Judul: Multi-state Model Application in Determining Annual Premiums and Policy Values of Stand-alone Long-term Care Insurance
Abstrak: Risiko finansial akibat disabilitas merupakan salah satu masalah yang dihadapi di Indonesia, terutama bagi kalangan pekerja perempuan. Asuransi long-term care (LTC) stand-alone merupakan salah satu solusi yang dapat digunakan. Dalam karya ilmiah ini, produk asuransi LTC dimodelkan menggunakan model multi-state berbasis tingkat disabilitas yang dialami peserta asuransi yang diukur dengan kemampuan dalam melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari. Premi tahunan dibayarkan peserta asuransi dengan syarat terindikasi sehat selama belum mencapai usia 59 tahun. Nilai polis digunakan sebagai acuan pembuatan cadangan manfaat jika terjadi transisi kondisi peserta asuransi menjadi terindikasi mengalami disabilitas untuk setiap state yang kemudian diboboti. Penghitungan premi tahunan menggunakan prinsip kesetaraan menunjukkan tren bahwa semakin tua peserta asuransi saat membeli polis asuransi, semakin besar premi tahunan yang perlu dibayarkan. Penghitungan nilai polis menggunakan metode prospektif menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan nilai polis dalam periode awal pertanggungan polis lalu turun seiring meningkatnya usia peserta asuransi dalam periode pertanggungan., Financial risk from disability is one of the problems in Indonesia, especially for female workers. Stand-alone long-term care (LTC) insurance is one solution that can be used. In this academic work, LTC insurance products are modeled using a multi-state model based on the level of disability experienced by policyholders, measured by their ability to perform daily activities. Annual premiums are paid by policyholders under the condition of being healthy until they reach the age of 59. The policy value is used as a reference for benefit reserve if there is a transition in the policyholder's condition indicating disability for each state, which is then weighted. The calculation of annual premiums using the principle of equivalence shows a trend that the older the policyholder is when purchasing the insurance policy, the larger the annual premium that needs to be paid. The calculation of the policy value using the prospective method shows an increase in the policy value in the early policy period, followed by a decrease as the policyholder's age increases during the coverage period.
Keyword: premium, long-term care, multi-state model, policy value, stand-alone

Judul: Determination of Heart Disease Insurance Premium with Vasicek Interest Rate Based on Prevalence and Incidence Rates
Abstrak: Risiko finansial akibat penyakit kritis merupakan ancaman dalam kehidupan modern. Asuransi penyakit kritis memberikan perlindungan terhadap biaya penyakit serius seperti jantung, kanker, dan stroke. Penelitian ini memodelkan suku bunga dinamis dengan model Vasicek, menentukan intensitas transisi dan peluang transisi untuk asuransi penyakit jantung, dan menghitung premi bersih tahunan asuransi penyakit jantung. Data yang digunakan mencakup BI 7-day (Reverse) Repo Rate dan data statistik kesehatan penyakit jantung dari Australia. Model Vasicek memprediksi suku bunga dengan akurasi tinggi dengan nilai MAPE sebesar 5.26%. Premi asuransi penyakit jantung untuk laki-laki lebih tinggi dibandingkan premi untuk perempuan dan meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia. Premi asuransi penyakit jantung dengan suku bunga model Vasicek lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan suku bunga konstan menggunakan rata-rata model Vasicek., Financial risk due to critical illnesses poses a threat in modern life. Critical illness insurance provides protection against the costs of serious diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke. This study models dynamic interest rates using the Vasicek model, determines the transition intensity and transition probabilities for heart disease insurance, and calculates the annual net premium for heart disease insurance. The data used includes the BI 7-day (Reverse) Repo Rate and heart disease health statistics from Australia. The Vasicek model predicts interest rates with high accuracy, with a MAPE value of 5.26%. The heart disease insurance premium for men is higher than that for women and increases with age. The heart disease insurance premium with the Vasicek model interest rate is lower than the constant interest rate using the average of the Vasicek model.
Keyword: Vasicek model, financial risk, insurance premium, heart disease, transition intensity

Judul: Studi Komparatif Saluran Pencernaan Parkit (Melopsittacus undulatus) dengan tinjauan Khusus terhadap Fungsi Tembolok (Telaah Pustaka)
Abstrak: The structure of the digestive tract of Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) is generally the same as the digestive tract of the other avian, which is cranially start by a pair of beaks down to ventrocaudal and ends by the cloaca. The characteristics of the digestive tract of Budgerigar are in form of its beaks, tongue, crop, stomach, and intestine, which are adapted with the type of food intake. Crop (ingluvies) is an expansible ventral wall of oesophagus with its function as storage and softening chamber. Budgerigar's crop also has the function for softening and regurgitating pellets or food for their young.
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