yang identik. Rantai polipeptida ini di bentuk oleh rangkaian asam amino. Tiap rantai berat (H) me ngandung 446 residu asam amino dengam BM (2 x 50.000) Dal ton dan tiap rantai ringan (L) mengandung residu asam amino 213() atau 214 () dengan BM (2 x 25.000) Dalton. Bagian variabel dari rantai berat (VH) mengandung 118 residu asam amino dan bagian variabel rantai ringan (VL) mengandung 108 () atau 109 () residu, sedangkan residu sisanya dari masing-masing rantai adalah bagian konstan (CH dan CL). Adanya perbedaan-perbedaan dalam hal asam amino pada salah satu daerah variabel dapat menyebabkan perbedaan imun respon. ...
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