arulpm/triplet_large huggingface dataset:
Judul: Biological Pest Control Strategies using Sterile Insect Technique and Natural Enemies
Abstrak: Indonesia adalah negara agraris sehingga pertanian memiliki peranan penting bagi Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, masalah yang berkaitan dengan pertanian seperti serangan hama selalu menjadi topik yang penting pula. Pestisida kimia banyak digunakan dalam pengendalian hama ini, namun pestisida kimia memiliki banyak dampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) dikembangkan untuk mengurangi penggunaan pestisida kimia. Teknik dalam PHT yang digunakan pada karya ilmiah ini, yaitu SIT (Sterile Insect Technique) dan musuh alami. Dalam karya ilmiah ini, dilakukan pemodelan kontrol optimum untuk mengoptimalkan kepadatan populasi tanaman menggunakan strategi pelepasan serangga hama steril dan penambahan musuh alami ke area lahan tanaman sebagai variabel kontrolnya. Prinsip maksimum Pontryagin digunakan dalam penentuan syarat perlu optimalitas dan metode Runge-Kutta orde 4 serta backward-forward sweep method digunakan untuk mengetahui solusi numeriknya., Indonesia is an agricultural country, so agriculture has an important role for Indonesia. Therefore, problems related to agriculture, such as pests, always be an important topic. Chemical pesticides are highly used in controlling these pests, however chemical pesticides have lots of negative impacts on the environment. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) was developed to reduce the use of these chemical pesticides. There are techniques of IPM that are used in this paper, i.e. sterile insect technique (SIT) and natural enemies. In this paper, the optimum control modelling was carried out to optimize the density of the plant population using the strategy of releasing sterile insect pests and adding natural enemies to the crops area as control variables. Pontryagin’s maximum principle is used in determining the requirements for optimality, fourth-order Runge Kutta method and backward-forward sweep method are used to determine the numerical solution.
Keyword: optimal control, fourth-order Runge Kutta method, natural enemies, Pontryagin’s maximum principle, sterile insect technique
Judul: Kuantifikasi dan Klasifikasi Karang Berdasarkan Kuat Hambur Balik Menggunakan Metode Akustik Single Beam
Abstrak: Hydroacoustic technology has been widely used to mapping and classify of the seabed, types of substrate and benthic biota. Several techniques of backscattering strength measurements using a single beam echosounder, as a CruzPro PcFF80 has been used to distinguish energy backscatter of bottom sediments such as sand, silt and clay. The objectives of this research are to quantify the value of surface backscattering strength (SS) and volume backscattering strength (SV) of several types of coral using single beam echosounder CruzPro PcFF80 and classify based on SV value of the first echo (E1) and second echo (E2). Collection of field data was conducted on May 2013, which located in the Seribu Islands. Recording of acoustic data done stationary, time for recording data is about 10 up to 15 minutes for each type of coral by using a frequency of 200 and 50 kHz. An underwater camera was used to validation of the acoustic recording data. The results of this research show frequency of 200 kHz to experience greater absorption in the water column and therefore does not send a lot of energy to the seabed so that the penetration is reduced, while the frequency of 50 kHz shows a small absorption, transmitting more energy into the seabed, causing the signal to penetrate deeper into the seabed and carry more information to the transducer. Average value of surface backscattering strength (SS) at 200 kHz varied between -17.99 dB up to -14.65 dB. The average value of E1 varied between -21.54 dB up to -18.24 dB, while E2 varied between -46.91 dB up to -32.78 dB. At 50 kHz, surface backscattering strength (SS) varied between -13.13 dB up to -8.41 dB. The average value of E1 varied between -16.68 dB up to -11.96 dB, while E2 varied between -32.92 dB up to -22.60 dB. Classification show there are three classes of category (soft-smooth, soft-rough and hard-rough). At 200 kHz, soft-smooth category consist of Acropora branching, soft-rough category consist of Coral massive, dead Coral massive, Coral mushroom, rubble, sand, and hard-rough category consist of Acropora tabulate. At 50 kHz, soft-smooth category consist of Acropora branching, soft-rough category consist of Coral massive, dead Coral massive, and hard-rough category consist of Acropora tabulate, Coral mushroom, rubble, sand. Overall, the results of this research indicate that SBES CruzPro PcFF80 can be used to distinguish of acoustic backscattering strength from several types of coral and sand.
