Judul: Corporation-Based Breedloot Cattle Production Model in Smallholder Farming, Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province
Abstrak: Usaha peternakan sapi potong di Indonesia sebagian besar merupakan usaha rakyat yang dilakukan secara tradisional tanpa sentuhan teknologi sehingga hasilnya tidak maksimal apalagi dengan skala kepemilikan kecil per peternak. Perubahan paradigma usaha budidaya ke arah korporasi sangat diperlukan agar peternak rakyat merasakan keuntungannya. Efisiensi usaha dan peningkatan produktivitas ternak adalah tujuan yang harus dicapai agar beternak dapat menjadi sumber pendapatan secara berkelanjutan. Agar tujuan ini terwujud, model produksi yang difokuskan pada sapi breedlot dipelajari di Stasiun Lapang Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SL-SPR) Kawasan Sungai Lilin Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah membangun model produksi sapi pembiakan dan penggemukan (breedlot) berbasis korporasi di peternakan rakyat yang telah mengikuti program pembelajaran SPR-1111 IPB yang dapat diterapkan di Indonesia. Analisis keberlanjutan yang dilakukan dari dimensi ekologi, dimensi teknologi dan dimensi ekonomi dilakukan sebagai tujuan khusus dalam penelitian ini. Dimensi ekologi meliputi potensi wilayah dan daya dukung pakan di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, dimensi teknologi meliputi sistem produksi sapi breedlot di peternakan rakyat dan peningkatan produktivitas melaui perbaikan pakan di Kecamatan Sungai Lilin, serta dimensi ekonomi berkaitan dengan penilaian kelayakan finansial dan strategi pengembangan usaha sapi breedlot berbasis korporasi yang dilakukan di SL-SPR Kawasan Sungai Lilin. Ketiga dimensi tersebut adalah satu kesatuan sistem produksi yang komplek dan saling berkaitan satu dengan yang lain. Simulasi model produksi dilakukan dan dihitung untuk mengetahui pengaruh sistem yang diterapkan tehadap efisiensi produksi dan kelayakan usaha sapi breedlot di SL-SPR tersebut. Hasil simulasi digunakan sebagai dasar pertimbangan dalam menyusun strategi pengembangan usaha sapi breedlot berbasis korporasi di peternakan rakyat. Manfaat dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangan gagasan tentang (1) pengambilan keputusan dalam pengusahaan ternak bagi peternak rakyat, (2) perumuskan kebijakan dalam peningkatkan produktivitas ternak dan pendapatan peternak rakyat bagi pemangku kebijakan. Penelitian terkait dimensi ekologi dilakukan di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin Provinsi Sumatera Selatan pada bulan Januari-September 2021. Kaji terap dan pengambilan koefisien teknis penelitian dilakukan pada SL-SPR di Kecamatan Sungai Lilin Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Evaluasi dimensi ekologi dianalisis dengan perhitungan kepadatan ternak dan penduduk, wilayah pengembangan, potensi wilayah dan pakan, kapasitas tampung wilayah dan indeks daya dukung lahan. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui sampling, wawancara, observasi lapangan serta data sekunder dari instansi terkait. Data diolah menggunakan rumus kepadatan ternak dan penduduk, wilayah pengembangan, Location Quotient (LQ), potensi pakan dan kapasitas tampung serta dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil analisa dimensi ekologi untuk kepadatan ekonomi kurang dari 50 ST 1000 jiwa-1, usahatani kurang dari 0,25 ST ha-1 dan wilayah kurang dari 10 ST/km2 atau secara keseluruhan Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin dikategorikan jarang. Kepadatan penduduk per km2 kurang dari 1249 jiwa termasuk dalam kategori jarang. Seluruh kecamatan di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin dapat dikategorisasikan sebagai wilayah penyebaran dan pengembangan sapi potong termasuk sapi Bali. Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin memiliki daya dukung pakan di seluruh kecamatan berstatus aman. Dari hasil analisa LQ, lima kecamatan termasuk Plakat tinggi, Lais, Sungai lilin, Keluang dan Tungkal Jaya adalah basis pengembangan sapi potong, dengan produksi pakan total sebesar 885.385,24 ton BK tahun-1 yang dapat menampung ternak ruminansia 776.653,728 ST dan kapasitas peningkatan populasi sapi potong sebesar 108.731,52 ST dengan indeks daya dukung aman. Kebun sawit sebagai sumber hijauan untuk 16.139,76
Keyword: breedlot cattle, business feasibility, corporation-based, production model, smallholder farmers

Judul: New Initiative to Build a Breeding Business of Bali Cattle Based on Community in Field Station of Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SL-SPR)
Abstrak: The government has launched a meat self-sufficiency program to meet meat needs since 2005. The main target was to increase the population of cattle in smallholder farmers. The problem is that there are no records and data on smallholder farmers so that it is difficult to increase the population of cattle. The purpose of this study was to (1) produce baseline data on the productive and reproductive performance of Bali cattle and their supporting factors which are used as the basis for starting recording at SL-SPR Maju Bersama (2) to analyze the carrying capacity with feed production and the carrying capacity index of forage land (3) to analyze the projection of Bali cattle population in the next 10 years so that it can be used as basic data to start a breeding business. The research was conducted at SL-SPR Maju Bersama, Sungai Lilin District, Musi Banyuasin Regency in October-December 2019. The material used in this study was the all population of bali cattle, totaling 330 head of the dam belonging to 219 farmers in SL-SPR Maju Bersama, Sungai Lilin District. This study was used survey methods and direct observation of the research object. The parameters analyzed were the potential of bali cattle, reproductive performance, the potential of feed resources and carrying capacity as well as the projection of the bali cattle population for the next 10 years based on 3 simulations, constant, improvement through the SPR program, and intervention of SPR with the government. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis by presenting the test results in tabular form as well as the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test to analyze the influence of factors that affect the reproductive performance of the dam. The projection of bali cattle population was calculated by the Microsoft Excel program. The results showed that the population of bali cattle in SL-SPR Maju Bersama was 1 277 heads. The dam as much as 72.7% came from non-groups, while the others were born and came from in the SPR group; 87.9% owned by themselves, while the others were profit sharing; 70% maintained intensively while the others maintained by semi-intensively and extensively; 58% mated by AI, while the others by natural; 24.5% were in the age range of 3-4 years and 43.0% had a BCS value of 3. The reproductive performance was obtained, age first calving 1 098 ± 12 days; calving interval 455.4 ± 8.33 days; days open 169.4 ± 8.33 and service per conception 5.37 ± 0.42. The origin and age of the dam had a significant effect on calving interval, days open and service per conception (P <0.05). Ownership status had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the age first calving. The total production of feed obtained from forages and agricultural crop residues as much as 15 646.92 tonnes of DM per year with a capacity of 6 259 AU and a capacity to increase the population of ruminants by 5 063 AU. The projection of the bali cattle population for the next 10 years with constant projections, projections with the SPR program and projections of SPR intervention with
Keyword: Bali cattle, Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat, reproductive performance

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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