Judul: Evaluating WRF Nesting Level Configuration in Peatland
Abstrak: Model Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) telah sering digunakan untuk mensimulasikan kondisi meteorologi, namun proses simulasi kondisi meteorologi pada WRF memiliki tantangan tersendiri, terutama konfigurasi nesting level untuk menentukan efektifitas dan efisiensi dari luaran model dan sumber daya komputasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kemampuan nesting level model WRF dalam merepresentasikan parameter meteorologi, yaitu curah hujan dan suhu udara, di lahan gambut Kabupaten Pelalawan, Riau, Indonesia. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan pengaruh konfigurasi nesting level model. Konfigurasi model yang digunakan pada wilayah studi terdiri dari lima tingkat nesting (D01 18 km; D02 6 km; D03 2 km; D04 0,6 km; D05 0,2 km). Koreksi bias dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode gamma quantile mapping untuk curah hujan dan linear scaling untuk suhu udara. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa nilai curah hujan masih kurang ideal bahkan setelah dikoreksi, sehingga dilakukan kategorisasi hari hujan dan hari tidak hujan. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa domain 01 lebih baik dalam mensimulasikan hari hujan, sedangkan domain 03 menunjukkan konsistensi dalam mensimulasikan suhu udara. Telah diamati bahwa penggunaan model WRF pada resolusi yang relatif tinggi tidak selalu memberikan hasil yang akurat., The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been utilized frequently to simulate meteorological conditions, but the process of simulating meteorological conditions in WRF has its own challenges, especially the nesting level configuration to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of model output and computational resources. This study aims to test the nesting levels ability of the WRF model in representing meteorological parameters, namely precipitation and air temperature, in peatlands of Pelalawan Regency, Riau, Indonesia. The evaluation was carried out by considering the effect of the nesting level configuration of the model. Model configuration to study area is comprises of five-level nesting (D01 18km; D02 6km; D03 2km; D04 0.6km; D05 0.2km). Bias correction was performed using the Gamma quantile mapping method for rainfall and Linear scaling for air temperature. The results show that the rainfall value is less than ideal even after correction, so a categorization of rainy days and non-rainy days was performed. The evaluation results show that domain 01 is better in simulating rainy days, while domain 03 shows consistency in simulating air temperature. It has been observed that utilizing the WRF model at relatively high resolutions does not necessarily yield accurate results.
Keyword: WRF, nesting, peatland, temperature, peatland

Judul: Pemanfaatan Model Weather Research and Forecasting Environmental Modeling System (WRF-EMS) untuk Memprediksi Hujan
Abstrak: Numerical models can be used to predict the weather. Numerical model used in this study is a model of Weather Research and Forecasting Environmental Modeling System (WRF-EMS). The purpose of this study is to examine the output prediction of rain on 1 or two days ahead using the WRF-EMS model at 6 weather observations stations and the TRMM Data on 8 initials and boundary conditions, and to examine the output prediction of rain spatially using the WRFEMS model on the initial and boundary conditions that are different. In this study, the configuration of the standard scheme using the WRF-EMS model is maintained; however, the cumulus scheme is changed to the Betts-Miller-Janjic cumulus scheme. The accuracy of rainfall prediction results were assessed by comparing the model results with the rainfall synoptic data and TRMM. The accuracy of the model can also be seen in the range of the threat values score (TS) of rain predicted on the 1 and 2 days later. The result shows that the model predictions of rain using WRF-EMS is good enough to simulate a no-rain events on the island of Sumatra and Kalimantan. This is shown by the results of the rainfall prediction intensity and the data shown on TRMM. The WRF-EMS model can predicts rain in the morning, while the result of the prediction is over estimated in the afternoon and evening. The model can produce a fairly well prediction in the territorial waters of south Sumatra and Java Island. The WRFEMS model has a consistent high TS value at Citeko station and horizontal resolution of 27 and 3 km for the prediction of rain on the next couple of days. The TS value at Citeko weather observation station of the model with a horizontal resolution of 27 km for the prediction of 1 and 2 days in advance of each ranged from 0 – 0.33, and 0 – 0.30, while the TS value of the model with a horizontal resolution of 3 km for rainfall predictions 1 and 2 days in advance each ranged from 0.17 to 0.75 and 0.38 - 0.63. The increased of horizontal resolution from 27 km to 3 km can also increase the value of TS. This indicates that the model with a horizontal resolution of 3 km is more accurate for predicting rain compared to the model horizontal resolution of 27 km. The rainfall prediction was spatially over estimated when using the WRF-EMS Model, and this model is more sensitive in predicting rain at Citeko Station.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), over-estimated, threat score, a model WRF-EMS, cumulus scheme Betts-Miller-Janjic

Judul: Granular venereal disease ( GVD ) lepuh kecil pada vagina sapi teori terbentuknya dan cara pengobatannya
Abstrak: Isseponi pada tahun 1887 (dalam Williams, W.L. 1950) pertama sekali menemukan penyakit ini dengan mengamati ada nya lepuh-lepuh atau nodul dan peradangan pada mukosa vulva dan menduga merupakan penyebab terjadinya ketidak suburan dan abortus pada sapi. Sedang beberapa ahli menyatakan bahwa GVD bukan merupakan penyebab terjadinya ketidak suburan dan abortus, hanya kemungkinan adanya infeksi sekunder yang menyebabkan terjadinya sterilitas dan abortus. Sampai sekarang agen penyebab penyakit ini masih belum diketahui dengan pasti, ada yang menyatakan disebabkan oleh virus, bakteri, protozoa ataupun micoplasma. - Masa inkubasi penyakit 2 sampai 3 minggu dan dapat berjalan kronis dan ringan tanpa menimbulkan gangguan dan dapat juga berlangsung akut dan parah. Sering penyakit ini dapat sembuh sendiri tanpa diketahui pemunculannya lebih dahulu sehingga pemilik ternak tidak mengetahui hewannya pernah terserang penyakit Venereal Granular ini. Penularan paling sering terjadi melalui perkawinan alam dimana sapi-sapi jantan dapat berperan sebagai penye bar penyakit ke sapi-sapi betina lain. ...
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