Judul: Diversity of food and medicinal plants in Madapangga Tourism Park Bima District of West Nusa Tenggara Province
Abstrak: Madapangga Tourism Nature Park is one of the conservation area in Bima District that has a high plants resources. This study aims to identify the species diversity of food and medicine plants, utilization by people around the area and its development. Vegetation analysis was conducted to determine species diversity, species dominance, distribution patterns and community similarity. Interviews were conducted to determine the common species used and the level knowledge of people about the use of food and medicinal plants. Food plants are found 36 species from 20 families and 4 habitus consisting of 25 species of trees, 1 species of shrubs, 9 species of herbs and 1 species of liana. Anacardiaceae and Leguminosae were found with the highest number of species respectively 4 species, whereas Amaranthaceae, Myrtaceae and Rutaceae respectively 3 species. That food plants used as fruits (17 species), vegetables (15 species), fresh vegetables and spices (respectively 5 species), the source of carbohydrate (3 species). Part of the plants are used as food mostly fruits (25 species), leaves (18 species), seeds (4 species), flowers (3 species), bulbs and stems (respectively 2 species) and all parts of the plant (1 species). Medicinal plants are found 76 species from 40 families and 6 habitus consisting of 38 species of trees, 10 species of shrubs, 23 species of herbs, 3 species of lianas, respectively 1 species from epiphyte and parasite. Leguminosae were found with the highest number of species are 7 species; Euphorbiaceae are 6 species; Amaranthaceae, Anacardiaceae and Rutaceae respectively 4 species; Asteraceae, Moraceae, and Myrtaceae respectively 3 species. That medicinal plants are used to treat a variety of illness. Utilization of these species are categorized into 15 groups of diseases / usage. Part of the plants used are the leaves (48 species), bark (24 species), roots (19 species), fruits (17 species), flowers (8 species), beans (21 species), roots, bark fruit and tubers (respectively 2 species) and all parts (11 species). The highest richness and diversity of food and medicinal plants found in intensive utilization block. Margalef richness index food and medicinal plants in that block respectively 10.29 and 6.09, whereas Shannon-Wiener diversity index respectively 3.66 and 3.12. The lowest Margalef richness index of food and medicinal plants found in protection block respectively 4.97 and 2.77, whereas Shannon-Wiener diversity index respectively 2.66 and 2. Evenness value in the third block in the management tend to be higher with value each more than 0.7. Tree habitus of food plants dominated by Tamarindus indica, Ziziphus mauritiana, Shcleicera oleosa, Protium javanicum, Psidium guajava, Syzygium cumini, and Aleurites moluccana; whereas medicinal plants consist of Alstonia scholaris, Strychnos ligustrina, Alstonia spectabilis, Lagerstroemia speciosa and Jatropha curcas. Shrub and herb habitus dominated by Solanum indicum, Amaranthus spinosus, Portulaca oleracea, Ocimum sanctum and Lantana camara; whereas medicinal plants are dominated by Zingiber aromaticum, Achyranthes aspera, Justicia gendarussa, S.indicum and Amorphophallus variabilis. Liana habitus belonging food plants are found in the study site is Momordica charantia, whereas those belonging medicinal plants are Tinospora crispa and Piper retrofractum. Epiphyte and Parasite habitus are found respectively Asplenium nidus and Dendropthoe sp. Distribution pattern
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