Judul: Energy Balance and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Analysis for Bioethanol Production Cassava-Based (Manihot utilissima)
Abstrak: Bioetanol merupakan bahan bakar nabati alternatif untuk mengurangi penggunaan bensin. Perkembangan industri bioetanol di Indonesia semakin meningkat untuk mencapai target bauran energi dengan program Pertamax Green 95. Pemerintah juga mengoptimalkan keikutsertaan perusahaan terhadap kepedulian lingkungan melalui Program Penilaian Peringkat Kinerja Perusahaan dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (PROPER) dengan salah satu penilaiannya yaitu Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan inventori, menganalisis neraca energi, mengkaji dampak, melakukan analisis sensitivitas, dan rekomendasi perbaikan pada daur hidup bioetanol berbahan baku singkong di Indonesia, khususnya di Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder terkait informasi aktual daur hidup bioetanol dengan batasan cradle to gate. Metode penilaian dampak yang digunakan yaitu Recipe 2016 Midpoint (H). Penelitian ini mengacu pada SNI ISO 14040:2016 dan 14044:2017 dengan kategori dampak Global Warming Potential (GWP), Stratospheric Ozone Depletion (SOD), Terrestrial Acidification (TAC), Freshwater Eutrophication (FEU), Terrestrial Ecotoxicity (TEC), dan Human Carcinogenic Toxicity (HCT). Berdasarkan perhitungan neraca energi dengan melibatkan embodied energy bahan baku, diperoleh nilai Net Energy Gain (NEG) dan Net Energy Ratio (NER) sebesar -59,79 MJ/L dan 0,365, serta energi spesifik sebesar 17,16 MJ/L. Potensi dampak lingkungan aktual per liter bioetanol dihasilkan GWP 11,88 kg CO2 eq; SOD 5,9x10-6 kg CFC11 eq; TAC 0,04 kg SO2 eq; FEU 0,01 kg P eq; TEC 41,60 kg 1,4-DCB; dan HCT 2,51 kg 1,4-DCB. Kontribusi terbesar (hotspot) terdapat pada proses pemurnian bioetanol yaitu distilasi dan dehidrasi. Analisis sensitivitas diantaranya skenario jarak kebun/industri chip ke industri bioetanol dan skenario pemanfaatan limbah menunjukkan neraca energi dan dampak lingkungan yang lebih baik., Bioethanol is an alternative biofuel to reduce gasoline consumption. Indonesia’s bioethanol industry development is increasing to achieve the energy mix target through Pertamax Green 95. The government also optimizes companies participation in environmental concerns through the Company Performance Rating Program in Environmental Management (PROPER) with one of it is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This research aims to conduct inventories, analyze energy balances, assess impacts, conduct sensitivity analysis and improvement recommendations of the life cycle bioethanol cassava-based in Indonesia, especially West Java. This research uses secondary data related to actual information by cradle to gate. The life cycle impact assessment method based on Recipe 2016 Midpoint (H). This research refers to SNI ISO 14040:2016 and 14044:2017 by analyzing Global Warming Potential (GWP), Stratospheric Ozone Depletion (SOD), Terrestrial Acidification (TAC), Freshwater Eutrophication (FEU), Terrestrial Ecotoxicity (TEC), and Human Carcinogenic Toxicity (HCT). Energy balance calculaion for Net Energy Gain (NEG) and Net Energy Ratio (NER) that involving embodied energy of raw materials are -59.79 MJ/L and 0.365, then the spesific energy consumption is 17,16 MJ/L. While the environmental impact per liter of bioethanol produced GWP 11.88 kg CO2 eq; SOD 5.9x10-6 kg CFC11 eq; TAC 0.04 kg SO2 eq; FEU 0.01 kg P eq; TEC 41.60 kg 1,4-DCB; dan HCT 2.51 kg 1,4-DCB. The biggest contribution (hotspot) is purifying bioethanol process, these are distillation and dehydration. The sensitivity analysis consists of distance from the farm/chip industry to the bioethanol industry scenario and waste utilization scenario showing improvement for energy balance and environmental impact.
Keyword: bioethanol, cassava, energy balance, life cycle assessment