Judul: The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Petrophilic Bacteria for Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil
Abstrak: Ragam kondisi hutan primer dan hutan bekas tebangan menunjukkan adanya perbedaaan struktur, komposisi jenis, nilai potensi, tingkat mortalitas, alih tumbuh (ingrowth) dan pertumbuhan tegakan. Perkembangan pemodelan dinamika hutan dalam berbagai studi kuantitatif sering mengalami hambatan heterogenitas dan kompleksitas terhadap hutan itu sendiri (keragaman karakteristik tegakan dan variasi kondisi) dan keterbatasan atau ketiadaan data yang bersifat jangka panjang. Penelitian ini mencakup dimensi kuantitatif tegakan yang meliputi dimensi statis (nilai kuantitatif pada suatu waktu), dimensi dinamis (nilai kuantitatif yang mendeskripsikan fungsi waktu) dan dimesnsi spasial (nilai kuantitatif sebaran tutupan hutan) pada variasi kondisi tegakan di areal hutan alam produksi berdasarkan runtun waktu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan metode untuk mengukur tingkat keterpulihan hutan Dipterocarpacea campuran setelahpenebangan menuju bentuk hutan alam primer yang tumbuh di tempat itu. Penelitian dilaksanakan si stasiun penelitian hutan Labanan yang terletak di Kabupaten Berau Propinsi Kalimantan Timur pada bukan Oktober 2012- April 2013. Desain plot penelitian berupa plot permanen yang dibangun pada tahun 1990, dengan ukuran plot 200 m x 200 m (4 ha) yang terbagi dalam 4 subplot dengan ukuran 100 m x 100 m (1 ha). Masing-masing subplot dibuat sub-plot berukuran 20 m x 72 m sebanyak 25 buah dengan 7 variasi kondisi hutan alam dengan total luas 72 ha. Pengukuran dimensi tegakan dan validasi data dilaksanakan secara periodik setiap dua tahun. Risalah perlakuan berupa variasi teknik penebangan (penebangan ramah lingkungan dengan limit diameter 50 cm/RIL 50, RIL 60 dan penebangan konvensional) dan variasi teknik pembebasan (sistematis dan berbasis pohon binaan), Activities of petroleum production such as drilling, production, and am.sportation of petroleum products have caused negative impacts, ie land and wa er pollution either directly or indirectly. Petroleum hydrocarbon compounds · ave toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic characteristics, and have potential to ccumulate in the food chain and human fat tissue which can lead to eurotoxicity. The environmental stresses caused by the oil spill make the soil to ndergo physical, chemical, and biological changes. Oil seeping into the soil may ause oxygen supply stop, water supply required by plants was inhibited, impaired ·lant growth, and death of soil microorganisms. There are three methods that can e conducted as remediation of contaminated soil, which are physical, chemical, an biological approach. Physical and chemical methods are ways of handling petroleum contamination that take a relatively short time, but these methods are exgensive and can cause environmental damage. Biological handling is one of the alternatives in efforts to degrade the oil content in the environment. The biological way to restore the environment of contaminated environment using plants is known as phytoremediation. One of the successes of a plant species in the remediation of contaminated soil is due to the interaction among plants, soils and microbial rhizosphere. The mi(!:robial rhizosphere that interact in soil are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (A¥f) and petrophilic bacteria. AMF supplements their life cycle with host plants and obtain carbon supplies from the plants, while petrophilic bacteria use carbon from petroleum hydrocarbons as their food sources. Compost was usually added to i e soil to improve physical and chemical properties of the soil. The general objective of this study was
Keyword: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bioremediation, petrophilic bacteria, paspalum, site characterization, sorghum