Judul: Analisis Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Pada Industri Pengolahan Teh (Studi Kasus Pada Bagian Produksi PT. Sinar Inesco, Tasikmalaya)
Abstrak: The problems in Occupational Safety and Health frequently still are ignored. This matter is shown with the number of work accident remain high. Based on data recorded in PT. Jamsostek, there were 83,714 work accident cases in Indonesia within year 2007. This number includes 6,506 handicaps, and 1.883 deaths. Agriculture is one of the most hazardous occupations in worldwide. In several countries the fatal accident rate in agriculture is two times higher than the average for all other industries. PT. Sinar Inesco as one of agro industry has quite intense activity involving labors, appliance, method, expense, and the material and also full time daily work. That condition owns the possibility of the happening of risk or hazard even accident in activity execution. This research was aimed to study potential hazard in working environment, to know the risk level in each hazard, and to identify the factors dealing with Occupational Safety and Health. Risk assessment used qualitative analysis which generally known as 2D model, where risk level was calculated from multiplication of Likelihood with Consequence which was reconciled with matrix table of risk analysis 2D model. Risk level showed by the matrix was then used define control techniques in accordance with literature and condition of location. Identification resulted that hazards at production activity of tea processing were classified into 4 units e.g. pre-withering and withering, hulling and fermentation, drying, sorting and packing. Hazards with low risk levels are slumped, incurred by heat from fan, collided by chair monorail, the noise (at pre withering and withering unit), slipped (at hulling and fermentation unit), clamped in drying door (at drying unit), dust breathed by respiration, noise and collided (at sorting and packing unit). Hazard with medium risk level was included scratches (at pre withering and withering unit), fallen down, electricity shocked, noise (at hulling and fermentation unit), hot exposure and slipped (at drying unit), clamped in enchain, eye incurred by dust and electricity shocked (at sorting and packing unit). The last level is high risk. This kind of risk has to be reduced before continuing work. Hazard with high risk level consist of pulled by propeller, and electricity shocked (at pre withering and withering unit), clamped, cut (at hulling and fermentation unit), fallen down, burned, noise (at drying unit) and pulled by propeller (at sorting and packing unit). Observations indicate that the cause of hazard can be grouped into two, that is, unsafe action done by worker and unsafe condition. Unsafe action done because the workers have less knowledge about Occupational Safety and Health. Unsafe condition commonly caused by destroying equipments such as production machines and the working safety equipments Each hazard has different risk levels; therefore, different control techniques are suggested. Control which can be done in general is to frame Standard Operation Procedure (SOP), to use personal protection, display, as well as to repair damaged equipments and machine. Control can be used by all hazards for low, medium and high risk while the extreme risk has to be eliminated.
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Judul: Pengaruh keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan
Abstrak: Dalam era industrialisasi mendatang, kewaspadaan terhadap masalah K3 mesti ditingkatkan. Sudah dapat dipastikan bahwa potensi timbulnya kecelakaan kerja, termasuk penyakit kerja di masa mendatang akan semakin besar sebagai akibat teknologi serta bahan-bahan baru yang belum dikenal sebelumnya. Sementara itu kesadaran pekerja dan pimpinan perusahaan belum sepenuhnya seperti yang diharapkan. Semakin tinggi kepedulian masyarakat terhadap K3 merupakan salah satu indikator makin tingginya kualitas angkatan kerja dan kualitas masyarakat pada umumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan. Meningkatnya motivasi akan menghasilkan lebih banyak usaha dan prestasi kerja yang lebih baik. Usaha untuk memotivasi karyawan dapat dilakukan melalui dua faktor yaitu faktor- faktor Ekstrinsik (hygiene factors) dan faktor Intrinsik (motivation factors). Data hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor ektrinsik seperti peraturan K3 yang diterapkan oleh perusahaan sudah memuaskan, begitu juga dengan dengan ketersedian peralatan keselamatan kerja (> 61 persen) menyatakan sangat baik. Untuk kondisi lingkungan kerja (84 persen) ketiga tingkatan manajemen menilai bahwa lingkungan kerja sangat berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja mereka. Di lain pihak ketersedian pelayanan kesehatan yang disediakan perusahaan memacu lebih dari 76 persen karyawan menjadi lebih tertarik untuk bekerja giat. Lebih dari 76 persen karyawan pada ketiga tingkatan manajemen menganggap bahwa fasilitas kesehatan yang disediakan perusahaan sudah cukup baik begitu juga halnya dengan keberadaan alat keselamatan darurat di lokasi kerja. Kebebasan karyawan dalam mengajukan usul dan pendapat (terutama yang berkaitan dengan bidang K3) juga tinggi sehingga membuat mereka (> 76 persen) merasa senang dan jauh dari perasaan tertekan. K3 dan sejenisnya. Program seperti ini dirasa sangat bermanfaat dan memacu mereka (> 92 persen) untuk berprestasi lebih baik lagi. Hanya 47 persen saja karyawan Data akhir hasil penelitian terhadap faktor-faktor intrinsik seperti kesempatan untuk mengembangkan diri menunjukan lebih dari 75 persen karyawan telah mengikuti pelatihan yang merasa termotivasi karena penghargaan prestasi yang diberikan oleh pimpinan. Menurut hemat mereka (53 persen) wujud penghargaan yang diberikan oleh perusahaan sudah cukup memuaskan dan relatif lebih baik dari tahun ke tahun. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisa chi square test menunjukan beberapa faktor ekstrinsik yang mempengaruhi motivasi kerja diantaranya adalah ketersedian peralatan keselamatan kerja yang memadai, lingkungan kerja yang nyaman, fasilitas kesehatan yang cukup dan penghargaan yang diberikan atas usaha mematuhi segala peraturan K3 yang ada Sebaliknya faktor yang tidak begitu berpengaruh seperti peralatan dan material pada saat bekerja dan ketersediaan alat keselamatan kerja darurat. ...
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Judul: Karakteristik struktur skelet kaki biawak air (Varanus salvator)
Abstrak: This study was aimed to observe the marphological of appendicular skeleton of Varanus salvator, associated with the function and behavior. Anatomy of appendicular skeleton of V. salvator was observed and measured of length of bones and joints. The bones and their parts of appendicular skeleton named base on Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria 2012 and Atlas of Komodo Dragon. On the forelimbs, os scapula has a convex shape, and has a broad joint with the os humerus. In the proximal part of the os humerus was found crista pectoralis, and the distal part of the bone is widened laterally. Ossa radius et ulna has spatium interosseum antebrachii along both of the bones. The hindlimbs consists of the os coxae has a concave shaped, os femoris which has three ossa articulatio genus on femorotibiofibularis joints, ossa et tibia fibula has spatium interosseum cruris along both of the bones. Soles area of the forelimbs and hindlimbs composed of ossa carpi/tarsi, ossa metacarpalia/metatarsalia and ossa phalanges manus/pedis which has compact structure and distinctive. This supports the ability to climb trees and gripping prey. The skeletal structure of the limb causes a high flexibility in the movement of the forelimbs and hindlimbs skeleton.
Keyword: Varanus salvator, forelimbs and hindlimbs skeletons, appendicular skeleton, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)