Judul: Rectification of Myristicin from Terpeneless Fraction of Nutmeg Oil using Spinning Band Distillation as Antioxidant Ingredient of Cosmetic Preparation
Abstrak: Minyak pala fraksi terpeneless merupakan salah satu minyak atsiri yang mengandung senyawa aktif myristicin dengan potensi sebagai bahan baku kosmetik anti aging/antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemurnian dan rendemen myristicin melalui rektifikasi dengan variabel tekanan, suhu potong, dan rasio refluks, mendapatkan desain proses optimum untuk rektifikasi myristicin. Fraksinasi dilakukan dengan destilasi pita berputar dua tahap. Tahap pertama menentukan variabel proses tekanan (10 dan 15 mmHg), rasio refluks (3:1 dan 5:1), suhu potong fraksi (open cut 172 °C, close cut 300 °C; open cut 160 °C, close cut 300 °C). Tahap kedua menggunakan metode permukaan respon model desain komposit sentral dengan 13 formulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rektifikasi meningkatkan konsentrasi myristicin dari 51,25% menjadi 83,23% dengan desain proses yang baik, variabel tekanan, suhu potong, dan rasio refluks berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi myristicin dan rendemen, optimasi RSM belum mencapai titik optimum, namun menunjukkan potensi peningkatan konsentrasi senyawa dan rendemen, tekanan 20 mmHg dan rasio refluks 1:1 menghasilkan konsentrasi myristicin tertinggi 75,01% dan rendemen 62%, distilat fraksi terpeneless memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang cukup kuat (IC50 90,66 ppm). Peningkatan konsentrasi myristicin setelah rektifikasi meningkatkan kemampuannya sebagai antioksidan untuk menghambat dan mencegah proses oksidasi akibat radikal bebas dan molekul reaktif., Nutmeg oil terpeneless fraction is one of the essential oils that contains the active compound myristicin with potential as an anti-aging/antioxidant cosmetic raw material. This study aims to determine the purity and yield of myristicin through rectification with variable pressure, cutting temperature, and reflux ratio, obtaining the optimum process design for myristicin rectification. Fractionation was carried out by two-stage spinning band distillation. The first stage determined the process variables of pressure (10 and 15 mmHg), reflux ratio (3:1 and 5:1), fraction cut temperature (open cut 172 °C, close cut 300 °C; open cut 160 °C, close cut 300 °C). The second stage used response surface method central composite design model with 13 formulations. The results showed that rectification increased myristicin concentration from 51.25% to 83.23% with good process design, variable pressure, cutting temperature, and reflux ratio had an effect on myristicin concentration and yield, RSM optimization had not reached the optimum point, but showed the potential for increasing compound concentration and yield, pressure of 20 mmHg and reflux ratio of 1:1 produced the highest myristicin concentration of 75.01% and yield of 62%, terpeneless fraction distillate had strong antioxidant activity (IC50 90.66 ppm). The increase in myristicin concentration after rectification increases its ability as an antioxidant to inhibit and prevent oxidation processes due to free radicals and reactive molecules.
Keyword: Minyak Pala, Myristicin, Response Surface Methodology, Spinning Band Distillation, Terpeneless