Judul: The Influence of Social Support, Self Efficacy, and Financial Stress towords the Quality of Life among the Elderly of the City of Tidore Kepulauan
Abstrak: Every individual will experience aging as it is part of the human development phase. Individuals over 60 years old are categorised as elderly and are more likely to face various problems such as declining physical and psychological health, increased stress, and decreased income. In overcoming these challenges, elderly group need social support, self-efficacy, financial support, and a good quality of life. The general objective of this research is to determine social support, self efficacy, financial stress, and their influence on the quality of life of the elderly in Tidore Islands City. The specific objectives of this research are to: (1) differentiate the characteristics of social support, self-efficacy, financial stress, and quality of life for retired and non-retired elderly people. (2) analyse the relationship between the characteristics of the elderly, social support, self-efficacy, financial stress, and the quality of life of the elderly. (3) analyse the influence of social support, self efficacy, and financial stress on the quality of life of the elderly. This research useds a cross-sectional study design. Data collection wascarried out in Goto Village, Tidore District, and Tomalou Village, South Tidore District, in October–December 2022. The gathered data was acquired through interviews employing a structured questionnaire involving 200 participants who were aged 60 years and above. The respondents comprised 100 retired elderly and 100 non-retired elderly. The instrument used for the social support variable refers to the questionnaire developed by Ahmed-Mohamed et al. (2013), namely the Duke UNK-Functional Social Support Questionnaire (DUFSS). The instrument used to collect elderly self-efficacy data was the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES-12), developed by Bosscher and Smith (1998). Financial stress data was collected using the APR Financial Stress Scale research instrument developed by Heo et al. (2020). Measurement of the quality of life of the elderly uses research instruments on the quality of life of the elderly compiled by the World Health Organisation Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) (World Health Organisation 1998). This research uses descriptive analysis, including frequency, average, standard deviation, minimum value, and maximum value. Inferential analysisincludes the Pearson correlation test, the difference test, and the multiple linear regression test. The research results show that the average age of retired seniors is 68 years, and that of non-retirees is 69 years. The average length of education for retired elderly is 15 years (Bachelor degree), while non-retired elderly predominantly have elementary school education. Retired seniors have an average monthly income of IDR 4,380,100, while the average income of non-retired seniors is IDR 2,852,500. The majority of retired seniors (91%) receive high levels of social support from family, relatives, and friends. The self-efficacy of non-retired elderly (94%) in the high category is greater than that of retired elderly (92%) in the high category but is not significantly different. This means that retired and non-retired seniors have high self-confidence in facing the times elderly. All elderly people (100%) have a low financial stress index value or do not experience financial stress. The majority of retired elderly group (82%) are more likely to have high category of quality of life, while the non-retired elderly (55%) are in the low
Keyword: elderly, financial stress, self efficacy, social support, quality of life