Judul: Aktivitas fisik dan konsumsi energi minuman berkalori pada laki-laki dan perempuan gemuk dan tidak gemuk
Abstrak: The objective of this research was to study physical activity level (PAL) and energy intake from calorie beverages (EICB) of overweight (OW) and nonoverweight (NOW) males and females. The research was carried out throught analyzing a data set of THIRST (The Indonesian Regional Hydration Study) collected in 2008 and 2009 by applying a cross sectional study design among 606 adolescents (male and female aged 15-18 years) and 594 adults (male and female aged 25-55 years) in North Jakarta, West Bandung, Surabaya, Malang, Makasar, and Malino. Data processing and analysis were conducted in Bogor in Maret-July 2011. Since the prevalence of OW in adolescent is small (13.5%), the analysis was combined for both adolescent and adults, regardless the age goups. The results showed that the prevalence of OW was 31.8%, which is higher among female (35.5%) than male (27.9%). The mean BMI for overall subjects was 23.0 ± 4.9 (kg/m2), among female and male was 23.5 ± 5.2 (kg/m2) and 22.5 ± 4.6 (kg/m2) respectively, and among OW and NOW was 29.1 ± 3.9 (kg/m2) and 20.6 ± 2.7 (kg/m2) respectively. The mean PAL for overall subjects was 1.65 ± 0.19, among female and male was 1.62 ± 0.16 and 1.69 ± 0.21 respectively; and among OW and NOW was 1.60 ± 0.16 and 1.67 ± 0.19 respectively. The mean intake of EICB was 439 ± 394 kcal/day, among female and male was 409 ± 367 kcal/day and 471 ± 420 kcal/day respectively, and among OW and NOW was 395 ± 360 kcal/day and 477 ± 408 kcal/day respectively. The five types of calorie beverages most consumed by OW and NOW were the same, namely unpacked tea, unpacked coffee, unpacked juice, packed milk and unpacked yoghurt. There was significant correlation between PAL and BMI, but not for EICB and BMI, which more likely explained by the low energy adequacy level (84.3%) among subjects and the weaknesses of the cross sectional study design. This implies that increasing physical activity and limiting energy adequacy level is important to prevent overweight. Further studies with better design are required in this field in Indonesia.
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Judul: Konsumsi energi minuman berkalori dan kontribusinya terhadap total konsumsi energi pada remaja dan dewasa
Abstrak: The objective of this research was to analyze energy intake from calorie beverages (EICB) and it’s contribution total energy intake of adolescents and adults. The research was carried out throught analyzing a data set of THIRST (The Indonesian Regional Hydration Study) collected in 2008 and 2009 by applying a crossectional study design among 606 adolescents (male and female aged 15-18 yrs) and 594 adults (male and female aged 25-55 yrs) in North Jakarta, West Bandung, Surabaya, Malang, Makasar and Malino. Data processing and analysis were conducted in Bogor in April-July 2011. The results showed that the mean EICB among adolescents was 420 ± 406 kcal/d and emong adults was 450 ± 382 kcal/d, which is 21.2% and 23.4% of the total energy intake (TEI) of adolescents and adults respectively. EICB was moderately associated with TEI of adolescents (r= 0.58, p<0.05 ), of adults (r= 0.51 , p<0.05), and of both adolescents and adults (r= 0.54 and p<0.05). This could be lead to over energy intake, obesity and other possible adverse effects. Further studies are required to analyze causal relationship between EICB and obesity, and other possible adverse effects among Indonesians; while at the same time it is also important to start promoting an advice for healthier and wiser beverages choices.
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Judul: Granular venereal disease ( GVD ) lepuh kecil pada vagina sapi teori terbentuknya dan cara pengobatannya
Abstrak: Isseponi pada tahun 1887 (dalam Williams, W.L. 1950) pertama sekali menemukan penyakit ini dengan mengamati ada nya lepuh-lepuh atau nodul dan peradangan pada mukosa vulva dan menduga merupakan penyebab terjadinya ketidak suburan dan abortus pada sapi. Sedang beberapa ahli menyatakan bahwa GVD bukan merupakan penyebab terjadinya ketidak suburan dan abortus, hanya kemungkinan adanya infeksi sekunder yang menyebabkan terjadinya sterilitas dan abortus. Sampai sekarang agen penyebab penyakit ini masih belum diketahui dengan pasti, ada yang menyatakan disebabkan oleh virus, bakteri, protozoa ataupun micoplasma. - Masa inkubasi penyakit 2 sampai 3 minggu dan dapat berjalan kronis dan ringan tanpa menimbulkan gangguan dan dapat juga berlangsung akut dan parah. Sering penyakit ini dapat sembuh sendiri tanpa diketahui pemunculannya lebih dahulu sehingga pemilik ternak tidak mengetahui hewannya pernah terserang penyakit Venereal Granular ini. Penularan paling sering terjadi melalui perkawinan alam dimana sapi-sapi jantan dapat berperan sebagai penye bar penyakit ke sapi-sapi betina lain. ...
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