Judul: Flower Harvesting and Essential Oil Quality of Two Accessions of Cananga (Cananga odorata) in The Two Harvest Seasons.
Abstrak: Bunga kenanga merupakan salah satu bunga yang telah dikenal diberbagai wilayah di Indonesia dan mempunyai arti penting tidak saja sebagai bahan baku minyak atsiri namun juga pada berbagai penggunaan segar lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan potensi produksi dan kualitas minyak atsiri dua aksesi kenanga pada dua musim tanam serta mendapatkan potensi produksi dan minyak atsiri pada stadia pertumbuhan yang terbaik. Kedua jenis bunga kenanga ditanam di kebun percobaan IPB Cikabayan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter bagian daun, bunga, fenologi pembungaan, pertumbuhan vegetatif, produksi serta minyak atsiri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aksesi Kediri memiliki tangkai daun berwarna merah kecoklatan, cabang berwarna merah kecoklatan dan batang berwarna coklat tua; sedangkan aksesi Cipanas memiliki tangkai daun dan cabang berwarna hijau dan batang berwarna coklat muda. Bunga kenanga Aksesi Kediri memiliki ukuran lebih besar dengan jumlah petal yang lebih banyak dibandingkan aksesi Cipanas. Fenologi pembungaan aksesi Kediri dimulai dari munculnya kuncup bunga hingga fase akhir selama 35 hari, sedangkan aksesi Cipanas selama 25 hari. Produksi bobot bunga aksesi Kediri memiliki nilai tertinggi dibandingkan aksesi Cipanas di kedua musim panen. Rendemen minyak atsiri tertinggi aksesi Cipanas pada stadia 50% berbunga penuh sebesar 0,92%, dan menurun hingga pembungaan akhir. Aksesi kediri memghasilkan rendemen minyak tertinggi pada akhir waktu panen mencapai 0.63%. kandungan senyawa tertinggi aksesi Kediri adalah all-trans-Farnesol aceate 14,24%, β-Copaene 12.23% dan Caryophyllene 15.92%. Sedangkan pada aksesi Cipanas adalah linalool 18.74% and Caryophyllene 16.00%., The cananga flower is a flower that is well known in various regions in Indonesia and has importance not only as a raw material for essential oils but also for various other fresh uses. This research aims to obtain the production potential and quality of essential oils of two cananga accessions in two growing seasons and to obtain the production potential and essential oils at the best growth stage. Both types of cananga flowers were planted in the IPB Cikabayan experimental garden. Observations were made on the characteristics of leaves, flowers, flowering phenology, vegetative growth, production and essential oils. The research results showed that the Kediri Accession had brownish red leaf petioles, brownish red branches and dark brown stems; while the Cipanas accession has green leaf stalks and branches and light brown stems. The Kediri accession cananga flower has a larger size with a greater number of petals than the Cipanas accession. The flowering phenology of the Kediri accession starts from the emergence of flower buds until the final phase takes 35 days, while the Cipanas accession lasts 25 days. The flower weight production of the Kediri accession had the highest value compared to the Cipanas accession in both harvest seasons. The highest essential oil yield of the Cipanas accession was at the 50% full flowering stage of 0.92%, and decreased until final flowering. The Kediri accession produced the highest oil yield at the end of the flowering phase, reaching 0.63%. The highest compound content of the Kediri accession was all-trans-Farnesol aceate 14.24%, β-Copaene 12.23% and Caryophyllene 15.92%. Meanwhile, in the Cipanas accession, it was linalool 18.74% and Caryophyllene 16.00%.
Keyword: fenologi pembungaan, linalool, morfologi kenanga, produksi bunga, profil minyak