Judul: Amfibi sebagai satwa peliharaan: Ekspor, Impor dan Perdagangan Domestik
Abstrak: Indonesia has exported amphibian as frozen frog legs (listed since 1969 under fishery product) for consumption and live amphibian (listed since 1983 under reptilian class in forestry product) for pets. There are also live amphibian trading in local level i.e in markets and malls. This research aims to identify amphibian species exported and imported by investigating document from related administration and to identify amphibian species traded in domestic market by observation at Jakarta. Research is primarily conducted by processing quota data taken from Department of Forestry Republic of Indonesia database in Jakarta. Market observation was carried out in 18 locations (3 markets and 15 malls) in Jakarta. I carried out interview with trader and export business, which related to net trading live amphibians for pets. Respondent was choosen using snowball sampling manner. Name of species is written according to Iskandar & Coljin (2000). If there is no such record in the checklist (for example species are from outside Indonesia), then the species name is written according to Frost (2004). There are 56 species from eight families of wild amphibians that have pets quota between 1998-2008. Nineteen species was traded since 1983. The highest export quota is Litoria caerulea (21,37%). Allocation of highest catching quota is for BKSDA Jayapura (20,40%) and BKSDA Papua Barat (18,96%). Four species are included in IUCN Red List categories as vulnerable, among others are Limnonectes macrodon, Meristogenys jerboa, Nyctixalus margaritifer and Rhacophorus margaritifer. The number of amphibians that have export realization are 39 species. Two species of amphibian, Leptobrachium hasseltii and Rhacophorus margaritifer are amphibian species whose been known infected by chytrid fungus in the wild. The biggest species exported is Litoria caerulea (54,34%). Between 1983-1991, the biggest import amphibian for pets from Indonesia (66,13%) is Netherlands. Number of quota was relative stable in the last eight years, where as the number of export realization is more fluctuates. Amphibian species imported and re-exported between 1983-2008 come from Africa, South Asia, Malaysian, Archipelago Oceania, North America, Central America and South America. The number of pet amphibian species traded at domestic market is less than exported. Data showed that Indonesia imports 15 amphibian species between 1983-2008, However I found different species in the market that was unrecorded in the Ministry of Forestry data, which is the Fire Belly Salamander.
Keyword: 

Judul: Herpetofauna Trade Via E-commerce in Indonesia
Abstrak: Pemasaran satwa liar dalam skala komersial saat ini berkembang melalui platform perdagangan elektronik, namun penelitian terkait perdagangan satwa liar di Indonesia khususnya herpetofauna melalui media internet masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah perdagangan herpetofauna pada platform e-commerce yang populer di Indonesia yaitu Tokopedia, Shopee, Lazada dan Bukalapak dengan metode pengambilan data melalui aplikasi web scraping. Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 117 jenis herpetofauna dari 38 famili, yang terdiri dari 106 jenis reptilia dan 11 jenis amfibia. Kategori produk yang paling banyak ditawarkan adalah satwa hidup sebagai hewan peliharaan. Sebanyak 6 jenis termasuk dalam satwa dilindungi menurut Permen LHK No. 106 tahun 2018 yaitu Crocodylus porosus (buaya muara), Morelia viridis (sanca hijau), Python bivittatus (sanca bodo), Orlitia borneensis (kura-kura byuku), Varanus nebulosus (biawak abu-abu) dan Varanus panoptes (biawak argus). Perdagangan herpetofauna terbanyak terdapat di Jawa Barat kemudian Jakarta. Total nilai ekonomi yang dihasilkan selama tahun 2017 sampai 2022 sebesar Rp3.355.750.470., Sales of wildlife use on a commercial scale has now developed into various online platform, however research related to wildlife trade in Indonesia, especially herpetofauna through the internet is still limited. This study aims to examine the herpetofauna trade on a popular e-commerce platform in Indonesia, namely: Tokopedia, Shopee, Lazada and Bukalapak using web scraping application data retrieval method. The results recorded 117 species of herpetofauna from 38 families, comprising of 106 species of reptiles and 11 species of amphibians. The most offered product category is live animals as pets. Six species are included under the protected animals list according to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry No. 106 from 2018, namely Crocodylus porosus (saltwater crocodile), Morelia viridis (green tree python), Python bivittatus (burmese python), Orlitia borneensis (Malaysian giant turtle), Varanus nebulosus (clouded monitor) and Varanus panoptes (argus monitor). The most herpetofauna trade is in West Java, then Jakarta. The total economic value during the period of 2017 to 2022 is IDR 3,355,750,470.
Keyword: amphibian, economic value, reptile, trade

Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik.
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik