Judul: Perolehan Kembali Karet dari Limbah Pengolahan Lateks Dadih
Abstrak: Selama ini, petani karet rakyat menjual produknya dalam bentuk koagulum dengan mutu rendah akibat teknologi yang sederhana dan cara pengolahan ynng salah, sehingga koagulum tersebut dihargai rendah. Untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani karet, maka pada skala usaha tani akan diterapkan suatu teknologi sederhana yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan taraf hidup petani, yaitu proses pemekatan lateks pekat dengan pendadihan secara semikontinyu. Proses tersebut akan menghasilkan limbah berupa skim dan untuk mengantisipasi dampaknya terhadap lingkungan maka dilakukanlah peneiitian ini yang bertujuan uutuk mempelajari cara perolehan kembali karet (recoveIJ') sekaligus meningkatkan mutu karet skinmya.
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Judul: Pencirian Limbah dan Karet Hasil Pengolahan Lateks Skim
Abstrak: Pengolahan lateks alam menjadi !ateks pekat dengan metode sentrifugasi menghasilkan limbah caif yang disebut lateks skim. Lateks skim tersebut memiliki mutu Iimbah yangjauh melampaui ambang batas, namun masib berpotensi untuk diambil karetnya dan diolah menjadi karet skim, karena masih mengandung karet dengan kadar karet kering (KKK) sekitar 4-8%. Pada penelitian ini lateks skim diolah menjadi karet skim dengan menggunakan 3 metode, yaitu metode skim lama, skim segar, dan skim barn. Metode skim lama dilakukan dengan cam membiarkan lateks skim hingga menggumpal secara alami. Metode skim segar dan skim barn memiliki persamaan, yaitu menggumpalkan lateks skim dengan larutaR asam. Perbedaannya hanya pada perlakuan lanjutan terhadap karet skim yang diperoleh. Jika pada metode skim segar karet skim yang diperoleh langsung digiling dan dikeringkan, maka pada metode skim bam, karet skim yang diperoleh terlebih dulu direndam dengan larutan NaOH dan H3P04. Pengolahan karet skim tersebut menghasilkan Iimbah cair berupa serum sisa penggumpalan. Terhadap masing-masing Iimbah cair yang dihasilkan, dilakukan pengujian parameter Iimbah. Masing-masing karet skim yang dihasilkan diamati secara visual dan dilakukan analisis sifat teknis dan sifat fisiknya.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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