Judul: Kajian Pengaruh Suhu terhadap Densitas dan Sifat Reologi Minyak Sawit Kasar (Crude Palm Oil)
Abstrak: Indonesia is the largest CPO producer in the world. Production of CPO in Indonesia increases in each year. Increasing of CPO production must be balanced with the development of its transportation systems. One of the efficient transportation system of CPO is pipeline transportation. On this pipeline transportation, density and rheology is a crucial parameter for pipeline design calculation and simulation of its momentum transfer process and system. The aim of this research was to get data of the density and rheological properties of CPO on different temperature. The samples used in this research were obtained from four different factories of palm oil in Indonesia. The density was measured by AOCS 1997 method and the rheological properties of CPO was measured by Haake Rotoviscometer RV20 (Karlsruhe, Germany).The results showed that the temperature influenced on density and rheological properties of CPO. Density decreased with increasing of temperature. The flow behavior index (n) increased with increasing temperature but the consistency index (K) and apparent viscosity of CPO decreased with increasing of temperature. Generally, CPO exhibited a pseudoplastic behavior at temperature of 25-40oC and a Newtonian behavior at temperature of 45-55oC.
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Judul: Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Emulsifier terhadap Kestabilan dan Sifat Reologi Emulsi Oil in Water Minyak Sawit Merah
Abstrak: Oil in water (o/w) emulsion are a system where an oil is dispersed in an aqueous phase. Preliminary study was fractionation of red palm oil. This process was hold at 60°C for 10 minutes to obtain olein which used as raw material of oil in water emulsion. Futhermore, an optimal oil in water emulsion formulation was selected from the best water and oil ratio that was blended with several concentration of emulsifier. The ratio of water and oil were 6:4, 7:3, 7,5:2,5 and 8:2. This study used Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), Arabic gum and Tween 80 as emulsifier in various concentrates. The result showed that Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) at 0,55%, 0,60%, 0,65% and 0,70% (w/v) of concentration combined with 6:4 water and oil ratio was optimal o/w emulsions formulation. The optimal formulation were evaluated for emulsion stability (colour, carotene content and droplet size distribution) and rheology properties. The result of emulsion stability indicated that 0,65% and 0,70% (w/v) of CMC concentrations were stabilized. The rheology properties showed that all of optimal o/w emulsions formulation behaved as pseudoplastic (non-newtonian). This study indicated that viscosity of o/w emulsion was significantly affected by heat. However, the stirring on viscosity of o/w emulsions effect could be ignored. Based on stability and rheology evaluation, 0,65% (w/v) of CMC concentration was the best formulation for oil in water red palm oil emulsion.
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Judul: Histerektomi Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Anjing merupakan hewan kesayangan yang banyak dipelihara hampir di setiap rumah, baik sebagai kegemaran maupun untuk keamanan pemiliknya. Histerektomi merupakan suatu tindakan bedah dan pembuangan uterus dengan tujuan untuk menanggulangi hal-hal yang patologik seperti pyometra, distokia yang berkepanjangan dan anaknya diduga masih hidup, adanya tumor uterus serta untuk tindakan fisiologik yaitu sterilisasi untuk mengatur keturunan (Arthur,197S).
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