Judul: Determinants of Indonesian Fishery  Commodities and Products Export Rejection by The United States and The  European Union
Abstrak: Ikan dan produk perikanan Indonesia merupakan komoditas strategis berorientasi ekspor. Neraca perdagangannya menunjukkan tren yang positif pada periode 2012-2020. Berdasarkan nilai ekspor tahun 2016-2020, Amerika Serikat dan Uni Eropa termasuk lima besar negara tujuan utama ekspor hasil perikanan Indonesia. Peningkatan nilai ekspor Indonesia di negara tersebut selalu diiringi dengan kasus penolakan ekspor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan penolakan ekspor, menganalisis alasan penolakan ekspor, dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penolakan ekspor. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis Unit Rejection Rate, Relative Rejection Rate, Regresi Poisson (GLMM.ZINB), dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai URR dan RRR Indonesia di sepuluh negara mengalami penurunan dan hanya di Italia yang mengalami peningkatan. Penurunan nilai URR dan RRR menandakan adanya perbaikan compliance terhadap keamanan pangan di negara mitra, demikian sebaliknya. Share penolakan lebih tinggi dibandingkan share nilai ekspor di sebelas negara, artinya Indonesia masih perlu meningkatkan food safety dan kualitas kinerja ekspor. Tuna segar paling banyak ditolak di Amerika Serikat dan swordfish di Uni Eropa. Filthy (54,97%) menjadi penyebab penolakan tertinggi di Amerika Serikat dan mercury (54,41%) di Uni Eropa. Variabel jarak geografis berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penolakan ekspor perikanan Indonesia. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan jarak geografis, dapat melakukan perbaikan logistic performance., Indonesian fish and fishery products are export-oriented and strategic commodities. The trade balance showen a positive trend in the period 2012-2020. Based on the export value for 2016-2020, the United States and the European Union are among the top five main export destinations for Indonesian fishery products. The increase in the value of Indonesia's exports in these countries is always accompanied by cases of export refusal. This study aims to analyze the development of export refusal, analyze the reasons for export refusal, and analyze the factors that influence export refusal. The analytical methods used are Unit Rejection Rate, Relative Rejection Rate, Poisson Regression (GLMM.ZINB) analysis, and descriptive analysis. The results showed that Indonesia's URR and RRR values in ten countries decreased and only Italy experienced an increase. The decrease in URR and RRR values indicates an improvement in compliance with food safety in partner countries, and vice versa. The share of rejection is higher than the share of export value in eleven countries, meaning that Indonesia still needs to improve food safety and the quality of export performance. Fresh tuna is the most rejected in the United States and swordfish in the European Union. Filthy (54,97%) was the highest cause of rejection in the United States and mercury (54,41%) in the European Union. The geographical distance variable has a positive and significant effect on the rejection of Indonesian fishery exports. To overcome the problem of geographical distance, can improve logistics performance.
Keyword: Export Rejection, Fish and Fishery Products, Poisson Regression, Relative Rejection Rate, Unit Rejection Rate