Judul: Endophytic Bacteria Utilization to Increase Yield and Andrographolide Content on King of Bitter (Andrographis paniculata).
Abstrak: King of bitter (Andrographis paniculata) is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as antimalarial, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. The problems in its cultivation were low yield and andrographolide content since appropriate cultivation techniques have not been standardized and minimal research. One of the solutions was the application of endophytic bacteria and phosphate. Endophytic bacteria have roles as growth promoter and producer of secondary metabolites. They generate plant hormone such as auxin, gibberellins, and cytokinins, and also can supply nutrients such as Nitrogen fixation and Phophate solubilization. Phosphate acts as a constituent of macro molecules and compound storage; transferring energy; and regulating biochemical reactions. This research aimed to increase yield of king bitter plant both in quantity and quality. This study had general objective to find endophytic bacteria consortia and appropriate phosphate dosage to increase yield and andrographolide content of king of bitter. Specifically it aimed to: 1) obtain endophytic bacteria consortia at king of bitter indigenous from several agro-climatic conditions which can promote plant growth, 2) obtain potential endophytic bacteria consortia which can stimulate plant growth and increase yield and andrographolide content, 3) obtain the information of the association of endophytic bacteria consortia and phosphate on growth, yield and andrographolide content of king of bitter in the field, 4) obtain the information of association of endophytic bacteria consortia and phosphate in increasing the yield and content of andrographolide of king of bitter in nutrient solution media. This dissertation consisted of four experiments. The title of first experiment was “The exploration, isolation and selection of endophytic bacteria consortia from king bitter plant as plant growth promoter”. The activity in this study was to isolate endophytic bacteria from four locations which has different agro-climatic conditions viz. West Java (Bogor), Central Java (Blora), and East Java (Madiun and Pasuruan). The results showed there were 24 endophytic bacteria consortia from roots, stems, and leaves. Media used for isolation were 5% and 20% Trytone Soya Agar (TSA). The consortia isolated from root tissue (105-106 CFU ml-l) had higher population than from leaves and stems (103-105 CFU ml-l). All the 24 consortia were potential as plant growth promoter. However, only four consortia (5MD, 20BB, 20BD, and 20CD) had better effect on plant growth than others, so chosen and tested for further research. The title of the second experiment was “The potency of endophytic bacteria consortia to promote growth and andrographolide content on king bitter plant”. Four selected endophytic bacteria and one bacteria isolated from Graminae leaves, were tested in the greenhouse. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD), 6 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments consisted of: control, 5MD, 20BB, 20BD, 20CD consortia, and isolate 90AA. The results revealed that the consortia were able to enhance plant height, number of primary branches, shoot dry weight and andrographolide content at 14 weeks after planting (WAP). Shoot dry weight increased 25-82.81%, as well as N, P, and K uptake. The highest increasing of shoot dry weight and andrographolide yield was indicated by 20CD. Andrographolide content of 20CD, 20BB and 20BD treatments were significantly higher than control. The
Keyword: Andrographolide, endophytic bacteria consortia, recommendation, king of bitter