Judul: Karakterisasi Enzim dan Studi Pendahuluan Kloning Gen Dekstranase Dari Streptococcus sp.B1
Abstrak: Dekstran dalam tebu maupun nira merupakan senyawa ekstrapolisakarida yang dihasilkan oleh aktivitas bakteri tanah terutama Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Dalam industri gula keberadaan dekstran yang tinggi dalam nira sangat menghambat proses pembentukan kristal sukrosa (gula) dan menurunkan kualitas maupun kuantitas gula yang dihasilkan. Dalam bidang kesehatan, dekstran yang dihasilkan oleh bakteri dalam mulut menyebabkan tejadinya pluque yang dapat menyakibatkan kerusakan gigi (caries dental). Dekstranase (EC. 3.2.1.11) adalah enzim ekstraselular yang dapat dihasilkan oleh beberapa jamur, yeast dan bakteri. Enzim ini nlenghidrolisis dekstran dengan nieliiutus ikatan a-1,6-glikosida menjadi oligosakarida atau isomaltooligosakarida (IMO). Dalam industri gula, pemakaian dekstranase dapat meningkatkan kualitas dan produksi kristal gula sampai 10%.
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Judul: Produksi dekstranase dari isolat Streptococcus sp B7 dalam bioreaktor 20 liter
Abstrak: Dalam industri gula tebu, dekstran sering menimbulkan masalah dengan meningkatkan viskositas cairan gula. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan penyumbatan pipa dan mengurangi rendemen. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut maka diman- faatkan enzim yang dapat menghidrolisa dekstran, yaitu dekstranase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi dekstranase dari isolat Streptococcus sp B7 dalam bioreaktor Bioen- gineering berkapasitas 20 liter. Selain itu juga dilakukan penelitian terhadap penggunaan dekstrin sebagai substrat alternatif, karena harganya yang lebih murah daripada dekstran. Produksi dekstranase dengan substrat dekstrin dilakukan dalam labu erlenmeyer yang diinkubasi dalam shaker. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah pH dan kecepatan agitasi. Kecepatan agitasi yang digunakan sebesar 300 rpm dan 500 rpm, sedangkan pH sebesar 7 dan 8. Aktivitas tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan pH 8 dan kecepatan agitasi 500 rpm, yaitu sebesar 1946.67 U/ml. Untuk penggunaan substrat dekstrin dilakukan hanya perlakuan pH awal sebelum sterilisasi sebesar 7 dan 8. Aktivitas tertinggi dicapai pada perlakuan PH 8 sebesar 142.67 U/ml.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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