Judul: Fermentabilitas dan Kecernaan Ransum Sapi Perah Mengandung Kedelai Terproteksi Autoclave, NFC Jagung, dan Suplementasi Sulfur
Abstrak: Peningkatan produksi susu dapat dilakukan dengan cara memperbaiki ransum sapi perah. Ransum dengan kedelai terproteksi, NFC (Non Fiber Carbohydrate) jagung, dan suplemntasi sulfur dapat memaksimalkan ketersediaan protein bagi ternak ruminansia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi fermentabilitas dan kecernaan ransum sapi perah mengandung kedelai terproteksi autoclave, NFC jagung, dan suplementasi sulfur. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari lima perlakuan yang terdiri dari ransum tanpa jagung dan kedelai (R1), ransum dengan jagung tanpa kedelai (R2), ransum dengan jagung dan kedelai (R3), ransum dengan jagung dan kedelai terproteksi autoclave (R4), serta ransum dengan jagung, kedelai terproteksi autoclave bersuplementasi sulfur (R5) dan empat kelompok berdasarkan pengambilan cairan rumen. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dengan SPSS versi 25 dan jika berpengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut kontras ortogonal. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ransum perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0.05) terhadap pH rumen, populasi protozoa, KCBK dan KCBO, namun berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) terhadap peningkatan konsentrasi amonia pada ransum R3 dan menurunkan konsentrasi amonia pada ransum R4 dan R5, serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan konsentrasi VFA dan bakteri total pada ransum R4 dan R5. Penambahan jagung, kedelai, dan kedelai terproteksi autoclave tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai pH, jumlah populasi protozoa, KCBK, dan KCBO. Ransum dengan penambahan kedelai terproteksi autoclave, NFC jagung, dan suplementasi sulfur merupakan ransum terbaik yang dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi VFA total, populasi bakteri total, serta memiliki tingkat kecernaan ransum yang sama dengan ransum kedelai tak terproteksi., Increasing milk production can be done by improving the ration of dairy cows. Ration with protected soybeans by autoclave, NFC (Non Fiber Carbohydrate) by corn, and sulfur supplementation can maximize the availability of protein for ruminants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fermentability and digestibility of dairy rations containing protected soybeans by autoclave, NFC by corn, and sulfur supplementation. This study used a randomized block design consisting of five treatments consisting of rations without corn and soybeans (R1), rations with corn without soybeans (R2), rations with corn and soybeans (R3), rations with corn and protected soybeans by autoclave (R4), and rations with corn, protected soybeans by autoclave, and sulfur supplementation (R5) and four groups based on rumen fluid intake. The data were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method with SPSS version 25 and if it had a significant effect, it was continued with an orthogonal contrast test. Based on the results of the ration analysis, the treatment had no significant effect (P>0.05) on rumen pH, the population of protozoa, dry matter digestibility (DMD), and organic matter digestibility (OMD), but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on increasing the concentration of ammonia in the R3 ration and reducing the ammonia concentration in the R4 and R5 ration, and it was significantly increased the concentration of VFA and total bacteria in the R4 and R5 ration. The addition of corn, soybeans, and soybeans protected by autoclave did not significantly affect the pH value, the total population of protozoa, DMD, and OMD. Ration with the addition of protected soybeans by autoclave, NFC by corn, and sulfur supplementation was the best ration that could increase
Keyword: Autoclave, Corn, NFC, Soybean, Sulfur

Judul: Fermentability and Digestibility of Spray Drying-Protected High PUFA-Containing Vegetable Oil in Dairy Cow Rations In Vitro
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji penambahan minyak nabati kaya PUFA terproteksi dengan metode pengeringan semprot pada ransum sapi perah secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAK faktorial 3×4 dengan 3 kelompok sebagai ulangan. Faktor yang diuji meliputi jenis minyak (M) yaitu minyak jagung (M1), minyak biji bunga matahari (M2), minyak wijen (M3) dan taraf pemberian (T) yaitu T0-T3 berturut-turut sebesar 0% (kontrol), 1%, 2%, dan 3%. Parameter yang diuji meliputi pH, populasi protozoa dan bakteri total, konsentrasi NH3 dan VFA total, serta KcBK dan KcBO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya interaksi antara jenis minyak dan taraf pemberian terhadap seluruh parameter yang diuji. Jenis minyak dan taraf pemberian tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap nilai pH dan KcBO. Jenis minyak berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) dalam meningkatkan populasi bakteri total dan konsentrasi VFA total, sedangkan taraf pemberian berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) dalam meningkatkan konsentrasi VFA total serta menurunkan populasi protozoa dan bakteri total, konsentrasi NH3, dan KcBK. Pemberian minyak jagung mampu meningkatkan populasi bakteri total serta konsentrasi VFA total dengan taraf optimal hingga 2%., This study aimed to test the addition of vegetable oil rich in protected PUFAs by spray drying method in dairy cow rations in vitro. This study used a 3×4 factorial Randomized Group Design with 3 groups as replicates. The factors tested were the type of oil (M), consisting of corn oil (M1), sunflower seed oil (M2), sesame oil (M3) and the level of use (T), consisting T0-T3 at 0% (control), 1%, 2%, and 3%. Parameters tested included pH, protozoa and total bacteria populations, total NH3 and VFA concentrations, dry matter and organic matter digestibility. The results showed no interaction between the type of oil and the level of use on all parameters tested. Oil type and level of use had no significant effect (P>0.05) on pH value and organic matter digestibility. Oil type significantly (P<0.05) increased total bacterial population and total VFA concentration, while the level of use had a significantly (P<0.05) increased total VFA concentration and decresed protozoa population, total bacterial population, NH3 concentration, and dry matter digestibility. The addition of corn oil increased the total bacterial population and total VFA concentration with an optimal level of up to 2%.
Keyword: digestibility, fermentability, in vitro, protection, vegetable oil

Judul: : Persamaan Tunggal sebagai Representasi Kurva Komposit
Abstrak: A mathematical method is introduced to represent a composite curve based on an extension of analytic geometry. The representation is given either with a single equation or with two equations, in the case of parametric representation. This method permits the representation of composite curves in similar manner to the conventional representation of non-composite curves. Some mathematical tools, including Heaviside unit step function and periodizer function, are used in the establishment of a single equation. In this paper, regular equations of regular and irregular polygon, as well as composite curves of two dimensions, are implemented using a computer algebraic system, Mathematica.
Keyword: