Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Growth Hormone Receptor Exon 8 (GHR|SspI) pada Sapi Friesian Holstein dengan Metode PCR-RFLP
Abstrak: Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) is one factor affecting animal growth. GHR is required by growth hormone (GH) to carry out its effect on target tissues. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphism of the Growth Hormone Receptor gene in dairy cattle (Holstein Friesian) from BPPT SP Cikole, KPSBU Pasir Kemis, KPSBU Cilumber, BIB Singosari and BBIB Lembang. The gene polymorphism was identified with Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method using SSpI restriction enzyme. Genotyping in this study was performed on 312 animals. The product of amplification was 230 bp. Genotyping the GHR gene produced two alleles (A and T) and three genotypes (AA, AT, TT). Results from the analysis of the allele and genotype frequencies showed that the T allele had a higher frequencies than the A allele and TT genotype had a higher frequencies than AA or AT genotypes from all population. The GHR gene in HF from BPPT SP Cikole, KPSBU Cilumber, and KPSBU Pasir Kemis were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg in HF from BIB Lembang and BBIB Singosari could not be calculated. Heterozigosity value of GHR gene (Ho) were lower than heterozigosity value in HF (He) from BPPT SP Cikole and KPSBU Pasir Kemis. In HF from other population, heterozigosity value of GHR gene (Ho) were higher than heterozigosity value (He). The conclusion was that GHR|SSpI gene in HF from BPPT SP Cikole, KPSBU Pasir Kemis, KPSBU Cilumber, BIB Lembang and BBIB Singosari was polymorphic.
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Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Hormon Pertumbuhan (GH|MspI) Pada Sapi Friesian Holstein Di Bib Lembang, BBIB Singosari, Dan BET Cipelang
Abstrak: Growth hormone (GH) is an anabolic hormone synthesized and secreted by somatotroph cells from the anterior lobe of the pituitary. The GH plays an important role in postnatal growth and development, tissue growth, lactation, reproduction, and metabolism. This study was aimed to identify polymorphism of the growth hormone gene (GH) in dairy cattle and beef cattle as a comparison. Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle for a total number of 89 heads from BIB Lembang (17), BBIB Singosari (32) and BET Cipelang (40); and four breeds of beef cattle for a total number of 37 heads from BET Cipelang were genotyped at intron 3 of the GH gene using PCR-RFLP method by MspI restriction enzyme. Genotyping the GH gene resulted in three genotypes, namely GH|MspI (+/+), (+/-), and (-/-), with two alleles, namely GH|MspI (+) and (-). Genetic polymorphism was detected in HF cattle and beef cattle, the exception was for Simental and Angus. The frequency of the GH|MspI (+) allele contrast to the GH|MspI (-) allele for HF cattle were 0.826 vs 0.174. GH|MspI (+/+) genotype had the highest frequency for HF (0,826), Simental, and Angus (1,000); but very limited for Limousin and Brahman (0,144 and 0,000). Chi-Square analysis showed that HF from the three locations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2 < χ2 (0,05)), but contrast on beef cattle (χ2 > χ2 (0,05)). The value of heterozigosity expectation (He) for HF and beef cattles were estimated between 0.000-0.800. The genetic variation of the GH|MspI gene was low in most of these cattles, the exception was for Brahman.
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Judul: Ongkos irregularitas sebuah graf
Abstrak: Tulisan ini mengkaji bagaimana cara mcngubah sualu graf menjadi graf yang irregular, yaitu dengan menambahkan beberapa edge pacta graf asal. Untuk sebuah graf G, didefinisikan ongkos irregularitas ic(G) yaitu jumlah minimum tambahan edge sedemikian sehingga menjadi Multigraf H yang merupakan multigraf G irregular. Akan ditentukan ongkos irregularitas dari graf regular, graf mendekati regular, dan graf mendekati irregular.
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