Judul: Perancangan proses produksi metil ester sulfonat dari minyak sawit dan uji efektivitasnya pada pendesakan minyak bumi, Process design for production of palm oil based methyl ester sulfonates and its effectiveness test on oil displacement
Abstrak: Surfactant is a surface-active agent that can be produced by a chemical or biochemical synthesis. The main characteristic of a surfactant is having polar iod non-polar groups at the same molecule and forming head-tail configuration. The surface active characteristics of surfactant have an ability to reduce surface particle.
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Judul: Kajian Pengarah Rasio Mol Reaktan dan Lama Reaksi pada Proses Produksi Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat
Abstrak: Surfaktan merupakan senyawa aktif penurun tegangan permukaan (surface active agent) yang dapat diproduksi secara sintesis kimiawi atall biokimiawi. Sebagian besar surfaktan disintesis dari turunan minyak humi, seperti linier alkilbenzen sulfonat (LAS), alkil sulfat (AS), alkil etoksilat (AE) dan alkil etoksilat sulfat (AES). Metil ester sulfonat (MES) merupakan salah satu jenis surfaktan anionik berbasis oleokimia yang ternyata mampu menjadi pesaing bagi linier alkilbenzen sulfonat (LAS). Metil ester sulfonat (MES) telah mulai dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan aktif pada produk-produk pembersih (washing and cleaning products) "Matheson, 1996). Surfaktan metil ester sulfonat dapat disintesis secam kimiawi menggunakan bahan baku metil ester inti sawit.
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Judul: Pengukuran Jantung Kelinci New Zealand White (Oryctolagus cuniculus) dengan Radiografi Toraks
Abstrak: This research was conducted to evaluate radiographs heart size of anaesthetized New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) under different combination of ketamine and xylazine. The rabbits were divided into three groups. Group A were anaesthetized using a 35 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=5). Group B were anaesthetized using a 40 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=3) while group C were anaesthetized using 45 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=3). Parameter of observation from left laterolateral view were: 1) the apicobasilar length of the heart (AB), 2) the width of the heart (CD), 3) the distance between the cranial edge of the fifth rib and the caudal edge of the seventh rib perpendicular to the spine (R5-7), and 4) the vertical depth of the toraks (H). Parameter of observation from dorsoventral view were: 1) the length of the heart (L), 2) the width of the heart (W), and 3) the width of the thorax (T). The result from the heart parameters observation that were measured in left laterolateral view and dorsoventral view shows theres no significantly differ among the groups (P > 0.05). The vertebrae heart size (VHS) values obtained from the sum of the length of the long and the short axes on left laterolateral view. The long axes mean values (A) were 4.35±0.26 v and the short axes mean values (B) were 3.59±0.30 v, therefore VHS mean values were 7.94±0.49 v. On the dorsoventral view, the length of the heart mean values (L) were 4.32±0.29 cm, the width of the heart mean values (W) were 3.33±0.26 cm, and the width of the thorax mean values (T) were 5.85±0.30 cm. In normal conditions, the width of the heart should be less than two-thirds the width of the thorax and values obtained of 3.33<3.72 it shows that the heart is in the normal range. The best ratio to calculated the normal heart dimension in the left laterolateral view was compared the long axes with the vertical depth of the thorax, whereas in dorsoventral view, the length of the heart was compared with the width of the heart.
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