Judul: Bioavailabilitas Kalsium (Ca) dan Zat Besi (Fe) secara In Vitro pada Beberapa Prdouk Komersial Susu Ibu Hamil
Abstrak: Milk is one of animal foodstuffs that commonly consumed by human, because of its complete and higly nutritious substance, including calcium and iron. Mineral deficiencies, such as calcium and iron, remain a major problem in many developing countries including Indonesia especially for pregnant women. Commercial maternal milk product is a sourceof calcium and iron that is potential to be consumed. Some commercial maternal milk products in market offerhigh calcium and iron product. This study used four commercial maternal milk products as samples. The sampleswere selected based on the content of calcium, iron, dietary fiberand prebiotic (FOS and GOS) that are listed on the nutrition fact. Investigation of in vitro bioavailability for calcium and iron was the major objective of this study because the high calcium and iron content in food does not always describe whether the absorbed calcium and iron was also high. The moisture, ashes, protein, calcium, iron, phosphor, dietary fiber, zinc, available total calcium and available total iron contents among the milk product used in this study were significantly different (p<0,05). However, there is no significant relationship between type of product with bioavailability of calcium and bioavailability of iron (p>0,05). Futhermore there is no significant relationship between nutrients contents (fiber, phosphor, zinc, FOS and GOS) and the bioavailability calcium and biovailability iron on the samples. According to this study catogory of bioavailability of calcium and iron in commercial maternal milk productswas high.
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Judul: Bioavailabilitas Kalsium (Ca) dan Zat Besi (Fe) Secara In Vitro Pada Beberapa Produk Komersial Susu Ibu Hamil
Abstrak: Susu merupakan salah satu bahan pangan hewani yang banyak dikonsumsi manusia, karena kandungan gizinya yang lengkap dan tinggi, termasuk kalsium dan zat besi. Kekurangan mineral, seperti kalsium dan zat besi, masih menjadi masalah utama di banyak negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia khususnya bagi ibu hamil. Produk susu ibu komersial merupakan sumber kalsium dan zat besi yang potensial untuk dikonsumsi. Beberapa produk susu ibu komersial di pasaran menawarkan produk berkalsium dan zat besi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat produk susu ibu komersial sebagai sampel. Sampel dipilih berdasarkan kandungan kalsium, zat besi, serat pangan dan prebiotik (FOS dan GOS) yang tercantum pada fakta nutrisi. Investigasi bioavailabilitas kalsium dan zat besi secara in vitro merupakan tujuan utama penelitian ini karena tingginya kandungan kalsium dan zat besi dalam makanan tidak selalu menggambarkan apakah kalsium dan zat besi yang diserap juga tinggi. Kadar air, abu, protein, kalsium, besi, fosfor, serat pangan, zinc, kalsium total tersedia dan kandungan besi total tersedia pada produk susu yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berbeda nyata (p<0,05). Namun tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis produk dengan bioavailabilitas kalsium dan bioavailabilitas zat besi (p>0,05). Selain itu tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kandungan zat gizi (serat, fosfor, zinc, FOS dan GOS) dengan bioavailabilitas kalsium dan biovailabilitas besi pada sampel. Menurut penelitian ini, kategori bioavailabilitas kalsium dan zat besi dalam produk susu ibu komersial termasuk tinggi.
Keyword: Bioavailability, Calcium, Iron, Milk, Pregnant

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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