Judul: Analysis of Morpho-physiology and Yield Components of Rice Variety Hawara Bunar and Its Mutants on Acidic Soil
Abstrak: Optimalisasi pertanian lahan masam perlu ditingkatkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan utama Indonesia. Namun, lahan masam memiliki tingkat kesuburan yang rendah dan kelarutan aluminium (Al) yang tinggi. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan di antaranya dengan mengembangkan tanaman padi toleran Al. Sifat toleransi padi terhadap sekaman Al dapat diketahui melalui respon morfofisiologi dan produktivitasnya pada kondisi cekaman Al. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan respon morfo-fisiologi dan komponen hasil dari padi varietas Hawara Bunar (HB), HB Mutan, dan HB Transgenik yang ditanam pada dua jenis tanah masam yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF) dengan 2 faktor, yaitu faktor genotipe padi dan jenis tanah masam. Peubah yang diamati yaitu karakter pertumbuhan, analisis fisiologi, dan komponen hasil tanaman padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan semua genotipe padi di tanah podsolik merah-kuning lebih baik dan memiliki komponen hasil yang lebih tinggi dibanding tanaman padi yang ditanam di tanah latosol untuk semua genotipe. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data pertumbuhan, fisiologi dan komponen hasil, padi Hawara Bunar bersifat toleran Al, sedangkan HB Mutan dan HB Transgenik bersifat sensitif Al. Padi Hawara Bunar memiliki habitus lebih tinggi dan jumlah daun serta anakan yang lebih banyak dibanding genotipe Mutan dan Transgenik. Analisis fisiologi menunjukkan bahwa padi Hawara Bunar memiliki kandungan klorofil yang tinggi dan tingkat peroksidasi lipid yang rendah. Karakter komponen hasil juga menunjukkan padi Hawara Bunar memiliki jumlah dan panjang malai, serta jumlah dan bobot gabah yang lebih tinggi dibanding HB Mutan dan HB Transgenik. Kata kunci: Cekaman Aluminium, Hawara Bunar, Mutan, Transgenik Silencing OsGERLP., Optimization of acid soil agriculture needs to be increased to meet rice selfsufficiency in Indonesia. However, acid soils have low fertility and high aluminum (Al) solubility. The development of Al-tolerant rice could be an effort to overcome the rice cultivation constrains in acid soil. The best characteristics for acid and Al tolerance rice are the morpho-physiological response and productivity under acid soil and Al stress conditions. The study aimed to compare the morpho-physiological responses and yield components of Hawara Bunar (HB) cultivar, HB Mutant, and HB Transgenic rice lines that were grown on two different types of acid soil. The study was conducted using a factorial randomized block design (RAKF) with two factors, namely three rice genotypes and two acid soil types. The observed variables were plant growth, physiological characters, and rice yield components. The result showed that the growth of all rice genotypes in yellow-red podzolic soils was better and had a higher yield component than that of rice plants grown on latosol soils. Rice c.v Hawara Bunar was Al-tolerant, while Mutant HB and Transgenic HB were Al-sensitive based on the analysis of growth, physiology and yield components data. Hawara Bunar has a higher habitus, more leaves and tillers, higher chlorophyll content, and lower lipid peroxidation than the mutant and transgenic genotypes. The yield component character also showed that Hawara Bunar had a higher number and length of panicles, and the number and weight of grain compared to Mutant HB and Transgenic HB. Keywords: aluminum, gene silencing, mutant, tolerance, transgenic.
Keyword: aluminum, gene silencing, mutant, tolerance, transgenic