Judul: Spatial Distribution of Benthic Communities in The Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park, DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, diketahui bahwa tutupan terumbu karang di Kepulauan Seribu mengalami degradasi akibat dari pengaruh non-antropogenik (perubahan ekologis, faktor alam) dan pengaruh antropogenik (kegiatan manusia) seperti pariwisata dan perikanan tangkap. Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu memiliki sistem zona pengelolaan perairan yang berfungsi melindungi ekosistem bahari yang ada di dalamnya seperti ekosistem terumbu karang. Terdapat empat zona perairan yaitu ada zona inti, zona perlindungan, zona pemanfaatan wisata, dan zona pemukiman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui sebaran komunitas bentik, sebaran lifeform karang keras, dan sebaran genus karang lunak serta persentase tutupannya berdasarkan zonasi di Perairan Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah Underwater Photo Transect dengan ukuran 58 cm x 44 cm. Berdasarkan pengamatan di empat zona perairan tersebut, diketahui bahwa kategori abiotic merupakan yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan enam kategori lainnya dengan total nilai tutupan berada pada rentang 40 - 50%. Kondisi tutupan karang keras hidup di perairan zona inti, zona pemanfaatan, dan zona pemukiman masuk ke dalam kategori cukup (25 - 49,9%). Adapun tutupan karang keras hidup di perairan zona perlindungan masuk ke dalam kategori buruk (0 - 24,9%). Sebaran genus karang lunak pada zona inti didominasi oleh genus Sarcophyton (0,28%), zona pemanfaatan oleh genus Gorgonian (0,13%), zona pemukiman oleh genus Gorgonian (1,04%), dan zona perlindungan oleh genus Nephthea (0,15%)., In the last few decades, it has been known that coral reef cover in the Kepulauan Seribu has been degraded as a result of non-anthropogenic influences (ecological changes, natural factors) and anthropogenic influences (human activities) such as tourism and capture fisheries. The Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park has a water management zone system that functions to protect the marine ecosystems in it such as coral reef ecosystems. There are four water zones, namely the core zone, protection zone, tourism utilization zone, and residential zone. This study aims to determine the distribution of benthic communities, distribution of hard coral lifeforms, and distribution of soft coral genera and their percentage of cover based on zoning in the waters of the Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park, DKI Jakarta. The method used is Underwater Photo Transect with a size of 58 cm x 44 cm. Based on observations in the four water zones, it is known that the abiotic category is the highest compared to the other six categories with a total cover value in the range of 40 - 50%. The condition of living hard coral cover in the waters of the core zone, utilization zone, and settlement zone was in the sufficient category (25 – 49,9%). As for the live hard coral cover in the waters of the protection zone, it is in the bad category (0 – 24,9%). The distribution of soft coral genera in the core zone is dominated by Sarcophyton (0,28%), the utilization zone by Gorgonian (0,13%), the settlement zone by Gorgonian (1,04%), and the protection zone by Nephthea (0,15%) .
Keyword: category, coral, cover, Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park, zone