Judul: Studi Pemilihan Komponen pada Regresi Komponen Utama
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari suatu pola tertentu dalam menentukan komponen-komponen utama mana yang sebaiknya diikutsertakan dalam persamaan regresi.Dari hasil yang diperoleh dapat dilihat bahwa masuknya komponen utama dalam persamaan regresi tidak semata-mata berdasarkan akar ciri terbesar/ragam terbesar , melainkan ada kecenderungan berdasarkan kombinasi linear dari beberapa akar clri atau indeks kondisi / bilangan kondisi.Jadi akar ciri dan indeks kondisi/bilangan kondisi mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam menentukan komponen-komponen utama yang mana yang sebaiknya akan dimasukkan dalam persamaan regresi.Sewaktu pola pemilihan komponen utama yang diperoleh diterapkan pada 2 (dua) teladan dibidang sasial ekonomi pertanian,setelah dianalisis ternyata diperoleh hasil yang cukup memuaskan.
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Judul: Perbandingan Regresi Komponen Utama Terkoreksi dengan Regresi Ridge dalam Mengatasi Multikolinearitas
Abstrak: Regresi berganda dengan peubah bebas saling berkorelasi (multikolinear) merupakan masalah yang sering terjadi dalam melakukan analisis data. Salah satu akibat yang terjadi adalah ragam penduga parameter regresi yang besar sehingga dugaan koefisien regresi cenderung menjadi tidak signifikan. Salah satu pendekatan yang sering digunakan adalah regresi komponen utama. Penelitian ini mengkaji metode regresi komponen utama yang meminimumkan kuadrat tengah galat (mean square error-MSE) penduga parameter regresi (dinamakan regresi komponen utama terkoreksi). Sebagai pembanding digunakan metode regresi ridge dengan iterasi HKB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk multikolinear rendah dan sedang regresi komponen utama terkoreksi selalu merupakan metode yang baik dengan nilai rataan ragam dugaan parameter dan MSE dugaan parameter yang kecil walaupun nilai rataan biasnya bukan merupakan nilai terkecil. Pada kondisi multikolinear tinggi regresi komponen utama terkoreksi selalu merupakan metode yang baik untuk ukuran contoh besar.
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Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable