Judul: Contamination of Escherichia coli in  Chicken Meat of Chicken Soto from Outlets Around the Campus of Dramaga IPB  University
Abstrak: Soto ayam merupakan salah satu makanan popular yang bisa menjadi ancaman serius pada kondisi kesehatan apabila daging soto ayam yang tercemar Escherichia coli terkonsumsi oleh tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung jumlah cemaran dan mengidentifikasi faktor keberadaan Escherichia coli pada sampel daging soto ayam dari gerai sekitar lingkar Kampus Dramaga IPB University. Sebanyak 30 sampel daging soto ayam diperoleh dari 10 pedagang soto ayam di lingkar Kampus Dramaga IPB University. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengambilan kuesioner dari pedagang soto ayam serta pengujian jumlah Escherichia coli dengan metode most probable number dan dikonfirmasi dengan uji IMViC, serta pewarnaan Gram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata jumlah Escherichia coli pada daging ayam suwir soto ayam dari gerai sekitar lingkar Kampus Dramaga IPB University adalah 5,15 ± 3,56 MPN/g. Selanjutnya studi ini mendapatkan 90% (9/10) pedagang soto ayam teridentifikasi positif Escherichia coli pada daging soto ayam. Faktor yang memengaruhi keberadaan Escherichia coli yaitu lokasi penjualan dekat dengan jalan padat kendaraan, penyimpanan daging pada wadah terbuka dan suhu ruang, praktik pengolahan, tingkat kebersihan dari peralatan penyuwiran, serta penerapan higiene sanitasi yang kurang baik., Chicken soto is one of the popular foods that makes it possible to present a serious threat to health conditions if the shredded chicken soto contaminated with Escherichia coli consumed. The study aimed to calculate the number of Escherichia coli and identify the presence factors of Escherichia coli on chicken soto samples from the outlets around the campus of IPB University. A total of 30 samples of shredded chicken soto were obtained from 10 chicken soto sellers around the Campus of Dramaga IPB University. The study was conducted using a questionnaire of chicken soto sellers and the numbers of Escherichia coli was carried out using the most probable number method and was confirmed by IMViC test, and Gram stainning. The results of the study showed that the average amount of Escherichia coli in shredded chicken soto from outlets around the Campus of Dramaga IPB University was 5,15,
Keyword: Escherichia coli, cemaran, daging ayam, soto ayam

Judul: Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from  Chicken Noodle Meat around Dramaga Campus IPB University.
Abstrak: Mi ayam merupakan salah satu pangan asal hewan yang berpotensi terkontaminasi bakteri Escherichia coli (E. coli) resistan terhadap antibiotik. Bakteri ini mengancam kesehatan masyarakat karena sulit mengendalikan penyebaran bakteri penyebab infeksi. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan tingkat resistansi antibiotik isolat E. coli dari daging ayam cincang mi ayam yang dijual di lingkar Kampus Dramaga, IPB University. Pengujian resistansi menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion dan mengacu pada Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute 2023. Sebanyak 43 isolat teridentifikasi E. coli, tingkat resistansi E. coli diperoleh terhadap ampisilin (49%), tetrasiklin (44,2%), sulfametoksazol trimetoprim (33%), kloramfenikol (23,3%), streptomisin (16,3%), dan sefotaksim (9,3%). Selain itu, isolat E. coli menunjukkan resistansi tingkat intermediet pada antibiotik streptomisin (35%) dan sefotaksim (35%). Isolat bakteri E. coli masih sensitif terhadap kloramfenikol (72%), sulfametoksazol-trimetoprim (65,1%), tetrasiklin (56%), sefotaksim (56%), streptomisin (49%), dan ampisilin (35%). Terdapat isolat E. coli bersifat multidrug-resistance dengan pola ampisilin streptomisin-tetrasiklin-sefotaksim-sulfametoksazol trimetoprim-kloramfenikol. Tingkat resistansi antibiotik yang tinggi pada isolat E. coli memicu masalah kesehatan masyarakat karena bakteri yang resistan dapat menyebar ke tubuh melalui konsumsi makanan yang terkontaminasi, menimbulkan risiko infeksi yang lebih besar., Chicken noodles are one of the animal-derived foods that have the potential to be contaminated with antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. These bacteria threaten public health because it is difficult to control the spread of bacteria that cause infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of antibiotic resistance of E. coli isolates from minced chicken meat chicken noodles sold around the Dramaga Campus, IPB University. Resistance testing uses the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and refers to the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute 2023. A total of 43 E. coli isolates were identified, the resistance level of E. coli was obtained against ampicillin (49%), tetracycline (44,2%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (33%), chloramphenicol (23,3%). streptomycin (16,3%), and cefotaxime (9,3%). In addition, E. coli isolates showed intermediate level resistance to streptomycin (35%) and cefotaxime (35%) antibiotics. E. coli isolates were still sensitive to chloramphenicol (72%), sulfamethoxazole- trimethoprim (65,1%), tetracycline (56%), cefotaxime (56%), streptomycin (49%), and ampicillin (35%). There were multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates with ampicillin-streptomycin-tetracycline-cephotaxime-sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim chloramphenicol pattern. The high level of antibiotic resistance in E. coli isolates triggers public health concerns as resistant bacteria can spread to the body through the consumption of contaminated food, posing a greater risk of infection.
Keyword: antibiotik, daging ayam, resistansi, escher

Judul: : Persamaan Tunggal sebagai Representasi Kurva Komposit
Abstrak: A mathematical method is introduced to represent a composite curve based on an extension of analytic geometry. The representation is given either with a single equation or with two equations, in the case of parametric representation. This method permits the representation of composite curves in similar manner to the conventional representation of non-composite curves. Some mathematical tools, including Heaviside unit step function and periodizer function, are used in the establishment of a single equation. In this paper, regular equations of regular and irregular polygon, as well as composite curves of two dimensions, are implemented using a computer algebraic system, Mathematica.
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