Autoliv, Inc. (ALV, NYSE)
Industry: Consumer Cyclical / Auto Parts
Annual report, fiscal year 2021


## Annual and Sustainability Report 2021



## Autoliv

## 21

## Content

03 ..... 2021 In brief
06 ..... CEO Message
08 ..... Vision / Mission / Key Behaviors
10 ..... 2021 Summary
12 ..... Our Market
14 ..... Our Products
16 ..... Sales and Launches
18 ..... Innovation
22 ..... Targets
24 ..... Strategic Plan
30 ..... Shareholders
34 ..... Our Sustainability Approach
36 ..... Sustainability Governance
38 ..... Road Safety – a Global Challenge
40 ..... A Safe and Inclusive Workplace
42 ..... Climate Action
45 ..... Responsible Business
50 ..... Board of Directors
51 ..... Executive Management Team
52 ..... Contacts
53 ..... Sustainability Appendix
57 ..... TCFD Disclosure
59 ..... Multi-Year Financial Summary

## Forward-Looking Statements

Except for historical information, matters discussed in the annual report are forward-looking statements and are based on management's estimates, assumptions and projections. Actual results could vary materially. Please review the "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" sections in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, and subsequent SEC filings, for factors that could affect the Company's performance and cause results to differ materially from management's expectations. The information in this report reflected management's estimates, assumptions and projections as of January 28, 2022. Autoliv has not made updates since then and makes no representation, express or implied, that the information is still current or complete. The Company is under no obligation to update any part of this document.

This report includes content supplied by IHS Markit Automotive; Copyright © Light Vehicle Production Forecast, January, 2022. All rights reserved.



# A Strategy
Built on a
Strong
Foundation



2021 marked another challenging year. As in 2020, we continued to see both direct and indirect effects from COVID-19 impacting the world, the automotive industry, and our business. Headwinds related to raw materials, component shortages, logistics, and utilities resulted in volatile and lower than expected light vehicle production (LVP). Despite a tough market environment, we continued to respond effectively, keeping the health and safety of our employees as our first priority. Despite continued challenges in the year, our strategic initiatives continue to yield good results and we look to the future with confidence.

## A strategy built on a strong foundation

The company’s strategy builds on an industry-leading position, supported by a continued high order intake and increasing safety content per vehicle. From this strong foundation, Autoliv is providing world-class life-saving solutions for mobility and society while transforming our operations for the new age of electrification and autonomous driving, as well as digitalization and automation throughout the entire value chain.

In recent years, we have implemented hundreds of cost efficiency projects, especially in production and supply chain, and we are ahead of the strategic plan we outlined in 2019. In 2021, we reduced our headcount by 11% and our strict cost control will continue into 2022. As part of our footprint optimization, we announced the establishment of a new state-of-the-art production facility in central Japan and the phasing out of two existing plants. The new plant will support Autoliv in achieving our sustainability goals through efficient operations and reduced delivery miles to our customers.

Autoliv has showcased our ability to manage a difficult market environment and our progress gives us the confidence to enter a new phase of increased shareholder returns. The Autoliv Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase program in November 2021. We also reinstated our quarterly dividend in May and increased the quarterly payment in December.

The new industry and societal challenges we have faced in the past few years have not changed our strategic direction. Instead, these challenges have reinforced our commitment to the strategic plan, and our organization continues to move forward.

## Tailwinds and headwinds

Last year was a turbulent year with both direct and indirect COVID-19 effects impacting our business. I am pleased that our operating income was solid, despite headwinds from lower sales, raw material costs, and currency exchange rates. Additionally, I am satisfied that our cash flow and balance sheet remained strong. Supply demand imbalance continued to drive prices of raw materials up during the year, mainly related to steel, magnesium, nylon, and aluminum. 2021 was an exceptional period of high raw material prices and we managed to secure some compensation in 2021 and further negotiations are ongoing with customers.

During the year, our organic sales growth was around 8%, and we reached an adjusted operating margin of 8.3% and generated operating cash flow of $754m.

## Market development

The challenges that arose due to the pandemic led to a continued uncertain and volatile market development in 2021. Our ongoing focus is to support our customers and we believe that our global presence and agile organization provide a strong competitive advantage.

We had a high number of new product launches in the second half of 2021, which supports our expectation of a healthy outperformance of light vehicle production in 2022. Our order intake was strong in 2021, and we booked around 50% of all available orders. This compares favorably to our estimated current global sales market share of 43%.

We are continuing to strengthen our electrical vehicle (EV) and plug-in hybrid EV exposure. Many of our product launches in 2021 were either pure EVs or plug-in hybrids, further extending our exposure to this growing market. In 2021, our estimated market share of plug-in hybrids and battery electric vehicles was close to 45%.

In the three-year period 2022–2024, we expect to grow organically by around 4 percentage points more than LVP growth per year, on average. In addition, we have introduced a long-term growth target beyond 2024, where we aim to grow our sales organically by 4-6% per year, over time. This is based on growth coming from safety content per vehicle, LVP, and adjacent areas, now organized in Mobility Safety Solutions (MSS). Within MSS, we develop products and services for businesses adjacent to our core of airbags, steering wheels, and seatbelts for light vehicles, such as powered two-wheelers, connected safety services, and customers that complement our core offering. By combining our core competence and solid industry experience with the development of products for new markets, we can save even more lives.

Content per vehicle growth is expected to be driven by continued updates of government regulations and crash test ratings, highly safety-focused societies and the new opportunities that come from newly configured vehicle interiors. Our medium-term growth opportunities are further supported by regulatory developments such as the proposed mandatory side and curtain airbags in all cars in India which would begin in late 2022.

## Innovation

In the coming years, we intend to go from an industry leader to a true industry transformer, not just by leading, but also by setting the trends in our industry. Therefore, our mission encompasses safety for mobility and society. Mobility refers to a multi-modal view of transporting people and goods, as well as related services, that goes further than Autoliv's traditional market to safety for light vehicles.

A key focus area for us is new passive safety solutions driven by the evolution of advanced driver-assistance systems and new interiors. Other key innovation focus areas are electrification, adaptability to the size and age of occupants, and vulnerable road users. Our innovation agenda includes commercializing market firsts in areas such as integrated safety-on-seat systems, airbags for motorcycles, wearables, and the industry's smallest inflators for driver use. We are pursuing joint development agreements with technology leaders, while building internal electronics and mechatronics competencies.

The popularity of powered two-wheeler continues to rise due to widespread urbanization and urban densification and to the practicality and ease of use of powered two-wheelers. In 2021, we launched a collaboration with the Piggle Group, one of the leading manufacturers of scooters and motorcycles, to develop an airbag for powered two-wheelers, for greater rider safety.

## Sustainable business

Sustainability is firmly rooted in Autoliv's business strategy which is guided by our mission of providing world-class, life-saving solutions for mobility and society. Our vision of Saving More Lives drives all our work, and it is an integral part of our sustainability agenda. Our commitment includes staying at the forefront of technology, while innovating and manufacturing high-quality life-saving products for real-life traffic. We are continuously turning our sustainability and climate commitment into action and are well-positioned to continue supporting our customers and partners in their efforts to reach their sustainability goals.

Our products saved close to 35,000 lives in 2021. Every year, our products prevent more than 300,000 severe injuries. It is our ambition to save over 100,000 lives per year.

Autoliv’s core business directly contributes to the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for Good Health and Well-being (UN SDG #3) and its target of halving global deaths and injuries from road traffic by 2030. Autoliv is supporting the United Nations Road Safety Fund, UNRSF, to strengthen insights into road safety challenges and contribute to safer mobility where it is most needed. Autoliv will support UNRSF’s road safety interventions in low- and middle-income countries and the development of multi-sectoral action plans to address global road safety concerns. Through our business model and life-saving products, and by stimulating the development of new methods, we have an important role to play. The collaboration constitutes a vital step towards improving road safety for all users and increasing awareness and availability of life-saving products, especially in emerging markets.
In June 2021, we became the first automotive safety supplier to commit to becoming carbon neutral in our own operations by 2030 and is aiming for net-zero emissions across our supply chain by 2040. This means reducing our carbon emissions through use of renewable electricity in our own and supplier operations, improving energy and material efficiency, adopting low-carbon logistics and low-carbon materials, and developing attractive low-carbon product offerings to support our customers in their transition to electrified, zero emission vehicles. In 2021, we announced that we are committing to establish Science Based Targets and our targets were approved by the Science Based Targets initiative in January 2022.

In 2021, Autoliv and global steel company SSAB also initiated a collaboration to research and develop the world’s first fossil-free steel components for automotive safety products. The collaboration enables Autoliv to be at the forefront in producing automotive safety products with fossil-free steel from SSAB.

Other important developments in the year were our introduction of new targets for diversity and inclusion and the publication of our Sustainable Financing Framework.

## Outstanding employee efforts

As a leading producer of automotive safety components, Autoliv is committed to providing an attractive and inclusive workplace with safe working conditions for our employees, contractors, and business partners. In both the marketplace and workplace, health and safety is more than an element of our business – it is our business. In a very challenging time, our employees have continued to show strength, perseverance, and pride in what we do. Our focus has been on safeguarding and minimizing the risk throughout our operations and for our employees.

In 2020, and as a response to the pandemic, we established the Autoliv “Smart Start Playbook”, which lays out processes and practical recommendations based on guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that can be tailored by our local sites to address the various scenarios we face. In 2021, we continued to work with and update our COVID-19 response including the Smart Start Playbook, to ensure a safe workplace in our operations and offices – be it the company offices or home offices. We are continuing to explore new ways of working. The Playbook remains our guiding principle and will continue to serve its purpose for as long as we need it.

I am proud of what the Autoliv team has done and continues to do under these challenging circumstances. I am convinced that we will continue to grow even stronger as we move beyond the pandemic.

## Going forward

We will continue to further improve customer satisfaction and efficiency, and intensify our efforts to achieve flawless execution of new launches, thereby supporting our strong market position. Based on an assumption of LVP growth of around 9%, supported by a positive regional mix and high number of product launches, we expect to grow organically by approximately 20%, generating an adjusted operating margin of around 9.5% for the full year 2022.

Autoliv’s vision of Saving More Lives is the guiding light in all we do. Sustainability is firmly rooted in our business strategy and as a market leader in our field, we have a responsibility – to our shareholders, customers, business partners and employees – to ensure our efforts are aligned with the broader society’s agenda.

Our journey and commitment are more promising than ever. We welcome you to join us on this journey.



## Our Vision

## Saving More Lives

We strive to save more lives and prevent serious injuries, and we continuously focus on consistency and quality for our customers, confidence and security for our employees, stability and growth for our shareholders, as well as being sustainable and earning trust within our communities.



## More Lives Saved – More Life Lived

Autoliv’s communication concept is anchored in our fundamental vision that has driven Autoliv’s success to date: Saving More Lives. The new communication concept connects all the innovation, technology, and quality standards inside Autoliv’s business with what we know is most important to people outside our business: Staying safe when on the move so they have the confidence to live life to the fullest.

## Our Key Behaviors



We are the market leader of our industry and what we do matters. This calls for a focused approach in general including on our way of working. We have decided to call our desired Key Behaviors: Our KBs express the essence of our ways of working in a clear and consistent way.















# 2021 Summary

2021 remained challenging with both direct and indirect effects from COVID-19 continuing to impact the automotive industry. Despite this, Autoliv delivered solid profitability and cash flow.

Despite strong end-consumer demand for new vehicles, global light vehicle production (LVP) only grew by 3% in 2021 - significantly less than the 14% expected by IHS Markit in the beginning of the year. This was a result of the COVID-19 pandemic continuing to impact the availability of semiconductors as well as other parts of the global automotive supply chain. The semiconductor shortage is believed to have reduced global LVP by more than 10 million units. It also resulted in late changes to call-offs with short notice as OEMs managed their output to match availability of components. This negatively impacted our production efficiency and profitability. However, the situation improved and stabilized somewhat towards the end of the year.

The industry also experienced significant increased raw material prices. For Autoliv, rising raw material costs resulted in around 1.3pp in operating margin headwind, of which a small part was offset by commercial customer recoveries.

Outlook LVP 2021
January vs Actual



Source: IHS Markit

Our sales increased organically by 8%, while global LVP increased by around 3%. This was the fourth consecutive year that we outperformed global LVP by 5 to 7pp, driven by increased market shares and higher safety content per vehicle.

Our adjusted operating profit \( ^{*} \)  increased by 40% mainly driven by higher sales, and the adjusted operating margin improved to 8.3%. Return on capital employed increased to around 18%.

Operating cash flow and cash conversion was solid, although below the 2020 levels as effects from changes in operating working capital were more positive in 2020. Our net debt, well with our targeted range was reduced and the debt leverage ratio declined from 1.7x to 1.2x.

Strict cost control measures in 2021 include footprint and capacity alignment in Europe, moving overhead functions to Best-Cost Countries in Americas and initiation of footprint adjustments in Japan and in the Rest of Asia. By December 31, 2021, total headcount was reduced by 11% compared to December 31, 2020.

Sales and Global LVP
US$ (Millions) and Units (Millions)



Sales
LVP

Organic Sales \( ^{*} \)  vs. LVP Change
Percentage Points



Adjusted Operating Profit \( ^{*} \)  & Margin
US$ (Millions) and in relation to sales %



Adj. operating margin

Operating Cash Flow \( ^{*} \) 
& Cash Conversion
US$ (Millions) and in %



Return on Capital Employed
Percent



Leverage Ratio \( ^{*} \) 
Net Dabit/ EBITDA






# Trend of
Growing Market Share and
Safety Content Per Vehicle

Our strategy, business priorities and targets are deeply rooted in the growing global demand for traffic safety. 1.35 million lives are lost annually on the roads, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Vulnerable road users – pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists – make up about half of these fatalities. Road traffic accidents are a major cause of death among all age groups and the leading cause of death for children and young adults between the ages of 5 and 29. In addition, tens of millions suffer nonfatal traffic-related injuries, causing not only human suffering but also costs corresponding to about 3% of GDP in a majority of countries. This underlines the importance of our commitment to save more lives and reduce the number of injuries on our roads.

## Market development

The automotive safety market is driven by two fundamental factors: light vehicle production (LVP) and safety content per vehicle (CPV). In the long-term, new technologies such as advanced driver-assist systems, autonomous driving and drivetrain electrification is expected to have positive effects on the safety content per vehicle. With advanced protective systems for new flexible seating positions, safety-type integration in seats, human machine interface (HMI) in steering wheels and protection systems outside the vehicle for vulnerable road users, there is an increasing need for innovations in safety systems. In the medium term, content per vehicle is expected to grow mainly due to increased government regulations and test rating requirements in growth markets, as well as from higher installation rates of knee airbags, front-center airbags and more advanced steering wheels and seatbelt systems in more mature markets.

## Market position

Our long-term tools, quality, delivery and cost in everything we do is the foundation for our long-term success. We have been involved in less than 2% of recalls of airbags and seatbelts in the last 10 years, an important indicator that we are delivering on our quality strategy. In 2021, we continued to strengthen our market position as our estimated global market share increased from 42% to 43%. Since 2017, our share



Company estimates. Based on Autoliv's passive safety market definition including airbags, seatbelts, steering wheels and pedestrian safety.



of the market has increased by 5 percentage points. Our market position is strong in all product categories, with 43% in airbags, 44% in seatbelts and 36% in steering wheels. All three product categories have improved their position since 2017. All of our largest regions, Americas, Europe, China and Japan have increased their market shares since 2017, to 46%, 45%, 36% and 39% respectively. Sales of products for electrified vehicles (plug-in hybrids and battery electric vehicles) increased in 2021 by more than 60% to more than $1.2 billion.

## Light vehicle production

LVP has increased at an average annual growth rate of 1.3% since 1997. Mainly as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and related component shortages, global LVP has declined from 92 million in 2017 to 73 million in 2021. We expect light vehicle markets to grow both in the short and long term, especially in the next few years, driven by pent-up end user demand and a rebuilding of new vehicle inventories. The growth is expected to take place in all regions.

## Content per vehicle

A global development towards increased safety standards with stricter regulations and increasingly stringent rating frameworks is a strong driver of safety content in vehicles. Other drivers are the premium vehicle trend and the increasing focus on safety in emerging markets. By continuously researching, developing and introducing new technologies with higher value-added features, Autoliv can influence safety content per vehicle. In 2021, global CPV increased by around 2% to around 250. As a result of the increasing average CPV, the automotive safety market has outgrown LVP historically and we expect this trend to continue. Since 2017, CPV has increased in all regions, and most prominently in emerging markets like South America and India. India has in recent years introduced regulations leading to mandatory frontal airbags for all new models, and proposed that side airbag systems also will be made mandatory in the future.

## Competitive landscape

Autoliv is the undisputed leader in automotive safety. We face a variety of competitors in a landscape that is constantly evolving. We consider our key competitors to be ZF and Joyson Safety Systems (JSS), which we regard as global, full-scope competitors. Our largest automotive safety competitor ZF is a broad-based automotive supplier. JSS, our second largest competitor, was formed through the combination of KSS and Takata. JSS is owned by Ningbo Joyson Electronic. In Japan, Brazil, South Korea and China, we also compete with a number of local suppliers, often with close ties to domestic vehicle manufacturers. We also face competition from product specialists.





Company estimates. Includes seatbelts, airbags, steering wheels and pedestrian safety.

## Minimal recalls

Share of Airbag and Seatbelt recalls in vehicles since 2010 \( ^{1} \) 



1) The share is calculated as a ten year rolling average based on information from national official database.



## At the Forefront
of Automotive Safety

Based on our extensive research into real-life accidents, we develop and engineer automotive safety solutions to save more lives and prevent injuries on the roads. The way we innovate solutions is a key differentiator that sets us apart from our competitors.

FRONT CENTER AIRBAG
Enhances Front-Row Protection

INTEGRATED CHILD BOOSTER SEAT
Provides Protection and Comfort

SIDE AIRBAG
Protects in Side Collisions

KNEE AIRBAG
Reduces Leg Injuries

ACTIVE HOOD LIFTER
Reduces Pedestrian Head Injuries

## Our Products

Front center airbag can prevent front-row passengers from colliding with each other during side impacts. The airbag deploys in the space between the driver and passenger seats and offers protection in far-side collisions.

The integrated booster seat is specially designed to provide children with good safety, together with the car’s seatbelt. The seat cushion can be raised to different positions depending on the size of the child.

Side airbags are usually located in the seat, and inflate between the occupant and the door. These airbags reduce the risk of chest injuries by approximately 25%. With dual-chamber side airbags, both the pelvis and the chest areas are protected which further reduces the risk of serious injuries in side-impact crashes.
Knee airbags, which deploy from a vehicle’s lower dashboard, distribute the impact forces on an occupant’s legs, thereby reducing leg and knee injuries. Additionally, they are designed to control the movement of the occupant so that the driver and passenger airbags can provide optimal protection.

Active hood lifters help to mitigate the impact of a pedestrian’s head against the structure beneath the hood, meaning the engine, suspension, etc. This is achieved by using pyrotechnic hood lifters that aim to raise the rear end of the hood to create clearance and use the hood as cushion.

Seatbelts are designed to secure the occupants of a vehicle against harmful movement during a collision or a sudden stop. Seatbelts are considered the primary restraint system, because of their vital role in occupant safety, and can reduce the overall risk of serious injuries in frontal crashes by as much as 60%. Most new vehicles are equipped with pyrotechnic pretensioners that in a crash tighten the belt to reduce forward movement of the occupants.

Side-curtain Airbags deploy from the roof line above the side window to provide cushioning between the occupants' heads and the window or incoming hard objects. These airbags reduce the risk of life-threatening head injuries in side impacts by approximately 50%.

Driver and passenger airbags provides an energy-absorbing cushion between the vehicle’s occupants and the steering wheel, instrument panel and windshield. The driver airbag reduces fatalities in frontal crashes by approximately 25% (for belted drivers) and reduces serious head injuries by over 60%. The passenger airbag reduces fatalities in frontal crashes by approximately 20% (for belted occupants).

A steering wheel is a vital part of the safety system, while it needs to be functional and stylish at the same time. Steering wheels can be covered by handcrafted leather and control many of the vehicle’s functions.

The pedestrian airbag aims to mitigate and reduce the severity of a head impact in case of a pedestrian-vehicle accident. The airbag is deployed on the outside of a vehicle, along the windshield area and A-pillars.

Pyro safety switches can disconnect or cut power during/after an accident, giving occupants valuable time and preventing further vehicle damage or fire.



# Sales and Launches



Autoliv has one of the industry’s most diverse customer bases, reflecting a strong sales mix with high-volume global vehicle manufacturers and global premium brands. Autoliv currently delivers to around 100 vehicle brands around the world and has a leading market position with all but one of the global car manufacturers (OEMs).

During 2021, we launched a record number of new products on a number of important customer platforms, supporting our future growth. A contract typically covers the lifetime of a vehicle model, which is normally between five and seven years depending on customer platform sourcing preferences and strategies.

## Sales by customer and vehicle type

In 2021, our top five customers represented 51% of sales and the ten largest represented 80% of sales. This reflects the concentration in the automotive industry. The five largest OEMs in 2021 accounted for 50% of global Light Vehicle Production (LVP) and the ten largest for 73%.

Asian vehicle producers have steadily become increasingly important to Autoliv, and now represent around 45% of our global sales compared to 44% five years ago. The largest increase comes from Japanese OEMs, which represented 28% five years ago and now account for 32%. This is a result of our high order intake with them over the past years, built on our strong local presence in Japan and our global manufacturing footprint. Globally, European-based brands accounted for 31% of our sales in 2021. U.S.-based brands (including Chrysler) and Tesla account for 22% of our global sales. The fastest growing customer in 2021 was a U.S. based EV manufacturer, followed by Toyota.

The Company estimates that the sales to Plug-In Hybrids (PHEV) and Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) amounted to more than $1.2 billion in 2021, an increase by more than 60% compared to the previous year.

## Sales by region

With operations in 28 countries and one of the broadest customer bases of any automotive supplier, Autoliv has the best global footprint in the industry. In 2021, the Asian market accounted for 41% of Autoliv sales. This was unchanged compared to 2020, despite increasing LVP in the region as the market was less affected by the semiconductor shortages. The second largest market was Americas representing 31% of sales. The European market accounted for 28% of sales in 2020, which is roughly ten percentage points less than ten years ago, reflecting our strong market share gains in Asia and North America over that past years.

## Sales by product

Autoliv is the leading global supplier of airbags, seatbelts and steering wheels. Of our $8.2 billion sales in 2021, approximately 65% consisted of airbag and steering wheel products and approximately 35% consisted of seatbelt products.

Sales by Product



Sales by Customer



Sales by Region



Important Launches in 2021



Nissan Pathfinder



Kia Sportage



Toyota Land Cruiser 300



Peugeot 308

Rivian RT1



# Uniquely Positioned
to Save More Lives



As Autoliv has pioneered automotive safety for almost 70 years, including the introduction of many world firsts, we have become the largest supplier of automotive safety systems. We are expanding our focus beyond light ve-
hicle safety to a wider mobility safety arena. Industry trends, such as electrification, autonomous driving, shared mobility, digitalization and connectivity, and more comfortable interiors and cockpits, are generating new safety needs that call for more sophisticated and digital safety products, both inside and outside the car. Our approach to real-life safety to meet emerging safety needs throughout the entire mobility chain, from in-vehicle occupants in different levels of automation to vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and riders of two-wheelers, together with our methods and processes, and our ambition and dedication to Saving More Lives, puts Autoliv in a unique position.

We support our customers through our technical centers and manufacturing facilities located close to their assembly plants in Americas, Europe and Asia and employ 5,500 people in research, development and application engineering. A large portion of our RD&E resources are focused on application engineering to adapt safety products for new vehicles.

We innovate to Save More Lives in society by developing our airbag, steering-wheel, seatbelt and other systems to improve safety features, comfort and customization. This is to accommodate any kind of journey in a constantly changing environment where a vehicle occupant or a road user meets a mixed fleet of traditional and new types of vehicles. In addition, we innovate to constantly make things smaller and lighter – such as our driver airbags – or better integrated – such as our advanced seatbelt solutions integrated into seats – as well as applying more decentralized intelligence – such as our small integrated decentralized Electronic control units (EDUs) for future steering wheels.

## Innovation Through Collaboration

We are engaged in research activities with universities in the fields of biomechanics, human factors and traffic safety analysis. Through our research and different collaborations, we aim to improve the safety of car occupants and we also actively engage in activities to improve the safety of vulnerable road users.
We also engage in multi-partner projects with funding from Sweden and the European Union. In the area of car occupant safety, the project Future Occupant Safety For Crashes in Cars (OSOCAR) was concluded with a final event in November 2021, ending our successful collaboration with European partners to enhance the personal safety for all occupants involved in future vehicle crashes. On the same topic we are a member in the Steering Committee for the Research Consortium for Crashworthiness in Automated Driving Systems (RCCADS) in the US.

In the area of Vulnerable Road Users, we extend 3-year projects during the course of 2021:

• Motorcycle Rider Model for injury prediction, to further enhance our human body model in predicting injuries sustained by motorcycle riders in crashes.

- Self-driving bikes for more realistic development and testing of systems for bike safety – as the title suggests, to develop nothing less than a self-driving bicycle to evaluate pre-crash and in-crash safety solutions.



We also engaged with a larger number of stakeholders in the International Transport Forum Motorcyclists Safety Workshop, Riding in a Safe System, where eight priority actions were recognized by the workshop to achieve the integration of PTWs in the safe system by 2030. As the safety of motorcycle riders is a huge challenge in Southeast Asia, we also entered in an MoU with the Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) where we work on common projects for on-ride and on-bike protection.

Real-Life Safety
Autoliv has a research-based approach to Saving More Lives in real-life situations. This approach has allowed us to be a leader in automotive safety for almost 70 years.



Finding the Best Technology
Our research allows us to develop technologies that meet the needs of real-life traffic situations for all people.

## Innovations Driven by Human Behavior and Accident Research

Innovation at Autoliv is about anticipating safety needs by studying global real-life accident data, human factors and biomechanics. We develop solutions to meet these needs by collaborating closely with our stakeholders. Innovation at Autoliv is also about continuously improving our design processes and transforming our way of conducting engineering to pursue excellence in terms of quality, efficiency and time to market through the application of automation and digitalization, simplification and standardization, and by proactively building quality into our upstream value chain.

To constantly improve traffic safety, we need to know what is happening on the roads today, how current safety systems perform in real-life traffic, and how to design safety systems for the future. The analysis and predictions from this research serve as requirements for the development of future safety systems.

In 2020 we established the Autoliv Data Analytics Factory where we are exploring new ways of working with data providing services that are integrated with our products, or as stand alone, will contribute to saving more lives. As an example, in the Connected Occupant Physiological Evaluation (COPE) project, researchers from Autoliv joined forces with a university to develop an IT platform that, in the vehicle setting, recognizes the signs of a driver getting sleepy.







We are committed to creating a safer society by designing products that will one day protect people in the future multi-modal transport system. We are combining our core competence to make products for new market areas outside our traditional passive safety for light vehicles.

## Our Focus Areas for Future Mobility

We have collected the adjacent opportunities into Mobility Safety Solutions, MSS. In MSS we investigate opportunities where our core product and product competences can be applied for additional growth.

We have an attractive and large combined addressable market size providing safety solutions in different mobility modes including powered two-wheelers, large enough to make a difference for Autoliv's long term growth.

Today, vulnerable road users (VRUs) – pedestrians, cyclists and riders of powered two-wheelers – account for nearly half of all road fatalities. Protecting VRUs is a natural progression of our real-life approach to safety.

Technologies for connected vehicle safety is a fast growing market area. We aim to take a leading role by setting standards, and defining safe driving and connected safety for individual drivers and the car industry. In 2021, we introduced a number of customers including insurance companies, fleet owners and young drivers to our new Connected Safety Services Platform.

Some of our businesses in MSS, like Commercial Vehicles, safety products for heavy trucks and Pyro safety Switches, are already revenue generating supporting new early-stage initiatives.



Autonomous delivery vehicles
Autoliv and Nuro, a leading autonomous vehicle company, are collaborating to ensure a high safety standard for the delivery of Nuro's new third-generation, production-grade autonomous vehicle.



Electrical battery vehicles
The Pyrotechnic Safety Switches disconnect the high-voltage battery before a short-circuit can occur as a result of vehicle deformation in a crash.





Airbags inflators for none-automotive
By combining our core airbag inflator competence and industry experience, we develop, manufacture and sell inflators for none-automotive applications such as inflatable jackets for motorcyclists, avalanche airbag backpack for skiers etc.



## Motorized two-wheelers

The airbag systems for powered two-wheelers is mounted on the vehicle frame and will deploy in milliseconds, for greater rider safety.

## Vulnerable road users

To protect vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians, cyclists and riders of powered two-wheelers, cars can be equipped with Pedestrian Airbags or Active Hood Lifters. In the event of frontal collisions with a vulnerable road user, the system protects the occupant by an outside airbag or by raising the rear-end of the hood and use it as cushion.




Our ability to consistently outperform market growth is rooted in a steady flow of new safety technologies, a strong focus on quality and a superior production and engineering footprint.

## Our Roadmap to Leverage Growth Into Higher Profitability

In the medium term, we intend to continue to grow our core business – airbags, seatbelts and steering wheels – through successful execution of the current product launch programs and strong order book. To maintain growth momentum beyond the ongoing step change, we are pursuing an ambitious innovation program which includes targeting several “world firsts”.

We are also investing in capabilities beyond the light vehicle markets, which we organize in Mobility Safety Solutions. Successful organic growth will also rely on driving operational excellence while providing superior quality to our customers in terms of product performance and delivery reliability prior to and after the start of serial production.

Continuous improvement remains a cornerstone of Autoliv’s ongoing efforts to leverage growth into higher profitability. Autoliv’s production system enables us to pursue a broad agenda of continuous improvement activities across all functions including sales, operations, supply chain and support functions. To accelerate our margin expansion journey, we invest in automation and digitalization of our core business and support processes and execute end-to-end value chain improvement programs.

## Financial and Sustainability Targets

Our strategic roadmap, business priorities and targets are deeply rooted in the growing demand for traffic safety and a strong belief that the need for our products will continue to grow.
To enhance shareholder value over the long term, our focus is on visible near-term and sustainable long-term growth, profitability improvement and over-the-cycle resilience, cash flow generation for shareholder returns and a strong balance sheet and prudent leverage policy.

We have set short- and long-term sustainability targets in the key areas to make sure we measure and manage our negative impacts and maximize our positive impacts.

Autoliv Key Targets: Growth Drivers

<table><tr><td></td><td>Average Annual Organic Growth</td><td>• Market share gains • Content per Vehicle</td></tr><tr><td>2022-2024</td><td>LVP+~4%</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

Autoliv Key Targets & Ambition: Profitability Drivers

<table><tr><td></td><td>Adjusted Operating Margin \( ^{1} \)  Target</td><td>• Stabilized light vehicle production &gt;85 million• Raw material headwind at FY2021 impact• Strategic initiatives</td></tr><tr><td>Not later than 12/24</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

1) Non-US GAAP measure. Excluding costs for company alignments.

<table><tr><td>Focus Area</td><td colspan="5">Key Targets and Ambitions</td></tr><tr><td>Saving More Lives</td><td colspan="5">100,000 Lives saved per year</td></tr><tr><td>A Safe and Inclusive Workplace</td><td colspan="2">0.35 Incident Rate by 2023</td><td>3.8 Severity Rate by 2023</td><td>95% of senior and mid-level management trained in unconscious bias by 2023</td><td>Year-on-year improvement in Employee experience</td></tr><tr><td>Climate Action</td><td colspan="2">Carbon neutral in own operations by 2030</td><td>Net-zero emissions across our supply chain by 2040</td><td>12% reduction in energy intensity by 2023</td><td>Year-on-year reduction in waste Continuous</td></tr><tr><td>Responsible Business</td><td colspan="2">100% in target group completed anti-corruption training Continuous</td><td>100% in target group completed anti-trust training Continuous</td><td>100% in target group Code of Conduct certified Continuous</td><td>100% direct material suppliers sustainability audited by 2022</td></tr></table>



## Strategic Plan

The Autoliv Strategic Direction is structured along the dimensions of Customer Focus, Sustainable Growth, Flawless Execution and Build a Winning Team. Underpinning our strategy is a long-term commitment to sustainable business and the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

## Customer Focus

• Commercial Excellence

• Brand Strength

• Sustainability

## Sustainable Growth

• Quality leadership

• Innovation leadership

• Adjacent business growth

## Flawless Execution

• Product & Process management

• RD&E effectiveness

• Supply chain excellence

• Benchmark manufacturing

## Build a Winning Team

• Employee Development

• Health and Safety

• Diversity

• Labor rights



# Customer Focus



Every year, we compete in several hundred tenders for new business. To remain the preferred choice, we invest in quality, reliability, technology and flexibility. This has been instrumental in building our brand. The trust our customers have in us is further supported by incorporating sustainability into everything we do.

Autoliv is uniquely positioned to benefit from the industry transformation. Our ability to consistently outperform market growth is rooted in a steady flow of new safety technologies, a strong focus on quality and a superior production and engineering footprint serving around 100 car brands globally. This has enabled us to increase our global market share from 27% in 1997 to 43% in 2021, with leading market shares across all three core products areas – airbags, seatbelts and steering wheels.

## Commercial Excellence

To ensure that we maintain and strengthen our position as industry leader, we aim at maintaining leadership in product quality, delivery reliability and technical expertise. We strive to maintain industry-leading positions in innovation and technology, customization and customer service levels, based on a competitive cost structure. Based on differentiated OEM strategies, we intend to maintain or expand our business with all major automotive OEMs. We aim to maintain a leadership position in all major regions and product areas.

We have seen an improvement in several of our most important commercial KPIs, such as customer ratings on delivery, quality and cost. Furthermore, we are on track to reach around 45% in sales market share, while realizing an improvement in commercial excellence.

To enhance our commercial effectiveness, we have launched several initiatives, including reviews of our claims management process and our sales operating model as well as using external benchmarking to improve our commercial processes.

## Brand Strength

We are committed to further strengthening the visibility and recognition of the Autoliv brand. In a fast-changing world, company reputation and public responsibility are increasingly important to all stakeholders and can have a direct impact on commercial potential. A strong Autoliv brand is equally important as we develop our new adjacent business areas. Based on our proven market success, we are, therefore, taking further steps to increase our visibility beyond our current customer strongholds.

“More Lives Saved – More Life Lived”, is the communications concept of Autoliv’s refreshed Brand strategy, introduced in 2021. The strategy aims to raise brand awareness and build perception, in line with our adopted brand model and brand positioning, among target stakeholders in target markets. It aims to stretch and allow the brand positioning to encompass solutions for mobility and society, today and tomorrow. The concept bridges between our superior life-saving products and the freedom brought to people to live life to the fullest. You then have the freedom to explore life to the fullest.

## Sustainability

Our sustainability approach reinforces our commitment to saving more lives, safe and inclusive workplace, climate action and responsible business. Our objectives include 100,000 lives saved per year, a reduction of work-related incidents and severity rates, becoming carbon neutral in our own operations by 2030 and aiming for net-zero emissions across our supply chain by 2040.

Saving more lives is our core business and our most important contribution to sustainable development. We actively work to integrate sustainability into everything we do, including our governance and decision making, KPIs, standards and processes.

# Sustainable Growth



Quality and innovation leadership have always been essential for the growth we have achieved historically. We have now identified opportunities to complement this growth through expansion to adjacent business areas.

## Quality Leadership

Our life-saving products never get a second chance. Also continued focus on quality is imperative for profitable growth. Accordingly, we are committed to delivering the highest quality, safety and performance in our products and services, in alignment with our vision of Saving More Lives. We continue to invest in our quality culture and zero defect mindset. We are adapting our processes to incorporate quality earlier in the design process and cooperate more closely with suppliers to further improve our Zero Defect performance applying our Q5 methodology – quality in all dimensions.

As a part of our product development process, our products are thoroughly tested from a safety performance and durability point of view to ensure government and customer specification compliance. The integration of the Q5 program into all aspects of our operations is supported by a dedicated quality organization. We monitor our quality culture through a regular employee survey that helps each site identify areas for improvement. Autoliv's quality management system is regularly audited by both internal and external parties.

## Innovation leadership

We are accelerating our innovation agenda with a focus on meeting key industry technology and product trends. This includes optimizing our Product and Process Portfolio. Our main focus areas are new passive safety solutions driven by the evolution in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and new interiors, electrification, adaptability, the size and age of occupants and vulnerable road users (VRUs).

We are engaged in several projects aimed at bringing market firsts in areas such as integrated safety-in-seat systems, airbags for motorcycles, wearable airbags and the industry's smallest driver unit inflators. We are pursuing joint development agreements with technology leaders while rapidly building our internal electronics and mechatronics competences.

## Adjacent business areas

Complementing our core business, we pursue new attractive areas for growth in adjacent product or market opportunities. Focus is on areas where we can leverage our technological know-how, operational capabilities and strong customer and supplier relationships. Promising areas include vulnerable road users, pyro-safety devices, commercial vehicles, digital services and safety for motorized two-wheelers.

Although acquisition-driven growth is not our top priority, it could support our ability to pursue strategic structural growth opportunities. During 2021 we have collected the adjacent opportunities into the new business, Mobility Safety Solutions.



Employees



# Flawless
Execution



In order to successfully grow our profitability, we continuously improve productivity, efficiency and effectiveness across all aspects of our business. Robust processes, supported by increased digitalization, are key to flawless and optimized execution. As approximately half of our costs pertain to purchased components, the capabilities, competencies and efficiency of our supply base is vital for our success.

## Product and Process Management

To reduce product cost, we have implemented a number of initiatives. These include enhancing our end-to-end product planning and product management processes, consistently applying design for manufacturing, modularization and ensuring proven product and process robustness throughout the product life cycle. We use advanced expertise in a systematic way to further improve all our processes. Design for manufacturing will be fully integrated into the Autoliv Production System.

## RD&E Effectiveness

We are enhancing our engineering productivity through the Engineering 4.0 program. This program is aimed at streamlining our processes through different initiatives, such as one flow of project data and virtual engineering to optimize part and product development and to reduce prototype and testing. Furthermore, our engineering processes are made more efficient through digitalization, automation and smart connectivity.

## Supply Chain Excellence

The success of Autoliv is dependent on competitive and innovative suppliers and partners who are successful in their respective businesses. Autoliv will continue to combine commercial supplier initiatives, development of our supply chain and supplier portfolio with improved change management. This is central for our ability to continuously reduce product cost.

We are identifying core and non-core processes in our make vs. buy study and developing relevant associated strategies. Our supply chain has improved and reinforced its end-to-end and cross-functional abilities to reduce costs post start of production.

## Benchmark Manufacturing

Autoliv will ensure that our manufacturing operations operate at benchmark levels. We will continue to drive our Autoliv Production System (APS), aiming for a top rate for all plants by 2023. We have already raised a meaningful number of our plants to a top rating. APS principles will also be expanded to other manufacturing areas. We have developed a roadmap for our Manufacturing 4.0 program and will accelerate our path to the connected factory. Further, we are reviewing and optimizing our manufacturing and technical center footprint. We are continuously evaluating our portfolio of sites from which we drive our footprint strategy.

This is necessary to meet our customers' demands and to remain competitive.



# Build a
Winning
Team



Our Ways of Working capture the essence of who we are as a company, how we relate to each other, our customers and the communities in which we operate. It lays the foundation for the governance of our company and attractiveness as an employer, and it provides a competitive advantage that is hard to replicate. The successful execution of our strategies relies on our ability to live our Ways of Working, and to adapt quickly to sudden shifts in our circumstances.

We build a winning high performing team by focusing on having the right people with the right skills, and creating a work environment that attracts, retains, and engages our employees. Through strategic workforce planning we identify talent needs, identify talent gaps and determine the appropriate mix of strategies to close these gaps. We take great pride in working together to provide life-saving solutions for mobility and society, and are always looking for new team members who share this passion. From the earliest stages of product development to sales and design to the final delivery of the finished product, we are driven by our ambition to save more lives. We want to be the best employer, strong and aligned Ways of Working and a robust leadership pipeline.

## Employee Development

Supporting the development of our employees is essential in a highly competitive and rapidly changing environment. We offer continuous personal development through purpose-led innovation and partnerships. We do so through the creation of an attractive workplace, providing a collaborative and positive work environment where we focus on performance, tackle challenges and achieve great things together. An important cornerstone of each employee's growth is the ongoing personal, transparent communication between the team member and manager, which is summarized during an annual performance and development dialogue (PDD). During 2021, 99% of targeted employees conducted a PDD with their managers. To further support the growth of our employees, we have a multitude of development channels, including facilitated and self-paced development programs, technical and specialist career paths, international assignments and other such programs. We promote continuous development on the job every day, and more than 4,000 employees attended at least one development program in 2021. In response to COVID-19 restrictions, we virtualized our face-to-face training and implemented a suite of self-paced learning programs.

## Health and Safety

We are committed to providing a work environment that promotes the health, safety and welfare of our employees. Each Autoliv facility implements our health and safety management system, which is supported by leadership teams. The implementation of the system is monitored through internal and external audits. In response to the challenges presented by COVID-19, we have encouraged and enabled employees to work remotely, when possible. For those who cannot effectively do their jobs remotely, we have put protocols in place to ensure a safe working environment.

## Diversity and Inclusion

The diversity of our people is one of the things that makes Autoliv great. Our workforce reflects the diversity of the countries and cultures in which we operate. The more diverse our organization, the better we will be at anticipating, leveraging, and adapting to future needs and changes. Inclusion is therefore fundamental to our Ways of Working and through inclusion of perspectives and utilizing diversity as an asset we will make better decisions. During the year, we broadened our approach to driving diversity and inclusion. This included setting expanded company-wide inclusion targets and processes to reach our ambition of embracing inclusive ways of working.

## Labor rights

We offer fair terms and conditions of employment. Our values, Code of Conduct, talent development strategies and employment policies support the principles in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the International Labor Organization's Fundamental Principles and Labor Standards.



## Creating
Shareholder Value

By ensuring customer satisfaction, maintaining tight cost control and developing new products, we generate cash for long-term growth, financial stability and competitive returns to our shareholders

Autoliv has a strong cash flow and cash generation focus. Our operating cash flow has always exceeded our capital expenditures. On average, our operations have generated around $754 million in cash per year over the last five years, while our capital expenditures, net, have averaged around $479 million per year during the same period.

## Capital efficiency

Our strong cash flow reflects both Autoliv’s earnings performance and our capital efficiency. During 2021, our capital turnover rate, meaning our sales in relation to average capital employed, increased from 2.0 to 2.2 times, in line with our 5-year average capital turnover rate.

## Our cash flow model

When analyzing how best to use each year’s cash flows from operations, Autoliv’s Executive Management and the Board of Directors use a model for creating shareholder value that considers variables such as the marginal cost of borrowing, the return on marginal investments and the price of Autoliv shares. When evaluating the various uses of cash, the need for flexibility is weighed against acquisitions and other potential uses of cash.

## Investing in operations

To create long-term shareholder value, cash flow from operations should only be used to finance investments in operations until the point when the return on investment no longer exceeds the cost of capital. Our historical weighted average cost of capital has been approximately between 10% and 13% in the past ten years. Autoliv's pre-tax return on capital employed has generally exceeded this level, except during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. During the last five years, the return on capital employed has varied between 10% and 20%, i.e. about one to two times the pre-tax cost of capital. In 2021, $454 million was reinvested in the form of capital expenditures, net. This corresponds to 60% of the year's operating cash flow of $754 million. Capital expenditure, net, was around 15% higher than depreciation and amortization as we invest in flexible automation and to support the strong organic growth we expect from executing on our strong order book in the coming years.

## Acquisitions, divestments and investments in assets

In order to accelerate company growth and create shareholder value over time, we could use some of the cash flow generated for acquisitions and for investments in assets such as joint ventures and intellectual property. These investments are typically made to consolidate our position in the industry, increase our vertical integration or expand into new markets. In the near future, we do not consider acquisitions as a high priority part of our strategy. Divestments could be carried out, for instance, with the objective to optimize the business culture and enhance the business focus. The latest major acquisition or divestment was in 2018, when we distributed our former Electronics business segment to our shareholders in the form of a dividend.

## Shareholder returns

Autoliv has historically used both dividend payments and share repurchases to create shareholder value, and we do not have a set dividend policy. Instead, the Board of Directors regularly analyzes which method is most effective in each instance, in order to create shareholder value. For the full year 2021, the dividend was increased from $0.62 to

Cash flow* vs. CapEx
US$ (Millions)



Assets by category
US$ (Millions)



$1.88 per share, as we reinstated our quarterly dividend in the second quarter. In total, $165 million was used to pay dividends to shareholders in 2021. Historically, the dividend has usually represented a yield of approximately 2-3% in relation to Autoliv's average share price, except in 2020, when dividend was only paid for one quarter, as a response to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021, this yield was around 2.0%. Repurchases of shares can create more value for shareholders than dividends, if the share price

Capital turnover rate
Times, sales in relation to average capital employed



2) Continuing Operations

Shareholder Returns
US$ (Millions)



appreciates over the long-term. This has been the case for Autoliv, as the Company's existing 15.3 million treasury shares have been repurchased at an average cost of $56.13 per share, while the closing price at the end of 2021 was $103.4. During 2020, Autoliv did not repurchase any shares. The current stock repurchase program authorized by the Board is to repurchase up to $1.5 billion, or 17 million common shares (whichever comes first), between January 2022 and the end of 2024.



