Judul: Penjerapan zat warna rreaktif cibacron red menggunakan adsorben sekam padi
Abstrak: Textile wastewater containing dyes can pollute aquatic environment. This study utilized rice husk as adsorbent for Cibacron Red reactive dyes which are widely used in textile industries. Husks were made into adsorbent without modification (ATM) and acid modified adsorbent (AMA). The optimum condition was obtained under adsorption time of 30 minutes, 1.0 g of adsorbent, and initial concentration of dye solution was 150 ppm. The optimum condition for AMA was obtained under adsorption time of 60 minutes, 2.0 g of adsorbent, and 150 ppm initial concentration of dye solution. The optimum condition of activated charcoal (AA) as a comparison was 30 minute time of adsorption, 3.0 g of adsorbent, and 150 ppm initial concentration dye solution. Adsorption capacity of ATM, AMA, and AA at the optimum conditions was 2879.00, 6898.30, and 2470.00 μg/g, respectively. Adsorption efficiency of ATM, AMA, and AA at the optimum conditions was 19.86, 91.71, and 40.51%, respectively. All three types of adsorbent followed the Freundlich isotherm. Application of the adsorbent on waste of textile manufacture showed a decrease in colour after adsorption by ATM, AMA, and AA, up to 52.05, 98.86 and 48.69%, respectively, with the initial colour intensity of 1485 Pt-Co. Starting with COD of the wastewater which was 7372.0 mg/L, the values decreased after the adsorption with ATM, AMA, and AA were 43.30, 98.56 and 52.58%, respectively. Starting with BOD of 149.09 mg/L, the values decreased after adsorption by ATM, AMA, and AA were 63.41, 76.09, and 72.46%, respectively. Based on these results, rice husk is potentially used as an adsorbent of dyes, thereby reducing the level of pollution of aquatic environment.
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Judul: Potency of Peanut hulls as an Adsorbent Reactive Dyes Cibacron Red.
Abstrak: Industrial waste water is an important problem in the environment impact control. Physical and chemical waste processing are very expensive and produce sludge in the huge amount. The dyes removal also could not be going optimum, the dyes still in high content on the product processing water. Therefore, adsorption method could be an economical and simple alternative to solve caused by pollution. Some agriculture waste biomass can be used as adsorbent, such as peanut hull. In this research, peanut hull as an adsorbent reactive dyes cibacron red was modified using 97% sulfuric acid. Adsorption was carried out with variations of contact time, adsorbent weight, and initial concentration of the dyes. Optimum condition of the unmodified parameter of adsorbent was 45 minutes, 1.0 g, and 100 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, for acid modified adsorbent the treatment were 60 minutes, 1.5 g, and 150 ppm. The results of cibacron red adsorption were compared to commercial activated carbon. The optimum condition for activated carbon was at 60 minutes, 3.0 g, and 150 ppm. Cibacron red adsorption capacity by unmodified adsorbent, acid modified adsorbent, and activated carbon in single solution were 476.34, 8837.00, and 3827.50 μg/g adsorbent, respectively. Removal efficiency in single solution were 4.69, 87.14, and 72.56%. Percent decrease of dyes using three kinds off adsorbent on textile industry waste were 2.03, 97.08, and 51.65%. It shows that acid modified adsorbent is more effective remove dyes. Isotherm type for those kinds of adsorbent followed Freundlich isotherm, with high linearity more than 90%.
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Judul: Anatomi Otot-Otot Tubuh Trenggiling Jawa (Manis javanica).
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui susunan otot tubuh yang meliputi daerah leher, punggung, dada, dan abdomen trenggiling jawa (Manis javanica) beserta origo dan insersionya untuk menduga fungsi dari otot-otot tersebut. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah dua ekor kadaver trenggiling yang telah difiksasi dalam formalin 10%. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengamati otot-otot lapis superfisial hingga profundal. Identifikasi letak origo dan insersio dilakukan dengan mempreparir otot-otot tersebut. Penamaan otot didasarkan pada Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria 2017. Hasil penelitian kemudian dibandingkan dengan literatur mengenai anatomi tubuh hewan yang mirip secara filogenetik seperti karnivora. Otot-otot yang ditemukan beberapa mirip dengan mamalia dan sudah dilakukan pada penelitian sebelumnya. Beberapa otot di daerah ventral tubuh ditemukan lebih berkembang. Otot daerah ventral leher yang berkembang tebal, yaitu m. rectus capitis ventralis major. Otot pada daerah epaxial, seperti m. longissimus dorsi dan m. semispinalis thoracis et lumborum memanjang hingga daerah ekor. Otot dinding dada m. serratus dorsalis cranialis berkembang lebih tebal, pada sebelah ventral terdapat m, rectus thoracis tebal memanjang ke daerah abdomen menjadi m. rectus abdominis. Struktur otot yang berkembang di daerah tersebut mempengaruhi perilaku unik yang dimiliki trenggiling.
Keyword: otot, trenggiling jawa, tubuh, leher