Judul: Serangan cendawan pascapanen dan kontaminasi aflatoksin pada kacang tanah di beberapa pasar tradisional di Kabupaten Wonogiri dan Kota Solo Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Informasi serangan cendawan dan kontaminasi aflatoksin pada biji kacang tanah mentah di pasar tradisional adalah penting, karena jenis kacang tanah tersebut merupakan bahan baku berbagai produk pangan yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat seperti bumbu pecel, bumbu gado-gado, bumbu sate dan lain-lain. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui persentase butir kacang tanah mentah yang terserang cendawan dan kandungan aflatoksin B₁ pada 54 sampel kacang tanah yang diperoleh dari pengecer di beberapa pasar tradisional di kabupaten Wonogiri dan kota Solo, Jawa Tengah di musim hujan pada bulan Februari 2003. Analisis kadar air dilakukan dengan metode oven pada suhu 103°C selama 3 jam. Analisis kualitas fisik butir dilakukan dengan cara memisahkan butir utuh, keriput dan rusak. Butir rusak meliputi butir retak, patah, terserang serangga atau cendawan dan berubah warna. Isolasi cendawan dilakukan dengan metode penanaman langsung menggunakan media Aspergillus Flavus and Parasiticus Agar untuk mengisolasi Aspergillus fiavus dan media Dichloran 18% Glycerol Agar untuk mengisolasi cendawan pascapanen lain. Kandungan aflatoksin B, dianalisis dengan metode Enzym Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Kadar air kacang tanah dari kabupaten Wonogiri (10.7%) dan dari kota Solo (11.0%) lebih tinggi dari kadar air yang aman untuk disimpan (8-9%). Persentase butir utuh, keriput dan rusak kacang tanah dari kabupaten Wonogiri masing-masing adalah 64.2, 7.1 dan 28.7%, sedangkan dari kota Solo masing-masing adalah 62.8, 7.2 dan 30.0%. Sebanyak 18 dan 15 spesies cendawan terisolasi masing- masing dari kabupaten Wonogiri dan kota Solo. Aspergillus flavus adalah cendawan yang dominan pada kacang tanah dari kabupaten Wonogiri maupun kota Solo dengan persentase sampel yang terserangan 96.3 dan 100%. Kandungan aflatoksin B₁ yang lebih dari 15 ppb pada sampel kacang tanah dari kabupaten Wonogiri dan kota Solo masing-masing adalah 40.7 dan 29.9%. Pada tahun 1999 Codex Alimentarius Commission menetapkan kandungan afiatoksin total pada kacang tanah yang akan diproses adalah 15 ppb.
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Judul: Populasi Aspergillus flavus dan Kandungan Aflatoksin B1 pada Biji Kacang Tanah Mentah dan Produk Olahannya di Kecamatan Bogor Tengah, Kotamadya Bogor
Abstrak: This study was a survey to get information on the population of A. flavus and aflatoxin B1 content of raw peanut kernels collected randomly from retailers in two traditional markets (Pasar Anyar and Pasar Bogor) and five processed peanut products collected from retailers in Kecamatan Bogor Tengah, Municipality of Bogor. Physical quality of peanut kernels was only determined in raw peanut kernel samples. A total of 155 samples were collected. They consisted of 26 samples of raw peanut kernels and 129 samples of processed peanut products. As much as 14 and 12 samples of raw peanut kernels were collected from Pasar Anyar and Pasar Bogor, respectively. Processed peanut product samples consisted of roasted peanuts with skin pod (33 samples), flour-coated peanuts (33), siomay sauce (18), pecel/gado-gado sauce (33), and sate sauce (12). The highest percentage of intact kernels (70.6%) and the lowest percentage of damaged kernels (17.1%) were found in raw peanut kernels collected from Pasar Anyar. The highest percentage of shriveled kernels (12.7%) was found in raw peanut kernels collected from Pasar Bogor. Population of A. flavus in raw peanut kernels was much higher than that of in processed peanut products. Population of A. flavus in raw peanut kernels, roasted peanuts with skin pod, flour-coated peanuts, siomay sauce, pecel/gado-gado sauce, and sate sauce were 4 865.8, 0.3, 0.1, 0.3, 13.2, and 0.4 cfu/g (w. b.), respectively. The aflatoxin B1 content of raw peanut kernels was 43.2 ppb. The highest aflatoxin B1 content of processed peanut products (43.2 ppb) was found in roasted peanuts with skin pod, followed by flour-coated peanuts (34.3), sate sauce (23.2), pecel/gado-gado sauce (17.1), and siomay sauce (4.4).
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Judul: Penjadwalan dokter kamar darurat di RSCM menggunakan pemrograman linear integer
Abstrak: At an emergency unit of a hospital are generally posted several physicians for 24 hours for each and every day. The management unit of an emergency room usually has to deal with schedulling problem of physicians with time constraint of availability. This scheduling problem can be modeled as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem. ILP is an optimization problem with linear objective function, linear constraints, and integer variables. Scheduling problem is formulated in an optimization model, where the objective function is to minimize the operational cost of emergency room with the following constraints: (i) the time availability of physicians, (ii) the balanced work load for every physicians, (iii) holiday and dayoff determination of each physician. This paper discusses the schedulling of an emergency room’s physicians problem in the form of ILP, with a case study at Emergency Unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM), Jakarta. The model is solved using Lingo 8.0 software. The solution obtained using ILP scheduling method is found to be more balanced than the corresponding solution using conventional method.
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