Judul: Effects of nitrates and nitrites on the depletion of liver vitamin A stores and carotens utilization in growing-finishing pigs
Abstrak: Three trials were conducted using one hundred thirty Hampshire, Yorkshire and Hampshire x Yorkshire pigs to study the effects of nitrates (KNO3) and nitrites (KNO2) in rations on the depletion of liver vitamin A stores and the utilization of carotene in growing-finishing pigs. In Trial I, 50 Yorkshire x Hampshire pigs were allotted to five ration treatments to study the effects of nitrates and nitrites on the depletion of liver vitamin A stores. Prior to the start of the trial the pigs were fed a balanced ration receiving supplemental vitamin A until they reached an average weight of 100 pounds. In Trial II and III, 80 Hampshine and Yorkshire pigs were assigned to five ration treatments to study the effects of nitrates and nitrites, respectively, on the utilization of carotene in growing-finishing pigs. The sources of vitamin A activity for both trials were beta-carotene (3,300 I.U./kg.) for Treatments 1 through 4 and vitamin A palmitate (1,100 I.U./kg.) for Treatment 5. Criteria used to evaluate the experiments were liver vitamin A values (mcg./gm.), plasma vitamin A values (mcg./100 ml.), methemoglobin (gm./100 ml.), hemoglobin (gm./100 ml.), hematocrit (per cent) and the performance (lb.). The feeding of 3% nitrate or 0.3% nitrite significantly (P <.01) depressed gains with or without vitamin A and carotene supplementation. Neither nitrate nor nitrite showed a significant effect on liver vitamin A stores, plasma vitamin A and methemoglobin, regardless of vitamin A source fed. The addition of 3% nitrate to the diet of pigs receiving supplemental carotene or vitamin A did not effect liver vitamin A stores, plasma vitamin A and methemoglobin levels. Plasma vitamin A levels were signifi- cantly reduced (P<.05) by the feeding of 0.3% nitrite receiving either supplemental carotene or vitamin A. Ration containing 0.3% nitrite with vitamin A or carotene supplementation significantly increased (P <.01) methemoglobin values. Nitrate (3% NO3) or nitrite (0.3% NO₂) fed to pigs receiving supplemental vitamin A tended to show a faster depletion rate of liver vitamin A stores and a reduction of plasma vitamin A when compared to nitrate or nitrite-fed pigs receiving supplemental carotene. Hemoglobin and hematocrit remained relatively consistent for the entire trials.
Keyword: Hampshire pigs, Yorkshire pigs

Judul: Vitamin E Supplementation in Diets on The Percentage of Carcasses and Non Carcasses, and Meat Bone Ratio in IPB-D3
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi suplementasi vitamin E dalam ransum terhadap persentase karkas, non karkas, serta rasio daging tulang ayam IPB-D3 dalam ransum yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan 160 ekor ayam IPB-D3 yang diberi ransum perlakuan dari umur 5 sampai 12 minggu. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu jenis ransum (SNI dan SNI+10%) dan suplementasi vitamin E (0 ppm dan 200 ppm). Perlakuan ransum yang diberikan adalah sebanyak 4, yaitu (P1) ransum SNI, (P2) ransum SNI+10%, (P3) ransum SNI+vitamin E 200 ppm, dan (P4) ransum SNI+10%+vitamin E 200ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis ransum SNI+10% meningkatkan persentase bobot karkas, tetapi menurunkan panjang relatif bobot duodenum, persentase jejunum, panjang relatif jejunum, panjang relatif ileum, dan persentase sekum. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah jenis ransum dengan kandungan 10% lebih besar dari SNI ayam kampung mampu meningkatkan bobot karkas ayam IPB-D3., The purpose of this study was to evaluate vitamin E supplementation in the diet to the percentage of carcass, non carcass, and meat bone ratio of IPB-D3 chicken in different diets. This study used 160 IPB-D3 chickens that were given treatment diets from 5 to 12 weeks of age. This study used a factorial RAL pattern with two factors, namely the type of diet (SNI and SNI + 10%) and vitamin E supplementation (0 ppm and 200 ppm). The diets treatments given were 4, namely (P1) diet SNI, (P2) diet SNI+10%, (P3) diet SNI+vitamin E 200 ppm, and (P4) diet SNI+10%+vitamin E 200ppm. The results of the analysis showed that the type of diet SNI+10% increased the percentage of carcass weight, but decreased the relative length of the duodenum, the percentage of the jejunum, the relative length of the jejunum, the relative length of the ileum, and the percentage of the cecum. The type of SNI diet for native chickens with nutrients above 10% was able to increase the carcass weight of IPB-D3 chickens. The type of SNI diets for native chickens with nutrients above 10% was able to increase the carcass weight of IPB-D3 chickens.
Keyword: carcass percentage, IPB-D3 chicken, meat bone ratio, non carcass percentage, vitamin E.

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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