Judul: Physical Activity, Body Image, and Nutritional Status of Urban Adolescents
Abstrak: Adolescents is transitional period from children to adults. In this periode there has been some rapid changes in anatomy, physiology, and psychology. The changes lead to increase of the energy and nutritional needs, but energy and nutrient intake of adolescents less than recommended daily allowance which can overcome nutritional problems in adolescents. Adolescents nutritional problems is lack of attention. The current health and nutrition progarms, only focus on children under five age and pregnant women. Whereas adolescents are in fact also the window of opportunity to solve health and nutritional problems in the world. The aim of this study were: 1) to identify the characteristic of social economy, food consumption, physical activity level, body image, BMI for age, hemoglobin level, and blood pressure, 2) to analyze the correlation between body image and BMI for age, 3) to analyze the correlation between BMI for age and sufficiency level of energy and physical activity, 4) to analyze the correlation between sufficiency level of energy and nutrient, and hemoglobin level and determinant factor of hemoglobin level, 5) to analyze the correlation between blood pressure and BMI for age The cross sectional study was conducted to 213 adolescents. The data which was collected include identities, food consumption, physical activities, body image perception, body weight, body height, hemoglobin level, and blood pressure. The data collected by using structured questionnaire. Body weight, body height, hemoglobin, and blood pressure were measured using standard methods. All of the data were processed through descriptive and inferential analysis and were presented in tables. The descriptive analysis was used to describe the variables examinded. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine correlation coefficients between ratio variabels. Chi square analysis was used to determine correlation coefficients between nominal variabels. A Stepwise regression was to determine the determinant factor of hemoglobin level. A p-value < 0.05. The results showed that the urban adolescents had a very low level of physical activity (51.6%). Very low level of physical activity is the one cause of high prevalence of overweight (16.9%) and obese (6.1 %) in urban adolescents. There were positive correlation between overweight and obesity, and systolic blood pressure (r= 0.310; p= 0.000) and diastolic bolod pressure (r=0.168; p= 0.014). The most of adolescents have a negative body image perception (41.8%), mostly occuring in girl adolescents (53.6%). Energy, protein, vitamin C, and iron intake were less than recommended daily allowance. Low intake of iron cause of high prevalence of anemia (26.3%), due to impaired of hemoglobin synthesis. The determinant factor of hemoglobin level were sufficiency level of iron and sufficiency level of protein. This implies that nutrition education advocacy in formal school is important to improve their nutrition knowledge, including the importance of various of food consumption, vitamins and minerals, physical activity, and positive body image perception.
Keyword: body image, hemoglobin, nutritional status, physical activity level