Judul: Fish hold design of live fish carrier based on technique, risk mitigation and fish survival aspects
Abstrak: The continuity of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) culture activity is influenced by availability of juvenile in lot of number in the right time, right size, and right quality. A certain method and transportation moda is needed due to a long distance between location of hatchery and rearing (growing) location in order to maintain high survival ratio. Nowadays, closed system method is applied for transporting juvenile of hunchback grouper with total length of less than 8 cm. In this method, the juveniles are put into the plastic bag with sea water and oxygen of certain composition before transported by land, sea or air transportation moda. By using this method some limitations appear such as, amount of fish juveniles and time needed for transportation. The objectives of this research are: 1) to determine the risk level of life fish carrier with ‘opened system’ to mortality ratio of fish juvenile with total length (TL) 5 – 7 cm and its risk source, 2) to determine the risk mitigation steps that can reduce level of fish juveniles mortality and 3) to determine the design of life fish carrier that can transport fish juveniles, especially the design related to existence of fish juveniles in the fish hold during transportation. Literatures review, laboratory experiments simulations, and numerical analysis methods have been applied in this research. An asessment to open system life fish carrier transporting juvenile with 5 – 7 cm TL was carried out. In general, this kind of carrier was used to transport juvenile of minimum 16 cm TL. Transporting juvenile with 5 – 7 cm TL by using open system carrier indicates high risk. A risk mitigation attempt was done by designing a fish hold equipped with resirculation water system and optimizing the amount of juveniles that could be transported in the fish hold. The result of this mitigation process showed that fish hold with keel damper constructed at the inner wall was able to reduce free surface effect during ship rolling and to maintain the ship stability toward free surface effect occured during rolling. Besides, keel damper gives positive effect in increasing oxygen concentration in the fish hold during rolling event. Another result showed that the use of combination between recirculation and aeration shows a good perfomance to maintain sea water quality in the fish hold. A certain amount of juveniles that were put in the fish hold model for simulation of the designed system resulted in the stability of seawater quality in the fish hold during the experiment and 100% survival ratio of juvenile at the end of 48 hours experiment. Based on the above result, recomended transportation moda for fish juvenile with 5 – 7 cm TL in large amount with long sailing time and high survival ratio is closed system of life fish carrier equipped with keel damper and combination system of resirculation and aeration in the fish hold with fish juvenile density depend on the oxygen consumption rate for each individual fish juvenile.
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Judul: Efektifvitas penambahan zeolit, karbon aktif, minyak cengkeh, dan garam dalam transportasi tertutup ikan maanvis Pterophyllum scalare dengan kepadatan tinggi
Abstrak: Ornamental fish transportation was usually held at high density to efficient the transportation cost. Higher density of fish carried inside the container results on higher possibility of friction among fishes, causing fishes to wound and eventually die. This research was a continuation of the previous research’s result about 20 g/ℓ zeolite addition to 2 g weighed maanvish transportation at 20 fish/ℓ density, resulting on 100% SR at 120 hours transportation. Furthermore, a research about 10 g/ℓ zeolite and 10 g/ℓ activated carbon addition to 2 g weighed coridoras fish at 20 fish/ℓ density was able to maintain a 100% SR. Addition of supplement materials such as zeolite, active carbon, clove oil, and salt is necessary. These materials were aimed to raise and maintain water quality during the transportation process, so the highest density could be attained. The aim of this research was to evaluate efectiveness of zeolite, activated carbon, clove oil, and salt to mantain water quality on good condition during closed transportation system so can minimize the mortality rate of Maanvis which transported in 120 hours dan the mortality rate after transportation. Research phases was started from measuring the oxygen consumption rate, ammonia excretion, fish fasting ability, and tolerance test towards clove oil and salt optimum dosage. This research was held for 120 hours and 30 days post-transportation rearing. Survival rate of posttransportation with density treatment of 30, 40, 50, and 60 fish/ℓ was 84%; 93%; 87%; and 74% respectively. This research resulted that 40 fish/ℓ density treatment is more effective compared to other treatments with 93% SR and highest Specific Growth Rate, namely 0,91%, and the survival rate after transportation was 100%.
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Judul: Hubungan Ciri-Ciri Pribadi dan Perilaku Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa dalam Perencanaan Pembangunan Desa
Abstrak: Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1979 menetapkan Kepala Desa sebagai pejabat pemerintahan tertinggi didesa. Diantara Kepala Desa terdapat perbedaan-perbedaan dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, karena berbedanya ciri - ciri pribadi yang mempengaruhi perilaku kepemimpinan Kepala Desa. Ciri - ciri pribadi adalah suatu ciri atau sifat seseorang yang bersumber dari unsur keturunan (hereditas) dan berkembang sesuai dengan keadaan lingkungannya. Perilaku kepemimpinan adalah tindak-tanduk seseorang dalam mengarahkan,membimbing dan mendorong orang lain agar bertingkah laku sesuai dengan yang dikehendakinya.
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