Judul: Faktor Gizi Ibu, Sosio-Demografi dan Ukuran Bayi Lahir pada Ibu Hamil di Daerah Pedesaan di Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Maternal dietary intake and nutritional status play an important role in fetal growth and birth outcomes. Pregnant women have higher energy needs, which puts them at risk for undernutrition and the ensuing poor outcomes of birth, such as small birth size and infant mortality. Numerous studies have asserted that maternal nutritional status as indicated by pre-pregnancy body mass index (PP-BMI), mid-upper arm circumference and gestational weight gain (GWG), can impact birth weight and birth length of newborn infants. Additionally, it has been emphasized that maternal nutrition adequacy of macro and micronutrients plays a crucial role in determining birth size. Pregnant women residing in rural areas may find difficulty in meeting the dietary recommendations of nutrients important to nourish the growing fetus. This phenomenon may be as a result of low socio-economic status characterized by low level of education, insufficient family income, poor family background and unemployment. Inadequate intake of essential nutrients over the course of the pregnancy can result in chronic energy deficiency, insufficient weight gain and subsequent poor delivery of nutrients to the growing fetus. In Indonesia, where 42.7% of the population lives in rural areas, maternal undernutrition is widespread, contributing to a high burden of low-birth-weight and length. Studies indicate that pregnant women from economically disadvantaged households in Indonesia often fail to meet nutritional recommendations. Children born to rural mothers have also been reported to be at risk of low birth weight. This study therefore aimed to establish the relationship between maternal socio-demographic factors, nutritional status and nutrition adequacy with birth size among third-trimester pregnant women from farming communities residing in the rural areas of Bogor district. This study was observational in nature with a cross-sectional design that recruited pregnant mothers in the third-trimester. The study was conducted at two local community health centres in the villages of Karyamekar and Bojong as well as the regional hospital of Cileungsi in Bogor district between October 2023 to March 2024. Ethical approval was obtained through the Human Research Ethics Committee, IPB University with number; 919/IT3.KEPMSM-IPB/SK/2023. Samples were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The inclusion criteria comprised third-trimester pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy between 29 to 34 weeks’ gestation, who were willing to participate in the study and signed consent forms. Pregnant mothers with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, congenital anomalies and cancer before pregnancy were excluded from the study. A sample size of 60 respondents was obtained using the sample size calculation for proportion formula. Data on maternal socio-demographics (age, family background, income, education and occupation) nutritional status (MUAC, GWG, PP-BMI) nutrient intake (macro and micronutrients) birth size (birth weight and length) were collected, processed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and analyzed using IBM Statistical Program Social Science (SPSS) Statistic 27. Analysis comprised univariate, bivariate and multivariate. Results of the study demonstrated that low birth weight and length were more prevalent among mothers aged 18-35 years, attended school up to tertiary level, belonged to farming families and had sufficient income. Maternal age was associated with birth weight and length Findings also showed that only fat (57.1%) was consumed adequately by
Keyword: nutritional status, pregnant women, birth size, nutrition adequacy, socio-demographic