Judul: Eucheuma cottonii seaweed drying used an oven at a different temperature
Abstrak: Rumput laut kering adalah salah satu komoditas perairan yang dapat diolah menjadi bahan pangan dan kosmetik. Proses pengeringan rumput laut pada umumnya menggunakan panas matahari dimana proses tersebut membutuhkan waktu yang lama. Teknik pengeringan rumput laut dengan oven pada umumnya sudah banyak dilakukan dengan menggunakan suhu 50 dan 60°C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeringkan rumput laut segar dengan berbagai suhu pengeringan, melihat karakteristik warna rumput laut serta aktivitas air setelah dilakukan pengeringan serta menghitung laju pengeringan terbaik pada pengeringan oven dari rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii. Metode penelitian inidiawali dengan proses pencucian rumput laut yang kemudian dilakukan dengan pembersihan sampel dan dilanjutkan proses pemotongan secara acak. Tahapan selanjutnya dilakukan dengan proses pengeringan yang dilakukan hingga 6 jam dengan suhu yang berbeda. Rumput laut yang sudang dikeringkan kemudian menentukan karakterisitik terbaik. Pengeringan dengan menggunakan suhu yang berbeda memiliki hasil penurunan bobot yang berbeda. Hasil terbaik dari penelitian ini adalah pengeringan oven menggunakan suhu 70°C yang mampu menurunkan kadar air sangat cepat dengan nilai kadar air sebesar 10,69%, nilai aw 0,2905. Penurunan bobot pada penelitian ini memiliki hasil yang sama yaitu mencapai pengeringan konstan pada waktu ke- 285 – 360 menit, Dried seaweed is one of the aquatic commodities that can be processed become foodstuffs and cosmetics. The process of drying seaweed generally uses sunlight where the process takes a long time. Seaweed drying techniques with ovens, in general have been widely done using temperatures 50 and 60 °C. The study aims to dry fresh seaweed at various temperatures and to observe the color characteristics of seaweed and water activity after drying and counting the best drying rate on oven drying of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed. This method of study is started with kelp washing, which is then done with random elimination of samples and cutting. The next steps involved a curing process of up to 6 hours with different temperatures. Dried seaweed then determines the best characteristics. Drying by using different temperatures has a decrease in yield. The best result of this study is was the rapid drying oven’s at 70 °C that would lower water level very rapidly and with 10.69%, the value of aw 0.2905. The weight loss of this study has the same result of reaching a constant drying of 285 - 360 minutes
Keyword: Eucheuma cottonii, laju pengeringan, pengeringan, rumput laut kering, dried seaweed, drying, drying rate, Eucheuma cottonii

Judul: Pengaruh Metode Pengeringan terhadap Kinetika Pengeringan dan Karakteristik Bubuk Kering Rumput Laut Ulva lactuca
Abstrak: Pengeringan rumput laut dengan sinar matahari umum dilakukan masyarakat karena mudah dan murah namun bergantung pada cuaca yang tidak stabil sehingga relatif lama dan menghasilkan mutu yang tidak konsisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan pengaruh metode pengeringan rumput laut Ulva lactuca. terhadap karakteristik bubuk kering yang dihasilkan serta menentukan perlakuan terbaik. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu pengeringan sinar matahari, kombinasi sinar matahari dengan kipas angin serta fluidized bed dryer. Perlakuan terpilih yaitu fluidized bed dryer dengan waktu konstan tercepat yaitu 120 menit dan drying rate rata-rata sebesar 211,63 ± 0,61 g H2O/jam. Perlakuan terpilih menghasilkan warna bubuk yang masih hijau serta protein 9,91 ± 1,03%, lemak 0,32 ± 0,00%, total color difference 9,61 ± 2,43, aktivitas air 0,35 ± 0,01, IC50 110,70 ± 0,45 ppm, densitas kamba 0,48 ± 0,02 g/ml serta sensori hedonik tertinggi pada setiap parameter., Sun drying seaweed is generally done by the community because it is easy and cheap but depends on unstable weather so that it is relatively long and produces inconsistent quality. The purpose of this research to compare the effect of the drying method on Ulva lactuca on the characteristics of the resulting dry powder and determine the best treatment. The treatments used were sun drying, a combination of sun drying with a fan and a fluidized bed dryer. The selected treatment was fluidized bed dryer with the fastest constant time of 120 minutes and an average drying rate of 211.63 ± 0.61 g H2O/hour. The selected treatment produced a green powder color and protein 9.91 ± 1.03%, fat 0.32 ± 0.00%, total color difference 9.61 ± 2.43, water activity 0.35 ± 0.01, IC50 110.70 ± 0.45 ppm, bulk density 0.48 ± 0.02 g/mL and the highest hedonic sensory in every parameter.
Keyword: drying time, fluidized bed dryer, quality, sun drying

Judul: Analisis Model Pandemik dan Prepandemik Avian Influenza pada Populasi Manusia
Abstrak: Avian influenza is a viral disease caused by a virus within the subtype of H5N1 in which its transmission caused by birds or human. In human population, transmission process of avian influenza is discussed in the model called: bird model, prepandemic model and pandemic model. The bird model has two equlibrium points. These are saddle disease free equilibrium and stable endemic equilibrium. The endemic equlibrium occurred when the reproduction number of avian influenza is greater than one. In the endemic equilibrium, avian influenza may infect both bird and human. The prepandemic model has two equilibrium points. These are avian influenza dominant equilibrium and human influenza dominant equilibrium. The human influenza dominant equilibrium occurred when the reproduction number of human influenza is greater than one. The pandemic model has one pandemic equlibrium. The human influenza pandemic occurred when the ratio of human influenza invasion, pandemic invasion and the reproduction number of human influenza is greater than one, respectively. The avian influenza pandemic occurred when the ratio of human influenza invasion, pandemic invasion is less than one and the reproduction number of avian influenza greater than one, respectively.
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