Judul: Head Capsule width of the Larvae, Pupae, Adult and Body Characters of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) Larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Ulat grayak frugiperda atau Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) merupakan serangga invasif yang dapat menyerang banyak famili tanaman, salah satunya adalah famili gramineae seperti jagung, padi, gandum, sorgum, dan tebu. Larva S. frugiperda dapat menyebabkan kerusakan parah dan dapat mengakibatkan kematian tanaman. Larva ini memiliki variasi morfologi tubuh sehingga dapat menyulitkan identifikasi instar larva dalam kegiatan monitoring dan pengendalian hama ini di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengelompokkan ukuran lebar kapsul kepala larva, melakukan pengukuran panjang dan lebar pupa, serta rentang sayap imago. Penelitian ini juga mengamati variasi warna tubuh, warna dan corak kepala, warna garis huruf Y, warna garis dorsal dan warna garis lateral dari larva S. frugiperda yang diperoleh dari Kabupaten Bogor. Sampel larva yang diambil secara purposive sampling diperoleh dari 3 kecamatan di Kabupaten Bogor, yaitu Ciomas, Cikarawang, dan Cibeureum. Pengamatan terhadap morfologi dan pengukuran lebar kapsul kepala larva dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop stereo. Data lebar kapsul kepala larva dianalisis dengan boxplot. Untuk data warna tubuh, corak dan warna kepala, warna huruf Y, warna garis dorsal, serta warna garis lateral dianalisis secara deskriptif. Lebar kepala kapsul larva instar 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6 berturut-turut berkisar pada 0.32- 0.46 mm, 0.55-0.70 mm, 0.72-0.99 mm, 1.01-1.66 mm, 1.71-2.29 mm, dan 2.30- 3.25 mm. Warna tubuh, warna dan corak kepala, warna huruf Y, warna garis dorsal, dan warna garis lateral berturut-turut sebanyak 3 variasi, 6 variasi, 4 variasi, 6 variasi, dan 4 variasi. Panjang pupa, lebar pupa, panjang sayap depan, panjang sayap belakang, dan rentang sayap imago jantan tidak berbeda nyata dengan imago betina., The fall armyworm or Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive insect that can attack many plant families, one of which is the Gramineae family such as corn, rice, wheat, sorghum, and sugar cane. S. frugiperda larvae can cause severe damage and can result in plant death. These larvae have variations in body morphology so that it can be difficult to identify larval instars in monitoring and controlling these pests in the field. This study was aimed to classify the width of the larval head capsule, to measure the length and width of the pupa, and the wingspan of the adult. This study also observed variations in body colour, head colour and pattern, letter Y line colour, dorsal line colour and lateral line colour of S. frugiperda obtained from Bogor Regency. The sample of larvae taken by purposive sampling was obtained from 3 subdistricts namely from Ciomas, Cikarawang, and Cibeureum. Observations of the morphology and measurement of the larval head capsule width were carried out using a stereomicroscope. The data on the width of the larval head capsule was analyzed by a boxplot. Data for the body colour, head pattern and colour, letter Y colour, dorsal line colour, and lateral line colour were analyzed descriptively. The head width of instar larvae capsules 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 ranged from 0.32-0.46 mm, 0.55-0.70 mm, 0.72-0.99 mm, 1.01-1.66 mm, 1.71-2.29 mm, and 2.30-3.25 mm, respectively. The body colour, head colour and pattern, letter Y colour, dorsal line colour, and lateral line colour had
Keyword: fall armyworm, instar variations, maize, monitoring

Judul: Biology and Life Table of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Babycorn
Abstrak: Biologi dan neraca hayati ulat grayak jagung, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada babycorn. Ulat grayak jagung, S. frugiperda merupakan hama asing invasif yang telah menimbulkan kerusakan berat pada tanaman jagung di Pasaman Barat, Sumatera Barat pada awal tahun 2019. Informasi mengenai biologi dan neraca hayati S. frugiperda di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui biologi dan neraca hayati S. frugiperda yang dipelihara di laboratorium dengan pakan jagung semi. Larva tahap pertama (110) dipelihara secara individual pada wadah yang berisi babycorn sebagai pakan. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap hari samapi munculnya imago. Imago yang muncul dipasangkan dan dipelihara dalam kurungan yang terpisah. Pengamatan terhadap imago dilakukan setiap hari sampai imago mati. Data yang diperoleh yaitu data stadium, data pengukuran, dan data neraca hayati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata stadium dari telur, larva 6 instar, pra-pupa, dan pupa berturut-turut adalah 2.47, 14.96, 1.83, 9.75 (jantan), dan 8.81 (betina) hari. Rataan masa pra-oviposisi, oviposisi, pasca-oviposisi, lama hidup imago, dan siklus hidup berturut-turut, yaitu 1.60, 7.90, 2.27, 11.34 (jantan), 11.77 (betina), 37.69 (jantan), dan 37.70 (betina) hari. Telur yang diletakkan imago betina rata-rata sebanyak 1365.86 butir dengan persentase fertilitasnya sebesar 94.68%. Kurva kesintasan S. frugiperda adalah kurva sintasan tipe I, dengan laju reproduksi kotor (GRR) 1442.49 individu per generasi, laju reproduksi bersih (Ro) 1342.77 individu per induk per generasi, laju pertambahan intrinsik (r) 0.23 individu per induk per hari, rataan lama generasi (T) 31.23 hari, dan waktu yang dibutuhkan populasi untuk berlipat ganda (DT) adalah 3.01 hari., Biology and life table of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on babycorn. The fall armyworm, S. frugiperda is an invasive pest that caused serious damage on corn in West Pasaman, West Sumatera, in early 2019. In Indonesia, research and information about this pest still limited. This research aimed to determine the biology and life table of S. frugiperda on babycorn under laboratory condition. First stage larvae (110) were reared individually in the petridish supplied babycorn as feed. Observation were conducted everyday until adult emergence. Emerging adults were paired and reared in separated cages. Observation of adults were conducted everyday until adult death. Results showed that mean developmental duration of egg, 6 instars larvae, pre-pupa, and pupa were 2.47, 14.96, 1.83, 9.75 (male), and 8.81 (female) days, respectively. The periode of pre-oviposition, oviposition, post-oviposition, longevity of adult, and life cycle were 1.60, 7.90, 2.27, 11.34 (male), 11.77 (female), 37.69 (male), and 37.70 (female) days. The average of the eggs laid by female was 1365.86 eggs and a fertility percentage was 94.68 %. The survival curve of S. frugiperda categorized as a type I, with the gross reproduction rate (GRR) of 1442.49 individual per generation, the net reproduction rate (Ro) was 1342.77 individual per female per generation, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.23 individual per female per day, the mean generation time (T) was 31.23 days, and the population doubling time (DT) was 3.01 days.
Keyword: babycorn, invasive species, life cycle, life table

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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