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Judul: Kontribusi Adopsi Sarang Burung terhadap Karakteristik Ekologi dan Sosial Ekonomi Desa Jatimulyo Kabupaten Kulon Progo
Abstrak: The Bird's Nest Adoption Program (PAS) is an activity carried out to increase the value of the benefits of forest management and its sustainability. The development of this concept will be an excellent opportunity for environmental conservation and increasing the economic value of community-owned land from the non-timber sector. However, the community does not know how much its contribution is to the ecological and socio-economic aspects. This study aims to analyze the ecological characteristics of vegetation and birds, describe the contribution of PAS to the social community, calculate the economic contribution of the PAS community in Jatimulyo Village, and formulate a strategy for managing PAS by KTH Wanapaksi in a sustainable manner. The relative abundance and diversity of birds were measured using the encounter rate method. Habitat assessment through an inventory to obtain the type and diversity of vegetation. The social contribution was measured based on knowledge, perception, participation, and community behavior using a Likert scale and unpaired t-test. The method used to measure the economic contribution is to share and covering household income and expenditure. The PAS management strategy is formulated using a SWOT analysis involving expert respondents. The results showed that the PAS location had a higher number of bird species, namely 46 species, while at the non-PAS location, there were 40 species out of a total of 52 bird species in all locations. The brown-throated sunbird species at the study site had the highest relative abundance of birds (Anthreptes malacensis). The bird diversity index at the adoption location was 3.0146, while the non-PAS location was 2.9885. The community's knowledge, participation, and behavior from the presence of PAS showed significant differences between PAS and non-PAS locations even though the perception showed the same results. In the community's economic contribution, the community's share of income from PAS is 0.811 %, while covering the public expenditure is 1.058 %. Based on the SWOT method used, the results of the SWOT matrix calculation show that the most appropriate strategy is in quadrant I (0.89; 0.64). The quadrant states that the strategy used is S-O (strength opportunity). Strategy means that the existing opportunities are grabbed by using their strengths
Keyword: Bird nest adoption, Community, Contribution, Ecology, Strategy
Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Escherichia coli Strain EHEC pada Produk Susu Impor
Abstrak: A research was conducted to isolate and identify Escherichia coli bacteria in imported milk products. Although the products were reheated in a high temperature, milk products were prone to contamination during manufacturing and packaging process. Contamination in milk product can reduce milk quality and enable to endanger the health of consumer. The amount of 114 samples of Import milk products were tested in Laboratory of Bacteriology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Departement of Animal Disease and Veterinary Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University. A number of 3.51% samples were agglumerated skimed milk powder, butter 9.65%, cream 10.53%, deminal 6.14%, skim milk powder 28.07%, Whey powder 24.56%, youghurt 10.53%, and other skim milk product 7.02%.All samples tested showed negative result or it makes point that there is no pathogenic E. coli.
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Judul: Development of Pelagic Fishing Unit in South Bangka Regency
Abstrak: The fishery condition in South Bangka Regency still has some limitation, among others are the capacity and unattainability of fishing ships, low fishermen knowledge in the modern fishing technology, and capability of local fishermen to fish in a long period is limited, so that they tend to use fishing gear that only sufficient to use a long the shore.Another fact proved that in general fish resource utilization is still carried out using stationary fishing net i.e. bottom gillnet and hand line so that the fishery potency especially pelagic fish is not optimized. The objectives of the research are first to carried out a selection on fishing unit based on, biology, economy, and social aspects, secondly to look for optimum pelagic fishing allocation in the South Bangka Regency and third to determine the strategy for the development of pelagic fishery in South Bangka Regency. The methodology being used were survey and observation on the pelagic fishery condition at the research location. Data was obtained through direct interview with the pelagic fishery fishermen based on the fishings gears they used. Interviews were also carried out with the fishery stakeholders and collectors i.e. PPI Sadai and local fishery ageny officers. The dominant fishing gears used by the fishermen were line fishing, stationary life net, and gillnet. A new fishing gear that was the millenium net that was introduced by Andon fishermen from Indramayu Regency. Based on the financial criteria analysis the stationary life net has the bighest R/C value compared to other fishing gears. Therefore, it is expected that stationary life net will develop rapidly. However, looking into the investment criteria the stationary life net has low B/C value compared to boat life net. In this regard, both fishing gears could be considered to be developed in South Bangka Regency. The analysis of the four (4) aspects i.e. biology, technical, economy, social presented that in sequence the unit that has good prospect to be developed are millennium net boatlife net, line fishing, stationary life net, and gillnet. To have optimum utilization of existing pelagic fish resource a strategy was prepared based on the resource characteristic and local community. The first strategy is fish resource utilization using environment friendly fishing gear and second improved productivity and value added of pelagic fish. The formulated strategy could be taken as a reference by the South Bangka Regency Local Government to decide the policy and program in the development of the pelagic fish in this area using the fishing principle that are accountable and environment friendly, beside that the program should be able to overcome the problem arouse in the community to reach higher fishermen productivity and welfare.
