Judul: Komposisi Kimia, Asam Amino, Mineral dan Residu Logam Berat (Hg, Pb) Kupang Merah (Musculista senhausia) Segar dan Rebus
Abstrak: The red kupang (Musculista senhausia) is that many bivalves living on the East Coast Surabaya, East Java. Processing is done by boiling. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield, chemical composition, amino acids, minerals, and heavy metal residues (Pb, Hg) fresh and boiled mussel. Analysis of chemical composition include moisture content, ash, protein, and fat. Amino acid analysis by HPLC, minerals and heavy metals by AAS and phosphorus by spectrophotometer. The yield of meat and the shells of mussels decreased after boiling. The chemical composition of mussels decreased after boiling water levels fell 6.09%, 2.25% ash, 1.39% protein, 0.42% fat, and carbohydrate increased 4.07%. Analysis of amino acids produces 9 essential amino acids and 8 non-essential amino acids in fresh and boiled mussels. Amino acids decreased after boiling. Analysis of macro minerals produce minerals (Ca, Mg, K, P, and Na) and micro minerals (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn) and heavy metal Hg and Pb in mussels fresh and boiled. Mineral Ca, Mg, K, P, Na, Cu down, while Co, Fe, Mn and Zn ride. Heavy metals Pb decreased, Hg and Se was not detected.
Keyword: boiling, processing, nutrition

Judul: Analisa kandungan logam berat merkuri (Hg) dan kadmium (Cd) pada kupang merah (Musculita senhausia)
Abstrak: Kupang merupakan salah satu jenis kerang-kerangan yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan makanan. Pemanfaatan kerang ini diharapkan dapat menambah atau mencukupi kebutuhan protein hewani bagi masyarakat, karena kupang mengandung protein cukup tinggi dan harganya murah. Kupang termasuk hewan filter feeder dalam memperoleh makanannya sehingga dengan cara makan seperti ini, apabila perairannya tercemar logam-logam berat dapat menyebabkan terakumulasinya polutan logam berat tersebut dalam tubuh kupang, misalnya merkuri (Hg), kadmium (Cd), plumbun (Pb) dan lain-lain. Apabila komoditi hasil perikanan ini tercemar oleh logam berat, maka akibat mengkonsumsinya secara terus-menerus akan menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui secara kuantitatif kandungan logam berat merkuri dan kadmium pada kupang merah segar (mentah) dan kupang merah olahan (matang rebus) yang berasal dari dua daerah penangkapan yang berbeda, yaitu Tandes-Surabaya dan Sedayu-Gresik. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial dengan dua faktor (tiga kali ulangan). Kedua faktor tersebut adalah jenis kupang yaitu kupang merah segar dan kupang merah olahan; dan lokasi penangkapan yaitu Tandes-Surabaya dan Sedayu-Gresik. Hasil analisa kandungan Hg pada kupang merah mentah dari daerah Tandes- Surabaya adalah 0,2789-0,8757 ppm dengan nilai rata-rata 0,5709 ppm; kupang merah olahannya adalah 0,2592-0,4987 ppm dengan nilai rata-rata adalah 0,3455 ppm. Dari daerah Sedayu-Gresik, kupang merah mentah kandungan Hg 0,1772- 0,7953 ppm dengan nilai rata-rata 0,3833 ppm; kupang merah olahannya adalah 0,0789-0,1392 ppm dengan nilai rata-rata 0,0994 ppm. ...
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Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
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