## Autoliv's Model for Creating Shareholder Value
US$ (millions)



## Capital structure

Our debt limitation policy is to maintain a financial leverage commensurate with a “strong investment grade credit rating”. Our long-term target is to have a leverage ratio* of around 1 time and to be within the range of 0.5 and 1.5 times. In addition to the above, the objective is to provide the Company with sufficient flexibility to manage the inherent risks and cyclicality in Autoliv’s business and allow the Company to realize strategic opportunities and fund growth initiatives while creating shareholder value. In 2021, Autoliv was back inside the target range as profits recovered and cash flow remained solid. On December 31, 2021, the leverage ratio was 1.2 times. Autoliv holds a “BBB with stable outlook” long term credit rating from Standard & Poor’s. We aim to maintain a strong investment grade rating as our current capital structure should provide flexibility to generate further shareholder returns and the funding of our capital requirements.

## Shareholder information

Autoliv's common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") while Autoliv's Swedish depositary receipts (SDRs) are traded on NASDAQ Stockholm's list for large market cap companies. During 2021, the number of shares outstanding increased by 0.2 million to 87.5 million (excluding dilution and treasury shares). The weighted average number of shares outstanding for the full year 2021, assuming dilution, was 87.7 million. Stock options (if exercised) and granted restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance shares could increase the number of shares outstanding by 0.5 million shares in total. Combined, this would add 0.6% to the Autoliv shares outstanding. Autoliv estimates that there were approximately 50,000 beneficial Autoliv owners as of December 31, 2021. Around 23% of Autoliv's securities were held by US-based shareholders and around 60% by Sweden-based shareholders. Most of the remaining Autoliv securities were held in the UK, Switzerland, Norway, France and Germany.



<table><tr><td colspan="2">KEY STOCK PRICE DATA 2021</td><td colspan="2">THE LARGEST SHAREHOLDERS, Dec 31, 2021</td></tr><tr><td>NYSE</td><td>Price ()</td><td>Date</td><td>Holder name</td></tr><tr><td>First trading day</td><td>91.12</td><td>Jan 4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Year high</td><td>108.38</td><td>Jun 4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Year low</td><td>82.17</td><td>Sep, 20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Closing</td><td>103.41</td><td>Dec 31</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NASDAQ STOCKHOLM</td><td>Price (SEK)</td><td>Date</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>First trading day</td><td>754.8</td><td>Jan 4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Year high</td><td>964.4</td><td>Nov 16</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Year low</td><td>708.0</td><td>Sep, 20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Closing</td><td>940.0</td><td>Dec 30</td><td></td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td colspan="2">THE LARGEST SHAREHOLDERS, Dec 31, 2021</td></tr><tr><td>Holder name</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1. Cevian Capital AB</td><td>10%</td></tr><tr><td>2. AMF Tjänstepension AB</td><td>8%</td></tr><tr><td>3. Alecta Pension Insurance Mutual</td><td>7%</td></tr><tr><td>4. Swedbank Robur Fonder AB</td><td>7%</td></tr><tr><td>5. Nordea Investment Management AB</td><td>3%</td></tr></table>




Our
Sustainability
Approach



guided by our vision of Saving More Lives, our mission is to provide world-class, life-saving solutions for mobility and society. Sustainability is an integral part of our business strategy and a fundamental driver for
market differentiation and stakeholder value creation, helping to ensure that our business will continue to thrive and contribute to sustainable development in the long term. To truly be a driving force in sustainable mobility, we strive to systematically consider and manage material positive and negative impacts of our business, operations and products on society and the environment, and manage key risks in our supply chain. We also engage with our customers to ensure that we are part of driving the transition to low-carbon mobility, thus realizing new business potential.
During the year we launched an updated climate strategy and long-term ambitious climate targets covering our own operations and the supply chain, committed to Science Based Targets and strengthened our diversity and inclusion agenda.

Our sustainability approach is based on four focus areas, each consisting of broad ambitions and more specific short-term targets. These areas represent the strongest links to business risks and opportunities as well as impacts on key stakeholder groups, society and the environment. All areas represent global challenges where we believe that our work can make a positive difference, through our ways of working or by inspiring and collaborating with others.

For more information about performance data, definitions etc, see Sustainability Appendix on p. 53-56.

## United Nations Road
Safety Fund

Autoliv is supporting the United Nations Road Safety Fund, UNRSF, to strengthen insights into road safety challenges and contribute to safer mobility where it is most needed.

Cross-sectoral collaboration is key if the world is to advance its progress on the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Supporting the UNRSF is a valuable way for Autoliv to strengthen our insights and share our expertise about the main road safety challenges facing the world today. Through our business model and life-saving products, and by promoting the development of new methods, we have an important role to play. Saving more lives is an integral part of our sustainability agenda and our aim is to save 100,000 lives per year.

WE SUPPORT

UNRSF
UN ROAD SAFETY FUND

Focus Area

Ambitions

100,000 lives saved per year

• Zero accidents
• Embrace inclusive ways of working

• Carbon neutral in own operations by 2030
• Net zero emissions across our supply chain by 2040

• Prevent corruption and other unethical business practices

• Respect human rights

• Manage supply chain sustainability risks

Our core business and sustainability work contribute to the realization of a number of UN SDGs. Our core business directly contributes to reducing the number of road fatalities (SDG 2) and making transportation systems safer for everyone, including vulnerable road users (SDG 11). We actively support research and knowledge sharing that benefits developing markets (SDG 17). Over time, our climate agenda aims to not only greatly reduce our own negative environmental impact (SDG 9, SDG 13) but help drive

## Protecting vulnerable road users

Autoliv and the Piaggio Group, one of the leading manufacturers of scooters and motorcycles, are collaborating to develop an airbag for powered two-wheelers for greater rider safety.

A joint development agreement was signed by the two parties in 2021 for the purpose of developing airbags to provide greater protection for two-wheeler riders and enhance riding pleasure. The airbags will be mounted on the vehicle frame and will deploy in milliseconds.

The popularity of powered two-wheelers continues to rise, due to widespread urbanization and urban densification and to the practicality and ease of use of powered two-wheelers. Today scooters and motorcycles are equipped with advanced safety systems, such as ABS (Antilock Braking green innovation (SDG 12) among materials suppliers, vehicle manufacturers and energy providers (SDG 7). By proactively managing health and safety risks and labor rights (SDG 8), promoting diversity and inclusion (SDG 5) and holding all employees to the highest degree of ethical business standards (SDG 16), we lay the foundation for a high-performing organization where everyone has the means to speak up and drive improvement.



System) and ASR (Anti-Slip Regulation), and the addition of airbags will be a further step in this direction.

Autoliv is committed to our vision of Saving More Lives and to providing world-class, life-saving solutions for mobility and society. Therefore, we are developing products that specifically protect vulnerable road users. The development of these products is an integral part of our sustainability agenda.




## Sustainability Governance

Autoliv’s sustainability work is managed within a well-defined governance structure, through clearly established ownership and responsibilities at multiple levels in the organization.

The underlying principle of our governance model is integrating sustainability responsibilities into the ordinary course of business and company processes. This means that ultimate responsibility for execution of sustainability activities and targets lies with the line organization and is regularly monitored through management reporting. According to our Key Behaviors, we expect every employee to take ownership of sustainability topics by proactively contributing improvement ideas as well as by following company policies and standards.

The ultimate oversight for the company’s sustainability activities lies with the Board of Directors. The Board sets the direction for the sustainability activities and regularly monitors progress on Autoliv’s sustainability strategy through its Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (NCGC). The Board reviews and approves the Code of Conduct as well as the Annual and Sustainability Report and the Modern Slavery Act Statement.

Implementation responsibility for sustainability lies with the Executive Management Team (EMT). The EMT has appointed a Sustainability Board charged with providing direction and oversight. The Sustainability Board consists of the CEO and other EMT members and meets typically on a quarterly basis. The Sustainability Board reviews Autoliv's sustainability strategy as well as its annual and long-term plans, targets and policies for key topics, and monitors implementation. In 2021, a special steering committee was formed to steer the development of the climate strategy and related targets. The steering committee, which consisted of the Sustainability Board members and other key senior management representatives, met on a monthly basis. For more information about governance related to climate-related matters, see the TCFD disclosure, p. 58-59.

Integration of sustainability into Autoliv’s business is led by the Group HR & Sustainability function. The Vice President Sustainability, who reports to the Executive Vice President HR and Sustainability, coordinates, develops and monitors Autoliv’s sustainability agenda and facilitates the Sustainability Board meetings and other sustainability-related reporting to management. Everyday sustainability topics are managed, as appropriate, by the corporate sustainability function, divisions and other corporate functions such as supply chain management, research, development and engineering, and legal and compliance.

Read more about governance as it relates to compliance and integrity in Responsible Business, p. 41-43.

## Sustainability Governance

Board of Directors

Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee

Executive Management Team

Sustainability Board

Climate Steering Committee (2021)

EVP, HR & Sustainability

VP, Sustainability

Organization

Functions

Divisions

All employees

## Risk Management

Autoliv has a global risk management organization and utilizes several different tools, such as an enterprise risk management (ERM) framework, which includes annual, divisional and corporate risk mapping activities, and follow-up of the effectiveness of risk mitigation measures. Furthermore, there are corporate standards for site risk management, loss prevention, emergency procedures, business contingency planning and physical security. We include sustainability risks, such as product safety, climate change, environmental compliance, water scarcity, health and safety and other labor rights, business ethics and supply chain sustainability, in our overall risk management framework. We assess how sustainability relates to business risks, such as legal proceedings, regulatory changes, contingent liabilities, supply chain disruptions and operational disruptions.

A more detailed description of Autoliv’s material operational, strategic and financial risks, including sustainability-related topics, can be found in the “Risk Factors” and “Risks and Risk Management” sections of 10-K filed with the SEC. More information on climate-related risks can be found in the TCFD disclosure, p. 58-59.



# Road Safety
– a Global Challenge



When the UN SDGs were launched, road safety was made a global priority – for good reason. 1.35 million people die in traffic every year, a figure likely to increase significantly unless disruptive action is taken. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among young people between the ages of 5 and 29. Low- and middle-income countries are hit the hardest, accounting for over 90% of global traffic deaths. As well as being a public health problem, road traffic injuries are a development issue: according to WHO, low- and middle-income countries lose approximately 3% of their GDP as a result of road traffic crashes. Many families are driven into poverty by the loss of a breadwinner or by the expenses of prolonged medical care.

## Distribution of fatalities by road user type



● Driver/passengers of 4-wheeled vehicles

● Riders of motorized 2 and 3-wheelers

Cyclists

Pedestrians

Others



Source: WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018.

In August 2020, the UN General Assembly adopted the resolution "Improving global road safety", proclaiming the Second Decade of Action for Road Safety 2021-2030. The target, strongly linked to SDG 3.6, is to reduce road traffic deaths and injuries by at least 50% by 2030. According to the resolution, vehicle safety is a key component and member states are encouraged to adopt vehicle safety regulations that make seatbelts, airbags and active safety systems standard equipment.

## Our ambition and approach

Saving more lives is our core business and our most important contribution to sustainable development and the realization of SDG 3.6. According to our estimations, our products in use already save close to 35,000 lives per year and prevent more than 300,000 severe injuries.

Our long-standing ambition is for our products to save 100,000 lives per year. Reaching the ambition is based on:

● Retaining our strong market position and continue to grow in our core business, including increasing content per vehicle

● Successfully expanding our business in new mobility segments, including vulnerable road user protection

● Increased multi-stakeholder efforts in education to increase seatbelt use, as they are the most effective in reducing fatalities

## Community involvement in road safety awareness

We regularly engage with local communities and stakeholders where we operate, providing support in many areas where it's needed. Most related to our core business, we contribute to road safety awareness through countrywide initiatives as well as local events and partnerships.

During the year, initiatives in most locations were limited due to the pandemic. Examples of initiatives include:

● Autoliv in China developed safety training material together with CATARC and the traffic regulatory office, and provided safety education in primary schools and at the Shanghai Traffic Day

● Autoliv in Japan distributed road safety awareness posters to 11 primary schools, and provided safety awareness information alongside free vaccinations for employees' family members, subcontractors' employees and high school students

● Autoliv in the US collaborated with several universities on a number of research projects. Together with universities in Utah, Autoliv employees acted as mentors to students tasked with developing or improving on Autoliv testing equipment or products

Read more about how our R&D agenda and research collaborations help push the boundaries of safe mobility in innovating for a Safer Society, p. 20-21.







Targets:

0.35
Incident Rate
by 2023

2021 Outcome: 0.39

3.8
Severity Rate
by 2023

2021 Outcome: 5.51

95%
of senior and mid-level
management trained in
unconscious bias by 2023
Ambitions:

Zero accidents
Embrace inclusive
ways of working

22%
women in senior
management by 2023

2021 Outcome: No change

2021 Outcome: 17%

## Health and Safety

## Our ambition and approach

Autoliv is committed to providing safe working conditions for our employees and contractors. We believe that work-related injuries and illnesses are preventable and continually strive to eliminate all workplace accidents. The responsibility for health and safety (H&S) starts with senior management. All employees share a responsibility for identifying and eliminating unsafe conditions and behaviors, and for speaking up.

## Leadership commitment

Leaders at all levels of the organization are actively involved in creating a culture that supports and promotes strong H&S performance and continuous improvement.

## Employee involvement

Employees are actively engaged in all aspects of H&S performance, including establishing goals, identifying and reporting hazards/risks, investigating incidents and tracking progress.

## Work safety is a condition for employment

Every employee is responsible for contributing to their own workplace safety.

## Recognition and control of risks

Processes and procedures are implemented to proactively identify, prevent, reduce and/or control potential hazards/risks.

## Continuous improvement

Processes and procedures are implemented to monitor H&S, verify implementation, identify defects and provide opportunities for improvement.

Sustainability

## Health and safety management

Every facility is required to implement Autoliv's health and safety management system (HSMS), which is aligned with ISO 45001 requirements. The HSMS is supported by leadership teams who encourage operators and visitors to engage in and proactively speak up about health and safety concerns and to take responsibility for safety.

Implementation of the system is monitored through internal audits and external certification audits. At year end, 29% (15% in 2020) of our facilities were externally certified in accordance with OHSAS 18001 or ISO 45001 and the remainder meet the requirements through HSMS implementation.

The cornerstone of our HSMS is Hazard Risk Assessments. These assessments establish the primary principles and internal standards by which H&S activities and operations are managed and provide a factual basis for identifying significant hazards/risks and implementing continuous improvement activities to eliminate or mitigate these.

During 2021, as part of the efforts to create a step change in H&S leadership, H&S continued to be a key topic during all EMT and Divisional Management Team meetings. Significant efforts were made to implement leading indicators such as near miss reporting and “zero defect” activities, meaning observing and reporting on potential and actual unsafe conditions and behaviors. This was supported by further development of the internal EHS Dashboard, which is used by managers at all facilities to track performance and prioritize risk prevention activities. A pilot program related to safety leadership training was initiated and will be expanded in coming years in the form of mandatory training for all managers.

## COVID-19 response

Much of our H&S work in 2021 focused on continued management of risks related to COVID-19, including the spread of new variants. The guiding star of our prevention work is the "Smart Start Playbook" developed in 2020. The Smart Start Playbook establishes working protocols based on best practice guidelines from WHO and national health authorities. During the year, the Smart Start Playbook was further developed by creating exit strategies for returning to normal operations as the effects of the pandemic decrease. In 2022, we will continue to take necessary action depending on how the pandemic evolves.

We continued to promote vaccinations as a primary means of protection of our employees. We offered vaccination for employees at local clinics where possible, in some cases extending the vaccination to their families. In general, thanks in part to our efforts, the vaccination rate in our facilities outperformed national vaccination rates.

In addition, we provided support for a number of local and international vaccination initiatives, including a donation to UNICEF to fully vaccinate 34,000 people and to the NGO Pratham to distribute medical equipment and face masks.

## Inclusion

## Our ambition and approach

Inclusive ways of working are an asset and a fundamental part of the Autoliv Key Business model. We launched during the year. We believe that everyone should be respected and treated fairly, and we are committed to providing an inclusive and diverse workplace where everyone can be themselves, deliver results and bring their authentic selves to work. Including a multitude of perspectives is an integral part of successful decision-making in all parts of the organization and helps drive innovation and create long-term sustainable shareholder value in a rapidly changing industry.

## Broadened approach and targets

During the year, we broadened our approach to driving diversity and inclusion. This included setting expanded company-wide inclusion targets reflecting both the need to measure where we stand today and the processes needed to reach our ambition of embracing inclusive ways of working.

Activities during the year included conducting a pilot pay gap review and launching unconscious bias training targeting senior and mid-level management. 42% of the target group, including the EMT, underwent the training program. In 2022, the training will be introduced for all mid-level leaders and expanded to include additional content on global inclusion.

The company-wide employee survey included items to measure key aspects of an inclusive work environment. The scores showed overall consistent results from 2020 with a slight improvement in authenticity and a slight decrease in perceived fairness. However, in both cases the Autoliv results were significantly higher than the external benchmark.

For more information about employee development, see Build a Winning Team, p. 29.

Including a multitude of perspectives is an integral part of successful decision-making in all parts of the organization and helps drive innovation and create long-term sustainable shareholder value in a rapidly changing industry.




Targets:

Carbon neutral in own operations by 2030

2021 Outcome: 436 kton CO \( _{2} \) e

1270 reduction in energy intensity by 2023

2021 Outcome: 10% above 2018 baseline

Ambitions:
Carbon neutral
in own operations by 2030
Net-zero emissions
across our supply chain by 2040

Year-on-year reduction in waste Continuous

2021 Outcome: 3% increase from previous year

## Our ambition and approach

We are committed to operating our business in an environmentally sustainable manner, meaning developing and producing products in a resource-efficient way while limiting our environmental impact in the most material areas of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy use, waste and water. With particular emphasis on climate action, we actively engage with customers, suppliers and other stakeholders to take on the decarbonization challenge across the value chain and drive sustainable mobility.

## Updated climate strategy

In 2021, we launched an updated climate strategy including new long-term climate ambitions:

Carbon neutrality in own operations by 2030

Net-zero across our supply chain by 2040

These industry-leading climate ambitions are aligned with a 1.5°C trajectory and represent a serious step up in ambition level from earlier short-term climate targets. They position us as the supplier of choice for the most progressive customers, helping to ensure our competitiveness now and in the future. In addition to these ambitions,

we adopted Science Based Targets for 2030 covering our operations as well as our supply chain. The targets were approved in January 2022 and are available on the SEBTI website.



During the year, we carried out

extensive work to assess our full value chain GHG emissions and to define a number of company-wide initiatives that will help us meet the targets. This work also included a scenario-based climate risk and opportunity assessment. Read more in the TCFD disclosure on p. 58-59.

The GHG footprint assessment, which was carried out in accordance with the GHG Protocol Scope 3 Calculation

Autoliv GHG footprint across own operations and our supply chain \( ^{1} \) 
Kton CO \( _{2} \) e 2018



1) Considering the challenges related to accurately calculating (upstream) scope 3 emissions such as accuracy of historical data and the availability and applicability of emission factors, actual (upstream) scope 3 emissions may differ materially from those modelled. The modelling primarily aims to identify the major sources of scope 3 emissions across the value chain, which supports Autoliv in developing specific activities for improvement and implement the relevant measures. Autoliv aims to, over time, increase the accuracy of reported scope 3 emissions by addressing material uncertainties. The illustration above does not include modelled downstream scope 3 emissions, including emissions from the use phase of vehicles where Autoliv's products are installed. Our Scope 3 emissions, indicated above, do not include any emissions from the vehicles that contain our products.

Guidance, covered the entire value chain. Scope 1 and 2 emissions were calculated based on actual operational data such as energy consumption, and Scope 3 emissions were modelled based on actual and estimated sourcing data and generic emission factors. The assessment showed that for the emissions covered by our long-term ambitions (Scope 1, 2 and Scope 3 upstream), materials used in our production (in particular steel, textile and other plastics as well as magnesium) were the largest contributors, followed by emissions from logistics and electricity used in own operations. Downstream Scope 3 emissions, in particular use-phase emissions, constituted the largest share of the total GHG footprint. Since we consider our possibility to reduce downstream Scope 3 emissions to be greatly limited (as such reductions are mainly driven by our customers' work on electrification), they are excluded from our long-term ambitions and Science Based Target covering Scope 3.

## Key initiatives

Key initiatives that we intend to implement to reach carbon neutrality in our own operations include:

Transitioning to low-carbon electricity at our facilities using a mix of on-site solar generation, long-term Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) and Renewable Energy Certificates (REC)

Continued focus on improving energy efficiency

Replacing current fossil-fueled equipment such as natural gas furnaces with electric options

Key initiatives that we intend to implement to reach net-zero emissions across our supply chain include:
Transition to recycled, bio-based and other low-carbon materials in our products

Requiring our suppliers to use low-carbon electricity in their production

Reducing the carbon footprint of our logistics, through route, capacity and footprint optimization and a shift towards low-carbon transportation modes and vehicles

In addition, we intend to develop attractive low-carbon product offerings, to support our customers in their transition to electrified, zero-emission vehicles.

During the year, we continued engaging with a broad range of materials suppliers to systematically review options for increasing the use of bio-based, recycled and low-carbon materials in our products. One example is the partnership between SSAB and Autoliv to research and develop fossil-free steel components for automotive safety products. This partnership aims to allow us to become the first automotive safety supplier to produce products such as airbags and seatbelts using fossil-free steel from the HYBRIT process.

We also continued our work to evaluate our main product families' overall environmental footprint through their life cycle. These life-cycle assessments (LCAs) were completed in 2021 and help prioritize actions in product development such as light-weighting and in sourcing of low-carbon materials. The LCAs also allow us to proactively engage with customers, highlighting the carbon footprint of our products and how embedded emissions can be reduced. Already today we offer our customers specific products that support their carbon footprint reduction strategies, such as lower weight products and products including recycled non-ferrous metals or low-carbon polymers.



## Environmental management

Autoliv's environmental management system (EMS), which applies to all sites, emphasizes continuous improvement and is aligned with ISO 14001 requirements. The EMS establishes the requirements for a standardized approach to environmental management, including identification of material environmental aspects, objective setting, competence development, performance follow-up and standardized reporting. All manufacturing facilities are required to complete an annual EMS self-assessment to verify the adherence of their local management system to the EMS and to identify opportunities for improvement. At year end, 90% of all manufacturing facilities (88% in 2020) were externally certified in accordance with ISO 14001 and the rest followed the principles of our EMS.

## Energy efficiency and renewable energy

Manufacturing facilities regularly conduct energy audits to find opportunities to improve energy efficiency. Energy efficiency initiatives during the year targeted such areas as air compressor leaks, waste heat recovery, installing LED lighting and replacing older equipment with new higher efficiency equipment. In total, close to 100 initiatives were ongoing or finalized.

At year end, we had on-site solar installations at a small number of manufacturing facilities, with more facilities using local solar Power Purchase Agreements. A number of facilities are planning to install on-site solar generation in 2022. On-site solar generation and purchased renewable energy through Goos, RECs or PPAs amounted to around 2% of total energy consumption. Work is ongoing to develop a global strategy for accelerating renewable electricity use.

## Materials and waste management

Materials management is an important part of our product development process, from identifying materials and their composition for new products to reporting on the material composition of our supplied parts to customers. We have clear requirements for reporting the material composition of our supplied parts and the restrictions to which certain substances will be subject. Autoliv's related standard for substance use restrictions is regularly reviewed and updated to meet the latest legal and customer requirements. Autoliv's classifications for declarable, restricted and prohibited substances are based on the Global Automotive Declarable Substance List (GADSL) and customer specifications, and are subject to governmental regulations. We continuously follow up with our suppliers to phase out substances according to the latest legal requirements.

We approach waste management through the principle of Reduce-Reuse-Recycle. As part of the EMS and our quality program QS, we continuously look for opportunities to reduce the amount of waste generated in production. Initiatives for reuse and recycling include recycling scrap airbags and selling the materials, such as metal, fabric and plastic, to local recycling companies. Several sites also use reusable packaging. Facilities are continuously researching options to direct their waste away from landfill and into a more circular path. The rate of reuse, recycling and energy recovery increased to 87% (86% in 2020) of total waste reported.

We continuously look for collaboration opportunities to improve waste management. During the year, we initiated a collaboration with a company that reuses waste polyurethane foam, a waste stream of steering wheel manufacturing, by blending it with cork. The collaboration started in Europe, and an assessment to determine the feasibility of extending the collaboration to other regions is ongoing.



Targets:

100%
in target group
completed anti-corruption training
Continuous

2021 Outcome: 99%

100%
in target group
Completed anti-
trust training
Continuous

2021 Outcome: 96%

100%
in target group
Code of Conduct
certified
Continuous

2021 Outcome: 99%

100%
in target group
suppliers sustainability
audited
by 2022

2021 Outcome: 81%

100%
direct material
suppliers sustainability
audited
by 2022

2021 Outcome: 99%

## SSAB to deliver Fossil-Free Steel to Autoliv

The collaboration with SSAB enables Autoliv to be at the forefront in producing automotive safety products with fossil-free steel.

In 2021, Autoliv and global steel company SSAB initiated a collaboration to research and develop fossil-free steel components for automotive safety products, such as air-bags and seatbelts. A new process aims to replace coking coal, traditionally needed for ore-based steelmaking, with hydrogen. The result will be unique: the world's first fossil-free steelmaking technology, with no carbon footprint.

Gradually switching to fossil-free steel in our products is an important step towards achieving our climate ambitions. By turning our commitment into action, we are well-positioned to continue supporting our customers and partners in their efforts to reach their sustainability goals.



## Our ambition and approach

How we do business is as important as the business we do. In a world that is becoming ever more transparent, complex, and regulated, this is not only the right thing to do, but essential to us remaining an employer and partner of choice.

Through our approach to responsible business, we work to continually strengthen how we:

● Prevent corruption and other illegal or unethical business practices wherever we operate

● Respect human rights across our value chain

● Manage sustainability risks through our supply chain

## Compliance and Corporate Integrity

## Our Code of Conduct

Our Code of Conduct (“Code”) is at the center of our compliance program as an essential tool to protect and empower our business and employees. It is available to all employees in 19 languages as well as externally on Autoliv’s website.

We regularly update the Code to keep it relevant and actively embraced. The Code was updated during the year and will be relaunched in early 2022. While long-standing priority topics such as anti-bribery, fair competition and respect and inclusion remain key elements, the updated Code provides more clarity regarding our expectations for developing risk areas such as information security, modern slavery, data privacy, and safety. In addition, it incorporates our newly introduced Key Behaviors, re-enforces our broad definition for Speaking Up and introduces our new Integrity Check.



## Our
Integrity
Check

If you answer any of these questions with a “no” or “I’m not sure”, pause and seek additional guidance.



Each year, all Autoliv employees in a leadership role must complete a Code of Conduct certification. The certification requires the disclosure of known violations of the Code and acknowledgement that leaders are aware of and promote the Code to their teams.

## Code and other compliance training

With direction from the Board of Directors and strategic input from the Management Board for Compliance and Corporate Integrity, we continually evolve and strengthen our compliance training program. Informed by continuous compliance risk assessment, any training intervention seeks to support both essential knowledge transfer as well as strengthening of skills and capabilities that enable our culture of integrity. Based on risk exposure, certain employee groups are enrolled in specific anti-bribery and antitrust training.

In 2021, we updated our antitrust and anti-bribery e-learning modules to better fill each employee's specific knowledge gaps and started to roll out shorter "Take 5" e-learning modules on topics like data privacy and interaction with public officials. We also created a new e-learning module about fair competition which will be launched in 2022.

## Anti-corruption

In line with our Anti-Corruption Policy, we compete vigorously and effectively while always complying with the applicable anti-corruption laws in all countries in which we operate. We have zero tolerance for any form of corruption in our business dealings and expect the same standards from our business partners. Management is responsible for evaluating each third-party relationship and assessing the risks involved. In 2021, we conducted corruption risk assessments in countries in Europe and Asia. Such assessments will continue in 2022 with a risk-based approach. In addition to e-learning, we introduced new face-to-face training about our anti-corruption policy.

## Antitrust

We believe in fair and open markets and comply with all competition and antitrust laws applying to our business. We regularly offer training and communication about how we can deal and compete fairly. To provide further clarity regarding our Antitrust and Competition Policy, we provide antitrust “Dos and Don’ts” guidelines with practical guidance. In 2021, we performed an internal antitrust program design self-assessment and based on defined improvement areas, we initiated updates to our policy and related procedures and communication. We also created a new e-learning module about fair competition, which will be launched in 2022.

## Speaking Up

The long-term effectiveness of our compliance program relies on our employees being empowered to speak up. In 2021, we renewed our policy and communication relating to speaking up, embracing a broad definition for speaking up to cover “any communication or discussion with the intent to bring positive change, show encouragement or highlight an issue for improvement”.

Our Speak Up approach covers not only concerns and breaches, but also ideas, sharing knowledge and expressing gratitude. This helps to reduce the common negative perception of speaking up. Although we believe this broader definition will benefit our business in all aspects of speaking up, we are still very clear that Autoliv employees are responsible for immediately reporting suspected or known violations of the Code of Conduct, the law or Autoliv's policies. All employees are frequently informed of the multiple channels available for raising such issues. In most cases, this should be to their manager or a member of local management. When this is not possible (for any reason) then colleagues in HR, the Legal Department, or Compliance Officers are always available, or the Autoliv Helpline can be used.



Our Helpline is a third party-operated reporting service available to all employees as well as third parties, where reports can be made without fear of retaliation. This can be done anonymously (where allowed by law) and/or confidentially in the language of any country where Autoliv operates. At Autoliv, we firmly state that no employee, or third party, should be adversely affected for reporting in good faith or for refusing to carry out a directive believed to constitute a violation of the Code or other Autoliv policies, laws, or regulations.

We take all reports seriously and investigate to determine whether there is any violation of the law, the Code or other Autoliv policies. If a case is substantiated, the Compliance team will develop a remediation plan with recommendations for how to prevent the situation from occurring in the future. The responsible management team will review the investigation results and recommendations, discuss with the investigation team, and decide on the final remediation plan including who is responsible for the actions agreed as well as the timeline.

In 2021, a total of 284 reports were received by the Compliance team. 88% were received via the Helpline reporting system (phone or web) and the other reports were raised internally, meaning reported directly to management, HR, the Legal or Compliance teams. Of the reports received, over 75% were opened for investigation. Of the closed investigations in 2021, 34% of the allegations or cases were substantiated or partially substantiated. Compared to previous years, 2021 saw an increase in the number of reports related to fraud and falsification as well as health and safety matters.
Every year, the status of our “speak up culture” is measured as part of the annual employee quality and culture survey through a set of questions related to, for example, comfort in the compliance reporting system or escalating problems as well as fear of retaliation. The results are used to pinpoint areas or sites with lower confidence levels in raising issues or reporting concerns in order to develop action plans as well as valuable input in the regular risk assessment process and compliance program plans.

## Data privacy

The data privacy team continued its work to track and implement development in data privacy requirements and legislation. The data privacy program was reviewed and benchmarked, and work is ongoing to implement improvements. Internal communication was strengthened, and new privacy trainings will be launched in 2022.

## Tax policy

At Autoliv, tax planning is carried out in compliance with all relevant laws, disclosure requirements and regulations while safeguarding shareholder interests as well as the organization's reputation and brand. All tax planning must be in line with Autoliv's business purpose and no artifice in organizational structure is permitted. Specifically, all Autoliv affiliates are required to pay all tax obligations and meet relevant payment deadlines, to fully comply with all relevant tax laws and accounting rules and regulations in the tax jurisdictions in which the business operates, and to be open and transparent with tax authorities about their tax liability. Where disputes arise, Autoliv will proactively seek to work cooperatively with full transparency.



## Human Rights

Human rights are an integral part of Autoliv’s sustainability agenda and cut across all sustainability focus areas. We are committed to respecting the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Our products save lives, and we need to ensure the quality and safety of our products as they never get a second chance. We are committed to offering a safe and inclusive workplace and respecting all other labor rights. Our climate agenda contributes to limiting global warming to 1.5°C, thereby mitigating the most severe impacts on societies. Our supply chain sustainability risk management also considers the human rights risks involved.

Human rights are part of the commitments of our Code of Conduct and Supplier Code. These standards are supported by topic-specific policies that cover human rights, such as our Health & Safety Policy, Respect in the Workplace Policy and Conflict Minerals Policy. Implementation of our commitments is ensured through management attention, management systems, standards, risk assessments, other tools and training. During 2022, we aim to further develop our human rights due diligence processes.

Human rights are also a cross-cutting theme in our community engagement activities. One such example is our and other large Swedish companies' long-standing collaboration with the NGO Pratham to ensure effective education for 30,000 children in Assam in India.

## Labor rights

Autoliv is committed to offering fair terms and conditions of employment. Our talent development strategies and employment policies support the International Labour Organization’s Fundamental Principles and Labor Standards. We strive to:

- Provide fair and equitable wages, working hours, benefits and other conditions of employment in accordance with applicable laws

- Recognize and respect employees’ right to freedom of association and collective bargaining

• Provide decent working conditions

• Prohibit child, forced and bonded labor

- Promote a safe workplace, free from any form of discrimination or harassment

Autoliv is committed to engaging in an open and transparent dialog with all employees and where applicable with representatives of organized labor groups, and recognizes and respects employees' rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining. In the majority of the countries where we operate, all or part of our workforce is covered by a collective bargaining agreement. In addition, we have a number of different mechanisms through which employees can bring up topics with management. These include Autoliv's Speak Up channels (including the Autoliv Helpline), an employee suggestion program, local Health and Safety Committees, and Operational Committees. The major unions representing Autoliv employees in different regions are disclosed as part of the 10-K filed with the SEC.

## Supply Chain
Sustainability

## Our ambition and approach

To manage our global supply chain in a responsible manner, we focus on integrating sustainability into existing supply chain management processes and work to ensure responsible sourcing of minerals.

During the year, we started to expand the scope of our supply chain sustainability risk management to also include indirect suppliers and strengthened our third-party compliance due diligence processes. Indirect suppliers and direct material suppliers are monitored in a live risk tool covering such factors as natural disasters, financial, reputational and cybersecurity risks and more. Autoliv's lead buyers are updated regularly with information related to their suppliers, allowing them to take action and if necessary, escalate to management.

Further information related to supply chain risks is available in the 10-K filed with the SEC.

## Supplier Code and Supplier Manual

We expect our suppliers to comply with the laws and regulations in the areas where they operate and to follow Autoliv's policies and procedures, including our Standards of Business Conduct and Ethics for Suppliers (Supplier Code). The Supplier Code conveys our expectation that suppliers will uphold our social, ethical and environmental standards in conducting their businesses, including human rights and working conditions, the environment, and business conduct and ethics. For direct material suppliers, the Supplier Code is included in the Autoliv Supplier Manual (ASM). All direct material suppliers are required to acknowledge their compliance with the ASM as part of our general terms and conditions and by signing a separate acknowledgement letter for the ASM. In the case of indirect suppliers, a reference to the Supplier Code is included in the general terms and conditions attached to purchasing orders. During the year, we initiated an update of our Supplier Code that will be completed in 2022.

## Audits

There are dedicated teams responsible for the quality management of our supply base, including mandatory steps such as qualification of a new direct material supplier or new supplier site and pre-qualification audits. Sustainability criteria are included as a module in the direct material supplier quality audits. These audits ensure that our suppliers adhere to Autoliv's standards as well as to applicable local laws and regulations, and establish a process for working with suppliers that fail to meet our policies and standards. If audited suppliers don't meet our requirements, an internal escalation process is in place to ensure that non-conformities are corrected or the supplier will be phased out. Once a direct material supplier has been approved, we have a three-year audit cycle for the sustainability audits.

At year end, 81% (49% in 2020) of direct material suppliers had undergone a sustainability audit. 100% of new direct material suppliers were audited as part of pre-qualification. Carrying out audits remained a challenge due to COVID-19 restrictions that prevented physical visits at our suppliers. Remote audits were carried out according to AIAG guidelines. We continued to develop the supplier sustainability audit criteria, process and capability to follow up, and provided further guidance to our supplier quality auditors who perform sustainability audits.

## Conflict minerals

Pursuant to SEC rules, conflict minerals include certain minerals (tin, tantalum, tungsten and/or gold) that originated in the Democratic Republic of Congo or an adjoining country and are sold to benefit groups financing armed conflicts in those regions. We recognize the need to end the illegal extraction and trade of natural resources, and the human rights violations, conflicts and environmental degradation that result from this trade. Our Conflict Minerals Policy provides further clarification regarding conflict minerals and its principles are incorporated into our Supplier Manual.

We have designed our conflict minerals approach in accordance with the related OECD Due Diligence Guidance, specifically as it relates to our position as a downstream purchaser. In order to comply with the SEC's conflict minerals rules and regulations and to ensure responsible sourcing of components, parts or products containing conflict minerals, we continuously review our supply chain and work with our suppliers to identify and improve the traceability of potential conflict minerals. We support industry initiatives, such as the Conflict-Free Smelter (CFS) Program, to validate that the metals used in our products do not contribute to conflicts and come from sustainable sources.

We have implemented a conflict minerals survey process covering our direct material supplies. The response rate to the latest completed survey was 99%. We are also working together with suppliers to better trace cobalt used in components supplied to us.

We publish an annual report on this conflict minerals process on our website. The 2021 report will be published in May 2022.

## Collaboration Building
Shared Commitment

Supplier conferences are an important tool in Autoliv's communication with our supply base. The purpose is to highlight Autoliv's strategic priorities and our expectations of our suppliers. We describe what is important and elaborate on the background of our priorities.

During 2021, we conducted two supplier conferences. One described Autoliv's strategic priorities overall, and how we collaborate with the supply base to achieve these. The second meeting was fully dedicated to quality, explaining why quality is so important to us and the fact that our products never get a second chance. We focused on what we and our customers expect from our suppliers in terms of quality assurance and continuous improvement, as well as providing guidance on how to achieve this.

Together with other initiatives, this helps Autoliv to build an even stronger supply chain, where transparency supports resilience and a willingness to continuously develop together. It is an open collaboration that builds a shared commitment to creating breakthrough safety solutions.






## Board of Directors



Jan Carlson
Chairman since 2014, and
Director since 2007.



Mikael Bratt
President and CEO of Autoliv Inc.
and Director since 2018.



Laurie Blras
Director since 2020. Member of the Audit Committee, and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Risk and Compliance Committee.



Hasse Johansson
Director since 2018. Member of the Audit Committee and the Risk and Compliance Committee.



Mikael Bratt
President and CEO.
Employed 2016.



Per Ericson
Executive Vice President,
Human Resources & Sustainability.
Employed 2020.



Magnus Jarlegren
Executive Vice President, Operations.
Employed 2019.



Leif Johansson
Director since 2016. Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Member of the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee.



Franz-Josef Kortüm
Director since 2014. Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Lead Independent Director.



Frédéric Lissalde
Director since 2020. Chair of the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee and member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.



Min Liu
Director since 2019. Member of the Audit Committee and the Risk and Compliance Committee.



Jordi Lombarte
Executive Vice President,
Chief Technology Officer.
Employed 1991.

Svante Mogefors
Executive Vice President, Quality.
Employed 1996.



Colin Naughton
President, Autoliv Asia.
Employed 1995.



Anthony Nellis
Executive Vice President,
Legal Affairs General Counsel & Secretary.
Employed 2002.



Xiaozhi Liu
Director since 2011. Member of the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee.



Martin Lundstedt
Director since 2021 and a member of the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee.



Thaddeus “Ted” Senko
Director since 2018. Chamber of the Audit Committee and member of the Risk and Compliance Committee.



Frithjof Oldorff
President, Autoliv Europe.
Employed 2019.



Christian Swahn
Executive Vice President,
Supply Chain Management.
Employed 2019.



Fredrik Westin
Executive Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer.
Employed 2020.



Sng Yih
President, Autoliv China. \( ^{1} \) 
Employed 2022.

For more information, refer to the section on Corporate Governance and the proxy statement on www.autoliv.com

For more information, refer to the section on Corporate Governance and the proxy statement on www.autoliv.com

1) Following Jennifer Cheng's retirement, the new President Autoliv China, Sng Yih, joined in January 2022.



## Contacts and Calendar

AUTOLIV, INC.
Visiting address:
Klarabergsviadukten 70, Section B,
7th Floor, Stockholm, Sweden
Postal address:
P.O. Box 70381, SE-107 24 Stockholm, Sweden
Tel: +46 (0)8 587 20 600
E-mail: info@autoliv.com
www.autoliv.com

CONTACT OUR BOARD
Autoliv, Inc.
P.O. Box 70381, SE-107 24 Stockholm, Sweden
Tel: +46 (0)8 587 20 600
E-mail: legalaffairs@autoliv.com

The Board, individual directors and the committees of the Board can be contacted using the address above. Contact can be made anonymously and communication with individual directors is not screened. The relevant chairman receives all such communication after it has been determined that the content represents a message to such chairman.

STOCK TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
www.computershare.com

INVESTOR REQUESTS
Autoliv, Inc.,
P.O. Box 70381, SE-107 24, Stockholm, Sweden
Tel: +46 (0)8 587 20 671
E-mail: ir@autoliv.com

2022 PRELIMINARY FINANCIAL CALENDAR
April 22, Financial Report Q1
May 10, Annual Stockholders Meeting
July 22, Financial Report Q2
October 21, Financial Report Q3

Concept and Design: PCG
Photos: Lars Tranguis, Christian Wyrwa, Dan Kullberg, Jason Loudermilk Photography, Kun Li, Getty Images, PlainPicture Ltd., IO Studio, Björn Nilsson Graphics, Spectrum digitale medien GmbH, Jose Lue, Plaggio Group, Emmy Jonsson



## Sustainability
Appendix

Pages 36-49 and 53-59 comprise Autoliv's Sustainability Report 2021. Unless otherwise stated, this report covers Autoliv Inc. and all companies over which Autoliv Inc. directly or indirectly exercises control, which as a general rule means that the company owns more than 50% of the voting rights (operational control approach). With respect to environmental data from joint ventures, the equity share approach has been applied.

## GHG emissions accounting

The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard has been applied to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions accounting and reporting. Emission factor sources used are EPA (energy fuels), IPCC AR5 (fugitive emissions) and IEA (location-based scope 2 emissions). Market-based emissions are generally based on information provided by the respective electricity providers. Where such factors were not available, the location-based factor has been used.

## Changes and restatements

In 2021, there were no material changes in reporting scope. Minor corrections to data, scope or definitions may have resulted in small changes to previously reported numbers. The following material changes and restatements have been made from the Sustainability Report 2020:

Market-based scope 2 emissions as well as upstream scope 3 emissions have been added

- Location-based scope 2 emissions have been recalculated using more updated emission factors, resulting in an overall decrease compared to previously reported figures

## External reporting guidelines

We consider our Sustainability Report aligned with the EU Non-Financial Reporting Directive. The Appendix includes references to the SASB Auto Parts Sustainability Accounting Standard. In addition, TR-AP-520a 1 is reported under the “Contingent liabilities” footnote to the financial statements contained in Autoliv’s periodic reports (10-Q and 10-K) filed with the SEC. We have used the GRI Standards to inform our reporting, and relevant references to these standards are included in the Appendix. This report is not prepared in accordance with the GRI standards. The Sustainability Report is not subject to external assurance.

Autoliv does not consider its economic activities as taxonomy eligible. We participate actively in the work of the European automotive supplier industry association CLEPA to develop a common position regarding taxonomy eligibility and useful taxonomy alignment guidance.