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Judul: Hubungan Pelatihan Mutu Produksi Bagian Quality Inspection dengan Kinerja Karyawan (Studi Kasus Departemen Quality Control PT. Krama Yudha Ratu Motor, Jakarta)
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Menganalisis sistem pelatihan mutu produksi pada bagian QI PT. KRM, (2) Menganalisis persepsi karyawan mengenai sistem pelatihan mutu produksi serta efektivitas kinerja sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan pada PT. KRM dan (3) Menganalisis hubungan efektivitas antara sistem pelatihan mutu produksi dengan kinerja sesudah pelatihan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam analisis ini yaitu data primer berasal dari kuesioner serta wawancara dan data sekunder berasal dari hasil studi pustaka. Sedangkan metode analisis data menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon untuk melihat perbedaan pada kinerja sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan, uji Rank Spearman untuk menganalisis hubungan antara sistem pelatihan dengan kinerja sesudah pelatihan dan analisis persepsi dengan rataan skor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sistem pelatihan mutu produksi yaitu program, metode, fasilitas, kebutuhan pelatihan, waktu, dan manfaat pelatihan sudah dinilai baik. Instruktur dan materi masih dinilai kurang baik. Hasil uji beda Wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pada pengetahuan, keterampilan dan sikap sesudah pelatihan karena positive rank lebih besar dari ties. Hasil korelasi Spearman menunjukkan bahwa indikator pelatihan yang mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan yaitu manfaat, program, metode dan kebutuhan pelatihan. Indikator pelatihan yang mampu meningkatkan keterampilan yaitu manfaat, program, metode dan kebutuhan pelatihan. Indikator pelatihan yang mampu memperbaiki sikap yaitu program, manfaat dan metode pelatihan.
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Judul: Pengaruh hormon 17 alpha-metiltestosteron terhadap perubahan jenis kelamin ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio Linn.) berumur 5, 10, dan 15 hari
Abstrak: Percobaan dilakukan di kolam percobaan Babakan, Drama- ga, Fakultas Perikanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor selama 210 hari dari tanggal 30 Oktober 1992 sampai dengan 30 Mei 1993. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hormon 17a-MT dengan dosis 100 mg/kg makanan terhadap perubahan kelamin ikan mas berumur 5, 10 dan 15 hari hasil perkawinan biasa (PB) dan hasil ginogenesis (G-2N). Wadah yang digunakan adalah akuarium berukuran (25X25X25) cm³, (60X60X35) cm³ dan bak semen berukuran (100X100X50) cm³ untuk pembesaran. Perlakuan dalam percobaan ini adalah pemberian hormon lewat makanan buatan pada ikan-ikan uji dengan umur ikan pada awal perlakuan berbeda, yaitu perlakuan (A) umur 5 hari (B) umur 10 hari (C) umur 15 hari dan (D) kontrol. Makanan yang digunakan adalah makanan alami dan makanan buatan. Makanan alami terdiri dari artemia dan tubifeks sedangkan makanan buatan terdiri dari dua bagian yaitu makanan yang mengandung hormon untuk ikan uji perlakuan A, B dan C selama 40 hari serta makanan buatan yang tidak mengandung hormon untuk ikan kontrol dan makanan semua ikan pada waktu pembesaran. Makanan diberikan secara terus menerus hingga kenyang dengan frekuensi pemberian empat kali sehari. Pemberian dilakukan tiap harinya dengan per- bandingan tiga kali makanan berhormon dan sekali makanan tanpa hormon. Untuk ikan kontrol diberi makanan tanpa hor- mon dari mulai percobaan hingga akhir pembesaran dengan frekuensi pemberian yang sama yaitu empat kali sehari, pada pukul delapan pagi, dua belas siang, empat sore dan pukul lima sore. Untuk pukul lima sore semua perlakuan diberi makanan alami berupa artemia atau tubibeks dengan jumlah yang tidak berlebihan (sekedarnya), dengan maksud untuk melengkapi nilai gizi dari makanan buatan yang berupa pelet tersebut. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase kelangsungan hidup (SR), pertumbuhan dan jenis kelamin ikan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa secara deskriptif…dst
