Judul: Economic Impact and Carrying Capacity of Mount Papandayan Natural Tourism Park [TWA] during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Pemerintah melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 memberlakukan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) guna untuk mengurangi penyebaran virus Covid-19. Oleh karena itu, TWA Gunung Papandayan terpaksa ditutup sementara selama 3 bulan dari 27 Maret 2020 hingga 27 Juni 2020. Kebijakan ini memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap unit usaha dan tenaga kerja. Selain itu, kebijakan ini juga menyebabkan perubahan variabel pada perhitungan daya dukung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi dampak ekonomi, menganalisis strategi adaptif dan mengestimasi perubahan daya dukung. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis multiplier effect, analisis deskriptif dan analisis daya dukung. Hasil menunjukan nilai Keynesian Income Multiplier kurang dari satu, artinya dampak yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat lokal masih rendah baik sebelum pandemi maupun saat pandemi Covid- 19. Namun, pengeluaran wisatawan sudah berdampak dan berkontribusi dengan baik bagi pendapatan unit usaha dan tenaga kerja dikarenakan nilai Ratio Income Multiplier Type I dan Type II yang lebih besar dari pada satu baik itu sebelum maupun saat pandemi. TWA Gunung Papandayan menerapkan pengecekan suhu dan sertifikat vaksin atau hasil antigen, menjaga jarak dan menggunakan masker, menyediakan wastafel, tim medis dan ambulan, memasang baliho atau poster dan menerapkan kapasitas pengunjung sebagai strategi adaptif. Daya dukung mengalami Under Carrying Capacity (UCC), kecuali fasilitas parkir motor dan mobil pada perhitungan RCC dan ECC yang mengalami Over Carrying Capacity (OCC) baik sebelum maupun saat pandemi., The government through Government Regulation No. 21 of 2020 imposed Large- Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in order to reduce the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Therefore, the Gunung Papandayan TWA was forced to temporarily close for 3 months from 27 March 2020 to 27 June 2020. This policy had a significant impact on business units and the workforce. In addition, this policy also causes variable changes in the calculation of carrying capacity. This study aims to estimate the economic impact, analyze adaptive strategies and estimate changes in carrying capacity. The analytical method used is multiplier effect analysis, descriptive analysis and carrying capacity analysis. The results show that the Keynesian Income Multiplier value is less than one, meaning that the impact felt by local communities is still low both before the pandemic and during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, tourist spending has had an impact and contributed well to business unit and workforce income because the value of the Type I and Type II Multiplier Income Ratios was greater than one, both before and during the pandemic. TWA Gunung Papandayan applies temperature checks and vaccine certificates or antigen results, maintains distance and uses masks, provides sinks, medical teams and ambulances, installs billboards or posters and applies visitor capacity as an adaptive strategy. The carrying capacity experiences Under Carrying Capacity (UCC), except for motorcycle and car parking facilities in the RCC and ECC calculations which experience Over Carrying Capacity (OCC) both before and during the pandemic.
Keyword: Keynesian Income Multiplier, Multiplier Effect, OCC, Ratio Income Multiplier, UCC