Judul: Relationship between Growth, Cognitive Development, and Motor Development among Preschool Children in Bogor District.
Abstrak: Children growth is reflected by height for age index. According to Riskesdas (2010), stunting among under five children in Indonesia reached 35.7%. Specifically in West Java province, the prevalence of stunting in under five children reached 35.4% in 2007 and decreased to 33.7% in 2010. The number was still below the national stunting prevalence, but it was a high public health problem according to WHO reference because it was above 30%. Stunting in under five children causes variety of developmental disorders including cognitive (Walker et al. 2005) and motor (Paiva et al. 2012) disorders. Studies in Indonesia, which leads to growth and development aspects are still limited and the results are varied. The main objective of this study was to analyze relationship between growth, cognitive development, and motor development in preschool children. Specifically, it was aimed to : 1)analyze the characteristics of families and preschool children ; 2)analyze the knowledge and practice of nutrition, health and child care; 3)analyze the consumption pattern of preschool children ; 4)analyze growth (height for age) and development (cognitive and motor) of preschool children; 5)analyze the relationship between consumption patterns of children, child characteristics, family characteristics, development (cognitive and motor) and children‟s nutritional status (height for age); 6)analyze the relationship between family characteristics, mother‟s knowledge (nutrition, health , and child care), mother‟s practices (nutrition, health and child care), and children‟s nutrient adequacy level; 7)analyze the factors that influence growth (height for age) and development (cognitive and motor) of preschool children. This survey was conducted to 73 children aged 3-5 years in Cibanteng village, Bogor District, West Java. Sampling was carried out with inclusion criteria: 1)children age 3-5 years, 2); had complete parents and willing to join the survey, 3) data of weight and height at birth were available; 4) do not have congenital abnormalities. Exclusion criteria were: children were sick or under any medical treatments. Data collected included primary and secondary data. Primary data included family characteristics, knowledge and practice (nutrition, health and child care) child characteristics, child development (cognitive and motor), child growth (height for age), and consumption patterns of children. Secondary data included description of the study location and children characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 16 for Windows. Descriptive analysis described the distribution of the variable based on percent and average. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between: 1) family characteristics, child characteristics, consumption patterns of children, development (cognitive and motor) and height for age; 2) family characteristics and mother's knowledge (nutrition, health, and child care); 3) family characteristics and mother‟s knowledge practices (nutrition, health, and child care), 4) practice of mother (nutrition and health) and children‟s nutrient adequacy vii level. Factors that affect growth (TB/U) and development (cognitive and motor) of children were analized by linear multiple regression. This study showed that more than half of the children had normal characteristics. Families size mostly were small and they were poor. More than half children had family members that were active smokers. The average of father‟s education level was high school and worked as labor, while the mother was elementary
Keyword: cognitive development, growth, motor development, preschool