Judul: Pengembangan Aplikasi T-RFLP Untuk Pencarian Nama Bakteri
Abstrak: Salah satu kajian yang banyak diteliti didalam bioinfo:matika adalah menganaJisis keragaman komunitas mikroba. Salah satu metode yang digunakan adalah TRFLP (Terminal Restriction Fragment Polymorphism). Dengan metode ini peneliti akan dapat mengetahui identitas hakleri yang belum diketahui, maka gen 168 rRNA dari bakleri tersebut diambil dan dipotong dengan ellzym restriksi. Panjang potongan tersebut (T-RF) akan dibandingkan dengan panjang T-RF sekuen gen 16S rRNA dari bakteri yang sudah ada di database. Jika hanya menggunakan salu enzym restriksi maka akan terdapat banyak kemungkinan nama bakteri yang muneul, oleh sebab itu malcin sedikit enzym restriksi yang digunakan. maka makin sedikit nama bakteri yang muncuk sehingga nama bakteri yang ditemukan menjadi lebih pasti.
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Judul: Analisis Komunitas Bakteri Fruktosfer Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Teknik Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP)
Abstrak: The knowledge about bacterial community could provide basic information for the development of further research. One method that could be used to analize the diversity of microbial community is Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). The objective of this research is to analyze the existing bacterial diversity on oil palm fructosphere. The 16S rRNA genes were amplified by PCR using forward primer (27F) and reverse primer (926R) which have been labeled. The PCR product were then digested with four different enzymes, namely BstUI, MspI, DdeI, and Sau96I. The elecroforegram showed that these enzymes produce different patterns due to the unique restriction sites of each enzymes. In general, BstUI and MspI enzymes produce more Terminal Restriction Fragment (TRF) than two other enzymes. From T-RFLP analysis we could identify some bacterial genus. Bacteria that were predicted to be present in oil palm fructosphere were gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, soil bacteria, marine bacteria, and bacteria that could not be cultured.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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