Judul: Pengembangan Model Bisnis Produk Obat Kumur Berbahan Tambahan Nanokitosan dan Nanokalsium dari Limbah Cangkang Krustase.
Abstrak: Obat kumur berbahan tambahan nanokitosan dan nanokalsium memiliki kandungan yang dapat menurunkan angka kejadian karies gigi di Indonesia, risiko peningkatan kanker mulut dan volume limbah cangkang krustase sehingga potensial untuk dikomersialisasikan melalui pengembangan model bisnis. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan riset aksi pada tahap pencarian pelanggan dalam konteks pengembangan pelanggan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi konsumen diantaranya, adalah kurangnya kenyamanan dan rasa percaya diri akibat gangguan kesehatan mulut, rasa obat kumur yang menyengat juga panas, adanya efek samping membuat mulut kering juga perih, kekhawatiran akan keamanan produk, ketidakpraktisan karena perlu pembilasan air setelah berkumur, serta kurang sesuainya takaran penyajian. Pengujian solusi menunjukkan bahwa produk ini dapat diterima oleh konsumen berdasarkan proposisi nilai dan atribut yang ditawarkan.
Keyword: cangkang krustase, model bisnis, nanokalsium, nanokitosan, obat kumur

Judul: Pemanfaatan Nanokalsium dan Nanokitosan dari Limbah Cangkang Kepiting (Scylla sp.) sebagai Obat Kumur
Abstrak: Nanokalsium merupakan kalsium yang memiliki ukuran mencapai 10-9 m dan lebih cepat terserap ke dalam tubuh yang diperoleh dari limbah cangkang kepiting (Scylla sp.). Salah satu terobosan terbaru adalah menjadikan nanokalsium pada obat kumur yang ditambah nanokitosan untuk mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri di dalam mulut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis nanokalsium, menentukan efektivitas nanokitosan dalam mengurangi aktivitas bakteri di dalam mulut dan membandingkan hasil obat kumur dengan produk komersial. Penelitian dilakukan beberapa tahap, yaitu ekstraksi nanokalsium, pengujian mineral dengan AAS, pengujian PSA, dan Mikrobiologi dengan TPC. Hasil kadar air nanokalsium menunjukkan hasil rataan 11,63%. Hasil uji total mineral pada Ca sebesar 796444,9±841,9 ppm. Nilai derajat putih nanokalsium mencapai 96,8%. Analisis SEM nanokalsium memiliki ukuran 134-156,34 nm. Ukuran nanokitosan pada analisis PSA sebesar 401,46 nm. Hasil terbaik uji total plate count (TPC) pada konsentrasi 0,5%.
Keyword: cangkang kepiting, kitosan, mouthwash, nanokalsium, scylla sp

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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