## Communication on Progress

In addition, this Sustainability Report serves as Autoliv's Communication on Progress related to the UN Global Compact. The following sections demonstrate our commitment to implementing the Global Compact principles.:

Saving More Lives: Principles 1, 2

A safe and inclusive workplace: Principle 6

Climate action: Principles 7, 8, 9

Responsible business: Principle 10



<table><tr><td colspan="6">Saving More Lives</td></tr><tr><td>Targets &amp; Metrics</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td><td>Comments</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100,000 lives saved per year by 2030</td><td>Close to 35,000</td><td></td><td></td><td>We estimate that in addition to lives saved, more than 300,000 serious injuries are prevented annually.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Share of global recalls (\%)¹</td><td>−2%</td><td>−2%</td><td>−2%</td><td>The share is calculated as a ten year rolling average based on information from national official databases.</td><td></td></tr></table>

## A Safe and Inclusive Workplace

<table><tr><td>Targets &amp; Metrics</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td><td>Comments</td></tr><tr><td>Health and Safety \( ^{A} \)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.35 Incident Rate by 2023</td><td>0.39</td><td>0.48</td><td>0.57</td><td>Number of reportable injuries, i.e. injuries that require treatment beyond first aid or results in one or more days of lost time, per 200,000 employee hours of exposure.</td></tr><tr><td>3.80 Severity Rate by 2023</td><td>5.51</td><td>4.26</td><td>5.82</td><td>Total days away from work due to a work-related reportable injury and/or illness per 200,000 employee hours of exposure.</td></tr><tr><td>Fatalities</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>The fatality in 2021 was traffic-related, taking place on Autoliv premises but outside the direct work area. As a response, the incident was closely investigated, related guidelines were revised and appropriate actions were taken.</td></tr><tr><td>Share of production sites ISO 45001/OHSAS 18001 certified (%)</td><td>29%</td><td>15%</td><td>12%</td><td></td></tr></table>

A) GRI 403: Occupational Health and Safety

<table><tr><td colspan="6">Inclusion</td></tr><tr><td>95% of senior and mid-level management trained in unconscious bias by 2023</td><td>42% trained</td><td>Not applicable</td><td>Not applicable</td><td>Training started in 2021.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Year-on-year improvement in Employee experience. Continuous</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>- Authenticity</td><td>80</td><td>80</td><td>77</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>- Perceived fairness</td><td>73</td><td>73</td><td>71</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>22% women in senior management by 2023</td><td>17%</td><td>22%</td><td>21%</td><td>Senior management consists of around 110 employees. The decrease in 2021 was caused by senior management being extended to also include some plant managers, a group that is predominantly male.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Share of women in the workforce (%)</td><td>47%</td><td>47%</td><td>46%</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Share of women in the Executive Management Team (%)</td><td>8%</td><td>8%</td><td>17%</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td colspan="6">Climate Action</td></tr><tr><td>Targets &amp; Metrics</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td><td>Comments</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Carbon neutrality in own operations by 2030</td><td>436 kton CO2e</td><td>413 kton CO2e</td><td>433 kton CO2e</td><td>Includes scope 1 and 2 (market-based) emissions.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12% reduction in energy intensity by 2023</td><td>10% above baseline</td><td>11% above baseline</td><td>1% below baseline</td><td>Baseline 2018. Energy intensity is calculated as energy consumption per part delivered.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Year-on-year reduction in waste Continuous</td><td>3% increase</td><td>9% decrease</td><td>12% decrease</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">GHG EmissionsA</td></tr><tr><td>Direct (scope 1) GHG emissions (kton CO2e)</td><td>103</td><td>98</td><td>107</td><td>In 2021, 41% of scope 1 emissions were fugitive emissions, mainly SF6.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Indirect (scope 2) GHG emissions (kton CO2e)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>- Market-based</td><td>333</td><td>315</td><td>326</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>- Location-based</td><td>290</td><td>270</td><td>280</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scope 3 emissions (kton CO2e)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>For more information on scope 3 modelling, see p. 42-43 and 53. 2021 emissions have been modelled based on 2018 data and adjusted for sales. Downstream scope 3 emissions are considered indirect and not included. More detailed information will be available in Autoliv&#x27;s forthcoming CDP response.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>- Purchased goods and services (categorization)</td><td>2,600 (2,710 2018)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>- Upstream transportation (category 4)</td><td>380 (400 2018)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>- Other upstream (categories 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8)</td><td>170 (230 2018)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>3,150 (3,350 2018)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">A) GRI 305: Emissions</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">EnergyA</td></tr><tr><td>Energy use (GWh)1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>In 2021, around 2% of total energy consumption was renewable.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>- Direct</td><td>291</td><td>274</td><td>305</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>- Indirect</td><td>643</td><td>608</td><td>645</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>934</td><td>882</td><td>950</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">1) SASB TR-AP-130a 1.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">A) GRI 302: Energy</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">WasteA</td></tr><tr><td>Waste (kton)1</td><td>92</td><td>90</td><td>99</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Share of waste by type (%)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>- Non-hazardous</td><td>89%</td><td>90%</td><td>90%</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>- Hazardous</td><td>11%</td><td>10%</td><td>10%</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Share of waste by treatment (%)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>- Reuse, recycling, energy recovery</td><td>87%</td><td>86%</td><td>85%</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>- Mass burn, landfill</td><td>13%</td><td>14%</td><td>15%</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">1) SASB TR-AP-150a 1.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">A) GRI 306: Energy</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Other</td></tr><tr><td>Water use (m3)A</td><td>2,320,000</td><td>2,180,000</td><td>2,130,000</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Share of production sites ISO 14001 certified (%)</td><td>90%</td><td>88%</td><td>85%</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Number of significant spills, and related fines</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>A significant spill is defined as having a financial impact of USD 100,000 or more.</td><td></td></tr></table>

A) GRI 303: Water and Effluents



<table><tr><td colspan="6">Responsible Business</td></tr><tr><td>Targets &amp; Metrics</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td><td>Comments</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Business Ethics</td></tr><tr><td>100% in target group completed anti-corruption training ContinuousA</td><td>99%</td><td>96%</td><td>98%</td><td>Target group is based on the risk exposure of certain employee groups. In 2021, more than 6,000 employees were enrolled in training.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100% in target group completed antitrust training Continuous</td><td>96%</td><td>97%</td><td>99%</td><td>Target group is based on the risk exposure of certain employee groups. In 2021, more than 5,500 employees were enrolled in training.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100% in target group Code of Conduct certified Continuous</td><td>99%</td><td>99%</td><td>97%</td><td>Target group is employees in a leadership role. In 2021, more than 3,000 leaders were enrolled in training.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Supply Chain Sustainability</td></tr><tr><td>100% direct material suppliers sustainability audited ContinuousA</td><td>81%</td><td>49%</td><td>44%</td><td>100% of new suppliers were sustainability audited.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100% direct material suppliers respond to conflict minerals survey Continuous</td><td>99%</td><td>100%</td><td>94%</td><td>The survey period runs from October to May. The 2021 figure represents the survey that closed in May 2021.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Compliance Speak Up</td></tr><tr><td>Number of Compliance Speak Up reports</td><td>284</td><td>301</td><td>442</td><td>Other channels include internal reports directly to management, HR, the Legal or Compliance teams.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>- Reported through Autoliv Republic (%)</td><td>88%</td><td>85%</td><td>92%</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>- Reported through other channels (%)</td><td>12%</td><td>15%</td><td>8%</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Compliance Speak Up reports per 100 employees</td><td>0.47</td><td>0.44</td><td>0.68</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">Labor Rights</td></tr><tr><td>Share of employees covered by collective bargaining agreements (%)C</td><td>-50%</td><td>-50%</td><td>-50%</td><td>2020 figure estimated based on 2019 and 2021 data. Around 80% of the countries where Autoliv has employees have collective bargaining agreements.</td><td></td></tr></table>

A) GRI 205: Anti-corruption
B) GRI 308: Supplier Environmental Assessment; GRI 414: Supplier Social Assessment

C) GRI 2-30: Collective bargaining agreements

# TCFD Disclosure

Autoliv sees the management of risks and opportunities related to climate change – one of society’s greatest challenges - as key in ensuring long-term business success. This disclosure, aligned with the TCFD recommendations, aims to give an overview of Autoliv’s work in this area.

## Governance

The Board of Directors is ultimately responsible for the oversight of sustainability-related matters, including climate change, but has delegated certain responsibilities to its committees. The Board of Directors and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee receive regular updates on climate-related matters and performance. In 2021, the Board of Directors endorsed Autoliv's long-term climate ambitions as well as strategic direction related to reaching the ambitions.

The Executive Management Team (EMT) has the implementation responsibility of sustainability-related matters, including climate change. In addition, during 2021, as the new climate ambitions and strategy were being developed, a temporary dedicated Climate Steering Committee, consisting of the CEO and other EMT members, was formed. The Committee met on a regular basis to ensure close oversight of the development of the climate strategy including e.g. target setting, roadmap development, financial and organizational governance and training. Going forward, the underlying governance principle of the climate program is detailed integration into existing governance structures. The Sustainability Board will have overall climate program oversight while other relevant company Boards consisting of members of management such as the Industrial & Production Board, Innovation Board and Commercial Board focus on specific program areas. Performance against climate-related targets will be reviewed regularly by the EMT, divisional and other functional management teams.

The Executive Vice President HR and Sustainability, supported by the VP Sustainability, is ultimately responsible for the overall program definition, governance and ensuring implementation progress.

For more information about sustainability governance, see pages 32-33.

## Strategy

Climate change is integrated into Autoliv's business strategy. We cascade the strategy through established steering mechanisms such as annual business planning and target setting. Read more about ongoing initiatives and work on pages 38-40.

## Scenario analysis

During 2021, as part of the development of the updated climate strategy, we carried out our first climate scenario analysis. The analysis covered both transition and physical risks based on a 2°C (equivalent to RCP 4.5) scenario and a 3-4°C (equivalent to RCP 8.5) scenario. Transition risks were assessed on a 2030-2040 timeframe, while physical risks were assessed on a 2050 timeframe.

From a financial impact perspective, the most material transition risks identified were the risk of a global decrease in overall vehicles sales, increasing price on raw materials with a large carbon footprint as a result of various carbon pricing mechanisms, as well as potential revenue loss if Autoliv fails to meet increasingly strict supplier requirements from OEMs who themselves have set strict GHG emissions reductions targets.

The most material physical risks identified, generally connected to a 3-4°C scenario, were factors that would lead to production disruption, such as wildfires, flooding and extreme heat. These risks were seen as particularly high in countries and regions such as the Southwest US, Mexico, India and China. These risks are also expected to impact suppliers and customers in these regions.

The most material opportunity identified relates to building a strong position among climate-progressive OEMs including EV manufacturers as a supplier of low-carbon components as well as energy and materials efficiency. Going forward, we aim to actively develop and market



low-carbon product offerings and form partnerships with customers to help them reduce the carbon footprint of their products. In addition, efforts to increase the energy and materials efficiency of our operations will support in reducing related OPEX. As part of our climate transition plan, we aim to further develop and use scenarios as a supporting tool in quantifying the financial impacts of climate-related risks and opportunities, including setting a price on carbon and other climate-related financial KPIs.

## Risk management

In 2021, climate-related risks were identified and assessed as part of the scenario analysis. Going forward, they will be integrated into the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) system. For more information about ERM and management of sustainability risks, see page 33.

Transition risks are generally considered mitigated through continuous legal and market intelligence review, sales forecasting and stakeholder (e.g. customers and investors) engagement. Physical risks are generally considered mitigated through impact assessments before production sites are planned as well as ongoing business continuity management.

## Metrics and targets

For information about GHG emissions, see page 55. In June, Autoliv announced its new long-term climate ambitions:

Carbon neutrality in own operations by 2030

Net-zero across our supply chain by 2040

In addition to broad and long-term ambitions, the climate strategy includes a number of more detailed climate-related KPIs and related targets. These cover the most important emissions reduction levers such as sourcing of low-carbon raw materials, low-carbon logistics and a transition towards renewable electricity use. In addition, Autoliv's Science Based Targets covering scope 1+2 and scope 3 upstream emissions were approved in February 2023.

In 2021, GHG emissions performance was not part of executive remuneration. In late 2021, the Leadership Development and Compensation Committee decided to include GHG emissions from own operations (scope 1 and 2) into the long-term 2022 equity incentive program. The program covers around 300 participants.

## Climate risk assessment

<table><tr><td>Transition risks</td><td>Most material risks</td><td>Potential financial impacts</td></tr><tr><td>Policy and legal</td><td>Carbon pricing mechanisms leading to increasing prices on raw materials with a large carbon footprint</td><td>Increased OPEX</td></tr><tr><td>Technology</td><td>Decrease in overall vehicle sales</td><td>Loss of revenue</td></tr><tr><td>Market</td><td>Higher demand for renewable electricity and low-carbon raw materials</td><td>Increased OPEX</td></tr><tr><td>Reputational</td><td>Increasing stakeholder requirements or expectations on Autoliv to aggressively reduce GHG emissions in own operations and/or supply chain</td><td>Loss of revenue, reduced access to capital</td></tr></table>

## Physical risks

<table><tr><td>Acute/short-term</td><td>Wildfires
Extreme heat
Flooding</td><td>Loss of revenue related to production disruption</td></tr><tr><td>Chronic/long-term</td><td>Extreme heat
Water stress</td><td>Costs related to needing to relocate production</td></tr></table>

## UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

## FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___ to ___

Commission file number: 001-12933

## AUTOLIV, INC.

(Exit or other jurisdiction of
Incorporation or organization)

51-0378542
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

(State or other jurisdiction of
Incorporation or organization)

Klabergaardveien 70, Section B7,
Box 70381,
Stockholm, Sweden
(Address of principal executive offices)

SE-107 24
(Zip Code)

+46 8 587 20 600
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Common Stock (par value $1.00 per share) Trading Symbol(s): Name of each exchange on which registered:

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange

Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☐ No: ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes: ☒ No: ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

<table><tr><td>Large accelerated filer</td><td>☒</td><td>Accelerated filer</td><td>☐</td></tr><tr><td>Non-accelerated filer</td><td>☐</td><td>Smaller reporting company</td><td>☐</td></tr><tr><td>Emerging growth company</td><td>☐</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262 (b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes: ☐ No: ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity of Autoliv, Inc. held by non-affiliates as of the last business day of the second fiscal quarter of 2021 amounted to $8,551 million.

Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of February 10, 2022: 87,488,549.

Auditor Firm Id: 1433
Auditor Name: Ernst & Young AB
Auditor Location: Stockholm, Sweden

## DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for the annual stockholders' meeting to be held on May 10, 2022, to be dated on or around March 25, 2022 (the "2022 Proxy Statement"), are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The 2022 Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2021.



## AUTOLIV, INC.

## Index

## PART I

Item 1. Business 3
Item 1A. Risk Factors 11
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 24
Item 2. Properties 25
Item 3. Legal Proceedings 28
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 28

## PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 29
Item 6. Reserved 31
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 31
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 49
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 51
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 91
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 91
Item 9B. Other Information 91

## PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 92
Item 11. Executive Compensation 92
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 92
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 92
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 92

## PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 93

## NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains statements that are not historical facts but rather forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements include those that address activities, events or developments that Autoliv, Inc. "Autoliv," the "Company" or "we") or its management believes or anticipates may occur in the future. All forward-looking statements are based upon our current expectations, various assumptions and/or data available from third parties. Our expectations and assumptions are expressed in good faith and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them. However, there can be no assurance that such forward-looking statements will materialize or prove to be correct as forward-looking statements are inherently subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause actual future results, performance or achievements to differ materially from the future results, performance or achievements expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements.

In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “estimates,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “plans,” “intends,” “believes,” “may,” “likely,” “might,” “would,” “should,” “could,” or the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain such words.

Because these forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, the outcome could differ materially from those set out in the forward-looking statements for a variety of reasons, including without limitation: general economic conditions, including inflation; the impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the Company's financial condition, business operations, operating costs, liquidity, competition and the global economy; changes in light vehicle production; fluctuation in vehicle production schedules for which the Company is a supplier; global supply chain disruptions including port, transportation and distribution delays or interruptions; supply chain disruptions and component shortages specific to the automotive industry or the Company; changes in general industry and market conditions or regional growth or decline; changes in and the successful execution of our capacity alignment; restructuring and cost reduction and efficiency initiatives and the market reaction thereto; loss of business from increased competition; higher raw material, fuel and energy costs; changes in consumer and customer preferences for end products; customer losses; changes in regulatory conditions; customer bankruptcies; consolidations or restructuring; or divestiture of customer brands; unfavorable fluctuations in currencies or interest rates among the various jurisdictions in which we operate; component shortages; market acceptance of our new products; costs or difficulties related to the integration of any new or acquired businesses and technologies; continued uncertainty in pricing negotiations with customers; successful integration of acquisitions and operations of joint ventures; successful implementation of strategic partnerships and collaborations; our ability to be awarded new business; product liability, warranty and recall claims and investigations and other litigation, civil judgements or financial penalties and customer reactions thereto; higher expenses for our pension and other postretirement benefits, including higher funding needs for our pension plans; work stoppages or other labor issues; possible adverse results of pending or future litigation or infringement claims, and the availability of insurance with respect to such matters; our ability to protect our intellectual property rights; negative impacts of antitrust investigations or other governmental investigations and associated litigation relating to the conduct of our business; tax assessments by governmental authorities and changes in our effective tax rate; dependence on key personnel; legislative or regulatory changes impacting or limiting our business; our ability to meet our sustainability targets, goals and commitments; political conditions; dependence on and relationships with customers and suppliers; and other risks and uncertainties identified in Item 1A - "Risk Factors" and Item 7 - "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in this Annual Report.

For any forward-looking statements contained in this or any other document, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and we assume no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements in light of new information or future events, except as required by law.



## Item 1. Business

## General

Autoliv, Inc. (“Autoliv”, the “Company” or “we”) is a Delaware corporation with its principal executive offices in Stockholm, Sweden. The Company functions as a holding corporation and owns two principal subsidiaries, Autoliv AB and Autoliv ASP, Inc. The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31.

The Company is a leading developer, manufacturer and supplier of passive safety systems to the automotive industry with a broad range of product offerings.

Passive safety systems are primarily meant to improve safety for occupants in a vehicle. Passive safety systems include modules and components for frontal-impact airbag protection systems, side-impact airbag protection systems, seatbelts, steering wheels, inflator technologies and battery cut-off switches.

To extend into new markets areas beyond light vehicles and occupant safety, the Company has formed Mobility Safety Solutions. By combining its core competence and industry experience, the Company also develops and manufactures mobility safety solutions such as pedestrian protection, battery cut-off switches, connected safety services and safety solutions for riders of powered two wheelers.

The Company has approximately 62 production facilities in 25 countries and its customers include the world's largest car manufacturers. The Company's sales in 2021 were $8.2 billion, approximately 65% of which consisted of airbag and steering wheel products and approximately 35% of which consisted of seatbelt products. The Company's business is conducted in the following geographical regions: Europe, the Americas, China, Japan and the Rest of Asia (ROA).

The Company's head office is located in Stockholm, Sweden, where it currently employs approximately 95 people. At December 31, 2021, the Company had a total number of personnel of approximately 60,600 worldwide, where of 8% were temporary personnel.

Additional information required by this Item 1 regarding developments in the Company's business during 2021 is contained under Item 7 in this Annual Report.

## Reportable Segment

The Company has one reportable segment based on the way the Company evaluates its financial performance and manages its operations. The Company's business is comprised of passive safety products - principally airbags (including steering wheels and inflators) and seatbelts. For more information regarding the Company's segment reporting, see Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.

## Products, Market and Competition

## Products

Providing life-saving solutions is a key priority as the world population grows and develops. However, population expansion in growth markets and the rise of megacities creates new complexities. To meet this challenge, the Company develops safety solutions for both mobility and society that work in real life situations.

The Company’s safety systems such as seatbelts and airbags substantially mitigate human consequences of traffic accidents.

The airbag module is designed to inflate extremely rapidly then quickly deflate during a collision or impact. It consists of the container, an airbag cushion and an inflator. The purpose of the airbag is to provide the occupants a cushioning and restraint during a crash event to prevent any impact or impact-caused injuries between the occupant and the interior of the vehicle.

Seatbelts can reduce the overall risk of serious injuries in frontal crashes by as much as 60% due to advanced seatbelt technologies such as pretensioners and load limiters.

The Company also manufactures steering wheels that are crafted to ensure they meet safety requirements and are functional as well as stylish.

## Market and Competition

Consumer research clearly shows that consumers want safe vehicles, and several significant trends are likely to have a positive influence on overall safety content per vehicle. These include:

1) Society becoming increasingly focused on Vision Zero, which includes a goal of reducing traffic fatalities and their associated costs;

2) Demographic trends of increased urbanization, aging driver populations and increased safety focus in growth markets;

3) Evolving government regulations and test rating systems to improve the safety of vehicles in various markets, such as the updated Euro New Car Assessment Program (NCAP), China NCAP and USNCAP; and

4) The trend towards autonomous driving vehicles will require new and more complex solutions as to provide protection of occupants in new seating positions, regardless of how a driver or other passenger are seated.
The automotive safety market is driven by two primary factors: light vehicle production (LVP) and content per vehicle (CPV).

The first growth driver, LVP, has increased at an average annual growth rate of around 1.3% since the start of Autoliv in 1997 despite the substantial drop in LVP in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain disruptions and semiconductor shortages. LVP is forecasted to grow to close to 92 million by 2024 from approximately 73 million in 2021, as the market is expected to recover from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and component shortages, according to IHS Markit.

Unlike LVP, where Autoliv can only aim to be on the best-selling platforms, Autoliv can influence CPV more directly by continuously developing and introducing new technologies with higher value-added features. Over the long term, this increases average safety CPV and has caused the Company's markets to grow faster than the LVP.

Since 1997, the Company’s sales compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for passive safety has been around 5% compared to the market rate of around 2% which includes an LVP growth of around 1%. The Company’s outperformance is a result of a steady flow of new passive safety technologies, strong focus on quality and a superior global footprint both in products and engineering. This has enabled Autoliv to increase its global market share in passive safety from 27% in 1997 to 43% in 2021.

In the Developed Markets (Western Europe, North America, Japan and South Korea) the CPV is around $310. CPV growth in these regions mainly come from new safety systems such as active seatbelts, knee airbags and front-center airbags along with improved protection for pedestrians and rear-seat occupants like bag-in-belt or more advanced seatbelts.

In the Growth Markets (all markets other than the Developed Markets), the Company sees great opportunities for CPV growth from more airbags and advanced seatbelt products. Average CPV in the Growth Markets is around $200, approximately $110 less than in the Developed Markets.

As a result of higher installation rates of airbags, more advanced seatbelt products and more complex steering wheels, CPV is expected to increase at a similar pace in both Developed and Growth Markets over the next three years. LVP in the Developed Markets is expected to increase faster than in the Growth Markets during the same period. This is because the Developed Markets are expected to recover from the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and semiconductor shortages experienced in 2021. Supported by a positive LVP mix effect from higher growth in higher CPV markets, the annual passive safety market (seatbelts and airbags, including steering wheels), is expected to grow from around $18 billion in 2021 to more than $25 billion over the next three years, based on the current macroeconomic outlook and the Company's internal market intelligence and estimates. The highest growth rate is expected in steering wheels, where Autoliv has a global market share of around 36%, generated by the trend toward higher-value steering wheels with leather and additional features.

In seatbelts, Autoliv has reached a global market share of around 44%, primarily due to being the technology leader with several important innovations such as pretensioners and active seatbelts. The Company's strong market position is also a reflection of its superior global footprint. Seatbelts are the primary life-saving safety product and are also an important requirement in low-end vehicles in the Growth Markets. This provides the Company with an excellent opportunity to benefit from the expected growth in this segment of the market.

The market for airbags, where Autoliv has a global market share of around 43%, is expected to grow mainly as result of higher installation rates of inflatable curtains, side airbags and knee airbags. Additionally, the new front center airbag is expected to start to contribute to the market growth.

The Company’s ability to consistently outperform market growth is rooted in a steady flow of new safety technologies, a strong focus on quality and a superior production and engineering footprint.

## The Company's competitors

Autoliv is the clear market leader in passive safety components and systems for the automotive industry with an estimated global market share of 43%.

ZF, the Company's largest competitor, is a global leader in driveline and chassis technology as well as in passive safety technologies, and is one of the largest global automotive suppliers.

The Company’s second largest competitor is U.S.-based Joyson Safety Systems (JSS). JSS is a Chinese owned company and is the result of the merger between Key Safety Systems (KSS) and Takata Corporation after KSS acquired Takata in 2018.

In Japan, Brazil, South Korea and China, there are a number of local suppliers that have close ties with the domestic vehicle manufacturers. For example, Toyota uses “keiretsu” (in-house) suppliers Tokai Rika for seatbelts and Toyoda Goslei for airbags and steering wheels. These suppliers generally receive most of the Toyota business in Japan, in the same way, Mobis, a major supplier to Hyundai/Kia in South Korea, generally receives a significant part of their business.

Other competitors include Nihon Plast and Ashimori of Japan, Yanfeng and Jinsheng of China, Samsung in South Korea and Chris Cintos de Seguranca in South America. Collectively, these competitors account for the majority of the remaining market share in passive safety.

Additional information concerning the Company’s products, markets and competition is included in the “Risks and Risk Management” section under Item 7 of this Annual Report.

## Manufacturing and Production

See “Item 2. Properties” for a description of Autoliv’s principal properties. The component factories manufacture inflators, propellant, initiators, textile cushions, webbing, pressed steel parts, springs and overmolded steel parts used in seatbelt and airbag assembly and steering wheels. The assembly factories source components from a number of parties, including Autoliv’s own component factories, and assemble complete restraint systems for “just-in-time” delivery to customers. The products manufactured by Autoliv’s consolidated subsi-daries (including curtain airbags and front center airbags), 52 million frontal airbags, 0.4 million other airbags and 18 million steering wheels.



Autoliv’s “just-in-time” delivery system is designed to accommodate the specific requirements of each customer for low levels of inventory and rapid stock delivery service. “Just-in-time” deliveries require final assembly or, at least, distribution centers in geographic areas close to customers to facilitate rapid delivery. The fact that the major automobile manufacturers are continually expanding their production activities into more countries and require the same or similar safety systems as those produced in Europe, Japan or the U.S. increases the importance for suppliers to have assembly capacity in several countries. Consolidation among the Company’s customers also supports this trend.

Autoliv’s assembly operations generally are not constrained by capacity considerations unless there is a disruption in the supply of raw materials and components. When dramatic shifts in LVP occur, Autoliv can generally adjust capacity in response to any changes in demand within a few days by adding or removing work shifts and within a few months by adding or removing standardized production and assembly lines. Most of Autoliv’s assembly factories can make sufficient space available to accommodate additional production lines to satisfy foreseeable increases in capacity. As a result, Autoliv can usually adjust its manufacturing capacity faster than its customers can adjust their capacity as a result of fluctuations in the general demand for vehicles or in the demand for a specific vehicle model, provided that customers promptly notify Autoliv when they become aware of such changes in demand.

When dramatic shifts in LVP occur or when there is a shift in regional LVP, the capacity adjustments can take more time and be more costly. Additionally, when there is significant demand for a given product due to a major recall of a competitor's product, like certain of the Company's customers have experienced, capacity adjustments may take time.

The Company could experience disruption in its supply or delivery chain, which could cause one or more of its customers to halt or delay production. For more information, see Item 1A – “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report.

## Quality Management

Autoliv believes that superior quality is a prerequisite to being considered a leading global supplier of automotive safety systems and is key to the Company's financial performance, because quality excellence is critical for winning new orders, preventing recalls and maintaining low scrap rates. Autoliv has for many years emphasized a "zero-defect" proactive quality policy and continues to strive to improve its working methods. This means that Autoliv's products are expected to always meet performance expectations and be delivered to its customers at the right times and in the right amounts. Furthermore, the Company believes its continued quality improvements further enhance the Company's reputation among its customers, employees and governmental authorities.

Although quality has always been paramount in the automotive industry, especially for safety products, automobile manufacturers have become increasingly focused on quality with even less tolerance for any deviations. This intensified focus on quality is partially due to an increase in the number of vehicle recalls for a variety of reasons (not just safety), including a few high-profile vehicle recalls. This trend is likely to continue as automobile manufacturers introduce even stricter quality requirements and regulating agencies and other authorities increase the level of scrutiny given to vehicle safety issues. The Company has not been immune to the recalls that have been impacting the automotive industry.

The Company continues to drive its quality initiative called "Q5" which was initiated in the summer of 2010. It is an integral part of the Company's strategy of shaping a proactive quality culture of zero defects. It is called "Q5" because it addresses quality in five dimensions: products, customers, growth, behavior and suppliers. The goal of Q5 is to firmly tie together quality with value within all of the Company's processes and for all of its employees, thereby leading to the best value for its customers. Since 2010, the Company has continually expanded this quality initiative to provide additional skills training to more employees and suppliers. These activities have significantly improved the Company's quality performance.

In the Company’s pursuit of excellence in quality, the Company has developed a chain of four “defense lines” against potential quality issues. These defense lines consist of: 1) robust product designs, 2) flawless components from suppliers and the Company’s own in-house component companies, 3) manufacturing flawless products with a system for verifying that the Company’s products conform with specifications and 4) an advanced traceability system in the event of a recall.

The Company’s pursuit of quality excellence extends from the earliest phases of product development to the proper disposal of a product following many years of use in a vehicle. Autoliv’s comprehensive Autoliv Product Development System includes several key check points during the process of developing new products that are designed to ensure that such products are well-built and have no hidden defects. Through this process, the Company works closely with its suppliers and customers to set clear standards that help to ensure robust component design and lowest cost for function in order to proactively prevent problems and ensure the Company delivers only the best designs to the market.

The Autoliv Production System (“APS”), based on the goals of improving quality and efficiency, is at the core of Autoliv’s manufacturing philosophy. APS integrates essential quality elements, such as mistake proofing, statistical process control and operator involvement, into the manufacturing processes so all Autoliv associates are aware of and understand the critical connection between themselves and the Company’s lifesaving products. This “zero-defect” principle extends beyond Autoliv to the entire supplier base. All of the Company’s suppliers must accept the strict quality standards in the global Autoliv Supplier Manual, which defines the Company’s quality requirements and focuses on preventing bad parts from being produced by its suppliers and helps eliminate defective intermediate products in the Company’s assembly lines as early as possible. In addition, Autoliv’s One Product One Process (“1P1P”) initiative is its strategy for developing and managing standardization of both core products and customer-specific features, leading not only to improved quality, but also greater cost efficiency and more efficient supply chain management.

IATF 16949:2016 is one of the automotive industry’s most widely used international standards for quality management. All of the Company’s facilities that ship products to OEMs are regularly certified according to the International Automotive Task Force (IATF) standards.

## Environmental and Safety Regulations

For information on how environmental and safety regulations impact the Company’s business, see “Risk Factors – ‘Our business may be adversely affected by laws or regulations, including environmental, occupational health and safety or other governmental regulations,’ ‘Global climate change could negatively affect our business,’ ‘Our aspirations, goals, and initiatives related to sustainability and emissions reduction, and our public statements and disclosures regarding them, expose the Company to numerous risks’ and ‘Our business may be adversely affected by changes in automotive safety regulations or concerns that drive further regulation of the automobile safety market” in Item 1A and “Risks and Risk Management” in Item 7 of this Annual Report.

## Climate change

The Company is committed to operating its business in an environmentally sustainable manner, meaning developing and producing products in a resource efficient way while limiting the Company’s environmental impact in the most material areas of greenhouse gas emissions, energy use, waste and water. With particular emphasis on climate action, the Company actively engages with its customers, suppliers and others to drive sustainable mobility.

In June 2021, the Company launched an updated climate strategy including new long-term climate ambitions:

Carbon neutrality in own operations by 2030

Net-zero across our supply chain by 2040

These industry-leading climate ambitions are aligned with a 1.5°C trajectory and represent a serious step-up in ambition level from earlier short-term climate targets. They should position the Company as the supplier of choice for the most progressive customers, helping to ensure the Company's competitiveness now and in the future. In addition to these ambitions, the Company adopted Science Based Targets (SBT) for 2030 covering its own operations as well as the supply chain. The targets were approved in January 2022 and are available at the SBTi website.

For more information about how climate change impacts the Company’s business, see “Operational Risks - Climate impact” in Item 7 and “Risk factors – Our business may be adversely affected by climate change-related risks” in Item 1A of this Annual Report.

## Raw Materials

Direct material purchased from external suppliers represents approximately 50% of the Company’s net sales in 2021. The Company mainly purchases manufactured components and raw materials for its operations. The Company takes several actions to mitigate cost increases for raw material, such as competitive sourcing and looking for alternative materials.

For information on the sources and availability of raw materials, see “Operational Risks - Component costs” in Item 7 and “Risk Factors – ‘Changes in the source, cost, availability or regulations pertaining to raw materials and components may adversely affect our profit margins’” in Item 1A of this Annual Report.

## Intellectual Property

The Company has developed a considerable amount of proprietary technology related to automotive safety systems and relies on many patents to protect such technology. The Company’s intellectual property plays an important role in maintaining its competitive position in a number of the markets the Company serves. For information on the Company’s use of intellectual property and its importance to the Company, see “Risk Factors – “If our patents are declared invalid or our technology infringes on the proprietary rights of others, our ability to compete may be impaired” in Item 1A of this Annual Report.

## Backlog

The Company has frame contracts with automobile manufacturers and such contracts are typically entered into up to three years before the start of production of the relevant car model or platform and provide for a term covering the life of such car model or platform including service parts after a vehicle model is no longer produced. However, typically these contracts do not provide minimum quantities, firm prices or exclusivity but instead permit the automobile manufacturer to resource the relevant products at given intervals (or at any time) from other suppliers.

## Dependence on Customers

In 2021, the Company’s top five customers represented around 51% of its annual sales and the Company’s top ten customers represented around 80% of its annual sales. This reflects the concentration of manufacturers in the automotive industry. The five largest OEMs in 2021 accounted for around 50% of global LVP, and the ten largest OEMs accounted for around 73% of global LVP. A delivery contract is typically for the lifetime of a vehicle model, which is normally between five and seven years depending on customer platform sourcing preferences and strategies.

For information on the Company’s dependence on customers, see “Risk Factors – ‘Our business could be materially and adversely affected if we lost any of our largest customers or if they were unable to pay their invoices’” in Item 1A of this Annual Report, and “Dependence on Customers” under the section “Strategic Risks” in Item 7 of this Annual Report, and Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.



## Customer sales trends

Asian vehicle producers have steadily become more important to Autoliv and now represent around 45% of the Company's global sales compared to 44% five years ago. The largest increase comes from Japanese OEMs that represented 28% of the Company's global sales five years ago but now account for 32% of the Company's global sales in 2021. This is a result of the Company's stronger market position based on its local presence in Japan. European based brands accounted for 31% of the Company's global sales in 2021. The U.S. based OEMs (including Tesla and Chrysler) accounted for 22% of the Company's global sales in 2021. The local Chinese OEMs as a group accounted for around 4% of the Company's global sales in 2021, with Great Wall representing 2%. One of the strongest growing customers from 2020 to 2021 was Toyota.

## Research, Development and Engineering, net (R,D&E)

No single customer project accounted for more than 5% of Autoliv's total R,D&E, net spending during 2021. To fuel Autoliv's product portfolio, additional expertise is brought in-house via technology partnerships and licensing agreements.

During 2021, gross expenditures for R,D&E amounted to $594 million compared to $557 million in 2020. Of these amounts, $203 million in 2021 and $181 million in 2020 were related to customer-funded engineering projects and crash tests reimbursed by the customers. Net of this income, R,D&E expenditures increased in 2021 compared to 2020 by approximately 4% to $391 million. Of the R,D&E, net expense in 2021, 80% was for projects and programs where the Company has customer orders, typically related to vehicle models in development. The remaining 20% was not only for completely new innovations but also for improvements of existing products, standardization and cost reduction projects that will yield greater benefits over time.

## Regulatory Costs

The fitting of seatbelts in most types of motor vehicles is mandatory in almost all countries and many countries have strict laws regarding the use of seatbelts while in vehicles. In addition, most developed countries require that seats in intercity buses and commercial vehicles be fitted with seatbelts. In the U.S., federal legislation requires frontal airbags on the driver-side and the passenger-side of all new passenger cars since 1998 and in all sport utility vehicles, pickup trucks, and vans since 1999.

For information concerning the material effects on the Company's business relating to its compliance with government safety regulations, see "Risk Factors – 'Our business may be adversely affected by laws or regulations, including environmental, occupational health and safety or other governmental regulations' and 'Our business may be adversely affected by changes in automotive safety regulations or concerns that drive further regulation of the automobile safety market'" in Item 1A of this Annual Report and in Item 7 under the section "Risks and Risk Management" of this Annual Report.

## Human Capital Management

The Company’s drive for excellence is what makes Autoliv the world’s leading supplier of automotive safety systems. From the earliest stages of product development to sales and design to the final delivery of the finished product, Autoliv’s employees are driven by the Company’s mission to save more lives.

The successful execution of the Company’s strategies relies on its ability to shape a quality and performance-oriented culture, and to adapt quickly to sudden shifts in its circumstances, as illustrated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A turbulent external environment presents many challenges but also opportunities. As the Company moves forward its workforce strives to respond with agility to new possibilities to grow and improve the Company’s business whilst delivering with excellence to its customers. The Company builds a winning team by focusing on creating a work environment that attracts, retains, and engages its employees. The Company’s employees take great pride in working together to provide safety solutions for mobility and society that work in real life situations, and the Company is always looking for new team members who share this passion. For additional information, see the Company’s corporate website at www.autoliv.com (which is not incorporated herein).

The table below shows the Company's total workforce as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

<table><tr><td>Total workforce</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>Whereof:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Direct workforce in manufacturing</td><td>60,600</td><td>68,200</td></tr><tr><td>Indirect workforce</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Temporary workforce</td><td>43,000</td><td>50,300</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>17,600</td><td>17,900</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>8%</td><td>11%</td></tr></table>

## Diversity and Inclusion

When attracting, developing and retaining talent, the Company seeks individuals who hold varied experiences and viewpoints to create an inclusive and diverse workplace that allows each employee to do their best work and drive the Company's collective success. The Company's workforce reflects the diversity of the countries and cultures in which it operates. At the end of 2021, 47% of the Company's workforce and 17% of the Company's senior management positions were filled by women.

The Company has operations in 27 different countries, with 17% of its workforce located in Asia (excluding China), 28% in the Americas, 13% in China, and 42% in Europe (including South Africa, Tunisia, Russia, and Turkey).

The table below shows the Company's workforce by age group and gender in % at the end of 2021.

<table><tr><td>% of Men</td><td>Age group</td><td>% of Women</td></tr><tr><td>3%</td><td>&gt;60</td><td>1%</td></tr><tr><td>5%</td><td>51-60</td><td>5%</td></tr><tr><td>10%</td><td>41-50</td><td>11%</td></tr><tr><td>17%</td><td>31-40</td><td>15%</td></tr><tr><td>16%</td><td>21-30</td><td>14%</td></tr><tr><td>2%</td><td>&lt;20</td><td>1%</td></tr></table>

## Talent Attraction, Development and Retention

The Company believes that attraction, development, and retention of talent is essential to its success, especially in today's environment. The Company offers an inclusive work environment where its employees are challenged and achieve great things together. Supporting the development of the employees is essential in a highly competitive and rapidly changing environment. An important cornerstone of each employee's growth is the ongoing dialogue between the team member and manager, which is summarized during an annual Performance and Development Dialogue (PDD). During the year, almost all targeted employees conducted a PDD with their managers. To provide opportunities for professional and personal growth of the employees, the Company has a multitude of development channels, including technical and specialist career paths, international assignments and other such programs. The Company promotes continuous development on the job every day, despite restrictions related to COVID-19.

The Company provides market-based competitive compensation through its salary, annual incentive, and long-term incentive programs and benefits packages that promote employee well-being across all aspects of their lives.



## Health and Safety

The Company is committed to providing a work environment that promotes the health, safety and welfare of its employees. Each Autoliv facility implements the Company's health and safety management system, which is supported by leadership teams. The implementation of the system is monitored through internal and external audits. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company has protected its employee's health and well-being by providing the technology and communication equipment necessary to allow many of its employees to work remotely. For those who cannot effectively do their jobs remotely, the Company has put protocols in place to ensure a safe working environment.

## Labor Relations

The Company offers fair terms and conditions of employment. The Company's overall purpose, Code of Conduct, talent development strategies and employment policies support the principles in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the International Labor Organization's Fundamental Principles and Labor Standards.

The Company considers its relationship with its personnel to be good. While there have been a small number of minor labor disputes historically, such disputes have not had a significant or lasting impact on the Company's relationship with its employees, customer perception of its employee practices or its business results.

Major unions to which some of the Company's employees belong in Europe include: IG Metall in Germany; Unite the union in the United Kingdom; Confédération Générale des Travailleurs (CGT), Confédération Française Démocratique du Travail (CFDT), Confédération Française de l'Encadrement Confédération Générale des cadres (CFE-CGC), Force Ouvrière (FO), Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens (CFTC), Solidaires, Unitaires, Démocratesques (SUD) and Confédération Autonome du Travail (CAT) in France; Union General de Trabajadores (UGT), Union Sindical Obrera (USO), Comisiones Obreras (CCOO) and Confédération General de Trabajadores (CGT) in Spain; IF Metall, Unionen, Sveriges Ingenjörer and Ledarna in Sweden; Industriala- ja Metallitöötajate Ametiühingute Liit (IMTAL) in Estonia; Vasas Szakszervezeti Szövetség (Hungarian Metallworkers' Federation) in Hungary; Samorzadny Niezaleny Związek Zawodowy Pracowników and Zakładowa Organizacja Związkowa NSZZ Solidarności in Poland; National Union of Metal Workers South Africa (NUMSA) in South Africa; Union Générale des Travailleurs Turisiens (UGTT) and Union des travailleurs Tunisiens (UTT) in Tunisia and Montaj ve Yardımcı İşçileri Sendikası in Turkey.

In addition, the Company's employees in other regions are represented by the following unions: Unifor in Canada; Sindicato de Jornaleros y Obreros Industriales y de la Industria Maquiladora de H.Matomaros, Tamalupias (CTM); Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Industria Metalúrgica y Similares (CTM); Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Industria Arnesera, Eléctrica, Automotriz y Aeronáutica de la República Mexicana; 'Nueva Cultura Laboral" de trabajadores de la fabricación, manufactura, ensamble de autopartes mecánicas y eléctricas y componentes de la industria Automotriz (CROC); Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Industria de Autopartes en General y/o Similares, Conexos y sus Servicios de la República Mexicana, in Mexico; Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos de Taubaté e Região in Brazil; Autoliv India Employees Association, Bangalore in India; the Korean Metal Workers Union (FKTU) in Korea; Autoliv Japan Roudou Kumiai in Japan and Federasi Perijangan Buruh Indonesia (FPBI) in Indonesia.

In Italy, European Countries, Canada, Mexico, Brazil and Korea, wages, salaries and general working conditions are negotiated with local unions and/or are subject to centrally negotiated collective bargaining agreements. The terms of the Company's various agreements with unions typically range between 1-3 years. Some of the Company's subsidiaries in Europe, Canada, Mexico, Brazil and Korea must negotiate with the applicable local unions with respect to important changes in operations, working and employment conditions. Twice a year, members of the Company's management conduct a meeting with the European Works Council (EWC) to provide employee representatives with important information about the Company and a forum for the exchange of ideas and opinions.

In many Asia Pacific countries, the central or regional governments provide guidance each year for salary adjustments or statutory minimum wage for workers. The Company's employees may join associations in accordance with local legislation and rules, although the level of unionization varies significantly throughout its operations.

## Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

The table below reflects certain KPIs on which the Company is particularly focused on with respect to the management of its workforce.

<table><tr><td>KPI</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>% of Autoliv facilities certified (OHSAS 18001 or ISO 45001)</td><td>29%</td><td>15%</td></tr><tr><td>Incident rate \( ^{1)} \)</td><td>0.39</td><td>0.48</td></tr><tr><td>Severity rate \( ^{2)} \)</td><td>5.51</td><td>4.26</td></tr><tr><td>% women in workforce</td><td>47%</td><td>47%</td></tr><tr><td>% women in senior management positions</td><td>17%</td><td>22%</td></tr><tr><td>% PDD rate \( ^{3)} \)</td><td>99%</td><td>Close to 100%</td></tr><tr><td>No. of employees attended at least one training program</td><td>4,400</td><td>1,500</td></tr></table>

 \( ^{1)} \)  Number of reportable injuries per 200,000 employee hours of exposure.

 \( ^{2)} \)  Total days away from work due to a work-related reportable injury and/or illness per 200,000 employee hours of exposure.

 \( ^{3)} \)  Percentage of total employees participating in Autoliv's annual Performance and Development Dialogue (PDD).

## Available information

The Company files or furnishes with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") periodic reports and amendments thereto, which include annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and other information. Such reports, amendments, proxy statements and other information are made available free of charge on the Company's corporate website at www.autoliv.com and are available as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with the SEC. The Company's Corporate Governance Guidelines, committee charters, code of conduct and other documents governing the Company are also available on its corporate website at www.autoliv.com. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy statements and other information at www.sec.gov. Hard copies of the above-mentioned documents can be obtained free of charge by contacting the Company at: Autoliv, Inc., P.O. Box 70381, SE-107 24, Stockholm, Sweden.



## Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows may be impacted by a number of factors. A discussion of the risks associated with these material risk factors is included below.

## RISKS RELATED TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC

We face risks related to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic that have, and are expected to continue to have, an adverse impact on our business and financial performance

The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant volatility in the global economy and led to significant reduced economic activity and employment and has disrupted, and may continue to disrupt, the global automotive industry and customer sales, production volumes and purchases of light vehicles by end-consumers. The spread of COVID-19 has also caused disruptions in the manufacturing, delivery and overall supply chains of automobile manufacturers and suppliers. Global light vehicle product (LVP) has been lower than expected, and is expected to continue to be very volatile. As a result, we have modified our production schedules and have experienced, and may continue to experience, delays in the production and distribution of our products and a decline in sales to our customers. We have also taken steps to resume by us and our customers, production volumes have been and may continue to be volatile. We have also taken protective measures to modify our production environment to ensure the health and safety of our workers which has had an impact on our productivity. Additionally, if the global economic effects caused by the pandemic continue or increase, overall customer demand may decrease, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, if a significant portion of our workforce or our suppliers' or customers' workforces are affected by COVID-19 either directly or due to government closures or otherwise, associated work stoppages or facility closures would halt or delay production. The full extent of the effect of the pandemic on us, our customers, our supply chain or the global supply chain and our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the duration and severity of the outbreak, subsequent outbreaks or the extent of any recession resulting from the pandemic. We may continue to experience the effects of the pandemic even after it has waned, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could continue to be affected. In particular, if COVID-19, including its variants, continues to spread or re-emerges, particularly in the United States, Europe and China, where our operations are most concentrated, resulting in a prolonged period of travel, commercial, social and other similar restrictions, we could experience, among other things: (i) adverse impacts on our operations and financial results caused by government and regulatory measures to contain or mitigate the spread of the virus, temporary closures of our facilities or the facilities of our customers or suppliers, which could impact our ability to timely meet our customers' orders or negatively impact our supply chain; (ii) the failure of third parties on which we rely or on which our customers rely, including our suppliers, customers, contractors, commercial banks and external business partners, to meet their respective obligations to the Company, or significant disruptions in their ability to do so, which may be caused by their own financial or operational difficulties including bankruptcy or default; (iii) labor shortages and other disruptions or restrictions on our employees' ability to work effectively, due to illness, quarantines, travel bans, shelter-in-place orders or other limitations; (iv) interruptions to the operations of our business if the health of our executives, management personnel and other employees are affected, particularly if a significant number of individuals are impacted; (v) any accident, COVID-19 illness, or injury to our employees could result in litigation, manufacturing delays and harm to our reputation, which could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition; (vi) changes in prices of tooling and services may be impacted by worldwide demand and by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and any such price increases could materially increase our operating costs and adversely affect our profit margin; (vii) governments and regulators may choose to delay new automobile safety regulations which could impact the average global content of passive safety systems per light vehicle in the near term; (viii) some of our competitors are (or may be) owned by a governmental entity and/or receive various forms of governmental aid or support, which we may not be eligible for, and which may put us at a competitive disadvantage; (ix) increased cybersecurity and privacy risks and risks related to the reliability of technology to support remote operations; (x) sudden and/or severe declines in the market price of our common stock; and (xi) costs incurred and revenues lost during and from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic likely will not be recoverable. In addition to the risks specifically described above, the impact of COVID-19 is likely to implicate and exacerbate other risks disclosed in Item 1A of this Annual Report, any of which could have a material effect on our operating results, cash flows, or financial condition.

## RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDUSTRY

The cyclical nature of automotive sales and production can adversely affect our business. Our business is directly related to LVP in the global market and by our customers, and automotive sales and LVP are the most important drivers for our sales
Automotive sales and production are highly cyclical and can be affected by general or regional economic or industry conditions, the level of consumer demand, recalls and other safety issues, labor relations issues, technological changes, fuel prices and availability, vehicle safety regulations and other regulatory requirements, governmental initiatives, trade agreements, political volatility, especially in energy producing countries and growth markets, changes in interest rate levels and credit availability and other factors. Some regions around the world may at various times be more particularly impacted by these factors than other regions. Economic declines that result in a significant reduction in automotive sales and production by our customers have in the past had, and may in the future have, a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our sales are also affected by inventory levels of our customers. We cannot predict when our customers will decide to either increase or reduce inventory levels or whether new inventory levels will approximate historical inventory levels. This may exacerbate variability in our order intake and, as a result, our revenues and financial condition. Uncertainty regarding inventory levels may be exacerbated by consumer financing programs initiated or terminated by our customers or governments as such changes may affect the timing of their sales. Changes in automotive sales and LVP and/or customers' inventory levels will have an impact on our long-term targets, earnings guidance and estimates. In addition, we base our growth projections in part on business awards, or order intake, made by our customers. However, actual production orders from our customers may not approximate the awarded business or our estimated order intake. Any significant reduction in automotive sales and/or LVP by our customers, whether due to general economic conditions or any other factors relevant to sales or LVP, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Growth rates in safety content per vehicle, which can be impacted by changes in consumer trends and political decisions, could affect our results in the future

The Company estimates that the average global content of passive safety systems per light vehicle increased in 2021 to around $250. Vehicles produced in different markets may have various passive safety content values. For example, in developed markets such as Western Europe and North America, the premium segment has an average passive safety content values of around $360 per vehicle, whereas in growth markets such as China and India the average passive safety content per vehicle is approximately $220 and $90, respectively. Due to the majority of the growth in global LVP over time being concentrated in growth markets, our operating results may be impacted if the passive safety content per vehicle remains low and if the penetration of more advanced automotive safety systems does not increase in these regions. As passive safety content per vehicle is also an indicator of our sales development, should these trends continue, the average value of passive safety systems per vehicle could decline.

## We operate in a highly competitive market

The market for occupant restraint systems is highly competitive. We compete with a number of other companies that produce and sell design and performance, technological information, delivery and service. Some of our competitors are subsidiaries (or divisions, units or similar) of companies that are larger and have greater financial and other resources than us. Some of our competitors may also have a "preferred status" as a result of special relationships or ownership interests with certain customers. Our ability to compete successfully depends, in large part, on our success in continuing to innovate and manufacture products that have commercial success with consumers, differentiating our products from those of our competitors, continuing to deliver quality products in the time frames required by our customers, and maintaining best-cost production. We continue to invest in technology and innovation which we believe will be critical to our long-term growth. Our ability to maintain and improve existing products, while successfully developing and introducing distinctive new and enhanced products that anticipate changes in customer and consumer preferences and capitalize upon emerging technologies will be a significant factor in our ability to remain competitive. If we are unsuccessful or are less successful than our competitors in predicting the course of market development, development of innovative products, processes, and/or use of materials or adapting to new technologies or evolving regulatory, industry or customer requirements, we may be placed at a competitive disadvantage. For example, the focus of the automotive industry on the development of advanced driver assistance technologies, with the goal of developing and introducing autonomous vehicles, and increase in consumer preferences for mobility on demand services may create demand for new and innovative products in response to OEM and consumer preferences and our success in providing such products will be critical for our long-term growth. Similarly, the demand for our products historically has tracked LVP and a future evolution of the automotive industry to autonomous vehicles and mobility on demand services may lead to a future reduction in annual global LVP. Additionally, our customers are increasingly focused on developing electric vehicles. If we fail to be awarded business on electric vehicle models, it will harm our future business prospects. Our competitive environment continues to change, including increased competition from entrants outside the traditional automotive industry, creating uncertainty about the future competitive landscape. Given the competitive nature of our business, the amount of awards we are awarded relative to our peers may decrease over time. The inability to compete successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

## The discontinuation, lack of commercial success, or loss of business with respect to a particular vehicle model for which we are a significant supplier could reduce our sales and harm our business

A number of our customer contracts generally require us to supply a customer's annual requirements for a particular vehicle model and assembly facilities, rather than for manufacturing a specific quantity of products. Such contracts range from one year to the life of the model, which is generally four to seven years. These contracts are often subject to renegotiation, sometimes as frequent as on an annual basis, which may affect product pricing, and generally may be terminated by our customers at any time. Therefore, the discontinuation of, the loss of business with respect to, or a lack of commercial success of a particular vehicle model or brand for which we are a significant supplier could reduce our sales and harm our business prospects, operating results, cash flows, or financial condition.

We are working to expand our product offerings beyond light vehicles to include a variety of powered two wheeled personal vehicles. If we are not successful in expanding our product offerings or if it takes longer or costs are more than expected, it could harm our business

The Company is working to expand its product offerings to focus on mobile safety solutions. The expansion of our product offering will require us to develop innovative products and to reach new customers. If we are not successful in expanding our product offerings or if it takes longer or costs are more than expected, it could negatively impact our financial results and future business prospects.



## RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS

We may incur material losses and costs as a result of product liability, warranty and recall claims that may be brought against us or our customers

We face risks related to product liability claims, warranty claims and recalls in the event that any of our products actually or allegedly are defective, fail to perform as expected or the use of our products results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury and/or property damage. We may not be able to anticipate all of the possible performance or reliability problems that could arise with our products after they are released to the market. Additionally, increasing regulation and reporting requirements regarding potentially defective products, particularly in the U.S., may increase the possibility that we become involved in additional product liability or recall investigations or claims. See "Our business may be adversely affected by changes in automotive safety regulations or concerns that drive further regulation of the automobile safety market". Although we currently carry product liability and product recall insurance in excess of our self-insured amounts, no assurance can be made that such insurance will provide adequate coverage against potential claims, such insurance is available or will continue to be available in the appropriate markets, or that we will be able to obtain such insurance on acceptable terms in the future as the cost of such insurance has risen in recent years and the cost of our self-insurance program has risen as well. Although we have invested and will continue to invest in our engineering, design, and quality infrastructure, we cannot give any assurance that our products will not suffer from defects or other deficiencies or that we will not experience material warranty claims or product recalls. In the future, we could experience material warranty or product liability losses and incur significant costs to process and defend these claims. A successful claim brought against us in excess of available insurance coverage, if any, or a requirement to participate in any product recall, could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, cash flows or financial condition. Future recalls could result in costs not covered by insurance in excess of our self-insurance, further government inquiries, litigation and reputational harm and could divert management's attention away from other matters. The main variables affecting the costs of a recall are the number of vehicles ultimately determined to be affected by the issue, the cost per vehicle associated with a recall, the determination of proportionate responsibility among the customer, the Company, and any relevant sub-suppliers, and actual insurance records, including if we are unable to obtain government authorization to export or import certain own practices regarding product recalls and other product liability actions relating to its suppliers, and the performance and remedial requirements vary between jurisdictions. Due to recall activity in the automotive industry over the past decade, some vehicle manufacturers have become even more sensitive to product recall risks. As suppliers become more integrally involved in the vehicle design process and assume more of the vehicle assembly functions, vehicle manufacturers are increasingly looking to their suppliers for contribution when faced with recalls and product liability claims. Product recalls in our industry, even when they do not involve our products, can harm the reputations of our customers, competitors, and us, particularly if those recalls cause consumers to question the safety or reliability of products similar to those we produce. In addition, with global platforms and procedures, vehicle recall (such as in-vehicle) issues affecting our quality performance on a global basis; any one or more quality, warranty or other recall issues (including issues affecting even fully and/or having a small financial impact) may cause a vehicle manufacturer to implement measures to improve its quality and/or operations, such as a global, temporary or prolonged suspension of new orders. In addition, as our products move frequently use affected globally by a failure or defect will increase significantly with a corresponding increase in our costs. A warranty, recall or product liability claim brought against us in excess of our available insurance may have a material adverse effect on our business. Manufacturers are also increasingly requiring their outside suppliers to guarantee or warrant their products and bear the costs of repair and replacement of such products under new vehicle warranties. A vehicle manufacturer may then product supplied did not perform as the entire repair or replacement costs of defective products under new vehicle warranties, when the product supplied did not perform as represented. Accordingly, the future costs of warranty claims by our customers may be material. However, the final amounts determined to be due related to these matters could differ materially from our recorded warranty estimates and our business prospects, operating results, cash flows or financial condition may be materially impacted as a result. In addition, as we adopt new technology, we face an inherent risk of exposure to the claims of others that we have allegedly violated their intellectual property rights. We cannot assure that we will not experience any material warranty, product liability or intellectual property claim losses in the future or that we will not incur significant costs to defend such claims. See "If our patents are declared invalid or our technology infringes on the proprietary rights of others, our ability to compete may be impaired".

## Escalating pricing pressures from our customers may adversely affect our business

The automotive industry continues to experience aggressive pricing pressure from customers. This trend is partly attributable to the major automobile manufacturers' strong purchasing power. As with other automotive component manufacturers, we are often expected to quote fixed prices or are forced to accept prices with annual price reduction commitments for long-term sales arrangements or discounted reimbursements for engineering work. Price reductions have impacted our sales and profit margins and are expected to continue to do so in the future. Our future profitability will depend upon, among other things, our ability to continuously reduce our cost per unit and maintain our cost structure, enabling us to remain cost-competitive. Our profitability is also influenced by our success in designing and marketing technological improvements in automotive safety systems, which helps us offset price reductions by our customers. If we are unable to offset continued price reductions through improved operating efficiencies and reduced expenditures, these price reductions may have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, operating results, cash flows or financial condition.
We could experience disruption in our supply or delivery chain, which could cause one or more of our customers to halt or delay production

We, as with other component manufacturers in the automotive industry, ship our products to customer vehicle assembly facilities throughout the world on a "just-in-time" basis in order for our customers to maintain low inventory levels. Our suppliers (external suppliers as well as our own production sites) use a similar method in providing raw materials to us. However, this "just-in-time" method makes the logistics supply chain in our industry very complex and vulnerable to disruption. Disruptions in our supply chain may result for many reasons, including closures of one of our own or one of our suppliers' facilities or critical manufacturing lines due to strikes or other labor disputes, mechanical failures, electrical outages, fires, explosions, critical pollution levels, critical health and safety and other working conditions issues (including epidemics and pandemics, such as the coronavirus (COVID-19)), natural disasters political upheaval, as well as logistical complications due to labor disruptions, weather or natural disasters, acts of terrorism, mechanical failures and legislation or regulation regarding the transport of hazardous goods. Additionally, we may experience disruptions if there are newly imposed trade restrictions or delays in customs processing, including if we are unable to obtain government authorization to export or import certain materials, including materials that may be viewed as dangerous such as the propellant used for our filters. As we continue to expand in growth markets, the risk of such disruptions is heightened. The unavailability of even a single small subcomponent necessary to manufacture one of our products, for whatever reason, could force us to cease production of that product, possibly for a prolonged period. Similarly, a potential quality issue could force us to halt deliveries while we validate the products. Even where products are ready to be shipped, or have been shipped, delays may arise before they reach our customer. Also, similar difficulties for other suppliers may force our customers to halt production, which may in turn impact our sales shipments to such customers. When we fail to timely deliver, we may have to absorb our own costs for identifying and resolving the ultimate problem as well as expeditiously producing and shipping replacement components or products. Generally, we must also carry the costs associated with "catching up," such as overtime and premium freight. If we are the cause of a customer being forced to halt production, the customer may seek to recoup all of its losses and expenses from us. These losses and expenses could be very significant and may include consequential losses such as lost profits. Where a customer halts production because of another supplier failing to deliver on time, we may not be fully compensated, if at all. Thus, any disruption caused by such disruptions could severely impact our operations and/or those of our customers and force us to halt production for prolonged periods of time which could expose us to material claims for compensation and have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, operating results, or financial condition.

## Adverse developments affecting one or more of our major suppliers could harm our profitability

Any significant disruption in our supplier relationships, particularly relationships with single-source suppliers, could harm our profitability. Furthermore, some of our suppliers may not be able to sufficiently manage the currency commodity cost volatility and/or sharply changing channel and many industry but ability to timely deliver under volumes. We may incur costs as we try to make contingency plans to manage the risk of any shortfall or delay to production delays, production issues or delivery of non-conforming products by our suppliers.

## Changes in the source, cost, availability of and regulations pertaining to raw materials and components may adversely affect our profit margins

Our business uses a broad range of raw materials and components in the manufacture of our products, nearly all of which are generally available from a number of qualified suppliers. Our industry may be affected from time to time by limited supplies or price fluctuations of certain key components and materials. Strong worldwide demand for certain raw materials has had a significant impact on prices and short-term availability in recent years, including in 2021. Such price increases have and could materially increase our operating costs and materially and adversely affect our profit margin, as direct material costs amounted to approximately 50% of our net sales in 2021, of which approximately half is the raw material cost portion. Inflation is currently high worldwide and may continue for some time. Commercial negotiations with our customers and suppliers may not always offset all of the adverse impact of higher raw material, energy and commodity costs. Even where we are able to pass price increases along to our customer, there may be a lapse of time before we are able to do so such that we must absorb the cost increase. In addition, no assurances can be given that the magnitude and duration of such cost increases or any future cost increases could not have a larger adverse impact on our profitability and consolidated financial position than currently anticipated. Additionally, various government regulators require companies that manufacture products containing certain minerals and their derivatives that are known as "conflict minerals", originating from the Democratic Republic of Congo or adjoining countries to diligence and report the source of such materials. There are significant resources associated with complying with these requirements, including diligence efforts to determine the sources of conflict minerals used in our products and potential changes to our processes or supplies as a consequence of such diligence efforts. As there may be only a limited number of suppliers able to offer certified "conflict free" conflict minerals, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain necessary conflict free minerals from such suppliers in sufficient quantities or at competitive prices. We may face reputational challenges if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals not determined to be conflict free or if we are unable to sufficiently verify the origins for all minerals used in our products through the procedures we may implement. Furthermore, our customers are also increasingly requiring us to track sustainable sources of certain raw materials, which also require additional diligence efforts and there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain these materials in a cost-efficient and sustainable manner. Accordingly, these rules and customer requirements may adversely affect our business prospects, operating results, cash flows or financial condition.



## Our business could be materially and adversely affected if we lost any of our largest customers or if they were unable to pay their invoices

We are dependent on a few large customers with strong purchasing power. This is the result of customer consolidation in the last few decades. In 2021, our top five customers represented around 51% of our consolidated sales. Our largest contract accounted for around 2% of our total 2021 sales. Although business with any given customer is typically split into several contracts (either on the basis of one contract per vehicle model or on a broader platform basis), the loss of business from any of our major customers (whether by lower overall demand for vehicles, cancellation of existing contracts or the failure to award us new business) could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Similarly, further consolidation of our customers in the future could make us more reliant upon a smaller group of customers for a significant portion of our consolidated sales and negatively impact our bargaining power when contracting with such customers. Customers may put us on a "new business hold," which would limit our ability to quote or be awarded all or part of their future vehicle contracts if quality or other issues arise in the vehicles for which we were a supplier. Such new business holds range in length and scope and are generally accompanied by a certain set of remedial conditions that must be met before we are eligible to bid for new business. Meeting any such conditions within the prescribed timeframe may require additional Company resources. A failure to satisfy any such conditions may have a material adverse impact on our financial results in the long term. There is a risk that one or more of our major customers may be unable to pay our invoices as they become due or that a customer will simply refuse to make such payments given its financial difficulties. If a major customer would enter into bankruptcy proceedings or similar or proceedings whereby contractual commitments are subject to stay of execution and the possibility of legal or other modification, or if a major customer otherwise successfully procures protection against us legally enforcing its obligations, it is likely, absent special relief such as having a "preferred status", that we will be forced to record a substantial loss. Additional information concerning our major customers is included in Note 20 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.

## Our inability to effectively manage the timing, quality and costs of new program launches could adversely affect our financial performance

To compete effectively in the automotive supply industry, we must be able to launch new products to meet our customers' timing, performance and quality standards. At times, we face an uneven number of launches, and some launches for various reasons, may have shortened launch lead times. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to install and certify the equipment needed to produce products for new programs in time for the start of production, or that the transitioning of our manufacturing facilities and resources to full production for such new programs will not impact production rates or other operational efficiency measures at our facilities. In addition, we cannot provide assurance that our customers will execute on schedule the launch of their new product programs, for which we might supply products. Additionally, as a Tier 1 supplier, we must effectively coordinate the activities of numerous suppliers in order to launch programs successfully. Given the complexity of new program launches, especially involving new and innovative technologies, we may experience difficulties managing product quality, timeliness and associated costs. In addition, new program launches require a significant ramp up of costs; however, the sales related to these new programs generally are dependent upon the timing and success of the introduction of new vehicles by the Company's customers. Our inability to effectively manage the timing, quality and costs of these new program launches could adversely affect our business prospects, operating results, cash flows or financial condition.

## Changes in our product mix may impact our financial performance

We sell products that have varying profit margins. Our financial performance can be impacted depending on the mix of products we sell during a given period. Our earnings guidance and estimates assume a certain geographic sales mix as well as a product sales mix. If actual results vary significantly from this projected geographic and product mix of sales, our operating results and financial condition could be negatively impacted.

## We are involved from time to time in legal proceedings and our business may suffer as a result of adverse outcomes of current or future legal proceedings

We are, from time to time, involved in litigation, regulatory proceedings and commercial or contractual disputes that may be significant. These matters may include, without limitation, disputes with our suppliers and customers, intellectual property claims, shareholder litigation, government investigations, class action lawsuits, personal injury claims, product liability claims, environmental issues, antitrust, customs and VAT disputes and employment and tax issues. In such matters, government agencies or private parties may seek to recover from us very large, indeterminate amounts in penalties or monetary damages (including, in some cases, treble or punitive damages) or seek to limit our operations in some way. For example, on December 31, 2021, a U.S. federal court entered an order requiring Autoliv to pay approximately $114 million, approximately $14 million in actual compensatory damages and $100 million in punitive damages, because Autoliv manufactured the seatbelt that was involved in an accident. The Company has sought reconsideration of the verdict and, if necessary, will appeal this decision. The possibility exists that claims may be asserted against us and their putative main remedy may be unknown for long periods of time. These types of lawsuits could require a significant amount of management's time and attention and substantial legal liability or adverse regulatory outcome and the substantial expenses to defend the litigation or regulatory proceedings may have a material adverse effect on our customer relationships, business prospects, reputation, operating results, cash flows and financial condition. No assurances can be given that such proceedings and claims will not have a material adverse impact on our profitability and consolidated financial position or that our established reserves or our available insurance will mitigate such impact.

## We may be subject to civil antitrust litigation civil antitrust litigation that could negatively impact our business

The Company may be subject to civil antitrust lawsuits in the future in countries that permit such civil claims, including lawsuits or other actions by our customers. The Company was previously the subject of any investigation by the European Commission ("EC") regarding possible anti-competitive behavior among certain suppliers to the automotive vehicle industry. The Company paid a fine to resolve these matters in 2019. As a result of the outcome of the EC investigation, we are and we could be subject to subsequent civil disputes with non-governmental third parties and civil or stockholder litigation stemming from the same facts and circumstances underlying the EC investigation. These types of lawsuits require significant management time and attention and could result in significant expenses as well as unfavorable outcomes that could have a material adverse impact on our customer relationships, business prospects, reputation, operating results, cash flows or financial condition, and our insurance may not mitigate such impact. See Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.

## We may have exposure to greater than anticipated tax liabilities

The determination of our worldwide provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities requires estimation and significant judgment, and there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Like many other multinational corporations, we are subject to tax in multiple U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions. Our determination of our tax liability is always subject to judgment and estimation, and our estimates are subject to inherent and unforeseen changes in laws, laws, regulations and accounting principles, as well as certain and review by taxing authorities throughout the world. Any adverse outcome of any such audit or review could have a negative effect on our business and the ultimate tax outcomes may differ from the amounts recorded in our financial statements and may materially affect our financial results in the period or periods for which such determination is made. While we have established reserves based on assumptions and estimates that we believe are reasonable to cover such eventualities, these reserves may prove to be insufficient. In addition, our future income taxes could be adversely affected by earnings being lower than anticipated (or by the incurrence of losses) in jurisdictions that have lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated in jurisdictions that have higher statutory tax rates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or changes in tax laws, regulations or accounting principles, as well as certain discrete items.

## Work stoppages, slow-downs or other labor issues at our customers' facilities or at our facilities could adversely affect our operations

Because the automotive industry relies heavily on “just-in-time” delivery of components during the assembly and manufacture of vehicles, a work stoppage or slow-down at one or more of the Company’s facilities could have a material adverse effect on our business. Similarly, if any of our customers were to experience a work stoppage or slow-down, that customer may halt or limit the purchase of our products. Similarly, a work stoppage or slow-down at another supplier could interrupt production at one of our customers’ facilities which would have the same effect. While labor contracts and negotiations at our facilities historically have rarely resulted in work stoppages, no assurances can be given that we will be able to negotiate acceptable contracts with these unions or that our failure to do so will not result in work stoppages. A work stoppage or other labor disruption at one or more of our facilities or our customers’ facilities could cause us to shut down production facilities supplying these products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

## Our ability to operate our company effectively could be impaired if we fail to attract and retain executive officers and other key personnel

Our ability to operate our business and implement our strategies effectively depends, in part, on the efforts of our executive officers and other key employees. In addition, our future success will depend on, among other factors, our ability to attract, develop and retain other qualified personnel, particularly engineers and other employees with software and technical expertise. The loss of the services of any of our executive officers or other key employees or the failure to attract, develop or retain other qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business.

## Restructuring and efficiency initiatives and capacity alignments are complex and difficult and at any time additional restructuring steps may be necessary, possibly on short notice and at significant cost

Our restructuring and efficiency initiatives and capacity alignments include efforts to adjust our manufacturing capacity and cost structure to meet current and projected operational and market requirements, including plant closures, transfer of sourcing to best cost countries, consolidation of our supplier base and standardization of products, to reduce our overhead costs and consolidate our operational centers. The successful implementation of our restructuring activities and capacity alignments will involve sourcing, logistics, technology and employment arrangements. Because these restructuring and efficiency initiatives and capacity alignments can be complex, there may be difficulties or delays in the implementation of any such initiatives and capacity alignments or they may not be immediately effective, resulting in an adverse material impact on our performance. In addition, there is a risk that inflation, high-turnover rates and increased competition may reduce the efficiencies now available in best-cost countries to levels that no longer allow for cost-beneficial restructuring opportunities. Therefore, there can be no assurances that any future restructurings or capacity alignments will be completed as planned or achieve the desired results. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.



A prolonged recession and/or a downturn in our industry could result in us having insufficient funds to continue our operations and external financing may not be available to us or available only on materially different terms than what has historically been available

Our ability to generate cash from our operations is highly dependent on automotive sales and LVP, the global economy and the economies of our important markets. If LVP were to remain on low levels for an extended period of time, we would experience a significantly negative cash flow. Similarly, if cash losses for customer defaults rise sharply, we would experience a negative cash flow. Such negative cash flow could result in our having insufficient funds to continue our operations unless we can procure external financing, which may not be possible. Our access to debt, securitization, or derivative markets around the world at competitive rates or in sufficient amounts could be affected by credit rating downgrades, market volatility, market disruption, regulatory requirements, or other factors. Our ability to obtain unsecured funding at a reasonable cost is dependent on our credit ratings or our perceived creditworthiness. Our current credit rating could be lowered as a result of us experiencing significant negative cash flows, increasing our indebtedness and leverage, or a dire financial outlook, which may affect our ability to procure financing. We may also for the same, or other reasons, find it difficult to secure new long-term credit facilities, at reasonable terms, when our principal credit facility expires in 2023. Further, even our existing unutilized credit facilities may not be available to us as agreed, or only at additional cost, if participating banks are unable to raise the necessary funds, where, for instance, financial markets are not functioning as expected or one or more banks in our principal credit facility syndicate were to default. As a result, we cannot assure you that we will continue to have sufficient liquidity to meet our operating needs. In the event that we do not have sufficient external financing, we may be required to seek additional capital, sell assets, reduce or cut back our operating activities or otherwise alter our business strategy. Information concerning our credit facilities and other financings are included in Item 7 in this Annual Report in the section headed "Treasury Activities" and in Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.

## Our indebtedness may harm our financial condition and results of operations

As of December 31, 2021, we have outstanding debt of $2.0 billion. We may incur additional debt for a variety of reasons. Although our significant credit facilities and debt agreements do not have any financial covenants, our level of indebtedness will have several important effects on our future operations, including, without limitation: a portion of our cash flows from operations will be dedicated to the payment of any interest or could be used for amortization required with respect to outstanding indebtedness; increases in our outstanding indebtedness and leverage will increase our vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic and industry conditions, as well as to competitive pressure; depending on the levels of our outstanding debt, our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, acquisitions, capital expenditures, general corporate and other purposes may be limited; and potential future tightening of the availability of capital both from financial institutions and the debt markets may have an adverse effect on our ability to access additional capital.

## Governmental restrictions may impact our business adversely

Some of our customers are (or may be) owned by a governmental entity, receive various forms of governmental aid or support or are subject to governmental influence in other forms, which may impact us as a supplier to these customers. As a result, they may be required to partner with local entities or procure components from local suppliers to achieve a specific local control be subject to other restrictions regarding localized content or ownership. The nature and form of any such restrictions or protections, whatever their basis, is very difficult to predict as is their potential impact. However, they are likely to be based on political rather than economical or operational considerations and may materially impact our business.

## Impairment charges relating to our assets, goodwill and other intangible assets could adversely affect our financial performance

We periodically review the carrying value of our assets, goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment indicators. If one or more of our customers' facilities cease production or decrease their production volumes, the assets we carry related to our facilities servicing such customers may decrease in value because we may no longer be able to utilize or realize them as intended. We monitor the various factors that impact the significant, such impairments may have a material adverse impact on our financial results. We monitor the various factors that impact the valuation of our goodwill and other intangible assets, including expected future cash flow levels, global economic conditions, market price for our stock, and trends with our customers. Impairment of goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets may result from, among other things, deterioration in our performance and especially the cash flow performance of these goodwill assets, adverse market conditions and adverse changes in applicable laws or regulations. If there are changes in these circumstances or the other variables associated with the estimates, judgments and assumptions relating to the valuation of goodwill, when assessing the valuation of our goodwill items, we may determine that it is appropriate to write down a portion of our goodwill or intangible assets and record related non-cash impairment charges. In the event that we determine that we are required to write-down a portion of our goodwill items and other intangible assets and thereby record related non-cash impairment charges, our financial condition and operating results would be adversely affected. For additional information, see Part II, Item 7 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates – Goodwill and Intangibles".

## We face risks related to our defined benefit pension plans and employee benefit plans, including the need for additional funding as well as higher costs and liabilities

Our defined benefit pension plans and employee benefit plans may require additional funding or give rise to higher related costs and liabilities which, in some circumstances, could reach material amounts and negatively affect our operating results. We are required to make certain year-end assumptions regarding our pension plans. Our pension obligations are dependent on several factors, including factors outside our control such as changes in interest rates, the market performance of the diversified investments underlying the pension plans, actuarial data and adjustments and an increase in the minimum funding requirements or other regulatory changes governing the plans. Adverse equity market conditions and volatility in the credit market may have an unfavorable impact on the value of our pension assets and our future estimated pension liabilities. Internal factors such as an adjustment to the level of benefits provided under the plans may also lead to an increase in our pension liability. If these or other internal and external risks were to occur, alone or in combination, our required contributions to the plans and the costs and net liabilities associated with the plans could increase substantially and have a material effect on our business. Information concerning our benefit plans is included in Note 18 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.
We may not be able to, or we may decide not to, pay dividends or repurchase shares at a level anticipated by our shareholders, which could reduce shareholder returns

The extent to which we pay dividends on our common stock and repurchase our common stock in the future is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and depends upon a number of factors, including our earnings, financial condition, cash and capital needs, indebtedness and leverage, and general economic or business conditions. No assurance can be given that we will be able to or will choose to pay any dividends or repurchase any shares in the foreseeable future.

## Cybersecurity incidents or other damage to our technology infrastructure could disrupt business operations, result in the loss of critical and confidential information, and adversely impact our reputation and operating results

We rely extensively on information technology ("IT") networks and systems, our global data centers and services provided over the internet to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes or activities across our facilities worldwide. In addition, a greater number of our employees are working remotely as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may increase cybersecurity vulnerabilities and risk to our IT networks and systems. The secure operation of our IT networks and systems and the proper processing and maintenance of this information are critical to our business operations. We have been, and likely will continue to be, subject to cyber-attacks. To date we have seen no material impact on our business from these attacks or events. Although we seek to deploy comprehensive security measures to prevent, detect, address and mitigate these threats, there has been an increased level of activity, and an associated level of sophistication, in cyber-attacks against large multinational companies. The ever-evolving threats mean we and our third-party service providers and vendors must continually evaluate and adapt our respective systems and processes and overall security environment, as well as those of any companies we acquire. There is no guarantee that these measures will be adequate to safeguard against all data security breaches, system compromises or misuses of data. Our security measures may be breached due to human or technological error, employee malfeasance, system malfunctions or attacks from uncoordinated individuals or sophisticated and targeted measures known as advanced persistent threats, directed at the Company, its products, its customers, its third-party service providers, and/or other entities with whom we do business. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not recognized until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Disruptions and attacks on our IT systems or the systems of third parties storing our data or employee malfeasance or human or technological error could result in the misappropriation, loss, destruction or corruption of our critical data and confidential or proprietary information, personal information of our employees, the leakage of our or our customers' confidential information, improper use of our systems and networks, production or distribution of email, email and external communications, and/or the use of our systems and networks, production result in the theft of intellectual property, supply shortages, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. It may also information and disrupt our operations. The other misappropriation of assets, or otherwise compromise our confidential or proprietary theft of intellectual property, litigation with potential consequences of a material cybersecurity incident include reputational damage, engineering, diversion of the attention of third parties, diminution in the value of our investment in research, development and and remediation costs, legal claims and management away from the operation of our business and increased cybersecurity protection insurance policies), negative publicity, release of sensitive and/or confidential information, increases in operating expenses, or lost revenues which in turn could adversely affect our competitiveness and results of operations. To the extent that any disruption or security breach results in a misappropriation, loss, destruction or corruption of our customer's information, it could affect our relationships with our customers, create significant expense for us to investigate and remediate damage, lead to claims against the Company and ultimately harm our business. In addition, we may be required to incur significant costs to protect against damage caused by these disruptions or security breaches in the future. In addition, as the regulatory environment related to information security, data collection and use, and privacy becomes increasingly rigorous, with new and constantly changing requirements applicable to our business, compliance with those requirements could result in additional costs. Furthermore, our technology systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural disasters, power loss and telecommunication failures. We continuously seek to maintain a robust program of information security and controls, however, any future significant compromise or breach of our data security, whether external or internal, or misuse of customer, associate, supplier or Company data, could result in significant costs, lost sales, fines, lawsuits, and damage to our reputation.

## Third parties that maintain certain of our confidential and proprietary information could experience a cybersecurity incident

We rely on third parties to provide or maintain some of our IT systems, data centers and related services and do not exercise direct control over these systems. Despite the implementation of security measures at third party locations, these IT systems, data centers and cloud services are also vulnerable to security breaches or other disruptions. Additionally, we and certain of our third-party vendors, collect and store personal information in connection with human resources operations and other aspects of our business. While we obtain assurances that any third parties we provide data to will protect this information and, where we believe appropriate, monitor the protections employed by these third parties, there is a risk the confidentiality of data held by us or by third parties may be compromised and expose us to liability for such breach.

## Global climate change could negatively affect our business

Increased public awareness and concern regarding global climate change may result in more regional and/or national requirements to reduce or mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, our shareholders and customers may also expect us to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions. There continues to be a lack of consistent climate legislation, which creates economic and regulatory uncertainty. Any future regulations aimed at mitigating climate change may negatively impact the prices of raw materials and energy as well as the demand for certain of our customer's products which could in turn impact demand for our products and impact our results of operations. The costs of compliance and any changes to our operations mandated by new or amended laws, may be significant. We may also face unexpected delays in obtaining permits and approvals required by such laws in connection with our manufacturing facilities, which would hinder our operation of these facilities. Furthermore, any violations of these laws may result in substantial fines and penalties, remediation costs, third party damages, or a suspension or cessation of our operations. The manifestations of climate change, such as extreme weather conditions or more frequent extreme weather events could disrupt our operations, damage our facilities, disrupt our supply chain, including our customers or suppliers, impact the availability and cost of materials needed for manufacturing or increase insurance and other operating costs. As a result, severe weather or a natural disaster that results in a prolonged disruption to our operations, or the operations of our customers or suppliers, could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, cash flows or financial condition.



## Our goals, targets and ambitions related to sustainability and emissions reduction, and our public statements and disclosures regarding them, expose us to numerous risks

We have developed, and will continue to develop and set, goals, targets, ambitions and other objectives related to sustainability matters, including our net-zero emission targets both for ourselves and our supply chain. Statements related to these goals, targets, ambitions and objectives reflect our current plans and do not constitute a guarantee that they will be achieved. Our efforts to research, establish, accomplish, and accurately report on these goals, targets, and objectives expose us to numerous operational, reputational, financial, legal, and other risks. Additionally, greenhouse gas emissions, particular emissions that come from individuals and entities up and down the value chain (otherwise known as Scope 3 emissions), are very difficult to estimate and our estimates may be materially different than actual emissions. The manner in which we estimate and disclose Scope 3 emissions may differ from other companies, and currently, we do not include downstream Scope 3 emissions in our targets and ambitions. Our ability to achieve any stated goal, target, ambition or objective, including with respect to emissions reduction, is subject to numerous factors and conditions, some of which are outside of our control. We may also have to purchase carbon offsets in order to meet our targets and objectives.

Our business may face increased scrutiny from investors and other stakeholders related to our sustainability activities, including the goals, targets, and objectives that we announce, and our methodologies and timelines for pursuing them. If our sustainability practices do not meet investor or other stakeholder expectations and standards, which continue to evolve, our reputation, our ability to attract or retain employees, and our attractiveness as an investment or business partner could be negatively affected. Similarly, our failure or perceived failure to pursue or fulfill our sustainability-focused goals, targets, ambitions and objectives, to comply with ethical, environmental, or other standards, regulations, or expectations, or to satisfy various reporting standards with respect to these matters, within the timelines we announce, or at all, could adversely affect our business or reputation, as well as expose us to government enforcement actions and private litigation.

## RISKS RELATED TO INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS

## Our business is exposed to risks inherent in international operations

We currently conduct operations in various countries and jurisdictions, including locating certain of our manufacturing and distribution facilities internationally, which subjects us to the legal, political, regulatory and social requirements and economic conditions in these jurisdictions. Some of these countries are considered growth markets and emerging markets. International sales and operations, especially in growth markets, subject us to certain risks inherent in doing business abroad, including: exposure to local economic conditions; unexpected changes in laws, regulations, trade, or monetary or fiscal policy, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and changes in inflation rates; foreign tax consequences; inability to collect, or delay in collecting, value-added taxes and/or other receivables associated with remittances and other payments by subsidiaries; exposure to local political turmoil and challenging labor conditions; changes in general economic and political conditions in countries where we operate, particularly in emerging markets; expropriation and nationalization; enforcing legal agreements or collecting receivables through foreign legal systems; wage inflation; currency controls, including lack of liquidity in foreign currency due to governmental restrictions, trade protection policies and currency controls, which may create difficulty in repatriating profits or making other remittances; compliance with the requirements of an increasing body of applicable anti-bribery laws; reduced intellectual property protection in various markets; investment restrictions or requirements; and the imposition of product tariffs and the burden of complying with a wide variety of international and U.S. export laws. The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD") continues its base erosion and profit shifting ("BEPS") project begun in 2015 with new proposals for a global minimum tax, further development of a coordinated set of rules for taxation and the allocation of taxing rights between jurisdictions. These proposals, if adopted by countries in which we operate, could result in changes to tax policies, including transfer pricing policies, that could ultimately impact our tax liabilities. The timing or impact of these proposals and recommendations is unclear at this point. Changes in tax laws or policies by the U.S. or foreign jurisdictions could result in a higher effective tax rate on our worldwide earnings, and any such change could have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, cash flows, operating results and financial condition. Our international operations also depend upon favorable trade relations between the U.S. and those foreign countries in which our customers and suppliers have operations. Changes in national policy, other governmental action related to tariffs or international trade agreements, changes in U.S. social, political regulatory, and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade, manufacturing, development and investment in the territories and countries where the Company currently manufactures and sells products, and any resulting negative sentiments towards the U.S. as a result of such changes could depress economic activity and restrict our access to suppliers or customers and have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, operating results and financial condition. Increasing our manufacturing footprint in the growth markets and our business relationships with automotive manufacturers in these markets are particularly important elements of our strategy. As a result, our exposure to the risks described above may be greater in the future, and our exposure to risks associated with developing countries, such as the risk of political upheaval and reliability of local infrastructure, may increase.

## Our foreign operations may subject us to risks relating to laws governing international relations

Due to our global operations, we are subject to many laws governing international relations (including, but not limited to, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and other anti-bribery regulations in foreign jurisdictions where we do business), which prohibit improper payments to government officials and restrict where and how we can do business, what information or products we can supply to certain countries and what information we can provide to authorities in governmental authorities. We also export components and products that are subject to certain trade-related U.S. laws, including the U.S. Export Administration Act and various economic sanctions programs administered by the U.S. Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control. Although we have procedures and policies in place that should mitigate the risk of violating these laws, there is no guarantee that they will be sufficiently effective. If and when we acquire new businesses, we may not be able to ensure that the pre-existing controls and procedures meant to prevent violations of these laws were effective, and violations may occur if we are unable to timely implement corrective and effective controls and procedures when integrating newly acquired businesses. Any allegations of noncompliance with these laws could harm our reputation, divert management attention and result in significant expenses, and could therefore materially harm our business prospects, operating results and financial condition.

## Our business in Asia is subject to aggressive competition and is sensitive to economic and market conditions

We operate in the automotive supply market throughout Asia including the highly competitive markets in China, Korea, and India. In each of these markets we face competition from both international and smaller domestic manufacturers. Due to the significance of the Asian markets for our profit and growth, we are exposed to risks in China, Korea, and India. We anticipate that additional competitors, both international and domestic, may seek to enter the Chinese, Korean, and/or Indian markets resulting in increased competition. Increased competition may result in lower sales volumes, price reductions, reduced margins and our inability to gain or hold market share. There have been periods of increased market volatility and moderation in the levels of economic growth in China, which resulted in periods of lower automotive production growth rates in China than those previously experienced. Our business in Asia is sensitive to economic and market conditions that drive automotive sales volumes in China, Korea, and India and may be impacted if there are reductions in vehicle demand in those markets. If we are unable to maintain our position in these Asian markets, the pace of growth slows, or vehicle sales in these markets decrease, our business prospects, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

## Global integration may result in additional risks

Because of our efforts to manage costs by integrating our operations globally, we face the additional risk that, should any of the other risks discussed herein materialize, the negative effects could be more pronounced. For example, while supply delays of a component have typically only affected a few customer vehicle models, such a delay could now affect several vehicle models of several customers in several geographic areas. Similarly, any recall or warranty issue we face due to a product defect or failure is now more likely to involve a larger number of units in several geographic areas.

## Exchange rate risks

As a result of our global presence, a significant portion of our revenues and expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. We are therefore subject to foreign currency risks and foreign exchange exposure. Such risks and exposures include: transaction exposure, which arises because the cost of a product originates in one currency and the product is sold in another currency; revaluation effects, which arise from valuation of assets denominated in other currencies than the reporting currency of each unit; translation exposure in the income statement, which arises when the income statements of non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars; translation exposure in the balance sheet, which arises when the balance sheets of non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars; and changes in the reported U.S. dollar amounts of cash flows. We cannot predict exchange rate volatility or the extent of its impact on our future financial results. We typically denominate foreign transactions in foreign currencies to achieve a natural hedge. However, a natural hedge cannot be achieved for all our currency flows; therefore, a net transaction exposure remains within the group. The net exposure can be significant and creates a transaction exposure risk for the Company. The Company does not hedge translation exposure. However, we do engage in foreign exchange rate hedging from time to time related to foreign currency transactions. For additional information, see Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk - Currency risks.

## RISKS RELATED TO ACQUISITIONS

## We face risks in connection with acquisitions and joint ventures

Our growth has been enhanced through strategic opportunities, including acquisitions of businesses, products and technologies, and joint development agreements that we believe will complement our business. We regularly evaluate acquisition opportunities, frequently engage in acquisition discussions, conduct due diligence activities in connection with possible acquisitions, and, where appropriate, complete transactions on acceptable terms, negotiate acquired operations into our existing operations or expand into new markets. Our failure to identify suitable strategic opportunities may restrict our ability to grow our business. These strategic opportunities also involve numerous additional risks to us and our investors, including: risks related to retaining acquired management and employees; difficulties in integrating acquired technologies, products, operations, services and personnel with our existing businesses; diversion of our management's attention from other business concerns; assumption of contingent liabilities; adverse financial impacts from the amortization of expenses related to intangible assets; adverse financial impacts from potential impairment of goodwill; incurrence of indebtedness; and potential adverse financial impacts. In the future, we may pursue acquisitions of businesses or products that are complementary to our business but for which we have historically had little or no direct experience. These transactions can involve significant challenges and risks as well as significant time and resources that may divert management's attention from other business activities. If we fail to adequately manage these risks, the acquisitions may not result in revenue growth, operational synergies or service or technology enhancements, which could adversely affect our financial condition.



## RISKS RELATED TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

If our patents are declared invalid or our technology infringes on the proprietary rights of others, our ability to compete may be impaired

We have developed a considerable amount of proprietary technology related to automotive safety systems and rely on a number of patents to protect such technology. Our intellectual property plays an important role in maintaining our competitive position in a number of the markets we serve. At present, we hold more than 6,400 patents covering a large number of innovations and product ideas, mainly in the fields of seatbelt and airbag technologies. In addition to our in-house research and development efforts, we seek to acquire rights to new intellectual property through corporate acquisitions, asset acquisitions, licensing and joint venture arrangements. Our patents and licenses expire on various dates during the period from 2022 to 2041. We do not expect the expiration of any single patent or license to have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Development or assertions by or against us relating to intellectual property rights could negatively impact our business. We primarily protect our innovations with patents and vigorously protect and defend our patents, trademarks and know-how against infringement and unauthorized use. If we are not able to protect our intellectual property and our proprietary rights and technology, we could lose those rights and incur substantial costs primarily and defending those rights. We also generate license revenue from these patents, which we may lose if we do not adequately protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights. Our means of protecting our intellectual property, proprietary rights and technology may not be adequate, and our competitors may independently develop technologies that are similar or superior to our proprietary technologies, duplicate our technologies, or design around the patents we own or license. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to as great an extent as the laws of the U.S. and we may encounter significant problems in protecting and defending our intellectual property rights in certain foreign jurisdictions. This could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or misappropriation of our other intellectual property rights. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business. Accordingly, our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights in such countries may be inadequate.

We may not be able to protect our proprietary technology and intellectual property rights, which could result in the loss of our rights or increased costs.

Although we believe that our products and technology do not infringe the proprietary rights of others, third parties may assert infringement claims against us in the future. Additionally, we license from third parties proprietary technology covered by patents, and we cannot be certain that any such patents will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. Such licenses may also be non-exclusive, meaning our competition may also be able to access such technology. Further, we expect to continue to expand our products and services and expand into new businesses, including through developing new products, acquisitions, joint ventures and joint development agreements, which could increase our exposure to patent and other intellectual property claims from competitors and other parties. If claims alleging patent, copyright or trademark infringement are brought against us and are successfully prosecuted against us, they could result in substantial costs. If a successful claim is made against us and we fail to develop non-infringing technology that we could reasonably assert against us, we may be unable to assert our intellectual property rights and we may not be able to replace the functions provided by these successfully prosecuted, they could result in substantial costs, and we may not be able to replace the functions provided by these licensors. Alternate sources for the technology currently licensed to us may not be available in a timely manner, may not provide the same functions as currently provided or may be more expensive than products currently used. We may develop proprietary information through our in-house research and development efforts, consulting arrangements or research and development activities in a timely manner, and we may not be able to replace the functions provided by these successfully prosecuted, they could result in substantial costs, and we may not be able to replace the functions provided by these successfully prosecuted, they could not be replaced by alternative technologies. However, we may fail to enter into the necessary agreements, and even if entered into, these agreements may be breached or may otherwise fail to prevent disclosure, third-party infringement or misappropriation of our proprietary information.

