Judul: Suatu Studi tentang Penggunaan Protamin sebagai Bahan Pengawet Makanan dalam Pengolahan Pindang Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger sp)
Abstrak: Penelitian secara laboratorium telah dilakukan yang bertujuan untuk mempelajari peranan protamin sebagai bahan pengawet makanan dalam pengo lahan pindang. Pindang ikan kembung dibuat dengan cara memberi perlakuan pada bahan baku pindang yang menjadi enam kelompok dengan masing-masing direndam dalam larutan protamin sebesar 0,O %, 0,2 %, 0,4 %, 0,6 %, 0,8 % dan 1,O % (berat/volume) selama 12 jam pada suhu lo - ~OC. Kemudian dilakukan pemindangan dengan konsentrasi garam 20 % (berat/berat). Pindang kemudian disimpan pada suhu kamar sesuai dengan periode waktu penyimpanan. Setiap periode penyimpanan (dengan selang waktu 1 minggu) mulai minggu ke-0, dilakukan pengujian terhadap jumlah bakteri (TPC), kandungan TVN, pH, nilai TBA dan kadar air. Disamping itu dilakukan juga penetapan kadar protein, kadar abu dan kadar lemak pada awal dan akhir penyimpanan.
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Judul: Mempelajari Pengaruh Protamin dan Glysin sebagai Bahan Pengawet dalam Pengolahan Pindang Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger sp)
Abstrak: Penelitian laboratorium telah dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh protamin dan glysin untuk meningkatkan daya awet pindang ikan kembung (Rastrelliqer sp) . Sebelum dimasak ikan dipisahkan menjadi empat kelompok. Kelompok I sebagai kontrol (Ao), kelompok I1 (A1) direndam dalam larutan glysin 20% (w/w), kelompok I11 (A2) direndam dalam larutan protamin 1% (w/w) dan kelompok IV (A3) direndam dalam larutan protamin 1% dan glysin 20% (w/w). Setelah itu dilakukan pemindangan dan disimpan pada suhu kamar selama 3 minggu dan dilakukan pengamatan. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan dua kali ulangan.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite