Judul: IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION  TECHNOLOGY ON PRODUCTION AND MARKETING AT  THE AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
Abstrak: Digital technology such information and communication technology (ICT) is provided to be accessed for everyone, including smallholder farmers. The farmers can obtain the information and communication technology (ICT) for augmenting productivity and obtain higher price of the product. The household farmers have preferred cropping horticulture commodity through producing vegetable harvest to expectedly obtain additional income which might be increased further combining their agribusiness with ICT. However, there were only a few researches discussing commodity of horticulture in term of using ICT in term of vegetable commodity for increasing productivity in the farm, decrease input or production cost, and increase output price. The main objective was to construct an econometric model for smallholder farmers, focusing on how small farmers in Indonesia, particularly those involved in perishable goods production, can leverage digital agriculture using mobile or smartphones to enhance household income. To achieve this overarching goal, the specific objectives of the study were as follows (1) identifying the level of digital transformation in horticulture practice in Indonesia, (2) analysing the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on agricultural production, and (3) on agricultural marketing at the household level at the household level. This study is based on a survey and interview of the vegetable farmers using a structured questionnaire carried out in one village in every three districts in Indonesia, such as Cianjur, Sleman, and Malang in West Java, Yogyakarta, and East Java Province, respectively. The data are gathered from 375 selected respondents in their respective parts between November 2021 and March 2022. The econometric model called Multivariate Linier Regression (MLR) model was used to assess the heterogeneous factors affecting the likelihood of increasing household income of vegetable smallholder. This research followed the theory of ICT literacy adjusted with agricultural sector. The research found that the level of Agricultural ICT literacy in Indonesia was 2.44 of scale 4.00 indicating that the farmers have competency for using digital technology. This novel study shows that the five categories of use of information technology for farming and selling harvest positively impact household income, namely (1) farmers who do not use cell phones at all, either basic mobile phones or smartphones, (2) farmers who use basic cell phones (mobile phones or smartphones) for phone calls and SMS purposes, (3) farmers who use smartphones using the Whatsapp application, but do not use many applications, (4) farmers who use smartphones by utilizing various applications for social media, and (5) farmers v who use smartphones by utilizing various applications both for social media purposes or for other purposes broadly. The results of this research have explained the complex network of relationships in the chili agricultural sector in terms of productivity, costs, and chili prices. This finding adds to literacy related to transformative agriculture. This research has implications for achieving sustainable and economically viable vegetable commodity production for small farmers in Indonesia. Trade-offs related to increasing productivity and selling prices, as well as reducing production costs, are inevitable. Nevertheless, these trade-offs are integral to achieving the overarching goal of augmenting the household income of small scale farmers, which forms the central
Keyword: Smartphone, household income, digital  transformation., vegetable farmer, ICT literacy, digital transformation