We may not be able to respond quickly enough to changes in technology and technological risks and to develop our intellectual property into commercially viable products

Changes in legislative, regulatory or industry requirements or in competitive technologies may render certain of our products obsolete or less attractive to our customers. We currently license certain proprietary technology to third parties and, if such technology becomes obsolete or less attractive, those licensees could terminate our license agreements, which could adversely affect our results of operations. Our ability to anticipate changes in technology and regulatory standards and to successfully develop and introduce new and enhanced products on a timely basis will be a significant factor in our ability to remain competitive. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to achieve the technological advances that may be necessary for us to remain competitive or that certain of our products will not become obsolete. We are also subject to the risks generally associated with new product introductions and applications, including lack of market acceptance, delays in product development and failure of products to operate properly. As part of our business strategy, we may from time to time seek to acquire businesses or assets that provide us with additional intellectual property. We may experience problems integrating acquired technologies into our existing technologies and products, and such acquired intellectual property may be subject to known or contingent liabilities such as infringement claims.
Some of our products and technologies may use “open source” software, which may restrict how we use or distribute our products or require that we release the source code of certain products subject to those licenses

Some of our products and technologies may incorporate software licensed under so-called “open source” licenses. In addition to risks related to license requirements, usage of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on origin of the software. Additionally, open source licenses typically require that source code subject to the license be made available to the public and that any modifications or derivative works to open source software continue to be licensed under open source licenses. These open source licenses typically mandate that proprietary software, when combined in specific ways with open source software, become subject to the open source license. If we combine our proprietary software in such ways with open source software, we could be required to release the source code of our proprietary software. We take steps to ensure that our proprietary software is not combined with, and does not incorporate, open source software in ways that would require our proprietary software to be subject to an open source license. However, few courts have interpreted open source licenses; therefore the manner in which these licenses may be interpreted and enforced is subject to some uncertainty.

## RISKS RELATED TO GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND TAXES

Our business may be adversely affected by laws or regulations, including environmental, occupational health and safety or other governmental regulations

We are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations, including those related to the requirements of environmental, occupational health and safety, financial and other matters. We cannot predict the substance or impact of pending or future legislation or regulations, or the application thereof. The introduction of new laws or regulations or changes in existing laws or regulations, or the interpretations thereof, could increase the costs of doing business for us or our customers or suppliers or restrict our actions and adversely affect our business prospects, operating results, cash flows or financial condition. Our operations are subject to environmental and safety laws and regulations governing, among other things, emissions to air, discharges to waters and the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste and other materials. The operation of automotive parts manufacturing facilities entails risks in these areas, and we cannot assure that we will not incur material costs or liabilities as a result. Additionally, environmental laws, regulations, and permits and the enforcement thereof change frequently and have tended to become increasingly stringent over time, which may necessitate substantial capital expenditures or operating costs or may require changes of production processes. Although we have no known pending material environmental issues, there is no assurance that we will not be adversely impacted by any environmental costs, liabilities or claims in the future either under present laws and regulations or those that may be adopted or imposed in the future. Our cost cash flows, or financial condition. Our facilities in the U.S. are subject to regulation by the Office on Burns, assigment, and regulation standards ("OSHA"), which regulates the protection of the health and safety of workers. In addition, the OSHA hazard communication standards require that we maintain information about hazardous materials used or produced in our operations and that we provide this information to employees, state and local governmental authorities and local residents. We are also subject to occupational safety regulations in other countries. Our failure to comply with government occupational safety regulations, including OSHA requirements, or general industry standards relating to employee health and safety, keep adequate records or monitor occupational exposure to regulated substances could expose us to liability, enforcement, and fines and penalties, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows, or financial condition. Although we employ safety procedures in the design and operation of our facilities, there is a risk that an accident or injury to one of our employees could occur in one of our facilities. Any accident or injury to our employees could result in litigation, manufacturing delays and harm to our reputation, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition.



## Our business may be adversely affected by changes in automotive safety regulations or concerns that drive further regulation of the automobile safety market

Government vehicle safety regulations are a key driver in our business. Historically, these regulations have imposed ever more stringent safety regulations for vehicles. Safety regulations have a positive impact on driver awareness and acceptance of automotive safety products and technology. These more stringent safety regulations often require vehicles to have more safety content per vehicle and more advanced safety products, which has thus been a driver of growth in our business. However, these regulations are subject to change based on a number of factors that are not within our control, including new scientific or medical data, adverse publicity regarding the industry recalls and safety risks of airbags or seatbelts (for instance, to children and small adults), domestic and foreign political developments or considerations, and litigation relating to our products and our competitors' products. Changes in government regulations in response to these and other considerations could have a severe impact on our business. Although we believe that over time safety will continue to be a regulatory priority, if government priorities shift and we are unable to adapt to changing regulations, our business may suffer material adverse effects. The regulatory obligation of complying with safety regulations could increase as federal and local regulators impose more stringent compliance and reporting requirements in response to product recalls and safety issues in our industry. We are subject to existing stringent requirements under the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 (the "Vehicle Safety Act"), including a duty to report, subject to strict timing requirements, safety defects with our products. The Vehicle Safety Act imposes potentially significant civil penalties for violations including the failure to comply with such reporting actions. We are also subject to the existing U.S. Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability and Documentation (TREAD) Act, which requires equipment manufacturers, such as Autoliv, to comply with "Early Warning" requirements by reporting certain information to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration ("NHTSA") such as: information related to defects or reports of injury related to our products. TREAD imposes criminal liability for violating such requirements if a defect subsequently causes death or bodily injury. In addition, the Vehicle Safety Act authorizes NHTSA to require a manufacturer to recall and repair vehicles that contain safety defects or fail to comply with U.S. federal motor vehicle safety standards. Sales into foreign countries may be subject to similar regulations. Due to the record recall of airborne inflators of one of our competitors, NHTSA has become more active in requesting information from suppliers and vehicle manufacturers regarding potential product defects and we expect that to continue or increase under the new U.S. presidential administration.

## Negative or unexpected tax developments could adversely affect our effective tax rate, operating results and financial condition

Changes in, or changes in the application of, U.S. or foreign tax laws, regulations or accounting principles with respect to matters such as tax base, tax rates, transfer pricing, dividends and restrictions on certain forms of tax relief or limitations on favorable tax treatment could affect the carrying value of our deferred tax assets and/or our effective tax rate. Our annual tax rate is based on our income and the tax laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Because of our global operations we face uncertainties and judgments in the application of complex tax regulations in a multitude of jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our effective tax rate and in evaluating our tax positions. Although we believe that our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of our tax liability may be different from what is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. We are regularly examined by tax authorities around the world and in a number of jurisdictions, we are currently under examination, which inherently creates uncertainty. Although we periodically assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes, negative or unexpected results from one or more of such reviews and audits, including any related interest or penalties imposed by governmental authorities, could increase our effective tax rate and adversely impact our operating results, cash flows or financial condition. The effective tax rates used for interim reporting are based on our projected full-year geographic earnings mix and take into account projected tax costs on intercompany dividends lower tier subsidiaries. Changes in currency exchange rates, earnings mix among taxing jurisdictions, or the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends could impact our reported effective tax rates, or cause fluctuations in the tax rate from quarter to quarter. Certain anti-trust judgments or settlements may not be tax deductible, which could have a material negative impact to our annual tax rate. A number of other factors may also increase our effective tax rate, which could have an adverse impact on our profitability and operating results. Due to our numerous foreign operations, our tax rate may be impacted by our global mix of earnings if our pre-tax income is lower than anticipated in countries with lower statutory tax rates and/or is higher than anticipated in countries with higher statutory tax rates. Based on U.S. regulatory rules, we do not record current or deferred tax liabilities on permanent investments in our foreign subsidiaries. See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.

## We may not be able to fully realize our deferred tax assets

We currently carry deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances, resulting from deductible temporary differences and tax loss carry-forwards, both of which will reduce taxable income in the future. However, deferred tax assets may only be realized against taxable income. The amount of our deferred tax assets could be reduced, from time to time, due to adverse changes in our operations or in estimates of future taxable income from operations during the carry-forward period as a result of a deterioration in market conditions or other circumstances. Any such reduction would adversely affect our income in the period of the adjustment. Additional information on our deferred tax assets is included in Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.

## RISKS RELATED TO THE SEPARATION OF VEONEER

## We could incur significant liability if the separation is determined to be a taxable transaction

We have received an opinion of outside counsel to the effect that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the separation should qualify, for both Autoliv and its stockholders, as a reorganization within the meaning of Sections 368(a)(1)(D) and 355 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The opinion is based on and relies on, among other things, certain facts and assumptions, as well as certain representations, statements and undertakings of Autoliv and Veoneer, including those relating to the past and future conduct of Autoliv and Veoneer. If any of these facts, assumptions, representations, statements or undertakings is, or becomes, inaccurate or incomplete, reliance on the opinion may be affected. An opinion of outside counsel represents their legal judgment but is not binding on the IRS or any court. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge the conclusions reflected in the opinion or that a court would not sustain such a challenge.

## Potential indemnification obligations to Veoneer or a refusal of Veoneer to indemnify us pursuant to the agreements executed in connection with the internal reorganization and spin-off could materially adversely affect us

The transaction agreements we entered into with Veoneer in connection with the internal reorganization and the spin-off provide for cross-indemnities that require Autoliv and Veoneer to bear financial responsibility for each company's business prior to the internal reorganization or spin-off, as applicable, and to indemnify the other party in connection with a breach of such party of the transaction agreements; provided, however, certain warranty, recall and product liabilities for electronics products manufactured prior to the completion of the internal reorganization have been retained by us and we will indemnify Veoneer for any losses associated with such warranty, recall or product liability related to the distribution agreement entered into as part of the spin-off. Any indemnities that we are required to provide to Veoneer may be significant and could negatively affect our business. In addition, there can be no assurance that the indemnities from Veoneer will be sufficient to protect us against the full amount of any potential liabilities. Even if we do succeed in recovering from Veoneer any amounts for which we are held liable, we may be temporarily required to bear these losses ourselves. Additionally, Veoneer has announced that it entered into a definitive agreement to be acquired by Qualcomm Incorporated and SSW Partners. If such transaction is completed, our ability to recover any amounts from Veoneer pursuant to the transaction agreements may be impacted. Each of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

## Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.



## Item 2. Properties

Autoliv's principal executive offices are located at Klarabergsviadukten 70, Section B7, SE-111 64, Stockholm, Sweden. Autoliv's various businesses operate in a number of production facilities and offices. Autoliv believes that its properties are adequately maintained and suitable for their intended use and that the Company's production facilities have adequate capacity for the Company's current and foreseeable needs. All of Autoliv's production facilities and offices are owned or leased by operating (either subsidiary or joint venture) companies.

AUTOLIV MANUFACTURING FACILITIES

<table><tr><td>Country/Company</td><td>Location of Facility</td><td>Items produced at Facility</td><td>Owned/Leased</td></tr><tr><td>Brazil</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv do Brasil Ltda.</td><td>Taubaté</td><td>Seatbelts, airbags, steering wheels and seatbelt webbing</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Canada</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Canada, Inc.</td><td>Tilbury Collingwood</td><td>Airbag cushions Seatbelt webbing</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>China</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv (Baoding) Vehicle Safety Systems Co., Ltd</td><td>Baoding</td><td>Airbags</td><td>Leased</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv (Changchun) Vehicle Safety Systems Co., Ltd.</td><td>Changchun</td><td>Airbags and seatbelts</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv (China) Steering Wheel Co., Ltd.</td><td>Fengxian/Shanghai</td><td>Steering wheels</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv (Guangzhou) Vehicle Safety Systems Co., Ltd.</td><td>Guangzhou</td><td>Airbags and seatbelts</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv (Nanjing) Vehicle Safety Systems Co., Ltd.</td><td>Nanjing</td><td>Seatbelts</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Shedna (Nanjing) Automotive Components Co., Ltd.</td><td>Nanjing</td><td>Seatbelt webbing</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv (Shanghai) Vehicle Safety Systems Co., Ltd.</td><td>Shanghai</td><td>Airbags</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Shedna (Tai Cang) Automotive Safety Systems Co., Ltd.</td><td>Shanghai</td><td>Seatbelt webbing</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv (Jiangsu) Automotive Safety Components Co., Ltd.</td><td>Jintan</td><td>Propellant, Airbag initiators and Airbag inflators</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv (China) Automotive Safety Systems Co., Ltd.</td><td>Nantong</td><td>Airbag cushions</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Mei-An Autoliv Co., Ltd.</td><td>Taipei</td><td>Seatbelts and airbags</td><td>Leased</td></tr><tr><td>Estonia</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>AS Norma</td><td>Tallinn</td><td>Seatbelts and belt components</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>France</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv France SNC</td><td>Gournay-en-Bray</td><td>Airbags</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Isodelta SAS</td><td>Chiré-en-Montreuil</td><td>Steering wheels and covers</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Livbag SAS</td><td>Pont-de-Buis</td><td>Airbag initiators</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>N.C.S. Pyrotechnie et Technologies SAS</td><td>Survilleirs</td><td>Airbag initiators and seatbelt micro gas generators</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Germany</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv B.V. &amp; Co. KG</td><td>Elmshorn</td><td>Seatbelts</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Hungary</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Kft.</td><td>Sopronkövesd</td><td>Seatbelts</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>India</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv India Private Ltd.</td><td>Bangalore</td><td>Seatbelts, airbags</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Mysore</td><td>Seatbelt webbing and Airbag</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Delhi</td><td>Airbags and steering wheels</td><td>Leased</td></tr><tr><td>Indonesia</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>P.T. Autoliv Indonesia</td><td>Jakarta</td><td>Seatbelts and steering wheels</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Japan</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Japan Ltd.</td><td>Atsugi</td><td>Steering wheels</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Hiroshima</td><td>Airbags and steering wheels</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Taketoyo</td><td>Airbag inflators</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Tsukuba</td><td>Airbags and seatbelts</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Malaysia</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv-Hirotako Sdn Bhd</td><td>Kuala Lumpur</td><td>Seatbelts, airbags and steering wheels</td><td>Owned</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>Mexico</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Mexico East S.A. de C.V.</td><td>Matamoros</td><td>Steering wheels</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Mexico S.A. de C.V.</td><td>Lerma</td><td>Seatbelts</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Safety Technology de Mexico S.A. de C.V.</td><td>Tijuana</td><td>Seatbelts</td><td>Leased</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Steering Wheels Mexico S. de R.L. de C.V.</td><td>Querétaro</td><td>Airbag cushions</td><td>Leased</td></tr><tr><td>Philippines</td><td></td><td>Airbags</td><td>Leased</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Cebu Safety Manufacturing, Inc.</td><td>Cebu</td><td>Steering wheels</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Poland</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Poland Sp. zo.o.</td><td>Olawaj</td><td>Airbag cushions</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Jelcz-Laskowice</td><td>Airbags and seatbelts</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Romania</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Romania S.R.L.</td><td>Brasov</td><td>Seatbelts, seatbelt webbing, airbag inflators and seatbelt components</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Lugoj</td><td>Airbag cushions</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Resita</td><td>Airbag cushions</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Sfantu George</td><td>Steering wheels</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Onesti</td><td>Steering wheels</td><td>Leased</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Rovinari</td><td>Seatbelts</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Russia</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>OOO Autoliv</td><td>Togliatti</td><td>Airbags, seatbelts and steering wheels</td><td>Leased</td></tr><tr><td>South Africa</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd.</td><td>Krügersdorp</td><td>Seatbelts and airbags</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>South Korea</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Corporation</td><td>Hwasung Wonju</td><td>Airbags</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Seatbelts</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td>Spain</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv BKI S.A.U.</td><td>Valencia</td><td>Airbags</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sweden</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Sverige AB</td><td>Vårgårda</td><td>Airbag inflators</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thailand</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Thailand Ltd.</td><td>Chonburi</td><td>Seatbelts, Airbags and Steering wheels</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Chonburi</td><td>Seatbelt components</td><td>Leased</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tunisia</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SWT1 SARL</td><td>El Fahs</td><td>Leather wrapping of steering wheels</td><td>Owned &amp; Leased</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Nadhour</td><td>PU Molding and Leather wrapping of steering wheels</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Turkey</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Cankor Otomotiv Emniyet Sistemleri Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S.</td><td>Gebze-Kocaeli</td><td>Seatbelts</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Cankor Otomotiv Emniyet Sistemleri Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. Gebze-Subesi</td><td>Gebze-Kocaeli</td><td>Airbags, Steering wheels and Seatbelt components</td><td>Leased</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>United Kingdom</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Airbags International Ltd</td><td>Congleton</td><td>Airbag cushions</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>USA</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv ASP, Inc.</td><td>Brigham City</td><td>Airbag inflators</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ogden</td><td>Airbags</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Promontory</td><td>Airbags and service parts</td><td>Leased</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Tremonton</td><td>Propellant</td><td>Owned</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>Airbag initiators and seatbelt micro gas generators</td><td>Owned</td></tr></table>



## AUTOLIV TECHNICAL CENTERS AND CRASH TEST TRACKS

<table><tr><td>Country/Company</td><td>Location</td><td>Product(s) supported</td></tr><tr><td>China</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv (Shanghai) Vehicle Safety System Technical Center Co., Ltd.</td><td>Shanghai</td><td>Inflators and pyrotechnics customer applications, airbags, steering wheels and seatbelts customer applications and platform development with full-scale test laboratory</td></tr><tr><td>France</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv France SNC</td><td>Gournay-en-Bray</td><td>Airbags and seatbelts customer applications and platform development with full-scale test laboratory</td></tr><tr><td>Livbag SAS</td><td>Pont-de-Buis</td><td>Inflator and pyrotechnic development</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Isodelta SAS</td><td>Chiré-de-Montreuil</td><td>Steering wheels development and customer applications</td></tr><tr><td>Germany</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv B.V. &amp; Co. KG</td><td>Dachau</td><td>Customer applications and platform development, airbags with full-scale test laboratory</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Elmshorn</td><td>Seatbelts with full-scale test laboratory</td></tr><tr><td>India</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv India Private Ltd.</td><td>Bangalore</td><td>Airbags and seatbelts with sled testing</td></tr><tr><td>Japan</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Japan Ltd.</td><td>Tsukuba</td><td>Airbags and seatbelts customer applications and platform development with sled test laboratory</td></tr><tr><td>Poland</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Poland Sp. z o.o.</td><td>Jelcz</td><td>Airbags applications and platform development</td></tr><tr><td>Romania</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Romania S.R.L.</td><td>Brasov</td><td>Seatbelts with sled test laboratory</td></tr><tr><td>South Korea</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Corporation</td><td>Seoul</td><td>Airbags and seatbelts customer applications and platform development with sled test laboratory</td></tr><tr><td>Sweden</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Development AB</td><td>Vårgårda</td><td>Research center</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv Sverige AB</td><td>Vårgårda</td><td>Airbags customer applications, inflator and special safety products development with full-scale test laboratory</td></tr><tr><td>USA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv ASP, Inc.</td><td>Auburn Hills</td><td>Airbags, steering wheels, and seatbelts customer applications and platform development with sled test laboratory</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ogden</td><td>Airbags, inflators and pyrotechnics customer applications and platform development</td></tr></table>

## Item 3. Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of its business, the Company is subject to legal proceedings brought by or against the Company and its subsidiaries.

See Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report for a summary of certain ongoing legal proceedings. Such information is incorporated into this Part I, Item 3 – “Legal Proceedings” by reference.

## Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.



## Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

## Shareholder information

The primary exchange market for Autoliv’s securities is the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) where Autoliv’s common stock trades under the symbol “ALV”. Autoliv’s Swedish Depositary Receipts (SDRs) are traded on NASDAQ Stockholm’s list for large market cap companies under the symbol “ALIV SDB”. Options in SDRs trade on Nasdaq Stockholm under the name “Autoliv SDB”. Options in Autoliv shares are traded on NASDAQ OMX PHLX and on NYSE Amex Options under the symbol “ALV”.

## Share price information \( ^{*} \) 





* For all periods before the distribution date of Veoneer on June 29, 2018, the Autoliv share prices are adjusted by a factor of 72.04%.

## Number of shares

During 2021, the weighted average number of shares outstanding (excluding dilution and treasury shares) increased to 87.5 million from 87.3 million in 2020. Assuming dilution, the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the full year 2021 increased to 87.7 from 87.5 million in 2020.

Stock options (if exercised) and granted Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) and Performance Shares (PSs) could increase the number of shares outstanding by 0.4 million shares in the aggregate. Combined, this would add 0.5% to the number of shares outstanding. In November 2021, the Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase program that authorizes the Company to repurchase up to 8.1 billion or up to 17 million shares (whichever comes first) between January 2022 and the end of 2024. On December 31, 2021, the Company had 15.3 million treasury shares.

## Shareholders

As of the end of 2021 around 23% of Autoliv’s securities were held by U.S.-based shareholders and around 60% by Sweden-based shareholders. Most of the remaining Autoliv securities were held in the U.K., Switzerland, Norway, France and Germany.

## Dividends

Autoliv has a history of paying quarterly cash dividends. Declared dividends are announced in press releases and published on Autoliv's corporate website. On April 2, 2020, the Board of Directors suspended the Company's quarterly dividend after determining that a suspension was necessary considering the evolving global COVID-19 pandemic, decline in global LVP, the uncertainty surrounding the recession at that time and the inherent risk of customer defaults. In the second quarter of 2021 the Board of Directors reinstated quarterly dividends. The Board of Directors revisits dividends on a quarterly basis. There can be no assurance that the Board of Directors will declare dividends in the future. See Autoliv's corporate website for additional details regarding historical dividends.

## Stock incentive plan

Autoliv employees participate in the Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the "Stock Incentive Plan") and receive Autoliv stock-based awards from time to time. Additional information regarding the securities authorized for issuance under the Stock Incentive Plan is included in Item 12 of this Annual Report.

Autoliv has adopted a Stock Ownership Policy for Executives requiring the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO) to accumulate and hold the number of Autoliv shares having a value of twice his annual base salary. For other executives, the minimum requirement is, over time, a holding equal to each executive’s annual base salary.

## Stock repurchase program

On December 31, 2021, the Stock repurchase program authorized by the Board of Directors in 2014 expired with approximately 3 million shares remaining. In November 2021, the Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase program that authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $1.5 billion or up to 17 million shares (whichever comes first) between January 2022 and the end of 2024.



## Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

## IMPORTANT TRENDS

The discussions and analysis in this section are focused on the Company's results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. Discussions of the Company's results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 can be found in Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which was filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2021.

Autoliv, Inc. (the “Company”) provides automotive safety systems to the automotive industry with a broad range of product offerings, primarily passive safety systems. In the year ended December 31, 2021, a number of factors have influenced the Company’s results of operations. The most notable factors have been:

• COVID-19 pandemic

• Industry supply chain challenges and availability of semi-conductors limiting the light vehicle production ("LVP") recovery

• Raw material price increases

• Continued growth above LVP driven by higher content per vehicle and execution of strong order book

• High order intake share maintained

• Strategic and structural initiatives

• Continued focus on operational excellence and quality

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">YEARS ENDED DEC. 31 (DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT EPS)</td><td colspan="2">2021</td><td colspan="2">2020</td></tr><tr><td>Reported \( ^{1)} \)</td><td>change</td><td>Reported \( ^{1)} \)</td><td>change</td></tr><tr><td>Global light vehicle production (in thousands)</td><td>73,425</td><td>3</td><td>71,538</td><td>(17)</td></tr><tr><td>Consolidated net sales</td><td>8,230</td><td>11</td><td>7,447</td><td>(13)</td></tr><tr><td>Operating income</td><td>675</td><td>77</td><td>382</td><td>(47)</td></tr><tr><td>Operating margin, %</td><td>8.2</td><td>3.1</td><td>5.1</td><td>(3.4)</td></tr><tr><td>Net income attributable to controlling interest</td><td>435</td><td>133</td><td>187</td><td>(60)</td></tr><tr><td>Earnings per share \( ^{2)} \)</td><td>4.96</td><td>132</td><td>2.14</td><td>(60)</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash provided by operating activities</td><td>754</td><td>(11)</td><td>849</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Return on capital employed, %</td><td>18.3</td><td>7.9</td><td>9.0</td><td>(9.3)</td></tr></table>

1) Reported figures impacted by costs for capacity alignments and antitrust related matters. See section Items affecting comparability and Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

2) Assuming dilution and net of treasury shares.

## COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The COVID-19 pandemic continued to impact the Company's business in 2021 mainly indirectly through the global semiconductor shortage and other industry supply chain disruptions which both limited the LVP by the Company's customers and resulted in significantly increased raw material prices. Supply chain disruptions also lead to lower customer demand visibility and material changes to call-offs with short notice which negatively impacted production efficiency and profitability in the year, although the situation stabilized somewhat in the latter part of the year. Rising raw material costs amounted to around 1.3pp in operating margin headwind in 2021, of which a small part was offset by commercial customer recoveries.

Direct COVID-19 related costs, such as personal protective equipment, quarantine costs, premium freight and other items, were around $14 million in 2021 ($20 million in 2020). Governmental support in connection with furloughing, short-term work weeks, and other similar activities was around $2 million in 2021 ($37 million in 2020).

In response to the ongoing challenging market conditions, Autoliv management continued to implement strict cost control measures in 2021. This includes footprint and capacity alignment in Europe, as well as moving overhead functions to Best Cost Countries in Americas. The Company has initiated further footprint adjustments in Japan and in the Rest of Asia. By December 31, 2021, total headcount was reduced by 11% compared to December 31, 2020. The situation is monitored closely, and further actions are being evaluated.

The Company expects the current industry-wide semiconductor supply shortage to be a limiting factor for the LVP recovery in 2022. Rising raw material costs are expected to amount to around 3pp in operating margin headwind in full year 2022, with around 5pp year over year impact in the first half and around 1-2pp in the second half. Customer recoveries are expected to offset some of these expected raw material cost increases, mainly in the second half of the year.

## GROWTH IMPACTED BY LIGHT VEHICLE PRODUCTION, SAFETY CONTENT PER VEHICLE AND STRONG ORDER BOOK

The most important driver for Autoliv's sales is the LVP. During the past ten years LVP has shown year-over-year growth with the exception of the years 2018-2020. Despite strong end-consumer demand for new vehicles, global light vehicle production (LVP) only grew by 3% in 2021 - significantly less than the 14% expected by IHS Markit in the beginning of the year. This was a result of the COVID-19 pandemic continuing to impact the availability of semiconductors as well as other parts of the global automotive supply chain.

During 2021 the Company experienced a recovery of global LVP in the early parts of the year, while increased industry wide supply chain issues, especially semi-conductor availability, lowered global LVP in the second and especially the third quarter. In the fourth quarter of 2021, LVP rebounded as compared to the third quarter indicating improved availability of semiconductors.

## Light Vehicle Production \( ^{1)} \) 

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2">2021</td><td colspan="2">2020</td><td colspan="2">Change 2021 vs 2020</td></tr><tr><td>(000&#x27;) units</td><td>% global</td><td>(000&#x27;) units</td><td>% global</td><td>(000&#x27; units</td><td>%</td></tr><tr><td>Americas</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>North America</td><td>14,507</td><td>20%</td><td>14,178</td><td>20%</td><td>330</td><td>2%</td></tr><tr><td>South America</td><td>11,922</td><td>16%</td><td>11,948</td><td>17%</td><td>(26)</td><td>(0)%</td></tr><tr><td>Europe</td><td>2,586</td><td>4%</td><td>2,230</td><td>3%</td><td>356</td><td>16%</td></tr><tr><td>Asia</td><td>15,623</td><td>21%</td><td>16,454</td><td>23%</td><td>(831)</td><td>(5)%</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>41,371</td><td>56%</td><td>39,180</td><td>55%</td><td>2,191</td><td>6%</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>23,028</td><td>31%</td><td>21,959</td><td>31%</td><td>1,069</td><td>5%</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>7,292</td><td>10%</td><td>7,624</td><td>11%</td><td>(332)</td><td>(4)%</td></tr><tr><td>South Korea</td><td>3,390</td><td>5%</td><td>3,449</td><td>5%</td><td>(59)</td><td>(2)%</td></tr><tr><td>India</td><td>4,055</td><td>6%</td><td>3,234</td><td>5%</td><td>821</td><td>25%</td></tr><tr><td>Other Asia</td><td>3,605</td><td>5%</td><td>2,913</td><td>4%</td><td>692</td><td>24%</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>1,925</td><td>3%</td><td>1,727</td><td>2%</td><td>198</td><td>11%</td></tr><tr><td>Global Total</td><td>73,425</td><td></td><td>71,538</td><td></td><td>1,887</td><td>3%</td></tr></table>

Chinese LVP, the world's largest automotive market, increased by 1.1 million units or by 5% from 2020 to 2021. In Europe, an important market for automotive safety systems, LVP decreased by 5% or by approximately 0.8 million light vehicles during the same period. In North America, LVP was virtually unchanged from 2020.

Europe’s share of global LVP has declined to 21% from 23% while Americas share was unchanged at 20% and China’s share remained at 31%. Japan’s share declined to 10% from 11% while India’s share increased to 6% from 5%.

We expect light vehicle markets to grow both in the short and long term, especially in the next few years, driven by pent-up end user demand and a rebuilding of new vehicle inventories. The growth is expected to take place in all regions.

Due to more stringent crash test rating requirements, by institutes such as Euro NCAP; increased government regulations and increasing consumer demand for more safety in emerging markets, the Company sees vehicle manufacturers installing more airbags and more advanced seatbelt systems in vehicles. This generally takes place when new models are introduced. The safety standards of vehicles are increasing in China, India and other growth markets such as Brazil, partially due to new government regulations and crash test rating programs. For example, the Indian government has decided on a new traffic regulation that mandates more rigid crash test standards for light vehicles. This is supporting higher installation rate of airbags and more advanced seatbelts, impacting CPV positively, partly offset by negative effects from continued pricing pressure from vehicle manufacturers. The trend of increasing CPV was negatively impacted in 2021 by the unfavorable regional LVP mix development, as LVP in higher safety content regions such as Western Europe, North America, Japan and South Korea declined, while LVP in lower safety content regions such as South America, China and India increased. This negative regional mix effect was more than offset by the overall increase in global CPV of around 2% and the execution of the Company's strong order book, leading to a record number of product launches which supported an organic growth (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) of 5.2pp above growth in global LVP. The average global safety CPV (airbags, pedestrian safety, seatbelts and steering wheels) amounted to around $250 in 2021.

The more stringent crash rating requirements and consumer demand for more safety should enable the global automotive safety market to grow around 2pp per year faster than the global LVP during the next three years.

The past years' high order intake share have resulted in the Company's sales development outperforming the underlying LVP significantly in the past three years. In 2021, the Company's organic sales (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) development outpaced global LVP by around 5 percentage points, due to increased safety content per vehicle and as an effect of recent years high order intake share.

The Company estimates that the sales to Plug-In Hybrids (PHEV) and Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) amounted to more than $1.2 billion in 2021, an increase of more than 60% compared to the previous year.



## WELL BALANCED GLOBAL FOOTPRINT

The Company's regional sales mix continues to be balanced with 28% of sales in Europe, 31% in the Americas and 41% in Asia in 2021, compared to 28%, 31% and 41%, respectively, in 2020. In Asia, the Company's sales in the important Chinese market remained at 21% of total sales in 2021. The Company's sales in India increased to 3% of total sales in 2021 from 2% in 2020.

The balanced regional sales mix has been achieved through timely investments and strengthening of technical and support capabilities in growth markets.

## CONTINUED STRONG ORDER INTAKE SHARE

Building on a strong base, including supplying products to more than 1,100 vehicle models and around 100 car brands, the Company estimates that it in 2021 for the seventh consecutive year recorded an order intake share of available orders that was above the Company's sales market share, which in 2021 the Company estimates increased to around 43% from 42% the prior year. The lead time from order intake to start of production is typically 18-36 months. During this period the products are engineered into the vehicle to provide the expected protection for occupants in case of a crash and to meet legal and regulatory requirements, as well as other requirements from the vehicle manufacturer. This investment in new products is the main reason for the high level of RD&E expenses, net. Additionally, the Company has to build up production capacity, in the form of new lines, to meet future product launches.

The Company's order intake share for 2021 continued on a high level. The Company estimates that it booked around 50% of available order value in 2021. The estimated life-time sales for all orders booked in 2021 is around $1 billion, compared to around $10 billion in 2020. New order intake is defined as the sales value of awards for future business, received within that year. The life time value is calculated using detailed assumptions of price and volumes over the years of production and the exchange rates prevailing at the time of receiving the order.

Due to the lead time from order to start of production, 2017 was the first year that the increased level of order intake began to impact the Company's sales. Over the last four years, sales have substantially outperformed the change in global LVP. In both 2021 and 2020 the outperformance was around 5pp. During 2021, growth was positively affected through recent launches of several new models, including Jeep Grand Cherokee, Toyota Sienna, Mitsubishi Outlander, Mercedes S-Class, Dacia Logan and Sandero, Genesis GV70.

## STRATEGIC INITIATIVES AND STRUCTURAL IMPROVEMENTS

The expected 2021 light vehicle market recovery was hampered by an industry wide shortage of semi-conductors while raw material inflation resulted in significant increases in cost for purchased material. In response, Autoliv management continued to implement strict cost control measures, adapting manning levels to the demand decline. By December 31, 2021, total headcount was reduced by around 8,000 compared to December 31, 2020. In addition to continuously adjusting the labor force to short term demand fluctuations, management actions include footprint and capacity alignment in Europe, as well as moving overhead functions to Best Cost Countries in Americas, and initiating further footprint adjustments in Japan and in the Rest of Asia.

Additionally, the Company has introduced several initiatives in previous years, such as the Structural Efficiency Program 1 and 2. The first program was fully implemented in 2020 and the second program is expected to be fully implemented in 2022.

The provision, net of reversals, for restructuring activities in 2021 amounted to $8 million compared to $99 million in 2020. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has $88 million reserved in its balance sheet related to restructuring compared to $126 million last year. For more information, see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

In addition to the structural improvements outlined above, the Company continues to implement the strategic initiatives to improve the efficiency of its value chain from end to end, not least through the Autoliv Production System and increased digitalization and automation. With several hundred projects in implementation or undergoing development, the Company has a high pace in the planning and implementation of the strategic initiatives and structural improvements. These initiatives are key drivers to the Company's medium-term targets and building the foundation to continue to create shareholder value.

## IMPROVED EFFICIENCIES THROUGH OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE

Pricing pressure is an inherent part of the automotive supplier business. Price reductions are generally higher on newer products with strong volume growth compared to older products, where both the possibilities to re-design the product to reduce costs and market growth are less. Price reductions can also depend on the business cycle and raw material price development. For the five-year period 2017-2021, the Company estimates the average reduction of product prices on existing programs to have been in the range of around 2-4% annually.

A key strategy to meet these price reductions is to reduce labor costs, through continuously implementing productivity improvement programs, optimizing the Company's production footprint and instituting restructuring and capacity alignment activities as well as other actions to address the Company's cost structure.

The Company's productivity improvement target is to achieve at least 5% savings per year. To meet this target, Autoliv has developed a set of strategies to reduce costs in many manufacturing:

- Autoliv production system (APS) is based on lean manufacturing methodology which aims to continuously increase output with less resources. APS provides the target conditions and tools to achieve the delivery of goods and services at the right time, in the right amount, at the required quality and at the lowest cost possible to all the Company's customers.

- Autoliv One Product One Process (1P1P) strategy focuses on product and process standardization and reducing cost and complexity. The 1P1P strategy, combined with initiatives to reduce costs for components from external suppliers, ensures that the Company continuously optimize its supply base footprint, consolidate purchase volumes to fewer suppliers, improve productivity in the Company's supply chain, standardize components and redesign its products.

- Strategic Initiatives including Automation, Digitalization, Supply Chain Management Effectiveness and RD&E Effectiveness.

The Company's historic experience is that the continuous improvement strategies have enabled productivity improvement at or above its target of 5%. However, this was not the case in the past two years due to the COVID-19 pandemic related decline in LVP in 2020 and the high volatility in customer call-offs in 2021 driven by the industry wide supply chain instability, especially for semi-conductors.

The Company foresees opportunities for further productivity on gains from LVP recovery and increased call-off stability when supply of semi-conductors eventually improves, but also from increasing use of automation in its assembly for lean manufacturing processes. Additionally, automated cells typically perform the manufacturing process with reduced variability. This results in greater control and consistency of product quality.

## FOCUS ON QUALITY

The number of vehicle recalls in the automotive industry has risen sharply in recent years. Starting in 2015, Takata's airbag inflators recall generated a record number of recalls in the automotive industry. The Company expects overall recall numbers to remain high for years to come and, although the Company strives for the highest quality in its processes, it cannot be ruled out that the Company may also be adversely impacted by a future recall.

Quality has been and always will be the Company's number one priority, and the Company continues to sharpen its focus in this area. The Company now holds a global market share in passive safety of around 43%, while the Company has been involved in around 2% of recalls in the industry since 2010. This indicates that the Company is delivering on its quality strategy. For more information see product warranty and recalls in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.

## CHANGES IN COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

During the past seven years, Autoliv experienced significant changes in its competitive landscape. In 2015, TRW, a key competitor in passive safety, was acquired by German group ZF Friedrichshafen. Combined, the new company is the second largest passive safety supplier globally. In 2016, Key Safety Systems ("KSS") was acquired by Ningbo Joyson Electronic Corp. Beginning in 2014, Takata, Autoliv's largest competitor at the time, experienced severe issues and recalls related to malfunctioning airbag inflators, leading the company to file for bankruptcy protection in the U.S. and Japan. In 2018, Joyson substantially acquired all of Takata's global assets and operations and combined it with KSS, forming the new company JSS. Combined, the new company is the third largest passive safety supplier globally.



## CAPITAL STRUCTURE

The Company’s net debt stood at $1,052 million on December 31, 2021. This was a decrease of $163 million compared to December 31, 2020. Total interest-bearing debt at December 31, 2021 amounted to $2,008 million, a decrease of $403 million compared to December 31, 2020.

Cash flow from operations was $754 million in 2021 and $849 million in 2020. Capital expenditures, net amounted to $454 million in 2021 and $340 million in 2020. During 2021 and 2020 the Company paid dividends of $165 million and $54 million, respectively. In the second quarter of 2020, the Company suspended the dividends due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The dividends where reinstated in the second quarter of 2021.

It is the Company's policy to maintain a financial leverage commensurate with a "strong investment grade credit rating". The long-term target is to have a leverage ratio (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) of around 1.0x and to be within the range of 0.5x to 1.5x. At December 31, 2021, the current leverage ratio is 1.2x. The Company monitors its capital structure and the financial markets closely and intends to maintain a high level of financial flexibility while being shareholder friendly.

As part of the adjustment of the capital structure, the Company historically has repurchased shares of its common stock. During 2021 and 2020, the Company did not repurchase any shares. On December 31, 2021, the stock repurchase program authorized by the Board of Directors in 2014 expired with approximately 3 million shares remaining. In November 2021, the Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase program that authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $1.5 billion or up to 17 million shares (whichever comes first) between January 2022 and the end of 2024.

## OUTLOOK FOR 2022

The Company’s outlook indications for 2022 reflect continuing uncertainty in the automotive markets and are mainly based on the Company’s customer call-offs and global LVP outlook according to IHS Markit (January 2022), indicating a full year 2022 global LVP growth of around 9%.

<table><tr><td>Financial measure</td><td>Full year indication</td></tr><tr><td>LVP growth</td><td>Around 9%</td></tr><tr><td>Organic sales growth</td><td>Around 20%</td></tr><tr><td>FX</td><td>Around -3%</td></tr><tr><td>Adjusted operating margin \( ^{1)} \)</td><td>Around 9.5%</td></tr><tr><td>Tax rate  \( {}^{2)} \)</td><td>Around 30%</td></tr><tr><td>Operating cash flow \( ^{3)} $</td><td>Around 950 million</td></tr><tr><td>Capital expenditures, net % of sales</td><td>Around 5.5%</td></tr></table>

The forward-looking non-U.S. GAAP financial measures above are provided on a non-U.S. GAAP basis. Autoliv has not provided a U.S. GAAP reconciliation of these measures because items that impact these measures such as costs related to capacity, alignments and antitrust matters, cannot be reasonably predicted or determined. As a result, such reconciliation is not available without unreasonable efforts and Autoliv is unable to determine the probable significance of the unavailable information.

## SIGNIFICANT LEGAL MATTERS

See Item 3. Legal Proceedings and Note 17 Contingent Liabilities to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.

## RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Consolidated net sales in 2021 increased by 10.5 % compared to 2020. Excluding positive currency translation effects of 2.6 %, the organic sales increased (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) by 7.9 %.

## Sales by Product

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2">2021</td><td rowspan="2">2020</td><td rowspan="2">Reported change</td><td colspan="2">Components of Change in Net Sales</td></tr><tr><td>Currency effects \( ^{1)} \)</td><td>Organic</td></tr><tr><td>Airbags products and Other \( ^{2)} \)</td><td>5,380</td><td>4,824</td><td>11.5%</td><td>2.2%</td><td>9.3%</td></tr><tr><td>Seatbelt products \( ^{2)} \)</td><td>2,850</td><td>2,623</td><td>8.6%</td><td>3.4%</td><td>5.2%</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>8,230</td><td>7,447</td><td>10.5%</td><td>2.6%</td><td>7.9%</td></tr></table>

1) Effects from currency translations.

2) Including Corporate and Other sales.

Sales of all airbag product categories except inflators increased organically (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table above) in the full year 2021. The largest contributor to growth was steering wheels and inflatable curtains, followed by passenger airbags, driver airbags and knee airbags.

Seatbelt products showed strong organic sales growth (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table above) with largest contributing markets being China, South America and India, partly offset by declines in South Korea and Japan.

## Sales by Region

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2">2021</td><td rowspan="2">2020</td><td rowspan="2">Reported change</td><td colspan="2">Components of Change in Net Sales</td></tr><tr><td>Currency effects \( ^{1)} \)</td><td>Organic</td></tr><tr><td>Asia</td><td>3,407</td><td>3,043</td><td>12.0%</td><td>3.2%</td><td>8.7%</td></tr><tr><td>Whereof: China</td><td>1,766</td><td>1,541</td><td>14.6%</td><td>7.1%</td><td>7.5%</td></tr><tr><td>Japan</td><td>733</td><td>733</td><td>(0.0)%</td><td>(2.7)%</td><td>2.7%</td></tr><tr><td>Rest of Asia</td><td>908</td><td>769</td><td>18.0%</td><td>1.0%</td><td>17.0%</td></tr><tr><td>Americas</td><td>2,535</td><td>2,337</td><td>8.5%</td><td>1.1%</td><td>7.3%</td></tr><tr><td>Europe</td><td>2,289</td><td>2,067</td><td>10.7%</td><td>3.5%</td><td>7.2%</td></tr><tr><td>Global</td><td>8,230</td><td>7,447</td><td>10.5%</td><td>2.6%</td><td>7.9%</td></tr></table>

1) Effects from currency translations.

For 2021, Autoliv's sales increased organically (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table above) by 7.9 % compared to 2020, which was 5.2 percentage points better than LVP (according to IHS Markit, January 2022). Sales increased organically in all regions. The largest organic sales increase drivers were Americas and Europe, followed by Rest of Asia, China and Japan. The Company's organic sales development outperformed LVP in all regions - by 12 percentage points in Europe, by 7 percentage points in Japan, by 5 percentage points in Americas, by 3 percentage points in China and by 2 percentage points in Rest of Asia.

