Judul: Application of Monospecies Synbiotic and Multispecies for Prevention of Aeromonas hydrophila Bacterial Infection in Sangkuriang Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Abstrak: Penyakit bakterial yang mengancam peningkatan produksi ikan lele salah satunya disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Penggunaan sinbiotik yang merupakan kombinasi probiotik dan prebiotik menjadi alternatif untuk pencegahan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh probiotik Bacillus cereus BR2 dengan prebiotik madu (sinbiotik monospesies), probiotik Staphylococcus lentus L1k dengan prebiotik madu (sinbiotik monospesies), probiotik B. cereus BR2 dan S. lentus L1k dengan prebiotik madu (sinbiotik multispesies) yang diberikan melalui pakan untuk pencegahan infeksi A. hydrophila pada ikan lele sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus). Ikan uji dengan bobot awal (17,43 ± 0,22) g dipelihara selama 30 hari dan diberi pakan suplementasi, kemudian diuji tantang dengan bakteri A. hydrophila selama tujuh hari. Penelitian ini terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu perlakuan A (BR2 1% + madu 0,5% + diuji tantang), B (L1k 1% + madu 0,5% + diuji tantang), C (BR2 0,5% + L1k 0,5% + madu 0,5% + diuji tantang), kontrol positif (tanpa probiotik dan prebiotik + diuji tantang), dan kontrol negatif (tanpa probiotik dan prebiotik + tanpa diuji tantang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sinbiotik monospesies dan multispesies mampu meningkatkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup, kinerja pertumbuhan, dan respons imun ikan lele untuk pencegahan infeksi A. hydrophila dengan hasil terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan sinbiotik multispesies., One of the bacterial diseases that threaten the increase in catfish production is Aeromonas hydrophila. The used of synbiotics which is a combination of probiotics and prebiotics is an alternative for disease prevention. This study aimed to examine the effect of probiotic Bacillus cereus BR2 with prebiotic honey (monospecies synbiotic), probiotic Staphylococcus lentus L1k with prebiotic honey (monospecies synbiotic), probiotic B. cereus BR2 and S. lentus L1k with prebiotic honey (multispecies synbiotic) through feed for the prevention of A. hydrophila bacterial infection to sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The fish size (17,43 ± 0,22) g were reared for 30 days and given supplementary feed, then challenged with A. hydrophila bacteria for seven days. This study consisted of five treatments and three replications i.e. treatment A (BR2 1% + honey 0,5% + challenged), B (L1k 1% + honey 0,5% + challenged), C (BR2 0,5% + L1k 0,5% + honey 0,5% + challenged), positive control (without probiotics and prebiotics + challenged), and negative control (without probiotics and prebiotics + no challenged). The results showed that monospecies and multispecies synbiotic could increase survival rate, growth performance, and immune respons of catfish to prevent of A. hydrophila infection with the best result found in the multispecies synbiotic treatment.
Keyword: Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus BR2, Clarias gariepinus, Madu, Staphylococcus lentus L1k

Judul: Isolation, Selection, and Identifcation of Potential Probiotic Candidate Bacteria to Inhibiting Pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila
Abstrak: Aeromonas hydrophila merupakan bakteri patogen penyebab penyakit Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS) yang menyerang ikan air tawar. Salah satu solusi pengendalian penyakit MAS adalah melalui aplikasi probiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan isolat kandidat probiotik potensial terbaik dari benih ikan lele Sangkuriang dan lingkungan budidayanya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 9 perlakuan isolat bakteri kandidat probiotik dan 2 ulangan dalam uji antagonistik in vitro (kultur bersama) serta, 3 perlakuan isolat bakteri kandidat dan 3 ulangan dalam uji patogenisitas. Hasil penelitian berhasil mendapatkan 81 isolat kandidat probiotik dengan 9 isolat memiliki aktivitas enzim terbesar. Uji antagonistik in vitro dengan metode kultur bersama didapatkan 3 isolat terbaik dari ikan lele dengan kode isolat L13, L22 dan L8. Ketiga isolat tersebut kemudian diuji sifat patogenisitasnya untuk mendapatkan kandidat probiotik terpilih. Isolat L22 merupakan bakteri kandidat probiotik terpilih dengan aktivitas enzimatis, aktivitas antagonistik terhadap A. hydrophila dan tidak bersifat patogen terhadap benih ikan lele., Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the pathogenic bacteria causing Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) disease that infects freshwater fish. One of the solutions to control MAS disease is through the application of probiotics. This research aimed to obtain the best potential probiotic candidate isolates from Sangkuriang catfish fry and their culture environment. The study was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 9 treatments of probiotic candidate bacterial isolates and 2 replications in the in vitro antagonistic test (co-culture) and, 3 treatments probiotic candidate bacterial isolates and and 3 replications in the pathogenicity test. The results of the study succeeded in obtaining 81 isolates of probiotic candidates with 9 isolates having the greatest enzyme activity. In vitro antagonistic test using the co-culture method found the 3 best isolates with codes L13, L22 and L8. The three isolates were then tested for their pathogenicity to get the selected probiotic candidate. Isolate L22 is a selected probiotic candidate bacteria that has enzymatic activity, antagonistic activity against the pathogen A. hydrophila and is not pathogenic to catfish fry.
Keyword: Aeromonas hydrophila, Clarias gariepinus, in vitro test, probiotic candidate

Judul: Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi Ciri FFT, PCA, dan FPE dalam Pengenalan Karakter Tulisan Tangan
Abstrak: The main purpose of this research is to create a fully functioned system to translate any handwritten mathematic expression into LaTeX code. This research itself serves as one of the basic part of the system, the handwritten character recognition system. Three feature extraction methods were compared and evaluated. They are Feature Point Extraction, Principle Components Analysis, and Fast Fourier Transform. Classification method used in this research is K-Nearest Neighbors. Accuracy measurement of the three methods shows that the maximum accuracy score by Feature Point Extraction is around 26%, while Principle Component Analysis and Fast Fourier Transform score is approximately 60% and 70%, respectively. FPE, despite its high score on optical character recognition (around 86% accuracy score), did not perform well due to the fact that the FPE method used in this research did not aware of the position of each feature point. PCA and FFT proved to be better for handwritten character recognition, with FFT being the one to have the highest accuracy score.
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