Judul: Sortation and Electrotherapy of Rice Seed Variety Inpari 42 that Detected to Contain Grain Rot and Leaf Blight Bacterial Pathogen
Abstrak: Burkholderia glumae penyebab penyakit busuk bulir bakteri dan Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae penyebab penyakit hawar daun bakteri merupakan patogen terbawa benih penting pada padi. Upaya pengendalian secara mekanik dan fisik pada benih merupakan alternatif yang perlu dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh sortasi sebagai perlakuan mekanik dan elektroterapi sebagai perlakuan fisik pada benih padi varietas Inpari 42 yang diperoleh dari lot benih lapangan terhadap viabilitas benih. Penelitian ini meliputi pengamatan penyakit dan pengambilan sampel benih padi di suatu lahan sawah milik petani di Kabupaten Bogor. Pengujian kesehatan benih, isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri serta perlakuan sortasi dan elektroterapi dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bakteriologi Tumbuhan, Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Berdasarkan karakterisasi morfologi dan uji biokimia, fisiologi, serta reaksi hipersensitivitas, bakteri yang diisolasi dari benih teridentifikasi sebagai B. glumae dan X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Berbagai waktu elektroterapi yang diaplikasikan pada benih yang disortasi menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata pada beberapa peubah respon dan menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik daripada kontrol pada hampir semua peubah respon. Sortasi benih memberikan perbaikan potensi hasil pada viabilitas benih. Benih tanpa sortasi dan sortasi benih tidak bergejala memberikan hasil yang lebih baik daripada benih gejala. Perlakuan sortasi benih dan elektroterapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah tanaman yang tumbuh. Namun, perlakuan elektroterapi dengan arus listrik 12 V, 1 A dalam larutan elektrolit NaCl 0,5 M pada durasi berbeda dan sortasi benih memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap panjang tajuk selama 5 MST., Burkholderia glumae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae which causes bacterial grain rot and leaf blight of rice, respectively, are important seed-borne pathogen in rice. Mechanical and physical control attempts on seeds are an alternative that needs to be studied. This study aims to find out the effects of sortation as mechanical treatment and electrotherapy as physical treatment on Inpari 42 rice seeds obtained from field seed lot on seed viability. The study included the observation of diseases and sampling of rice seeds in a field in the Bogor district. Seed health tests, isolation and identification of bacteria, sorting and electrotherapy treatments were carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Bacteriology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Based on morphological characterization and biochemical, physiological, and hypersensitivity tests, the obtained bacteria were indicated as B. glumae and X. oryzae pv. oryzae. The amount of time of electrotherapy applied to sorted seeds showed difference result on some response variables and showed better responses than controls on almost all response variables. Seed sorting provides potential improvements in seed viability. Seeds without sortation and symptomless seeds sub-lot sample showed better results than symptomatic seeds. Sortation of seed and electrotherapy treatments applying electric currents with 12 V, 1 A in 0,5 M NaCl electrolyte at different amount of time gave no significant effect on the number of growing crops. However, electrotherapy gave a better effect on shoot length for five weeks after planting.
Keyword: Arus listrik, Burkholderia glumae, patogen terbawa benih, viabilitas benih, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, electric current, seed-borne pathogen, seed viability