<table><tr><td>2021 Organic growth \( ^{1)} \)</td><td>Americas</td><td>Europe</td><td>China</td><td>Japan</td><td>Rest of Asia</td><td>Global</td></tr><tr><td>Autoliv</td><td>7.3%</td><td>7.2%</td><td>7.5%</td><td>2.7%</td><td>17.0%</td><td>7.9%</td></tr><tr><td>Main growth drivers</td><td>Toyota, Stellantis, Ford</td><td>Daimler, VW, BMW</td><td>Geely, GM, Wuling</td><td>Mitsubishi, Toyota, Nissan</td><td>Mitsubishi, Toyota, Tata</td><td>Toyota, Stellantis, Mitsubishi</td></tr><tr><td>Main decline drivers</td><td>Honda, Subaru, Mazda</td><td>Renault, Ford, Nissan</td><td>VW, Hyundai/Kia, Great Wall</td><td>Honda, Mazda</td><td>Hyundai/Kia, SsangYong</td><td>Honda, Great Wall, BYD</td></tr></table>



## Condensed Statement of Income

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(Dollars in millions, except per share data)</td><td colspan="3">Years ended December 31</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>Change</td></tr><tr><td>Net Sales</td><td>$ 8,230</td><td>$ 7,447</td><td>10.5%</td></tr><tr><td>Gross profit</td><td>1,511</td><td>1,247</td><td>21.2%</td></tr><tr><td>% of sales</td><td>18.4%</td><td>16.7%</td><td>1.6pp</td></tr><tr><td>S,G&amp;A</td><td>(432)</td><td>(389)</td><td>11.1%</td></tr><tr><td>% of sales</td><td>(5.3)%</td><td>(5.2)%</td><td>(0.0)pp</td></tr><tr><td>R,D&amp;E net</td><td>(391)</td><td>(376)</td><td>4.0%</td></tr><tr><td>% of sales</td><td>(4.7)%</td><td>(5.0)%</td><td>0.3pp</td></tr><tr><td>Other income (expense), net</td><td>(3)</td><td>(90)</td><td>(96.3)%</td></tr><tr><td>Operating income</td><td>675</td><td>382</td><td>76.6%</td></tr><tr><td>% of sales</td><td>8.2%</td><td>5.1%</td><td>3.1pp</td></tr><tr><td>Adjusted operating income \( ^{3)} \)</td><td>683</td><td>482</td><td>41.8%</td></tr><tr><td>% of sales</td><td>8.3%</td><td>6.5%</td><td>1.8pp</td></tr><tr><td>Financial and non-operating items, net</td><td>(61)</td><td>(91)</td><td>(33.3)%</td></tr><tr><td>Income before taxes</td><td>614</td><td>291</td><td>111%</td></tr><tr><td>Tax rate</td><td>28.9%</td><td>35.3%</td><td>(6.4)pp</td></tr><tr><td>Net income</td><td>437</td><td>188</td><td>132%</td></tr><tr><td>Earnings per share, diluted \( ^{1, 2)} \)</td><td>4.96</td><td>2.14</td><td>132%</td></tr><tr><td>Adjusted earnings per share, diluted \( ^{1, 2), 3)} \)</td><td>5.02</td><td>3.15</td><td>59.4%</td></tr></table>

 \( ^{1)} \)  Assuming dilution and net of treasury shares.

 \( ^{2)} \)  Participating share awards with right to receive dividend equivalents are (under the two-class method) excluded from the EPS calculation.

 \( ^{3)} \)  Non-U.S. GAAP Measure.

## Gross Profit

In 2021, Gross profit increased by $264 million and the gross margin increased by 1.6 pp compared to 2020. The gross profit increase was primarily driven by higher sales from growing LVP and execution of the Company's strong order book.

## Operating Income

Operating income increased in 2021 by $293 million, mainly as a consequence of improvement of gross profit and other income (expense), net, partly offset by higher costs for S,G&A and R,D&E, net.

Selling, General and Administrative (S,G&A) expenses increased in 2021 by $43 million, or by 11.1%, mainly relating to higher personnel costs due to extensive furloughing the prior year, increased IT and project costs and adverse FX effects.

Research, Development & Engineering (R,D&E) expenses, net increased in 2021 by $15 million, or by 4.0%, mainly due to higher personnel costs due to extensive furloughing the prior year and adverse FX effects partly offset by higher engineering income. In relation to sales, R,D&E costs declined from 5.1% to 4.7%.

Other income (expense), net decreased by $87 million in 2021 compared to the previous year, mainly due to $90 million in lower capacity alignment costs, partly offset by adverse effects from FX effects and lower government income.

## Financial and Non-operating Items, net

Financial and non-operating items, net, costs increased by $30 million in 2021 compared to previous year, mainly due to lower interest expense, net, but also due to positive effects from currency translations and other financial items.

## Income Taxes

The tax rate for 2021 was 28.9 %, compared to 35.3 % in 2020, mainly due to an unfavorable country mix in 2020.

## Net Income and Earnings Per Share

Net income in 2021 increased by $249 million compared to 2020 primarily driven by the higher gross profit, lower capacity alignment costs and lower interest expense, net, as noted above.

Earnings per share, diluted, increased by $2.83 where the main drivers were $1.29 from higher adjusted operating income (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below), $0.95 from lower costs for capacity alignment and antitrust related matters, $0.40 from lower tax and $0.19 from financial items.

The weighted average number of shares outstanding assuming dilution in 2021 was 87.7 million compared to 87.5 million in 2020.

## NON-U.S. GAAP PERFORMANCE MEASURES

In this annual report the Company sometimes refers to non-U.S. GAAP measures that the Company and securities analysts use in measuring Autoliv's performance.

The Company believes that these measures assist management and investors in analyzing trends in the Company's business for the reasons given below. Investors should not consider these non-U.S. GAAP measures as substitutes for, but rather as additions to, financial reporting measures prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

These non-U.S. GAAP measures have been identified, as applicable, in each section of this annual report with tabular presentations provided below, reconciling them to U.S. GAAP.

It should be noted that these measures, as defined, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

## Organic Sales

The Company analyzes its sales trends and performance as changes in “organic sales growth” or “organic sales decline”, because the Company currently generates approximately three quarters of net sales in currencies other than the reporting currency (i.e. U.S. dollars) and currency rates have proven to be rather volatile. Organic sales present the increase or decrease in the overall U.S. dollar net sales on a comparable basis, allowing separate discussions of the impact of acquisitions/divestitures and exchange rates.

See tabular reconciliations above, that present changes in “organic sales growth” as reconciled to the change in total U.S. GAAP net sales.

## Trade working capital

Due to the need to optimize cash generation to create value for the Company's shareholders, management focuses on operationally derived trade working capital as defined in the table below.

The reconciling items used to derive this measure are, by contrast, managed as part of the Company's overall management of cash and debt, but they are not part of the responsibilities of day-to-day operations management.

## Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP measure to “Trade working capital” (dollars in millions)

<table><tr><td>DECEMBER 31</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>Receivables, net</td><td>$ 1,699</td><td>$ 1,822</td></tr><tr><td>Inventories, net</td><td>777</td><td>798</td></tr><tr><td>Accounts payable</td><td>(1,144)</td><td>(1,254)</td></tr><tr><td>Trade working capital</td><td>$ 1,332</td><td>$ 1,366</td></tr></table>

## Net debt

As part of efficiently managing the Company’s overall cost of funds, the Company routinely enter into “debt-related derivatives” (DRD) as part of its debt management.

Creditors and credit rating agencies use net debt adjusted for DRD in their analyses of the Company's debt and therefore the Company provides this non-U.S. GAAP measure. See reconciliation table below. DRD are fair value adjustments to the carrying value of the underlying debt. Also included in the DRD is the unamortized fair value adjustment related to discontinued fair value hedges, which will be amortized over the remaining life of the debt. By adjusting for DRD, the total financial liability of net debt is disclosed without grossing debt up with currency or interest fair value.

## Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP measure to “Net debt” (dollars in millions)

<table><tr><td>DECEMBER 31</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>Short-term debt</td><td>$ 346</td><td>$ 302</td></tr><tr><td>Long-term debt</td><td>1,662</td><td>2,110</td></tr><tr><td>Total debt</td><td>2,008</td><td>2,411</td></tr><tr><td>Cash and cash equivalents</td><td>(969)</td><td>(1,178)</td></tr><tr><td>Debt issuance cost/Debt-related derivatives, net</td><td>13</td><td>(19)</td></tr><tr><td>Net debt</td><td>$ 1,052</td><td>$ 1,214</td></tr></table>



## Adjusted operating income, adjusted operating margin and adjusted EPS

Adjusted operating margin and adjusted EPS are non-U.S. GAAP measures the Company uses to evaluate its business, because the Company believes it assists investors and analysts in comparing the Company's performance across reporting periods on a consistent basis by excluding items that are non-operational or non-recurring in nature (such as costs related to capacity alignments, costs related to antitrust matters and for EPS unusual tax items) and that the Company does not believe are indicative of its core operating performance and underlying business trends. Adjusted operating margin and adjusted EPS, as shown in the table below, should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for, other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP, including operating margin and EPS.

## Items affecting comparability

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT EPS)</td><td colspan="3">2021</td><td colspan="3">2020</td></tr><tr><td>Reported</td><td>Adjustments \( ^{1} \)</td><td>Non-U.S. GAAP</td><td>Reported</td><td>Adjustments \( ^{1} \)</td><td>Non-U.S. GAAPP</td></tr><tr><td>Operating income</td><td>$ 675</td><td>$ 8</td><td>$ 683</td><td>$ 382</td><td>$ 99</td><td>$ 482</td></tr><tr><td>Operating margin, %</td><td>8.2</td><td>0.1</td><td>8.3</td><td>5.1</td><td>1.4</td><td>6.5</td></tr><tr><td>Income before income taxes</td><td>614</td><td>8</td><td>622</td><td>291</td><td>99</td><td>391</td></tr><tr><td>Net income attributable to controlling interest</td><td>435</td><td>5</td><td>440</td><td>187</td><td>88</td><td>275</td></tr><tr><td>Capital employed</td><td>3,700</td><td>5</td><td>3,705</td><td>3,637</td><td>88</td><td>3,725</td></tr><tr><td>Return on capital employed, %  \( {}^{2} \)</td><td>18.3</td><td>0.2</td><td>18.5</td><td>10.4</td><td>2.5</td><td>12.9</td></tr><tr><td>Return on total equity, %  \( {}^{3} \)</td><td>17.1</td><td>0.2</td><td>17.3</td><td>8.8</td><td>3.9</td><td>12.7</td></tr><tr><td>Earnings per share, diluted  \( {}^{4,5} \)</td><td>$ 4.96</td><td>$ 0.06</td><td>$ 5.02</td><td>$ 2.14</td><td>$ 1.01</td><td>$ 3.15</td></tr><tr><td>Total parent shareholders&#x27; equity per share</td><td>$ 30.10</td><td>$ 0.06</td><td>$ 30.15</td><td>$ 27.56</td><td>$ 1.01</td><td>$ 28.57</td></tr></table>

1) Represents costs for capacity alignments and antitrust related matters. See table below for a disaggregated EPS calculation.

2) Operating income and income from equity method investments, relative to average capital employed.

3) Net Income relative to average total equity for the year.

4) Assuming dilution and net of treasury shares.

5) Participating share awards with right to receive dividend equivalents are (under the two-class method) excluded from the EPS calculation.

## Items included in Non-U.S. GAAP adjustments

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="3">2021</td><td colspan="3">2020</td></tr><tr><td>Adjustment Millions</td><td>Adjustment Per share</td><td>Adjustment Millions</td><td>Adjustment Per share</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Capacity alignment</td><td>$ 8</td><td>$ 0.10</td><td>$ 99</td><td>$ 1.13</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Antitrust related matters</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>1</td><td>0.01</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total adjustments to Operating income</td><td>8</td><td>0.10</td><td>99</td><td>1.14</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tax on Non-U.S. GAAP adjustments \( ^{1} \)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(0.04)</td><td>(11)</td><td>(0.13)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total adjustments to Net Income</td><td>$ 5</td><td>$ 0.06</td><td>$ 88</td><td>$ 1.01</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

Weighted average number of shares outstanding - diluted \( ^{2} \) 

Adjustment Return on capital employed

Adjustment Return on capital employed, %

Adjustment Return on total equity

Adjustment Return on total equity, %

1) The tax is calculated based on the tax laws in the respective jurisdiction(s) of the adjustment(s).

2) Annualized average number of outstanding shares.

## LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES AND FINANCIAL POSITION

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)</td><td colspan="3">Years ended December 31</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net cash provided by operating activities</td><td>$ 754</td><td>$ 849</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net cash used in investing activities</td><td>(454)</td><td>(340)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities</td><td>(469)</td><td>160</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents</td><td>(39)</td><td>64</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents</td><td>(209)</td><td>733</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year</td><td>1,178</td><td>445</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cash and cash equivalents at end of year</td><td>$ 970</td><td>$ 1,178</td><td></td></tr></table>

## NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Cash flow from operations, together with available financial resources and credit facilities, are expected to be sufficient to fund the Company's anticipated working capital requirements, capital expenditures and future dividend payments.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $754 million in 2021 compared to $849 million in 2020. The decrease of $95 million was primarily due to negative effects from changes in operating working capital partly offset by positive effects from the higher net income.

At December 31, 2021, trade working capital (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures above) amounted to $1,332 million corresponding to 16% of net sales compared to $1,366 million and 14% at December 31, 2020.

Receivables outstanding in relation to sales (see Glossary and Definitions for definition) were 20% December 31, 2021, compared to 18% in 2020. Factoring agreements did not have any material impact on receivables outstanding for 2021 or 2020.

Inventory in relation to sales (see Glossary and Definitions for definition) were 9% at December 31, 2021, compared to 8% in 2020.

Payables outstanding in relation to sales (see Glossary and Definitions for definition) were 14% at December 31, 2021 compared to 13% in 2020.

## NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES

In 2021 and 2020 net cash used in investing activities amounted to $454 million and $340 million, respectively. The Company's investing activities primarily consists of investments in property, plant and equipment, net of cash. Net cash generated by operating activities continued to sufficiently cover capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment.

Capital expenditures, net was $454 million in 2021 and $340 million in 2020. The increase of $114 million mainly reflects that the level in the prior year was still low due to the pandemic. In relation to net sales, capital expenditures, net was 5.5% in 2021 and 4.6% in 2020.

Depreciation and amortization totaled $394 million in 2021 compared to $371 million in 2020.

During the years 2021 and 2020, a majority of the Company's investments were for production capacity to support new product launches and automation projects for improved efficiency. Major investments were mainly made in China, Europe and North America.

In 2021, investments in China were made to support revenue growth and to expand capacity and capabilities of textile production. In Europe investments were mainly related to new product launches and automatizations. In North America, the investments were mainly related to capacity expansions.

## NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities amounted to $(469) million and $160 million for the years 2021 and 2020, respectively.

In 2021, the Company paid dividends of $165 million after reinstated the dividends in the second quarter of 2021. In 2020, the Company paid dividends of $54 million in the first quarter and then suspended the dividends due to the COVID-19 pandemic for the remaining quarters.

## INCOME TAXES

The Company has reserves for taxes that may become payable in future periods as a result of tax audits. At any given time, the Company is undergoing tax audits covering multiple years in several tax jurisdictions. Ultimate outcomes are uncertain but could, in future periods, have a significant impact on the Company's cash flows. See discussions of income taxes under Significant Accounting Policies in this section, Note 2 and Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.



## PENSION ARRANGEMENTS

The Company has defined benefit pension plans covering nearly half of the U.S. employees. As of December 31, 2021, the main U.S. defined benefit plan was frozen for further benefits. Many of the Company's non-U.S. employees are also covered by pension arrangements.

At December 31, 2021, the Company's net pension liability (i.e. the actual funded status) for its U.S. and non-U.S. plans was $197 million compared to $248 million at December 31, 2020. The plans had a net unamortized actuarial loss before tax of $68 million recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income in the Consolidated Statement of Equity at December 31, 2021, compared to $107 million at December 31, 2020. The decrease in the actuarial loss was mainly due to a decrease in the discount rate for the U.S. plans. The amortization of this loss is expected to be $1 million in 2022.

The decrease in the total net pension liability in 2021 of $51 million was mainly due to the increase in discount rates.

Pension expense associated with the defined benefit plans was $24 million in 2021 and $33 million in 2020, and is expected to be $4 million in 2022. The $9 million decrease in 2021 pension expense was mainly due to lower discount rates, a decrease in the cost of plan settlements in the U.S. and a higher expected return on assets due to the growth in the size of the assets.

The Company contributed $25 million to its defined benefit plans in 2021 and $26 million in 2020. The Company expects to contribute $22 million to these plans in 2022 and is currently projecting a yearly funding at approximately the same level in the subsequent years.

For further information about retirement plans see Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

## SHAREHOLDER RETURNS

Total cash dividends paid were $165 million in 2021 and $54 million in 2020. The Company cancelled its dividends from the second quarter 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the second quarter of 2021 the Board of Directors reinstated quarterly dividends.

## EQUITY

During 2021, total equity increased by $225 million to $2,648 million. The change was mainly due to $437 million from net income, partially offset by dividends of $166 million and $86 million from negative foreign exchange effects.

## TREASURY ACTIVITIES

## DEBT AND CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS

The Company's total debt as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $2,008 million and $2,411 million, respectively. The Company had a net debt position (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures) at December 31, 2021 and 2020 of $1,052 million and $1,214 million, respectively.

In June 2020, the Company utilized its new SEK 6,000 million facility with Swedish Export Credit Corporation which was signed in May 2020. The SEK 6,000 million facility was utilized in two different loans. One SEK 3,000 million loan maturing in 2022 carrying a floating interest rate of 3M STIBOR +1.35% and one SEK 3,000 million loan maturing in 2025 carrying a floating interest rate of 3M STIBOR +1.85%.

In June 2018, the Company priced and issued 5-year notes for a total of €500 million in the Eurobond market. The notes carry a coupon of 0.75% and matures in 2023.

In July 2016, the Company refinanced its existing revolving credit facility (RCF) of $1,100 million. The facility, syndicated among 14 banks, originally maturing in July 2021 with two extension options, each for an additional year. The extension options have been used by the Company and the maturity date for the facility has been extended to July 2023. The Company pays a commitment fee on the undrawn amount of 0.1%, representing 35% of the applicable margin, which is 0.375% (given the Company's rating of "BBB" from S&P Global Ratings at May 28, 2020). Borrowings under the facility are unsecured and bear interest based on the relevant LIBOR or IBBOR rate. At December 31, 2021, the RCF of $1,100 million was unutilized. This facility is not subject to any financial covenants nor is any other substantial financing of Autoliv.

In 2014, the Company issued and sold long-term debt securities in a U.S. Private Placement pursuant to a Note Purchase and Guaranty Agreement dated April 23, 2014, by and among Autoliv ASP Inc., the Company and the purchasers listed therein. As of December 31, 2021, $767 million remains outstanding from the 2014 issuance.

The Company has a €3,000 million Euro Medium Term Note Program in place for being able to issue notes to be traded on the Global Exchange Market of Euronext Dublin. On December 31, 2021, no notes had been issued under this program.

At December 31, 2021, Autoliv's long-term credit rating from S&P Global Ratings was BBB with stable outlook. The Company aims to maintain a strong investment grade credit rating.

For additional information about the Company's debt and credit arrangements, see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

## FACTORING

During 2021 and 2020, the Company sold receivables and discounted notes related to selected customers. These factoring arrangements increase cash while reducing accounts receivable and customer risks. At December 31, 2021, the Company had received $159 million for sold receivables without recourse and discounted notes with a discount cost of $2 million during the year, compared to $161 million at December 31, 2020 with a discount cost of $3 million recorded in Other non-operating items, net.

## NUMBER OF SHARES

At December 31, 2021, 87.5 million shares were outstanding (net of 15.3 million treasury shares), a 0.1% increase from 87.4 million one year earlier.

The number of shares outstanding is expected to increase by 0.4 million when all Restricted Stock Units (RSU) and Performance Shares (PS) vest and if all stock options (SOs) to key employees are exercised, see Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

In total, Autoliv has repurchased 44.5 million shares under its stock repurchase program between May 2000 and December 2021 for cash of $2,498 million, including commissions. The average cost per share for all repurchased shares to date is $56.13. No stock repurchases were made in 2021. Purchases can be made from time to time as market and business conditions warrant in open market, negotiated or block transactions. On December 31, 2021, the stock repurchase program authorized by the Board of Directors in 2014 expired with approximately 3 million shares remaining. In November 2021, the Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase program that authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $1.5 billion or up to 17 million shares (whichever comes first) between January 2022 and the end of 2024.

## Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Contractual obligations include debt, sponsored defined benefit plans, lease and purchase obligations that are enforceable and legally binding on the Company.

For material contractual debt obligations as of December 31, 2021, see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

Operating lease obligations represent the payment obligations (undiscounted cash flows) under leases classified as operating leases. Capital lease obligations are not material. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

There are no unconditional purchase obligations other than short-term obligations related to inventory, services, tooling, and property, plant and equipment purchased in the ordinary course of business. Purchase agreements with suppliers entered into in the ordinary course of business do not generally include fixed quantities. Quantities and delivery dates are established in "call off plans" accessible electronically for all customers and suppliers involved. Communicated "call off plans" for production material from suppliers are normally reflected in equivalent commitments from Autoliv customers.

The Company sponsors defined benefit plans that cover a significant portion of the Company's U.S. employees and certain non-U.S. employees. The pension plans in the U.S. are funded in conformity with the minimum funding requirements of the Pension Protection Act of 2006. Funding for the Company's pension plans in other countries is based upon plan provisions, actuarial recommendations and/or statutory requirements. Due to volatility associated with future changes in interest rates and plan asset returns, the Company cannot predict with reasonable reliability the timing and amounts of future funding requirements. The Company may elect to make contributions in excess of the minimum funding requirements for the U.S. plans in response to investment performance and changes in interest rates, or when the Company believes that it is financially advantageous to do so and based on other capital requirements. See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

## Risks and Risk Management

The Company is exposed to several categories of risks. They can broadly be categorized as operational risks, strategic risks and financial risks. Some of the major risks in each category are described below. There are also other risks that could have a material effect on the Company's results and financial position, and the description below is not complete but should be read in conjunction with the discussion of risks described in Item 1A above, which contains a description of the Company's material risks.

As described below, the Company has taken several mitigating actions, applied numerous strategies, adopted policies, and introduced control and reporting systems to reduce and mitigate these risks. In addition, the Company from time to time identifies and evaluates emerging or changing risks to the Company in order to ensure that identified risks and related risk management are updated in this fast-moving environment.



## Operational Risks

## LIGHT VEHICLE PRODUCTION

Around 30% of Autoliv’s costs are fixed; therefore, short-term earnings are dependent on sales volumes and highly dependent on capacity utilization in the Company’s plants.

Global LVP is an indicator of the Company’s sales development. Ultimately, however, sales are determined by the production levels for the individual vehicle models for which Autoliv is a supplier (see Dependence on Customers). The Company’s sales are split over several hundred contracts covering more than 1,100 vehicle models. This moderates the effect of changes in vehicle demand of individual countries and regions as well as production issues. The risk of fluctuating sales has also been mitigated by Autoliv’s rapid expansion in Asia and other growth markets, which has reduced the Company’s former high dependence on sales in Europe to a diversified mix with Europe, the Americas and Asia each accounting for roughly 30% to 40% of the Company’s 2021 total sales.

It is the Company’s strategy to reduce the risk of fluctuating LVP by using a high number of temporary personnel instead of permanent personnel in direct production. During 2021 and 2020, the level of temporary personnel in relation to total personnel in direct production was 9% and 13%, respectively. To reduce the potential impact of unusual fluctuations in the production of vehicle models supplied by the Company such as during the financial crisis in 2008-2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021 – it is also necessary for the Company to be prepared to quickly adapt the level of permanent employees as well as fixed cost production capacity.

## PRICING PRESSURE

Pricing pressure from customers is an inherent part of the automotive components business. The extent of price reductions varies from year to year and takes the form of one time give backs, reductions in direct sales prices and/or discounted reimbursements for engineering work.

In response, Autoliv is continuously engaged in efforts to reduce costs and to provide customers added value by developing new products. Generally, the speed by which these cost-reduction programs generate results will, to a large extent, determine the future profitability of the Company. The various cost-reduction programs are, to a considerable extent, interrelated. This interrelationship makes it difficult to isolate the impact of costs on any single program, therefore, the Company monitors key measures such as costs in relation to sales and productivity.

## COMPONENT COSTS AND RAW MATERIAL PRICES

The cost of direct materials was approximately 50% of sales in 2021, of which approximately half is the raw material cost portion.

The main raw materials being used as input material for Autoliv operations are steel, textiles, plastic and non-ferrous metals. The Company saw a significant inflation in 2021 with respect to rising raw material costs due to very high market prices. Semiconductor shortages hampered the global auto production and caused disturbances in the second half of 2021. There are also supply chain difficulties related to freight capacity and import tariffs imposed by the United States and other countries. The low schedule reliability in freight and the import tariffs are impacting the raw material market and creating pricing and availability uncertainties.

The Company takes several actions to mitigate raw material price increases, such as competitive sourcing and exploring alternative materials.

## LEGAL

The Company is involved from time to time in regulatory, commercial and contractual legal proceedings that may be significant, and the Company’s business may suffer as a result of adverse outcomes of current or future legal proceedings. These claims may include, without limitation, commercial or contractual disputes, including disputes with the Company’s suppliers and customers, intellectual property matters, alleged violations of laws, rules or regulations, governmental investigations, personal injury claims, product liability claims, environmental issues, tax and customs matters, and employment matters.

A substantial legal liability or adverse regulatory outcome and the substantial cost to defend the litigation or regulatory proceedings may have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, operating results, financial condition, cash flows and reputation.

No assurances can be given that such proceedings and claims will not have a material adverse impact on the Company’s profitability and consolidated financial position, or that reserves or insurance will mitigate such impact. See Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein and Item 3 – Legal Proceedings.

## PRODUCT WARRANTY AND RECALLS

If our products are alleged to fail to perform as expected or are defective, the Company may be exposed to various claims for damages and compensation. Such claims may result in costs and other losses to the Company even where the relevant product is eventually found to have functioned properly. If a product (actually or allegedly) fails to perform as expected or is defective, we may face warranty and recall claims. If such actual or alleged failure or defect results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury and/or property damage, we may also face product liability and other claims. The Company may experience material warranty, recall, product or other liability claims or losses in the future, and the Company may incur significant cost to defend against such claims. The Company may be required to participate in a recall involving its products. Each vehicle manufacturer has its own practices regarding product recalls and other product liability actions relating to its suppliers. Government safety regulators also have policies and practices with respect to recalls. As suppliers become more integrally involved in the vehicle design process and assume more of the vehicle assembly functions, vehicle manufacturers are increasingly looking to their suppliers for contribution when faced with recalls and product liability claims. In addition, with global platforms and procedures, vehicle manufacturers are increasingly evaluating our quality performance on a global basis. Any one or more quality, warranty or other recall issue(s), including the ones affecting few units and/or having a small financial impact, may cause a vehicle manufacturer to implement measures which may have a severe impact on the Company’s operations, such as a temporary or prolonged suspension of new orders or the Company’s ability to bid for new business.

In addition, over time, there is a risk that the number of vehicles affected by a failure or defect will increase significantly (as would the Company’s costs), since our products often use global designs and are increasingly based on or utilize the same or similar parts, components or solutions.

Although quality has always been a central focus in the automotive industry, especially for safety products, our customers and regulators have become increasingly attentive to quality with even less tolerance for any deviations, which has resulted in an increase in the number of automotive recalls. This trend is likely to continue as automobile manufacturers introduce ever stricter quality requirements and regulating agencies and other authorities increase the level of scrutiny given to vehicle safety issues. A warranty recall or a product liability claim brought against the Company in excess of the Company’s insurance may have a material adverse effect on its business and/or financial results. Vehicle manufacturers are also increasingly requiring their external suppliers to guarantee or warrant their products and bear the costs of repair and replacement if such products under new vehicle warranties. A vehicle manufacturer may attempt to hold the Company responsible for some or all of the repair or replacement costs of defective products under new vehicle warranties when the product supplied did not perform as represented. Additionally, a customer may not allow us to bid for expiring or new business until certain remedial steps have been taken. Accordingly, the future costs of warranty claims by the Company’s customers may be material.

The Company’s warranty reserves are based upon management’s best estimates of amounts necessary to settle future and existing claims. Management regularly evaluates the appropriateness of these reserves and adjusts them when we believe it is appropriate to do so. However, the final amounts determined to be due could differ materially from the Company’s recorded estimates. We believe our established reserves are adequate to cover potential warranty settlements typically seen in our business.

The Company’s strategy is to follow a stringent procedure when developing new products and technologies and to apply a proactive “zero-defect” quality policy (see section Quality Management). In addition, the Company maintains a program of insurance, which may include commercial insurance, self-insurance, or a combination of both approaches, for potential recall and product liability claims in amounts and on terms that it believes are reasonable and prudent based on our prior claims experience. However, such insurance may not be sufficient to cover every possible claim that can arise in the Company’s businesses, now or in the future, or may not always will be available should the Company, now or in the future, wish to extend, renew, increase or otherwise adjust such insurance. In recent years, the cost of recall and product liability insurance as well as the Company’s level of self-insurance and deductibles has increased. Management’s decision regarding what insurance to procure is also impacted by the cost for such insurance. As a result, the Company may face material losses in excess of the insurance coverage procured. A substantial recall or liability in excess of coverage levels could therefore have a material adverse effect on the Company.

## ENVIRONMENTAL

Most of the Company’s manufacturing processes consist of the assembly of components. As a result, the environmental impact from the Company’s plants is generally modest. While the Company’s businesses from time to time are subject to environmental investigations, there are no material environmental-related cases pending against the Company. Therefore, Autoliv does not incur (or expect to incur) any material costs or capital expenditures associated with maintaining facilities compliant with U.S. or non-U.S. environmental requirements. To reduce environmental risk, the Company has implemented an environmental management system in all plants globally and adopted an environmental policy (see corporate website www.autoliv.com).

Autoliv is subject to a number of environmental and occupational health and safety laws and regulations. Such requirements are complex and are generally becoming more stringent over time. There can be no assurance that these requirements will not change in the future, or that the Company will at all times be in compliance with all such requirements and regulations, despite its intention to be. The Company may also find itself subject, possibly due to changes in legislation or other regulation, to environmental liabilities based on the activities of its predecessor entities or of businesses acquired. Such liability could be based on activities which are not related to the Company’s current activities.

## TRADE

Autoliv is subject to various international trade regulations and regimes and changes in these regimes could lead to increased compliance costs and costs of raw materials and other components. In addition, political conditions leading to trade conflicts and the imposition of tariffs or other trade barriers between countries in which the Company does business could increase its costs of doing business.



## Strategic Risks

## REGULATIONS

In addition to vehicle production, the Company's market is driven by the safety content per vehicle, which is affected by new regulations and new vehicle rating programs, in addition to consumer demand for new safety technologies.

The most important regulations are the seatbelt installation laws that exist in all vehicle-producing countries. Many countries also have strict enforcement laws on the wearing of seatbelts. Another significant vehicle safety regulation is the U.S. federal law that, since 1997, requires frontal airbags for both the driver and the front-seat passenger in all new vehicles sold in the U.S.

In 2007, the U.S. adopted new regulations for head impact and enhanced thorax protection in side impact crashes, which now have been fully phased-in. China introduced a vehicle rating program in 2006 and during the past 15 years, China NCAP, together with the national and local government, has developed a vehicle safety performance and safety content with regards to crashworthiness and occupant protection. Latin America introduced a basic rating program in 2010 followed by ASEAN NCAP in Southeast Asia in 2011, and Global NCAP that is rating vehicles sold in significant emerging markets like India. Several countries, e.g., Malaysia and Thailand, are increasingly adopting the UN Regulations regarding vehicle safety under the UN 1958 agreement, and Malaysia started a world first motorcycle safety rating program in 2021.

The United States upgraded its vehicle rating program in 2010 and Europe upgraded the Euro NCAP rating system during 2018. Euro NCAP is midway of a new upgrade, which will be fully implemented by 2025. Japan and South Korea are continuously upgrading their respective vehicle rating programs, JN CAP and KN CAP respectively. India requires frontal airbags for the driver from July 2019, and passenger airbags from 2021 for all new passenger vehicles (M1). Vehicles with automated driving systems (ADS) are expected to provide additional opportunities through integration of protective safety systems with ADAS technologies, as well as new electric motor layouts and seating configurations.

There are also other plans for improved automotive safety, both in these countries and others that could affect the Company's market. However, there can be no assurance that changes in regulations will not adversely affect the demand for the Company's products or, at least, result in a slower increase in the demand for them.

## DEPENDENCE ON CUSTOMERS

As a result of this highly consolidated market, the Company is dependent on a relatively small number of customers with strong purchasing power. In 2021, the five largest vehicle manufacturers accounted for around 50% of global LVP and the ten largest manufacturers for around 73%. In 2021, the Company's five largest customers accounted for around 51% of revenues and the ten largest customers for around 80% of total sales. The Company's largest customer contract accounted for around 2% of sales in 2021.

<table><tr><td>Customer</td><td>% of Autoliv sales</td><td>% of Global LVP \( ^{1} \)</td></tr><tr><td>Renault/Nissan/Mitsubishi</td><td>13%</td><td>9%</td></tr><tr><td>Stellantis</td><td>11%</td><td>8%</td></tr><tr><td>VW</td><td>10%</td><td>11%</td></tr><tr><td>Toyota</td><td>9%</td><td>13%</td></tr><tr><td>Honda</td><td>8%</td><td>6%</td></tr><tr><td>Hyundai</td><td>8%</td><td>9%</td></tr><tr><td>Ford</td><td>7%</td><td>4%</td></tr><tr><td>General Motors</td><td>6%</td><td>5%</td></tr><tr><td>BMW</td><td>4%</td><td>3%</td></tr><tr><td>Mercedes-Benz</td><td>4%</td><td>3%</td></tr><tr><td>1) Source: IHS Markit</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

Although business with every major customer is split into at least several contracts (usually one contract per vehicle platform) and although the customer base has become more balanced and diversified as a result of the Company's significant expansion in China and other rapidly-growing markets, the loss of all business from a major customer (whether by a cancellation of existing contracts or not awarding Autoliv new business), the consolidation of one or more major customers or a bankruptcy of a major customer could have a material adverse effect on the Company. In addition, a quality issue, shortcomings in the Company's service to a customer or uncompetitive prices or products could result in the customer not awarding the Company new business, which will gradually have a negative impact on the Company's sales when current contracts start to expire.

See also Note 20 Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

## CUSTOMER PAYMENT RISK

Another risk related to the Company's customers is the risk that one or more of its customers will be unable to pay their invoices that become due. The Company seeks to limit this customer payment risk by invoicing its major customers through their local subsidiaries in each country, even for global contracts. By invoicing this way, the Company attempts to avoid having the receivables with a multinational customer group exposed to the risk that a bankruptcy or similar event in one country would put all receivables with such customer group at risk. In each country, the Company also monitors invoices becoming overdue.

Even so, if a major customer is unable to fulfill its payment obligations, it is likely that the Company would be forced to record a substantial loss on such receivables.

## DEPENDENCE ON SUPPLIERS

The Company relies on internal and/or external suppliers in order to meet its delivery commitments to the customers. In some cases, suppliers are dictated by the customers based on very specific qualification requirements. Autoliv supply chain organization is reviewing sourcing risks and actively working on mitigating related supply chain risks.

The Company’s ambition is to maintain an optimal number of suppliers in all significant component technologies.

## NEW COMPETITION

Increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced margins and the Company's inability to gain or hold market share. OEMs vigorously explore suppliers on the basis of product quality, price, reliability and delivery as well as engineering capabilities, technical expertise, product innovation, financial viability, application of lean principles, operational flexibility, customer service and overall management. To maintain the Company's competitiveness and position as a market leader, it is important to focus on all of these aspects of supplier evaluation and selection.

Although the market for occupant restraint systems has undergone a significant consolidation during the past ten years, the passive safety market remains very competitive. It cannot be excluded that additional competitors, both global and local, will seek to enter the market or have similar current experience. It could be uncertain whether Eurostricken Group or traditional customer base. Particularly in China, South Korea and Japan there are numerous small domestic competitors often supplying just one OEM group

## PATENTS AND PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY

The Company’s strategy is to protect its innovations with patents, and to vigorously protect and defend its patents, trademarks and know-how against infringement and unauthorized use. At the end of 2021, the Company held more than 6,400 patents and patents applications. These patents expire on various dates during the period from 2022 to 2041. The expiration of any single patent is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial results.

Although the Company believes that its products and technology do not infringe upon the proprietary rights of others, there can be no assurance that third parties will not assert infringement claims against the Company in the future. Also, there can be no assurance that any patent now owned by the Company will afford protection against competitors that develop similar technology. As the Company continues to expand its products and expand into new businesses, it will increase its exposure to intellectual property claims.

## Financial Risks

The Company is exposed to financial risks through its operations. To reduce the financial risks and to take advantage of economies of scale, the Company has a central treasury department supporting operations and management. The treasury department handles external financial transactions and functions as the Company's in-house bank for its subsidiaries.

The Board of Directors monitors compliance with the financial risk policy on an ongoing basis. For information about specific financial risks, see Item 7A – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

## Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

## NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

The Company has considered all applicable recently issued accounting standards. The Company has summarized in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements each of the recently issued accounting standards and stated the impact or whether management is continuing to assess the impact.

## APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company's significant accounting policies are disclosed in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. Senior management has discussed the development and selection of critical accounting estimates and disclosures with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. The application of accounting policies necessarily requires judgments and the use of estimates by a Company's management. Actual results could differ from these estimates. By their nature, these judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. These judgments are based on the Company's historical experience, terms of existing contracts, and management's evaluation of trends in the industry, information provided by the Company's customers and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. The Company considers an accounting estimate to be critical if:

• It requires management to make assumptions about matters that were uncertain at the time of the estimate, and

- Changes in the estimate or different estimates that could have been selected would have had a material impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operations. The accounting estimates that require management's most significant judgments include the estimation of variable considerations, estimations associated with purchase price allocations regarding business combinations, assessment of recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets, estimation of pension benefit obligations based on actuarial assumptions, estimation of accruals for warranty and recalls, restructuring charges, uncertain tax positions, valuation allowances and legal proceedings.

The Company has summarized its critical accounting policies requiring judgment below. These might change over time based on the current facts and circumstances.



## REVENUE RECOGNITION

In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, revenue is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer, adjusted for any variable consideration (i.e. price concessions) and estimated at contract inception. The estimated amount of variable consideration that will be received by the Company are based on historical experience and trends, management's understanding of the status of negotiations with customers and anticipated future pricing strategies. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product to a customer.

In addition, from time to time, the Company may make payments to customers in connection with ongoing and future business. These payments to customers are generally recognized as a reduction to revenue at the time of the commitment to make these payments unless the payment concession can be clearly linked to the future business award. If the payments are capitalized, the amounts are amortized to revenue as the related goods are transferred.

## INVENTORY RESERVES

Inventories are evaluated based on individual or, in some cases, groups of inventory items. Reserves are established to reduce the value of inventories to the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. Excess inventories are quantities of items that exceed anticipated sales or usage for a reasonable period. The Company has guidelines for calculating provisions for excess inventories based on the number of months of inventories on hand compared to anticipated sales or usage. Management uses its judgment to forecast sales or usage and to determine what constitutes a reasonable period.

There can be no assurance that the amount ultimately realized for inventories will not be materially different than that assumed in the calculation of the reserves.

## GOODWILL

The Company performs an annual impairment test of goodwill in the fourth quarter of each year following the Company's annual forecasting process. In October 2021 the Company concluded that there were no impairments of goodwill. For further information, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

## RECALL PROVISIONS AND WARRANTY OBLIGATIONS

The Company records liabilities for product recalls when probable claims are identified and when it is possible to reasonably estimate costs. Recall costs are costs incurred when the customer decides to formally recall a product due to a known or suspected safety concern. Product recall costs are estimated based on the expected cost of replacing the product and the customer's cost of carrying out the recall, which is affected by the number of vehicles subject to recall and the cost of labor and materials to remove and replace the defective product. The Company maintains a program of insurance, which may include commercial insurance, self-insurance, or a combination of both approaches, for potential recall and product liability claims in amounts and on terms that it believes are reasonable and prudent based on our prior claims experience. The Company's insurance policies generally include coverage of the costs of a recall, although costs related to replacement parts are generally not covered. Actual costs incurred could differ from the amounts estimated, requiring adjustments to these reserves in future periods. It is possible that changes in our assumptions or future product recall issues could materially affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Estimating warranty obligations requires the Company to forecast the resolution of existing claims and expected future claims on products sold. The Company bases the estimate on historical trends of units sold and payment amounts, combined with our current understanding of the status of existing claims and discussions with our customers. These estimates are re-evaluated on an ongoing basis. Actual warranty obligations could differ from the amounts estimated requiring adjustments to existing reserves in future periods. Due to the uncertainty and potential volatility of the factors contributing to developing these estimates, changes in our assumptions could materially affect our results of operations.

## RESTRUCTURING PROVISIONS

The Company defines restructuring expense to include costs directly associated with capacity alignment programs, plus exit or disposal activities. Estimates of restructuring charges are based on information available at the time such charges are recorded. In general, management anticipates that restructuring activities will be completed within a time frame such that significant changes to the exit plan are not likely.

Due to inherent uncertainty involved in estimating restructuring expenses, actual amounts paid for such activities may differ from amounts initially estimated.

## DEFINED BENEFIT PENSION PLANS

The Company has defined benefit pension plans in thirteen countries. The most significant plans exist in the U.S. These U.S. plans represent approximately 59% of the Company's total pension benefit obligation. See Note 18, Retirement Plans to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

The Company, in consultation with its actuarial advisors, determines certain key assumptions to be used in calculating the projected benefit obligation and annual pension expense. For the U.S. plans, the assumptions used for calculating the 2021 pension expense were a discount rate of 2.37%, expected rate of increase in compensation levels of 2.65%, and an expected long-term rate of return on plan assets of 5.05%.

The assumptions used in calculating the U.S. benefit obligations disclosed as of December 31, 2021 were a discount rate of 2.77% and an expected age-based rate of increase in compensation levels of 2.65%. The discount rate for the U.S. plans has been set based on the rates of return of high-quality fixed-income investments currently available at the measurement date and are expected to be available during the period the benefits will be paid. The expected rate of increase in compensation levels and long-term return on plan assets are determined based on a number of factors and must take into account long-term expectations and reflect the financial environment in the respective local markets. At December 31, 2021, 42% of the U.S. plan assets were invested in equities, which is in-line with the target of 40%.

The table below illustrates the sensitivity of the U.S. net periodic benefit cost and projected U.S. benefit obligation to a 1pp change in the discount rate, decrease in return on plan assets and increase in compensation levels for the U.S. plans (in millions). The use of actuarial assumptions is an area of management's estimate.

<table><tr><td></td><td></td><td>2021 net periodic benefit cost increase (decrease)</td><td>2021 projected benefit obligation increase (decrease)</td></tr><tr><td>Assumption (in millions)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Discount rate</td><td>1pp increase</td><td>1</td><td>(34)</td></tr><tr><td>Discount rate</td><td>1pp decrease</td><td>2</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><td>Compensation levels</td><td>1pp increase</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Return on plan assets</td><td>1pp decrease</td><td>4</td><td>n/a</td></tr></table>

## INCOME TAXES

Significant judgment is required in determining the worldwide provision for income taxes. In the ordinary course of a global business, there are many transactions for which the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain. Many of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of intercompany transactions.

Although the Company believes that its tax return positions are supportable, no assurance can be given that the final outcome of these matters will not be materially different than that which is reflected in the historical income tax provisions and accruals. Such differences could have a material effect on the income tax provisions or benefits in the periods in which such determinations are made. See also the discussion of reserves for uncertain tax positions, and the determinations of valuation allowances on the Company's deferred tax assets in Note 5, Income Taxes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

## CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Various claims, lawsuits and proceedings are pending or threatened against the Company or its subsidiaries, covering a range of matters that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities with respect to commercial, product liability or other matters.

The Company diligently defends itself in such matters and, in addition, carries insurance coverage to the extent reasonably available against insurable risks.

The Company records liabilities for claims, lawsuits and proceedings when they are probable and it is possible to reasonably estimate the cost of such liabilities. Legal costs expected to be incurred in connection with a loss contingency are expensed as such costs are incurred.

A loss contingency is accrued by a charge to income if it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In determining whether a loss should be accrued management evaluates, among other factors, the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss. Changes in these factors could materially impact the Company's consolidated financial statements.



## Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The Company is exposed to several markets risks in the ordinary course of business including risks related to currencies, interest rates, financing, capital structure and credit ratings and impairment. See also Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements included with this Annual Report for information about how these risks are quantified.

## CURRENCY RISKS

## 1. Transaction Exposure and Revaluation effects

Transaction exposure arises because the cost of a product originates in one currency and the product is sold in another currency. Revaluation effects come from valuation of assets denominated in other currencies than the reporting currency of each unit.

The Company's net transaction exposure in 2021 was approximately $2.3 billion. The four largest net exposures are U.S. dollar (1) against the the Mexican Peso, Romanian Lei (buy) against the Euro, U.S. dollar (buy) against the Korean Won and U.S. dollar (sell) against the Canadian dollar. Together these currencies accounted for approximately 50% of the Company's net currency transaction exposure.

Since the Company can only effectively hedge these currency flows in the short term, periodic hedging would only reduce the impact of fluctuations temporarily. Over time, periodic hedging would postpone but not reduce the impact of fluctuations. In addition, the net exposure is limited to only around one quarter of net sales and is made up of around 50 different currency pairs with exposures of more than $1 million each. The Company generally does not hedge these flows.

## 2. Translation Exposure in the Income Statement and Balance Sheet

Another effect of exchange rate fluctuations arises when the income statements of non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars. Outside the U.S., the Company's most significant currency is the Euro. The Company estimates that 29% of its net sales will be denominated in Euro or other European currencies during 2022, while 19% of net sales is estimated to be denominated in U.S. dollars.

The Company estimates that a 1% increase in the value of the U.S. dollar versus European currencies will decrease reported U.S. dollar annual net sales in 2022 by $28 million or by 0.3%, while operating income for 2022 will decline by approximately 0.3% or by about $3 million, assuming reported corporate average margin.

The Company's policy is not to hedge this type of translation exposure.

A translation exposure also arises when the balance sheets of non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars. The policy of the Company is to finance major subsidiaries in the country's local currency and to minimize the amounts held by subsidiaries in foreign currency accounts.

Consequently, changes in currency rates relating to funding and foreign currency accounts normally have a small impact on the Company's income. In 2021 and 2020, the impact from the Company's currency exposure were not material.

