Judul: PRELIMINARY YIELD TRIAL of 35 RICE LINES (Oryza sativa L.) of F5 and F6 GENERATIONS as SHORT GENOTYPE for MULTICANOPY LINES
Abstrak: Sistem budidaya multikanopi merupakan teknik menanam padi yang mengombinasikan genotipe pendek dengan genotipe tinggi untuk ditanam secara berdekatan dalam satu lubang tanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi daya hasil dan keragaan galur padi sebagai genotipe pendek pada sistem multikanopi. Tiga puluh lima galur padi generasi F5 dan F6 dan dua varietas pembanding digunakan sebagai genotipe pendek, dengan galur IPB187-F-40-1-1 sebagai genotipe tinggi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan sejak Februari hingga Juli 2023 di Kebun Percobaan Sawah Baru, Bogor. Rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) dengan tiga ulangan digunakan dalam percobaan ini. Faktor genotipe berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap seluruh karakter genotipe pendek. Terdapat delapan galur dengan produktivitas lebih tinggi daripada kedua pembanding di lingkungan multikanopi. Pola tanam multikanopi mampu meningkatkan rata-rata produktivitas total varietas pembanding sebesar 22,28% dibandingkan monokultur. Karakter tinggi tanaman vegetatif (TTV), jumlah anakan produktif (JAP), jumlah gabah bernas per malai (JGBM), dan bobot seribu butir (BSB) digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi karena memiliki nilai pengaruh langsung yang besar terhadap produktivitas genotipe pendek. Karakter JAP dan JGBM diberi bobot lebih besar karena memiliki keragaman genetik yang lebih luas. Seleksi berdasarkan indeks seleksi terboboti dengan intensitas sebesar 20% menghasilkan delapan galur terbaik sebagai galur potensial. Galur potensial tersebut mencakup galur IPB201-F-15, IPB201-F-13, IPB204-E-11, IPB200-F-42, IPB200-F-30, IPB201-F-10, IPB200-F- 40, dan galur IPB200-F-32., The multi-canopy cropping system is a rice cultivation technique that combines short genotype with tall genotype to be planted closely on the same hill. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and agronomic performance of rice lines as a short genotype for the multi-canopy system. Thirty-five rice lines of F5 and F6 generation and two check varieties were used as short genotype, with IPB187-F-40- 1-1 as tall genotype. The experiment was conducted from February to July 2023 at the Sawah Baru experimental station at Babakan, Bogor; and was arranged in a randomized completed block design (RCBD) with three replications. The genotype's effect was highly significant for all traits related to the short genotype. In the multi-canopy system, eight lines exhibited higher productivity than both checks. The check varieties in the multi-canopy system achieved an average total yield of 22.28% higher than that of the monoculture. The vegetative plant height (VPH), number of productive tillers (NPT), number of filled grains per panicle (NFG), and thousand-grain weight (TGW) traits were employed as target selection because of their significant direct effects on the productivity of short genotypes. NPT and NFG were assigned higher weights because of their broader genetic diversity. Selection based on a weighted standardised selection index with an intensity of 20% yielded eight best-performing lines as promising lines. These promising lines included IPB201-F-15, IPB201-F-13, IPB204-E-11, IPB200-F-42, IPB200-F-30, IPB201-F-10, IPB200-F-40, and IPB200-F-32.
Keyword: cropping system, genetic parameter, path analysis, selection indices, yield advantage