Judul: Analysis of 5’ and 3’UTR Region Polymorphism of Calpain Gene and Its Relationship with Growth and Meat Quality in Beef Cattle
Abstrak: Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) are native cattle that originally specified from domestication of banteng (Bibos banteng). Bali cattle have the potential to be developed as a premium beef producer. Genes that have important role in meat quality are calpain genes (CAPN). Calpains are classified as Ca2+ dependent intracellular cysteine proteases, including the ubiquitously expressed μ-calpain (CAPN1) and m-calpain (CAPN2). The objective of this study was to analyze 5’ and 3’UTR region polymorphism of calpain gene in beef cattle and its association with growth traits, meat quality in bali cattle using ultrasound. The blood samples of beef cattle used was 113 cattle consist of bali cattle (n=52 cattle) obtained from obtained from BPTU-HMT Denpasar Bali Province, Belgian Blue (n=30 cattle), Limousine (n=14 cattle) from BPTU Padang Mangatas, Wagyu (n=7 cattle), and PO (n=10 cattle) from BET Cipelang Bogor, West Java Province. Carcass include longissimus dorsi thickness (LDT), backfat thickness (BFT) and meat include marbling score (MS), intramuscular fat percentage (PIMF) characteristics were measured using ultrasound images and the USG result data was performed by Image-J NIH software. Polymorphism of 5’UTR and 3’UTR regions in CAPN1 gene were analyzed by PCR-RFLP and DNA direct sequencing respectively. Frequencies of genotype and allele, heterozygosity, and HardyWeinberg equilibrium (ꭓ2) were analyzed using PopGen 1.32 program. The association SNPs polymorphism in CAPN1 gene with growth traits namely weaning weight, body weight at 365 days, body weight at 730 days, and body weight gain, carcass and meat characteristics were performed by General Linier Model (GLM) procedure using SAS 9.4 software. The result shows that CAPN1 g.232 G>T SNP at 5’UTR region was polymorphic in bali cattle and PO, however monomorphic in Belgian Blue, Limousine, and Wagyu. The total of six SNPs at 3’UTR region which were g.15284 C>T, g.15347 T>G, g.15525 G>A, g.15853 G>A, g.15905 G>A, and g.15915 G>A were polymorphic in bali cattle, however monomorphic in Belgian Blue, Limousine, Wagyu and PO. The 3’UTR region was also found indel mutation g.15795–g.15802DelCTCCCTCC which was polymorphic in bali cattle and PO, Belgian Blue, and Limousine, however monomorphic in Wagyu. The polymorphism of g.232 G>T SNP in 5’UTR was associated with body weight at 730 days, however in 3’UTR region were not associated with growth traits in bali cattle. The g.232 G>T SNP in 5'UTR in bali cattle was associated (P <00.5) with marbling score and intramuscular fat percentage. The 3’UTR of g.15525 G>A SNP was associated with back fat thickness. These results further suggest that CAPN1 is a strong candidate gene influencing body weight at 730 days , marbling score, and intramuscular fat percentage in bali cattle., Sapi bali (Bos javanicus) merupakan salah satu ternak asli hasil domestikasi banteng (Bibos banteng). Sapi bali berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai penghasil daging sapi premium. Salah satu gen yang berperan penting dalam kualitas daging adalah gen calpains (CAPN). Calpains diklasifikasikan sebagai protease sistein intraseluler yang diaktivasi oleh Ca2+, termasuk μ-calpain (CAPN1) dan m-calpain (CAPN2). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis keragaman daerah 5’ dan 3’UTR gen CAPN1 pada sapi pedaging dan asosiasinya dengan sifat pertumbuhan, kualitas daging khususnya pada sapi bali menggunakan citra ultrasonografi.
Keyword: bali cattle, CAPN1 gene, growth traits, meat quality, SNP