Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR|Alu-1) pada Sapi Lokal Indonesia dengan Teknik PCR-RFLP
Abstrak: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technology to amplificate the specific fragments of DNA in vitro. PCR-RFLP is one of the PCR technic was developed to visualize the differences of DNA levels by using enzyme restriction. This research was conducted to identify polymorphism of Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) gene in Indonesian cattle, consits of Bali, Aceh, PO, Pesisir and Katingan. Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) gene is the one of the esensial hormone receptor in reproductivity animal system. It will induce the spermatogenesis and oogenesis process with spesific receptor interaction on male and female cell target. Total of sampels used in this reseach are 129 samples consist of Bali Cattle 16 heads, Aceh 12 heads, PO 29 heads, Pesisir 32 heads, and Katingan 40 heads. The result of this identify polymorphism showed that there are two alelles of C and G and three genotipes (CC, CG, and GG) in Aceh, PO, Pesisir, and Katingan cattle. Heterozygositas of each sample showed that heterozygositas expectation (He) is higher than heterozygositas observation (Ho). The higest heterozygosity value was found in Pesisir Aceh cattle, while the lower heterozygosity value was found in Bali cattle population. Based on the analysis, Indonesian cattle breed (Aceh cattle, Pesisir cattle, PO cattle, and katingan cattle) are polymorphic in FSHR gene with three genotipes (GG, GC, CC) and two alelles (G and C), while the Bali cattle is homozigot with only two genotipes CC and GG.
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Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Growth Hormone Receptor Exon 8 (GHR|SspI) pada Sapi Friesian Holstein dengan Metode PCR-RFLP
Abstrak: Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) is one factor affecting animal growth. GHR is required by growth hormone (GH) to carry out its effect on target tissues. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphism of the Growth Hormone Receptor gene in dairy cattle (Holstein Friesian) from BPPT SP Cikole, KPSBU Pasir Kemis, KPSBU Cilumber, BIB Singosari and BBIB Lembang. The gene polymorphism was identified with Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method using SSpI restriction enzyme. Genotyping in this study was performed on 312 animals. The product of amplification was 230 bp. Genotyping the GHR gene produced two alleles (A and T) and three genotypes (AA, AT, TT). Results from the analysis of the allele and genotype frequencies showed that the T allele had a higher frequencies than the A allele and TT genotype had a higher frequencies than AA or AT genotypes from all population. The GHR gene in HF from BPPT SP Cikole, KPSBU Cilumber, and KPSBU Pasir Kemis were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg in HF from BIB Lembang and BBIB Singosari could not be calculated. Heterozigosity value of GHR gene (Ho) were lower than heterozigosity value in HF (He) from BPPT SP Cikole and KPSBU Pasir Kemis. In HF from other population, heterozigosity value of GHR gene (Ho) were higher than heterozigosity value (He). The conclusion was that GHR|SSpI gene in HF from BPPT SP Cikole, KPSBU Pasir Kemis, KPSBU Cilumber, BIB Lembang and BBIB Singosari was polymorphic.
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Judul: Ongkos irregularitas sebuah graf
Abstrak: Tulisan ini mengkaji bagaimana cara mcngubah sualu graf menjadi graf yang irregular, yaitu dengan menambahkan beberapa edge pacta graf asal. Untuk sebuah graf G, didefinisikan ongkos irregularitas ic(G) yaitu jumlah minimum tambahan edge sedemikian sehingga menjadi Multigraf H yang merupakan multigraf G irregular. Akan ditentukan ongkos irregularitas dari graf regular, graf mendekati regular, dan graf mendekati irregular.
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