Judul: Formulation of Rhizobacteria Biofertilizer and The Effect of Application Timing on Growth of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Abstrak: Pupuk hayati rizobakteria merupakan alternatif ramah lingkungan untuk intensifikasi lahan pertanian. Pengaruh variasi aplikasi pupuk hayati rizobakteria diteliti terhadap tanaman cabai sebagai komoditas hortikultura prioritas di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasi pupuk hayati dan menganalisis pengaruh waktu aplikasinya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai. Isolat rizobakteria yang digunakan adalah Serratia marcescens KAHN 15.12, Bacillus thuringiensis SAHA 12.12, dan Burkholderia cepacia KDR 218. Prosedur penelitian meliputi karakterisasi isolat melalui pewarnaan gram, uji kualitatif kemampuan menambat nitrogen dan melarutkan fosfat oleh setiap isolat, uji antagonisme untuk mengetahui kompatibilitas antarisolat, formulasi pupuk hayati serta pengaruh waktu aplikasinya pada tanaman cabai merah besar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KAHN 15.12 dan KDR 218 mampu menambat nitrogen dan melarutkan fosfat, sedangkan SAHA 12.12 hanya mampu melarutkan fosfat. Ketiga isolat kompatibel terhadap satu sama lain untuk dijadikan konsorsium inokulan pupuk hayati. Bahan pembawa pupuk hayati terdiri atas talek, pepton, carboxymetil cellulose, sukrosa, dan ekstrak khamir. Kombinasi aplikasi pupuk hayati pada masa pembibitan dan pindah tanam signifikan meningkatkan populasi rizobakteria 3-11 kali lipat, meningkatkan pertumbuhan tajuk dan akar, memacu pembungaan 12-24 hari lebih awal serta meningkatkan jumlah buah 48-80% dibandingkan perlakuan tanpa aplikasi pupuk hayati, aplikasi pada masa pembibitan, dan aplikasi pada masa pindah tanam., Rhizobacteria biofertilizer is an environmentally friendly alternative for agriculture land intensification. Application variations effect of rhizobacteria biofertilizer is studied in chili pepper as a priority horticultural commodity in Indonesia. This study aims to formulate and analyze the effect of application timing of biofertilizer on growth of hot pepper. Rhizobacteria isolates used were Serratia marcescens KAHN 15.12, Bacillus thuringiensis SAHA 12.12, and Burkholderia cepacia KDR 218. Research procedure included isolates characterization through gram staining, qualitative test of nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization, antagonism test to determine compatibility between isolates, formulation of biofertilizer, and analysis the effect of application timing of biofertilizer on hot pepper. The results showed KAHN 15.12 and KDR 218 fix nitrogen and dissolve phosphate, while SAHA 12.12 only dissolves phosphate. The isolates were compatible to be used as a consortium in biofertilizer. Carrier materials for biofertilizer consist of talc, peptone, carboxymethyl cellulose, sucrose, and yeast extract. Combination of biofertilizer application during seeding and transplanting period significantly increased rhizobacteria population 3-11 times, increased growth of shoot and root, stimulated flowering stage 12-24 days earlier, and increased number of fruits 48-80% compared to plant without application of biofertilizer, application during the nursery period, and application during transplanting.
Keyword: cabai, konsorsium, pupuk hayati, rizobakteria, biofertilizer, consortium, hot pepper, rhizobacteria