Judul: Kajian strategi pengelolaan sumberdaya laut oleh masyarakat adat dalam kawasan Taman Nasional Wakatobi:
Abstrak: This thesis described how to adapt formal management system of Wakatobi National Park (WNP)) and traditional system as a strategy for conservation of the national park to achieve biodiversity conservation and community welfare. The main objective of this research was to formulate strategies of indigenous marine resources management that were compatible with WNP management regulations. The subject of the research were four indigenous groups in Wakatobi Island, namely Liya, Mandati, Wanci and Kapota. The research was conducted from October 2008 until August 2009 comprised of the following stages: (1) Preparation: designing systematic research, collecting references, field observations , preparation of equipments and development of research groups; (2) Implementation using survey method and Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) where data were collected through interviews, focus group discussion (FGD), observation and workshops; and (3) Consultations with lecturers and data verification. Results of the study suggested that under the traditional system, Wakatobi’s marine resources were considered as common property which formally belong to sara kadie, with decentralized authority from the sultanate sara system to manage and utilize marine resources. Regulation of the resources were conducted according to spatial divisions, including utilization area, protection area based on sara authority or sacred sites. There were also limited utilization area through fishing gear restrictions and utilization permits from sara. Fishing gears management consisted of fishing gears that could be used only by local fishermen and fishing gears applied to non-local fishermen. These were intended to protect the local fishermen with limited equipments from unfair competitions and spatial conflict. Sara kadie could provide entitlement to community groups or individuals for the use of katond and ompo fishing gears. While under the formal system, i.e, zonation, the customary territories of Liya, Mandati, Wanci and Kapota kadies were declared as ZPL (Local Utilization Zone), meaning could only be exploited by local people, 1.7% of the coral in the customary teritory was declared as ZPr (Tourism Zone) and 1.2% as ZPB (Marine Protected Zone). Differences encountered between the two systems were found on institutional aspect, authority and total area. Wakatobi National Park had legal authorities over the whole areas, while under traditional system, the authority of sara kadie was within much smaller jurisdiction area as big as a kadie. The Kaledupa Reef and Kapota were traditionally managed by huma system. Owners of huma had authority of po adati yi pasi (customs in atoll), determine regulations for fishing areas, permits, and use of fishing gears. All of these findings suggested the importance of collaboration management between the formal and traditional systems by adapting the principles of traditional management into the formal management principles of WNP. The form of collaboration developed should include jurisdiction area sharing, where the kadie indigenous territories should be managed by local institution and others by formal system. Location of huma which coincided with the ZPB of Kaledupa and ZPr of Kapota Reefs should be jointly managed under the huma and formal systems. Any management violations that were considered criminal such as destructive fishing, illegal exploitation and pollutions should be settled through the formal law system while civil disputes such as
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