Judul: Faktor Gizi Ibu, Sosio-Demografi dan Ukuran Bayi Lahir pada Ibu Hamil di Daerah Pedesaan di Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Maternal dietary intake and nutritional status play an important role in fetal growth and birth outcomes. Pregnant women have higher energy needs, which puts them at risk for undernutrition and the ensuing poor outcomes of birth, such as small birth size and infant mortality. Numerous studies have asserted that maternal nutritional status as indicated by pre-pregnancy body mass index (PP-BMI), mid-upper arm circumference and gestational weight gain (GWG), can impact birth weight and birth length of newborn infants. Additionally, it has been emphasized that maternal nutrition adequacy of macro and micronutrients plays a crucial role in determining birth size. Pregnant women residing in rural areas may find difficulty in meeting the dietary recommendations of nutrients important to nourish the growing fetus. This phenomenon may be as a result of low socio-economic status characterized by low level of education, insufficient family income, poor family background and unemployment. Inadequate intake of essential nutrients over the course of the pregnancy can result in chronic energy deficiency, insufficient weight gain and subsequent poor delivery of nutrients to the growing fetus. In Indonesia, where 42.7% of the population lives in rural areas, maternal undernutrition is widespread, contributing to a high burden of low-birth-weight and length. Studies indicate that pregnant women from economically disadvantaged households in Indonesia often fail to meet nutritional recommendations. Children born to rural mothers have also been reported to be at risk of low birth weight. This study therefore aimed to establish the relationship between maternal socio-demographic factors, nutritional status and nutrition adequacy with birth size among third-trimester pregnant women from farming communities residing in the rural areas of Bogor district. This study was observational in nature with a cross-sectional design that recruited pregnant mothers in the third-trimester. The study was conducted at two local community health centres in the villages of Karyamekar and Bojong as well as the regional hospital of Cileungsi in Bogor district between October 2023 to March 2024. Ethical approval was obtained through the Human Research Ethics Committee, IPB University with number; 919/IT3.KEPMSM-IPB/SK/2023. Samples were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The inclusion criteria comprised third-trimester pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy between 29 to 34 weeks’ gestation, who were willing to participate in the study and signed consent forms. Pregnant mothers with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, congenital anomalies and cancer before pregnancy were excluded from the study. A sample size of 60 respondents was obtained using the sample size calculation for proportion formula. Data on maternal socio-demographics (age, family background, income, education and occupation) nutritional status (MUAC, GWG, PP-BMI) nutrient intake (macro and micronutrients) birth size (birth weight and length) were collected, processed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and analyzed using IBM Statistical Program Social Science (SPSS) Statistic 27. Analysis comprised univariate, bivariate and multivariate. Results of the study demonstrated that low birth weight and length were more prevalent among mothers aged 18-35 years, attended school up to tertiary level, belonged to farming families and had sufficient income. Maternal age was associated with birth weight and length Findings also showed that only fat (57.1%) was consumed adequately by
Keyword: nutritional status, pregnant women, birth size, nutrition adequacy, socio-demographic

Judul: The Association of Food Consumption and Antenatal Care to the Maternal Nutritional Status and Infant Weight and Lenght in Bogor Municipality
Abstrak: The objectives of the study were to analyze the association between food consumption and antenatal care practices to the maternal nutrtional status and infant weight and length. The cross-sectional study was done in Bogor Municipality, samples were 45 pregnant women in Bogor Municipality. The results showed that a total of 53.3 to 88.9% of pregnant women have poor levels (< 70% RDA) of nutrient consumption, especially of the energy, protein, iron, and vitamin A. Besides that, about 77.8% pregnant women have a low diversity of food consumption. Personal antenatal care was applied among 67% of women such as specific exercise or taking a certain food. Meanwhile, about 95.6% of pregnant women attended the Puskesmas or Posyandu for taking minimum of standard health care. It was found that about 22,2% of pregnant mother having CAC < 23,5 cm was suffer chronic energy malnutrion, prevalence of anemia (Hb < 110 g/L) was 22.2%, and iron deficiency was 37.8% (ferritin < 20 μg/L). The logistic regression analysis showed that socioeconomic characteristics and maternal characteristics have a positive associated on food consumption and health examination, variables which associated with food consumtion is family income (OR = 0,01; 95% CI: 0,00-0,72) and maternal education (OR = 5,49; 95% CI: 1,13-26,71). In other hands, food consumption and antenatal care have a positive associated on maternal nutrition, but no variables significantly associated with the maternal nutritional status (p > 0.05). The results of logistic regression also showed that fodd consumption and antenatal care have a positive associated on birth weight and length, but no variables significantly associated with the birth weight and lenght (p > 0.05).
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Judul: The Isomerization of Xylenes Using Bentonite as catalyst
Abstrak: Isomerisasi xilena dilakukan dengan menggunakan katalis bentonit tanpa aktivasi, teraktivasi asam, dan terimpregnasi ion heksakloroplatinat(IV). Aktivasi bentonit dilakukan dengan variasi waktu aktivasi dan konsentrasi asam sulfat. Waktu aktivasi yang digunakan adalah 1 jam, 2 jam, 4 jam, dan 6 jam, sedangkan variasi konsentrasi asam sulfat yang dipakai adalah 6%, 12%, 24%, dan 48%. Seleksi dari berbagai variabel aktivasi dilakukan berdasarkan nisbah Si/Al. Dari 10 jenis bentonit, maka dipilih 3 jenis bentonit berdasarkan nisbah Si/Al, yaitu bentonit HP-1 (3,30), bentonit HP-8 (5,90), dan bentonit HP-10 (9,36). Ketiga bentonit yang diaktivasi dengan asam menunjukkan bahwa waktu aktivasi selama 4 jam memberikan nisbah Si/Al paling tinggi, sedangkan konsentrasi yang memberikan perbandingan paling tinggi untuk bentonit HP-1 dan HP-8 adalah 24% dan untuk bentonit HP-10 adalah 48%. Impregnasi ion dilakukan dengan merendam bentonit dalam larutan garam kalium heksakloroplatinat(IV). Isomerisasi xilena dilakukan pada suhu 300°C, yaitu dengan membandingkan produk isomerisasi xilena tanpa katalis, isomerisasi xilena oleh katalis bentonit tanpa aktivasi, isomerisasi xilena oleh katalis bentonit yang diaktivasi, dan isomerisasi xilena oleh katalis bentonit yang diimpregnasi. Distribusi relatif isomer o-, m-, dan p- xilena ditetapkan dengan metode spektroskopi inframerah. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi bahwa bentonit secara umum dapat digunakan untuk katalis isomerisasi xilena. Katalis bentonit yang diimpregnasi cenderung menghasilkan isomer para-. Katalis bentonit HP-1 tanpa aktivasi dan yang diaktivasi serta HP-8 yang diaktivasi hanya menghasilkan isomer meta-, sedangkan isomer orto- dihasilkan oleh bentonit HP-8 dan HP-10 tanpa aktivasi. Sebagian besar jenis reaksi yang terjadi adalah reaksi isomerisasi orto- dan para- membentuk meta-. Di samping itu perubahan yang terjadi pada distribusi relatif isomer xilena dipengaruhi oleh reaksi lain, yaitu reaksi transalkilasi etilbenzena yang akan meningkatkan produk isomer dan reaksi disproporsionasi xilena yang akan mengurangi produk isomer.
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