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Judul: Restocking model of kerapu macan (Epinephelus fusgoguttatus) in sea ranching sistem in Semak Daun shallow water, Kepulauan Seribu
Abstrak: The releasing in the ocean is known as sea ranching. In addition to improving the cultivation and improvement of economic levels of society, the main goal of sea farming is restocking. This study estimated the carrying capacity of the Semak Daun water for the KJA and sea ranching. Estimated carrying capacity of the KJA performed with a load close to the waste feed. Meanwhile, the carrying capacity for sea ranching is approached with primary productivity through the content of chlorophyll-a in the waters. This review based on the carrying capacity of the sewage effluent P found that the carrying capacity of water for KJA is 12.5 – 21.6 ton. Meanwhile, the carrying capacity for brown grouper fish in the sea ranching systems is between 0.70 – 1.06 tons / year with an average of 0.88 tons / year. Growth parameters of the brown grouper are K = 0.27 per year, L ∞ = 97.48 cm, and t0 = -0.44. The natural mortality M = 0.445 per year, and length-weight relationship: W = 0.008L3.16. Restocking model is based on three criteria: the optimal catch corresponding carrying capacity, optimal economic value of yield, and the ability to recover the stock. The study found out that the best alternative policy for sea ranching recruitment type is the A-8, which is 17 cm length seed, stocking density of 2000 fishes, with fishing mortality 0.4. The model produces optimal restocking yield 529.045 kg/year. On the other hand, the best alternative policy for sea ranching harvest type is 17 cm length seed with stocking density 4000 fishes.
Keyword: Kepulauan Seribu, Carrying capacity, Sea farming, Sea ranching, Restocking
Judul: Peningkatan Mutu Dan Penerapan Cara Produksi Pangan Yang Baik Pada Industri Rumah Tangga Pangan Minuman Jahe Merah Instan Di Desa Benteng, Ciampea, Bogor
Abstrak: Red ginger have been processed into several foods and beverages, such as instant beverage, ginger candy, ginger pickle, ginger coffee, etc. One of household industry that produces instant red ginger beverages is Jahe Gunung Leutik in Ciampea, Bogor. But, the household industry is still has not applying good manufacturing practices and it is still not has standard formula. Therefore, it is need a deep study to determine the standard formula and to apply manufacturing practices in order to get P-IRT certificate from health department. The methods that used in deciding the best formula are analysis of rehydration time, analysis of color, and hedonic test. The formula that used in the test was formula with ratio sugar and red ginger 1:2 (A), 1:1 (B), and 1:3 (C). After that, product from the best formula will be analyzed with proximate analysis in order to meet the requirement of P-IRT certificate’s submission. Moreover, feasibility analysis will be undertaken in this industry. The results showed that rehydration time in all three samples still include in instant beverages because its rapid rehydration time. Color analysis and hedonic test also showed no significant differences between the samples. Therefore, the formula with the ratio of 1:3 was chosen because it is the cheapest material usage. Moreover, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) that controlled several aspect on industry from purchasing raw materials, production processes, until product shipment has been created according to the obtained formula. The best formula obtained from this experiment is analyzed its chemical composition and the results of moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content and carbohydrate content are 1.16%, 1.17%, 0.08%, 0.46%, and 97.13% respectively. And after following several processed of certification, the household industry got the P-IRT number as follow 61232010110099. Feasibility analysis also undertaken by this household industry and the conclusion is this industry is feasible from the financial side.
