Judul: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Food Handlers' Hygiene and Sanitation at Tegalega Park, Bandung City
Abstrak: Keracunan pangan dapat terjadi akibat konsumsi pangan siap saji dari pedagang kaki lima yang tercemar mikroba patogen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengukur tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik higiene dan sanitasi penjamah pangan di lingkungan Taman Tegalega Kota Bandung, dan melihat korelasi antar pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik, serta merumuskan rekomendasi perbaikan. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei terhadap 154 orang penjamah pangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penjamah pangan telah memiliki pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik higiene dan sanitasi yang baik (skor =70%) yang ditunjukkan masing-masing sebanyak 53,90% responden untuk pengetahuan, 54,55% untuk sikap, dan 57,79% untuk praktik higiene dan sanitasi. Karakteristik responden (usia, tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman bekerja, dan riwayat penyuluhan) berkorelasi positif terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik higiene dan sanitasi. Korelasi antara sikap terhadap praktik cenderung lebih kuat dibanding pengetahuan terhadap sikap dan praktik. Secara keseluruhan masih perlu dilakukan peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik baik melalui penyediaan dan pemerataan fasilitas kebersihan maupun penyuluhan/pelatihan., Food poisoning can occur due to consumption of ready-to-eat food from street vendors contaminated with pathogenic microbes. The purpose of this study is to measure the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of hygiene and sanitation of food handlers in the Tegalega Park area, Bandung City, to see the correlation between knowledge, attitudes, and practices, and to formulate recommendations for improvement. The method used was a survey of 154 food handlers. The results showed that food handlers had good knowledge, attitudes, and hygiene and sanitation practices (score =70%) which were shown by 53.90% of respondents for knowledge, 54.55% for attitudes, and 57.79% for hygiene and sanitation practices. Respondent characteristics (age, education level, work experience, and experience of training) were positively correlated with knowledge, attitudes, and hygiene and sanitation practices. The correlation between attitudes toward practices tended to be stronger than knowledge toward attitudes and practices. Overall, it is still necessary to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices through the equal distribution of cleaning facilities as well as counseling/training.
Keyword: higiene sanitasi, pengetahuan, Sikap, Praktik, penjamah pangan

Judul: Studi Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Higiene Pangan pada Food Handler di Kios Makanan di Dalam dan Luar Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor
Abstrak: Food besides giving benefit for human health is also easy to be contaminated with various contaminants so that can cause disease (foodborne disease). One of many factors influencing incidence of foodborne disease is food handler. Important factors on food handlers which have impacts on food hygiene are knowledge, attitude, and practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices; correlation between knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and risk factors of food hygiene practices. Total of 77 kiosks from 373 food kiosks inside and outside of IPB campus in Dramaga, Bogor was sampled randomly. The data include characteristics and KAP food handler which is obtained from interviews with respondents using questionnaires and observations, and level surface sanitizing food handlers hands and dishes in kiosks with RODAC test (total plate count and the number of Staphylococcus aureus). This study showed that most of the food handlers were categorized as good in knowledge (55.8%) and practices (70.1%), while most of food handlers’ attitude were categorized as moderate (51.9%). The level of hygiene in food kiosks was mostly good (76.6%). Risk factors which influenced on hygiene level in food kiosks were age (young age, OR = 12.6), the participation in extension (never exposed to extension, OR = 8.3), and attitude (bad attitude, OR = 43.7). Characteristic variables that had significant correlation with knowledge, attitude, and practice were the correlation between extension and knowledge (r = 0.59), monitoring and knowledge (r = 0.63), work experience and attitude (r = 0.35), purpose of business and attitude (r = 0.51), extension and attitude (r = 0.53), and age and practice (r = 0.71). This study showed significant correlation (p<0.05) between knowledge and attitude (r=0.73), knowledge and practice (r=0.79), and attitude and practice (r=0.84). More than half of food kiosks showed bad sanitation level of hands and plates. Practice of personal hygiene showed significant correlation with score the number of Staphylococcus aureus in food handler hand (r=0.15). The results of this study should be considered as potential threat to consumer health inside and outside of IPB campus in Dramaga, Bogor.
Keyword: 

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm