Judul: Strawberry Crop Management by Farmers and Its Leaf Spot Disease Intensity in Tinggimoncong District Gowa Regency
Abstrak: Stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa) merupakan komoditas hortikultura bernilai ekonomi tinggi di Indonesia. Sulawesi Selatan sebagai penghasil terbesar kelima di Indonesia mengalami penurunan 50,25% produksi dari 2019 ke 2020 yaitu sebesar 400 dan 199 ton. Salah satu kendala produksi stroberi adalah gangguan organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT) termasuk penyakit tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengelolaan tanaman stroberi oleh petani dan intensitas penyakit bercak daun stroberi di sentra produksi Kecamatan Tinggimoncong, Kabupaten Gowa. Petani pelaku usahatani stroberi pada umumnya memiliki tingkat usia produktif 30-50 tahun dengan pengalaman bertani kurang dari 10 tahun. Stroberi varietas Rosalinda banyak ditanam baik secara monokultur maupun secara tumpang sari di lahan yang tidak terlalu luas dengan kepemilikan berkisar antara 200-1000 m2. Budidaya stroberi masih bersifat konvensional dan mengandalkan pupuk kimia dan pestisida sintetik. Penyakit bercak daun pada tanaman stroberi di Kecamatan Tinggimoncong disebabkan oleh cendawan Neopestalotiopsis sp.. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa insidensi penyakit bercak daun stroberi rata-rata 77.27% dengan tingkat severitas 15,90 – 35.22%. Tingkat serangan penyakit tertinggi terjadi pada lahan pengamatan dengan pola tanam tumpangsari 3 tanaman (A), sedangkan tingkat serangan penyakit terendah terjadi di lahan pengamatan tumpangsari 2 jenis tanaman (B). Perkembangan penyakit bercak daun pada tanaman stroberi diduga dipengaruhi faktor pola tanam dan kondisi cuaca (kelembapan dan suhu). Informasi mengenai dinamika perkembangan penyakit pada tanaman stroberi dapat diajukan sebagai acuan dalam pengambilan tindakan pengendalian oleh instansi dan pihak terkait di Kabupaten Gowa., Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is an horticultural commodity with high economic value in Indonesia. South Sulawesi as the fifth largest producer in Indonesia experienced a 50.25% decline in production from 2019 to 2020, which was 400 and 199 tons, respectively. One of the constraints to strawberry production is plant pest and disease problem, including fungal leaf spot disease. The objective is to study the management of strawberry plants by farmers and the intensity of strawberry leaf spot disease in the production center of Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency. Farmers who grow strawberry generally have a productive age of 30-50 years with less than 10 years of farming experience. Strawberries of the Rosalinda variety are widely grown both monocultures and intercropping on a small area of land with holdings ranging from 200-1000 m2. Strawberry cultivation is still conventional and relies on chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides. Leaf spot disease on strawberry plants in Tinggimoncong District was caused by the fungus Neopestalotiopsis sp.. The results showed that the incidence of strawberry leaf spot disease was on average 77.27% with a severity level of 15.90 – 35.22%. The highest rate of disease occurred in the observation area with an intercropping pattern of 3 plants (A), while the lowest disease attack rate occurred in the observation area with an intercropping of 2 types of plants (B). The development of leaf spot disease on strawberry plants is thought to be influenced by cropping patterns and weather conditions (humidity and temperature). Information regarding the dynamics of disease development in strawberry plants can be submitted as a reference in taking control measures by agencies and related parties in Gowa Regency.
Keyword: Insidensi, Severitas, Karakteristik petani, Pola tanam, Neopestalotiopsis sp.