Judul: Performance test of the solar dryers greenhouse effect (erk) hybrid type of tub for drying of maize (zea mays l)
Abstrak: Drying is one of the important stages in postharvest technology of grains, particularly corn. Drying process can be done by natural drying or artificial drying methods. Natural drying is drying by utilizing direct sunlight, while artificial drying is drying process by using dryer machines or mechanical dryer. Green House Effect (GHE) hybrid solar dryer has been developed to fullfill the needed of solar dryer machine which can be operated eventhough in the unfavorable weather or in the night, so it can be operated 24 hours in a day. The aim of this study is to evaluate performance of GHE hybrid solar dryer which has been designed specifically for one ton (zea mays grain) capacity. Result of this study shows that the machine should be operated in hybrid system to reach the drying temperature level (40-60 oC). Solar energy as main energy source only share 10%-25% of the total heat energy needed for the process. Additional energy for the heating process given by biomass (fire wood) at combustion rate 5.05-5.39 kg/hour. It needed 23-25 hours to reduce moisture content from around 31% wb to 14% wb, in the average temperature of drying chamber 55.72 oC and relative humidity at 33.8%. Average total energy efficiency of the drying system using only solar irradiation as energy source (in the morning and sunny day), hybrid system (in unfavorable condition), and only biomass (in the night) are 27.5% , 28.3% and 43.74%.
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Judul: Simulasi Proses Pengeringan Jagung Pipilan dengan Mesin Pengering Surya Tipe Efek Rumah Kaca (ERK)-Hybrid dengan Wadah Silinder
Abstrak: Generally uniformity of moisture content was difficult to be reached due to un-mixed product during drying process. A study on performance of hybrid-green house effect (GHE) solar dryer with rotary drum chamber for shelled corn drying has been conducted. The objectives of this research were: to evaluate performance of hybrid-GHE solar dryer with cylinder type, to develop model to predict temperature, relative of humidity, and decreasing of shelled corn moisture content and to validate the model which developed by the experimental data. The model was constructed based on heat and mass balance. The models were solved by Euler’s finite difference method. Three experiments have been conducted and the results showed that the range of room temperature and relative hummidity were 34.0-41.0 °C and 60.2-76%, respectively. Based on this condition, 1114.1-1304.3 kg mass of shelled corn with the initial moisture content 22.28-24.87% wb. could be dried until to 15.92-17.58% wb. in 8-11 hours. By rotating the cylinder 15 minutes per hour, difference of inside and outside temperature of shelled corn layer was 0-9.8°C and moisture content was 0-2.3% wb. The drying capacity was 118.57-161.76 kg/h. Spesific energy consumption and main cost were 6.03-10.13 MJ/kg and 75.89-124.37 Rupiah/kg, respectively. Total efficiency with solar iradiation and without solar iradiation were 19.88-39.15% and 22.51-46.06%, respectively. The models that had developed has already explain the experiment data. Coefficient of determinant (COD) of model with experiment data for room temperature, relative of humidity, grain temperature, water tank temperature, and moisture content were 0.74, 0.09, 0.35, 0.91 and 0.98, respectively. The absolute percentage deviation (APD) were 1.29%, 5.89%, 1.79%, 3.5% and 0.86%. Simulation for rotating cylinder showed that by continuous rotating had the highest influence for uniformity of temperature and moisture content. The result showed that this treatment had smallest difference of inside and outside temperature and moisture content were 0.05-1.78°C and 0.14-0.56% wb. respectively. Simulation for input changing showed that by using higher mass flow rate was 0.8 kg/second had the best influence for uniformity of temperature. The result showed that this treatment had smallest difference of inside and outside temperature was 0.31-7.81°C and the APD was 3.82%. And by adding 10% iradiation input had the highest influence for uniformity of moisture content. The result showed that this treatment had smallest difference of inside and outside moisture content was 0.14-2.94% wb. and the APD was 1.09%.
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Judul: Infeksi cacing Ascarid pasa anjing dan kucing, serta hubungannya sebagai zoonosis
Abstrak: Ada tiga cacing Ascarid yang didapatkan pada anjing dan kucing, yaitu Toxocara canis pada anjing, Toxocara cati pada kucing dan Toxascaris leonina pada anjing dan kucing. Ketiganya mempunyai habitat di usus kecil (Soulsby, 1982). Manusia dapat bertindak sebagai induk semang paratenik dari kelompok ini, melalui anjing dan kucing yang menderita sebagai sumber infeksi, terutama anak- anak anjing dan anak-anak kucing (Brown, 1975). Dari kelompok Ascarid ini penyebab utama penyakit pada manusia adalah Toxocara canis (Soulsby, 1982). Penyakit pada manusia yang disebabkan oleh kelompok ini dikenal sebagai penyakit 'Visceral Larva Migrans' (Brown, 1975), Toxocariasis (Beaver, 1966). Penularan pada anjing dan kucing, dapat melalui telur infektif (langsung), induk semang paratenik seperti tikus, kecos, cacing Lanah dan lain-lain (tidak langsung), intrauterin, trans-mammary dan secara fecaloral. Pada manusia, penularan terjadi melalui telur infektif yang tertelan. Gejala klinis yang tampak pada anjing dan kucing yang terinfeksi oleh kelompok ini, adalah anjing kurus, pertumbuhan terhambat, gelisah, batuk, respirasi meningkat, keluar cairan dari hidung, muntah yang kadang kadang bercampur dengan cacing, icterus, diare, sakit pada abdomen, perut buncit dan kadang-kadang timbul gejala konvulsi (Kelly, 1977). Pada manusia tanda klinis yang umum terlihat, yaitu batuk, dispnoe disertai demam dan gejala umum lainnya. Kadang-kadang endopthalmitis, retinitis perifer, papilitis, dan konvulsi. Pemeriksaan darah terlihat eosinofilia, leukositosis, hiperglobulinemia dan pemerik saan yang lain memperlihatkan hepatomegali…dst
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