Judul: Difusi inovasi telepon seluler di perdesaan (kasus desa Kemang Bojongpicung, kabupaten Cianjur, provinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: By referring to the diffusion of innovation theory, this study found that the adoption rates of mobile phone among the adopters in the two hamlets are low; it is about 28 per cent and 17 per cent for Beber and Cikupa hamlets respectively. Although the mobile phone exposure of Kemang Village community started about 15 years ago, the majority of people in Kemang Village adopted the mobile phone since the Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) of XL and Telkomsel were constructed in this village, in 2008 and 2010 respectively. The plot result of mobile phone adopter of the two hamlets was in S Curve shape. On the other hand, as not all the mobile phone adopters of the two hamlets were surveyed, the mobile phone adopters’ categories are not in normal distribution. It caused the plot of adopters categories is not in Bell-shaped curve. Therefore, the distribution of the mobile phone adopter categories did not support the theory of adopters’ category as stated by Rogers and Shoemaker (1971). However, this study supported another Rogers and Shoemaker’s generalization with regard to the fact that the individual characteristic of innovator category is higher than that of the other adopters’ categories. There are each four independent variables which significantly related to the rate of innovativeness as well as adoption rates at the significance level of 0.05. The independent variables which related to innovativeness rate were the level of relative advantage, the individual integration level, the formal educational level and the level of individual need toward the mobile phone innovation, while for the adoption rate were the level of observability, the interpersonal communication individual level, the meeting frequency, and the promotion of mobile phone agency/seller. There were five of nine mobile phone use patterns which developed dominantly by the adopters in the two hamlets, especially phone call/text messages to: the nucleus family (22,67 per cent) peer group and the combination of peer group and business partner, and distance relatives (each 17,33 per cent), only distance relatives (16 per cent), as well as phone call/text messages to business partner only, and the combination of nucleus family and peer group (each 9,33 percent). It seems that this mobile phone use patterns caused the irrational over adoption of mobile pone is dominant, especially for those who used the mobile phone only for consumptive activities.
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Judul: Keragaan Kelas Sosial Dalam Perilaku Adopsi Inovasi : Studi Kasus di Desa Mekarsari, Kecamatan Cipaku, Kabupaten Ciamis
Abstrak: Praktek lapang ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara status seseorang di dalam masyarakat dengan wawasan perilaku adopsi inovasi orang tersebut. Sebaliknya juga dilihat apakah pengadopsian inovasi akan mempertinggi status orang tersebut di dalam masyarakat. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dan pengamatan langsung di lapangan, dan data sekunder didapat dari data potensi desa. Analisis data lebih banyak menggunakan teknik analisa deskriptif. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara kelas sosial dengan wawasan perilaku adopsi inovasi masyarakat. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari lebih banyaknya persentase responden pada kelas atas yang menerapkan inovasi sepenuhnya dibandingkan dengan responden pada kelas di bawahnya. Pada program penterasan, persentase responden pada kelas atas yang menerapkan sepenuhnya adalah 100%, pada kelas menengah 80% responden menerapkan sepenuhnya dan 20% menerapkan sebagian, dan pada kelas bawah 70% responden menerapkan sepenuhnya, 20% menerapkan sebagian, dan 10% tidak menerapkan.
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Judul: Acute Toxicity Test of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) on Mice (Mus musculus).
Abstrak: Larva black soldier fly (BSF) spesies Hermetia illucens mengandung berbagai senyawa antimikrob yang berpotensi menjadi alternatif pengobatan infeksi saluran pernapasan akut oleh bakteri dan virus sekaligus mencegah resistansi antimikrob, namun laporan keamanannya masih belum diketahui secara luas. Uji toksisitas akut ekstrak etil asetat larva BSF bertujuan mengetahui kisaran nilai LD50 ekstrak etil asetat larva BSF dengan metode fixed dose procedure dari BPOM (2014). Pengujian dilakukan pada mencit ddY betina dewasa selama 14 hari dengan 2 tahap uji, yaitu uji pendahuluan pada 3 kelompok dosis (0, 300, dan 2000 mg/kg BB) yang masing-masing terdiri atas 1 ekor mencit, lalu dilanjutkan dengan uji utama pada 2 kelompok dosis (0 dan 2000 mg/kg BB) yang masing-masing terdiri atas 5 ekor mencit. Kisaran nilai LD50 pada penelitian ini diperoleh dari mortalitas dan gejala toksik yang muncul selama 14 hari pada semua mencit uji utama setelah pemberian oral tunggal. Parameter pendukung yang diamati adalah bobot badan, patologi anatomi organ, bobor absolut organ, dan bobot relatif organ mencit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada mortalitas dan gejala toksik pada semua mencit uji LD50. Ekstrak etil asetat larva BSF bersifat tidak toksik dengan nilai LD50>2000 mg/kg BB., Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae of Hermetia illucens species has various antimicrobial compounds that have the potential to be an alternative treatment for acute respiratory infections by bacteria and viruses while preventing antimicrobial resistance. However, the safety reports are still not widely known. The acute toxicity test of ethyl acetate extract of BSF larvae aimed to determine LD50 values of ethyl acetate extract of BSF larvae using the fixed-dose procedure method. The test was carried out on adult female ddY mice with 2 test stages, namely a preliminary test on three dose groups (0, 300, and 2000 mg/kg BW) each consisting of 1 mouse, then the main test on two dose groups (0 and 2000 mg/kg BW), each consisting of 5 mice. The LD50 value range in this study was obtained from mortality and toxic symptoms that appeared 14 days in all main test mice after a single oral administration. Supporting parameters observed were body weight, macropathology, and relative organ weight of mice. The results showed there was no mortality and no toxic sympthoms in all LD50 test mice. Ethyl acetate extract of BSF larvae was non-toxic with LD50 value was ≥2000 mg/kg.b.w.
Keyword: larva black soldier fly, mencit, toksisitas akut, black soldier fly larvae, mice, acute toxicity