Judul: Two Sector Economic Growth Model in Discrete Time
Abstrak: Economic growth is a condition in the economy that is reflected in the increase of goods and services produced within the community. The purpose of this thesis is to study two sectors economic growth model in discrete time proposed by Zhang (2007). The model involves an economic society with two commodities produced, i.e. capital goods and consumption goods. Both goods are produced with capital and labor as independent variables. The production function is the Cobb-Douglas function. This model shows that the dynamic system has a unique equilibrium solution. Based on some simulations, it has been shown that an increased propensity to save will increase per capita capital and output.
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Judul: Model Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Perkotaan Berdasarkan Geografi Ekonomi
Abstrak: In economic activity, economic growth means increasing production of goods and services. Economic geography is economic system with respect to spatial dimension. Rapid economic development and structural changes such as rents, residential area, and transportation systems are indicators of progressivity of a country and its economics. A country is said to progress when the production rate of goods and services are increasing, then the volume of goods and services produced are also increasing from time to time. Neoclassical theory of economic growth depends on the increased the supply of factors of production and the rate of technological progress. The production factors are labor and capital. Domar in 1948 stated that production output is a function of capital. As a result, labor is always combined with capital on fixed proportion. Solow in 1956 added labour as one of the variables of production function. This study aims to examine the dynamics of urban growth model based on economic geography, i.e. study of the economic system based on the location and geographical conditions. The urban economic growth model considers the urban area to be divided into two areas, namely residential area and central business district. Urban area is assumed to have centralized workforce and multi sector economic system. The main economic activity in the central business district is production. On the other hand, consumption and saving activities are carried out in the residential area. More over people need to travel from residential area to the business district in their economic activities. This study will also examine the equilibrium solutions of the model and then give simulation on the model. The results of theoretical study show that the dynamic system of urban economic growth model is formulated in the form of linear system of first order differential equations. The variables which determine economic growth are the accumulation of capital and labor inputs. The equilibrium of these variables can be determined. Capital accumulation shows a pattern that follows an exponential function. Simulation study give the following results. The characteristics of urban economic growth are confirmed by the fact that when the elasticity of the urban industrial sector capital increases, then production output of the two sectors, both industrial and service sector, are increased. The industrial production increases sharply, while the service sector production output is relatively stagnant and then increased with a slower rate compared to the industrial sector. Increased elasticity of capital in industrial sector also tends to increase the income of urban residents, the labor wages, and the capital of both sectors. However, housing consumption tends to fall with increases in industrial sector capital elasticity. Furthermore, simulation results demonstrate the spatial and temporal changes in urban land rental values tend to decrease with increasing distance from the central business district and increasing time. Highest land rent is in a location that has the shortest distance to the central business district. The simulations also show increase in consumption following the increase in distance from the central business district. This suggests that the further away from the business district, the more people who rent or buy housing.
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Judul: Profil Leukosit Setelah Pemberian Aspirin pada Burung Puyuh (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) yang Mengalami Cekaman Panas
Abstrak: Beternak burung puyuh di Indonesia seringkali dihadapkan pada kendala tingginya suhu lingkungan yang dapat menyebabkan stres. Pemberian obat dilakukan untuk menjaga burung puyuh tetap sehat. Salah satu obat yang mampu meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh dalam menghadapi stres yaitu sediaan aspirin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan potensi pemberian aspirin dalam mengatasi stres pada burung puyuh yang diberikan cekaman panas. Burung puyuh sebanyak 16 ekor dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Masing-masing kelompok berisi 4 ekor. Sediaan aspirin yang diberikan dilakukan secara oral dengan dosis yang berbeda untuk masing-masing kelompok setiap satu hari sekali. Dosis aspirin yang digunakan sebesar 0 mg/kg BB sebagai kontrol negatif, 2.52 mg/kg BB, 5.04 mg/kg BB, dan 10.08 mg/kg BB. Cekaman panas dilakukan selama 8 hari pada suhu 35 °C. Pengambilan sampel berupa darah diambil melalui vena jugularis untuk dianalisis profil leukositnya. Metode analisis untuk mendapatkan jumlah leukosit menggunakan kamar hitung Neubauer dan pewarnaan Rees & Ecker sedangkan untuk mengetahui diferensial leukosit menggunakan preparat ulas darah dan pewarnaan Giemsa. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan pemberian aspirin dapat menurunkan indeks stres akibat cekaman panas jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol negatif yaitu kelompok yang tidak diberikan aspirin (P<0.05). Selain itu, pemberian aspirin mampu menurunkan jumlah leukosit akibat cekaman panas. Pemberian aspirin juga mampu memperbaiki diferensial leukosit yang ditandai dengan penurunan persentase heterofil dan peningkatan persentase limfosit, namun tidak merubah persentase monosit, eosinofil, dan basofil.
Keyword: Aspirin, Burung Puyuh, Diferensial Leukosit, Rasio H/L, Jumlah Leukosit, Cekaman Panas