Judul: Mempelajari Pengolahan Santan Kelapa (Coconus nucifera L.) dan Evaluasi Stabilitas Emulsinya
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari cara pengolahan santan dan mengevaluasi stabilitas emulsinya. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan akan diperoleh suatu cara pengolahan yang paling optimal untuk mendapatkan santan dengan stabilitas emulsi yang tinggi. Perlakuan yang diberikan pada penelitian ini adalah jenis santan yang terdiri dari dua macam yaitu santan penuh dan krim, konsentrasi Tween 40 yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu 0.1, 0.2, dan 0.3 persen, dan konsentrasi Keltrol yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu 0.1, 0.15, dan 0.2 persen. Perlakuan 0.2 persen Tween 40 dan 0.15 persen Keltrol pada jenis santan krim menghasilkan santan dengan stabilitas emulsi paling tinggi, sekurang-kurangnya selama dua bulan penyimpanan pada suhu kamar. Perlakuan penggoncangan pada suhu kamar, pendiaman pada suhu 50°C, dan penggoncangan pada suhu 50°C, selama 24 jam, menyebabkan proses "creaming" santan berjalan lebih cepat. Perlakuan pendiaman pada suhu 10°C memperlihatkan stabilitas emulsi santan yang lebih baik. Pengenceran menyebabkan stabilitas emulsi santan penuh dan krim menurun secara cepat. Semakin tinggi taraf pengenceran, semakin cepat proses "creaming" santan terjadi. Pada berbagai taraf pengenceran mulai dari 0.5 sampai 5 bagian air (volume/volume), santan krim menunjukkan stabilitas emulsi yang lebih baik dibanding santan penuh.
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Judul: Mempelajari stabilitas emulsi santan kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) terhadap proses sterilisasi
Abstrak: Telah dipelajari pengaruh perbandingan ekstraksi (be- rat daging buah kelapa: berat air = 1:1, 1:2, 1:3) terhadap beberapa sifat fisik dan kimia santan segar dan ampas kela- pa. Pada taraf uji lima persen; didapatkan kadar air, le- mak, keasaman, total padatan dan viskositas santan segar serta kadar lemak ampas kelapa dipengaruhi oleh perbanding- an ekstraksi; pH dan kadar protein santan segar serta kadar air dan kadar protein ampas tidak dipengaruhi oleh perban- dingan ekstraksi. Pada proses sterilisasi santan didapatkan bahwa bahan pengemulsi tween 60 dapat mencegah koagulasi santan pada konsentrasi 0.15% w/v dengan pH=7.0 dan perbandingan eks- traksi 1:2. Beberapa parameter telah dipelajari terhadap santan steril yang tidak terkoagulasi pada proses sterilisasi de- ngan perlakuan berat daging buah kelapa: berat air (1:1, 1:2, 1:3), konsentrasi tween 60 (0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35% w/v) dan pH (7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4). Pada taraf uji satu persen; didapatkan stabilitas relatif sangat di- pengaruhi oleh perbandingan ekstraksi, konsentrasi tween 60, pH dan interaksi antara perbandingan ekstraksi dan ...
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Judul: Dog Ticks Infestation and Its Correlation to Tick-Borne Diseases.
Abstrak: Ticks infestation on dog could lead to itchiness, anemia, skin disorders, and tick-borne diseases, such as Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis, Anaplasmosis and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Besides dogs, Ehrlichiosis were known to be zoonotic. Pre-mature stage tick life cycle that occur outside its host, will enhance contacts between ticks and human. The study of ticks infestation and tick-borne diseases on the dog is necessary, because it has not a lot of information about the diversity, prevalence and degree of ticks infestation in Indonesia. Ticks survey, included ticks sampling and dogs blood test were performed at Animal Police Directorate Security Agency (Baharkam) and Atang Sendjaja Air Force (ATS). Meanwhile ticks sampling also data of cases of ticks infestation and diseases transmitted obtained from 21 veterinary clinics in Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung. All ticks samples stored in bottles containing 70% alcohol for identification. Blood tests performed for Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis diagnosis. The identification results of the 950 ticks samples that obtained from 97 dogs of Baharkam, ATS and veterinary clinics in Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung, showed only one ticks species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. This ticks belong to three-host tick, which require three hosts to complete its life cycle. Each ticks stage need a host, either same dog (if it is in place there is only one or a few dogs), as well as different dogs. Research in Baharkam conducted on 81 dogs (53 males and 28 females). The prevalence of dogs infested by ticks was 67.90%. The percentage of male dogs that infested by ticks are larger (69.81%) than female (64.29%). Based on Chi-Square test, there was no relationship between sex and breed of dog with degree of ticks infestation. Generally dogs infested with mild infestation category (41.98%), meanwhile moderate category was 18.52%, 2.47% high and 4.94% very high. The dog’s body region that the most infested by R. sanguineus was dog's back. Probably these body regions were be preferred because they are less accessible for the dog to remove them with its paws. Collection of ticks with tick-drag on Baharkam grass field showed positive results on the field that was more often used to practice by dogs. The samples that obtained was larvae stage ticks with density 152 larvae on 215m2 area of the field. Adult stage ticks and several adult females which laying eggs on the cage wall were obtained in the dog kennels. Whole of male and female ATS dogs infested with ticks (14 dogs). In general, dogs infested with very high infestation category was 64.29%, compared by high degree category (21.43%) and moderate (14.29%). Ticks predilection were found mostly on the dog’s head – neck. On ATS grass field did not reveal any ticks, but positively inside the kennels. It happens probably because dogs are rarely released from the kennel, so that the ticks was did drop-off inside the kennel. The total cases of ticks infestation of dogs at Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung veterinary clinics in 2008 until June 2013 as many as 731 cases. In general, there was an increases of the ticks infestation prevalence at three cities in that range
Keyword: Anaplasma, Babesia, Ehrlichia canis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus