Judul: Identikasi Bakteri Gram Positif pada Primata di Kebun Binatang Bukittinggi dan Uji Resistansi Antibiotik pada Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus
Abstrak: Bakteri Gram positif merupakan jenis bakteri yang berpotensi menyebabkan infeksi pada saluran pencernaan seperti diare. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi penyakit tersebut dengan pemberian antibiotik. Penggunaan antibiotik yang terlalu banyak dapat menyebabkan terjadinya resistansi antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri Gram positif dari sampel feses berbagai jenis primata di Kebun Binatang Bukittinggi sebagai kawasan konservasi ex-situ, serta mengetahui antibiotik yang telah resistan pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Metode penelitian terdiri dari koleksi sampel, isolasi, identifikasi, dan uji resistansi antibiotik. Hasil isolasi dan identifikasi ditemukan sebanyak lima belas isolat bakteri primata yang berasal dari orang utan, owa ungko, siamang dan lutung berhasil teridentifikasi lima bakteri, yaitu Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus sp., Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, dan Bacillus sp.. Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus yang berasal dari sampel feses lutung mengalami resistasi terhadap antibiotik ampisilin dan amoksisilin.
Keyword: Gram positive bacteria, primates, antibiotic resistance, Staphylococcus aureus

Judul: Identification and Pattern of Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas spp. Isolated from Orangutan (Pongo Pygmaeus) at Bogor Indonesia Safari Park
Abstrak: Pseudomonas spp. is a lactose-negative gram-negative bacteria that contributes to several infections including air sacculitis in orangutans due to its having the largest air sac compared to most nonhuman primates. This research was designed to study and analyze the identification and the pattern of antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas spp. Identification of Pseudomonas includes KOH 3% test, oxidase test, TSIA test, urea test, IMViC test Indole, Methyl-Red, Voges-Proskauer, and Citrate) and carbohydrate fermentation test. Pattern of antibiotic resistance includes five different types of antibiotics from different antibiotic classes which are ampicillin from β- lactam, gentamicin from aminoglycoside, tetracycline from tetracycline, enrofloxacin from fluoroquinolone, and chloramphenicol from phenicol class. As the results, identification of Pseudomonas spp. showed three suspected isolates of Pseudomonas spp. Patterns of antibiotic resistance was carried out by using Kirby-Baurer method which uses agar disk diffusion resulted in two of the isolates that were mostly similar in pattern, resistant to only ampicillin and are sensitive towards tetracycline, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin meanwhile the other one of the isolate differ, resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, and chloramphenicol and is sensitive towards gentamicin. In conclusion, feces samples of orangutans revealed three suspected Pseudomonas spp. and showed resistance on ampicillin and sensitive to gentamicin. The study of antibiotic resistance patterns is crucial for future antibiotic selection.
Keyword: antibiotic resistance, gram-negative bacteria, Kirby-Baurer method, Pseudomonas spp.

Judul: : Persamaan Tunggal sebagai Representasi Kurva Komposit
Abstrak: A mathematical method is introduced to represent a composite curve based on an extension of analytic geometry. The representation is given either with a single equation or with two equations, in the case of parametric representation. This method permits the representation of composite curves in similar manner to the conventional representation of non-composite curves. Some mathematical tools, including Heaviside unit step function and periodizer function, are used in the establishment of a single equation. In this paper, regular equations of regular and irregular polygon, as well as composite curves of two dimensions, are implemented using a computer algebraic system, Mathematica.
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