Judul: Dampak Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat terhadap Kesejahteraan Rumahtangga Petani Garam di Kabupaten Karawang
Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki total luas laut sebesar 3 257 357 Km2 dengan garis pantai sepanjang 80.79 Km yang berpotensi untuk produksi garam, namun produksi garam di Indonesia tidak mampu memenuhi tingginya kebutuhan garam, sehingga Indonesia melakukan impor garam. Pemerintah berupaya untuk meningkatkan produksi garam melalui program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat (PUGAR). PUGAR adalah program pemberdayaan petani garam untuk peningkatan kesempatan kerja, kesejahteraan, dan Swasembada Garam Nasional. Pada tahun 2012, Kabupaten Karawang adalah salah satu daerah penerima program PUGAR. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi karakteristik rumahtangga petani garam serta pelaksanaan PUGAR, (2) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan ekonomi rumahtangga dalam alokasi curahan kerja, produksi dan pengeluaran petani garam, dan (3) menganalisis dampak program PUGAR terhadap kesejahteraan rumahtangga petani garam di Kabupaten Karawang. Penelitian menggunakan data cross section sampel rumahtangga petani garam tahun 2012. Model Ekonomi Rumahtangga Petani Garam dibangun sebagai suatu sistem persamaan simultan dan diestimasi menggunakan metode Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS). Pada petani garam penerima PUGAR, penurunan Bantuan Langsung Masyarakat (79 persen) dan peningkatan upah tenaga kerja luar keluarga (30 persen) yang dikompensasi dengan peningkatan harga garam (50 persen) masih dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan rumahtangga. Pada petani garam yang tidak menerima PUGAR, pemberian Bantuan Langsung Masyarakat (Rp 4 750 000) dan peningkatan upah tenaga kerja luar keluarga (30 persen) yang disertai peningkatan harga garam (50 persen) dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan rumahtangga.
Keyword: Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat, Bantuan Langsung Masyarakat, Kesejahteraan Rumahtangga

Judul: Analisis Sistem Tataniaga Garam Rakyat (Studi Kasus: Desa Lembung Kecamatan Galis Kabupaten Pamekasan Jawa Timur)
Abstrak: Salt is a strategic and high economic valued comodity because it is needed in every human lifa aspect as a main raw materials. The purposes of this research were analyzing marketing. The purposes of this research were analyzing marketing channels, function, structure and marketing institutions of farmer salt comodity and analyzing the efficiency of farmer salt marketing in every marketing channels by marketing margin, farmer’s share and benefit cost ratio approching. Based on the research result, there are mains channels which is formed based on the distribution first point with different institutions, functions and market structure in each channels. The result of operational efficiency analysis indicator and qualitative indicator showed that all of marketing channels had been inefficiency. It was caused because farmers still had a role as a price taker and price giving tendency was unfair because farmer had a weak bargaining power. Because of that, goverment role was hoped be able to change farmers role and improve the presence of farmer group to increase farmer prosperity.
Keyword: salt marketing, farmer’s share, efficiency, salt, Lembung village

Judul: Aplikasi Metode Biopsi Core-Needle pada Testes Muncak (Muntiacus muntjak)
Abstrak: This study was aimed to observe objectively core-needle biopsy (CNB) method in the testicular biopsy of muntjak. Biopsy was done on one muntjak at hard antler stage. The muntjak was immobilized with combination of xylazine (1 mg/kg body weight) and ketamine (1 mg/kg body weight) which was injected intramuscularly. The testicular tissues were obtained by using the CNB with 14G needle size. The fragment of testes was fixed and processed to histological preparation and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. After biopsy procedures, muntjak was injected intravenously with yohimbine as the antagonist of the anaesthetic agent. The using of xylazine and ketamine as general anasthesia followed by injecting yohimbine provided good immobilization and recovery in this study. The testicular tissues were observed with light microscope using 10X and 40X objective lenses. The biopsied samples showed good histological features of the testes tissues with germinal cells (spermatogenia, spermatocytes, round and elongated spermatid), somatic cells (Sertoli cells), interstitial cells (Leydig cells) and clear signs of spermatogenesis. It is concluded that the CNB method is suitable for testes biopsy in the muntjak, and the procedures are recommended to be processed for a patent.
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