Judul: Improving putak nutritive quality using mixed culture Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger as ruminant feed
Abstrak: Putak adalah nama pakan lokal di Pulau Timor Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur yang diperoleh dari isi (empulur) batang pohon gewang (Corypha elata robx). Kandungan pati dan serat kasar yang tinggi tetapi rendah protein merupakan kendala utama penggunaannya sebagai pakan. Proses pengolahan biologi melalui fermentasi dapat memberi hasil yang positif terhadap kualitas bahan. Kapang Trichoderma reesei dan Aspergillus niger secara kultur tunggal sering digunakan dalam pengolahan pakan karena kemampuannya dalam degradasi selulosa maupun pati menjadi protein.
Keyword: gewang tree (Corypha elata robx), goats diets, inoculum level, rumen fermentability, East Nusa Tenggara

Judul: Kecernaan, Retensi Nitrogen dan Performa Domba yang diberi Ransum yang mengandung Sabut Kelapa Sawit Fermentasi dengan Pleurotus ostreatus
Abstrak: Availability of palm press fiber (PPF) as a by-product of palm oil processing increased every years. PPF is potential to be used as feed, but it contains high lignin. Lignin content of the PPF can be reduced by pre-treatment such as fermentation using a white root degrading fungi of Pleurotus ostreatus. The aims of this study were to evaluate digetibility, nitrogen retention and performance of sheep offered diets composed of palm press fiber (PPF) fermented by Pleurotus ostreatus. Twelve male sheep weighing of 23.32 ± 1.68 kg were devided into four groups and randomly allocated into three dietary treatments in a randomized block design. The treatments were levels of fermented PPF in the diets: R0 (30% napier grass + 70 % concentrate), R1 (15% napier grass 15% PPF + 70% concentrate) and R2 (30% PPF + 70% concentrate). The result showed that the mean of daily gain (ADG), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and nitrogen retention in sheep were not different among treatments. Dietary inclusion of PPF decreased the ether extract intake and digestible crude fiber (P<0.05) and decreased digestible crude protein (P<0.01). It was concluded that PPF could be included in the ration of sheep to replace napier grass.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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