Judul: The histopathology of the testes after intraperitoneal injection of busulfan in mice’s (Mus musculus) as an infertility animal model.
Abstrak: Masalah reproduksi pada pria dan wanita dapat bersifat permanen maupun sementara. Infertilitas adalah masalah reproduksi yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya mutasi genetik, pola hidup yang tidak sehat, dan pengaruh obat salah satunya adalah busulfan. Busulfan adalah agen sitotoksik yang dapat mempengaruhi testis. Busulfan termasuk pada obat anti kanker (kemoterapi) dari golongan alkilasi yang umum digunakan pada transplantasi hematopoietic stem cell. Busulfan menyebabkan kerusakan testis yang memengaruhi proses spermatogenesis dan hormonal. Busulfan merusak morfologi dan fungsi testis mencit setelah diinjeksi dengan rute intraperitoneal. Mencit jantan sebanyak 16 ekor dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan yang diinjeksi dengan busulfan rute intraperitoneal dengan dosis 40 mg/kg bobot badan. Perubahan histopatologi testis diamati pada potongan jaringan testis yang diulas hematoksilineosin (HE). Pengamatan morfologi testis dilakukan pada minggu ke-2, 4, dan 6 pasca injeksi busulfan. Injeksi busulfan rute intraperitoneal menyebabkan penurunan signifikan pada kuantitas sel-sel spermatogenik yaitu spermatogonium, spermatosit, dan spermatid yang ditandai dengan dengan densitas tubulus seminiferi yang menurun setiap minggunya. Penurunan yang signifikan terjadi pada minggu ke-4 pasca injeksi. Injeksi busulfan rute intraperitoneal menyebabkan penurunan spermatogenesis yang progresif sebagai predisposisi infertilitas, Reproductive issues in men and women can be either permanent or temporary. Infertility is a reproductive problem caused by several factors, including genetic mutations, unhealthy lifestyles, and the influence of certain drugs, one of which is busulfan. Busulfan is a cytotoxic agent that can affect the testes. It is an alkylating anticancer drug (chemotherapy) commonly used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Busulfan causes testicular damage that affects spermatogenesis and hormonal processes. It damages the morphology and function of mouse testes when injected intraperitoneally. Sixteen male mice were divided into two groups: a control group and a treatment group injected with busulfan intraperitoneally at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight. Testicular histopathological changes were observed in testicular tissue sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Testicular morphology observations were made at weeks 2, 4, and 6 post-busulfan injection. Intraperitoneal busulfan injection caused a significant decrease in the quantity of spermatogenic cells, namely spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids, indicated by the decreased density of seminiferous tubules each week. A significant reduction occurred at week 4 post-injection. Intraperitoneal busulfan injection led to a progressive decrease in spermatogenesis, predisposing to infertility
Keyword: busulfan, infertilitas, injeksi intraperitoneal, sel spermatogenik, busulfan, infertility, intraperitoneal injections, spermatogenic cell

Judul: Fertility Evaluation after Intraperitoneal Busulfan Injection on Mice (Mus musculus) as Infertility Animal Model
Abstrak: Kajian mengenai penanganan infertilitas masih belum banyak dilakukan akibat keterbatasan jumlah dan jenis hewan model infertilitas. Pembuatan hewan model infertilitas dapat dilakukan dengan induksi busulfan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh busulfan terhadap testis dan kualitas spermatozoa kauda epididimis pada kelompok mencit dalam pembuatan hewan model infertilitas. Sebanyak 16 ekor mencit jantan dibagi ke dalam empat kelompok perlakuan waktu (kontrol, IP-2, IP-4, dan IP-6). Mencit diinjeksikan dengan busulfan melalui rute intraperitoneal dengan dosis 40 mg/kg, kecuali kelompok kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Testis dan suspensi spermatozoa kauda epididimis. dikoleksi pada minggu ke-0 (kontrol), 2 (IP-2), 4 (IP-4), dan 6 (IP-6) setelah injeksi busulfan. Konsentrasi, motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas dievaluasi, kemudian hasil pemeriksaan diolah menggunakan metode Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Busulfan menurunkan (p<0,05) bobot testis pada IP-2 dan IP4. Motilitas dan konsentrasi spermatozoa menurun signifikan pada IP-6, sedangkan viabilitas menurun signifikan pada IP-4. Busulfan tidak memengaruhi abnormalitas spermatozoa secara nyata. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa busulfan memengaruhi bobot testis dan kualitas spermatozoa pada waktu yang berbeda., Studies on infertility treatment are still not widely carried out due to the lack of number and type of animal models. Animal models of infertility can be created by using busulfan. This study aims to determine the effect of busulfan on the testis and quality of cauda epididimal spermatozoa in mice. Sixteen male mice were divided into four groups (control, IP-2, IP-4, and IP-6). Mice from IP groups were injected intraperitoneally with busulfan at a dose of 40 mg/kg, except control group. Testes and cauda epididymal sperm collected at week 0 (control), 2 (IP-2), 4 (IP-4), and 6 (IP-6) after busulfan injection. The sperm concentration, motility, viability, and abnormality were evaluated and the examination results were analysed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and further with Duncan's test. Injection of busulfan significantly reduced testicular weight (p<0.05) in the IP-2 and IP-4 groups. Sperm motility and concentration decreased significantly in the IP-6 group, while viability decreased significantly in IP-4 group. Busulfan does not affect sperm abnormality in all groups. In conclusion, busulfan affects testicular weight and sperm quality at different times.
Keyword: sperm quality, animal model, busulfan, infertility, intraperitoneal

Judul: The addition of a noun word graph dictionary module in bogordelftconstruct
Abstrak: Knowledge Graph is a new method in Natural Language Processing that is used to describe human language and displaying it into a graph form. BogorDelftConStruct is a tool to analyze Indonesian text, developed by Deni Romadoni (2009). The tool has limited feature, opening many opportunities to add some other features. The goal of this research is to develop a noun word graph dictionary module and add it in BogorDelftConStruct. The patterns of the noun word-graph are based the research of Saleh (2009). In this research, of the 20 patterns in Saleh (2009) only 13 patterns are used, since some of word graph patterns which have the same affix and also have the different meaning. As many as 144 nouns were used in scenario testing, with 1 error was generated (99,33% accuracy).
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