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Judul: Pengaruh perlakuan pengemasan dan penyimpanan terhadap perubahan fisik, kimia, dan zat gizi buah pepaya (Carica papaya L.) cultivar bangkok
Abstrak: Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan pengemasan dan penyimpanan terhadap perubahan fisik dan zat gizi buah pepaya cultivar Bangkok. Adapun tujuan khususnya adalah (1) mengetahui lama pe- nyimpanan (dalam hari), perubahan fisik, dan zat gizi buah pepaya pada suhu kamar tanpa mengalami pengangkutan jarak jauh, sejak warna kulit buah hijau pekat sampai warna kulit buah kuning penuh; (2) mengetahui pengaruh pengemas- an dengan keranjang bambu disertai bahan pembantu (koran, guntingan kertas, dan spon) terhadap perubahan fisik dan zat gizi buah pepaya selama penyimpanan pada suhu kamar dan suhu dingin setelah mengalami pengangkutan jarak jauh. Bahan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah buah pepaya cultivar Bangkok yang diperoleh dari kebun petani di Desa Drigu, Kecamatan Poncokusumo, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Ti- mur, serta bahan-bahan kimia untuk keperluan analisis. Alat utama yang digunakan adalah keranjang bambu disertai tutup dengan lingkar bawah ± 100 cm, tinggi ± 40 cm, ling- kar atas ± 147 cm, bahan pembantu berupa koran, guntingan kertas, spon, dan alat-alat untuk keperluan analisis. Buah pepaya diangkut dari Malang ke Jakarta dengan menggunakan empat perlakuan pengemasan pada Indeks Kemasa- kan 2 (warna kulit hijau semburat kuning) yang merupakan tingkat kemasakan komersial untuk pengangkutan jarak jauh (Manan & Suhardi, 1985), Setibanya di Jakarta, buah pepaya disimpan pada suhu kamar dan suhu dingin. Setiap 5 hari dilakukan analisis fisik, zat gizi, dan organoleptik. Pengamatan terhadap perubahan warna kulit (Indeks Kemasakan) dilakukan secara visual menggunakan kriteria Prabawati, Sjaifullah, dan Amiarsi (1991), kerusakan buah dilakukan secara visual, kekerasan daging buah dengan hand penetrometer, kadar air dengan metode pemanasan langsung, total padatan terlarut dengan hand refraktometer, total asam dengan metode titrimetri, vitamin C dengan metode iodometri, dan organoleptik dengan metode uji kesukaan. Analisis data dilakukan secara statistik dan deskrip- tif. Data analisis zat gizi dan kekerasan daging buah di- analisis sidik ragam Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial dua kali ulangan dengan uji lanjut menggunakan Duncan Mul- tiple Range Test, data perubahan Indeks Kemasakan dianali- sis secara deskriptif, data kerusakan buah dan organolep- tik dianalisis dengan Friedman Test dan uji lanjut menggu- nakan Multiple Comparison Test.
Keyword: zat gizi, pepaya
Judul: Kadar Besi, Kalsium, dan Fosfor dalam Darah pada Tikus dengan Implan Tulang Berbahan Logam Besi Berpori
Abstrak: This study aimed to determine ferum (Fe), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) blood levels in rats after implantation using iron porous metal implants. A total of 60 Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 175 g were divided into 4 groups. The groups consisted of 15 rats each and were devided based on implant pore size 450μm, 580μm, 800μm and control group. Blood tests performed at day 0, 7, 14, and 30 after implantation showed the results of Fe, Ca, and P levels have increased and decreased at each observation time. Increased and decreased levels of Fe at day 7 and 14 were not significantly different (p>0,05), while at day 30 was significantly different (p<0,05) on all treatment groups. Increased levels of Ca at day 14 and a decreased at day 30 was significantly different. Increased and decreased levels of P at each observation day were significantly different on all treatment groups. Increased and decreased levels of Fe, Ca, and P that occur after implantation of the implants were influenced by the pore size and duration of implantation.
Keyword: porous, phosphorus, iron, implants, calcium, blood, biodegradation, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Judul: Pengawetan kayu Eucalyptus urophylla dan Eucalyptus platyphylla dengan cara vakum tekan menggunakan bahan pengawet CCA
Abstrak: Kebutuhan kayu dari tahun ke tahun terus meningkat baik untuk konstruksi maupun kebutuhan lainnya. Untuk itu pemanfaatan kayu harus diatur secara bijaksana dan seefisien mungkin, sehingga kemungkinan suplai bahan baku dan pemanfaatannya terus dapat dikembangkan. Kayu Eucalyptus platyphylla dan Eucalyptus urophylla yang berasal dari daerah Nusa Tenggara Timur adalah termasuk kayu kelas awet II - III (Anonymous, 1979). Eucalyptus platyphylla mempunyai sifat yang kurang baik yaitu seratnya terpadu dan bengkok-bengkok, sedangkan Eucalyptus urophylla mempunyai sifat pemesinan yang agak baik, mudah dikerjakan, dapat digergaji dan diketam dengan mudah. Oleh penduduk setempat kayu-kayu tersebut hanya digunakan sebagai kayu bakar. Dengan perlakuan pengawetan diharapkan dapat diperbaiki sifat keawetan alami kayu ini, sehingga penggunaannya dapat ditingkatkan.
Keyword: Eucalyptus platyphylla