Judul: Penggunaan ekstrak kasar biji karet (Hevea brasiliensis) sebagai bahan pembius pada simulasi transportasi ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio)
Abstrak: Biji karet adalah produk hasil samping dari pohon karet yang pemanfaatannya masih sangat terbatas. Biji karet dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembius alami untuk ikan karena memiliki kandungan senyawa sianogenik glukosida yang disebut linamarin yaitu alkaloid yang bersifat racun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan efektivitas ekstrak biji karet sebagai bahan pembius pada ikan mas dan menentukan tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan mas, baik dalam keadaan wadah statis maupun dinamis berupa simulasi transportasi. Konsentrasi ekstrak kasar biji karet yang digunakan yaitu 7,5%, 10% dan 12,5%. Konsentrasi terbaik yang didapatkan dari hasil penelitian yaitu 12,5% dengan waktu pingsan terbaik yaitu 3 menit 30 detik dengan waktu pembugaran yaitu 7 menit 13 detik. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan mas yang tertinggi yaitu 100% dengan waktu pingsan selama 4 jam. Hasil pengujian simulasi transportasi pada waktu pingsan 4 jam pada perlakuan anestesi dengan ekstrak biji karet menghasilkan tingkat kelulusan hidup sebesar 26,67%, sedangkan pada kontrol sebesar 33,33%.
Keyword: Anesthetic, Rubber seed crude extract (Hevea brasiliensis), Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Survival rate, Fish anesthetic, Toxic alkaloids, Anesthetic ingredient, Transport simulation, Survival rate

Judul: Aplikasi Biji Karet (Havea Brasiliensis) Sebagai Bahan Anestesi Pada Simulasi Transportasi Kering Ikan Bawal Air Tawar (Colossoma Macropomum)
Abstrak: Bahan anestesi alami untuk ikan bawal air tawar (Colossoma macropomum) pada penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak kasar biji karet (Havea brasiliensis). Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan konsentrasi terbaik ekstrak kasar biji karet, informasi tingkat kelulusan hidup ikan bawal air tawar dengan pemberian bahan anestesi tersebut dan perlakuan suhu serta tingkat kelulusan hidup ikan bawal air tawar dalam simulasi transportasi kering. Konsentrasi terbaik adalah 27,5% dengan waktu pingsan 2,59 menit dan waktu bugar 4,55 menit. Rentang waktu pingsan yaitu 1, 2, dan 3 jam dengan suhu 17 oC. Waktu ke 1 dan 2 jam menghasilkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 88,89%. Waktu ke 3 jam menghasilkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 55,55%. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup tertinggi dalam simulasi transportasi kering adalah pada waktu 30 menit yaitu sebesar 93,33%.
Keyword: Anestesi, biji karet, ikan bawal air tawar, transportasi kering

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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