Judul: PLAG1 Gene Polymorphism of SNP c.795A>G in Bali, PO, and Madura Cattle Using PCR-RFLP
Abstrak: Gen PLAG1 merupakan salah satu gen pengontrol pertumbuhan dan ukuran tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keragaman gen PLAG1 dengan metode PCR-RFLP. Sampel DNA sapi yang digunakan sebanyak 90 sampel yang terdiri dari 30 ekor sapi bali, 30 ekor sapi PO kebumen, dan 30 ekor sapi madura. Analisis keragaman gen PLAG1 menggunakan metode Polymerase Chain ReactionRestriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) dengan enzim restriksi Sac1. Program Popgen32 digunakan untuk menganalisis frekuensi genotipe, frekuensi alel, nilai heterosigositas, dan keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg. Amplifikasi fragmen gen PLAG1 pada exon 2 region 1 menghasilkan panjang produk PCR sebesar 776 bp dan 2 alel (A dan G) pada sapi bali dan madura, serta 1 alel (A) pada sapi PO. Genotipe yang dihasilkan adalah AA (562 bp dan 182 bp), AG (562 bp, 182 bp, dan 104 bp), dan GG (562 bp dan 104 bp). Frekuensi alel tertinggi sapi PO dan madura pada alel A dan sapi bali pada alel G. Hasil analisis keragaman menunjukan bahwa gen PLAG1 pada populasi sapi bali dan madura bersifat polimorfik (beragam) dan pada populasi sapi PO bersifat monomorfik., The PLAG1 gene is one of the genes that control growth and body size. This study aimed to analyze the polymorphism of the PLAG1 gene using PCR-RFLP. The total sample used was 90 samples consisting of 30 bali cattle, 30 PO cattle, and 30 madura cattle breeds. Analysis of PLAG1 gene polymorphism was carried out using PCR-RFLP and Sac1 restriction enzyme. Popgen32 was used to analyze the genotype and allele frequencies, heterozygosity, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. PLAG1 gene amplification resulted from 776 bp fragments and 2 alleles (A and G) in bali and madura cattle, and only 1 allele (A) in PO cattle. The PLAG1 gene consisted of three genotypes i.e. AA (562 bp and 182 bp), AG (562 bp, 182 bp, and 104 bp), and GG (562 bp and 104 bp). The highest allele frequency of the A allele was found in PO and madura cattle and the G allele in bali cattle. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the PLAG1 gene in bali and madura cattle were polymorphic but monomorphic in PO cattle.
Keyword: Gen PLAG1, PCR-RFLP, polimorfisme

Judul: Keragaman SNP c.957 A>C Gen PLAG1 (Pleomorphic Adenoma Gene 1) pada Sapi Bali Menggunakan Metode PCR-RFLP.
Abstrak: Gen Pleomorphic Adenoma Gene 1 (PLAG1) merupakan salah satu gen pengontrol pertumbuhan dan ukuran tubuh sapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis keragaman gen PLAG1 sebagai kandidat gen pengontrol pertumbuhan di posisi SNP c.957 A>C pada sapi bali dengan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR RFLP). Digunakan sebanyak 30 sampel sapi bali Village Breeding Center (VBC) Nusa Penida, Provinsi Bali dan 30 sampel sapi bali Village Breeding Center (VBC) Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan. Keragaman SNP c.957 A>C gen PLAG1 dilakukan dengan teknik PCR-RFLP. Genotipe yang ditemukan polimorfik yaitu genotipe homozigot (AA dan CC) dan genotipe heterozigot (AC) dari gen PLAG1 dengan frekuensi alel A dan alel C masing-masing nilai 0.1 dan 0.9 pada sapi bali Nusa Penida serta nilai 0.08 dan 0.92 pada sapi bali Kabupaten Barru. Frekuensi alel di kedua lokasi tidak berada dalam keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg dengan nilai keragaman yang rendah., The Pleomorphic Adenoma Gene 1 (PLAG1) is a gene that controls cattle growth and body size. This study aimed to identify and analyze the polymorphism of the SNP c.957 A>C PLAG1 gene in Bali cattle using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. As much as 30 samples of Bali cattle from Village Breeding Center (VBC) Nusa Penida, Province of Bali, and 30 samples of Bali cattle from Village Breeding Center (VBC) Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan were used in this study. Polymorphism of the SNP c.957 A>C PLAG1 gene was done by PCR-RFLP technic. The genotypes of the PLAG1 gene were found to be polymorphic with homozygous genotypes (AA and CC) and heterozygous genotypes (AC). A and C allele frequencies were 0.1 and 0.9 for Bali cattle Nusa Penida, while 0.08 and 0.92 for Bali cattle Kabupaten Barru. Allele frequencies in two locations are not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with a low diversity rate.
Keyword: bali cattle, PLAG1 gene, SNP, PCR-RFLP

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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