Judul: Komputasi Paralel Multiple Sequence Alignment menggunakan Message Passing Interface
Abstrak: Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) adalah teknik untuk menemukan kesamaan dalam banyak sekuen. Teknik ini sangat penting untuk mendukung banyak tugas bioinformatika seperti mengidentifikasi single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), membuat phylogenetic tree, dan metagenome fragments binning. Algoritma sederhana untuk MSA adalah Algoritma Star. Algoritma ini terdiri atas tiga tahap, yaitu menjajarkan semua kemungkinan pasangan sekuen, menentukan sekuen star yang dipilih dari sekuen yang memiliki nilai penjajaran maksimum, dan menjajarkan semua sekuen terhadap sekuen star. Setiap pasangan sekuen dijajarkan dengan menggunakan teknik pemrograman dinamis. Kompleksitas penjajaran sekuen DNA menggunakan teknik pemrograman dinamis mengikuti fungsi eksponensial. Waktu komputasi meningkat secara eksponensial seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah dan panjang sekuen DNA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempercepat perhitungan MSA menggunakan message passing interface (MPI). Evaluasi kinerja dari metode yang diusulkan dilakukan dengan menghitung speedup. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan data Glycine max-kromosom-9-BBI dengan jumlah 64 sekuen yang memiliki panjang seragam, yaitu 800 base pair (bp). Sekuens ini dihasilkan dengan cara memotong secara acak sekuen referensi dari Glycine max-kromosom-9-BBI yang bersumber dari national center for biotechnology information (NCBI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik yang diusulkan mampu menghasilkan speedup sebesar tiga kali, dengan menggunakan lima komputer. Selain itu, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa peningkatan jumlah komputer akan meningkatkan speedup. Kata kunci : multiple sequence alignment, message passing interfaces, komputasi paralel, DNA.
Keyword: multiple sequence alignment, message passing interfaces, komputasi paralel, DNA

Judul: Paralellization Multiple Sequence Alignment
Abstrak: Sequence alignment (sequence alignment) is one of the problems in molecular biology that can be solved with the help of computer programs. The purpose of an alignment is to identify similarity region of sequence in Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Ribonucleic acid (RNA), or protein. One of sequence alignment methods is Needleman-Wunsch which includes all sequences in its alignment. The Needleman-Wunsch method has high computational complexity with value of O(n2). Similarly, multiple sequence alignment (MSA) that processes k sequences one by one by using Star Alignment method has complexity of O(k2n2). Therefore, the main problem in MSA using Star Alignment method is computational time. However, the Star Alignment method can still obtain high accuracy. The time consuming problem faced by Star Alignment method can be solved by applying parallel computing technique implemented using multiple computers working together as a network system. This research focuses on finding a faster method to process MSA based on Star Alignment method using parallel computing. The proposed method is implemented using Message Passing Interface (MPI). The evaluation is conducted by calculating speed up. The experiment results show that the paralellization of the Star Alignment method can increase speed up 4-6 times faster than that of using single CPU.
Keyword: Needleman-Wunsch, Multiple Sequence Alignment, Star Alignment, Parallel Computing

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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