Judul: Pembuatan Tepung Beras Kaya Protein (BRP) Menggunakan Enzim Amilase dalam Skala Pilot Plant
Abstrak: Protein beras mempunyai nilai gizi terbaik diantara protein serelia lainnya, namun kandungannya dalam beras cukup rendah (6.9 - 11.6%), sehinqqa belum memenuhi batas minimal kadar pr0tei.n untuk makanan bayi menurut Proteincalory Advisory Group (1971) sebesar 15 persen. Penqqunaan tepunq beras sebagai bahan makanan bayi tanpa penambahan sumber protein lainnya akan menimbulkan masalah qizi kekurangan protein. Pembuatan tepunq beras berkonsentrat protein yang dikenal dengan tepunq Beras Kaya Protein (BKP) merupakan salah satu usaha untuk menqatasi masalah tersebut, sekaliqus sebaqai alternatif pemanfaatan beras jika terjadi surplus produksi.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan Enzim Dalam Bioteknologi Beras; studi kasus: Pembuatan Tepung Beras Berkonsentrat Protein
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan enzim kapang Aspergillus oryzae dan Asper- gillus niger untuk meningkatkan kandungan protein tepung beras memberikan alternatif dalam peningkatan ketersediaan protein nabati. Enzim pemecah pati dari kapang Aspergillus oryzae dan Aspergillus niger dapat diproduksi secara seder- hana dengan media fermentasi dedak. Sedang tepung beras yang digunakan dipilih dari jenis varietas yang kurang disu- kai untuk konsumsi langsung. Waktu inkubasi kapang Aspergillus oryzae dan Aspergillus niger untuk produksi enzim adalah 3 hari. Enzim yang berasal dari kapang Aspergillus oryzae mempunyai aktifitas-amilase, amiloglukosidase dan protease masing-masing 24.12 unit/ml, 3.28 unit/ml dan 0.94 unit/ml, sedang enzim yang berasal dari Aspergillus niger masing-masing 17.34 unit/ml, 4.66 unit/ml dan 0.33 unit/ml. Enzim yang dihasilkan menunjukkan aktifitas optimum pada pH 5.5-6.0 dan suhu 60°C. Sifat-sifat enzim dan sifat fisiko kimia tepung beras merupakan faktor-faktor utama yang mempengaruhi rendemen tepung, rendemen protein dan kadar protein dari tepung beras berkonsentrat protein (BBP) yang dihasilkan. Pada pembuatan tepung BBP, hidrolisa enzimatis dari tepung beras yang digelatinisasi dapat meningkatkan kandung- an protein tepung beras dari sekitar 8 persen (bk) menjadi 14.67 24.50 - 31.75 persen (bk), dengan rendemen tepung antara 53.17 persen dan rendemen protein antara 82.15 97.76 persen. Hasil samping dari pembuatan tepung BBP ini adalah sirop maltosa. Kandungan maltosa dan glukosa dari sirop maltosa yang dihasilkan masing-masing adalah 3.558 - 15.24 mg/ml dan 0.456 - 0.687 mg/ml…
Keyword: Pemanfaatan Enzim Dalam Bioteknologi Beras, studi kasus: Pembuatan Tepung Beras Berkonsentrat Protein

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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