Judul: Optimasi Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows pada Rute Patroli Polisi di Kecamatan Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Rute patroli polisi yang efisien akan mempertimbangkan alokasi titik rawan potensial yang dapat memudahkan polisi dalam melakukan pencegahan tindak kriminalitas sekaligus meminimumkan biaya operasional patroli polisi. Setiap titik rawan akan memiliki suatu time windows yang harus dipantau polisi dalam rentang time windows tersebut. Masalah optimasi rute ini dapat dimodelkan sebagai Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows dan diselesaikan secara eksak menggunakan Mixed Integer Linear Programming. Penelitian ini akan membahas studi kasus terkait optimasi rute patroli polisi di Kecamatan Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Proses optimasi dilakukan dengan bantuan software LINGO 19.0. Penelitian ini memperoleh hasil optimasi berupa total biaya minimum operasional patroli polisi, waktu mulai patroli polisi di titik rawan, dan rute patroli polisi optimal berdasarkan tipe kendaraan yang berbeda., Efficient police patrol route will consider the allocation of potential hotspot which would make it easier for police to conduct the crime prevention as well as minimize police patrol operational cost. Each hotspot will be applied with time windows, hence police must observe the hotspot within the time windows. This route optimization problem can be modelled as Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and can be solved by Mixed Integer Linear Programming as the exact approach. This research will discuss the case study of police patrol route optimization in Dramaga District, Bogor Regency, West Java. Optimization process was performed by using LINGO 19.0 software. Results of optimization from this research include the minimum police patrol total operational cost, starting time of police patrol at the hotspot, and optimal police patrol route based on distinct type of vehicles.
Keyword: Hotspot, police patrol route, time windows, vehicle routing problem

Judul: Optimasi Jumlah Armada Biskita Trans Pakuan Bogor di Koridor-2 Menggunakan Metode Goal Programming dan Fuzzy Goal  Programming
Abstrak: Biskita Trans Pakuan merupakan salah satu layanan yang disediakan pemerintah untuk mengatasi kemacetan di Kota Bogor. Permasalahan yang saat ini tengah dihadapi oleh Biskita Trans Pakuan adalah peningkatan load factor yang terjadi secara terus menerus sepanjang tahun 2022 terutama di koridor 2. Peningkatan load factor tersebut apabila tidak diimbangi transport supply akan mengakibatkan penumpukan penumpang sehingga dapat mengurangi tingkat kepuasan penumpang. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perhitungan jumlah armada bus yang optimal pada koridor 2 sehingga permasalahan yang dihadapi dapat teratasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode goal programming dan fuzzy goal programming. Dari hasil perhitungan dengan bantuan software Lingo 18.0 diperoleh jumlah bus optimal yang dapat diberangkatkan di halte awal untuk setiap periode waktu yang meminimumkan biaya operasional bus dan meminimumkan biaya kerugian waktu tunggu penumpang., Biskita Trans Pakuan is one of the services provided by the government to overcome congestion in Bogor City. The problem currently being faced by Biskita Trans Pakuan is the increase in load factor that occurs continuously throughout 2022, especially in corridor 2. The increase in load factor if not balanced with transport supply will result in a buildup of passengers to reduce the level of passenger satisfaction. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the optimal number of bus fleets in corridor 2 so that the problems faced can be resolved. This research used goal programming and fuzzy goal programming methods. From the calculation results with the help of Lingo 18.0 software, the optimal number of buses that can depart at the initial bus stop for each period which minimize the operational costs and minimize the passenger waiting time costs.
Keyword: fuzzy goal programming, goal programming, number of buses, optimization

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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