Judul: Analisis kandungan hara N dan P serta Klorofil tebu transgenik IPB 1 yang ditanam di Kebun Percobaan PG Djatiroto, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk Indonesia, kebutuhan akan pangan termasuk gula terus mengalami peningkatan permintaan. Namun, seiring berjalannya waktu peranan produksi gula tidak beranjak meningkat bahkan cenderung menurun baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas (Rosadi et al., 1996). Sebagai ilustrasi, pada tahun 2009 kebutuhan akan konsumsi gula nasional mencapai 4.85 juta ton, namun kebutuhan ini hanya dapat dipenuhi sekitar setengahnya saja (55%) oleh industri gula nasional, sedangkan sisanya dipenuhi dengan mengimpor gula dari negara lain (Sudradjat, 2010). Peningkatkan produksi gula dan peningkatan efisiensi pemupukan dapat dilakukan dengan perbaikan terhadap genetik tebu melalui rekayasa genetika dengan cara mengintroduksikan gen fitase yang diharapkan berdampak positif bagi sistem metabolisme tanaman (Santosa, 2004). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan unsur N dan P serta klorofil yang terkandung dalam daun 23 klon tebu transgenik IPB 1 (yang telah diintroduksi gen fitase) dan isogenik PS 851 (non-transgenik) serta menyeleksi beberapa klon terbaik tebu transgenik IPB 1. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada saat tebu berumur 6 bulan di Kebun Percobaan Djatiroto, Jawa Timur. Perlakuan yang diberikan pada lahan adalah dua kali pemupukan ZA sebanyak 2.5 kui/ha pada awal penanaman dan 45 hari setelah penanaman awal. Analisis jaringan untuk N dilakukan dengan metode Kjeldahl, analisis P dilakukan dengan P-Bray, analisis kandungan klorofil dilakukan dengan metode Wintermans dan De Mots (1965). Pemilihan klon terbaik menggunakan sebaran frekuensi data dengan kriteria keragaan pertumbuhan tanaman yang meliputi tinggi batang, diameter batang, jumlah ruas per batang, panjang dan lebar daun atas dan panjang dan lebar daun bawah.
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Judul: Analisis kandungan klorofil dan laju fotosintesis tebu transgenik PS-IPB 1 yang di tanam di kebun percobaan PG Djatiroro, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) is an important industrial plant for sugar production. The productivity of this plant could be increased by introducing phytase gen. Such transgenic sugarcane that had been produced by Santosa et al. (2004), is expected to increase the efficiency of P fertilization. The objectives of this research were (1) to select best growth performance of transgenic sugar cane clones treated with P fertilization, (2) to measure of chlorophyll content and Leaf Area Index (LAI) of the selected transgenic sugar cane. Plantation of the transgenic sugar cane was conducted at the experimental station of PG Djatiroto, PTPN XI, East Java. Plantation was treated with two levels of P fertilization , i.e. 25% and 50% of optimum P fertlization (P2O5 = 92,29 ppm). Growth performance parameters of the plant that were measured including leave sizes, number of space between joints, number or stalk, stalk height, and stalk diameter. Samples of leaves for analysis of chlorophyll and LAI were collected at 3 and 6 months after plantation. The result show that not all of sugar cane transgenic clones (PS-IPB 1) has chlorophyll higher than its isogenic (PS-851). At 3 months old the clones contained chlorophyll-a higher than the isogenic are 6 clones in the test field I, and 1 clone in the test field II; while that for chlorophyll-b are 9 clones in the test field I, and 3 clones in the test field II. At 6 months old the clones contained chlorophyll-a higher than the isogenic are 10 clones the test field I, and 5 clones in the test field II; while that for chlorophyll-b are 9 clones in the test field I, and 6 clones in the test field II. In average, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and total chlorophyll of the plants grown in the field I are higher than that in the field II. In addition, chlorophyll-b of the transgenic plant in both fields is higher than chlorophyll-a. There is no differences of Leaf Area Index (LAI) of plants grown in the field I and II, but the LAI of plants at age 6 months is significantly higher than that at age 3 months.
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Judul: Numerical modeling of the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring in front of impermeable breakwater with different steepnesses
Abstrak: The aim of this paper is to numerically study the effects of breakwater steepness on the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring process in front of impermeable breakwaters. A two-dimensional hydrodynamics model based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was developed and then combined with an empirical sediment transport model. Comparisons with an analytical solution and experimental data showed the present model is very accurate in predicting the near bottom velocity and capable of simulating the scour/deposition patterns consistent with experimental data. It was found that the additional terms of bottom shear stress in the momentum equations are necessary to produce a physical scouring pattern. Different breakwater steepnesses produce different characteristics of standing wave, the steady streaming system, and scouring pattern in front of the breakwaters, which also affects the correlations between them. An additional analysis of the turbulence field parameters and the sediment transport rate was also performed. All these important information will be presented in details in this paper and can be worthwhile for designing the breakwater in coastal areas.
Keyword: The RANS–VOF model Standingwave Steadystreamingsystem Scouring pattern Breakwatersteepness