Judul: Morphological Characterization and Ability of Actinobacteria as Nitrogen Fixer In Vitro
Abstrak: Aktinobakteri ditemukan hidup sebagai endofit dan rizosfer berpotensi sebagai pemacu tumbuh tanaman. Nitrogen merupakan unsur utama yang diperlukan tanaman untuk pertumbuhannya. Informasi tentang aktinobakteri penambat N2 masih jarang dilaporkan, sedangkan keberadaan aktinobakteri di lingkungan sangat banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi morfologi aktinobakteri endofit dan rizosfer serta mengkaji kemampuannya dalam menambat N2 secara in-vitro. Tahapan penelitian meliputi peremajaan isolat aktinobakteri, karakterisasi morfologi, pertumbuhan pada media bebas nitrogen, uji produksi amonia, serta pola produksi amonia. Delapan isolat aktinobakteri asal endofit dan rizosfer dikarakterisasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis berdasarkan morfologi koloni, penataan rantai spora, warna miselium aerial dan substrat pada empat media berbeda. Hasil karakterisasi morfologi menunjukkan delapan isolat yang diamati memiliki kedekatan dengan Streptomyces spp.. Delapan isolat aktinobakteri mampu menambat N2 berdasarkan pertumbuhan pada media bebas nitrogen dan menghasilkan amonia berkisar antara 4,851 ± 0,100 - 9,474 ± 0,136 ppm. Tiga isolat diantaranya menghasilkan amonia paling baik berasal dari endofit tanaman padi, yaitu IPBCC.b.14.1531, IPBCC.b.14.1534, dan IPBCC.b.14.1535 dengan amonia sebesar 9,474 ppm; 8,587 ppm; dan 6,083 ppm. Pola produksi amonia ketiga isolat terus meningkat seiring makin lamanya masa inkubasi dengan amonia paling tinggi dihasilkan pada hari ke-15. Tiga isolat aktinobakteri tersebut berpotensi menjadi PGPB yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai bakteri pemacu tumbuh tanaman. Kata kunci: aktinobakteri, amonia, morfologi koloni, Streptomyces., Endophytic and rhizosphere actinobacteria have the potential to promote plant growth. Nitrogen is the main element needed by plants for growth. Information about N2-fixing actinobacteria still rarely reported, while the presence of actinobacteria in environment is abundant. This study aimed to characterize the morphology of endophytic and rhizosphere actinobacteria and to study their ability to fix N2 in vitro. The research stages included rejuvenation of isolates, morphological characterization, growth on nitrogen-free media, ammonia-production test and patterns. Eight actinobacteria isolates origin were characterized macroscopically and microscopically based on colony morphology, spore chain arrangement, aerial and substrate mycelium color on four different media. The results of morphological characterization showed that eight isolates observed were close to Streptomyces spp.. Eight isolates were able to fix N2 based on growth on nitrogen-free media and produced ammonia in range of 4.851±0.100 - 9.474±0.136 ppm. The three best ammonia-producing isolates from rice plant endophytes, namely IPBCC.b.14.1531, IPBCC.b.14.1534, and IPBCC.b.14.1535 with ammonia level i.e. 9.474; 8,587; 6.083 ppm respectively. The ammonia production pattern of three isolates continued to increase along with the longer incubation period and the highest ammonia produced on the 15th day. Three isolates have potential to become PGPB which can be developed further as plant growth-promoting bacteria. Keywords: actinobacteria, ammonia, colony morphology, Streptomyces.
Keyword: actinobacteria, ammonia, colony morphology, Streptomyces