Judul: The Evaluation of Earthworm (Pheretima sp) Enrichment on The Chemical Composition and Ovarian Development of Female Pacifik White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Broodstock.
Abstrak: Pacific White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei ) is a species of penaid shrimp families that has significant commercial value in the world trade. Fresh feed that have excelent result to increase broodstock gonad maturation of white shrimp is marine worm (Nereis sp), therefore they become WSSV vector. This study aimed to search arternative feed subtituting marine worm as the main feed of white shrimp broodstock. Earthworms (Pheretima sp) have a great potential to be used as an alternative feed to subtituting marine worm for white shrimp broodstock because they can be cultivated, and the nutritional content is quite high. But the content of phospholipids, cholesterol and carotene earthworms were lower than marine worms. The diet treatments were marine worms (Nereis sp) as a control (A), earthworms (Pheretima sp) (B), earthworms enriched by phospholipids, cholesterol and carotene (C) and artificial feed using earthworms flour as the main protein source enriched by phospholipids, cholesterol and carotene (D). The object of this research was virgin white shrimp broodstock. Observed parameters were gonad development stage (GDS) and gonad chemical composition at gonad maturation level II and IV. The results showed that gonad development stage both morfology and histology of C treatment was higher than B and D. The highest of broodstock that reach out for GDS IV was treatment A (28%), followed by treatment C (22.67%) and treatment D (17.33%). The observation of broodstock gonad chemical composition during maturation process from GDS II to GDS IV, showed that although gonad total lipid (TL) of treatments A, C and D increase, only treatment A and treatment C showed an increase in protein content, triacylgliseride, and polar lipid. These affected by betacaroten of both treatments were high enough, so be able to prevent the oxidation of gonad lipid mobilization process. In this study, the treatment that able to produce eggs are treatment A and C. Lipids were preferentially transferred to the eggs, which contained relatively high triacylgliseride and cholesterol levels. The chemical composition of eggs respectively were: protein content of eggs A. 1.87%, C. 12.94%; triacylgliseride content of eggs A. 0.73%, C. 0.70%; cholesterol content of eggs A. 0.62%, C. 0.49%; and beta-caroten content of eggs A. 20.62 mg/1000g, C. 18.2 mg/1000g. It can be concluded that earthworms (Pheretima sp) enriched by phospholipids, cholesterol and beta-carotene can be used as a white shrimp broodstock alternative feed for subtitute marine worms (Nereis sp).
Keyword: Marine worm Nereis sp, L. vannamei broodstock, earthworm Pheretima sp

Judul: Pemberian astaxanthin dan vitamin E dalam pakan terhadap perkembangan gonad calon induk udang vaname, Litopenaeus vannamei.
Abstrak: High quality of shrimp larvae produced by using a good broodstock. Increase production high quality of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) broodstock can be done with the addition of vitamin E or astaxanthin. A dose used was 350 ppm vitamin E, 500 ppm astaxanthin, combination of 350 ppm vitamin E and 500 ppm astaxanthin, combination of 175 ppm vitamin E and 250 ppm astaxanthin. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of astaxanthin and vitamin E supplementation with different dose in the feed on gonad maturity of white shrimp broodstock. Feeding of vitamin E and astaxanthin was performed in three times, at 06.00, 12.00 and 20.00 by as much as 2% of the shrimp weight. The results showed that dose was used combination of 175 ppm vitamin E and 250 ppm astaxanthin giving highest relative survival (100.00±0.00%), growth rate of broodstock shrimp (1.07±0.26%/day), the fastest maturity of first gonads level achieved 14 days (19.45 ±4.81%), maturity of fourth gonads level achieved 41 days, levels of spawning (33.33±8.33%), fecundity (87000±2000 eggs) and hatching rate (49±1.53%).
Keyword: vitamin E., white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, astaxanthin

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular