Judul: Stabilitas Mikrokapsul Ketoprofen dengan Penyalut Kitosan-Alginat
Abstrak: Drug preparations for stability test has been done in previous research, with composition of chitosan 1.75% (w/v), alginate 0.625% (w/v), glutaraldehyde 4.5% (v/v), and ketoprofen 0.8% (w/v), added with Tween 80 of three levels (1, 2, 3 %). All mixtures were shook under three different times (1, 2, 3 hours). As a new drug preparation, the stability of ketoprofen microcapsule need to be studied. The purpose is to measure the resistance of the coat during storage and use. The stability was tested using accelerated method in climatic chamber under 40±2 °C and relative humidity of 75±5 % in 3 months. The parameter was measured every week included moisture content by using moisture analyzer and ketoprofen content using ultraviolet spectrophotometer at wavelength 254.7 nm. All nine formulas showed high (>10%) and fluctuating moisture content while ketoprofen content was decreasing following different reaction kinetics model for each formula, formula 1 and 2 followed second order, formula 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 followed kinetics Avrami-Erofeev model, and formula 8 followed Prout-Tompkins kinetics model. Microcapsules of formula 8 added with Tween 80 3% and shook for 2 hours, was relatively the best, with ketoprofen content percentage still coated after 3 months, degradation rate constant, and shelf life of 91.47%, 0.0875 week-1, and 14.01 week, respectively. The degradation of ketoprofen presumably follow autocatalytic reaction mechanism controlled by formation and growth of reaction core.
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Judul: In Vitro Release of Ibuprofen from Microcapsules Coated Polyblend of Poly(lactic acid) and Poly(ε-caprolactone)
Abstrak: Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory drug that has a short biological half-life and imposes adverse gastrointestinal reaction. Microencapsulation could be used to minimize its disadvantages. In this experiment, microencapsulation of ibuprofen was done by emulsification method. Coating material which was used were polyblend of poly(lactic acid) and poly(ε-caprolactone) which are biodegradable and biocompatible. Polyvinylalcohol was used as an emulsifier at concentrations of 1.5%. The microencapsulation was carried out with various quantities of ibuprofen. The increase in quantities of ibuprofen would improve encapsulation efficiency. Encapsulation of ibuprofen showed an efficiency of more than 71% with the highest score of 84.13% in microcapsule with ratio of polyblend-ibuprofen 5:1.5. The dissolution test results in basic medium showed that the encapsulation efficiencies affected ibuprofen release from the microcapsule. Microcapsules with the higest encapsulation efficiency released ibuprofen ranged from 26.71 to 28.78% for 6 hours. Kinetic of ibuprofen release followed first order kinetic model. The microcapsules particle sizes ranged from 38 to 250 μm.
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Judul: Rencana Pengelolaan Lanskap Kebun Raya Toledo, Ohio, Amerika Serikat
Abstrak: Kebun raya (atau bisa juga disebut kebun botani, taman botani) adalah suatu area kebun yang ditanami berbagai jenis tumbuhan yang ditujukan terutama untuk keperluan koleksi tanaman sebagai tempat penelitian dan pendidikan. Selain itu, kebun raya juga kerap kali digunakan sebagai sarana wisata bagi pengunjung. Kebun Raya merupakan tempat yang sangat sesuai untuk melakukan kegiatan magang dalam bidang pengelolaan lanskap. Jika ditinjau dari segi tujuan, kegiatan magang ini memiliki dua tujuan, yaitu: tujuan umum dan tujuan khusus. Secara umum, kegiatan magang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan pengalaman profesi, memperluas wawasan, dan mengasah keahlian dalam mempelajari fungsi lanskap kebun raya. Secara khusus, kegiatan magang dilakukan untuk mempelajari dan mengevaluasi proses pengelolaan lanskap kebun raya serta untuk mengevaluasi dan mengenalisis berbagai masalah yang muncul di lapangan.
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