Judul: Studi Komparasi Aspek Lingkungan Pengolahan Limbah Pangan untuk Pakan Unggas antara Biokonversi dan Penggunaan Langsung
Abstrak: Indonesia menghasilkan limbah pangan 300 kg per kapita setiap tahun. Upaya mereduksi limbah pangan dilakukan dengan metode biokonversi oleh larva black soldier fly (BSF) yang berpotensi dijadikan pakan unggas. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisis karakteristik biokonversi limbah pangan dengan larva BSF, memproduksi pakan ayam kampung, dan menganalisis perbandingan pertumbuhan ayam kampung yang diberi pakan limbah pangan dan pakan hasil biokonversi.. Hasil biokonversi diperoleh persen reduksi, waste reduction index (WRI), fresh matter consumption rate (FMCR), dry matter matter reduction (DMR), dry matter consumption rate (DMCR). Hasil biokonversi limbah pangan mencapai persen reduksi 86,9%, WRI 5,8%/hari, FMCR 64,5 mg/larva/hari, DMR 55,46% dan DMCR 36,5 mg/larva/hari. Produksi pakan menggunakan tepung larva BSF hasil biokonversi sebagai substitusi protein sebesar 38%. Pemberian pakan berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan ayam kampung. Pertumbuhan ayam kampung dengan pakan hasil biokonversi lebih baik dibandingkan ayam kampung yang diberi pakan limbah pangan., Indonesia produces 300 kg of food waste per capita every year. Efforts to reduce food waste are carried out by the bioconversion method by black soldier fly (BSF) larvae which has the potential to be used as poultry feed. The research was conducted to analyze the characteristics of food waste bioconversion with BSF larvae, produce backyard chicken feed, and analyze the growth comparison of backyard chickens fed with food waste feed and bioconverted feed. Bioconversion results obtained percent reduction, waste reduction index (WRI), fresh matter consumption rate (FMCR), dry matter reduction (DMR), dry matter consumption rate (DMCR). The results of bioconversion of food waste reached a reduction percent of 86.9%, WRI 5.8%/day, FMCR 64.5 mg/larvae/day, DMR 55.46% and DMCR 36.5 mg/larvae/day Feed production using bioconverted BSF larval flour as a protein substitution of 38%. Feeding had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the growth of native chickens. The growth of native chickens with bioconverted feed was better than native chickens fed with food waste feed.
Keyword: Ayam kampung, biokonversi, black soldier fly, limbah pangan

Judul: Biokonversi Limbah Organik Pasar Agrobis Magetan Menjadi Protein Pakan Ternak Menggunakan Larva Black Soldier Fly
Abstrak: Salah satu pengolahan limbah organik yang ramah lingkungan adalah biokonversi limbah organik menggunakan larva black soldier fly (BSF). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik dekomposisi limbah organik Pasar Agrobis dengan larva BSF, serta mengaplikasikan dan mengkaji mutu pakan pengolahan larva BSF sebagai alternatif substitusi protein bagi pakan ternak. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Maret-April 2022 di Kabupaten Magetan, Jawa Timur. Karakteristik dekomposisi limbah padat organik menggunakan larva BSF diidentifikasi dengan waste reduction index (WRI), fresh matter consumption rate (FMCR), dry matter reduction (DMR), dan dry matter consumption rate (DMCR). Nilai WRI dan FMCR untuk limbah organik Pasar Agrobis selama 15 hari, yaitu 3,2%/hari dan 32,1 mg/larva/hari. Nilai persen DMR sebesar 84,4% dan nilai DMCR sebesar 27,1 mg/larva/hari. Aplikasi larva BSF sebagai substitusi protein pakan memenuhi persyaratan mutu pakan berdasarkan SNI 8173:2015, kecuali lemak kasar dan serat kasar. Pertambahan bobot ayam broiler umur 8-21 hari (starter) dan 21 hari ke atas (finisher) selama 12 hari berbeda nyata terhadap pakan komersial (p>0,05) dengan nilai rasio konversi pakan (RKP) lebih rendah., One of the environmentally friendly organic waste treatments is the bioconversion of organic waste using black soldier fly (BSF) larvae. This study aims to analyze the decomposition characteristics of organic waste in the Agrobis Market with BSF larvae, apply, and examine the quality of animal feed from BSF larvae as an alternative to protein substitution. The study was conducted in March-April 2022 in Magetan Regency, East Java. Characteristics of the decomposition of organic waste using BSF larvae were identified with waste reduction index (WRI), fresh matter consumption rate (FMCR), dry matter reduction (DMR), and dry matter consumption rate (DMCR). The value of WRI and FMCR organic waste for 15 days were 3,2%/day and 32,1 mg/larva/day. The percent DMR was 84,4% and DMCR was 27,1 mg/larva/day. The application of BSF larvae as protein substitution meets the animal feed quality based on SNI 8173:2015, except for crude lipid and fiber. The growth gain of broiler aged 8-21 days (starter) and above 21 days (finisher) for 12 days obtained significantly different against commercial feed (p>0.05) with a lower food convertion ratio (FCR) value.
Keyword: Agrobis Market, bioconversion, black soldier fly, broiler

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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