Judul: Critical Review of the Potential of Preparations of Twenty Species from Fourteen Plant Families for Crop Pest Control
Abstrak: Serangan hama tanaman dapat menimbulkan kerugian yang besar sehingga harus dikelola dengan tindakan pengendalian yang tepat. Insektisida sintetik yang sering digunakan petani dapat menyebabkan berbagai dampak samping yang tidak diinginkan terhadap organisme bukan sasaran dan lingkungan. Insektisida nabati merupakan salah satu alternatif potensial untuk mengendalikan hama tanaman. Kajian pustaka ini dilakukan untuk meninjau secara kritis publikasi tentang sediaan insektisida nabati 20 spesies dari 14 famili tumbuhan. Potensi insektisida nabati tersebut dievaluasi berdasarkan ketersediaan, kefektifan, keamanan terhadap organisme bukan sasaran, dan potensi pemasyarakatannya. Publikasi daring yang relevan ditelusuri melalui database seperti Google, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed, National Center for Biotechnology Information, dan IPB Repository, dengan tambahan beberapa materi cetak. Hasil analisis literatur menunjukkan bahwa di antara 20 spesies tumbuhan yang dievaluasi, hanya 5 spesies yang ekstrak pelarut organik atau minyak atsirinya memiliki bioaktivitas yang sangat kuat terhadap setidaknya satu spesies hama sasaran. Kelima spesies tumbuhan tersebut ialah Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Dysphania ambrosioides, dan Nicotiana tabacum. Sementara itu, sediaan A. sativum, A. indica, dan Citrus limon yang disiapkan dengan pelarut air juga memiliki aktivitas insektisida yang sangat kuat. Data yang tersedia menunjukkan bahwa insektisida nabati aman bagi organisme bukan sasaran dan lingkungan. Peningkatan penggunaan insektisida nabati dapat dilakukan dengan mengintegrasikan pemasyarakatan dan penggunaannya dalam program pengelolaan hama yang relevan., Crop losses due to pest organisms can be substantial and should be managed by applying proper crop protection measures. Synthetic insecticides commonly used by farmers could cause some undesirable side effects to non-target organisms and the environment. Botanical insecticides represent one of the potential alternatives to synthetic insecticides for controlling crop pests. This literature study was carried out to critically review published papers on botanical insecticide preparations of 20 species from 14 plant families. Those botanical insecticides were assessed based on their availability, effectiveness, safety to non-target organisms, and dissemination potential. Relevant publications were searched through online databases such as Google, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed, National Center for Biotechnology Information, and IPB Repository, in addition to some printed materials. Results of the literature analysis showed that among the 20 plant species studied, only 5 species yielded organic solvent extracts or essential oils that had very strong insecticidal activity against at least one target pest species. Those five plant species were Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Dysphania ambrosioides, and Nicotiana tabacum. Meanwhile, A. sativum, A. indica, and Citrus limon aqueous extracts also had very strong insecticidal activity. Available data indicated that botanical insecticides are safe to nontarget organisms and the environment. Enhancement of use of botanical insecticides can be done by integrating their dissemination and use in relevant pest management programs.
Keyword: botanical insecticides, crop pests, feasibility, safety, dissemination