Judul: Seed-Borne Pathogens and the Effects of Sorting and Electrotherapy on Soybean Viability
Abstrak: Kedelai merupakan komoditas pangan penting di Indonesia. Produksi kedelai cenderung menurun dari tahun 2017 hingga 2022. Produksi kedelai nasional belum mampu mencukupi kebutuhan dalam negeri sehingga pemerintah mengimpor kedelai sekitar 2,48 juta ton pada tahun 2021. Patogen terbawa benih menjadi penting karena merugikan secara kualitas dan kuantitas produksi tanaman kedelai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri dan cendawan terbawa benih kedelai dan mengetahui pengaruh elektroterapi terhadap viabilitas benih hasil sortasi. Metode meliputi isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri dan cendawan terbawa benih dengan metode pengenceran dan blotter test, pengujian Gram, uji reaksi hipersensitivitas, dan perlakuan elektroterapi untuk benih yang dibedakan dalam benih tanpa gejala, bergejala dan acak hasil sortasi. Isolat bakteri terbawa benih kedelai berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan fisiologinya teridentifikasi sebagai Xanthomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp., dan Ralstonia solanacearum. Sedangkan isolat cendawan teridentifikasi sebagai Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Trichoderma sp., Sclerotium rolfsii, dan Penicillium sp.. Elektroterapi terhadap benih kedelai dilakukan dengan tegangan 12 V DC dan arus 1 A pada konsentrasi NaCl 1 M dalam waktu 0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20 menit pada masing-masing sortasi benih memberikan pengaruh negatif viabilitas benih dan panjang tajuk tanaman. Dua penyakit ditemukan pada tanaman selama 11 MST dari benih kedelai hasil elektroterapi, yaitu bercak daun (Curvularia sp.), dan penyakit mosaik yang diduga Soybean mosaic virus, Soybean is an important food commodity in Indonesia. Soybean production has tended to decline from 2017 to 2022, unable to meet national demand. As a consequence, the government imported around 2.48 million tons of soybeans in 2021. Pathogens carried by seeds are important because they harm the quality and quantity of soybean production. This research aims to identify bacteria and fungi carried by soybean seeds and to determine the effect of electrotherapy on the viability of sorted seeds. The methods include isolating and identifying bacteria and fungi carried by seeds using dilution and blotter test, Gram testing, hypersensitivity reaction testing, and seed electrotherapy distinguished in symptomless, symptomatic, and randomly sorted seeds. Isolates of bacteria carried by soybean seeds based on morphological and physiological characteristics were identified as Xanthomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Ralstonia solanacearum. The identified fungi are Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Trichoderma sp., Sclerotium rolfsii, and Penicillium sp. Electrotherapy on soybean seeds was conducted at 12 V DC and 1 A with 1 M NaCl concentration for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes on each seed sorting showed negative effect on seed viability and plant shoot length. Two diseases were found in plants during the planting period over 11 weeks after planting are leaf spot (Curvularia sp.) and disease suspected to be caused by Soybean mosaic virus.
Keyword: kedelai, elektroterapi, patogen, Bacteria, electric current, fungi, physical/mechanical treatment, soybean production., Bacteria, electric current, fungi, physical/mechanical treatment, soybean production