Judul: Residu Antibiotika pada Susu di Malaysia : Sebuah Tinjauan
Abstrak: Antibiotic residue in milk products is a major public health concern as it can pose a risk to human health and contribute to antibiotic resistance. Milk from cows treated with antibiotics may contain residues of the drugs, which can persist through the milk production process and end up in the final milk products. The consumption of these products can lead to adverse health effects, including allergic reactions and the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in humans. There are regulatory frameworks in place in many countries, including the establishment of Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for antibiotics in milk, withdrawal periods for antibiotics, testing and surveillance programs to detect and prevent antibiotic residues in milk products. However, challenges remain in enforcing these regulations and ensuring compliance among dairy farmers and milk processors. There is also a need for further research to better understand the long-term health effects of consuming milk products with antibiotic residues, as well as the development of new methods for detecting and monitoring antibiotic residues in milk. Overall, the prevention and control of antibiotic residue in milk products is essential for protecting public health and combating the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Keyword: antibiotic, milk, residue, cows

Judul: Deteksi Residu Antibiotik dalam Susu Segar yang Digunakan sebagai Bahan Baku Utama Pembuatan Keju
Abstrak: Antimicrobial drugs have been used in dairy industry for more than five decades. Dairy herd health is closely associated with milk production and economic sustainability. Therefore, maintenance of herd health is closely dependent upon disease prevention and therapeutic drug use for a range of diseases. The presence of antibiotic residues in milk is a public health issue. The purpose of the present study ware to know the relationships of farmer characteristics and antibiotic residues presence in raw milk, wich used as cheese production. Farmer characteristics (age, education, breeding time, training, and number of lactating cows) were used to find the relationship between the farmer’s knowledge and the presence of antibiotic residues in raw milk. The yoghurt tests method was used to figure out the existence of antibiotic residues in raw milk as the basic material for making cheese. Eighteen raw milk samples were taken from three farmer groups that supply the milk to the cheese factory in Sukabumi. Yoghurt test showed that the milk from group A did not contain antibiotic residues, while the milk from group B and C contained antibiotic residues. Farmer characteristics indicating significant correlation with antibiotic residues presence were farmer’s education and number of lactating cows.
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Judul: : Persamaan Tunggal sebagai Representasi Kurva Komposit
Abstrak: A mathematical method is introduced to represent a composite curve based on an extension of analytic geometry. The representation is given either with a single equation or with two equations, in the case of parametric representation. This method permits the representation of composite curves in similar manner to the conventional representation of non-composite curves. Some mathematical tools, including Heaviside unit step function and periodizer function, are used in the establishment of a single equation. In this paper, regular equations of regular and irregular polygon, as well as composite curves of two dimensions, are implemented using a computer algebraic system, Mathematica.
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