Judul: Performa Ayam Broiler Pada Strain dan Level Pemberian Probiotik Dalam Air Minum yang Berbeda.
Abstrak: Dalam rangka peningkatan produksi daging, ayam broiler diusahakan mendapatkan asupan nutrisi yang baik selama pemeliharaan. Ayam broiler memiliki karakteristik ekonomis, dengan ciri khas pertumbuhan cepat sebagai penghasil daging, masa panen pendek dan menghasilkan daging berserat lunak, timbunan daging baik dan dada lebih besar. Probiotik tergolong dalam bahan pakan fungsional yang mengandung mikroba hidup seperti bakteri dan jamur, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesehatan ternak dengan cara memanipulasi komposisi bakteri yang ada dalam saluran pencernaan. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut, nutritionist merekomendasikan peternak menggunakan probiotik sebagai salah satu alternatif dari growth promotor
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Judul: Evaluation of Combined Feeding Probiotics  or Single on Weight Percentage of Giblets and Immunity Organs of Broiler Chicken.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengevaluasi pemberian beberapa jenis probiotik terhadap persentase bobot organ dalam dan organ imunitas ayam broiler. Percobaan ini menggunakan 600 ekor ayam dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri 6 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P1 = Ransum tanpa probiotik, P2 = Ransum + lactibacillus lactis D1813, P3 = Ransum + Bacillus licheniformis D3270, P4 = Ransum + Bacillus licheniformis D3270 +Lactobacilllus lactis D1813, P5= Ransum + Bacillus subtilis (spora), P6 = Ransum + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (spora) Ecobiol. Peubah yang diamati yaitu persentase dari bobot organ dalam, bobot organ imunitas, bobot saluran pencernaan dan panjang relatif saluran pencernaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan probiotik kombinasi maupun individu di dalam ransum ini tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap bobot organ dalam, imunitas dan panjang relatif saluran pencernaan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian probiotik kombinasi maupun individu tidak mengganggu kinerja organ dalam dan imunitas ayam broiler, The objective of the study was to evaluate the supplementation of different probiotics on the percentage of the giblets and immunity organs weight of broilers. The design used in the study used were 600 birds broiler chicken completely randomized design (RAL) with six treatments and five replications. The treatments of broiler rations consisted of P1 = ration without probiotics, P2= ration + lactibacillus lactis D1813, P3= ration + Bacillus licheniformis D3270, P4= Ration + Bacillus licheniformis D3270 + Lactobacilllus lactis D1813, P5=ration + Bacillus subtilis (spore), P6=ration + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (spora) Ecobiol. Variables Observed were the percentage of giblets, immunity organs, the relative length of the digestive tract. The Result of the study was that the addition of single or combined dietary probiotics does not have significant effect on the weight percentage of giblets, immunity organs, and the relative length of digestive tract of broiler chickens. The conclusion of the study was that the addition of single or combined dietary probiotics does not impact on the weight percentage of giblets and immunity organs.
Keyword: broiler, immunity, giblets, growth, probiotics

Judul: : Persamaan Tunggal sebagai Representasi Kurva Komposit
Abstrak: A mathematical method is introduced to represent a composite curve based on an extension of analytic geometry. The representation is given either with a single equation or with two equations, in the case of parametric representation. This method permits the representation of composite curves in similar manner to the conventional representation of non-composite curves. Some mathematical tools, including Heaviside unit step function and periodizer function, are used in the establishment of a single equation. In this paper, regular equations of regular and irregular polygon, as well as composite curves of two dimensions, are implemented using a computer algebraic system, Mathematica.
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