Judul: Pengaruh Daya  Saing, Demokrasi dan Oligarki Terhadap Total Factor Productivity (TFP) di  ASEAN
Abstrak: Solow menjelaskan salah satu faktor penentu pertumbuhan ekonomi selain modal dan tenaga kerja adalah Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Dengan kondisi ekonomi dan politik yang favorable terutama di kawasan Asia Tenggara, TFP perlu dijaga dengan daya saing yang tinggi, sistem pemerintahan demokrasi yang baik dan fenomena oligarki yang terkendali. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kondisi dan pengaruh daya saing, demokrasi dan oligarki terhadap TFP di ASEAN. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci. Data sekunder berupa data panel dengan time series 2010-2019 dan cross-section 5 negara terpilih yaitu Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Thailand dan Singapura. Variabel TFP diukur dengan TFP Growth, daya saing menggunakan The Global Competitiveness Indeks, tingkat demokrasi menggunakan Democracy Index dan oligarki diukur dengan perhitungan Material Power Index. Hasil metode analisis kualitatif deskriptif menunjukkan perbedaan kondisi masing-masing negara dalam TFP, daya saing, demokrasi dan oligarki walaupun berada dalam kawasan yang sama. Sedangkan hasil metode analisis kuantitatif regresi data panel menunjukkan daya saing dan oligarki berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap TFP sedangkan demokrasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap TFP. Peningkatan TFP perlu diprakarsai oleh ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) dengan adanya survei inovasi dan pembuatan database R&D untuk mempromosikan dan bertukar temuan inovasi., Solow explained that one of the determining factors for economic growth other than capital and labor is the Total Factor Productivity (TFP). With favorable economic and political conditions, especially in the Southeast Asian region, TFP needs to be maintained with high competitiveness, an excellent democratic governance system and controlled oligarchic phenomena. This study aims to analyze the condition and effect of competitiveness, democracy, and oligarchy toward TFP in ASEAN. This study uses primary data sources and secondary data, primary data obtained through in-depth interviews with key informants. Secondary data is from panel data with a time series of 2010-2019 and a cross-section of five selected countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Singapore. The TFP variable was measured by Total Factor Productivity Growth, competitiveness using The Global Competitiveness Index, the level of democracy using the Democracy Index, and oligarchy measured by the Material Power Index. The results of the descriptive qualitative analysis method show the differences in the conditions of each country in the TFP, competitiveness, democracy and oligarchy even though they are in the same region. Meanwhile, the results of quantitative analysis of the regression of panel data show that competitiveness and oligarchy had a negative and significant effect on TFP while democracy has no significant effect on TFP. The improvement of TFP needs to be initiated by ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) with the existence of innovation surveys and the creation of R&D databases to promote and exchange innovation findings.
Keyword: total factor productivity, global competitiveness index, democracy index, material strength index