Judul: Identifikasi Citra Karang Menggunakan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan: Kasus Family Pocilloporidae
Abstrak: Nowadays, the trend method for coral identification is by using the visual technique since it does not have to take the coral sample which can damage the coral growth. This technique needs visual skill and the ability to classify the patterns which are formed by the color, the texture and the shape of coral. So far, this visual technique can only be done by the expert and experienced researchers. Therefore, in this research, the implementation of backpropagation artificial neural network is done to identify the genus image of corals as the application of visual technique in computer system. Hopefully, this application can help and make it easier for the early-stage researchers to identify corals from the features of photography results. The genus which belong to the family of pocilloporidae. The feature extractions; colors,textures and shapes are used as the input to the network. The methods are RGB and HSV for color, moment invariant for shape and three methods which are statistical moment, gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and local binary patterns (LBP). The experiments towards the combination of color and shape features on each texture feature, show that the identification level of color, texture (statistical moment) and shape is better than other feature combinations. The result of the recognition rate is 96% and the elapsed time ìs 10.94 second. The recognition rate of color, texture (GLCM) and shape is 96% and the elapsed time is 20.849 second. While the recognition rate on color, texture (LBP) and shape is lower, that is 68% and the elapsed time is 0.465 second.
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Judul: Classification of Coral Images Using Support Vector Machine with Gray Level Co- Occurrence Matrix Feature Extraction
Abstrak: Karang adalah komponen utama terumbu karang yang membentuk ekosistem laut yang memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga keanekaragaman hayati dan ekologi laut. Keberadaan terumbu karang sedang menghadapi resiko yang sangat besar akibat adanya ancaman seperti pencemaran lingkungan, penggunaan alat tangkap yang merusak, spesies invasif dan juga perubahan iklim yang menyebabkan pemutihan massal dengan resiko kematian yang tinggi mencapai 95%. Di sisi lain dibutuhkan pemantantauan secara teratur dan intervensi tepat waktu untuk mencegah kepada dampak yang lebih serius. Penelitian ini mengusulkan metode baru untuk klasifikasi citra karang menggunakan Support Vector Machine (SVM) dengan ekstraksi fitur menggunakan Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh oversampling dan seleksi fitur untuk meningkatkan akurasi model. Studi ini dilaksanakan di perairan Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, dimana citra karang dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik snorkeling dan diving. Selanjutnya citra dilabeli oleh ahli terumbu karang untuk memastikan integritas data benar sesuai kondisi yang sebenarnya yaitu sehat, tidak sehat dan mati. Pra- pemrosesan dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas citra yang meliputi pemotongan, penghilangan background, penajaman dan normalisasi ukuran citra 227 x 227 piksel. Ekstraksi fitur GLCM yang melibatkan analisis tekstur citra berdasarkan intensitas piksel dalam jarak (1, 2 dan 3 piksel) dan arah (0?, 45?, 90? dan 135?). Hasil ekstraksi fitur GLCM yang dihasilkan digunakan sebagai input untuk model SVM. Kernel SVM yang digunakan yaitu Linear, Radial Basis Function dan Polynomial yang melibatkan berbagai parameter yaitu C, gamma, degree dan coef0 yang diatur dalam grid. Pelatihan dan pengujian melibatkan data latih dan data uji dengan rasio 80:20. Dalam hal pengoptimalan model penelitian ini melakukan pendekatan dengan teknik oversampling dan seleksi fitur seperti seleksi fitur dengan boxplot, analisis korelasi dan seleksi fitur berdasarkan model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kernel Polynomial tiga parameter dengan C=10, degree=3, dan gamma=1 memberikan performa klasifikasi terbaik, mencapai akurasi sebesar 91.85%, presisi tinggi, dan recall yang memuaskan di semua kategori citra karang. Oversampling data meningkatkan akurasi performa model sebesar 2,17%. Sedangkan seleksi fitur dengan boxplot terjadi penurunan sebesar 0,8%, seleksi fitur berdasarkan model sebesar 0,2%. Pada seleksi fitur dengan analisis korelasi terjadi penurunan signifikan sebesar 16,11%. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan bagi upaya konservasi terumbu karang, menawarkan dasar yang kuat untuk pengembangan solusi pemantauan yang lebih efektif dan efisien dengan mengintegrasikan pada sistem IoT., Corals are the main component of coral reefs that form marine ecosystems that have an important role in maintaining biodiversity and marine ecology. Coral reefs are at great risk due to threats such as environmental pollution, the use of destructive fishing gear, invasive species, and climate change that cause mass bleaching with a high mortality risk of up to 95%. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are needed to prevent more serious impacts. This research proposes a new method for coral image classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM) with feature extraction using Gray Level Co- occurrence Matrix (GLCM). In addition, this study also aims to examine the effect of oversampling and feature selection to improve model accuracy. This study was conducted in the waters of Sangihe Islands Regency, where coral images were collected using snorkeling and diving techniques. Furthermore, the images were labeled by
Keyword: gray level co-occurrence matrix, karang, klasifikasi citra, support vector machine

Judul: Dynamical System of Hepatitis B in Three Groups with Vaccination
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to modify the hepatitis B transmission model in three age groups involving vaccination from the model conducted by Zhoe and Zhang.The method used is to analyze the stability of the fixed point and its basic reproduction number (R_0). Performed stability analysis and numerical simulation to see population dynamics. Next, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters was carried out to see its effect on R_0. From the analysis obtained two fixed points, namely non-endemic and endemic fixed points. Non-endemic fixed points are locally asymptotically stable if R_0 <1 Meanwhile, the endemic fixed point is locally asymptotically stable if R_0 > 1. Hepatitis vaccination affects the number of susceptible population, because the more successful the vaccination, the smaller the number of susceptible populations so that the smaller the population will be infected.
Keyword: Dynamic, Hepatitis B, Vaccine, Mathematical model