Judul: Characterization of Body Scrub Based on Sargassum polycystum Salt Residue, Moringa oleifera, and Collagen
Abstrak: Residu garam Sargassum polycystum dapat berperan sebagai scrub alami pengganti microbeads. Penambahan bubuk daun kelor dan kolagen dapat meningkatkan nilai fungsi body scrub terhadap kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi bubuk daun kelor terbaik dalam pembuatan body scrub serta menentukan karakteristik produk body scrub terpilih dari residu garam rumput laut Sargassum polycystum, bubuk daun kelor, dan kolagen yang dibandingkan dengan produk body scrub komersil. Body scrub diformulasikan dengan 7% residu garam S.polycystum dan bubuk daun kelor konsentrasi 1%, 3% dan 5%. Formulasi terbaik ditambahkan dengan kolagen 0,5%. Body scrub dibuat dengan mencampurkan fase air dan fase minyak. Konsentrasi bubuk daun kelor terbaik didapatkan pada body scrub SK 7:1 (residu garam S. polycystum 7% dan bubuk daun kelor 1%). Body scrub terpilih yang ditambahkan 0,5% kolagen (SKK 7:1:0,5) telah sesuai dengan acuan yang ada. Body scrub SKK 7:1:0,5 menghasilkan nilai pH 6,45, viskositas 7716 cp, bersifat homogen, daya sebar 4,16 cm, emulsi stabil, kelembaban kulit 48,04% (sangat lembab), total fenol 0,77±0,06 mg GAE/g, dan aktivitas antioksidan CUPRAC 1,71±0,10 mg TE/g., Sargassum polycystum salt residue can act as a natural scrub substitute for microbeads. The addition of M.oleifera leaf powder and collagen can increase the value of the body scrub's function on the skin. This study aims to determine the best concentration of M.oleifera leaf powder in the making of body scrub and to determine the characteristics of selected body scrub products from S. polycystum salt residue, M.oleifera leaf powder, and collagen that are compared with commercial body scrub products. The body scrub was formulated with 7% residual salt of S. polycystum and M.oleifera leaf powder in concentrations of 1%, 3% and 5%. The best formulation was added with 0,5% collagen. Body scrubs were made by mixing the water phase and the oil phase. The best concentration of M.oleifera leaf powder was found in the body scrub SK 7:1 (7% S. polycystum salt residue and 1% M.oleifera leaf powder). The selected body scrub which added with 0,5% collagen (SKK 7:1:0,5) was in accordance with the existing reference. Body scrub SKK 7:1:0,5 produced a pH value of 6,45, viscosity of 7716 cp, homogeneous mixture, spreadability 4,16 cm, stable emulsion, skin moisture 48,04% (very moist), total phenol 0,77±0,06 mg GAE/g, and the antioxidant activity of CUPRAC 1,71±0,10 mg TE/g.
Keyword: antioksidan, daun kelor, emulsi, formula, kosmetik kulit, antioxidants, M.oleifera leaves, emulsions, formula, skin cosmetics

Judul: Effect of Seaweed Salt Residue (Sargassum sp.) Concentration on the Characteristics of a Body Scrub Made from Black Tea Dregs
Abstrak: Produk kecantikan ramah lingkungan mulai diminati konsumen karena keamanan produk dan dampak positif bagi lingkungan. Residu garam rumput laut Sargassum sp. dapat digunakan sebagai pengamplas kulit alami pengganti microbeads. Penambahan ampas teh dapat meningkatkan nilai fungsionalitas produk terhadap kesehatan kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan karakteristik produk body scrub dari residu garam rumput laut Sargassum sp. dan ampas teh hitam. Body scrub diformulasikan residu garam Sargassum sp. konsentrasi 6%, 7% dan 8% dengan penambahan ampas teh 2% di semua perlakuan. Konsentrasi terbaik body scrub yaitu formula 1 atau penambahan residu garam Sargassum sp. 6%. Body scrub mengandung senyawa aktif alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, dan tanin. Formulasi terbaik body scrub yaitu nilai pH 6,9, viskositas 11.498 cp, daya sebar 3,25 cm, sediaan homogen, tipe emulsi minyak dalam air (m/a), stabil, meningkatkan kelembapan 9%, tidak mengiritasi kulit, nilai total fenol 5,17 mg GAE/g dan aktivitas antioksidan DPPH 51,98 ppm., Consumers are beginning to be more interested in green beauty products because of the product's safety and positive impact on the environment. Salt residue from the seaweed Sargassum sp. can be used as a natural skin scrubber to replace microbeads. The addition of tea leaves can increase the functional value of the product for skin health. The aim of this research is to determine the properties of a body scrub made from seaweed Sargassum sp. and black tea dregs. The body scrub is formulated with Sargassum sp. salt residue at concentrations of 6%, 7% and 8% with the addition of 2% tea dregs in all treatments. The best concentration of body scrub is formula 1 with the addition of 6% Sargassum sp. salt residue. Body scrubs contain active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and tannins. The best body scrub formulation has pH 6.9, viscosity 11,498 cp, spreadability 3.25 cm, homogeneous preparation, oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion type, stable, increases moisture 9%, does not irritate the skin, total phenolic value 5,17 mg GAE/g and DPPH antioxidant activity 51.98 ppm.
Keyword: antioxidant, back tea dreg, green cosmetics, scrub preparation

Judul: Zero-inflated negative binomial models in small area estimation.
Abstrak: The problem of over-dispersion in Poisson data is usually solved by introducing prior distributions which lead to negative binomial models. Poisson data sometime is also suffered by excess zero problems, a condition when data contains too many zero or exceeds the distribution's expectation. Zero Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) method can be utilized to solve such problems. This paper demonstrates the adaption of ZINB methods in Small Area Estimation with excess zero data. It is shown that the excess zero problem has substantially influenced the Empirical Bayes (EB) estimates, and the adaption of ZINB methods has improved the precision and reliability of the estimates. Key Words: Small Area Estimation, Zero-Inflation, Poisson-Gamma, Negative Binomial Regression, Empirical Bayes
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