Judul: Diversity and Abundance of Canopy Spiders in Different Types of Land Use in the Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas, Jambi Province
Abstrak: Penurunan tutupan kanopi pada kawasan hutan hujan tropis berdampak negatif terhadap keberlangsungan hidup spesies di dalamnya, tidak terkecuali Arthropoda. Salah satu kelompok Arthropoda yang berperan penting dalam keseimbangan ekosistem adalah kelompok Araneae (laba-laba). Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, dan komposisi laba-laba kanopi pada empat tipe penggunaan lahan, mengetahui pengaruh transformasi habitat terhadap komposisi laba-laba, dan mengetahui spesies unik apa saja yang terdapat pada berbagai tipe penggunaan lahan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di lanskap Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas (TNBD) pada empat tipe penggunaan lahan diantaranya : hutan, hutan karet, perkebunan karet, perkebunan kelapa sawit. Setiap tipe penggunaan lahan dipilih 4 plot inti dan masing-masing plot inti terdiri atas 3 subplot. Serangga yang berjatuhan saat proses pengasapan akan tertampung di dalam 8 wadah (1 m x 1 m) yang telah dipasang di bawah kanopi. Sampel yang berhasil dikumpulkan disortir dan diidentifikasi Di Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati, Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Sampel yang dapat dikumpulkan sebanyak 1879 laba-laba, yang terdiri dari 24 famili dan 405 morfospesies. Terdapat famili yang memiliki morfospesies paling melimpah yaitu Theridiidae (89) dengan persentase sebesar 21,97% dari jumlah morfospesies yang diidentifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tipe penggunaan lahan memengaruhi keanekaragaman dan komposisi laba-laba, akan tetapi tidak memengaruhi kelimpahan laba-laba. Keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan laba-laba lebih tinggi di hutan dan hutan karet dibandingkan perkebunan karet dan kelapa sawit. Hal ini berarti bahwa transformasi habitat berperan penting dalam keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan laba-laba kanopi pada berbagai tipe penggunaan lahan., Decrease canopy cover in tropical rain forest areas has a negative impact on the survival of the species in environment, including arthropods. One of the arthropod groups that play an important role in the ecosystem is the Araneae group (spiders). This study aims to study the diversity, abundance and composition of canopy spiders in different types of land use, to determine the effect of habitat transformation on the composition of spiders and find out what unique species are found in various types of land use. Sampling was carried out in the Bukit Duabelas National Park (TNBD) landscape on four types of land use including: forest, rubber forest, rubber plantation, oil palm plantation. For each land use type, 4 core plots were selected and each core plot consisted of 3 subplots. All arthropods that fell during the smoking process were captured by 8 containers of 1 m x 1m in size installed under the plant canopy. Samples that have been collected, sorted and identified in the Biological Control Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Bogor Agricultural University. Overall there were 1879 spiders collected, consisting of 24 families and 405 morphospecies. The most abundant morphospecies is Theridiidae (89) which contained 21,97% of all identified morphospecies. The results of this research showed land use type influencing the diversity and composition of spiders, but it does not influence the abundance of spiders. The diversity and abundance of spiders is higher in forest and rubber forests than rubber and oil palm plantations. This means that habitat transformation plays an important role in the diversity and abundance of canopy spiders in various land use types
Keyword: composition, deforestation, forest