Judul: The Impact of the Degree of Openness in the Manufacturing Sector on Economic Growth in ASEAN-6, China, and Brazil
Abstrak: Sektor manufaktur merupakan salah satu penggerak pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kinerja perdagangan di Indonesia. Akan tetapi, derajat keterbukaan manufaktur Indonesia masih tergolong rendah dibandingkan dengan negara lain serta terjadi penurunan keterbukaan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja derajat keterbukaan dan daya saing sektor manufaktur dan lima komoditas unggulan serta dampak derajat keterbukaan sektor manufaktur terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Analisis dilakukan pada delapan negara yaitu ASEAN-6, China, dan Brazil dengan periode tahun 2015-2019. Metode yang digunakan untuk menjawab tujuan pertama adalah analisis deskriptif, komparatif rasio derajat keterbukaan, dan RCA sedangkan untuk tujuan kedua menggunakan analisis regresi data panel statis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Vietnam merupakan negara dengan derajat keterbukaan sektor manufaktur tertinggi kemudian diikuti Singapura, Malaysia, Thailand, Filipina, China, Indonesia, dan Brazil. Dari sisi daya saing, sektor ini didominasi oleh negara Vietnam dan China. Meskipun demikian, Indonesia juga berdaya saing untuk pakaian jadi, alas kaki, benang tenun, kain tekstil, dan hasil-hasilnya serta kertas, kertas karton dan olahannya. Berdasarkan hasil estimasi regresi data panel diketahui bahwa derajat keterbukaan sektor manufaktur, tenaga kerja, inflasi, dan stabilitas politik secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi sedangkan Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di ASEAN-6, China, dan Brazil., The manufacturing sector is one of the drivers of economic growth and trade performance in Indonesia. However, the degree of openness of Indonesian manufacturing is still relatively low compared to other countries and there has been a decline in openness. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the performance of the degree of openness and competitiveness of the manufacturing sector and the five leading commodities and the impact of the degree of openness of the manufacturing sector on economic growth. The analysis was carried out on eight countries, namely ASEAN-6, China, and Brazil for the 2015-2019 period. The method used to answer the first objective is descriptive analysis, comparative degree of openness ratio, and RCA, while for the second objective, static panel data regression analysis is used. The results show that Vietnam is the country with the highest degree of openness in the manufacturing sector, followed by Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, China, Indonesia, and Brazil. In terms of competitiveness, this sector is dominated by Vietnam and China. However, Indonesia is also competitive for apparel, footwear, woven yarn, textile fabrics, and their products as well as paper, paperboard and their products. Based on the results of the panel data regression estimation, it is known that the degree of openness of the manufacturing sector, labor, inflation, and political stability significantly affect economic growth while Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has a negative and insignificant effect on economic growth in ASEAN-6, China, and Brazil.
Keyword: competitiveness, degree of openness of the manufacturing sector, economic growth, static panel data