Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman SNP g.1117G>A Gen HSP70 pada Sapi Pedaging menggunakan Teknik PCR-RFLP
Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki sumber daya genetik ternak (SDGT) yang melimpah, termasuk ternak sapi. Sapi lokal mempunyai potensi produksi yang baik pada kondisi lingkungan yang minimal dan mampu memanfaatkan pakan berkualitas rendah serta mempunyai daya reproduksi yang baik. Daerah tropis sering mengalami perubahan suhu di atas zona nyaman yang mengakibatkan tenak mengalami stres dan dapat berdampak pada produksi dan reproduksi. Salah satu kandidat gen yang mempengaruhi toleransi terhadap heat stres adalah gen Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi polimorfisme SNP g.1117G>A gen HSP70 (HSP70|BanI) menggunakan metode PCR-RFLP. Penelitian ini menggunakan 65 sampel DNA 4 bangsa sapi yang terdiri dari 20 ekor sapi PO, 20 ekor sapi Madura, 12 ekor sapi kuantan dan 13 ekor sapi pesisir yang telah dikoleksi oleh Laboratorium Genetika Molekuler Ternak Fakultas Peternakan IPB. Analisa keragaman gen HSP70 dengan metode PCR-RFLP. Enzim yang digunakan untuk pemotongan adalah BanI primer forward 5'-GAAAGGAAAAAAGAGACAGA-3' dan primer reverse 5'-AATACGCAGGAGTAGGTGGT-3'. Keragaman genetik dari gen HSP70 dianalisis menggunakan frekuensi alel, frekuensi genotipe, derajat heterozigositas. Keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg diuji dengan uji Chi Kuadrat menggunakan aplikasi PopGen 32. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Amplifikasi gen HSP70 terletak di 5’UTR dengan suhu annealing 61 ⁰ C selama 15 detik dengan panjang produk 539 pb. Keragaman gen HSP70 pada bangsa sapi pedaging lokal bersifat polimorfik dengan frekuensi alel G sebesar (0,565) lebih tinggi dibanding frekuensi alel A (0,435)., Indonesia has abundant livestock genetic resources, including cattle. Local cattle have good production potential in minimal environmental conditions and are able to utilize low-quality feed and have good reproductive. The tropics often experience changes in temperature above the comfort zone which causes livestock to experience stress and will have an impact on production and reproduction. One candidate gene that affects tolerance to heat stress is the Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) gene. This study aims to identify the SNP g.1117G>A HSP70 gene polymorphism (HSP70|BanI) using the PCR-RFLP method. This study used 65 DNA samples from 4 breeds of cattle consisting of 20 heads of PO cattle, 20 heads of Madura cattle, 12 heads of Kuantan cattle and 13 heads of Pesisir cattle that have been collected by the Laboratory of Animal Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Animal Science IPB. Analysis of the HSP70 gene diversity was done by using the PCR- RFLP method. The enzyme used for cutting was BanI with forward primer 5'-GAAAGGAAAAAAGAGACAGA-3 'and reverse primers 5'-AATACGCAGGAGTAGGTGGT-3'. The variation of the HSP gene was analyzed using allele frequency, genotype frequency, and degree of heterozygosity. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested by Chi-Square test using PopGen 32 application. The results showed that the HSP70 gene amplification was located at 5’UTR with an annealing temperature of 61 ⁰ C for 15 seconds with a product length of 539 bp. The HSP70 gene in local beef cattle was polymorphic with the allele frequency G (0,565) higher than the A allele frequency (0,435).
Keyword: HSP70, genetic polymorphism, PCR-RFLP, local beef cattle

Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Growth Hormone Receptor Exon 8 (GHR|SspI) pada Sapi Friesian Holstein dengan Metode PCR-RFLP
Abstrak: Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) is one factor affecting animal growth. GHR is required by growth hormone (GH) to carry out its effect on target tissues. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphism of the Growth Hormone Receptor gene in dairy cattle (Holstein Friesian) from BPPT SP Cikole, KPSBU Pasir Kemis, KPSBU Cilumber, BIB Singosari and BBIB Lembang. The gene polymorphism was identified with Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method using SSpI restriction enzyme. Genotyping in this study was performed on 312 animals. The product of amplification was 230 bp. Genotyping the GHR gene produced two alleles (A and T) and three genotypes (AA, AT, TT). Results from the analysis of the allele and genotype frequencies showed that the T allele had a higher frequencies than the A allele and TT genotype had a higher frequencies than AA or AT genotypes from all population. The GHR gene in HF from BPPT SP Cikole, KPSBU Cilumber, and KPSBU Pasir Kemis were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg in HF from BIB Lembang and BBIB Singosari could not be calculated. Heterozigosity value of GHR gene (Ho) were lower than heterozigosity value in HF (He) from BPPT SP Cikole and KPSBU Pasir Kemis. In HF from other population, heterozigosity value of GHR gene (Ho) were higher than heterozigosity value (He). The conclusion was that GHR|SSpI gene in HF from BPPT SP Cikole, KPSBU Pasir Kemis, KPSBU Cilumber, BIB Lembang and BBIB Singosari was polymorphic.
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Judul: Ongkos irregularitas sebuah graf
Abstrak: Tulisan ini mengkaji bagaimana cara mcngubah sualu graf menjadi graf yang irregular, yaitu dengan menambahkan beberapa edge pacta graf asal. Untuk sebuah graf G, didefinisikan ongkos irregularitas ic(G) yaitu jumlah minimum tambahan edge sedemikian sehingga menjadi Multigraf H yang merupakan multigraf G irregular. Akan ditentukan ongkos irregularitas dari graf regular, graf mendekati regular, dan graf mendekati irregular.
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