Judul: Kajian Risiko Bisfenol A dari Kemasan Makanan Kaleng.
Abstrak: Bisfenol A merupakan senyawa kimia sintetik yang dapat mengganggu sistem endokrin. Sumber utama paparan bisfenol A pada manusia adalah melalui makanan dan minuman yang sudah kontak dengan plastik polikarbonat atau epoksi resin. Bisfenol A dalam bentuk epoksi resin biasanya digunakan sebagai enamel atau pelapis kemasan makanan kaleng. Bisfenol A mempunyai risiko mengalami migrasi dari kemasan ke makanan. Kajian risiko dilakukan untuk memperkirakan tingkat risiko bisfenol A dari makanan kaleng. Kajian risiko dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan studi pustaka mengenai bahaya dan risiko dari bisfenol A, survei konsumsi makanan kaleng dengan metode wawancara menggunakan food frequency questionaire (FFQ) di Jakarta Selatan dan Jakarta Utara, tabulasi data survei dari 6 provinsi di Indonesia, penentuan konsentrasi migrasi bisfenol A yang digunakan untuk perhitungan paparan, dan analisis data. Hasil survei menunjukan bahwa jenis makanan kaleng yang paling banyak dikonsumsi oleh responden adalah susu sterilisasi siap minum, susu kental manis, dan ikan. Karakteristik responden dengan rata-rata asupan makanan kaleng yang relatif tinggi adalah responden yang memiliki pekerjaan wiraswasta, pendidikan formal sarjana, usia 26-45 tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki dan berat badan relatif gemuk. Hasil estimasi paparan menunjukan bahwa nilai persentil ke-90 paparan bisfenol A adalah 9.31 x mg/kg BB/ hari yang masih jauh dibawah TDI.
Keyword: bisfenol A, enamel, kajian risiko, makanan kaleng, migrasi

Judul: Comparison of Bisphenol A (BPA) and Bisphenol F (BPF) Monomer Migration in Canned Beverages: A Meta-Analytic Review
Abstrak: Bisfenol A (BPA) digunakan dalam produksi pernis enamel permukaan kontak makanan untuk kaleng. Akibat resiko bahayanya, senyawa bisfenol lain digunakan sebagai pengganti BPA, salah satunya bisfenol F (BPF). European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) menetapkan TDI bisfenol sebesar 0,2 ng per kilogram berat badan per hari (kg/bb/hari). Sementara itu beberapa penelitian telah melaporkan adanya migrasi BPA dan BPF pada minuman kemasan kaleng dengan hasil yang beragam dengan jumlah BPA dapat mencapai 1310 ng/L dan migrasi BPF mencapai 64 ng/L. Kajian meta-analisis dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan jumlah migrasi BPA dan BPF pada minuman ringan kemasan kaleng serta faktor yang memengaruhinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat migrasi BPA lebih tinggi dibandingkan migrasi BPF pada minuman ringan kemasan kaleng dengan nilai overall effect size sebesar -9.397. Analisis lanjutan dilakukan pada beberapa variabel yang dapat memengaruhi migrasi meliputi kategori minuman, suhu penyimpanan, dan metode analisis yang digunakan. Kategori minuman pada jenis minuman karbonasi memberi pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap migrasi BPA. Sementara analisis pada variabel suhu penyimpanan menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata antara setiap studi. Analisis dengan menggunakan metode solid phase extraction dilanjutkan dengan analisis GC-MS memiliki sensitivitas yang lebih tinggi terhadap BPA. Perhitungan fail-safe number (Nft) menunjukkan bias publikasi tergolong kecil dan model meta-analisis kuat., Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the production of food contact surface enamel varnishes for cans. Due to its hazardous risks, other bisphenol compounds are used as substitutes for BPA, one of which is bisphenol F (BPF). The European Food Safety Authority sets the TDI of bisphenol at 0.2 ng per kilogram of body weight per day (kg/bb/day). Meanwhile, several studies have reported the migration of BPA and BPF in canned beverages with mixed results with the amount of BPA reaching 1310 ng/L and BPF migration reaching 64 ng/L. A meta-analysis study was conducted to compare the amount of BPA and BPF migration in canned soft drinks and the factors that influence it. The results showed that the level of BPA migration was higher than BPF migration in canned soft drinks with an overall effect size value of -9.397. Further analysis was carried out on several variables that could affect migration including beverage category, storage temperature, and the analysis method used. The beverage category in the type of carbonated beverage has a significant influence on BPA migration. While the analysis on the storage temperature variable showed results that were not significantly different between each study. Analysis using the solid phase extraction method followed by GC-MS analysis has a higher sensitivity to BPA. The calculation of the fail-safe number (Nft) shows that publication bias is relatively small and the meta-analysis model is strong.
Keyword: meta-analisis, bisfenol A, bisfenol F, minuman kemasan kaleng

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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