Judul: Validation of the Red-Eared Slider Turtle Trachemys scripta elegans (Wied-Neuwied, 1839) Traded in Bogor Based on Cytochrome Oxydase Subunit I (COI) Gene Markers
Abstrak: Kura-kura Brazil Trachemys scripta elegans (Wied-Nuwied, 1839), termasuk hewan introduksi semi akuatik di Indonesia. Namun, keberadaannya dikhawatirkan dapat mengancam spesies lokal akibat pelepasliaran di perairan bebas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk validasi secara molekuler spesies kura-kura Brazil (Trachemys scripta elegans) di wilayah Bogor, Jawa Barat yang didasarkan pada marka gen COI. Metode yang digunakan meliputi isolasi dan ekstraksi DNA, elektroforesis, amplifikasi, serta sekuensing. Analisis data berupa analisis morfologi, pensejajaran nukleotida, validasi fragmen COI, perhitungan jarak genetik, konstruksi pohon filogenetik, dan keragaman haplotype. Hasil didapat berupa 11 DNA target yang memiliki jarak genetik < 3% dengan Trachemys scripta elegans, hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat dengan Trachemys scripta elegans, serta keragaman haplotype yang sedang. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sampel berpotensi menjadi invasif jika dilepasliarkan secara bebas dan tervalidasi dengan Trachemys scripta elegans berdasarkan identifikasi molekuler.
Keyword: gen COI, identifikasi molekuler, T. scripta elegans

Judul: Validasi Kura-Kura Brazil Trachemys scripta elegans (WiedNeuwied, 1839) yang DiperjualBelikan di Bogor Berdasarkan Marka Gen 16S rRNA.
Abstrak: Kura-kura Brazil Trachemys scripta elegans (Wied-Nuwied, 1839) merupakan kura-kura semi akuatik introduksi yang berasal dari Amerika bagian tengah atau selatan yang banyak diminati masyarakat Indonesia sebagai hewan peliharaan. Keberadaan spesies ini dikhawatirkan dapat mengancam spesies lokal akibat pelepasan secara liar di perairan bebas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memvalidasi secara molekuler spesies kura-kura Brazil (Trachemys scripta elegans) di tiga wilayah Bogor, Jawa Barat sebagai informasi hubungan kekerabatannya berdasarkan marka gen 16S rRNA. Metode yang digunakan yaitu isolasi dan ekstraksi DNA, elektroforesis, amplifikasi dan visualisasi, dan sekuensing gen 16S rRNA. A nalisis data berupa analisis morfologi, validasi fragmen 16S rRNA, pensejajaran nukleotida, perhitungan jarak genetik, dan konstruksi pohon filogenetik. Hasil PCR kesebelas sampel menunjukkan pita DNA tunggal yang terang dan tebal. Validasi seluruh sampel merujuk pada Trachemys scripta elegans dengan nilai persen identifikasi ≥ 99,50%, dan diperoleh hasil jarak genetik < 3% dengan Trachemys scripta elegans, serta hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat dengan Trachemys scripta elegans. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh yaitu sampel tervalidasi dengan Trachemys scripta elegans berdasarkan identifikasi molekuler dan berpotensi menjadi invasif jika dilepas secara liar dan bebas di perairan., The Brazilian tortoise Trachemys scripta elegans (Wied-Nuwied, 1839) is an introduced semi-aquatic turtle originating from Central or South America that is in great demand by Indonesian people as pets. The existence of this species is feared to threaten local species due to release in free waters. The aim of this study was to molecularly validate the species of Brazilian turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) in three areas of Bogor, West Java as information on their kinship based on 16S rRNA gene markers. The methods used were DNA isolation and extraction, electrophoresis, amplification and visualization, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A data analysis in the form of morphological analysis, validation of 16S rRNA fragments, nucleotide alignment, calculation of genetic distances, and construction of phylogenetic trees. The PCR results of the eleven samples showed a single bright and thick DNA band. The validation of all samples referred to Trachemys scripta elegans with a percent identification value of ≥ 99.50%, and the results obtained were <3% genetic distance with Trachemys scripta elegans, as well as close kinship with Trachemys scripta elegans. The conclusion obtained is that the samples were validated with Trachemys scripta elegans based on molecular identification and have the potential to become invasive if released wildly and freely into the waters.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, genetic, Trachemys scripta elegans

Judul: Dynamic New Keynesian Model for Unemployment and Inflation Rate.
Abstrak: This paper deals with a scientific analysis of the equilibrium level of hiring, employment and unemployment. The basic model being used is a standard new Keynesian model, which states that utility function depends on consumptions and working hours. Utility maximization refers to a standard labour supply equation, with the marginal cost’s dynamics on new Keynesian model simply reflects movements in real wages and productivity. Furthermore, trade-off between output and inflation stabilization can be considered using the new Keynesian Phillips curve. Dynamic general equilibrium model is a model that can be used to study interactions between market imperfections and nominal rigidities, which is capable of overcoming the main shortcoming of the standard new Keynesian model. In the general equilibrium model there are three groups of the economy agents, namely households, firms and monetary authority. The results of this research science that bargaining processes between firms and workers will yield optimal wage. Increase in labour will cause wages to fall, but the unemployment rate can be reduced. An increase in the firm’s monopoly power will shift the labour demand curve downward, which will reduce the number of workers that firm is willing to hire for any given bargained wage.
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