Judul: Biaya Eksternal dan Willingness to Accept Masyarakat Akibat Eksternalitas Negatif Pabrik Gula Rafinasi Kabupaten Lampung Selatan
Abstrak: The increase in population effects the demand of sugar. This has led to positive and negative externalities. This research uses qualitative descriptive analysi, loss of earnings method, Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), and multiple linear regression. The example research is purposive sampling. The result shows that the negative externatilies that most imposed on society is degradation of groundwater’s quantity and quality along with degradation of river water quality. This negative externalities caused the society to spend IDR9,176,115,390 of external costs every month. Average WTA value on respondent that owned dried and contaminated well is IDR256,757 per month per patriarch and IDR341,538 per month per patriarch for respondent that owned rice field near the river and cattle which consumed the river water. Several factors that influence respondent’s WTA value for dried and contaminated well: job as farmer, job as breeder, other job, amount of loss, age, income, and water taste, whereas for respondent that owned rice field near the river and cattle: dependent amount, long in stay, job as farmer, job as breeder, amount of loss, age, income, dan water smell.
Keyword: willingness to accept, refined sugar factory, negative externalities, external cost, estimation

Judul: Estimation of Economic Loss due to the Pollution  of Paper Industry Waste (Case study: Tengkurak Village, Tirtayasa Sub district,  Serang, Banten)
Abstrak: Industri kertas merupakan industri andalan baik pasar domestik maupun pasar ekspor dimana industri kertas dapat memberikan kontrubusi PDB. Namun, industri kertas dapat memberikan dampak negatif apabila limbah industri tidak bisa dikelola dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji eksternalitas negatif akibat limbah industri kertas dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif, mengestimasi besarnya biaya eksternal yang ditanggung masyarakat dengan menggunakan cost of illness, replacement cost, dan loss of earnings, mengestimasi besarnya nilai kompensasi yang bersedia diterima masyarakat dengan menggunakan Contingent Valuation Method, dan menganalisis faktor faktor yang memengaruhi besarnya kompensasi masyarakat dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksternalitas negatif yang dirasakan masyarakat adalah penurunan kualitas air sungai dan kualitas air tanah. Rata-rata biaya eksternal yang harus ditanggung responden sebesar Rp 191 341 182.6/kepala keluarga/tahun. Dugaan nilai rataan willingness to accept responden sebesar Rp 3 645 454.2/kepala keluarga/tahun. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi besarnya nilai willingness to accept responden yaitu usia, pendidikan, pendapatan, jarak dengan sungai, jumlah tanggungan, lama tinggal, total kerugian ekonomi, persepsi kualitas air, dan dummy jenis kelamin.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, Compensation, External cost, Paper industry, Export markets, Paper industry waste, Water quality, Total economic loss

Judul: Studi Komparatif Saluran Pencernaan Parkit (Melopsittacus undulatus) dengan tinjauan Khusus terhadap Fungsi Tembolok (Telaah Pustaka)
Abstrak: The structure of the digestive tract of Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) is generally the same as the digestive tract of the other avian, which is cranially start by a pair of beaks down to ventrocaudal and ends by the cloaca. The characteristics of the digestive tract of Budgerigar are in form of its beaks, tongue, crop, stomach, and intestine, which are adapted with the type of food intake. Crop (ingluvies) is an expansible ventral wall of oesophagus with its function as storage and softening chamber. Budgerigar's crop also has the function for softening and regurgitating pellets or food for their young.
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