Judul: Analisis Dampak Ekonomi dan Strategi Pengelolaan Wisata Goa Pawon di Kawasan Karst Citatah, Kecamatan Cipatat, Kabupaten Bandung Barat.
Abstrak: Tourism area of Pawon Cave is a new place of special interest tourism managed by the government district of West Bandung (KBB). Pawon Cave tourism activities have positive impact such as labor absorption and improving incomes for local communities. The economic impact is due to the economic transactions between local community and the tourists. The tourists have interest in the potential of natural beauty, history, and education. The potential of these resources need to be assessed economically because Pawon Cave have admission rates not yet, so it is open access and tend to be rated lower than the actual value. A management strategy is needed to develop a product and market ecotourism Pawon Cave. The purpose of research was to estimate the economic value of tourism area existence, to calculate the economic impact of tourism activities to the local economy, and to analyze the management strategies of Pawon Cave. Benefit’s tourism in Pawon Cave is assessed with Travel Cost Methods. Education level, number of dependents, and income’s respondents significantly influenced by frequency of visits. The tourism economic value of the existence Pawon Cave per year is Rp 102 604 000. Pawon Cave provide economic impact to the local economy directly, that analyzed with a multiplier effect, Keynesian Income Multiplier values obtained at 1.18. The economic impact is quite good although in small-scale indirectly and induced that characterized by the value of the Type I Income Multiplier Ratio is 1.30 , and the value of the Type II Income Multiplier Ratio is 1.51. The Management strategies can applied to the Pawon Cave with SWOT analysis, among others: (1) to continue the master plan as well as provide support for the development of the potential of the environment, (2) to improve of human resources , (3) to develop of facilities and infrastructure into appropriate , (4) to increase the distinctiveness of the tourist attractiveness of the tour , and (5) to conduct tourism promotion through various media.
Keyword: Travel Cost Method, SWOT, Pawon Cave, Multiplier Effect

Judul: Potensi dan Manajemen Bahaya Bagi Keselamatan Pengunjung di Gua Seplawan Purworejo Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Gua Seplawan sebagai wisata gua di Purworejo, memanfaatkan formasi eksokarst dan endokarst sebagai daya tarik utama; namun terdapat potensi bahaya yang signifikan bagi pengunjung dan pengelola. Perbedaan karakteristik bahaya antara eksokarst dan endokarst memerlukan manajemen risiko yang efektif untuk mengurangi atau menghindari dampak merugikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginventarisasi potensi bahaya dan merancang manajemen risiko wisata Gua Seplawan. Metode penelitian meliputi observasi lapangan, inventarisasi potensi bahaya, studi literatur, wawancara dengan pengelola dan pengunjung. Data dianalisis menggunakan modifikasi panduan UNEP 2008 dan NSPA 2008. Potensi bahaya fisik pada area eksokarst meliputi tangga licin dan ancaman tanah longsor, sementara tidak ditemukan bahaya biologis. Potensi bahaya fisik endokarst mencakup jalanan licin, tanah lumpur, risiko banjir, stalaktit rendah, lorong sempit, dan kondisi suhu serta kelembapan yang ekstrem; bahaya biologi endokarst yaitu kelelawar dan guano; bahaya antropogenik di kedua area adalah membawa beban berlebihan, berlari di tangga, memasuki gua ketika hujan, menginap di gua, tidak menggunakan perlengkapan gua yang sesuai, dan mendekati tepi jurang. Rekomendasi manajemen risiko yaitu edukasi ke pemandu dan pengunjung, penambahan tali pengaman pada jalur gua, serta pemasangan papan peringatan di area stalaktit rendah, lorong sempit, hunian kelelawar, dan berlumpur. Kata kunci: Endokarst, NSPA 2008, susur gua, UNEP 2008, wisata gu, Seplawan Cave is a cave tourism in Purworejo that leverages of exokarst and endokarst formations as its main attraction; however, there are significant potential hazards for both visitors and management. The differences in the characteristics of hazards between exokarst and endokarst require effective risk management to mitigate or avoid adverse impacts. This study aims to inventory potential hazards and design a risk management plan for Seplawan Cave tourism. The research methods include field observations, hazard inventory, literature review, and interviews with managers and visitors. Data is analyzed using modified guidelines from UNEP 2008 and NSPA 2008. Physical hazards in the exokarst area include slippery stairs and landslide threats, while no biological hazards are found. Physical hazards in the endokarst area include slippery pathways, muddy soil, flood risks, low-hanging stalactites, narrow passages, and extreme temperature and humidity conditions; biological hazards in the endokarst area include the presence of bats and guano; anthropogenic hazards in both areas include carrying excessive loads, running on stairs, entering the cave during rain, staying overnight in the cave, not using appropriate caving equipment, and approaching cliff edges. Risk management recommendations include educating guides and visitors, adding safety ropes on cave routes, and installing warning signs in low-hanging stalactites, narrow passages, bat habitats, and muddy areas. Keywords: Cave exploration, cave tourism, endokarst, NPSA 2008, UNEP 2008.
Keyword: NPSA 2008, UNEP 2008, endokarst, Cave exploration, cave tourism

Judul: Grup Abelian Berhingga dari Barisan Genomik DNA  (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Abstrak: Informasi genetik yang memprogram semua aktivitas sel terdapat dalam bentuk kode di dalam molekul DNA. Grup kodon dari basa nukleotida DNA {A, C, G, U} tidak dapat merepresentasikan daerah non kode dalam genom yang disebabkan oleh mutasi penghapusan serta penyisipan pada barisan genomik DNA. Dalam karya ilmiah ini grup kodon diperluas dengan menambahkan huruf O untuk menandakan mutasi penghapusan atau penyisipan pada kodon untuk semua triplet diperluas 1 2 3 X X X dengan i X Î{O, A, C, G, U} dari barisan genomik DNA. Grup kodon yang diperluas isomorfik dengan grup bilangan bulat modulo 125. Grup abelian berhingga dari barisan genomik DNA yang dibentuk dari himpunan seluruh pasangan terurut triplet ekson dan intron pada untai DNA isomorfik dengan grup jumlah langsung bilangan bulat modulo 64 dan 125. Kemudian grup abelian berhingga tersebut direpresentasikan sebagai grup jumlah langsung 2-grup dan 5-grup homosiklik. Bagian barisan genomik DNA tanpa penyisipan membangun blok gen yang direpresentasikan oleh 2-grup homosiklik, sedangkan bagian barisan genomik DNA yang dipengaruhi oleh penyisipan direpresentasikan oleh 5-grup homosiklik.
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