Judul: Pengembangan model sistem kebijakan dan hukum pemberantasan pembalakan liar atau illegal logging: studi kasus di Provinsi Riau
Abstrak: Maraknya pembalakan liar atau illegal logging terjadi sejak dulu hingga kini, diakibatkan oleh rendahnya rasa kepatuhan terhadap implementasi hukum dari seluruh peraturan perundangundangan yang ada, membangkitkan kesadaran bagi para pemerhati dan penegak hukum Indonesia untuk mencari serta membangun sebuah sistem yang lebih baik. Penelitian dilakukan dari tahun 2005-2007, serta meneruskan penelitian terdahulu secara terus-menerus secara hati-hati hingga tahun 2011, terhadap 23 peraturan perundangundangan mulai dari payung hukum yaitu UUD 45 (Undang Undang Dasar 1945), UU (Undang Undang), Kebijakan, hingga PP (Peraturan Pemerintah), KEPPRES (Keputusan Presiden), dan INPRES (Instruksi Presiden). Analisis Konten yang dilakukan dengan memakai 10 kriteria, yaitu: (1) Hierarki; (2) Sistem Hukum Indonesia; (3) Nomor Peraturan; (4) Pasal; (5) Topik Utama; (6) Indikator; (7) Eksplisit; (8) Implisit; (9) Pemahaman Sama; (10) Multi Tafsir. Dan 4 indikator, yaitu: (1) sustainable development; (2) Pembalakan Liar (Termasuk Pencurian Kayu); (3) Kerusakan Lingkungan; dan (4) Sanksi. Kajian dari seseluruhan 23 peraturan perundangundangan dibagi lagi berdasarkan kelompok substansinya dalam 3 kelompok: (1) Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan Hidup (SDALH), (2) Tata Ruang dan Administrasi (TRA) dan (3) Budaya dan Perilaku (BP). Menghasilkan peraturan perundangundangan yang terkait dengan SDALH adalah sebanyak 14 buah (64%), TRA sebanyak 2 buah (9%) dan BP sebanyak 6 buah (27%). Hasil kajian menyeluruh terhadap Peraturan perundang-undangan yang dikaji maka hasil Analisis Konten untuk semua peraturan perundangundangan yang diteliti menunjukkan bahwa pasca reformasi dan empat kali amandemen UUD 45, terlihat bahwa seluruh peraturan perundangan yang terkait dengan kebijakan yang berpihak kepada pembangunan berkelanjutan atau sustainable development khususnya sustainable forest management hingga tahun 2011 semakin berkurang bahkan nyaris tidak berpihak. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi model sistem pemberantasan pembalakan liar atau illegal logging terhadap percepatannya di tahun 2012 ini untuk seluruh wilayah Indonesia.
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Judul: Kebijakan Pemberantasan Illegal Logging untuk Perlindungan Sumberdaya Hutan di Indonesia
Abstrak: The lost of world’s natural tropical forest is the highest in Indonesia (2,83 million ha per year). Combating illegal logging in Indonesia has become the priority of national program. The purpose of the research is to analyze the policy related to the combating illegal logging in Indonesia, the role of stakeholders and the formula of effective and legal way to to eliminate illegal logging in Indonesia. The research method uses the 4Rs method (Responsibilities, Rights, Revenues, and Relationship) to analyze the role of stakeholder in practicing the policy to eliminate the illegal logging in Indonesia. The analytical approach uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process, AHP, to create decision by using mathematical model. Data analysis in this research uses critical approach. The data compiled in this research are secondary data in the form of laws based on forest management regulation in Indonesia. The research observed illegal logging in Indonesia generally and Jambi specifically. The tendency of illegal logging in the prone forest territory with the potential of standing stocks shows that the illegal logging practice is influenced by the illegal log market. This is supported by the fact that operation to combat massive illegal logging happened in the Riau province, directly bordered to the Jambi province. The finding is the regulation related to illegal logging in Indonesia is appropriate to be used as law outside the forest territory but still related to the derivative act. Even though the law is sufficient, it is not effectively implemented due to the weak law enforcement and weak law compliance. The relation between law enforcer in order to eliminate illegal logging is approximately enough, yet weak between the forest technical and environmental institution with the regional institution. The priority of policy to combat illegal logging in Indonesia based on the data analysis result using AHP approach by showing factor, actor, purpose, and alternative policy which has the highest priority value is the law enforcement factor, government actor, the goal to recover the forest economy, and application of command-andcontrol- natured policy, respectively.
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Judul: Bioelectricity Production from Citrobacter freundii GBH253 and Chlorella pyrenoidosa on Microbial Fuel Cell Anode with Different Carbon Sources
Abstrak: Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) development has significantly increased from various aspects to get higher and more stable electricity. Developing MFC on microorganism aspect is very important because it plays a crucial role in the MFC system. C. freundii GBH253 is one of the potential exoelectrogen bacterium that could be developed for the MFC system. Integrating C. freundii GBH253 and electricity-producing microalgae, such as C. pyrenoidosa, in the anode of MFC could get more stable and higher electricity. In this study, C. freundii GBH253 and C. pyrenoidosa were coupled to produce electricity from different substrates. C. freundii GBH253 and C. pyrenoidosa were tested on three different media types before being tested on MFC. They were also examined for the co-cultivation test to determine the symbiotic relationship between the two microorganisms. The MFC test was conducted using the Randomized Block Design Factorial and the Tukey test to see significant differences from each treatment. The parameters observed in this study were voltage, power density, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Coulombic Efficiency (CE), pH, and volatile fatty acid (VFA). C. freundii GBH253 cannot grow on microalgae medium, while C. pyrenoidosa could grow on bacterial medium and a mixture of bacterium and microalgae media. The bacterium gained benefit from co-culture with microalgae. In the MFC test, electricity was generated in all treatments, which bacterium + microalgae with acetate treatment could generate power density up to 211,97 mW/m2 and the most stable compared to others. Production of electricity in bacterium-microalgae combination dominated by the bacterium; hence, microalgae still help bacterium by producing electricity and raised the COD value. The pH value of all treatments was higher than the initial pH. Acetate and phenol were VFA produced in all treatments, whereas butyric acid and propionic acid were found in some treatments. Pearson correlation showed that some VFA highly correlated with power density.
Keyword: Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Substrate, Microbial Fuel Cell, Electricity Producing Microalgae, Volatile Fatty Acid, Citrobacter freundii