Judul: Estimasi dan Validasi Kandungan Energi dan Kecernaan Bahan Organik pada Leguminosa Melalui Data Analisis Proksimat dan Van Soest.
Abstrak: Tanaman legum memiliki kandungan protein serta kecernaan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan rumput. Penelitian bertujuan mengestimasi dan memvalidasi kandungan kecernaan bahan organik pada leguminosa berdasarkan data analisis proksimat dan Van Soest. Sebanyak 67 data analisis Proksimat dan analisis Van Soest legum diambil dari database feedipedia.org. Uji korelasi Pearson dilakukan dengan parameter protein kasar (PK), lemak kasar (LK), serat kasar (SK), bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN), Neutral Detergent Fibe (NDF), dan Non Fiber Carbohydrate (NFC) dengan komponen energi (KcBO, Energi Tercerna (%), Energi Tercerna (MJ/kg DM), Energi Metabolis (EM) (MJ/kg DM)). Penelitian ini berfokus pada hubungan parameter analisis Proksimat dan analisis Van Soest terhadap KcBO. Nilai KcBO dapat diperoleh dari persamaan KcBO proksimat (%) = 1.368PK + 1.254LK + 0.053SK + 0.905BETN, KcBO Van Soest (%) = 1.425PK + 1.689LK + 0.349NDF + 0.912NFC dengan signifikansi dan regresi yang baik. Analisis Proksimat, Van Soest, dan KcBO dilakukan pada 9 jenis leguminosa yang berbeda. Berdasarkan parameter Proksimat dan Van Soest serta persamaan KcBO, didapatkan nilai validasi KcBO. Nilai validasi KcBO lebih rendah dengan nilai observasi KcBO. Nilai observasi cenderung lebih rendah dibandingkan nilai validasi. Nilai validasi KcBO dari dua persamaan tidak berbeda nyata.
Keyword: estimasi, legum, proksimat, validasi, Van Soest

Judul: Estimasi dan Validasi Kandungan Kecernaan Bahan Organik pada Hijauan Rumput Melalui Data Analisis Proksimat dan Van Soest
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengestimasi dan memvalidasi kandungan komponen energi pakan hijauan rumput berdasarkan data analisis proksimat dan Van Soest. Komponen energi terdiri dari kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO), energi tercerna (digestible energy), dan energi metabolis (metabolizable energy). Analisis data yang dilakukan yaitu korelasi Pearson, persamaan regresi linier berganda, koefisien determinasi (R2), nilai probabilitas (P) melalui uji T-test, dan nilai root mean square error (RMSE). Persamaan regresi yang dapat digunakan sebagai estimasi kandungan energi pakan ternak ruminansia ialah KcBO proksimat (%) = 1.364 PK + 0.252 SK + 0.119 LK + 0.858 BETN, energi tercerna proksimat (%) = 1.346 PK + 0.201 SK + 0.197 LK + 0.832 BETN, energi tercerna proksimat (MJ.kg-1 BK) = 0.260 PK + 0.028 SK + 0.138 LK + 0.149 BETN, energi metabolis proksimat (MJ.kg-1 BK) = 0.194 PK + 0.016 SK + 0.113 LK + 0.128 BETN, KcBO Van Soest (%) = 1.449 PK + 1.102 LK + 0.776 NFC + 0.525 NDF, energi tercerna Van Soest (%) = 1.435 PK + 1.221 LK + 0.746 NFC + 0.485 NDF , energi tercerna Van Soest (MJ.kg-1 BK) = 0.273 PK + 0.346 LK + 0.135 NFC + 0.082 NDF, dan energi metabolis Van Soest (MJ.kg-1 BK) = 0.205 PK + 0.306 LK + 0.115 NFC + 0.066 NDF. Peubah yang diestimasi dan divalidasi yaitu kecernaan bahan organik. Simpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu kecernaan bahan organik dapat diestimasi dan divalidasi berdasarkan data analisis proksimat dan Van Soest.
Keyword: estimasi, kecernaan bahan organik, validasi

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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