Judul: Transmisi Zoonosis Schistosomiasis Japonica pada Mamalia Domestik di Daerah Endemik Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah
Abstrak: Schistosomiasis japonica is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Schistosomiasis control in Indonesia exclusively concentrated on humans; therefore, it has not been successful. Studies in other endemic countries identified animals, especially cattle and buffalo, as the main contributors to schistosomiasis transmission in humans. Data on the role of domestic mammals in the transmission of schistosomiasis in Indonesia is urgently needed to support the target of Indonesia free of schistosomiasis 2025 as targeted in the Road Map for Eradication of Snail Fever (Schistosomiasis) 2018-2025. Until now, the role of domestic mammals in the transmission of schistosomiasis in Indonesia is not available. These data are needed for the preparation of a schistosomiasis control program in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the essential role of mammals in the transmission of schistosomiasis in endemic areas (Lindu and West Lore Sub-districts) by (1) measuring the prevalence of schistosomiasis in mammals using coprology and serology approaches and the degree of infection, (2) calculating the contamination index and the relative contribution of mammalian species who live in endemic areas in the transmission of schistosomiasis, and (3) analyzing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of animal owners regarding schistosomiasis and disease transmission. This study uses a cross-sectional survey design conducted in two sub-districts (Lindu and West Lore Sub-districts). The methods used to diagnose schistosomiasis in animals from fecal samples are the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory (DBL) and the miracidia hatching test. The study also measured infection intensity in animals by the DBL technique. An indirect hemagglutination test detected the appearance of antibodies to the soluble egg antigen S. japonicum in sera. Animal contamination index and relative transmission index were measured using previously published formulas. The researchers obtained secondary data from the Lengkeka Schistosomiasis Laboratory with permission from the Poso District Health Office. The data consisted of Kato-Katz examination of resident feces samples to determine the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis infection in humans in the West Lore Sub-district. This study also determined the involvement of people in the transmission of schistosomiasis in the form of research of knowledge, attitudes, and actions of animal owners in the West Lore Sub-district. A questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding schistosomiasis was given and filled out by 43 animal owners. The questionnaire used in this study recorded socio-demographic data of respondents. The data obtained were saved in Excel version 2013 format and were analyzed using SPSS Version 23.0. The results of this study were animal feces obtained from Lindu Sub-district amounted to 134 animals (13 cows, 26 buffaloes, 28 horses, 59 pigs, and eight dogs). In comparison, feces samples obtained from West Lore Sub-district were 209 animals (44 cows, seven buffaloes, two horses, 86 pigs, and 70 dogs). The prevalence of schistosomiasis in animals based on the DBL method in Lindu and West Lore sub-districts was 35.8% (48/134) and 45.46% (95/209), respectively. The prevalence in cattle, buffalo, horses, pigs, and dogs based on the DBL method in Lindu Sub-district was 61.5%, respectively; 42.3%; 25.0%; 35.6%; and 12.5%, while the prevalence of schistosomiasis in West Lore was 54.55%, respectively; 28.57%; 100.0%; 51.16%; and
Keyword: S. japonicum, animals, zoonoses, transmission