Judul: Quality of cauda epididymis spermatozoa of mouse (Mus musculus) post unilateral intratesticular injection of busulfan
Abstrak: Busulfan banyak digunakan dalam pengobatan kanker, namun mempunyai efek membunuh sel spermatogonia dan menyebabkan infertilitas pada laki-laki. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efek injeksi busulfan rute intra testicular unilateral terhadap berat testis dan kualitas spermatozoa kauda epididimis pada mencit (Mus musculus). Sebanyak 16 mencit jantan dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (tanpa injeksi) dan kelompok perlakuan (dengan injeksi busulfan). Busulfan diinjeksi pada testis kiri (testikular unilateral) dengan dosis 6 mg/kg BB. Testis ditimbang dan sperma kauda epididimis dikoleksi pada minggu ke-0 (kelompok kontrol) dan minggu ke-2, 4, dan 6 setelah injeksi (kelompok perlakuan), empat ekor mencit untuk masing-masing kelompok. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut Duncan. Injeksi busulfan rute ITU tidak memengaruhi berat badan dan berat testis kanan. Berat testis kiri dan motilitas spermatozoa kauda kiri menurun mulai minggu ke-4. Konsentrasi spermatozoa kauda epididimis kiri menurun mulai minggu ke-6. Viabilitas spermatozoa kauda epididimis kanan dan kiri menurun mulai minggu ke-2. Injeksi busulfan melalui rute ITU memengaruhi berat testis, konsentrasi dan motilitas spermatozoa pada testis yang diinjeksi, dan memengaruhi viabilitas spermatozoa pada testis yang diinjeksi dan yang tidak diinjeksi., Busulfan is widely used in cancer therapy, but it also promotes spermatogonial depletion and male infertility. This study aims to analyze the effect of unilateral intratesticular (UIT) injection of busulfan on testicular weight and quality of spermatozoa cauda epididymis in mice (mus musculus). Sixteen male mice were divided into control (without injection) and treatment (with busulfan injection) groups. Busulfan was injected in the left testes (unilateral intratesticular) at a dose of 6 mg/kg BW. The testes were weighed and the cauda epididymal sperm were collected at week 0 (control group), and at week 2, 4, and 6 after injection (treatment groups), four mice of each group. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan post-hoc test. Busulfan injection via UIT route did not affect body weight and right testicular weight. However, the left testicular weight and the motility of spermatozoa in the left caudal epididymis started decreasing from week 4. The concentration of spermatozoa in the left caudal epididymis started decreasing from week 6. Meanwhile, the viability of spermatozoa in the right and left cauda epididymis started decreasing from week 2. In conclusion, busulfan injection via UIT route affects testicular weight, sperm concentration and motility on the injected testes, and affects sperm viability on the injected and the uninjected testes.
Keyword: busulfan, infertilitas, intra-testikular unilateral, kualitas spermatozoa, mencit

Judul: Fertility Evaluation after Intraperitoneal Busulfan Injection on Mice (Mus musculus) as Infertility Animal Model
Abstrak: Kajian mengenai penanganan infertilitas masih belum banyak dilakukan akibat keterbatasan jumlah dan jenis hewan model infertilitas. Pembuatan hewan model infertilitas dapat dilakukan dengan induksi busulfan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh busulfan terhadap testis dan kualitas spermatozoa kauda epididimis pada kelompok mencit dalam pembuatan hewan model infertilitas. Sebanyak 16 ekor mencit jantan dibagi ke dalam empat kelompok perlakuan waktu (kontrol, IP-2, IP-4, dan IP-6). Mencit diinjeksikan dengan busulfan melalui rute intraperitoneal dengan dosis 40 mg/kg, kecuali kelompok kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Testis dan suspensi spermatozoa kauda epididimis. dikoleksi pada minggu ke-0 (kontrol), 2 (IP-2), 4 (IP-4), dan 6 (IP-6) setelah injeksi busulfan. Konsentrasi, motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas dievaluasi, kemudian hasil pemeriksaan diolah menggunakan metode Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Busulfan menurunkan (p<0,05) bobot testis pada IP-2 dan IP4. Motilitas dan konsentrasi spermatozoa menurun signifikan pada IP-6, sedangkan viabilitas menurun signifikan pada IP-4. Busulfan tidak memengaruhi abnormalitas spermatozoa secara nyata. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa busulfan memengaruhi bobot testis dan kualitas spermatozoa pada waktu yang berbeda., Studies on infertility treatment are still not widely carried out due to the lack of number and type of animal models. Animal models of infertility can be created by using busulfan. This study aims to determine the effect of busulfan on the testis and quality of cauda epididimal spermatozoa in mice. Sixteen male mice were divided into four groups (control, IP-2, IP-4, and IP-6). Mice from IP groups were injected intraperitoneally with busulfan at a dose of 40 mg/kg, except control group. Testes and cauda epididymal sperm collected at week 0 (control), 2 (IP-2), 4 (IP-4), and 6 (IP-6) after busulfan injection. The sperm concentration, motility, viability, and abnormality were evaluated and the examination results were analysed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and further with Duncan's test. Injection of busulfan significantly reduced testicular weight (p<0.05) in the IP-2 and IP-4 groups. Sperm motility and concentration decreased significantly in the IP-6 group, while viability decreased significantly in IP-4 group. Busulfan does not affect sperm abnormality in all groups. In conclusion, busulfan affects testicular weight and sperm quality at different times.
Keyword: sperm quality, animal model, busulfan, infertility, intraperitoneal

Judul: The addition of a noun word graph dictionary module in bogordelftconstruct
Abstrak: Knowledge Graph is a new method in Natural Language Processing that is used to describe human language and displaying it into a graph form. BogorDelftConStruct is a tool to analyze Indonesian text, developed by Deni Romadoni (2009). The tool has limited feature, opening many opportunities to add some other features. The goal of this research is to develop a noun word graph dictionary module and add it in BogorDelftConStruct. The patterns of the noun word-graph are based the research of Saleh (2009). In this research, of the 20 patterns in Saleh (2009) only 13 patterns are used, since some of word graph patterns which have the same affix and also have the different meaning. As many as 144 nouns were used in scenario testing, with 1 error was generated (99,33% accuracy).
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