Judul: Community-based coral reef  management in small islands: a social capital analysis
Abstrak: Human activities including bomb and poison fishing and coral mining have threatened Indonesian coral reefs. Many programs have been promoted to alleviate the problem. The focus of social capital’s contribution to sustainable coral reef resource use has been given little attention. Social capital that defined as trust, norms of reciprocity, and networks is argued to facilitate the formation of collective action and institution, which may contribute to sustainable coral reef resource use. The study is carried out in five islands in South Sulawesi and analyses the state of coral reef, destructive fishing, and fishery sustainability. Three dimensions of social capital (i.e. bonding, bridging and linking social capital) are assessed, including the impact of social capital investment. It discusses institutional analysis of community-based institutional arrangements. Further, a simulation experiment of an agent-based modelling is made to understand dynamic impact of social capital on destructive fishing and fishery. Results show that bonding, bridging and linking social capital affect the formulation and enforcement of rules and institution at local level. Social capital investment – through networks, capacity and institution building – is a necessary condition for coral reef management, but not sufficient. Enforcing local rules requires credible commitment, but is difficult to attain because of the problem of fit between rules and resource system. When the community capacity and institution are weak, destructive fishing are proliferated, because social norms are not sufficiently strong to prevent widespread individual opportunism. The study recommends three aspects to achieve sustainable coral reef management: (1) to promote multi-scale governance that can link up different levels of management organization; (2) to improve fishers’ welfare through fulfillment of basic needs, to avert the use of destructive fishing tools for economic reason; (3) to increase disparities of fish price and production costs between fishing using destructive gears and those that do not.
Keyword: Terumbu karang, Coral reef ecosystems, Social capital, Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA)

Judul: Effectiveness and sustainability community based marine sanctuary management (CBMSM): cases of CBMSM of Blongko, Sebesiisland and Harapan Island
Abstrak: Indonesian marine conservation policy was already established trough national law: UU No. 27/2007 concerning coastal and marine resources management and small island and also Government Regulation : PP No. 60/2007 concerning fisheries resources conservation. The target of national marine conservation by 2020 is to establish 20 million ha of marine protected areas. This research contribute to better marine and coastal conservation management for the future. General objective of this research is to evaluate the sustainability of marine sanctuaries in three locations. Specific objectives are (1) to determine the key factor which relates to marine sanctuary management; (2) to evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of marine sanctuary, and (3) to formulate a strategic action for the development of marine sanctuary. The research were conducted at three locations, which are Blongko, North Sulawesi Province, Sebesi Island, Lampung Province, and Harapan Island, Jakarta Province. The data were collected from June 2007 to December 2007. The method of analysis consist of (1) natural resources analysis by quantitative analysis, (2) economic valuation, (3) effectiveness and sustainability analysis by multi dimension scaling analysis and discriminant analysis. There are 32 attributes has been analyzed to evaluate the sustainability of marine sanctuaries in three location. By using the analysis of attributes leverage method, it was found the attribute with high sensitivity that relate to the quality of coral reef and coral fish (ecological and environmental dimension); contribution of income, alternative livelihood and multiplier effect of marine sanctuary (economic and social dimension); legal aspect, local regulation and internalization of the program to local development program (policy dimension); and guidelines of marine sanctuary, extention offficer programs and capacity building, and participation of non government insitution (institutional dimension).The value of sustainability. index are: Blongko (63,83), Sebesi Island (72,41) and Harapan Island (36,30). Management strategies proposed, are (1) increasing the quality of coral reef and coral fish through protection from destructive fishing; (2) develop alternative livelihood such as mariculture, fish processing, environmentaly friendly fishing activities, marine ecotourism ; (3) internalization of the marine sanctuary to local development programs; and (4) involve the non government organization in marine sanctuary programs.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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