Judul: Karakteristik Kepemimpinan Lokal dan Pemberdayaan Petani Subak di Bali
Abstrak: This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of effective local leadership in empowering farmers Subak in Bali. The Chairman of Kepaon Subak in the lead is influenced by cultural aspects. The cultural aspect is based Tri Hita Karana according to philosophical Hinduism. The cultural aspects affect aspects of leadership chairman Kepaon Subak. Aspects of leadership which is owned chairman Kepaon Subak to empower farmers Kepaon Subak not enough just to rely on the knowledge of irrigation in accordance with the cultural aspects. The characteristics of chief Kepaon Subak as intelligence, ability to communicate, and ideals have not been fully able to make Kepaon Subak farmers become empowered. The leadership characteristics of chief Kepaon Subak that can empower Kepaon Subak farmers in argue is intelligence only. Intelligence itself is only able to empower a peasant farmer while tenant farmer owner is not the case. It can be said that the characteristic of chief Kepaon Subak has not been able to empower farmers .
Keyword: cultural aspects, aspects of leadership, leadership characteristics chairman Subak, Subak farmer empowerment

Judul: The Influence of Chief’s Leadership Style on the Efectivity of Farmer Group in Pangkal Jaya Village, Nanggung Sub-distrcit, Bogor Disctrit
Abstrak: Dalam mengelola sebuah kelompok, diperlukan seorang ketua untuk mengajak anggota mencapai tujuan bersama. Gaya kepemimpinan ketua menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas kelompok tani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik individu petani dan kepemimpinan ketua terhadap efektivitas kelompok tani. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Pangkal Jaya, Kecamatan Nanggung, Kabupaten Bogor. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini yaitu 70 responden yang ditentukan dengan proportional random sampling. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan metode SEM-PLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok tani di Desa Pangkal Jaya memiliki tingkat efektivitas yang tinggi. Karakteristik individu secara keseluruhan memiliki pengaruh yang tidak signifikan terhadap efektivitas kelompok tani. Kepemimpinan partisipatif memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan hanya terhadap kemampuan bekerja kelompok dan kepemimpinan orientasi prestasi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kepuasan anggota, kemampuan bekerja kelompok, dan produktivitas kelompok., In managing a group, a leader is needed to influence members to achieve common goals. The chairman’s leadership style is a factor that influences the effectiveness of farmer groups. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of individual farmer characteristics and the leader's leadership on the effectiveness of farmer groups. This research was conducted at Pangkal Jaya Village, Nanggung District, Bogor Regency. The number of respondents in this research is 70 respondents who were determined by proportional random sampling. The data obtained was then processed and analyzed using the SEM-PLS method. The research results show that farmer groups in Pangkal Jaya have a high level of effectiveness. Individual characteristics have an insignificant influence on the effectiveness of farmer groups.Participative leadership has a significant influence only on group work ability and achievement-oriented leadership has a significant influence on member satisfaction, group work ability and group productivity.
Keyword: farmer group, group effectiveness, leadership style

Judul: Studi histopatologi organ limpa hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) yang Diinfeksi Coxiella burnetii
Abstrak: Query fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii). The aim of this research was to determine the histopathological changes of spleen of hamster (Mesoscricetus auratus) which were infected by C. burnetii using Haematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods. This research used 6 hamsters which were devided into two passage. The histopathological examination picture with HE staining of first passage in hamsters showed relatively similar results with those the second passage such as red pulp hemorrhage and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Histopathological observation of spleen from first passage hamster by using IHC staining showed the positivity was unclear compared to the second passage hamster.
Keyword: Coxiella burnetii, Immunohistochemistry, Query Fever