Judul: Mempelajari Karakteristik Fisik Edible Film dari Protein Kedelai
Abstrak: Edible film merupakan lapisan tipis dan kontinu yang dibuat dari bahan yang dapat dimakan, dibentuk di atas makanan atau diletakkan di antara komponen makanan dan berfungsi sebagai barrier t- erhadap transfer massa, atau % $ sebagai carrier bahan makanan dan aditif atau untuk mening- * katkan penanganan makanan. , ." Penelitian ini bertu&-an untuk mencari formulasi bahan dan teknik pembuatan edible film dari protein kedelai, mempelajari karakteristik fisik edible film yang dibuat dari bahan utama protein kedelai sehingga diperoleh informasi dasar sifat-sifat fisik edible film dari protein kedelai. Bahan penelitian
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Judul: Pengaruh Penambahan Carboxymethylcelullose dan Sorbitol terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Edible Film dari Ekstrak Protein Bungkil Kedelai
Abstrak: tein. Diduga dapat digunakari sebagai ballan pembuatan edible j/nr ur~tuk memperluas pemanfaata~inya. Penelitian ini bettujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang pengarul~ yang ditimbulkan akibat penamballan CMC dan sorbitol terhadap karakteristik fisik edible #Inz yang dibuat dari ekstrak protein bungkil kedelai. Keniudian sebagai bentuk aplikasinya dicoba heat scalability film yang dihasilkao untuk mengetahui kemuugkinan pembuatan kantong bumbu dan minyak mi instan. Bahan penelitian adalah bungkil kedelai , CMC dan sorbitol yang ditambal~kan sebagaiplasticizer. Burigkil kedelai diambil ekstrak proteinnya dengan beberapa tahap, yaitu : pe~iggilingan,p erendaman pada suhu 65°C selama 1 jam, peuirisa~s~e lama 20 metiit, pengl~ancuran dengan Waring blender dengan rasio penambal~an air 1:6, pemasakan pada suhu 95 - 98°C selama 10 menit, pemerasan dan sentrihse. Pembuatan edible $ltn dengan bahan dasar ekstrak protein kedelai diiakukan dengan cara sebagai berikut. Protein didenaturasi dengau penambahan sedikit demi sedikit etanol pada rasio 1:l (vlv), pencampuran CMC dan sorbitol , l~omoge~iisasi selama 5 inenit, pemallasan pada suhu 60 - 70°C selama 10 menit, pengl~ila~igazna t terlarut (degnssbig) selama 10 menit sambil diaduk, penyebaran dar~ perataan lamtan pembentuk film di atas lernpeng kaca, pengeringan pada suhu 75°C selama 4 - 5 jam, pengarlgkatan film yang terbentuk dali atas lempeng kaca da11 pelapisan dengall alut'o/kanto~p~la~s tik.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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