Judul: Tropospheric Ozone Formation a Systematic Literature Review
Abstrak: Ozon permukaan merupakan merupakan salah satu polutan udara yang memiliki dampak buruk terhadap vegetasi dan kesehatan manusia serta berperan sebagai gas rumah kaca. Keberadaan ozon permukaan berasal dari rangkaian proses fotolisis ozon stratosfer dan juga reaksi kimia dengan polutan lain di troposfer. Pembentukan ozon permukaan dipengaruhi oleh faktor meteorologi terutama insolasi matahari dan konsentrasi prekursornya antara lain NOx, HOx, dan VOCs. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas secara komprehensif proses pembentukan ozon permukaan meliputi faktor meteorologi yang mempengaruhi pembentukan ozon permukaan, peran prekursor terhadap reaksi kimia pembentukan ozon, dan perilaku ozon permukaan secara diurnal terutama dalam fenomena peningkatan konsentrasi ozon di malam hari dan dampaknya terhadap proses kimia atmosfer. Metode berbasis tinjauan pustaka sistematis (systematic literature review) digunakan untuk mengumpulkan informasi dari literatur-literatur terkait. PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) dan PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) digunakan untuk menentukan kata kunci pencarian dan ekstraksi informasi. Faktor meteorologi terutama insolasi matahari berperan dalam keberlangsungan reaksi pembentukan ozon permukaan, mekanisme reaksi kimia pembentukan ozon dipengaruhi oleh gas-gas prekursor diantaranya HOx, NOx, dan VOC. Ketika insolasi matahari minimum seharusnya terjadi penurunan konsentrasi ozon, namun pada beberapa kasus terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi ozon yang disebut Nocturnal Ozone Enchanchement (NOE). Fenomena peningkatan konsentrasi ozon di malam hari disebabkan oleh faktor utama peningkatan proses vertical mixing dan long range transport., Surface ozone (O3) is one of the air pollutants that has a negative impact on vegetation and human health and acts as a greenhouse gas. Surface ozone comes from a series of stratospheric ozone photolysis processes and chemical reactions with other pollutants in the troposphere. The formation of surface ozone is influenced by meteorological factors, especially solar radiation and the precursors which include NOx, HOx, and VOCs. This study aims to comprehensively discuss the process of surface ozone formation including meteorological factors affecting surface ozone formation, the role of precursors to ozone formation chemical reactions, and the diurnal behavior of surface ozone especially in the phenomenon of increasing ozone concentrations at night and its impact on atmospheric chemical processes. The systematic literature review based method is used to collect information from related literature. PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) are used to determine search keywords and information extraction. Meteorological factors, especially solar insolation play a role in the continuity of the surface ozone formation reaction. The chemical reaction mechanism for ozone formation is influenced by precursor gases including HOx, NOx, and VOC. When minimum solar insolation there should be a decrease in ozone concentration, but in some cases there is an increase in ozone concentration which is called Nocturnal Ozone Enhancement (NOE). The phenomenon of increasing ozone concentration at night is caused by the main factor of increasing vertical mixing and long range transport processes.
Keyword: nocturnal ozone, ozone formation, ozone precursors, surface ozone