Judul: Dampak Theory of Planned Behavior terhadap Niat untuk Bergabung dalam Jaminan Sosial untuk Pekerja Informal: Pelajaran dari Indonesia dan Taiwan
Abstrak: The problem that is currently happening, especially in various developing countries, is the dominance of the number of informal workers in these countries and this number is growing from time to time. However, along with the increasing number of informal workers, protection for them from various social risks is still very limited. The majority of workers in the informal sector are often ignored by the social security system, and the existing social security programs only focus and target workers in the formal sector. Only 56% of Indonesia's 93 million eligible employees are covered by social security, while only 3.7% of informal workers are covered (LIPI, 2020). Due to the low social security participation for informal workers, especially in Indonesia, there needs to be analysis and research to increase the number of this participation. Currently, the social security system for informal workers in Indonesia is included in the Non-Wage Recipient (BPU) program. This program has several products, such as death insurance (mandatory), work accident insurance (mandatory), and old age insurance as a voluntary program. The contribution required in this system is still cheap, starting from Rp. 16.800 (for the two mandatory programs) and increases according to the workers' monthly income. According to the BPJS Law number 24 of 2011, social security in Indonesia is universal, meaning that everyone is required to follow the health program, and every worker, even informal workers, is required to follow the social security system for workers. However, in its implementation, due to inadequate law enforcement, it seems that this system is optional and voluntary. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research on the intention of informal workers to register for social security. The measurement of this intention is important to extend social security participation to informal workers because the voluntary participation and control of enrolling in social security is entirely within the control of each of these workers. In Taiwan, the nature is almost the same, participation is voluntary. Taiwan's social security law allows independent contractors, employers with fewer than five employees who are not union members, and self-employed persons who also employ others to voluntarily enroll in social security insurance. This is done because managing workers working in the informal economy is very difficult. The ability to calculate the contribution to be made is one of the biggest challenges because the income earned may fluctuate frequently. Despite these challenges, Taiwan has managed to provide all its workers with social security coverage. So Indonesia needs to learn a lot from this to expand the coverage of social security for informal workers. Then, the study aims to identify the driving forces behind informal workers' desire to enroll in social security programs. To find the factors, the Theory of Planned Behavior will serve as tools to unearth those. The purpose of this study is to determine which factors have the greatest effect on the intention to participate in the social security system for informal workers. This study also compares the results of this study with the policies that have been taken by Indonesia and Taiwan as a comparison country
Keyword: Informal Workers, Social Security, Theory of Planned Behavior, SEM-PLS