Judul: Quantitative Analysis of Salmonella in Broiler Chiken Skin Sold in Bogor
Abstrak: One of the most popular meat that can be found in Indonesia is chicken meat. Chicken meat contains a lot of nutrients for human growth but can be dangerous if it is not perfectly cooked. Salmonella can cause disease in the digestive system. Salmonella bacteria lives in the digestive tract of humans and animals and can spread through food, especially meat, eggs, and milk (foodborne disease). Salmonella is known as a zoonotic agent, which means the disease can be transmitted from animals to humans. The aim of this study is to obtain the number of Salmonella in the chicken skin that is sold in wet-markets, supermarkets, traditional and modern chicken slaughterhouse in Bogor. This study was conducted by sampling chicken carcass from each place then followed by isolation and quantitative analysis of Salmonella from the breast and back regions of the chicken skin by the most probable number (MPN) method. The results showed that the number of Salmonella in the wet-market had the highest which is 586.8 MPN/g compared to other places and the back region of chicken had the highest number of Salmonella which is 315.1 MPN/g compared to the other parts of the skin.
Keyword: foodborne disease, most probable number (MPN), Salmonella, zoonosis

Judul: Jumlah Escherichia coli dalam Kulit Ayam Pedaging Asal Tempat Pemotongan dan Tempat Penjualan di Wilayah Bogor
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghitung jumlah Escherichia coli dalam kulit ayam pedaging di tempat pemotongan dan tempat penjualan di wilayah Bogor. Jumlah kulit ayam yang dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 48. Jumlah Escherichia coli dihitung menggunakan metode Most Probable Number (MPN). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan rata-rata jumlah Escherichia coli dalam kulit ayam pedaging di tempat potong ayam adalah 749.0±16.4 MPN/g, rumah potong ayam 928.0±198.7 MPN/g, pasar swalayan 643.0±170.3 MPN/g, pasar tradisional 940.0±204.3 MPN/g. Rata-rata jumlah Escherichia coli berdasarkan bagian kulit ayam di dada atas adalah 873.3±163.9 MPN/g, dada bawah adalah 770.0±255.2 MPN/g, punggung atas adalah 677.8±115.5 MPN/g, punggung bawah adalah 938.9±188.2 MPN/g. Jumlah Escherichia coli tertinggi berasal dari pasar tradisional dan bagian kulit area punggung bawah. Jumlah Escherichia coli di atas ambang batas cemaran maksimum yang telah ditetapkan.
Keyword: Escherichia coli, jumlah MPN, kulit ayam pedaging

Judul: : Persamaan Tunggal sebagai Representasi Kurva Komposit
Abstrak: A mathematical method is introduced to represent a composite curve based on an extension of analytic geometry. The representation is given either with a single equation or with two equations, in the case of parametric representation. This method permits the representation of composite curves in similar manner to the conventional representation of non-composite curves. Some mathematical tools, including Heaviside unit step function and periodizer function, are used in the establishment of a single equation. In this paper, regular equations of regular and irregular polygon, as well as composite curves of two dimensions, are implemented using a computer algebraic system, Mathematica.
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