Judul: Effect of cyantraniliprole insecticide on survival and reproduction of Crocidolomia pavonana (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Abstrak: Siantraniliprol merupakan salah satu insektisida berspektrum luas dari golongan 28 diamida yang bekerja dengan mengaktifkan reseptor rianodin pada membran retikulum endoplasma. Salah satu hama sasaran insektisida tersebut adalah Crocidolomia pavonana yang menyerang tanaman Brassicaceae. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji dan mengamati pengaruh insektisida siantraniliprol terhadap sintasan dan reproduksi C. pavonana. Sintasan merupakan kemampuan suatu organisme dalam mempertahankan hidupnya dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Pengujian pengaruh siantraniliprol terhadap sintasan dan reproduksi C. pavonana dilakukan dengan metode pencelupan daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas serangga uji meningkat seiring bertambahnya konsentrasi dan waktu pengamatan. Nilai LC95 pengujian siantraniliprol sebesar 1,048 ppm, yang menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi tersebut masih efektif untuk mematikan serangga C. pavonana. Siantraniliprol menyebabkan larva mengalami gejala lemas, berhenti makan, lumpuh, dan akhirnya mengalami kematian. Insektisida ini mampu menurunkan kelangsungan hidup setiap fase perkembangan serangga uji pada konsentrasi rendah. Konsentrasi 0,25 ppm memberikan gejala subletal pada larva C. pavonana, yaitu memperkecil ukuran larva instar III serta IV dan memperlambat lama perkembangan hidup larva ke pupa. Siantraniliprol tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan serta perkembangan imago, persentase peneluran imago betina, dan tidak dapat digunakan sebagai ovisida., Cyantraniliprole is a broad-spectrum insecticide belonging to the 28-diamide group that works by activating the ryanodine receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. One of the target pests of the insecticide is Crocidolomia pavonana, an economic pest of Brassicaceae crops. This study aimed to examine and observe the effect of the cyantraniliprole on the survival and reproduction of C. pavonana. Survival is the ability of an organism to survive for a certain period. The cyantraniliprole was tested by using the leaf dipping method. The results showed that the mortality of larvae increased with increasing concentration of insecticide and observation time. The LC95 value of the cyantraniliprole was 1,048 ppm. The larvae exposed to cyantraniliprole showed physical weakness, inability to eat, paralysis, and death. This insecticide was able to reduce the sustainability of life at such low concentrations. The concentration of 0,25 ppm cyantraniliprole gave sublethal symptoms, which reduced the size of larva instar III and IV and slowed the development of larva to pupate. Cyantraniliprole could not be used as an ovicide. It also did not affect the fecundity, growth, and development of C. pavonana moths.
Keyword: Golongan diamida, Metode pencelupan daun, Subletal, Reseptor rianodin

Judul: Tingkat Resistensi Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) terhadap Spinetoram di Kabupaten Cianjur, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Crocidolomia pavonana merupakan salah satu hama penting pada tanaman kubis. Serangan hama ini dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil hingga 100%. Salah satu bahan aktif insektisida yang terdaftar untuk mengendalikan C. pavonana adalah spinetoram. Aplikasi insektisida secara terus menerus dan berlebihan dapat menimbulkan resistensi hama sasaran terhadap insektisida yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran penggunaan insektisida spinetoram dan tingkat resistensi C. pavonana terhadap spinetoram di Kabupaten Cianjur. Pengujian toksisitas dilakukan terhadap larva C. pavonana populasi rentan dan populasi lapangan yang dikoleksi dari 5 lokasi yang tersebar di 3 kecamatan di Kabupaten Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Tingkat resistensi ditentukan berdasarkan hasil perhitungan nisbah resistensi (NR), yaitu dengan membandingkan LC50 populasi lapangan dengan LC50 populasi laboratorium (rentan). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas C. pavonana terhadap spinetoram meningkat seiring meningkatnya konsentrasi yang digunakan. Mortalitas >82% diperoleh pada pengujian dengan konsentrasi 0,05 mg b.a/l. Hasil pengujian toksisitas menunjukkan bahwa kelima populasi asal Kabupaten Cianjur terindikasi resisten yang berkisar antara 1,05-1,37. Populasi Ciloto dengan nisbah resistensi 1,37 merupakan populasi dengan nisbah resistensi tertinggi dan populasi Sindang Jaya memiliki nisbah resistensi terendah, yaitu 1,05., Crocidolomia pavonana is one of the major pests on cabbage plants. This pest attack can cause yield loss up to 100%. One of insecticide active ingredients registered to control C. pavonana is spinetoram. Continuous and excessive application of insecticides can lead to resistance of target pests to the insecticides used. This study aimed to determine the description of the use of spinetoram insecticide and the level of resistance of C. pavonana to spinetoram in Cianjur Regency. Toxicity testing was carried out on larvae of C. pavonana susceptible population and field population collected from 5 locations spread over 3 sub- districts in Cianjur Regency, West Java. The resistance level was determined based on the calculation of the resistance ratio (RR) by comparing the LC50 of the field population with the LC50 of the susceptible population. The results showed that the mortality of C. pavonana to spinetoram increased as the concentration used increased. Mortality >82% was obtained in the test with LC95 treatment, which is 0.05 mg a.i/l. The toxicity test results showed that the five populations from Cianjur Regency were indicated to be resistant with ranged from 1.05-1.37. The population of Ciloto with a resistance ratio of 1.37 shows the highest resistance ratio and the population of Sindang Jaya has the lowest resistance ratio, which is 1.05.
Keyword: Cianjur, mortality, resistance ratio, sensitivity, toxicity

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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