Judul: Studi Trypsin Inhibitor pada Pohon Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen) Provenan Kediri, Solomon dan Subang
Abstrak: Jenis yang banyak dikembangkan pada program pembangunan hutan tanaman di Indonesia saat ini adalah sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen) karena pertumbuhannya cepat dan kegunaan kayunya beragam. Hambatan dalam pengusahaan hutan sengon secara monokultur adalah adanya serangan boktor (Xystrocera festiva Pasceo, Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) yang menyerang batang sengon sejak tegakan berumur 3-4 tahun. Kerugian yang disebabkan oleh hama ini cukup besar. Dalam upaya pencegahan serangan boktor perlu dilakukan penanaman sengon yang resisten terhadap serangan hama, yang diperoleh melalui kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang adanya zat anti hama, berupa trypsin inhibitor pada setiap bagian pohon. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: 1). Perbedaan aktivitas trypsin inhibitor dari ketiga provenan yaitu Kediri, Solomon, dan Subang, 2). Kandungan trypsin inhibitor pada bagian kulit dan batang dari ketiga provenan, 3). Perbedaan aktivitas trypsin inhibitor pada kondisi pohon sehat dan terserang boktor dari ketiga provenan dan 4). Perbedaan aktivitas trypsin inhibitor menggunakan enzim sintetis dan alami dari pencernaan larva boktor. Obyek penelitian ini adalah pohon sengon provenan Kediri, Solomon, dan Subang yang sehat dan terserang hama boktor dari masing-masing provenan. Sampel berasal dari kulit dan batang yang dibuat menjadi serbuk. Pengamatan trypsin inhibitor dilakukan dengan menggunakan enzim trypsin sintetis (SIGMA 3,5 U/mg) dan alami dari pencernaan larva boktor dengan ukuran 1,5 cm, menggunakan substrat sintetis benzoil-DL-arginin-p-nitroanilid (BAPNA). Data diolah dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial dengan 3 faktor yaitu, provenan, kondisi pohon dan bagian pohon menggunakan SPSS 18.0.
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Judul: Studi Trypsin Inhibitor dan Alfa-amylase Inhibitor pada Pohon Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen) Provenan Banjarnegara dan Subang
Abstrak: Plantation of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen) almost always faces the problem of attack by stem borer pest insect, referred to as boktor (Xystrocera festiva Pascoe). The damage and loss incurred by this pest is considerable. In the effort of preventing this attack by boktor there is a need for planting sengon which are resistant to attack by this pest through tree improvement program. Therefore, there is a need for research on the presence of anti pest substance in the form of trypsin inhibitor and α-amylase inhibitor in each part of the tree. Object of this research was part of sengon trees of Banjarnegara and Subang provenances in the form of leaves, bark, and wood, which were made into powder. The trees used in this study were healthy trees and trees attacked by the pest boktor, with replication of five trees for each category of tree condition. Observation of trypsin inhibitor activity was conducted using synthetic substrate benzoil-DL-arginin-p-nitroanilid (BAPNA), enzyme trypsin (SIGMA 3,5 U/mg) and natural enzyme from digestive system of boktor larvae with size of 1,5 cm. Observation of α-amylase inhibitor activity used materials of solution of soluble starch, solution of enzyme α-amylase (SIGMA 320 U/mg), and enzyme α-amylase which was extracted from larvae with size of 3,5 cm. Data were processed in Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 3 factors, namely provenances, tree condition and parts of tree, using software SPSS 12.0 Survey results showed that larvae in bark had length and weight less than larvae in wood. Of the 5 trees of Banjarnegara provenance, boktor larvae were found only in the wood part, whereas in that of Subang provenance, boktor larvae were found in wood and bark parts. Based on analysis of variance, factor of provenance did not have significant effect on activity of trypsin inhibitor. Tree parts and tree condition had very significant effect on activity of trypsin inhibitor. Interaction between factors of provenance and tree parts gave significant effect on activity of trypsin inhibitor. Duncan advanced test showed that bark possessed highest activity of trypsin inhibitor, whereas that of the wood was the lowest. Results of analysis of variance showed that tree condition (healthy or sick trees), as well as tree parts in the form of leaves, bark and wood, had significant effect on activity of α-amylase inhibitor (AIA). On the other hand, provenance factor did not have significant effect. Duncan advanced test showed that wood was the part which had the highest average of α-amylase inhibitor activity, whereas that of the lowest, was in bark part. Interaction between tree condition and tree parts had very significant effect on the magnitude of α-amylase inhibitor activity. Analysis of variance showed that average values of trypsin inhibitor activity which were obtained using synthetic enzyme and natural enzyme from digestive system of boktor did not show significant differences. The same phenomenon was also found for provenance factor. Activity of trypsin inhibitor which was tested using synthetic enzyme was greater compared with that of natural enzyme from boktor digestive system. On the other hand, tree condition had significant effect, where the healthy
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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