Judul: BREEDING OF HYBRID RICE RESISTANT TO BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT AND GOOD GRAIN
Abstrak: Breeding new rice variety does not always give adequate results, therefore it is necessary to develop methods for rice varieties breeding. Hybrid rice is an alternative to increase the productivity of irrigated rice in Indonesia. The new hybrid rice varieties are expected to have high yield potential, resistant to bacterial leaf blight, and have good rice quality. The use of other cytoplasmic CMS types (Gambiaca and Kalinga) aimed to anticipate genetic vulnerability and to increase the diversity of hybrid rice in Indonesia. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the effect of female parents with different cytoplasmic sources on hybrid seed yield, (2) to select the parental lines of hybrid rice that had good combining ability and heterosis value, (3) to obtain information on the parents and hybrid rice which had BLB resistance and good grain quality, (4) to obtain hybrid rice with high yield, resistant to bacterial leaf blight and good grain quality. The research stages of hybrid rice breeding from three different cytoplasmic sources and had bacterial leaf blight resistant were: (1) Hybrid rice seed production for research materials and to evaluate the ability of seed production for each combination of hybrid rice. This experiment was carried out by crossing CMS parental with restorers to obtain F1 seeds. In the second experiment, there were two activities (2a) combining ability and heterosis value of hybrid rice, (2b) grain and rice quality evaluation. The third experiment was (3) the evaluation of hybrid rice for resistance to bacterial leaf blight. The research was conducted at the Indonesia Center fo Rice Research (ICRR), and in farmer field in Karawang, West Java from March 2021 to March 2022. The first stage is hybrid rice seed production of three cytoplasmic CMS types with 10 restorers to determine F1 seeds production ability which had a good hybrid rice combination. The highest hybrid rice seed yield was obtained from a combination of hybrid rice from female parents GMJ15A, and male parents PK90. The average F1 seed yield of female parental of the Gambiaca type GMJ15A line (1.03 ton ha-1 ) was equivalent to the WA type GMJ12A line (0.85 ton ha-1 ) and was significantly higher than the Kalinga type GMJ14A line (0.51 ton ha-1 ). The male parent (restorer) with the highest average seed yield was PK90 (1.36 ton ha-1 ). The number of grain contents per panicle and the outcrossing rate were positively correlated with the yield of hybrid rice seeds produced. The second experiment was a line x tester to study on the effect of female parents (CMS) and restorers to obtain new hybrid rice combinations with different cytoplasm. The objective of the study was to select the parental lines of hybrid rice that had good combining ability, heterosis and to obtain information on the parents and hybrid rice with high yields. The combined analysis of variance showed a significant effect between locations and hybrid rice on yield components. Results showed that the line parent GMJ14A, testers CRS1301 and CRS1310 had the best general combining ability (GCA). The combination of hybrid rice GMJ12A/R3,
Keyword: bacterial leaf blight resistance, CMS, combaining ability, grain quality and rice quality, heterosis, hybrid rice, restorer