Judul: Produktivitas Tenaga Pengarit dan  Komposisi Hij auan  Pakan Domestik di Petemakan Sapi Perah Pondok Ranggon,  Kecamatan Cipayung, Jakarta Timur
Abstrak: Pondok Ranggon farm is one of the dairy farms in Jakarta where the pattern of availability forage depending onnatural pastures. The aim of this experiment were to analyze labor productivity of grass seekers and to identify the composition of domestic forage in the dairy farm of Pondok Ranggon. This experiment used descriptive analysis, composition of botany and Nell and Rollinson method. The result showed that the capacity of grass seekers influenced by body weight, age and experience of cutting. The result showed, the highest capacity of cutting obtained by grass seekers in the age of 40 years old. Composition of forage consist of 52.63% grasses, 15.79% legumes and 31.58% rumbah. The most frequent type of grass that used were Imperata cylindrica (LINN.) P.Beauv., Pennisetum polystachyon (L.) Schult., and Panicum maximum Jacq. Type of legumes that often used was Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. and the types of rumbah that most commonly used were Asystasia coromodeliana Ness., Biden pilosa L. and Lantana camara L.
Keyword: composition of forage, cutting, grass, leaves, legume

Judul: Potensi dan Tingkat Keragaman Hijauan Pakan Domestik Berdasarkan Ketinggian Kawasan dalam Mendukung Usaha Peternakan Sapi di Kabupaten Malang
Abstrak: Malang Regency has an area from the coast up to the mountains and became one of centers the cattle farm in East Java with the patterns of forage availability depending on natural grass. The aim of this experiment were to analyze the potential diversity, habitat vegetation and the characteristics of availability on different altitude of areas. This experiment used survey method and observation with descriptive analysis, composition of botany, and diversity analysis. The results showed that altitude of areas increased the capacity of grass cutting, granting of forage, land productivity, and forage species. The composition of forage in Bandungrejo village was predominantly Paspalum conjugatum Berg. 16.92%, in Ngembal village was Digitaria nuda Schuamcher. with 20.08%, and Gubug Klakah village was Ageratum conyzoides L. 20.43%. The similarity index between Bandungrejo and Ngembal villages was 31.58%, Ngembal and Gubug Klakah village as 27.91%, while Bandungrejo and Gubug Klakah village as 25.64%.
Keyword: forage diversity, composition of botany, cattle, altitude

Judul: Analysis of the Relationship between Local Currency Settlement (LCS), Exchange Rate, and Total Trade of Indonesia to Malaysia and Thailand in 2018-2021
Abstrak: Dolar Amerika Serikat (USD) mendominasi hampir seluruh pembayaranperdagangan internasional. Salah satu cara yang dilakukan Bank Indonesia untukmempermudah transaksi bilateral sekaligus mengurangi dominasi dolar AmerikaSerikat (USD) adalah dengan melakukan Local Currency Settlement (LCS). Salah duadari negara yang telah melakukan kerja sama LCS dengan Indonesia adalah Malaysiadan Thailand. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kausalitas antaravariabel Local Currency Settlement (LCS), Nilai Tukar terhadap dolar AmerikaSerikat, dan Perdagangan Bilateral antara Indonesia-Malaysia dan Indonesia-Thailand. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Vector Auto Regression(VAR). Penelitian menggunakan data tahun 2018m2 hingga 2021m7. Hasil penelitianini menunjukkan bahwa variabel LCS memiliki hubungan kausalitas satu arah dengantotal perdagangan Malaysia-Thailand namun tidak memiliki hubungan kausalitas dengan nilai tukar terhadap dolar. Nilai tukar memiliki hubungan kausalitas satu arahdengan total perdagangan Malaysia-Thailand .
Keyword: VAR, Causality Relationship, LCS, Exchange Rates, Trade