Judul: Peningkatan Protein Onggok-Urea-Zeolit yang Difermentasi oleh Aspergillus niger (Cassabio) dengan Penambahan Amonium Sulfat sebagai Sumber Sulfur
Abstrak: Onggok merupakan limbah padatan yang berasal dari pembuatan tapioka ubi kayu. Limbah ini masih mengandung pati dalam jumlah yang tinggi akan tetapi sering menimbulkan masalah lingkungan, karena berpotensi sebagai polutan di daerah sekitar pabrik. Onggok dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai makanan ternak akan tetapi kandungan proteinnya rendah, kurang dari 5% dengan kandungan serat yang tinggi sekitar 35%. Salah satu teknologi alternatif untuk meningkatkan kualitas onggok adalah melalui proses fermentasi. Proses tersebut dapat dilakukan secara fermentasi padat dengan menggunakan kapang Aspergillus niger sebagai inokulum, ditambah campuran urea sebagai sumber nitrogen anorganik dan zeolit sebagai sumber mineral dan penyerap amonia dalam konsentrasi tinggi. Kualitas onggokurea- zeolit fermentasi (cassabio) ini dapat dioptimalkan dari segi kandungan protein kasar dan protein murni dengan penambahan amonium sulfat sebagai sumber nitrogen dan sulfur. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut terdiri atas AS1 (tanpa penambahan amonium sulfat), AS2 (penambahan amonium sulfat 0,5%), AS3 (penambahan amonium sulfat 1%) dan AS4 (penambahan amonium sulfat 1,5%). Hasil data yang diperoleh diolah dengan meggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut Duncan (Steel and Torrie, 1997).
Keyword: cassava starch, onggok fermentation process, crude protein content, Complete Random Design, ANOVA, Duncan test

Judul: Evaluasi Sifat Fisik Tepung Onggok-Urea-Zeolit yang Difermentasi Aspergillus niger (CASSABIO)
Abstrak: Onggok is solid waste from production of tapioca starch. This product contains high levels of starch and low crude protein. Cassava pulp can be used as feed for poultry by enriching the crude protein (CP). Onggok was added with 3% urea and 2.5% zeolite and was fermented by Aspergillus niger at 28-32 oC for six days. The product named cassabio. This research was aimed to evaluate physical characterstic, particle size, moisture content, pH, water activity and mash microstructure of cassabio compared with those of onggok. This research used t-test student with two treatments and four replications. The results of this research showed that the moisture, pH, Aw, specific density, bulk density, compacted bulk density, respone of angle of cassabio were significantly affect (P<0.05). Cassabio had lowest value for moisture, Aw and easy flow material than onggok. Difference existence of this physical properties indicated that every feedstuff had own specific character.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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