Judul: Exchange Rate Pass-Through di Indonesia: Threshold Vector Autoresion (TVAR) Model.
Abstrak: Nilai tukar Indonesia saat ini cenderung mengalami depresiasi yang dikhawatiran akan meningkatkan tingkat inflasi. Tingkat inflasi yang tinggi akan menyebabkan penurunan daya beli uang dan biasanya mengurangi tingkat pendapatan riil yang diperoleh investor dari investasinya. Dikarenakan hal tersebut penting untuk melihat besarnya Exchange Rate Pass-Through (ERPT) di Indonesia. ERPT digunakan untuk melihat besarnya pengaruh pergerakan nilai tukar terhadap pembentukan harga pada suatu negara. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya ditemukan bahwa adanya sifat nonlinieritas terhadap ERPT di beberapa negara. Penelitian ERPT sudah dilakukan di Indonesia namun masih menggunakan metode linear seperti VAR, VECM, ECM dan ARDL. Tingginya tingkat volatilitas inflasi Indonesia membuat Indonesia cocok menghitung ERPT menggunakan metode Threshold Vector Autoregression (TVAR). TVAR menghitung ERPT nonlinier Indonesia dengan membagi data menjadi dua rezim yaitu rezim inflasi rendah dan rezim inflasi tinggi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data bulanan Januari 2000 hingga Desember 2017. Variabel threshold yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu DLCPI dengan nilai 0.0083. Nilai ini terjadi pada bulan Maret 2005 dimana aktual inflasi Indonesia saat itu mencapai 1.94 persen. Nilai DLCPI yang berada dibawah 0.0084 akan dikelompokkan ke dalam rezim inflasi rendah sedangkan nilai DLCPI yang berada diatas atau sama dengan 0.0084 akan dikelompokkan ke dalam rezim inflasi tinggi. Hasil menunjukkan guncangan NEER hanya akan mempengaruhi harga, output gap dan JIBOR ketika rezim inflasi tinggi dan tidak stabil ketika rezim inflasi rendah.
Keyword: ERPT, rezim inflasi, TVAR

Judul: The Linkage Exchange Rate Pass-through within the monetary Policy of Inflation Targeting Framework.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini menganalisis mekanisme exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) pada perekonomian Indonesia sebelum dan sesudah implementasi kebijakan moneter inflation targeting (IT). Penelitian ini khususnya menganalisis transmisi perubahan nilai tukar ke harga domestik sepanjang jalur distribusi. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan model SVAR, dengan tujuan pada estimasi struktural impulse response function sebagai alat untuk menganalisis derajat dan kecepatan dari shock nilai tukar terhadap perubahan harga domestik. Dekomposisi varian juga dihitung untuk menangkap relatif pentingnya guncangan dari shock nilai tukar dalam menjelaskan perubahan harga. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, periode setelah implementasi kebijakan IT volatilitas nilai tukar lebih tinggi daripada sebelum kebijakan IT. Pada periode setelah implementasi kebijakan IT, koefisien ERPT harga produsen dan konsumen mengalami penurunan, sedangkan koefisien ERPT harga impor mengalami peningkatan. Pada periode sebelum implementasi IT, koefisien ERPT tertinggi adalah harga produsen, sedangkan setelah implementasi IT koefisien ERPT tertinggi adalah harga impor.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, Exchange rate pass-through, Inflation targeting, SVAR, Impulse response, Domestic price, Transmisi, SUAR

Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis