Judul: Model konservasi sumberdaya air pada perkebunan kelapa sawit yang berkelanjutan (Studi Kasus: Sub DAS Lalindu, Kabupaten Konawe Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara)
Abstrak: Oil palm development in Indonesia is facing problems related to the availability of land and allegations most environmental activists who consider that land clearing for palm oil has caused massive environmental damage. Land conversion to oil palm plantations in terms of ecology will lead to disruption of both quantity and quality hydrology hydrology of watersheds (DAS) and the degradation of land and result in a decrease in soil fertility and loss of biodiversity. The expansion of oil palm plantations continue to occur, including in Southeast Sulawesi province spread in almost all districts. Konawe North, particularly in watersheds that are subdistrict Lalindu Wiwirano is one area which is used as a priority area of development of this commodity. Management of oil palm plantations now need to refer to the concept of sustainable management of oil palm plantations to meet the interests of all stakeholders involved in the palm oil issue. In the plantation sub-sector, the ultimate definition of sustainability which is the result of the 3rd Roundtable Meeting on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO 2005) in Singapore which states that sustainable plantations is a business that is able to meet the economic growth (profit), protection of the environment (planet) and social equity (people). While in Indonesia known as the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil System (ISPO) which is a policy taken by the Indonesian government in this case the Ministry of Agriculture with the aim to improve the competitiveness of Indonesian palm oil in the world market and to participate in order to meet the commitment of the President of the Republic of Indonesia to reduce greenhouse gases and give attention to environmental issues. This study aims to: (1) Assess the condition of existing land cover changes that occurred and the physical, economic, social and environmental flora and fauna in the area of oil palm plantations in sub-watershed Lalindu, Konawe North, (2) Assess the conservation of water resources in development of oil palm plantations in sub-watershed Lalindu, North Konawe and (3) to model the conservation of water resources on a sustainable oil palm plantations in sub-watershed Lalindu, North Konawe. The study site is in the area of oil palm plantations in the district Wiwirano, North Konawe, one of the districts in the province of South East Sulawesi with the capital Wanggudu. This study used a variety of methods of analysis. To answer the first objective, used descriptive analysis, regression and correlation analysis and spatial analysis. Descriptive analysis is used to explain phenomena which are qualitative. Hydrologic analysis used to answer the second objective is to use the model tank. As for the third objective answer, used the analysis of dynamic systems using Stella software and descriptive analysis discusses the institutional management of oil palm plantations. The results showed that land use changes occur at the sub-watershed Lalindu allocated for oil palm plantations, resulting in changes in hydrologic characteristics, land cover changes of Imperata grasslands and forests into oil palm and land use changes. The impact of changes in land cover that occur in sub-watershed Lalindu affect vii run off, biodiversity of flora and fauna (biodiversity)
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Judul: Studi Perencanaan Pengelolaan DAS dengan Model Optimasi Penggunaan Lahan di Bagian Hulu DAS Mahakam
Abstrak: Land use which is not in accordance with the land capability, will cause land degradation. In Indonesia, there is progressive increase of critical land area size, every year, and this exerts an impact toward watershed damage. Objectives which are sought in the planning of watershed management often negate each other because from one point of view, there is a desire to maintain natural resources sustainability, and from other (economic) point of view, there is a desire to increase farmer's income. In order to obtain a model for planning sustainable watershed management, land use optiminazation was conducted and designed using the analysis of Linear Goals Programming (L GP) The study area had the size of 29 686 ha, comprising 3 subdistricts (namely Damai, Barong Tongkok and Melak) that were situated in the district of Kutai Barat, the province of East Kalimantan. The formulation of model for land use optimization was designed to achieve four targets, namely peak discharge. reduced rate of erosion (so that it is equal with or smaller than the targeted discharge and tolerable soil loss), ability of each farmer family to fulfill the need for food and rice, and ability of on farm income to create appropriate level of welfare. Research unit was homogeneous land unit. Data source for model input came from improvement of cropping pattern and alternative agrotechnology which was conducted by using simulation of CP factor. Data processing and analysis used the method of SCS, USLE and farm analysis. On the other hand, the completion of model used software General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) and Arcview 3,2. Land use with existing cropping pattern gave peak discharge of 116.39 m3/seconcj, erosion between 157-876 tonlha, production of upland rice 1.52 ton GKPlhalyear, and income Rp 3 268 636,-halyear. On the other hand, optimum land use pattern from the six scenarios model, showed better results as compared with the existing condition because ecologically, the land use could maintain the stability of peak discharge, and reduce erosion to the level below the targeted value. Although scenario model la and llla (with land use composition in the form of non irrigated rice field and dry land crop field) gave better result than those of existing conditions, but the occurring erosion were still higher than those in scenario model I, 11, Ill, and IV (with land use composition in the form of non irrigated rice field, dry land crop field, and estate field). This was because the priority for achieving erosion target in scenario la and llla was only up to the tolerable rate of soil erosion. Testing of scenario model I, 11, Ill, and IV showed that there was a tendency for increasing proportion of dry land crop field area size, but on the other hand, decreasing proportion of non irrigated rice field and estate field area size, if the target of achieving living standard is continuously increased. Spatially, recommendation that could be given for /and units of non irrigated rice field, dry land crop field and estate field is in the form of cropping pattern and agrotechnology LI *, L3b* ,
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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