Judul: Keragaman Gen Monoamine  Oxidase A (MAOA) pada Sapi Pedaging
Abstrak: One of the essential traits in the management of raising meat livestock is the aggressive nature of cattle, which affects livestock handling and productivity. Several genes control aggressive traits, and one that plays an important role is the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene. The MAOA gene encodes the enzyme monoamine oxidase A, which plays a role in the catabolism of neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Mutations in the MAOA gene can increase the tendency of cows to behave aggressively, which can affect neurotransmitter regulation. Studies on MAOA gene diversity in Indonesian beef cattle have yet to be carried out. Therefore, this research was conducted to identify and analyze SNP determination and MAOA gene diversity in beef cattle in Indonesia. One hundred twenty-seven blood samples from beef cattle were from Bali, Limousin, Wagyu, PO, Madura, and Balinese Wagyu crosses. Blood samples were extracted using the GeneAid kit, isolating pure DNA from beef cattle. MAOA gene diversity was analyzed using the PCR-RFLP method. Analysis results such as genotype frequencies, allele frequencies, heterozygosity values, and Hardy-Weinberg balance were calculated using Popgen32. Amplification of the MAOA gene sequence in the promoter fragment and exon 1 via PCR was successfully carried out at 57 ºC, resulting in product lengths of 548 bp and 341 bp, respectively. The results showed that the MAOA gene located in the promoter region has six SNPs that are specific to Bali cattle, namely SNP g.98 A > C, SNP g.145 G > T, SNP g.216 A > C, SNP g.340 T > G, SNP g.349 A > C, and SNP g.385 G > A. Meanwhile, the MAOA gene located in exon 1 is monomorphic. The PCR-RFLP method was used to investigate the SNP g.385 G > A MAOA gene polymorphism using the RSaI restriction enzyme. The MAOA SNP g.385 G > A gene obtained two alleles (G and A) and three genotypes: GG, GA, and AA. SNP g.385 G > A is polymorphic in Bali, PO, Madura, and Wagyu-Bali cross (F1) cattle while monomorphic in Limousin and Wagyu cattle. The allele frequency of the SNP g.385 G > A MAOA gene in Bali, PO, Madurese cattle, and Wagyu-Bali crosses (F1) is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. SNP g.385 G > A of the MAOA gene can be used as a candidate aggressive genetic marker., Salah satu sifat yang penting dalam manajemen pemeliharaan ternak daging adalah sifat agresif pada sapi yang berpengaruh pada penanganan ternak dan produktivitas. Sifat agresif dikendalikan oleh beberapa gen dan salah satu yang berperan penting adalah gen MAOA. Gen MAOA mengkodekan enzim monoamine oksidase A yang berperan dalam katabolisme neurotransmiter, termasuk dopamin, norepinefrin, dan serotonin. Mutasi pada gen MAOA dapat meningkatkan kecenderungan sapi untuk berperilaku agresif yang dapat mempengaruhi regulasi neurotransmitter. Studi keragaman gen MAOA pada sapi pedaging Indonesia belum dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis penetuan SNP dan keragaman gen MAOA pada sapi pedaging di Indonesia. Sebanyak 127 sampel darah sapi pedaging yang terdiri dari sampel darah sapi Bali, Limousin, Wagyu, PO, Madura, dan silangan Wagyu Bali. Sampel darah diekstraksi menggunakan kit GeneAid dan
Keyword: beef cattle, MAOA gene, SNP

Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Ekson 2.1 Gen PLAG1 pada Sapi Pedaging
Abstrak: Gen Pleomorphic Adenoma Gene 1 (PLAG1) adalah salah satu gen yang mengendalikan sifat-sifat pertumbuhan pada sapi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis keragaman Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) daerah ekson 2.1 gen Pleomorphic Adenoma Gene 1 (PLAG1) pada sapi bali, sapi peranakan ongol (PO) dan sapi limosin dengan metode direct-sequencing. Sampel darah yang digunakan yaitu 46 sampel yang terdiri atas 29 sampel sapi bali, 9 sampel sapi PO dan 8 sampel sapi limosin. Analisis data yang dilakukan yaitu perhitungan frekuensi genotipe dan alel, nilai heterosigositas, dan keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg (uji chi-square). SNP c.1186 C>T dan c.1420 G>A pada sapi PO dan semua SNP pada sapi bali bersifat polimorfik dengan keragaman yang rendah sedangkan SNP c.1033 C>G, c.1036 A>G, c.1067 G>A dan c.1492 A>G sapi PO dan semua SNP sapi limosin yang diteliti bersifat monomorfik. SNP yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini mengubah susunan asam amino SNP c.1033 C>G his>gln dan SNP c.1067 G>A glu>lys. Keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg gen PLAG1 dalam kadaan seimbang pada SNP c.1420 G>A sapi bali dan PO serta SNP c.1033 C>G dan c.1067 G>A pada sapi bali. SNP c.1186 C>T sapi bali dan sapi PO serta SNP c.1036 A>G, c.1186 C>T dan c.1492 A>G pada sapi bali tidak dalam keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg.
Keyword: gen PLAG1, keragaman, sapi pedaging, SNP, teknik sekuensing

Judul: Penyelesaian Masalah Rotasi Aliran Fluida Kental Von Karman Menggunakan Metode Homotopi
Abstrak: Von Karman equation is an equation that describes fluid viscous flow induced by infinite disk rotation. By assuming steady flow and laminar, viscous incompressible fluid flow is represented in Von Karman equation by an angular velocity and the vertical direction velocity as the independent variables. Von Karman equation is a nonlinear problem that is solved using the homotopy method. The use of homotopy method is done by defining an homotopy function that requires auxiliary parameters to control the convergent region of the solution. The solution is a recursive formula with given initial conditions. Using software based-functional shows that velocity components converge to a value.
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