Judul: Analisis Daya Saing dan Perdagangan Produk Ekspor Kelapa Sawit Indonesia di Pasar Internasional
Abstrak: Indonesia is the largest producer of palm oil products in the world, with a production of about 44.46 percent of the total world production. Exports of palm oil products driven from the demand side, namely the growth in world consumption is equal to 3 percent per year. Although the quantity of export of palm oil products showed an increase, but starting in 2011, a change in the composition of exports of Indonesian palm oil products, namely the export of processed products or Refinery Palm Oil (RPO) increased, whereas Crude Palm Oil (CPO) decreased. This happens due to the impact of the progressive establishment of export duty on palm oil products, which began in 2007. The trend of increasing exports of Indonesian palm oil products and increased consumption of palm oil world, demonstrates the potential exports of palm oil products market is still high in the international market. The volume of exports of palm oil products in the international market is determined by the competitiveness of export products of palm oil and other determinants. To that end, the purpose of this study are: (1) analyze the competitiveness and the level of competition Indonesian palm oil export products in the international market and (2) analyze the factors that affect the flow of trade in products of Indonesian palm oil exports as well as the potential for trade in the international market. Secondary data were used in the form of panel data is a merger between the data time series and cross section. The analysis method used in this study were: (1) descriptive analysis, (2) analysis of the competitiveness of the method of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), (3) Spearman rank correlation analysis, (4) analysis of panel data with gravity models, and ( 5) analysis of the ratio of trade potential. Research results indicate that the export product trade Indonesian palm oil in the international market has the highest comparative advantage for CPO (average value of 64.72 RCA) and the lowest for the RPO (average value of 32.37 RCA), although seen from the RCA all products Indonesian palm oil exports show has a comparative advantage. Based on the analysis of competitiveness, Indonesia has a negative correlation with Malaysia's CPO and RPO market. The variables that significantly influence the volume of Indonesian CPO exports include Indonesia's real GDP per capita, real GDP per capita of the country of destination, within the Indonesian economy with the country of destination and the exchange rate against the local currency unit (LCU). While the variables that are not significant to the CPO export volume is a progressive export tax on palm oil products. RPO model, the variables that significantly affect Indonesia's per capita real GDP, real GDP per capita of the country of destination, the rupiah against the LCU, and a progressive export tax. While the variables that are not significant to the export volume RPO is the distance of the Indonesian economy with the country of destination. Indonesian CPO trade potential ratio shows that the trade is still under trade and potentially increase in the future is the China, Netherland,
Keyword: competitiveness, exports, gravity models, palm oil

Judul: Competitiveness of Indonesia Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Exports in Main Destination Countries
Abstrak: Kelapa sawit adalah salah satu komoditas sub sektor perkebunan yang memiliki peran penting dalam perekonomian nasional. Kelapa sawit menghasilkan produk utama yaitu CPO (Crude Palm Oil). Indonesia merupakan negara dengan produksi CPO terbesar di dunia. Seiring dengan pergeseran konsumsi minyak nabati dunia kepada minyak sawit, volume ekspor CPO di pasar dunia juga semakin meningkat. Adanya kebijakan bea keluar tahun 2008 menyebabkan perubahan komposisi ekspor produk kelapa sawit yang awalnya berupa minyak sawit mentah menjadi produk turunannya. Malaysia merupakan negara pesaing yang melakukan ekspor CPO di dunia. Negara tujuan utama ekspor CPO Indonesia adalah India, Belanda, Malaysia, Italia, dan Singapura. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kinerja ekspor CPO Indonesia di pasar dunia dan menganalisis daya saing ekspor CPO Indonesia di pasar dunia terutama negara tujuan utama. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) untuk menghitung keunggulan komparatif CPO Indonesia dan Market Share Index (MSI) untuk menghitung pangsa pasar CPO Indonesia di negara tujuan utama dibandingkan dengan negara pesaing. Hasil dari analisis RCA menunjukkan bahwa CPO Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif di negara tujuan utama ekspor sedangkan analisis MSI menunjukkan jika CPO Indonesia memiliki pangsa pasar yang besar di India, Italia, dan Singapura. Hasil dari kedua analisis tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki daya saing yang kuat di negara tujuan ekspor., Oil palm is one of the plantation sub-sector commodities that has an important role in the national economy. Palm oil produces the main product, namely CPO (Crude Palm Oil). Indonesia is a country with the largest CPO production in the world. In line with the shift in world vegetable oil consumption to palm oil, the volume of CPO exports on the world market is also increasing. The export duty policy in 2008 caused a change in the export composition of palm oil products from crude palm oil to its derivative products. Malaysia is a competitor country that exports CPO in the world. The main export destinations for Indonesian CPO are India, the Netherlands, Malaysia, Italy and Singapore. The purpose of this research is to analyze the performance of Indonesian CPO exports in world markets and to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian CPO exports in world markets, especially the main destination countries. The methods used in this research are Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) to calculate the comparative advantage of Indonesian CPO and Market Share Index (MSI) to calculate the market share of Indonesian CPO in the main destination countries compared to competing countries. The results of the RCA analysis show that Indonesian CPO has a comparative advantage in the main export destination countries, while MSI's analysis shows that Indonesian CPO has a large market share in India, Italy and Singapore. The results of the two analyzes indicate that Indonesia has strong competitiveness in export destination countries.
Keyword: export duty, comparative advantage, market share, export potential, RCA

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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