Judul: Peranan aktivitas enzim B-glukosidase pada pembentukan komponen flavor panili selama proses kuring
Abstrak: Vanillin adalah salah satu flavor yang paling banyak digunakan di dunia. Flavor panili dihasilkan dari proses kuring dimana terjadi berbagai perubahan biokimiawi. Panili alami Indonesia dikenal memiliki kualitas yang lebih rendah dibandingkan panili Bourbon karena dipetij muda dan proses kuring kurang sempurna.
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Judul: Aktivitas enzim B-Glukosidase, phenylalanine ammonila lyase (PAL) dan perioksidase dalam hubungannya dengan pembentukan komponen volatil vanila (Vanilla planifolia Andrew) selama proses curing
Abstrak: Flavor vanila terbentuk selama proses curing. Buah vanila segar tidak memiliki flavor khas vanila karena komponen-komponen f1avornya sebagian masih terikat secara glikosidik dengan gula. Proses pemecahan senyawa glikosidik tersebut terjadi selama proses curing terutama dengan adanya aktivitas enzim seperti p-glukosidase. Disamping itu, terdapat enzim Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) yang berperan dalam pembentukan komponen flavor melalui metabolisme fenilpropanoid, dan enzim peroksidase yang berperan dalam reaksi-reaksi oksidasi yang menghasilkan sebagian komponen flavor vanila. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari hubungan antara aktivitas enzimenzim tersebut di atas dengan pembentukan komponen volatil vanila selama proses curing berlangsung.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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