Judul: Seleksi Isolat Bakteri Rumen (Anaerob) Penghasil Karboksi Metil Selulase
Abstrak: Ternak ruminansia mempunyai kelebihan. yaitu mampu memanfaatkan hijauan sebagai swnber makanannya. Ruminansia mampu memakan bahan yang kaya akan serat kasar menjadi produk yang dapal diabsorpsi oleh darah. Kemampuan ini berkaitan dengan adanya mikroorganisme yang ada dalam rwnell. Upaya untuk mengoptimasikan peranan mikroorganisme rumen sebagai penghasil selulase untuk mencema serat ltijauan, menjadi menarik untuk dipelajari. Dengan bantuan ennrn yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme ini, produktivitas ternak dapat ditingkatkan karena penambahan enzim ini akan memudahkan temak dalam mencema hijauan. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan seleksi untuk menentukan isolat bakteri rumen yang menghasilkan selulase dengan aktivitas yang tinggi. Isolat bakteri rumen anaerob yang beljumlah 21 buah dipindahkan ke medium cair yang mengandung selobiosa 0,5 % Inokulum laiu dipindahkan ke medium M8 cair yang ditambah substrat (rumput gajah. jerami padi, dan kertas saring). Aktivitas selulase diuji dengan menentukan kadar gula pereduksi dengan menggu.nakan asam dinitrosalisilat. yang diukur absorbansnya pada A. 560 nm dengan substIat karboksi metil selulosa(CMC). Dari basil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari 21 isolat bakteri rwnen anaerob, terdapat beberapa isolat yang mempunyai aktivitas CMC-ase pada tiga medium yang berbeda. Isolat nomor I mcnunjukkan aktivitas CMC-ase tertinggi pada. substrat rumput gajah dengan akti\"itas 0,0122 unit/mi. lsolat nomor 11 dengan aktivitas 0,0204 unit/mI menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi pada substrat jerami padi. Substrat kertas saring
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Judul: Identifikasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Rumen yang Memiliki Aktivitas Enzim Selulase
Abstrak: Bakteri rumen memiliki banyak potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai probiotik dan sumber enzim. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh isolat bakteri yang memiliki enzim selulase dengan aktivitas selulolitik tinggi. Isolat bakteri diisolasi menggunakan metode hungate pada rumen sapi PO Bioteknologi LIPI Cibinong. Hasil identifikasi berdasarkan sekuen gen 16S rRNA menunjukkan bahwa isolat yang memiliki aktivitas selulolitik tertinggi dengan indeks selulolitik 3.39 adalah Lactobacillus sp. Perlakuan pada pengujian karakter aktivitas enzim ialah suhu 40, 50, 60 0C dan pH 5, 6, 7, 8. Hasil uji aktivitas enzim menunjukan bahwa suhu dan pH optimum aktivitas enzim kasar pada supernatan adalah 50 oC dan pH 8 dengan aktivitas masing-masing sebesar 0.0233 U/ml dan 0.0290 U/ml.
Keyword: Lactobacillus, suhu optimum, pH optimum, 16S rRNA, metode hungate

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite