Judul: Analisis In Silico Senyawa Aktif Kulit Kayu Gmelina (Gmelina arborea) Terhadap Penghambatan 3C-like Protease SARS-CoV-2 EPI_ISL_467376
Abstrak: SARS-CoV-2 merupakan virus yang saat ini menyebar ke seluruh dunia, salah satunya yaitu Indonesia. Virus SARS-CoV-2 dapat menyebabkan penyakit COVID-19 dengan berbagai gejala dan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Replikasi virus ini disebabkan adanya aktivitas protein 3C-like Protease. Potensi penghambatan 3C-like Protease oleh senyawa aktif pada kulit kayu gmelina dapat dianalisis secara in silico untuk melihat interaksi senyawa dengan reseptor. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari interaksi antara senyawa aktif kulit kayu gmelina (Gmelina arborea) dalam menghambat reseptor 3C-like Protease SARS-CoV-2 EPI_ISL_467376 melalui uji in silico dengan parameter energi bebas Gibbs (ΔG), konstanta inhibisi, ikatan hidrogen, dan interaksi hidrofobik. Potensi terbaik terlihat pada Balanophonin dengan ΔG -6.6 kkal/mol dan Ki -14.43 μM. Ikatan hidrogen yang dihasilkan sebanyak satu dan interaksi hidrofobik yang dihasilkan sebanyak 15. Berdasarkan parameter tersebut, kulit kayu gmelina berpotensi dalam menghambat 3C-like Protease SARS-CoV-2 EPI_ISL_467376. Kata kunci: Molecular docking, SARS-CoV-2, senyawa aktif, 3C-like Protease, SARS-CoV-2 was a virus that spread all over the world nowadays, one of them was Indonesia. The SARS-CoV-2 virus was able to cause COVID-19 disease with various symptoms and was able to cause death. The replication of this virus was due to protein of 3C-like Protease activity. Inhibition potential of 3C-like Protease by active compounds on gmelina’s bark can be analyzed in silico to see compounds interaction with the receptor. This research aimed to study the interaction between active compounds of gmelina’s bark (Gmelina arborea) in inhibiting the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 3C-like Protease from Indonesia with the parameter of Gibbs free energy (ΔG), inhibition constant, hydrogen bond, and hydrophobic interaction. Best potential was seen on Balanophonin with ΔG -6.6 kcal/mol and Ki -14.43 μM. Based on that parameter, gmelina’s bark had the potential in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 3C-like Protease from Indonesia. Keywords: Active compounds, molecular docking, SARS-CoV-2, 3C-like Protease
Keyword: Active compounds, Molecular docking, SARS-CoV-2, 3C-like Protease

Judul: Potensi Senyawa Aktif Kulit Kayu Gmelina (Gmelina arborea) sebagai Inhibitor Spike SARS-CoV-2 Asal Indonesia Melalui Uji In Silico
Abstrak: Jati putih (Gmelina arborea) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dari famili Verbenaceae. Tanaman ini biasanya dijadikan obat antidiabetes, memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, dapat meregenerasi sel serta aktivitas insektisida pada tanaman. Protein spike terdiri dari dua subunit, yaitu S1 dan S2. Subunit 1 memiliki domain pengikatan reseptor (Receptor Binding Domain/RBD) sedangkan Subunit S2 untuk proses fusi virus dengan membran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis senyawa aktif dari kulit kayu Gmelina (Gmelina arborea) sebagai inhibitor dalam interaksi Spike SARS-CoV-2 asal Indonesia dengan reseptor ACE2. Senyawa aktif yang digunakan yaitu gmelinol;4- (2hydroxyethyl) phenol[2(4 hydroxyphenyl)ethanol] ;(+) balanophonin ;2,6 dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone; 3,4,5- trimethoxyphenol, serta ligan pembanding yaitu emodin dan luteolin. Parameter yang menjadi acuan yaitu energi afinitas (ΔG), konstanta inhibisi (Ki), serta jenis interaksinya (kompetitif). Balanophonin memiliki potensi yang paling tinggi di antara ligan uji lainnya karena memiliki nilai energi afinitas ikatan yang paling tinggi yaitu -5,6 kcal/mol, serta berbanding lurus dengan KI sebesar 78,10 μM., White teak (Gmelina arborea) is a plant from Verbenaceae family that has antioxidant activities. This plant is usually used as antidiabetic medicine, antioxidant activities, cell regeneration and insecticidal activity for plants. The spike protein consists of the two subunits: S1 and S2. Subunit 1 has the receptor binding domain (RBD), while Subunit 2 is used as viral fusion process with the membrane. The aim for this research was to analyze active compounds from Gmelina arborea teak bark as the inhibitor in the interaction of Spike SARS-CoV- 2 from Indonesia with ACE2 receptor. The active compounds that were being analyzed were Gmelinol;4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-phenol [2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol] ; (+)Balanophonin ; 2,6dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone ; 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol, with Emodin and Luteolin as the ligands comparison. The parameters for the references were Affinity energy (ΔG), inhibition constant (Ki), and the interaction type (competitive). Balanophonin has the highest potential among other ligands since it has the highest binding affinity energy of -5,6 kcal / mol, and it is directly proportional to the KI value of 78,10 μM.
Keyword: Active compounds, balanophonin, Gmelina arborea, In Silico, spike protein

Judul: Asymptotic Distribution of Estimator for the Intensity Function of a Doubly Periodic Poisson Process
Abstrak: In this manuscript, estimation of the intensity function of a doubly periodic Poisson process is discussed. It is assumed that only a single realization of the Poisson process is observed in a bounded window [0,n]. It is also assumed that the period of the intensity function is known. The rate of consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator are formulated. Finally, a confidence interval for the local intensity function is also formulated.
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