Judul: Double Fortification of Salt with Iodine and Iron : Developing Formula, Stability,. Bioavailability, and Efficacy.
Abstrak: Terdapat tiga masalah defisiensi gizi mikro di Indonesia, yaitu Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium (GAKI), Anemia Gizi Besi (AGB), dan Kekurangan Vitamin A (KV A). Diantara ketiga masalah tersebut, AGB paling ban yak diderita oleh penduduk Indonesia (sekitar 100 juta). Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi AGB adalah fortifikasi. Penelitian ini mengembangkan formula garam fortifikasi ganda iodium dan besi (GFG), menggunakan kalium iodat dan besi elemental sebagai sumber iodium dan besi., There are three major micronutrient deficiency problems in Indonesia, i.e. Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD), Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), and Vitamin A Deficiencies (V AD). Among those three problems, IDA is the highest one that Indonesian people suffered from (100 million of population). One of the correct ways to solve the IDA problems is f0l1ification.
Keyword: fortification, double fortified salt, hemoglobin

Judul: Fortifikasi ganda garam dengan iodium dan besi: pengembangan formula, uji stabilitas, bioavailabilitas, dan efikasi
Abstrak: Terdapat tiga masalah defisiensi gizi inikro di Indonesia, yaitu Gangguan akibat Kekurangan Iodiurn (GAKI), Anemia Gizi Besi (AGB), dan Kekurangan Vitamin A (KVA). Diantara ketiga masalah tersebut, AGB paling banyak diderita oleh penduduk Indonesia (sekitar 100 juta). Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi AGB adalah fortifikasi. Penelitian ini mengembangkan formula garam fortifikasi ganda iodium dan besi (GFG), menggunakan kalium iodat dan besi elemental sebagai sumber iodium dan besi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah dua macam GFG, yaitu GFGa terdiri atas 50 ppm KIO, dan 100 pprn besi karbonil, serta GFGb terdiri atas 50 ppm KLO3 dan 500 ppm besi karbonil. Uji stabilitas terhadap GFG dilakukati dalaiil dua cara. Pertama, cara fisika melalui uji warna dengan menentukan derajat keputihan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri reflektan. Kedua, cara kimia melalui analisis kadar air dengan metode AOAC, iodium dengan metode Iodometri dan besi dengan metode AAS. Pengujian dilakukan setiap bulan sejak pencarnpuran sampai 6 bidan penyimpanan. Sampel. disimpan di ruangan terbu~ka, tidak kena sinar matahari langsung dan pada temperatur kamar.' Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa derajat keputihan masih mendekati 100 (statidar warna putih untuk garam), juga tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada kadar iodium. Retenii iodiuln y&g tertahan selama penyimpanan sebesar 96%. Sementara kandungan besi cukup stabil. Uji kristal GFG dengan lnetode difiaksi sinar X menunjukkan tidak terdapat interaksi diantara fortifikan, dan tidak terbentuk senyawa baru. Bioavailabilitas besi elemental lebih dari 100% relatif terhadap ferro sulfat. Serangkaian hasil analisis tersebut menunjukan dckaGnF G sangat stabil pada kondisi tropis. Hasil efikasi GFG pada WUS menunjukkan bahwa setelah mengonsumsi GFG, kadar Hb meningkat 11,52%. Status besi dan ferritin darah juga meningkat. Sementara uji kualitatif asam amino protein diet dengan metode HPLC menghasilkan 17 macam asam amino.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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