Judul: Peningkatan kesehatan benih dan hasil padi dengan aplikasi coating benih menggunakan minyak atsiri
Abstrak: The aims of the research were (1) to determine the physiological and pathological quality of rice seed, (2) to obtain the most compatible coating formula with rice seed (3) to determine the effectiveness of seed coating against seed-borne pathogen and the effect of seed coating on seed viability and vigor during storage, (4) to determine the effect of seed coating on disease intensity, plant growth and yield, and quality of seed. The experiment was carried out in March 2012 in Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural University and Seed Health Laboratory BBPPMB-TPH. Two varieties of rice seed were used, cv. Ciherang was obtained from PT. Sang Hyang Seri and HIPA 8 was obtained from BB PADI. The research consisted of four experiments. Experiment I, evaluation of physiological and pathological quality of rice seed cv. Ciherang and HIPA 8. Physiological quality test conducted using between paper method, pathological quality test conducted using blotter test and liquid assay method. The results showed that seeds of cv. Ciherang had 95% vigor index, 98% germination, 20.7% normal seedling etmal-1 speed of germination, 0.15 g normal seedling dry weight, and seedling growth rate 6.31 mg/normal seedling. Seed of cv. HIPA 8 had 49% vigor index, 77.3% germination, 8.3% normal seedling etmal-1 speed of germination, 0.10 g normal seedling dry weight, and 6 mg/normal seedling seedling growth rate. The result of seed pathological quality test showed Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Drechslera sp., Curvularia sp., Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Erwinia sp. were found as seed-borne fungi and bacteria of rice seed cv. Ciherang. Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Curvularia sp., Cladosporium sp., X. oryzae pv. oryzae + X. campestris pv. oryzicola and Clavibacter sp. were found as seed-borne fungi and bacteria of rice seed cv. HIPA 8. Experiment II, evaluation of the effectiveness of binder material for rice seed coating using volatile oil. The objectives of this experiment were (a) to obtain the most compatible binder material and colorant (Ponceau 4R CI 16255) concentration with rice seed (Experiment IIa), and (b) to obtain the most compatible coating formula with rice seed (Experiment IIb). Experiment IIa consisted of three parts (1) test of arabic gum concentration 3%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% combined with colorant 0% and 0,1%; (2) test of carboxymethylcellulose concentration 1%, 3%, 5% combined with colorant 0% and 0,1%; (3) test of chitosan concentration 1%, 3%, 5% combined with colorant 0% and 0,1%. The experiment was done using factorial design with two factors and four replications. The results of experiment IIa showed that chitosan 1% and 3%; arabic gum 3%, 5% and 10%; CMC 1% were the most compatible binder concentrations with the rice seeds. Colorant material used was not toxic against rice seed. Experiment IIb was done using a completely randomized design with single factor and five replications. Factors of the experiment were coating formula consisting of binder materials with various concentrations according to the result of experiment IIa i.e. chitosan 1%, 3%; arabic gum 3%, 5%, 10%; and CMC 1% combined with three types of pesticides i.e. clove oil 1%, fragrant grass oil
Keyword: arabic gum, carboxymethylcellulose, chitosan, clove oil, fragrant grass oil, seed-borne bacteria, seed-borne fungi