Judul: Histopathology of Rat Liver Induced Subcutaneously by DMBA as Carcinogen and Treated with Nanoemulsion of Rodent Tuber Extract
Abstrak: Keladi tikus adalah tanaman herbal yang ekstraknya diketahui memiliki khasiat antitumor. Ekstrak keladi tikus dibuat dalam bentuk nanoemulsi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas antitumornya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek nanoemulsi pada hati tikus secara mikroskopis. Dua puluh lima ekor tikus yang sudah terinduksi tumor kulit oleh 7,12-dimetilbenz(a)antrasen dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok yaitu: kontrol negatif (Kneg); plasebo (Kplas) yang diberi pelarut nanoemulsi; K25 yang diberi nanoemulsi dosis 25 μg/kg bobot badan (BB); K50 yang diberi nanoemulsi dosis 50 μg/kg BB; dan K100 yang diberi nanoemulsi 100 μg/kg BB. Tikus disuntikkan pelarut dan nanoemulsi secara subkutan pada lokasi tumor tiga kali seminggu selama empat minggu, kemudian dieutanasia dan diambil organ hatinya. Organ hati dibuat preparat histopatologi dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin, dianalisis dengan pembesaran objektif 10x. Analisis histopatologi memperlihatkan perubahan kongesti, vakuolisasi sel, dan dilatasi. Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis dilanjutkan uji Dunn menunjukkan perbedaan nyata pada luas daerah kongesti (p < 0,05) antara perlakuan Kneg-K50, Kneg-K100, dan Kplas-K100, sedangkan luas vakuolisasi sel dan daerah dilatasi tidak berbeda nyata (p > 0,05). Luas daerah kongesti menunjukkan peningkatan pada K25–K100. Daerah dilatasi menunjukkan peningkatan rataan signifikan pada K100 dibandingkan Kneg–K50. Perubahan memiliki kecenderungan ditemukan di zona centrilobular yang tinggi aktivitas metabolisme xenobiotik. Diduga perubahan kongesti dan dilatasi disebabkan oleh akumulasi xenobiotik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nanoemulsi ekstrak keladi tikus dapat menyebabkan kongesti dan dilatasi ringan pada hati tikus; nanoemulsi ekstrak keladi tikus relatif tidak toksik pada sel hati tikus., Rodent tuber is an herbal plant known for its antitumor properties. Rodent tuber extract is formulated into nanoemulsion to enhance its effectiveness against tumours. This study aimed to microscopically analyse the effect of rodent tuber extract nanoemulsion on rat liver. Twenty-five rats induced with skin tumor by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene were divided into five groups: negative control (Kneg); placebo (Kplas); K25, which received 25 μg/kg body weight (BW) of nanoemulsion; K50, which received 50 μg/kg BW of nanoemulsion; and K100, which received 100 μg/kg BW of nanoemulsion. The rats were injected with solvent and nanoemulsion subcutaneously into the tumor three times a week for four weeks, euthanized, and the livers were collected. The liver tissues were prepared for histopathological examination using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and analyzed at 10x objective magnification to measure changes in congestion, cell vacuolization, and dilation. Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s test, showed a significant difference in congestion area (p < 0,05) between treatment Kneg-K50, Kneg-K100, and Kplas-K100, while cell vacuolization and dilation area did not show significant difference (p > 0,05). The congestion area increased in K25–K100. The dilation area showed a significant increase in K100 compared to Kneg–K50. Changes in this study tend to be found in the centrilobular zone, which has high activity for xenobiotic metabolism. It is suspected that the accumulation of xenobiotics caused congestion and dilation. The result of this study indicates that the nanoemulsion can cause mild congestion and dilation in rat liver; rodent tuber extract nanoemulsion is relatively non-toxic to hepatocytes.
Keyword: histopathology, liver, nanoparticle, rat, rodent tuber