Judul: Trading Procedure and Estimation of the Illegal Trade of Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros Linnaeus 1758)
Abstrak: Perdagangan satwa liar menguntungkan bagi Indonesia, akan tetapi jika dilakukan secara ilegal perdagangan satwa liar merugikan ekonomi negara, ekologi, budaya, maupun sosial. Salah satu satwa yang sering diburu dan diperdagangkan secara ilegal adalah rangkong badak. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi data kasus perdagangan ilegal rangkong badak dari tahun 2012-2020 yang didapatkan melalui studi pustaka data kasus Mahkamah Agung RI dan wawancara ke Pasar Pramuka Jakarta, BKSDA Jakarta, PPS Alobi Bangka Belitung, dan Ditjen GAKKUM LHK. Data yang didapat, dianalisis untuk mengetahui alur tata niaga, karakteristik pelaku, serta menduga volume dan nilai perdagangan ilegal rangkong badak. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi lima tipe alur tata niaga perdagangan ilegal rangkong badak, yang didominasi oleh tipe multiple barriers to market, dengan pelaku yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu perantara. Jumlah rangkong badak yang dijual yaitu sebanyak 223 individu yang berfluktuatif tiap tahunnya. Nilai rangkong badak memiliki nilai yang berbeda sesuai dengan keadaan rangkong badak tersebut. Kerugian negara akibat perdagangan ilegal rangkong badak yaitu sebesar Rp1.211.753.030,00., Wildlife trade is beneficial to Indonesia, but if it is carried out illegally, wildlife trade is detrieintal to the country’s economy, ecology, culture, and society. One of the animals are often hunted and traded is the rhinoceros hornbill. The research was conducted by identifying data on illegal trade cases from 2012-2020 obtained through a literature study of case data from Mahkamah Agung RI and interviews to the Pramuka Market Jakarta, BKSDA Jakarta, PPS Alobi Bangka Belitung, Mahkamah Agung, and GAKKUM. The data were analyzed to determine the flow of trade, characteristics, actors, and the alleged volume and value of the illegal rhinoceros hornbill trade. The results of the study identified 5 types of rhinoceros hornbill trade chain, and dominated by multiple barriers to market, with the most common actors being intermediaries. The number of rhinoceros hornbills sold was 223individuals, which fluctuated every year. The value of rhinoceros Hornbill has a different value according to the condition. State losses due to illegal rhinoceos hornbill trade amounted to Rp1.211.753.030,00.
Keyword: animal trade, illegal, rhinoceros hornbill

Judul: Trade System and Estimated Illegal Trading Volume of Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
Abstrak: Perdagangan ilegal satwa liar membutuhkan perhatian khusus karena berdampak pada penurunan populasi, kehilangan sumber daya, dan kerugian negara. Orangutan merupakan satwa dilindungi yang diperdagangkan secara ilegal di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi alur tata niaga, karakteristik pelaku, serta menduga volume dan nilai perdagangan ilegal orangutan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu wawancara kepada kepala resort Bangka Belitung BKSDA Sumatera Selatan, manajer PPS Alobi, Ditjen Gakkum LHK, dan studi literatur. Data yang digunakan yaitu data perdagangan ilegal orangutan pada kurun waktu 2015-2020 yang diperoleh dari Ditjen Gakkum LHK dan penelusuran data kasus Mahkamah Agung. Data dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menemukan tiga alur tata niaga yang didominasi oleh redundant channels sebesar 75%. Pelaku terdiri dari pemburu, perantara, dan konsumen yang didominasi oleh laki-laki dengan usia produktif kerja. Pekerjaan pemburu dan perantara didominasi oleh petani dan pedagang dengan didominasi motivasi ekonomi. Volume perdagangan ilegal orangutan periode 2015-2020 sebanyak 15 individu dengan nilai perdagangan mencapai Rp435.000.000,00., Illegal wildlife trade requires special attention because it has an impact on population decline, loss of resources, and detrimental to the country. Orangutans are protected animals that are illegally traded in Indonesia. This study aims to identify the flow of the trade system, perpetrator’s characteristics, and to estimate the volume and value of the illegal trade in orangutans. The method used was an interviews with the head of resort Bangka Belitung BKSDA Sumatra Selatan, PPS Alobi manager, Ditjen Gakkum LHK, and literature studies. Data used is data on the illegal trade in orangutans in the 2015-2020 period that obtained from Ditjen Gakkum LHK and the investigation of Mahkamah Agung case data. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive. The results of the study found that are three channels of commerce which were dominated by redundant channels about (75%). The perpetrators consist of hunters, intermediaries, and consumers who are dominated by men of working productive age. The jobs of hunters and intermediares are dominated by farmers and traders with a predominantly economic motivation. Volume of illegal trade in orangutans for the 2015-2020 period was 15 individuals with a trade value was IDR435,000,000,00.
Keyword: illegal, orangutan, trade, Illegal, orangutan, trade

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4