Judul: Modification of Extender and Cryoprotective Agents on Semen Preservation for Artificial Insemination Program in Horse
Abstrak: A series of experiment had been conducted in several places i.e : local slaughter house of the district of Bantul Yogyakarta; Athena Stable, Cinere-Depok, Reproductive Rehabilitation Unit (URR), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB, Cavalery Stable of Parongpong-Lembang, Bandung and Artificial Insemination Centre of Ungaran, Central Java for two consecutive years, from 2004-2006. The objectives of this experiments were to study the artificial insemination program, including data base of anatomy and biometry of reproductive organ from Indonesian local horse, centrifugation technique and seminal plasma level, semen preservation and cryopreservation, synchronization of estrus and ovulation and insemination using liquid and frozen semen. The experiments consisted of five continous steps, accordingly. Results of the experiment I, indicated that the average weight and the thickness of the mare’s ovary was 22.9±8.2 g and 2.5±0.5 cm, respectively. The length of the oviduct was 22.7±1.2 cm, with the lenght and external diameter of uterine horns was 7.4±1.9 and 3.1±0.3 cm, respectively. The lenght and the diameter of the uterine body was 14.8±0.7 and 4.7±0.8 cm, respectively. The cervix was 8.0±1.0 cm long and 3.8±0.6 cm in diameter, while the lenght of the vagina was 23.5±3.4 cm. The length, circumference and thickness of the testis was 8.7±1.4; 12.5±2.4 and 3.8±0.9 cm, respectively. The testis volume and weight was 104.0±31.6 cm3 and 85.9±24.8 g, respectively. The length of epididymis was 10.6±1.5 cm. The lenght and the transversal section of bulbourethral glands was 5.0±1.4 and 2.9±1.5 cm with the prostate gland was 2.7±0.8 cm in long. The lenght and diameter of vesicular glands was 7.6±2.7 and 2.4±2.3 cm, respectively. The ampulla glands was 13.0±3.3 in long and 1.1±0.4 cm in diameter. The lenght and diameter of the penis was 48.8±4.5 and 3.4±0.5 cm, respectively and the length of glans penis was 5.5±1.7cm. In general the reproductive organs of the local horses were smaller size and weight if compared to the European type. The seminal plasma of stallion semen consists of high content of sodium chloride, which seems detrimental to the sperm preservation and cryopreservation. The seminal plasma should be removed by centrifugation technique to collect the rich sperm fraction only. The speed and duration of centrifugation affects the semen quality. In this experiment the semen were centrifuged at 2000 and 3000 rpm for 15 and 20 minutes. The level of seminal plasma content was investigates. Results of this experiment showed that the speed and duration of centrifugation had no effect on the quality of stallion liquid semen. The liquid semen consist of no seminal plasma showed 47.5% sperm motility and 61.0% of viable sperm which is significantly higher (P<0.05) compared of those with seminal plasma. It is concluded that the speed and duration of centrifugation had no effect on the semen quality while the removal of seminal plasma has beneficial for stallion sperm. The sperm metabolism during preservation at 5 oC decreased until 10% if compare to of those stored at room temperature. Sperm need carbohydrate such as glucose and fructose to support their live and motility. Semen stored at 5 oC caused chilling injury and affected there membrane plasma stability.
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