Judul: Pest and Disease Attacks, Pesticide Application, and Rice Production in Pekalongan City, Central Java
Abstrak: Tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan tanaman pangan pokok di Indonesia. Tanaman padi pada umumnya tidak dapat berproduksi secara optimal karena berbagai kendala, seperti kesuburan lahan, praktik budidaya, dan serangan hama dan penyakit tanaman. Serangan hama dan penyakit tanaman dapat menyebabkan kerugian yang sangat tinggi. Strategi pengendalian yang sering dilakukan oleh petani salah satunya melalui aplikasi pestisida sintetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis hama dan penyakit penting, luas serangan hama dan penyakit, jenis dan aplikasi pestisida, serta produktivitas tanaman padi di Kota Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah. Data serangan hama dan penyakit, penggunaan pestisida, dan produktivitas padi diperoleh dari Dinas Pertanian Kota Pekalongan serta literatur elektronik. Hama dan penyakit penting yang menyerang tanaman padi di Kota Pekalongan antara lain penggerek batang padi, wereng batang cokelat, keong mas, burung, tikus, penyakit kerdil rumput, dan hawar daun bakteri. Berdasarkan luas serangan OPT, wereng batang cokelat merupakan hama yang dominan menyerang tanaman padi di Kota Pekalongan. Terdapat 11 bahan aktif pestisida yang digunakan oleh petani padi di Kota Pekalongan, yang sebagian besar merupakan jenis insektisida. Insektisida Abacel 18 EC yang berbahan aktif abamektin merupakan insektisida yang rata-rata volume penggunaannya tinggi. Curah hujan juga menjadi salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas padi, semakin tinggi curah hujan, maka produksi padi semakin menurun. Tiga jenis pupuk,yaitu phonska, urea, dan SP-36 dan padi varietas IR-42 banyak digunakan oleh petani padi di Kota Pekalongan., Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a primary food crop in Indonesia. Rice plants are generally unable to produce optimally due to various factors, such as soil fertility, cultivation pratices, weather, and plant pests and diseases. Pests and diseases could cause significant production losses and synthetic pesticide was one of the current prevention methods used by farmers. The aim of this study was reporting the main pests and diseases and their attacks, pesticides application, and the rice production in Pekalongan, Central Java. The data were obtained from Pekalongan Agricultural Office and some electronic references. There were seven main pests and diseases attacking the rice plants in Pekalongan, including rice stem borer, brown planthopper, birds, rats, golden snails, bacterial leaf blight, and grassy stunt virus disease. According to the area of pest attack, the brown planthopper was a dominant pest attacking rice plants. There were 11 pesticide active ingredients used by rice farmers, and most of which were insecticides. Abacel 18 EC (a.i abamectin) is an insecticide with a high average volume used. The rainfall was also become one of the factors affecting the rice productivity, the higher the rainfall, the lower the rice production. Three types of fertilizer, phonska, urea, and SP-36 are used by rice farmers in Pekalongan. Meanwhile, IR-42 was the commonly rice variety planted in Pekalongan.
Keyword: active ingredient, brown planthopper, rainfall