Judul: Determinants and Strategies for Increasing Palm Oil Enterprises' Participation in the Labor Social Security Program for Casual Laborers
Abstrak: Palm oil production accounts for an estimated 2.5% of Indonesia's GDP and employs up to eight million people in agriculture and processing. The palm oil industry is highly profitable as a result of rising consumption. With high production and proper management development of oil palm, the value of economic income from oil palm products will increase. The palm oil industry contributed significantly to rural development in eradicating poverty. The cultivation of oil palm improves household living standards on average. As the expansion occurs primarily in tropical rainforest regions, it is likely that the development of new oil palm plantations contributes to biodiversity loss, carbon emissions, environmental, and social issues. Due to economic pressures and the principle of survival, many workers then choose to devote themselves to work in the oil palm plantation sector. Despite the benefits of oil palm on household income and consumption, as well as local development and work opportunities, numerous social and environmental costs have been revealed. The employment of temporary contract workers, including daily casual workers, is governed by the Manpower Act and Ministerial Decree No. 100 of 2004 on Manpower and Transmigration. Working condition is strongly correlated to situations where many of the jobs created in palm oil plantations and mills are for casual day laborers, which is particularly vulnerable to being paid low wages, lacking job security, and with minimum legal protection. Seventy percent of people working in palm oil plantation without guaranteed work certainty and job security. They worked as casual laborers, contract workers, and outsourcing workers. With the status as casual laborers and unclear contractual agreement, often their fundamental rights are ignored by companies. Casual day laborers have reported that they are discouraged from joining any type of workers union, a condition that has led to the deterioration of their working conditions. One of the problems experienced by workers is the occurrence of work accidents, and the workers are not legally protected. An event that often happens in oil palm plantations is work accidents either caused by the workforce's negligence or due to inadequate personal protective equipment facilities. If an accident occurs to a casual laborer, then the company has no direct obligation to provide responsibility for the incident even though some companies still provide voluntary assistance as humanitarian, moral support. Companies’ use of casual labor can blur the distinction between laborers and service providers. These include lack of regulation, non-enforcement of existing laws, misuse of power, power imbalances in favor of the employers, and lack of judicial discourse. So, there is a need to find what is the determinant affecting the companies to register the workers to participate in social security program by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Finally, there is a need to formulate a strategy to increase the participation of palm oil enterprises in registering their casual labors for social security. The data used in this research are secondary data and primary data. The secondary data are annual data of oil palm company who registered and still active as of 2021. The data is collected and received from BPJS Ketenagakerjaan database. After requesting to
Keyword: AHP, casual laborers, labor social security, palm oil, binary logistic regression