Judul: Efektivitas Pemberian Probiotik Terenkapsulasi terhadap Produksi dan Kualitas Susu Sapi Perah
Abstrak: The high demand of milk is not-fulfilled by the ability of farmers to produce quality milk. The objectives of this research were to examine the effect of encapsulated probiotic supplementation on yield, quality and level of M1 aflatoksin contamination of dairy cow. This research used three species of lactic acid bacteria, i.e Lactobacillus acidophyllus, Bifidobacterium longum, dan Streptococcus thermophylus, such as rumen microbe (MR4) which have ability to degrade M1 aflatoxin. Sodium alginate, lactose, canola oil, Hi-maize and lechitin were used as a coating. Ten cows of Friesien Holland were divided into two treatment groups i.e control and probiotic supplementation 0.2% dry matter. The result showed that encapsulation improved microbe viability during freezedrying processing. The addition of probiotic significant increased (P<0.05) milk production up to 29.21% and improved the quality of milk fat up to 9.62%. The density, lactose, solid and protein were similar among treatments.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), supplementation, probiotics, encapsulation, aflatoksin

Judul: Efektifitas Pemberian Probiotik Padat pada Taraf yang Berbeda terhadap Fermentasi dan Kecernaan in vitro Ransum Sapi Potong
Abstrak: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various levels of solid probioticsupplementation in beef cattle rations on VFA and NH3 concentrations, rumen microbial populations and nutrient digestibility. Fermentability experiment used factorial randomized block design 3x4 with 4 replications. Factor A was beef cattle ration without and with solid probiotic supplement: A1 = control diet, A2 = A1 + solid probiotic 0.25% w.w-1 and A3 = A1 + solid probiotic 0.5% w.w-1. Factor B was the incubation time: 0,1,2 and 3 hours. Digestibility trial used a randomized block design with three probiotic treatments (A1, A2 and A3) and four replications. The results showed that concentration of ammonia, total VFA, microbial protein sythesis and DM digestibility were not influenced by probiotic supplementation and incubation time, these treatment affected significantly total bacterial population. Protozoal population and OM digestibility was influented by solid probiotics supplementation. Polynomial orthogonal test indicated that A3 is the optimal treatment.
Keyword: solid probiotic, digestibility, fermentability

Judul: : Persamaan Tunggal sebagai Representasi Kurva Komposit
Abstrak: A mathematical method is introduced to represent a composite curve based on an extension of analytic geometry. The representation is given either with a single equation or with two equations, in the case of parametric representation. This method permits the representation of composite curves in similar manner to the conventional representation of non-composite curves. Some mathematical tools, including Heaviside unit step function and periodizer function, are used in the establishment of a single equation. In this paper, regular equations of regular and irregular polygon, as well as composite curves of two dimensions, are implemented using a computer algebraic system, Mathematica.
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