Judul: Physiological Responses of Friesian Holstein Cow Based on Shoulder Height after Drinking Water in The Noon Observation
Abstrak: Adanya perbedaan tinggi pundak pada sapi perah Friesians Holstein dapat menimbulkan beban kerja yang berbeda pada sistem pernapasan dan kardiovaskular. Hal ini dapat memengaruhi respons fisiologis sapi setelah pemberian air minum. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh respons fisiologis yang muncul setelah adanya pemberian air minum pada waktu siang hari pada sapi Friesians Holstein betina. Penelitian ini menggunakan 12 ekor sapi perah Friesians Holstein betina dengan rentang tinggi pundak 128-148 cm yang dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok. Parameter yang dilihat meliputi respon fisiologis (suhu tubuh, suhu rektal, denyut jantung, dan frekuensi pernapasan). Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dengan data primer yang sudah dikumpulkan untuk memberikan gambaran yang diperoleh. Perbedaan tinggi pundak pada sapi perah Friesians Holstein tidak berdampak terhadap suhu permukaan kulit dan frekuensi denyut jantung. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan semakin tinggi besaran tinggi pundak maka semakin besar nilai suhu permukaan kulit pada sapi tersebut. Sebaliknya, semakin tinggi besaran tinggi pundak, frekuensi denyut jantung sapi perah betina akan semakin sedikit frekuensinya., The difference in shoulder height in Holstein Friesian dairy cows could cause different workloads on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and affect the cow's physiological response after drinking. This research aimed to determine and analyze the effects after providing drinking in the noon observation on the physiological responses of Friesian Holstein cows. The study used 12 Holstein Friesians dairy cows with a shoulder height ranged from 128-148 cm, being divided into 3 groups. The observed variables were physiological responses (body temperature, rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory frequency). The descriptive analysis was used in this study. The results showed the different in shoulder height in Friesian Holstein dairy cows had no impact on skin surface temperature and heart rate frequency. To conclude, the higher of the shoulder height, the greater the value of the skin surface temperature on the cow. On the other hand, the higher the shoulder height, the lower the frequency of the dairy cow's heart rate.
Keyword: air minum, respons fisiologis, sapi perah, tinggi pundak

Judul: Surface temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate of friesian holstein crossbred under different microclimate
Abstrak: Sapi perah Peranakan Friesian Holstein merupakan hewan yang peka terhadap perubahan kondisi mikroklimat. Inovasi teknologi sebagai alat bantu diagnosa yang efisien dan akurat seperti kamera termal inframerah sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan nilai suhu permukaan terhadap kondisi pagi dan siang hari di Kebon Pedes, Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan pada 3 ekor sapi perah betina selama 5 hari dengan melakukan pemetaan citra kamera termal pada permukaan tubuh. Suhu permukaan dan suhu bagian kandang diukur menggunakan Flir One Pro Thermal Cam, suhu rektal diukur menggunakan termometer, frekuensi pernafasan dengan Go Direct® Respiration Belt Vernier, frekuensi denyut jantung dengan stetoskop, dan keadaan mikroklimat diukur menggunakan Xiaomi Mijia Thermo-Hygrometer 2. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan Uji T untuk membandingkan nilai hearth rate dan respiration rate pada pagi dan siang hari. Selain itu, uji two-way dan one-way ANOVA untuk membandingkan nilai suhu permukaan regio pada pagi dan siang serta membandingkan nilai suhu permukaan antar regio. Perbedaan waktu pengambilan data pada pagi dan siang hari menghasilkan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada data fisiologis, suhu permukaan, dan mikroklimat. Analisis statistik menunjukkan suhu permukaan mata dan 4 kuartir ambing tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan (P>0,05) dengan suhu rektal. Suhu permukaan ideal untuk memperkirakan suhu inti rektal adalah regio mata., The Friesian Holstein crossbred are highly sensitive to changes in microclimatic conditions. Technological innovations such as infrared thermal cameras are essential as efficient and accurate diagnostic tools. This research aimed to determine the changes in surface temperature values under morning and afternoon conditions in Kebon Pedes, Bogor. The study was conducted on three female dairy cows for five days by mapping thermal camera images on their body surfaces. Surface temperature and temperature inside the barn were measured using the Flir One Pro Thermal Cam, rectal temperature was measured using a thermometer, respiration rate was measured using the Go Direct® Respiration Belt Vernier, heart rate was measured using a stethoscope, and microclimatic conditions were measured using the Xiaomi Mijia Thermo-Hygrometer 2. Data analysis was performed using the T-test to compare heart rate and respiration rate between morning and afternoon. Additionally, two-way and one-way ANOVA were used to compare surface temperature values between morning and afternoon, as well as to compare surface temperature values among different regions. The time difference in data collection between morning and afternoon resulted in significant differences (P<0.05) in physiological data, surface temperature, and microclimate. Statistical analysis showed that the surface temperature of the eyes and the four quarters of the udder did not exhibit significant differences (P>0.05) compared to rectal temperature. The ideal surface temperature for estimating the rectal core temperature was found in the eye region.
Keyword: dairy, microclimate, surface temperature, thermal camera

Judul: Pelabelan Super Vertex Magic
Abstrak: Super vertex magic labeling is labeling on graph with is a set of edges mapped into and is a set of vertices mapped into . It has a vertex magic labeling in which and represents the size and order of the graph respectively. This manuscript proves that paths, cyclics, and disjoint union of cyclics have a super vertex magic labeling. There are four theorems to be discussed. The first theorem proves that path is super vertex magic if and only if is odd and . The second theorem proves that cyclic is super vertex magic if and only if is odd. The third theorem proves that bijection function from an edge set onto of graph can be extended to a super vertex magic labeling if and only if the set amount of edge label that incidents with a vertex in the graph, consists of sequential integers as many as vertices in the graph. The fourth theorem proves that disjoint union of the cyclics consists of cyclics with each cyclic has vertices is super vertex magic if and only if and are odd.
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