Judul: The Economics of Rice Field Conversion into Oil Palm Plantation in South Seluma District Seluma Regency Province Bengkulu
Abstrak: Food security is one of the biggest challenges confronted by Indonesia. High population growth and per capita food consumption increase resulted in increase in demand for national rice production. One of the greatest threats to rice production increase is conversion of irrigated lowland area into oil palm plantations as occurs in Seluma District, Province of Bengkulu. Objective of this study is to identify the factors determining land conversion from rice field into oil palm plantation and to determine the present value of benefit resulted from both land uses. The results of study showed a decrease of irrigated lowland areas in district of Seluma during 2005 to 2010 about 3.934 hectares, the largest decline in rice field area in 2005 to 2007 covering an area of 3.861 hectares in non-irrigated land, while in irrigated land the average increase of 997.20 hectare per year. One of the drivers of land conversion is the value of present of land rent in oil palm farm is greater than rice farming, each amount to Rp 118, 20 million per hectare and Rp 106,59 million per hectare. In addition to economic benefits, oil palm farmers also get easier access to sources of capital and production input markets. The results of logistic regression analysis shows that the push and pull factors of wetland conversion into oil palm plantations are irrigated constraints, The risk of rice paddies plantation, the amount of family labor and the level of price of oil palm.
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Judul: A Study of Oil Palm Plantation in Sukabumi Regency: Land Suitability and Socio-Economic Approach
Abstrak: The increase of the world oil palm demand, encourage Indonesia to develop oilm palm industry both of expansion and conversion. Commodity crop conversion can be interpreted as a change in the cropping system from one crop commodity to another. As happened in Sukabumi Regency, West Java, commodity crops have been converted from rubber and tea to oil palm on state-owned plantation land. This research analyzes land suitability and consistency, social conditions, and the standard of living of oil palm plantation workers in the Sukabumi Regency. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The method used is the visual interpretation of satellite imagery, overlay, table matching using ArcGIS, and different tests using SPSS software from the results of interviews with respondents using a questionnaire. The results show that the percentage of land area converted to commodity crops from rubber and tea to oil palm continued to be massive from 2002 to 2020. The conversion was made because the selling price of the previous commodity continued to fall. The land suitability level of state-owned oil palm plantations in Sukabumi Regency is dominated by category S3. 95% of oil palm plantations in Sukabumi Regency are following the 2011-2032 Sukabumi Regency spatial planning. The conversion of commodity crops from rubber and tea to palm oil has a positive impact on improving the social conditions and the standard of living of oil palm plantation workers. The eight recommendations are prepared based on an analysis of land suitability and consistency of land use with spatial plans. Other recommendations given are based on the social conditions and standard of living of plantation workers. It is hoped that this will form an independent local workers' association to increase the gaining power to demand justice, rights and proper welfare for workers and their families. In addition, the existence of associations can also mutually control the performance of workers in carrying out their obligations.
Keyword: Commodity crop conversion, land suitability, land consistency, social conditions, standard of living

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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