Judul: Dampak Perluasan Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango terhadap Strategi Nafkah Rumahtangga Petani Desa Ciputri
Abstrak: The purpose of this research is to analyze land tenure situations at Ciputri Village before and after the expansion of Gunung Gede and Pangrango National Park; and to analyse the impact of national park expansionto the farmer’s livelihood strategy. The research applied a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data. Quantitative data obtained through structured questionnaires to 30 household’s repondents. The qualitative approach applied observation instrument, in-depth interviews, and secondary document collections. The results are, first, the expansion of TNGGP significantly change the tenurial structure of Ciputri’s farmers. Before the expansion, all farmers’ respondents operate land at a minimum of 2,000 m2 of land. However, after the expansion, most of the farmers or 21 out of 30 respondent fall into landless farmers (or tuna kisma). Second, the land tenure changes,furthermore, affect significantly the livelihood strategy of the farmers’ respondent. Before the expansion of TNGGP, the livelihood of all respondent are only on agriculture as farmer operator. However, after the expansion, the livelihood of the farmers changes dramatically. As much as 22 out of 30 respondent engage in two jobs for their livelihood such as work as daily farm labor and various daily service work. The others, 6 respondent, engage in three to four jobs for their livelihood such as work as daily farm labor, smallholder farmers, and various type of daily service work in the village.
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Judul: Dampak Perluasan Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango terhadap Pola Penguasaan Lahan dan Struktur Nafkah (Kasus Rumah Tangga Petani Desa Ciputri, Kecamatan Pacet, Kabupaten Cianjur).
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dari perluasan Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango terhadap perubahan pola penguasaan lahan dan pengaruh perubahan pola penguasaan tersebut terhadap struktur nafkah rumah tangga petani. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan survei dengan data kualitatif dari wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perluasan taman nasional memiliki dampak negative terhadap (i) status dan pola penguasaan lahan maupun pola penggunaan lahan, (ii) struktur nafkah dan pendapatan rumah tangga. Perubahan penguasaan lahan mengakibatkan sebesar 40 persen responden tidak menguasai lahan di dalam dan di luar kawasan. Dampak lebih lanjut dari perubahan ini adalah berubahnya struktur nafkah yaitu sebesar 82 persen responden hanya bekerja di sektor on-farm. Adapun, persentase pendapatan rumah tangga di sektor on-farm mengalami penurunan yaitu sebesar 92.1 persen menjadi sebesar 73.3 persen dari total pendapatan rumah tangga namun mengalami peningkatan di sektor off-farm dan sektor non-farm.
Keyword: pola penguasaan lahan, perubahan fungsi kawasan, struktur nafkah, taman nasional

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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