## INTEREST RATE RISK

Interest rate risk refers to the risk that interest rate changes will affect the Company's borrowing costs. Autoliv's interest rate risk policy states that the average interest rate fixing period should be minimum 1 year and maximum 5 years.

At December 31, 2021, the average interest rate fixing period for the Company's outstanding debt was 2.1 years, and at December 31, 2020, the average interest rate fixing period for the Company's outstanding debt was 2.4 years.

Given the Company's current capital structure, the Company estimates that a one-percentage point interest rate increase would decrease net interest expense by approximately $2.9 million in 2022. This is based on the capital structure at the end of 2021 when the gross fixed-rate debt was $1,330 million while the Company had a net debt position of $1,052 million (see section Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures). Thus, a change in the interest rate environment would not have a notable impact on the Company's interest expense. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $969 million in cash and cash equivalents of which the majority were subject to a floating interest rate. Taking the cash and cash equivalents of $969 million (which is primarily subject to floating interest rates) minus the portion of debt carrying floating interest rates, the Company estimated that a one-percentage point interest rate increase would decrease net interest expense by approximately $2.9 million, both in 2022 and 2023.

Fixed interest rate debt is achieved both by issuing fixed rate notes and through interest rate swaps. The most notable debt carrying fixed interest rates is the $767 million U.S. private placement notes issued in 2014 and in June 2018, the Company issued €500 million of 5-year notes in the Eurobond market. For additional information, see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

## FINANCING RISK

Financing risk refers to the risk that it will be difficult and/or expensive to finance new or existing debt to meet the financing needs of the Autoliv Group.

The management of the financing risk ensures access to funding in a cost-efficient way by diversification of funding sources and debt maturities.

Autoliv has diversified its long-term funding sources by issuing notes in the USPP and Eurobond markets, and by signing a long-term credit agreement with 14 banks. The Company also has a lending facility with the Swedish Export Credit Corporation.

The Company has Medium Term Note Program in place for being able to issue notes to be traded on the Global Exchange Market of Euronext Dublin. The Company also has established programs for short-term issuance of commercial paper in the Swedish and US markets and short-term credit agreements, e.g. bank overdrafts and money market loans.

To ensure diversification of debt maturities, no more than 20% of the Autoliv Group's total debt may mature the next 12 months, unless such maturities (in excess of 20%) are covered by unutilized committed credit facilities with maturity in excess of 12 months. Per December 31, 2021, 17% corresponding to $346 million of the Autoliv Group's total debt had maturity less than 12 months. This amount was fully covered by unutilized committed credit facilities with maturity in excess of 12 months.

## CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND CREDIT RATING

The overall objective relating to Autoliv's target capital structure and credit rating is to provide the Company with sufficient flexibility to manage its balance sheet and cyclicality in Autoliv's business and allow the Company to realize strategic opportunities and fund growth initiatives while creating shareholder value.

Autoliv is committed to maintain a "strong investment grade credit rating." As of December 31, 2021, the Company had a long-term credit rating from S&P Global Ratings ("S&P") of BBB.

The amount of interest-bearing debt held impacts the future financial flexibility as well as the credit rating. Management uses the non-U.S. GAAP measure "Leverage Ratio" to analyze the amount of debt the Company can incur under its debt policy. Management believes that this policy also provides guidance to credit and equity investors regarding the extent to which the Company would be prepared to leverage its operations. Autoliv's long-term target for the leverage ratio (sum of net debt plus pension liabilities divided by EBITDA) is 1.0x with the aim to operate within the range of 0.5x to 1.5x. At December 31, 2021, the leverage ratio (non-U.S. GAAP measure, see calculation table below) was 1.2x. For details and calculation of leverage ratio, refer to the table below.

## CALCULATION OF LEVERAGE RATIO (DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2">December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>$</td><td>1,052</td><td>$</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>197</td><td>248</td></tr><tr><td>Net debt \( ^{1} \)</td><td>1,248</td><td>1,462</td></tr><tr><td>Pension liabilities</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Debt per the Policy</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net income \( ^{2} \)</td><td>437</td><td>188</td></tr><tr><td>Income taxes \( ^{2} \)</td><td>177</td><td>103</td></tr><tr><td>Interest expense, net \( ^{2,3} \)</td><td>57</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><td>Other non-operating items, net \( ^{2} \)</td><td>7</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>Income from equity method investments \( ^{2} \)</td><td>(3)</td><td>(2)</td></tr><tr><td>Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets \( ^{2} \)</td><td>394</td><td>371</td></tr><tr><td>Capacity alignments costs and antitrust related matters \( ^{2} \)</td><td>8</td><td>99</td></tr><tr><td>EBITDA per the Policy (Adjusted EBITDA)</td><td>$</td><td>1,077</td></tr><tr><td>Leverage ratio</td><td>1.2</td><td>1.7</td></tr></table>

1) Net debt is short- and long-term debt and debt-related derivatives less cash and cash equivalents (non-U.S. GAAP measure).

2) Latest 12 months.

3) Interest expense, net is interest expense including cost for extinguishment of debt, if any, less interest income.



## CREDIT RISK IN FINANCIAL MARKETS

Credit risk refers to the risk of a financial counterparty being unable to fulfill an agreed-upon obligation.

In the Company’s financial operations, credit risk arises when cash is deposited with banks and when entering into forward exchange agreements, swap contracts or other financial instruments.

The policy of the Company is to work with banks that have a high credit rating and that participate in Autoliv's financing.

To further reduce credit risk, deposits and financial instruments can only be entered into with core banks up to a calculated risk amount of $200 million per bank for banks rated A- or above and up to $50 million for banks rated BBB+. In addition, deposits can be made in U.S. and Swedish government short-term notes and certain AAA rated money market funds, as approved by the Company's Board of Directors. At December 31, 2021, the Company held $579 million in AAA rated money market funds.

## IMPAIRMENT RISK

Impairment risk refers to the risk that the Company will write down a material amount of its goodwill of close to $1.4 billion as of December 31, 2021. This risk is assessed at least annually in the fourth quarter each year when the Company performs its impairment testing.

In 2021, the Company performed a quantitative impairment testing by calculating the fair value of its goodwill. The estimated fair market value of goodwill is determined by the discounted cash flow method. The Company discounts projected operating cash flows using its weighted average cost of capital. Estimating the fair value requires the Company to make judgments about appropriate discount rates, growth rates, relevant comparable company earnings multiples and the amount and timing of expected future cash flows.

It has been concluded that presently the Company is not “at risk” of failing the goodwill impairment test. However, there can be no assurance that goodwill will not be impaired due to future significant declines in LVP, due to the Company’s technologies or products becoming obsolete or for any other reason. The Company could also acquire companies where goodwill could turn out to be less resilient to deteriorations in external conditions. See also discussion under Goodwill and Intangible Assets in Note 2 and Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

## Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The Consolidated Balance Sheets of Autoliv as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and the Consolidated Statements of Income, Comprehensive Income, Cash Flows and Total Equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and the Reports of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included below.

All of the schedules specified under Regulation S-X to be provided by Autoliv have been omitted either because they are not applicable, are not required or the information required is included in the financial statements or notes thereto.

## Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Autoliv, Inc.

## Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Autoliv, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, total equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 22, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

## Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

## Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.



## Revenue recognition – Variable consideration

<table><tr><td>Description of the Matter</td><td>As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company measures revenue based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer, adjusted for any variable consideration. Variability in consideration typically results from price concessions. The estimated amount of variable consideration that will be received by the Company is based on assumptions that include historical experience and trends, management&#x27;s assessment of the probable outcome of its negotiations with customers and anticipated future pricing strategies. Estimating variable consideration to be received requires significant judgments by management that affect the amount of revenue recorded in the financial statements.</td></tr><tr><td>How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit</td><td>Auditing the amount of variable consideration expected to be received was complex because of the uncertainty inherent in the factors discussed above that management uses in its calculations. We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of internal controls related to variable consideration, including controls related to management&#x27;s review of ongoing negotiations with customers. To test the estimated amount of variable consideration expected to be received, our audit procedures included, among others, evaluating the Company&#x27;s estimation methodology and testing the significant factors used in the calculations, as discussed above. These procedures included obtaining information from management and sales department representatives who were responsible for negotiations with customers to assess the reasonableness of assumptions related to variable considerations relative to current and future budgets made by management. We ability to estimate by comparing actual results to previous estimates and judgments made by management. We also performed journal entry testing focused on unusual and manual entries affecting revenue and on entries that could be indicative of price concessions that may not have been considered in the Company&#x27;s assumptions and calculations.</td></tr></table>

## Product recalls

As discussed in Notes 2 and 12 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company is exposed to product liability claims in the event its products fail to perform as represented and such failure results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury, and/or property damage or other loss. The Company records liabilities for product recalls when probable claims are identified and when it is possible to reasonably estimate costs. Actual costs incurred could differ from the amounts estimated, requiring adjustments to these reserves in future periods. Provisions for product recalls are estimated based on the expected cost of replacing the product and the customer's cost of carrying out the recall, which is affected by the number of vehicles subject to recall and the cost of labor and materials to remove and replace the defective product.

Auditing the product recall liabilities was complex due to the uncertainty inherent in the assumptions and estimates management uses to calculate these liability balances. These significant assumptions and estimates include the nature, likelihood, timing, and anticipated cost of known and potential claims.

<table><tr><td>How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit</td><td>We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of internal controls over the Company&#x27;s product recall process, including controls related to management&#x27;s review of the estimation calculations and significant assumptions discussed above. To test product recall liabilities, our audit procedures included, among others, evaluating the Company&#x27;s estimation methodology and testing the significant assumptions discussed above. We obtained information from Company personnel who are responsible for monitoring the status of product recalls with customers to assess the reasonableness of assumptions used. We evaluated the Company&#x27;s ability to estimate by comparing actual results to previous estimates and judgments made by management. We also obtained letters from the Company&#x27;s external legal counsel addressing material claims against the Company, if any, and examined relevant third-party automotive safety regulatory information to identify potential unrecorded product recall liabilities.</td></tr></table>

## /s/ Ernst & Young AB

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1984.

Stockholm, Sweden
February 22, 2022



## Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

## To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Autoliv, Inc.

## Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited Autoliv, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Autoliv, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, total equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and our report dated February 22, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

## Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

## Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young AB

Stockholm, Sweden
February 22, 2022

## Consolidated Statements of Income

<table><tr><td colspan="5">Years ended December 31</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">DOLLARS AND SHARES IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)</td><td colspan="2">2021</td></tr><tr><td>Net sales</td><td>Note 20</td><td>$ 8,230</td><td>$ 7,447</td><td>$ 8,548</td></tr><tr><td>Cost of sales</td><td></td><td>(6,719)</td><td>(6,201)</td><td>(6,963)</td></tr><tr><td>Gross profit</td><td></td><td>1,511</td><td>1,247</td><td>1,584</td></tr><tr><td>Selling, general and administrative expenses</td><td></td><td>(432)</td><td>(389)</td><td>(399)</td></tr><tr><td>Research, development and engineering expenses, net</td><td></td><td>(391)</td><td>(376)</td><td>(406)</td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of intangibles</td><td>Note 10</td><td>(10)</td><td>(10)</td><td>(12)</td></tr><tr><td>Other income (expense), net</td><td>Notes 11, 17</td><td>(3)</td><td>(90)</td><td>(43)</td></tr><tr><td>Operating income</td><td></td><td>675</td><td>382</td><td>726</td></tr><tr><td>Income from equity method investment</td><td>Note 8</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Interest income</td><td></td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Interest expense</td><td>Note 13</td><td>(60)</td><td>(73)</td><td>(70)</td></tr><tr><td>Other non-operating items, net</td><td></td><td>(7)</td><td>(25)</td><td>(14)</td></tr><tr><td>Income before income taxes</td><td>Note 5</td><td>614</td><td>291</td><td>648</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax expense</td><td></td><td>(177)</td><td>(103)</td><td>(186)</td></tr><tr><td>Net income</td><td></td><td>437</td><td>188</td><td>463</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5">Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interest</td></tr><tr><td>Net income attributable to controlling interest</td><td></td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Earnings per share - basic \( ^{1)} \)</td><td></td><td>$ 435</td><td>$ 187</td><td>$ 462</td></tr><tr><td>Earnings per share - diluted \( ^{1)} \)</td><td></td><td>$ 4.96</td><td>$ 2.14</td><td>$ 5.29</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5">Weighted average number of shares outstanding, net of treasury shares (in millions)</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted average number of shares outstanding, assuming dilution and net of treasury shares (in millions)</td><td></td><td>87.5</td><td>87.3</td><td>87.2</td></tr><tr><td>Cash dividend per share - declared</td><td></td><td>$ 1.88</td><td>$ —</td><td>$ 2.48</td></tr><tr><td>Cash dividend per share - paid</td><td></td><td>$ 1.88</td><td>$ 0.62</td><td>$ 2.48</td></tr></table>

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

1) Participating share awards with the right to receive dividend equivalents are (under the two class method) excluded from the earnings per share calculation (see Note 21 in this Annual Report).



## Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)</td><td colspan="4">Years ended December 31</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net income</td><td>$   437</td><td>$   188</td><td>$   463</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other comprehensive (loss) income before tax:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Change in cumulative translation adjustments</td><td>(86)</td><td>97</td><td>2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net change in unrealized components of defined benefit plans</td><td>37</td><td>8</td><td>(35)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax</td><td>(49)</td><td>104</td><td>(33)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tax effect allocated to other comprehensive (loss) income</td><td>(11)</td><td>(2)</td><td>7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax</td><td>(60)</td><td>103</td><td>(26)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Comprehensive income</td><td>377</td><td>291</td><td>437</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest</td><td>$   375</td><td>$   289</td><td>$   436</td><td></td></tr></table>

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

## Consolidated Balance Sheets

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(DOLLARS AND SHARES IN MILLIONS)</td><td colspan="2">At December 31</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>Assets</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cash and cash equivalents</td><td>$ 969</td><td>$ 1,178</td></tr><tr><td>Receivables, net</td><td>Note 6</td><td>1,699</td></tr><tr><td>Inventories, net</td><td>Note 7</td><td>777</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax receivable</td><td>45</td><td>44</td></tr><tr><td>Prepaid expenses and accrued income</td><td>164</td><td>164</td></tr><tr><td>Related party receivable</td><td>Note 19</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Other current assets</td><td>Note 12, 17</td><td>20</td></tr><tr><td>Total current assets</td><td>3,675</td><td>4,269</td></tr><tr><td>Property, plant and equipment, net</td><td>Note 9</td><td>1,855</td></tr><tr><td>Operating lease right-of-use assets</td><td>Note 3</td><td>132</td></tr><tr><td>Goodwill</td><td>Note 10</td><td>1,387</td></tr><tr><td>Intangible assets, net</td><td>Note 10</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Other non-current assets</td><td>Note 8, 17</td><td>481</td></tr><tr><td>Total assets</td><td>$ 7,537</td><td>$ 8,157</td></tr><tr><td>Liabilities and equity</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Short-term debt</td><td>Note 13</td><td>$ 346</td></tr><tr><td>Accounts payable</td><td>1,129</td><td>1,227</td></tr><tr><td>Accrued expenses</td><td>Notes 11, 12</td><td>987</td></tr><tr><td>Related party liabilities</td><td>Note 19</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax payable</td><td>81</td><td>97</td></tr><tr><td>Operating lease liabilities, current</td><td>Note 3</td><td>38</td></tr><tr><td>Other current liabilities</td><td>216</td><td>187</td></tr><tr><td>Total current liabilities</td><td>2,821</td><td>3,147</td></tr><tr><td>Long-term debt</td><td>Note 13</td><td>1,662</td></tr><tr><td>Pension liability</td><td>Note 18</td><td>197</td></tr><tr><td>Operating lease liabilities, non-current</td><td>Note 3</td><td>94</td></tr><tr><td>Other non-current liabilities</td><td>115</td><td>126</td></tr><tr><td>Total non-current liabilities</td><td>2,067</td><td>2,587</td></tr><tr><td>Commitments and contingencies</td><td>Note 17</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Common stock \( ^{1)} \)</td><td>103</td><td>103</td></tr><tr><td>Additional paid-in capital</td><td>1,329</td><td>1,329</td></tr><tr><td>Retained earnings</td><td>2,742</td><td>2,471</td></tr><tr><td>Accumulated other comprehensive loss</td><td>Note 14</td><td>(408)</td></tr><tr><td>Treasury stock (15.3 and 15.4 shares, respectively)</td><td>(1,133)</td><td>(1,147)</td></tr><tr><td>Total controlling interest&#x27;s equity</td><td>2,633</td><td>2,409</td></tr><tr><td>Non-controlling interest</td><td>15</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>Total equity</td><td>2,648</td><td>2,423</td></tr><tr><td>Total liabilities and equity</td><td>$ 7,537</td><td>$ 8,157</td></tr></table>

1) Number of shares: 350 million authorized, 102.8 million issued for both years, and 87.5 and 87.4 million outstanding, net of treasury shares, for 2021 and 2020, respectively.

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.



## Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)</td><td colspan="4">Years ended December 31</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operating activities</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net income</td><td>$ 437</td><td>$ 188</td><td>$ 463</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Depreciation and amortization</td><td>394</td><td>371</td><td>351</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Deferred income taxes</td><td>(20)</td><td>(24)</td><td>(16)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Loss from equity method investments, net of dividends</td><td>(3)</td><td>0</td><td>4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other, net</td><td>8</td><td>37</td><td>(5)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net change in operating working capital:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EC antitrust payment</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>(203)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Receivables and other assets, gross</td><td>283</td><td>(415)</td><td>25</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Inventories, gross</td><td>(19)</td><td>(34)</td><td>15</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Accounts payable and accrued expenses</td><td>(314)</td><td>672</td><td>36</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Income taxes</td><td>(12)</td><td>54</td><td>(29)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net cash provided by operating activities</td><td>754</td><td>849</td><td>641</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Investing activities</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Expenditures for property, plant and equipment</td><td>(458)</td><td>(344)</td><td>(483)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net cash used in investing activities</td><td>(454)</td><td>(340)</td><td>(476)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Financing activities</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net decrease in short-term debt</td><td>(286)</td><td>(240)</td><td>(364)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Increase in long-term debt</td><td>—</td><td>1,177</td><td>244</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Repayment of long-term debt</td><td>(20)</td><td>(723)</td><td>0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dividends paid to non-controlling interest</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dividends paid</td><td>(165)</td><td>(54)</td><td>(217)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Common stock options exercised</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities</td><td>(469)</td><td>160</td><td>(338)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents</td><td>(39)</td><td>64</td><td>2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents</td><td>(209)</td><td>734</td><td>(171)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year</td><td>1,178</td><td>445</td><td>616</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cash and cash equivalents at end of year</td><td>$ 969</td><td>$ 1,178</td><td>$ 445</td><td></td></tr></table>

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

## Consolidated Statements of Total Equity

<table><tr><td>(DOLLARS AND SHARES IN MILLIONS)</td><td>Number of shares</td><td>Common stock</td><td>Additional paid in capital</td><td>Retained earnings</td><td>Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income</td><td>Treasury stock</td><td>Total parent shareholders&#x27; equity</td><td>Non-controlling interest</td><td>Total equity</td></tr><tr><td>Balance at December 31, 2018</td><td>103</td><td>103</td><td>$ 103</td><td>$ 1,329</td><td>$ 2,042</td><td>$ (423)</td><td>$ (1,167)</td><td>$ 1,884</td><td>$ 13</td><td>$ 1,897</td></tr><tr><td>Comprehensive Income:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net income</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>462</td><td></td><td></td><td>462</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>463</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign currency translation</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total Comprehensive Income</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stock-based compensation</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cash dividends declared</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dividends paid to non-controlling interest on subsidiary shares</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Balance at December 31, 2019</td><td>103</td><td>103</td><td>$ 103</td><td>$ 1,329</td><td>$ 2,084</td><td>$ (449)</td><td>$ (1,158)</td><td>$ 2,109</td><td>$ 13</td><td>$ 2,122</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Comprehensive Income:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net income</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Foreign currency translation</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total Comprehensive Income</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stock-based compensation</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cash dividends declared</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dividends paid to non-controlling interest on subsidiary shares</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Balance at December 31, 2020</td><td>103</td><td>103</td><td>$ 103</td><td>$ 1,329</td><td>$ 2,471</td><td>$ (347)</td><td>$ (1,147)</td><td>$ 2,409</td><td>$ 14</td><td>$ 2,423</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Comprehensive Income:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net income</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Foreign currency translation</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total Comprehensive Income</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stock-based compensation</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cash dividends declared</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dividends paid to non-controlling interest on subsidiary shares</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Balance at December 31, 2021</td><td>103</td><td>103</td><td>$ 103</td><td>$ 1,329</td><td>$ 2,742</td><td>$ (408)</td><td>$ (1,133)</td><td>$ 2,633</td><td>$ 15</td><td>$ 2,648</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

1) See Note 14 for further details – includes tax effects where applicable.

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.



## Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

## 1. Basis of Presentation

## NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Through its operating subsidiaries, Autoliv is a leading developer, manufacturer and supplier of safety systems to the automotive industry. The Company has a broad range of product offerings, primarily passive safety systems, including modules and components for passenger and driver airbags, side airbags, curtain airbags, seatbelts and steering wheels. The Company is also a supplier of anti-whiplash systems and pedestrian protection systems.

## PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States (U.S.) Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and include Autoliv, Inc. and all companies over which Autoliv, Inc. directly or indirectly exercises control, which as a general rule means that the Company owns more than 50% of the voting rights.

Consolidation is also required when the Company has both the power to direct the activities of a variable interest entity (VIE) and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE.

All intercompany accounts and transactions within the Company have been eliminated from the consolidated financial statements.

Investments in affiliated companies in which the Company exercises significant influence over the operations and financial policies, but does not control, are reported using the equity method of accounting. Generally, the Company owns between 20-50% of such investments.

## SEGMENT REPORTING

In accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, the operating segments are determined based on the information provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) on a regular basis and used for the purpose of assessing performance and allocating resources within the Company. The CEO is deemed to be the CODM of Autoliv since he is the person who makes all major decisions on how to allocate the resources and assess the performance of the Company for both strategic and operational initiatives.

ASC 280 indicates that a component is an operating segment if it meets the following criteria:

- It engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses.

- Its operating results are regularly reviewed by the CODM to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance.

• Its discrete financial information is available.

The Company as a whole has met the definition of an operating segment as it engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, the consolidated operating results are regularly reviewed by the CEO/CODM to allocate resources and assess performance, and discrete financial information is available. Additionally, as Autoliv supplies customers on a global basis it also manages the business on a global basis. Therefore, based on the above analysis, the Company has concluded that the Company is the single operating and reportable segment under ASC 280, Segment Reporting. For more information on the Company's segment, see Note 20.

## RECLASSIFICATIONS AND ROUNDINGS

Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.

Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements and associated notes may not reconcile due to rounding. All percentages have been calculated using unrounded amounts.

## 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

## BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

Transactions in which the Company obtains control of a business are accounted for according to the acquisition method as described in ASC 805, Business Combinations. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recognized and measured at their fair values as of the date control is obtained. Acquisition related costs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred. Contingent consideration is recognized and measured at fair value at the acquisition date and until paid is re-measured on a recurring basis and classified as a liability.

## EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENT

Investments accounted for under the equity method, means that a proportional share of the equity method investment's net income increases the investment, and a proportional share of losses and payment of dividends decreases it. In the Consolidated Statements of Income, the proportional share of the net income (loss) is reported as Income from equity method investment.

## USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reporting period. The accounting estimates that require management's most significant judgments include the estimation of variable consideration for the Company's contracts with customers, valuation of stock-based compensation payments, assessment of recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets, estimation of pension benefit obligations based on actuarial assumptions, estimation of accruals for warranty and recalls, restructuring charges, uncertain tax positions, valuation allowances and legal proceedings. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

## REVENUE RECOGNITION

In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, revenue is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer, adjusted for any variable consideration (i.e. price concessions) and estimated at contract inception. The estimated amount of variable consideration that will be received by the Company is based on historical experience and trends, management's understanding of the status of negotiations with customers and anticipated future pricing strategies. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product to a customer.

In addition, from time to time, the Company may make payments to customers in connection with ongoing and future business. These payments to customers are generally recognized as a reduction to revenue at the time of the commitment to make these payments unless the payment can be clearly linked to the future business. If the payments are capitalized, the amounts are amortized to revenue as the related goods are transferred.

Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue.

Shipping and handling costs associated with bundling freight before control of a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of sales.

## Nature of goods and services

The Company generates revenue from the sale of parts, which includes airbag and seatbelt products and components, to original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs").

The Company accounts for individual products separately if they are distinct (i.e., if a product is separately identifiable from other items and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer). The consideration for each of the products, including any price concessions, is based on their stand-alone selling prices. The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the cost-plus margin approach.

The Company recognizes revenue for parts primarily at a point in time. For parts with revenue recognized at a point in time, the Company recognizes revenue upon shipment to the customers and transfer of title and risk of loss under standard commercial terms (typically FOB shipping point).

There are certain contracts where the criteria to recognize revenue over time have been met (e.g., there is no alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment). In such cases, at period end, the Company recognizes revenue and a related asset and associated cost of goods sold and reduction in inventory. However, the financial impact of these contracts is immaterial considering the very short production cycles and limited inventory days on hand. The contract balances with customers, included in other current assets, amounted to $20 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

The amount of revenue recognized is based on the purchase order price and adjusted for variable consideration (i.e. price concessions). Customers typically pay for the parts based on customary business practices.



## GOVERNMENT GRANTS

Generally, the Company receives grants related to assets or grants related to income. The Company account for government grants as follows depending on which category the grants fall into. Government grants connected to Capital Expenditure are offset against the capitalized costs of the asset in the balance sheet when: a) all performance obligations connected to the government grant have been fulfilled; and b) the cash has been received. Other government grants including those reimbursing expenses are recognized in the profit and loss when: a) all performance obligations connected to the government grant have been fulfilled; and b) the cash has been received.

When the cash has been received but there are outstanding performance obligations connected to the government grants received, the cash received is recognized as other payables and offset against the capitalized costs when the outstanding performance obligations are fulfilled.

## RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING, NET (R,D&E)

Research and development and most engineering expenses are expensed as incurred. These expenses are reported net of expense reimbursements from contracts to perform engineering design and product development fulfillment activities related to the production of parts. For the years 2021, 2020 and 2019 total reimbursements from customers were $203 million, $181 million and $199 million, respectively.

Certain engineering expenses related to long-term supply arrangements are capitalized when defined criteria, such as the existence of a contractual guarantee for reimbursement, are met. The aggregate amount of such assets is not significant in any period presented.

Tooling is generally agreed upon as a separate contract or a separate component of an engineering contract, as a pre-production project. Capitalization of tooling costs is made only when the specific criteria for capitalization of customer funded tooling is met or the criteria for capitalization as Property, Plant & Equipment (P,P&E) for tools owned by the Company are fulfilled. Depreciation on the Company's own tooling is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income as Cost of sales.

## STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The compensation costs for all of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards are determined based on the fair value method as defined in ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. The Company records the compensation expense for awards under the Stock Incentive Plan, including Restricted Stock Units (RSUs), Performance Shares (PSs) and stock options (SOs), over the respective vesting period. For further details, see Note 16.

## INCOME TAXES

Current tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the estimated taxes payable or refundable on the tax returns for the current year. In certain circumstances, payments or refunds may extend beyond twelve months, in such cases amounts would be classified as non-current taxes payable or receivable. Deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognized for the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences and carryforwards that result from events that have been recognized in either the financial statements or the tax returns, but not both. The measurement of current and deferred tax liabilities and assets is based on provisions of enacted tax laws. Deferred tax assets are reduced by the amount of any tax benefits that are not expected to be realized. A valuation allowance is recognized if, based on the weight of all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Evaluation of the realizability of deferred tax assets is subject to significant judgment requiring careful consideration of all facts and circumstances. The Company classifies deferred tax assets and liabilities as non-current in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Tax assets and liabilities are not offset unless attributable to the same tax jurisdiction and netting is possible according to law and, as it relates to payables and receivables, expected to take place in the same period.

Tax benefits associated with tax positions taken in the Company's income tax returns are initially recognized when it is more likely than not that those tax positions will be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authorities. The Company's evaluation of its tax benefits is based on the probability of the tax position being upheld if challenged by the taxing authorities (including through negotiation, appeals, settlement and litigation). Whenever a tax position does not meet the initial recognition criteria, the tax benefit is subsequently recognized if there is a substantive change in the facts and circumstances that cause a change in judgment concerning the sustainability of the tax position upon examination by the relevant taxing authorities. In cases where tax benefits meet the initial recognition criterion, the Company continues, in subsequent periods, to assess its ability to sustain those positions. A previously recognized tax benefit is derecognized when it is no longer more likely than not that the tax position would be sustained upon examination. Liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits are classified as non-current unless the payment of the liability is expected to be made within the next 12 months.

## EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company calculates basic earnings per share (EPS) by dividing net income attributable to controlling interest by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period (net of treasury shares). The Company's unvested RSUs and PSS, of which some include the right to receive non-forfeitable dividend equivalents, are considered participating securities. The diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if common stock was issued for awards under the Stock Incentive Plan and is calculated using the more dilutive method of either the two-class method or the treasury stock method. The treasury stock method assumes that the Company uses the proceeds from the exercise of stock option awards to repurchase ordinary shares at the average market price during the period. For unvested restricted stock, assumed proceeds under the treasury stock method will include unamortized compensation cost and windfall tax benefits or shortfalls. Post spin-off assumed proceeds under the treasury stock method related to RSUs will only include unamortized compensation cost related to Autoliv employees holding Autoliv RSUs. Calculations of EPS under the two-class method exclude from the numerator any dividends paid or owed on participating securities and any undistributed earnings considered to be attributable to participating securities. The related participating securities are similarly excluded from the denominator. For further details, see Notes 16 and 21.

## CASH EQUIVALENTS

The Company considers all highly liquid investment instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

## RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR EXPECTED CREDIT LOSSES

In addition to individually assess overdue customer balances for expected credit losses, the Company also calculates an allowance that reflects the expected credit losses on receivables considering both historical experience as well as forward looking assumptions. The method calculates the expected credit losses for a group of customers by using the customer groups' average short-term default rates based on officially published credit ratings and the Company's historical experience. These default rates are considered the Company's best estimate of the customer's ability to pay. The Company regularly reassess the customer group's and the applied customer group's default rates by using its best judgment when considering changes in customer's credit ratings, customer's historical payments and loss experience, current market and economic conditions and the Company's expectations of future market and economic conditions.

There can be no assurance that the amount ultimately realized for receivables will not be materially different than that assumed in the calculation of the allowance for expected credit losses.

## DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

## All derivatives are recognized at fair value.

Hedge accounting is not applied either because non-hedge accounting treatment creates the same accounting result or the hedge does not meet the hedge accounting requirements, although entered into applying the same rationale concerning mitigating market risk that occurs from changes in interest and foreign exchange rates.

For further details on the Company’s financial instruments, see Notes 4 and 13.

## INVENTORIES

The cost of inventories is computed according to the first-in first-out method (FIFO). Cost includes the cost of materials, direct labor and the applicable share of manufacturing overhead. Inventories are evaluated based on individual or, in some cases, groups of inventory items. Reserves are established to reduce the value of inventories to the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. Excess inventories are quantities of items that exceed anticipated sales or usage for a reasonable period. The Company calculates provisions for excess inventories based on the number of months of inventories on hand compared to anticipated sales or usage. Management uses its judgment to forecast sales or usage and to determine what constitutes a reasonable period. There can be no assurance that the amount ultimately realized for inventories will not be materially different than that assumed in the calculation of the reserves.

## PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, Plant and Equipment is recorded at historical cost. Construction in progress generally involves short-term projects for which capitalized interest is not significant. The Company provides for depreciation of property, plant and equipment computed under the straight-line method over the assets' estimated useful lives, or in the case of leasehold improvements over the shorter of the useful life or the lease term. Amortization on capital leases is recognized with depreciation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income over the shorter of the assets' expected life or the lease contract term. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.



## LEASES

In accordance with ASC 842, Leases, the Company recognizes contracts that is, or contains, a lease when the contract conveys the right to control the use of a physically identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration in the balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and lease liability. The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at lease commencement. The lease liability for both finance and operating leases is measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted at the Company's incremental borrowing rate (if the implicit interest rate in the lease contract is not readily determinable). The right-of-use asset (ROU) for finance and operating leases is initially measured at the sum of the initial lease liability plus initial direct costs plus prepaid lease payments minus lease incentives received. Lease payments include undiscounted fixed payments plus optional payments that are reasonably certain to be owed. Lease payments do not include variable lease payments other than those that depend on an index or rate. Variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate are included in the calculation of lease payments and in the measurement of the lease liability.

If the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate. The Company uses its best judgment when determining the incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term to the lease payments in a similar currency.

The Company has elected the practical expedient of not separating lease components from non-lease components for all its classes of underlying assets. The Company has also elected to recognize the lease payments for short-term leases in its consolidated statement of income on a straight-line basis over the lease term and recognize the variable lease payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred.

Finance lease right-of-use assets are presented together with other property, plant and equipment assets and finance lease liabilities are presented together with other current and non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

For further details on the Company's leases, see Note 3.

## LONG-LIVED ASSET IMPAIRMENT

The Company evaluates the carrying value and useful lives of long-lived assets, other than goodwill and intangible assets, when indications of impairment are evident or it is likely that the useful lives have decreased, in which case the Company depreciates the assets over the remaining useful lives. Impairment testing is primarily done by using the cash flow method based on undiscounted future cash flows. Estimated undiscounted cash flows for a long-lived asset being evaluated for recoverability are compared with the respective carrying amount of that asset. If the estimated undiscounted cash flows exceed the carrying amount of the assets, the carrying amounts of the long-lived asset are considered recoverable and an impairment cannot be recorded. However, if the carrying amount of a group of assets exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, an entity must then measure the long-lived assets' fair value to determine whether an impairment loss should be recognized, generally using a discounted cash flow model. Generally, the lowest level of cash flows for impairment assessment is customer platform level.

## GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but subject to at least an annual review for impairment. Other intangible assets, principally related to acquired technology, are amortized over their useful lives which range from 3 to 25 years.

The Company performs its annual impairment testing in the fourth quarter of each year. Impairment testing is required more often than annually if an event or circumstance indicates that an impairment, or decline in value, may have occurred. The Company uses either a qualitative assessment or a quantitative calculation for its impairment testing. The qualitative assessment permits the Company to assess whether it is more than likely than not (i.e. a likelihood of greater than 50%) that goodwill or an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If the Company concludes based on the qualitative assessment that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill or an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount, it would not have to quantitatively determine the asset's fair value. The Company also consider external factors that could affect the significant inputs used to determine fair value.

In 2021, the Company performed a quantitative impairment test by calculating the fair value of its goodwill. The estimated fair market value of goodwill is determined by the discounted cash flow method. The Company discounts projected operating cash flows using its weighted average cost of capital. Estimating the fair value requires the Company to make judgments about appropriate discount rates, growth rates, relevant comparable company earnings multiples and the amount and timing of expected future cash flows. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess of carrying amount over the fair value of the respective reporting unit. To supplement this analysis, the Company compares the market value of its equity, calculated by reference to the quoted market prices of its shares, with the book value of its equity.

There were no impairments of goodwill from 2019 through 2021.

## WARRANTIES AND RECALLS

The Company records liabilities for product recall when probable claims are identified and when it is possible to reasonably estimate costs. Recall costs are costs incurred when the customer decides to formally recall a product due to a known or suspected safety concern. Product recall costs are estimated based on the expected cost of replacing the product and the customer's cost of carrying out the recall, which is affected by the number of vehicles subject to recall and the cost of labor and materials to remove and replace the defective product. Insurance receivables, related to recall issues covered by the insurance, are included within other current and non-current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Provisions for warranty claims are estimated based on prior experience, likely changes in performance of newer products and the mix and volume of products sold. The provisions are recorded on an accrual basis.

## RESTRUCTURING PROVISIONS

The Company defines restructuring expense to include costs directly associated with rightsizing, exit or disposal activities. Estimates of restructuring charges are based on information available at the time such charges are recorded. In general, management anticipates that restructuring activities will be completed within a timeframe such that significant changes to the exit plan are not likely. Due to inherent uncertainty involved in estimating restructuring expenses, actual amounts paid for such activities may differ from amounts initially estimated.

## PENSION OBLIGATIONS

The Company provides for both defined contribution plans and defined benefit plans. A defined contribution plan generally specifies the periodic amount that the employer must contribute to the plan and how that amount will be allocated to the eligible employees who perform services during the same period. A defined benefit pension plan is one that contains pension benefit formulas, which generally determine the amount of pension benefits that each employee will receive for services performed during a specified period of employment.

The amount recognized as a defined benefit liability is the net total of projected benefit obligation (PBO) minus the fair value of plan assets (if any) (see Note 18).

## CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Various claims, lawsuits and proceedings are pending or threatened against the Company or its subsidiaries, covering a range of matters that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities with respect to commercial, product liability or other matters (see Note 12). The Company diligently defends itself in such matters and, in addition, carries insurance coverage to the extent reasonably available against insurable risks. The Company records liabilities for claims, lawsuits and proceedings when they are probable and it is possible to reasonably estimate the cost of such liabilities. Legal costs expected to be incurred in connection with a loss contingency are expensed as such costs are incurred.

The Company believes, based on currently available information, that the resolution of outstanding matters, other than any antitrust related matters described in Note 17 after taking into account recorded liabilities and available insurance coverage, should not have a material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations. However, due to the inherent uncertainty associated with such matters, there can be no assurance that the final outcomes of these matters will not be materially different than currently estimated.

## TRANSLATION OF NON-U.S. SUBSIDIARIES

The balance sheets of subsidiaries with functional currency other than U.S. dollars are translated into U.S. dollars using year-end exchange rates. The Statements of Income of these subsidiaries is translated into U.S. dollars using the average exchange rates for the year. Translation differences are reflected in equity as a component of OCI.

## RECEIVABLES AND LIABILITIES IN NON-FUNCTIONAL CURRENCIES

Receivables and liabilities not denominated in functional currencies are converted at year-end exchange rates. Net transaction losses, reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income, amounted to $(29) million in 2021, $(24) million in 2020 and $(15) million in 2019, and are recorded in operating income if they relate to operational receivables and liabilities or are recorded in other non-operating items, net if they relate to financial receivables and liabilities.



## NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Changes to U.S. GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") in the form of accounting standards updates ("ASUs") to the FASB's Accounting Standards Codification (ASC). The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. ASUs not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have an immaterial impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

## Adoption of New Accounting Standards

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and early adoption is permitted. The amendments related to changes in ownership of foreign equity method investments or foreign subsidiaries should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 as of January 1, 2021, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

## Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

None that are expected to have an impact on the Company.

## 3. Leases

The Company has operating leases for offices, manufacturing and research buildings, machinery, cars, data processing and other equipment. The Company's leases have remaining lease terms of 1-46 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 25 years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within 1 year.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company has no additional material operating leases that have not yet commenced.

The following tables provide information about the Company’s operating leases. The Company has not identified any material finance leases as of December 31, 2021 and therefore the finance lease cost components have not been disclosed in the tables below.

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(Dollars in millions)</td><td colspan="2">Year ended December 31</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>Operating lease cost</td><td>$ 44</td><td>$ 46</td></tr><tr><td>Short-term lease cost</td><td>10</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Variable lease cost</td><td>4</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Sublease income</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td></tr><tr><td>Total lease cost</td><td>$ 57</td><td>$ 55</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(Dollars in millions)</td><td colspan="2">Year ended or as of December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities</td><td>$ 46</td><td>$ 46</td></tr><tr><td>Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities</td><td>41</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases</td><td>7 years</td><td>6 years</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases</td><td>2.1%</td><td>1.9%</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td colspan="2">Maturities of operating lease liabilities (undiscounted cash flows) are as follows:</td></tr><tr><td>(Dollars in millions)</td><td>Maturities</td></tr><tr><td>2022</td><td>$ 38</td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>2024</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>2025</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>2026</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>Thereafter</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>Total operating lease payments</td><td>142</td></tr><tr><td>Less imputed interest</td><td>(11)</td></tr><tr><td>Total operating lease liabilities</td><td>$ 132</td></tr></table>

## 4. Fair Value Measurements

## ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE ON A RECURRING BASIS

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, other current liabilities and short-term debt approximate their fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments.

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, “derivatives”, as part of its debt management to mitigate the market risk that occurs from its exposure to changes in interest and foreign exchange rates. The Company does not enter into derivatives for trading or other speculative purposes. The Company’s use of derivatives is in accordance with the strategies contained in the Company’s overall financial policy. All derivatives are recognized in the consolidated financial statements at fair value. Certain derivatives are from time to time designated either as fair value hedges or cash flow hedges in line with the hedge accounting criteria. For certain other derivatives hedge accounting is not applied either because non-hedge accounting treatment creates the same accounting result or the hedge does not meet the hedge accounting requirements, although entered into applying the same rationale concerning mitigating market risk that occurs from changes in interest and foreign exchange rates.

The degree of judgment utilized in measuring the fair value of the instruments generally correlates to the level of pricing observability. Pricing observability is impacted by several factors, including the type of asset or liability, whether the asset or liability has an established market and the characteristics specific to the transaction. Instruments with readily active quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices generally will have a higher degree of pricing observability and a lesser degree of judgment utilized in measuring fair value. Conversely, assets rarely traded or not quoted will generally have less, or no, pricing observability and a higher degree of judgment utilized in measuring fair value.

Under U.S. GAAP, there is a disclosure framework hierarchy associated with the level of pricing observability utilized in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value. The three broad levels defined by the hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 - Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date.

Level 2 - Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. The nature of these assets and liabilities include items for which quoted prices are available but traded less frequently, and items that are fair valued using other financial instruments, the parameters of which can be directly observed.

Level 3 - Assets and liabilities that have little to no pricing observability as of the reported date. These items do not have two-way markets and are measured using management's best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.

The Company’s derivatives are all classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The tables below present information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the continuing operations as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The carrying value is the same as the fair value as these instruments are recognized in the consolidated financial statements at fair value. Although the Company is party to close-out netting agreements (ISDA agreements) with all derivative counterparties, the fair values in the tables below and in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 have been presented on a gross basis. According to the close-out netting agreements, transaction amounts payable to a counterparty on the same date and in the same currency can be netted. The amounts subject to netting agreements that the Company choose not to offset are presented below.

## DERIVATIVES DESIGNATED AS HEDGING INSTRUMENTS

There were no derivatives designated as hedging instruments as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 related to the continuing operations.



## DERIVATIVES NOT DESIGNATED AS HEDGING INSTRUMENTS

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, relate to economic hedges and are marked to market with all amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The derivatives not designated as hedging instruments outstanding at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were foreign exchange swaps.

For 2021, the gains and losses recognized in other non-operating items, net are a loss of $33 million for derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments. For 2020, the Company recognized a gain of $19 million in other non-derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments. For 2019, the Company recognized a gain of $4 million in other non-operating items, net for derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments. The realized part of the losses referred to above are reported under financing activities in the statement of cash flows. For 2021, 2020 and 2019, the gains and losses recognized as interest expense were immaterial.

<table><tr><td rowspan="3">(Dollars in millions)</td><td colspan="4">DECEMBER 31, 2021</td><td colspan="4">DECEMBER 31, 2020</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Fair Value Measurements</td><td rowspan="2">Derivative asset (Other current assets)</td><td rowspan="2">Derivative liability (Other current liabilities)</td><td colspan="2">Fair Value Measurements</td><td rowspan="2">Derivative asset (Other current assets)</td><td rowspan="2">Derivative liability (Other current liabilities)</td></tr><tr><td>Nominal volume</td><td></td><td>Nominal volume</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DERIVATIVES NOT DESIGNATED AS HEDGING INSTRUMENTS</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Foreign exchange swaps, less than 6 months</td><td>$ 1,348</td><td>$</td><td>5</td><td>$ 2</td><td>16</td><td>$ 3</td><td>1,463</td><td>$ 25</td><td>$ 3</td></tr><tr><td>TOTAL DERIVATIVES NOT DESIGNATED AS HEDGING INSTRUMENTS</td><td>$ 1,348</td><td>$</td><td>5</td><td>$ 16</td><td>$ 1,463</td><td>$ 25</td><td>$ 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

1) Net nominal amount after deducting for offsetting swaps under ISDA agreements is $1,326 million.

2) Net amount after deducting for offsetting swaps under ISDA agreements is $5 million.

3) Net amount after deducting for offsetting swaps under ISDA agreements is $16 million.

4) Net nominal amount after deducting for offsetting swaps under ISDA agreements is $1,463 million.

5) Net amount after deducting for offsetting swaps under ISDA agreements is $25 million.

6) Net amount after deducting for offsetting swaps under ISDA agreements is $3 million.

## FAIR VALUE OF DEBT

The fair value of long-term debt is determined either from quoted market prices as provided by participants in the secondary market or for long-term debt without quoted market prices, estimated using a discounted cash flow method based on the Company's current borrowing rates for similar types of financing. The fair value and carrying value of debt is summarized in the table below. The Company has determined that each of these fair value measurements of debt reside within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value and carrying value of debt for the continuing operations are summarized in the table below (dollars in millions).

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2">DECEMBER 31, 2021</td><td colspan="2">DECEMBER 31, 2020</td></tr><tr><td>CARRING VALUE \( ^{\dagger} \)</td><td>FAIR VALUE</td><td>CARRING VALUE \( ^{\dagger} \)</td><td>FAIR VALUE</td></tr><tr><td>LONG-TERM DEBT</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bonds</td><td>1,330</td><td>1,400</td><td>1,377</td><td>1,483</td></tr><tr><td>Loans</td><td>332</td><td>347</td><td>733</td><td>753</td></tr><tr><td>Other long-term debt</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>TOTAL</td><td>1,662</td><td>1,747</td><td>2,110</td><td>2,237</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>TOTAL</td><td>1,662</td><td>1,747</td><td>2,110</td><td>2,237</td></tr><tr><td>SHORT-TERM DEBT</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Short-term portion of long-term debt</td><td>332</td><td>333</td><td>275</td><td>279</td></tr><tr><td>Overdrafts and other short-term debt</td><td>14</td><td>14</td><td>27</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td>TOTAL</td><td>$ 346</td><td>$ 348</td><td>$ 302</td><td>$ 305</td></tr></table>

1) Debt as reported in balance sheet.

## ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE ON A NON-RECURRING BASIS

In addition to assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company also has assets and liabilities in its balance sheet that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis including certain long-lived assets, including equity method investments, goodwill and other intangible assets, typically as it relates to impairment.

The Company has determined that the fair value measurements included in each of these assets and liabilities rely primarily on Company-specific inputs and the Company's assumptions about the use of the assets and settlements of liabilities, as observable inputs are not available. The Company has determined that each of these fair value measurements reside within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. To determine the fair value of long-lived assets as of the reporting date, the Company utilizes the projected cash flows expected to be generated by the long-lived assets, then discounts the future cash flows over the expected life of the long-lived assets.

For the period 2019-2021, the Company did not record any material impairment charges on its long-lived assets for its continuing operations.

## 5. Income Taxes

<table><tr><td>INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES (Dollars in millions)</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>U.S.</td><td>$ (38)</td><td>$ (102)</td><td>$ 67</td></tr><tr><td>Non-U.S.</td><td>652</td><td>393</td><td>582</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$ 614</td><td>$ 291</td><td>$ 648</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES (Dollars in millions)</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>U.S. Federal</td><td>$ 8</td><td>$ (41)</td><td>$ 19</td></tr><tr><td>Non-U.S.</td><td>191</td><td>169</td><td>178</td></tr><tr><td>U.S. state and local</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>U.S. federal</td><td>(8)</td><td>(6)</td><td>(3)</td></tr><tr><td>Non-U.S.</td><td>(10)</td><td>(17)</td><td>(13)</td></tr><tr><td>U.S. state and local</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td>Total income tax expense</td><td>$ 177</td><td>$ 103</td><td>$ 186</td></tr><tr><td>EFFECTIVE INCOME TAX RATE (%)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>U.S. federal income tax rate</td><td>21.0 %</td><td>21.0 %</td><td>21.0 %</td></tr><tr><td>Non-Deductible Expenses</td><td>(0.1)</td><td>3.0</td><td>0.3</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign tax rate variances</td><td>3.1</td><td>8.4</td><td>4.1</td></tr><tr><td>Tax credits</td><td>(2.2)</td><td>(3.2)</td><td>(1.7)</td></tr><tr><td>Current year losses with no benefit</td><td>0.1</td><td>7.1</td><td>0.2</td></tr><tr><td>Net operating loss carry-forwards</td><td>(0.2)</td><td>—</td><td>(0.1)</td></tr><tr><td>Changes in tax reserves</td><td>0.6</td><td>1.7</td><td>1.7</td></tr><tr><td>Provision to Return</td><td>(0.2)</td><td>(8.8)</td><td>(2.3)</td></tr><tr><td>Earnings of equity investments</td><td>(0.1)</td><td>(0.2)</td><td>(0.1)</td></tr><tr><td>Withholding taxes</td><td>4.5</td><td>8.5</td><td>2.4</td></tr><tr><td>State taxes, net of federal benefit</td><td>(0.5)</td><td>(0.7)</td><td>0.4</td></tr><tr><td>Tax Audits</td><td>0.6</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.0</td></tr><tr><td>U.S. FDII Deduction</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>(0.5)</td></tr><tr><td>U.S. GIL Tax</td><td>1.1</td><td>—</td><td>1.8</td></tr><tr><td>Other, net</td><td>1.2</td><td>(1.5)</td><td>1.4</td></tr><tr><td>Effective income tax rate</td><td>28.9 %</td><td>35.3 %</td><td>28.6 %</td></tr></table>



Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. On December 31, 2021, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards (NOL's) of approximately $344 million, of which approximately $340 million have no expiration date. The remaining losses expire on various dates through 2025. The Company also has $25 million of U.S. Foreign Tax Credit carry forwards, which begin to expire in 2026.

Valuation allowances have been established which partially offset the related deferred assets. Such allowances are primarily provided against NOL's of companies that have perennially incurred losses, as well as the NOL's of companies that are start-up operations and have not established a pattern of profitability. The Company assesses all available evidence, both positive and negative, to determine the amount of any required valuation allowance.

The foreign tax rate variance reflects the fact that approximately two-thirds of the Company's non-U.S. pre-tax income is generated by business operations located in tax jurisdictions where the tax rate is between 20-30%. The tax rate from quarter to quarter and from year to year is also impacted by the mix of earnings and tax rates in various jurisdictions compared to the same periods or prior years.

The Company has reserves for income taxes that may become payable in future periods as a result of tax audits. These reserves represent the Company's best estimate of the potential liability for tax exposures. Inherent uncertainties exist in estimates of tax exposures due to changes in tax law, both legislated and concluded through the various jurisdictions' court systems. The Company files income tax returns in the United States federal jurisdiction, and various states and non-U.S. jurisdictions.

At any given time, the Company is undergoing tax audits in several tax jurisdictions, covering multiple years. The Company is no longer subject to income tax examination by the U.S. Federal tax authorities for years prior to 2015. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to income tax examination by U.S. state or local tax authorities or by non-U.S. tax authorities for years before 2010. The Company is undergoing tax audits in several non-U.S. jurisdictions and several U.S. state jurisdictions, covering multiple years. As of December 31, 2021, as a result of those tax examinations, the Company is not aware of any proposed income tax adjustments that would have a material impact on the Company's financial statements, however, other audits could result in additional increases or decreases to the unrecognized tax benefits in some future period or periods.

The Company recognizes interest and potential penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had recorded $46 million for unrecognized tax benefits related to prior years, including $10 million of accrued interest and penalties. During 2021, the Company recorded a net decrease of $2 million to income tax reserves for unrecognized tax benefits related to tax positions taken in prior years. Also during 2021, the Company recorded a net increase of $5 million to income tax reserves for unrecognized tax benefits based on tax positions taken in the current year.

The Company had $11 million accrued for the payment of interest and penalties as of December 31, 2021. Of the total unrecognized tax benefits of $49 million recorded at December 31, 2021, $15 million is classified as current income tax payable, and $34 million is classified as non-current tax payable included in Other Non-Current Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Substantially all of these reserves would impact the effective tax rate if released into income. The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company's unrecognized tax benefits (dollars in millions):

<table><tr><td>UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year</td><td>$ 63</td><td>$ 59</td><td>$ 50</td></tr><tr><td>Increases as a result of tax positions taken during a prior period</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Increases as a result of tax positions taken during the current period</td><td>5</td><td>4</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>Decreases as a result of tax positions taken during the current period</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Decreases relating to settlements with taxing authorities</td><td>(4)</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Decreases resulting from the lapse of the applicable statute of limitations</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td>Translation Difference</td><td>(1)</td><td>(0)</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Total unrecognized tax benefits at end of year</td><td>$ 65</td><td>$ 63</td><td>$ 59</td></tr></table>

The tax effect of temporary differences and carryforwards that comprise significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows (dollars in millions).

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="3">December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Assets</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Provisions</td><td>$ 136</td><td>$ 141</td><td>$ 105</td></tr><tr><td>Costs capitalized for tax</td><td>29</td><td>21</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>Property, plant and equipment</td><td>0</td><td>5</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Retirement Plans</td><td>46</td><td>59</td><td>61</td></tr><tr><td>Tax receivables, principally NOL&#x27;s</td><td>109</td><td>110</td><td>94</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred tax assets before allowances</td><td>320</td><td>336</td><td>295</td></tr><tr><td>Valuation allowances</td><td>(59)</td><td>(68)</td><td>(61)</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$ 261</td><td>$ 268</td><td>$ 234</td></tr><tr><td>Liabilities</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acquired intangibles</td><td>$ 0</td><td>$ (2)</td><td>$ (4)</td></tr><tr><td>Statutory tax allowances</td><td>(6)</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td></tr><tr><td>Distribution taxes</td><td>(6)</td><td>(15)</td><td>(15)</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>(3)</td><td>(4)</td><td>(7)</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>(15)</td><td>(21)</td><td>(26)</td></tr><tr><td>Net deferred tax asset</td><td>$ 246</td><td>$ 247</td><td>$ 208</td></tr></table>

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company's valuation allowances (dollars in millions):

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="3">December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Allowances at beginning of year</td><td>$ 68</td><td>$ 61</td><td>$ 71</td></tr><tr><td>Benefits reserved current year</td><td>5</td><td>14</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Benefits recognized current year</td><td>(9)</td><td>(1)</td><td>(11)</td></tr><tr><td>Translation difference</td><td>(5)</td><td>(6)</td><td>(4)</td></tr><tr><td>Allowances at end of year</td><td>$ 59</td><td>$ 68</td><td>$ 61</td></tr></table>



## 6. Receivables

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(Dollars in millions)</td><td colspan="3">December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Receivables</td><td>$ 1,707</td><td>$ 1,831</td><td>$ 1,632</td></tr><tr><td>Allowance for credit loss at beginning of year</td><td>$ (12)</td><td>$ (9)</td><td>$ (7)</td></tr><tr><td>Reversal of (addition to) allowance</td><td>(0)</td><td>(4)</td><td>(4)</td></tr><tr><td>Write-off against allowance</td><td>4</td><td>1</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Translation difference</td><td>1</td><td>(1)</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Allowance for credit loss at end of year</td><td>$ (8)</td><td>$ (12)</td><td>$ (9)</td></tr><tr><td>Total receivables, net of allowance</td><td>$ 1,699</td><td>$ 1,820</td><td>$ 1,624</td></tr></table>

## 7. Inventories

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(Dollars in millions)</td><td colspan="3">December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Raw material</td><td>$ 395</td><td>$ 379</td><td>$ 366</td></tr><tr><td>Work in progress</td><td>283</td><td>292</td><td>257</td></tr><tr><td>Finished products</td><td>190</td><td>220</td><td>200</td></tr><tr><td>Inventories</td><td>$ 868</td><td>$ 891</td><td>$ 824</td></tr><tr><td>Inventory reserve at beginning of year</td><td>$ (93)</td><td>(83)</td><td>(85)</td></tr><tr><td>Reversal of (addition to) reserve</td><td>(3)</td><td>(3)</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>Translation difference</td><td>5</td><td>(6)</td><td>(5)</td></tr><tr><td>Inventory reserve at end of year</td><td>$ (91)</td><td>$ (93)</td><td>$ (83)</td></tr><tr><td>Total inventories, net of reserve</td><td>$ 777</td><td>$ 798</td><td>$ 741</td></tr></table>

## 8. Other Non-Current Assets

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(Dollars in millions)</td><td colspan="3">December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Equity method investments</td><td>$ 11</td><td>$ 9</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Deferred tax assets</td><td>271</td><td>281</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Income tax receivables</td><td>20</td><td>28</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Insurance receivables</td><td>127</td><td>105</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other non-current assets</td><td>51</td><td>44</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total other non-current assets</td><td>$ 481</td><td>$ 466</td><td></td></tr></table>

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had one equity method investment. The Company has ownership of 49% in Autoliv-Hirotaka Safety Sdn, Bhd (parent and subsidiaries) in Malaysia which it currently does not control, but in which it exercises significant influence over operations and financial position.

## 9. Property, Plant and Equipment

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(Dollars in millions)</td><td colspan="3">December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>Estimated life</td></tr><tr><td>Land and land improvements</td><td>$ 147</td><td>$ 121</td><td>n/a to 15</td></tr><tr><td>Buildings</td><td>957</td><td>962</td><td>20-40</td></tr><tr><td>Machinery and equipment</td><td>4,193</td><td>4,208</td><td>3-12</td></tr><tr><td>Construction in progress</td><td>354</td><td>314</td><td>n/a</td></tr><tr><td>Property, plant and equipment</td><td>$ 5,651</td><td>$ 5,605</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Less accumulated depreciation</td><td>(3,796)</td><td>(3,736)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net of depreciation</td><td>$ 1,855</td><td>$ 1,869</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DEPRECIATION INCLUDED IN</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Cost of sales</td><td>$ 348</td><td>$ 327</td><td>$ 307</td></tr><tr><td>Selling, general and administrative expenses</td><td>13</td><td>13</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td>Research, development and engineering expenses, net</td><td>23</td><td>21</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$ 384</td><td>$ 361</td><td>$ 339</td></tr></table>

No significant fixed asset impairments related to the Company's continuing operations were recognized during 2021, 2020 or 2019.

The net book value of machinery and equipment and buildings and land under finance lease contracts recorded at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were immaterial. The amortization expense related to finance leases is included with depreciation expenses disclosed in the table above.

## 10. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

<table><tr><td>GOODWILL (Dollars in millions)</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>Carrying amount at beginning of year</td><td>$ 1,398</td><td>$ 1,388</td></tr><tr><td>Translation differences</td><td>(11)</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Carrying amount at end of year</td><td>$ 1,387</td><td>$ 1,398</td></tr></table>

Approximately $1.2 billion of the Company's goodwill is associated with the 1997 merger of Autoliv AB and the Automotive Safety Products Division of Morton International, Inc. No goodwill impairment charges were recognized during 2021, 2020 or 2019.

<table><tr><td>AMORTIZABLE INTANGIBLES (Dollars in millions)</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>Gross carrying amount</td><td>$ 398</td><td>$ 407</td></tr><tr><td>Accumulated amortization</td><td>(390)</td><td>(393)</td></tr><tr><td>Carrying value</td><td>$ 8</td><td>$ 14</td></tr></table>

At December 31, 2021, intangible assets subject to amortization mainly relate to acquired technology. No significant impairments of intangible assets were recognized during 2021, 2020 or 2019.

Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $10 million, $10 million and $12 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Estimated future amortization expense is: 2022: $3 million; 2023: $3 million; 2024: $2 million; 2025: $— million and 2026: $— million.



## 11. Restructuring

Restructuring provisions are made on a case-by-case basis and primarily include severance costs incurred in connection with headcount reductions and plant consolidations. Restructuring costs other than employee related costs are immaterial for all periods presented and are included in the table below. The Company expects to finance restructuring programs over the next several years through cash generated from its ongoing operations or through cash available under its existing credit facilities. The Company does not expect that the execution of these programs will have an adverse impact on its liquidity position. The changes in the employee-related reserves have been charged against Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The restructuring reserve balance is included within Accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

<table><tr><td>(Dollars in millions)</td><td colspan="2">2021</td><td colspan="2">2020</td><td colspan="2">2019</td></tr><tr><td>Reserve at beginning of the period</td><td>$</td><td>126</td><td>$</td><td>56</td><td>$</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><td>Provision - charge</td><td>$</td><td>39</td><td>$</td><td>109</td><td>$</td><td>57</td></tr><tr><td>Provision - reversal</td><td>$</td><td>(31)</td><td>$</td><td>(10)</td><td>$</td><td>(3)</td></tr><tr><td>Cash payments</td><td>$</td><td>(37)</td><td>$</td><td>(38)</td><td>$</td><td>(30)</td></tr><tr><td>Translation difference</td><td>$</td><td>(8)</td><td>$</td><td>9</td><td>$</td><td>(1)</td></tr><tr><td>Reserve at end of the period</td><td>$</td><td>88</td><td>$</td><td>126</td><td>$</td><td>56</td></tr></table>

As of December 31, 2021, approximately $15 million out of the $88 million in total reserve balance can be attributed to the structural efficiency program initiated in the second quarter of 2020. This program is expected to be concluded in 2022. Approximately $52 million of the total reserve balance can be attributed to footprint optimization activities in Europe, initiated in the third quarter of 2020 and expected to be concluded in 2023, and in Asia, initiated in the fourth quarter of 2021 and expected to be concluded in 2022.

The restructuring charges in 2021 of $39 million mainly relates to footprint optimization activities primarily in Asia. Reversals are mainly related to the structural efficiency program initiated in the second quarter of 2020. Cash payments in 2021 are related to the structural efficiency program initiated in the second quarter of 2020 and other footprint activities.

The restructuring charges in 2020 of $109 million, mainly related to the structural efficiency program initiated in the second quarter of 2020 in the Americas and Europe, and footprint optimization activities in Europe initiated in the third quarter of 2020. Cash payments in 2020 mainly related to the structural efficiency program initiated in 2019.

The restructuring charges in 2019 of $57 million mainly related to the structural efficiency program initiated in the second quarter of 2019. Cash payments in 2019 mainly related to the structural efficiency program initiated in 2019.

## 12. Product Related Liabilities

Autoliv is exposed to product liability and warranty claims in the event that the Company's products fail to perform as represented and such failure results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury, and/or property damage or other losses. The Company has reserves for product risks. Such reserves are related to product performance issues including recall, product liability and warranty issues. For further information, see Note 17.

The Company records liabilities for product related risks when probable claims are identified and when it is possible to reasonably estimate costs. Changes in reserve for warranty claims are estimated based on prior experience, likely changes in performance of newer products, and the mix and volume of the products sold. The changes in reserve are recorded on an accrual basis.

Pursuant to the Spin-off Agreements, Autoliv is also required to indemnify Veoneer for recalls related to certain qualified Electronics products. At December 31, 2021, the reserves for indemnification liabilities were approximately $9 million and were included within accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Of the cash payments in 2021 the main part was related to the previously disclosed "Toyota Recall" issue. In 2020, the change in reserve mainly related to recall related issues, whereof the "Toyota Recall" represented the major recall issue. In 2019, the change in the reserve mainly related to other recall and warranty related issues. In 2020 and 2019, cash payments primarily relate to recall and warranty related issues. The reserve for product related liabilities is included in accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

A majority of the Company's recall related issues as of December 31, 2021 are covered by insurance. Insurance receivables are included within other current and non-current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had total insurance receivables related to recall issues of $138 million ($343 million as of December 31, 2020).

The table below summarizes the change in the balance sheet position of the product related liabilities (dollars in millions).

<table><tr><td>(Dollars in millions)</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Reserve at beginning of the year</td><td>$ 341</td><td>$ 72</td><td>$ 62</td></tr><tr><td>Change in reserve</td><td>49</td><td>304</td><td>39</td></tr><tr><td>Cash payments</td><td>(245)</td><td>(36)</td><td>(29)</td></tr><tr><td>Translation difference</td><td>(1)</td><td>1</td><td>(0)</td></tr><tr><td>Reserve at end of the year</td><td>$ 144</td><td>$ 341</td><td>$ 72</td></tr></table>

## 13. Debt and Credit Agreements

## SHORT-TERM DEBT

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, total short-term debt was $346 million and $302 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, short-term debt consisted mainly of a $332 million (SEK 3,000 million) loan from Swedish Export Credit Corporation.

The Company's subsidiaries have credit agreements, principally in the form of overdraft facilities with several local banks. Total available short-term facilities as of December 31, 2021, excluding commercial paper facilities as described below, amounted to $428 million, of which approximately $14 million was utilized. The weighted average interest rate on total short-term debt outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020, excluding the short-term portion of long-term debt, was 2% and 3%, respectively.

## LONG-TERM DEBT

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, total long-term debt was $1,662 million and $2,110 million, respectively.

In June 2020 the Company utilized its new SEK 6,000 million facility with Swedish Export Credit Corporation which was signed in May 2020. The SEK 6,000 million facility was utilized in two different loans. One SEK 3,000 million loan maturing in 2022 carrying a floating interest rate of 3M STIBOR +1.35% and one SEK 3,000 million loan maturing in 2025 carrying a floating interest rate of 3M STIBOR +1.85%.

In June 2018, the Company also issued €500 million of 5-year notes in the Eurobond market. The notes carry a coupon of 0.75%.

In 2014, the Company issued long-term debt securities in a U.S. Private Placement. As of December 31, 2021 the total long-term debt outstanding from the 2014 issuance of $767 million consisted of: $297 million aggregate principal amount of 10-year senior notes with an interest rate of 4.09%; $285 million aggregate principal amount of 12-year senior notes with an interest rate of 4.24%; and $185 million aggregate principal amount of 15-year senior notes with an interest rate of 4.44%.

## CREDIT FACILITIES

In July 2016, the Company signed a $1,100 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility with 14 banks. The term of the facility was 5 years with two one-year extension options. The Company has utilized these extension options and extended the maturity to July 2023. The Company pays a commitment fee on the undrawn amount. The commitment fee is 35% of the applicable margin. The applicable margin is related to the Company's credit rating. Given the Company's current credit rating of BBB from S&P Global Ratings, the applicable margin is 0.375%. As of December 31, 2021, the facility was not utilized.

The Company has a €3,000 million Euro Medium Term Note Program in place for being able to issue notes to be traded on the Global Exchange Market of Euronext Dublin. At December 31, 2021, no notes had been issued under this program.

The Company has two commercial paper programs: one SEK 7 billion (approx. $774 million) Swedish program and a $1 billion U.S. program. At December 31, 2021 no commercial papers have been issued under these programs.

The Company is not subject to any financial covenants, i.e. performance related restrictions, in any of its significant long-term borrowings or commitments.

## CREDIT RISK

In the Company's financial operations, credit risk arises in connection with cash deposits with banks and when entering into forward exchange agreements, swap contracts or other financial instruments. In order to reduce this risk, deposits and financial instruments are only entered with a limited number of banks up to a calculated risk amount of $200 million per bank for banks rated A- or above and up to $50 million for banks rated BBB+. The policy of the Company is to work with banks that have a strong credit rating and that participate in the Company's financing. In addition to this, deposits of up to an aggregate amount of $2 billion can be placed in U.S. and Swedish government paper and in certain AAA rated money market funds. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had placed $579 million in money market funds.

The table below shows debt maturity as cash flow. For a description of hedging instruments used as part of debt management, see the Financial Instruments section of Note 2 and Note 4.

## DEBT PROFILE

<table><tr><td>PRINCIPAL AMOUNT BY EXPECTED MATURITY (dollars in millions)</td><td>2022</td><td>2023</td><td>2024</td><td>2025</td><td>2026</td><td>Thereafter</td><td>Total long-term</td></tr><tr><td>Bonds</td><td>$ —</td><td>$ 565</td><td>$ 297</td><td>$ —</td><td>$ 285</td><td>$ 185</td><td>$ 1,332</td></tr><tr><td>Loans</td><td>332</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>332</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>332</td></tr><tr><td>Commercial papers</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Other short-term debt</td><td>14</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>14</td></tr><tr><td>Total principal amount</td><td>$ 346</td><td>$ 565</td><td>$ 297</td><td>$ 332</td><td>$ 285</td><td>$ 185</td><td>$ 1,664</td></tr></table>

1) The difference between reported total debt and total principal amount is mainly related to capitalized debt issuance costs.



## 14. Shareholders' Equity

The number of shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021 was 87,483,781.

<table><tr><td>DIVIDENDS</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Cash dividend paid per share</td><td>$ 1.88</td><td>$ 0.62</td><td>$ 2.48</td></tr><tr><td>Cash dividend declared per share</td><td>$ 1.88</td><td>$ —</td><td>$ 2.48</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td>OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS / ENDING BALANCE \( ^{(1)} \)  (Dollars in millions)</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Cumulative translation adjustments</td><td>$ (355)</td><td>$ (269)</td><td>$ (365)</td></tr><tr><td>Net pension liability</td><td>(52)</td><td>(78)</td><td>(84)</td></tr><tr><td>Total (ending balance)</td><td>$ (408)</td><td>$ (343)</td><td>$ (479)</td></tr></table>

Deferred taxes on the pension liability

1) The components of Other Comprehensive Loss are net of any related income tax effects.

## SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAM

On December 31, 2021, the stock repurchase program authorized by the Board of Directors in 2014 expired with approximately 3 million shares remaining. In November 2021, the Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase program that authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $1.5 billion or up to 17 million shares (whichever comes first) between January 2022 and the end of 2024.

## 15. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Payments for interest and income taxes were as follows:

<table><tr><td>(Dollars in millions)</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Interest</td><td>$ 60</td><td>$ 73</td><td>$ 72</td></tr><tr><td>Income taxes</td><td>207</td><td>104</td><td>192</td></tr></table>

## 16. Stock Incentive Plan

Eligible employees and non-employee directors of Autoliv participate in the Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and received Autoliv stock-based awards which include stock options (SOs), restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance shares (PSUs).

The fair value of the RSUs and PSUs is calculated as the grant date fair value of the shares expected to be issued. The RSUs and PSUs granted in 2021, 2020 and 2019 entitle the grantee to receive dividend equivalents in the form of additional RSUs subject to the same vesting conditions as the underlying RSUs and PSUs. For the grants made during 2021, 2020 and 2019, the fair value of a RSU and a PSU was calculated by using the closing stock price on the grant date. The grant date fair value during 2021 was approximately $6 million for the RSUs and approximately $6 million for the PSUs.

Under the compensation policy approved in 2020, the Company's non-employee directors receive RSUs equivalent to approximately 54% of their annual base retainer except for the Chairman of the Board of Directors who also receives 50% of his Non-Executive Chairman supplemental retainer in RSUs. All RSUs vest in one installment on the earlier of the next AGM or the first anniversary of the grant date, in each case subject to the grantee's continued service as a non-employee director on the vesting date with limited exceptions. The RSUs granted to the Company's non-employee directors entitle the grantee to receive dividend equivalents in the form of additional RSUs subject to the same vesting conditions as the underlying RSUs. The grant date fair value for the RSUs granted in 2021 to the Company's non-employee directors was approximately $1 million.

The source of the shares issued upon vesting of awards is generally from treasury shares. The Stock Incentive Plan provides for the issuance of up to 9,585,055 common shares for awards. At December 31, 2021, 6,812,805 of these shares have been issued for awards which includes 93,455 shares of common stock issued to non-employee directors in satisfaction of all or a portion of his or her annual base retainer for service on the Board. Included within the RSUs granted in 2021 are 15,530 RSUs issued to non-employee directors in satisfaction of all or a portion of his or her annual base retainer for service on the Board.

In 2015 and earlier, stock awards were granted in the form of SOs and RSUs. All SOs were granted for 10-year terms, had an exercise price equal to the fair value of the share at the date of grant, and became exercisable after one year of continued employment following the grant date. The average grant date fair values of SOs were calculated using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The Company used historical exercise data for determining the expected life assumption. Expected volatility was based on historical and implied volatility.

The Company recorded approximately $10 million, $12 million and $8 million stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs and PSUs for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The total compensation cost related to non-vested awards not yet recognized is $13 million for RSUs and PSUs and the weighted average period over which this cost is expected to be recognized is approximately 1.7 years. There are no remaining unrecognized compensation costs associated with SOs.

Information on the number of RSUs, PSUs and SOs related to the Stock Incentive Plan during the period of 2019 to 2021 is as follows.

<table><tr><td>RSUs</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted average fair value at grant date</td><td>$ 94.01</td><td>$ 69.58</td><td>$ 76.85</td></tr><tr><td>Outstanding at beginning of year</td><td>244,901</td><td>255,195</td><td>262,074</td></tr><tr><td>Granted</td><td>81,866</td><td>115,500</td><td>109,653</td></tr><tr><td>Shares issued</td><td>(99,399)</td><td>(105,750)</td><td>(86,086)</td></tr><tr><td>Canceled/Forfeited/Expired</td><td>(9,100)</td><td>(20,044)</td><td>(39,440)</td></tr><tr><td>Outstanding at end of year</td><td>218,268</td><td>244,901</td><td>255,195</td></tr></table>

The aggregate intrinsic value for RSUs outstanding at December 31, 2021 was approximately $16 million.

<table><tr><td>PSUs</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted average fair value at grant date</td><td>$ 93.90</td><td>$ 69.86</td><td>$ 77.00</td></tr><tr><td>Outstanding at beginning of year</td><td>158,128</td><td>76,321</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Change in performance conditions</td><td>(44,385)</td><td>23,998</td><td>12,530</td></tr><tr><td>Granted</td><td>74,427</td><td>75,940</td><td>66,542</td></tr><tr><td>Canceled/Forfeited/Expired</td><td>(8,859)</td><td>(18,131)</td><td>(2,751)</td></tr><tr><td>Outstanding at end of year</td><td>179,311</td><td>158,128</td><td>76,321</td></tr></table>

The PSUs granted include assumptions regarding the ultimate number of shares that will be issued based on the probability of achievement of the performance conditions. Changes in those assumptions result in changes in the estimated shares to be issued which is reflected in the "Change in performance conditions" line above.



<table><tr><td></td><td>Number of options</td><td>Weighted average exercise price</td></tr><tr><td>SOs</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Outstanding at December 31, 2018</td><td>142,074</td><td>$ 63.43</td></tr><tr><td>Exercised</td><td>(20,928)</td><td>42.11</td></tr><tr><td>Spin conversion  \( {}^{1)} \)</td><td>(5,271)</td><td>80.40</td></tr><tr><td>Outstanding at December 31, 2019</td><td>115,875</td><td>66.70</td></tr><tr><td>Exercised</td><td>(14,238)</td><td>55.55</td></tr><tr><td>Cancelled/Forfeited/Expired</td><td>(11,462)</td><td>69.25</td></tr><tr><td>Outstanding at December 31, 2020</td><td>90,175</td><td>68.13</td></tr><tr><td>Exercised</td><td>(40,112)</td><td>67.49</td></tr><tr><td>Cancelled/Forfeited/Expired</td><td>(188)</td><td>51.74</td></tr><tr><td>Outstanding at December 31, 2021</td><td>49,875</td><td>68.71</td></tr></table>

 \( ^{1)} \)  Reflects the cancellation of SOs outstanding as of the Distribution Date, and the conversion to new awards in accordance with the conversion factor 1.41. The weighted average exercise price reflects the exercise price of the shares cancelled due to the/oneer spin-off.

The following summarizes information about SOs outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2021:

<table><tr><td></td><td>Number outstanding &amp; exercisable</td><td>Remaining contract life (in years)</td><td>Weighted average exercise price</td></tr><tr><td>RANGE OF EXERCISE PRICES</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>$47.52</td><td>4,435</td><td>0.14</td><td>$47.52</td></tr><tr><td>$49.07</td><td>8,113</td><td>1.14</td><td>49.07</td></tr><tr><td>$67.29</td><td>13,961</td><td>2.14</td><td>67.29</td></tr><tr><td>$80.40</td><td>23,366</td><td>3.13</td><td>80.40</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>49,875</td><td>2.26</td><td>68.71</td></tr></table>

The total aggregate intrinsic value, which is the difference between the exercise price and $103.41 (closing price per share at December 31, 2021), for all “in the money” SOs, both outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2021, was approximately $2 million.

## 17. Contingent Liabilities

## LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Various claims, lawsuits and proceedings are pending or threatened against the Company or its subsidiaries, covering a range of matters that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities with respect to commercial, product liability and other matters. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of any litigation cannot be assured. After discussions with counsel, and with the exception of losses resulting from the antitrust proceedings described below, it is the opinion of management that the various legal proceedings and investigations to which the Company currently is a party will not have a material adverse impact on the consolidated financial position of Autoliv, but the Company cannot provide assurance that Autoliv will not experience material litigation, product liability or other losses in the future.

## ANTITRUST MATTERS

Authorities in several jurisdictions have conducted broad, and in some cases, long-running investigations of suspected anti-competitive behavior among parts suppliers in the global automotive vehicle industry. These investigations included, but are not limited to, the products that the Company sells. In addition to concluded matters, authorities of other countries with significant light vehicle manufacturing or sales may initiate similar investigations.

## PRODUCT WARRANTY, RECALLS AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Autoliv is exposed to various claims for damages and compensation if its products fail to perform as expected. Such claims can be made, and result in costs and other losses to the Company, even where the product is eventually found to have functioned properly. Where a product (actually or allegedly) fails to perform as expected or is defective, the Company may face warranty and recall claims. Where such (actual or alleged) failure or defect results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury and/or property damage, the Company may also face product liability and other claims. There can be no assurance that the Company will not experience material warranty, recall or product (or other) liability claims or losses in the future, or that the Company will not incur significant costs to defend against such claims. The Company may be required to participate in a recall involving its products. Each vehicle manufacturer has its own practices regarding product recalls and other product liability actions relating to its suppliers. As suppliers become more integrally involved in the vehicle design process and assume more of the vehicle assembly functions, vehicle manufacturers are increasingly looking to their suppliers for contribution when faced with recalls and product liability claims. Government safety regulators may also play a role in warranty and recall practices. Recall decisions regarding the Company's products may require a significant amount of judgment by us, our customers and safety regulators and are influenced by a variety of factors. Once a recall has been made, the cost of a recall is also subject to a significant amount of judgment and discussions between the Company and its customers. A warranty, recall or product-liability claim brought against the Company in excess of its insurance may have a material adverse effect on the Company's business. Vehicle manufacturers are also increasingly requiring their outside suppliers to guarantee or warrant their products and bear the costs of repair and replacement of such products under new vehicle warranties. Any vehicle manufacturer may attempt to hold the Company responsible for some, or all, of the repair or replacement costs of products when the product supplied did not perform as represented by us or expected by the customer in either a warranty or a recall situation. Accordingly, the future costs of warranty or recall claims by the customers may be material. However, the Company believes its established reserves are adequate. Autoliv's warranty reserves are based upon the Company's best estimates of amounts reasonably expected to be realized in the future. The Company regularly evaluates the adequacy of these reserves, and any adjustments to them where appropriate. However, the final amounts actually due related to these matters could differ materially from the Company's recorded estimates.

In addition, as vehicle manufacturers increasingly use global platforms and procedures, quality performance evaluations are also conducted on a global basis. Any one or more quality, warranty or other recall issue(s) (including those affecting few units and/or having a small financial impact) may cause a vehicle manufacturer to implement measures such as a temporary or prolonged suspension of new orders, which may have a material impact on the Company's results of operations.

The Company maintains a program of insurance, which may include commercial insurance, self-insurance, or a combination of both approaches, for potential recall and product liability claims in amounts and on terms that it believes are reasonable and prudent based on our prior claims experience. The Company's insurance policies generally include coverage of the costs of a recall, although costs related to replacement parts are generally not covered. In addition, a number of the agreements entered into by the Company, including the Spin-off Agreements, require Autoliv to indemnify the other parties for certain claims. Autoliv cannot assure that the level of coverage will be sufficient to cover every possible claim that can arise in our businesses or with respect to other obligations, now or in the future, or that such coverage always will be available should we, now or in the future, wish to extend, increase or otherwise adjust our insurance.

As noted in Note 12 above, as of December 31, 2021, the Company has accrued $144 million for total product related liabilities. The majority of the total product liability accrual as of December 31, 2021, relates to recalls, which are generally covered by insurance. Insurance receivables for such recall related liabilities total $138 million as of December 31, 2021.



## Product Liability:

On September 18, 2014, Jamie Andrews filed a wrongful death products liability suit against several Autoliv entities stemming from a fatal car accident in 2013 where the plaintiff's husband was fatally injured. The lawsuit alleges that Autoliv should be liable for a defectively-designed driver seatbelt. The case was removed to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. The suit originally included Bosch and Mazda entities as well, but these entities were dismissed pursuant to confidential settlement agreements with the plaintiff, and all of the Autoliv entities except Autoliv Japan Ltd. were also dismissed. On January 10, 2017, the District Court entered an order granting summary judgment in favor of Autoliv, concluding that Autoliv was not actively involved in the design of Mr. Andrews's seatbelt and, therefore, should not be liable for plaintiff's claims as a matter of law. However, on appeal, the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the decision, holding that, under Georgia's products liability statute, Autoliv could be liable for a design defect associated with the seatbelt, regardless of its level of involvement in the seatbelt's ultimate design, because Autoliv manufactured it. On October 4, 2021, the case proceeded to a bench trial before the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. On December 31, 2021, the District Court entered a Final Order and Judgment concluding that Mr. Andrews's seatbelt was defectively designed and Autoliv was strictly liable for the design. In doing so, the District Court concluded that Mr. Andrews had incurred $27,019,343 in compensatory damages, but only ordered Autoliv to pay 50 percent of that amount, $13,509,671 after finding that 50 percent of the fault for Mr. Andrews's damages should be apportioned to Mazda. The Court declined to apportion any fault for Mr. Andrews's damages to Mr. Andrews or Bosch. The District Court also entered an award of punitive damages against Autoliv in the amount of $100,000,000. The plaintiff has since filed a post-trial motion asking the District Court to hold Autoliv liable for the entire amount of compensatory damages ($27,019,343), not just $13,509,671. The plaintiff has also requested pre-judgment interest on the damages awards plus attorneys' fees and costs. Autoliv plans to oppose these requests.

The Company believes the District Court’s verdict was in error, including the grossly high punitive damages award, and has filed a post-trial motion with the District Court asking for reconsideration of the verdict. To the extent its post-trial motion is denied, the Company also plans to appeal the verdict.

The Company has determined that a loss with respect to this litigation is probable and has in the fourth quarter of 2021 accrued $14 million pursuant to ASC 450. The accrual is reflected in the total product liability accrual at December 31, 2021. This amount reflects the low end of the range of a probable loss of $14 million to $14 million. The accrual reflects the Company's best estimate of the probable loss based on currently available information and does not include any amount for the punitive damages. It is reasonably possible that the Company may have to pay the entire damages awarded by the District Court. The Company believes that its insurance should cover all of the types of damages awarded by the District Court, and has therefore recognized a receivable, included within Other non-current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2021, for the expected insurance proceeds. However, the extent of the Company's insurance coverage for punitive damages in this matter is uncertain and may be less than all of such punitive damages ultimately awarded. In the event all or a portion of the punitive damages award survives the Company's post-judgement actions, the Company will continue to engage with our insurance carriers and aggressively pursue all potential recoveries. The ultimate loss to the Company of the litigation matter could be materially different from the amount the Company has accrued. The Company cannot predict or estimate the duration or ultimate outcome of this matter.

## Specific Recalls:

On June 29, 2016, the Company announced that it was cooperating with Toyota Motor Corp. in its recall of approximately 1.4 million vehicles equipped with a certain model of the Company's side curtain airbag (the "Toyota Recall"). The Company determined pursuant to ASC 450 that a loss with respect to the Toyota Recall was probable and accrued an amount that was included in the total product liability accrual in the fourth quarter of 2020. The Company settled and resolved the Toyota Recall on April 27, 2021. The final amount by which the product liability accrual exceeded the product liability insurance receivable was $26 million. The matter is now closed.

In the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company was made aware of a potential recall by one of its customers (the "Unannounced Recall"). The Company continues to evaluate this matter with its customer. The Company determined pursuant to ASC 450 that a loss with respect to the Unannounced Recall is probable and accrued an amount that is reflected in the total product liability accrual in the fourth quarter of 2020 and increased the accrual in the fourth quarter of 2021. The amount by which the product liability accrual exceeds the product liability insurance receivable with respect to the Unannounced Recall is $27 million and includes self-insurance retention costs and deductibles. The ultimate loss to the Company of the Unannounced Recall could be materially different from the amount the Company has accrued.

Volvo Car USA, LLC (together with its affiliates, "Volvo") has recalled approximately 762,000 vehicles relating to the malfunction of inflators produced by ZF (the "ZF Inflator Recall"). The recalled ZF inflators were included in airbag modules supplied by the Company only to Volvo. The recall commenced in November 2020 and later expanded in September 2021. Because the Company's airbags were involved with the ZF Inflator Recall, the Company has determined pursuant to ASC 450 that a loss is reasonably possible with respect to the ZF Inflator Recall. The Company continues to evaluate this matter with Volvo and ZF and no accrual has been made. Although the ZF Inflator Recall. The Company continues to evaluate this matter with Volvo and VF and no accrual has been made. Although the Company currently estimates a range of $10 to $43 million with respect to this potential loss, the Company anticipates that any losses net of insurance claims and claims against ZF will be immaterial.

## Intellectual property:

In its products, the Company utilizes technologies which may be subject to intellectual property rights of third parties. While the Company does seek to procure the necessary rights to utilize intellectual property rights associated with its products, it may fail to do so. Where the Company so fails, the Company may be exposed to material claims from the owners of such rights. Where the Company has sold products which infringe upon such rights, its customers may be entitled to be indemnified by the Company for the claims they suffer as a result thereof. Such claims could be material.

The table in Note 12 Product Related Liabilities above summarizes the change in the balance sheet position of the product related liabilities for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.



## 18. Retirement Plans

## DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLANS

Many of the Company's employees are covered by government sponsored pension and welfare programs. Under the terms of these programs, the Company makes periodic payments to various government agencies. In addition, in some countries the Company sponsors or participates in certain non-governmental defined contribution plans. Contributions to defined contribution plans for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 were $18 million, $15 million and $16 million, respectively.

## MULTIEMPLOYER PLANS

The Company participates in a multimember plan in Sweden. This ITP-2 plan is funded through Alecta and covers employees born before 1979, for whom it provides a final pay pension benefit based on all service with participating employers. The Company must pay for wage increases in excess of inflation on service earned with previous employers. The plan also provides disability and family benefits and is more than 100% funded. The Company's contributions to this multimember plan for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 were $5 million, $4 million and $4 million, respectively.

## DEFINED BENEFIT PLANS

The Company has a number of defined benefit pension plans, both contributory and non-contributory, in the U.S., France, Germany, India, Japan, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, Sweden, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey and the United Kingdom. There are funded as well as unfunded plan arrangements which provide retirement benefits to both U.S. and non-U.S. participants.

The main plan is the U.S. plan for which the benefits are based on an average of the employee's earnings in the years preceding retirement and on credited service. In a prior year, the Company closed participation in the Autoliv ASP, Inc. Pension Plan to exclude those employees hired after December 31, 2003. Within the U.S. there is also a non-qualified restoration plan that provides benefits to employees whose benefits in the primary U.S. plan are restricted by limitations on the compensation that can be considered in calculating their benefits. During December 2017 the Company amended the U.S. defined benefit pension plan, communicating a benefits freeze that will begin on December 31, 2021. Settlement accounting has been triggered because the lump-sum payments made during the year exceeded the sum of service cost and interest cost.

For the Company's non-U.S. defined benefit plans the most significant individual plan is in the U.K. The Company has closed participation in the U.K. defined benefit plan to exclude all employees hired after April 30, 2003 with few members currently accruing benefits.

CHANGES IN BENEFIT OBLIGATIONS AND PLAN ASSETS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2">U.S.</td><td colspan="2">Non-U.S.</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>Benefit obligation at beginning of year</td><td>$ 426</td><td>$ 400</td><td>$ 279</td><td>$ 253</td></tr><tr><td>Service cost</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>12</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>Interest cost</td><td>10</td><td>12</td><td>5</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>Actuarial (gain) loss due to:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Change in discount rate</td><td>(17)</td><td>46</td><td>(22)</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td>Experience</td><td>3</td><td>(5)</td><td>9</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Other assumption changes</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>(11)</td></tr><tr><td>Benefits paid</td><td>(4)</td><td>(4)</td><td>(8)</td><td>(9)</td></tr><tr><td>Plan settlements</td><td>(48)</td><td>(34)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(0)</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>(0)</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Translation difference</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>(16)</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>Benefit obligation at end of year</td><td>$ 381</td><td>$ 426</td><td>$ 260</td><td>$ 279</td></tr><tr><td>Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year</td><td>$ 355</td><td>$ 324</td><td>$ 103</td><td>$ 89</td></tr><tr><td>Actual return on plan assets</td><td>25</td><td>53</td><td>1</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>Company contributions</td><td>15</td><td>17</td><td>11</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Benefits paid</td><td>(4)</td><td>(4)</td><td>(8)</td><td>(9)</td></tr><tr><td>Plan settlements</td><td>(48)</td><td>(34)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(0)</td></tr><tr><td>Translation difference</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>(2)</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Fair value of plan assets at end of year</td><td>$ 343</td><td>$ 355</td><td>$ 101</td><td>$ 103</td></tr><tr><td>Pension liability recognized in the balance sheet</td><td>$ 38</td><td>$ 72</td><td>$ 159</td><td>$ 176</td></tr></table>

The U.S. plan provides that benefits may be paid in the form of a lump sum if so elected by the participant. In order to more accurately reflect a market-derived pension obligation, Autoliv adjusts the assumed lump sum interest rate to reflect market conditions as of each December 31. This methodology is consistent with the approach required under the Pension Protection Act of 2006, which provides the rules for determining minimum funding requirements in the U.S.

## COMPONENTS OF NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEFINED BENEFIT RETIREMENT PLANS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2">U.S.</td><td colspan="2">Non-U.S.</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>Service cost</td><td>$ 8</td><td>$ 8</td><td>$ 12</td><td>$ 11</td></tr><tr><td>Interest cost</td><td>10</td><td>12</td><td>6</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>Expected return on plan assets</td><td>(18)</td><td>(16)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of actuarial loss</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Settlement loss</td><td>5</td><td>7</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Net periodic benefit cost</td><td>$ 7</td><td>$ 13</td><td>$ 10</td><td>$ 10</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="4">Non-U.S.</td></tr><tr><td>(Dollars in millions)</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Service cost</td><td>$ 12</td><td>$ 12</td><td>$ 11</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of prior service costs</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of actuarial loss</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Settlement loss</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Special termination benefits</td><td>—</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net periodic benefit cost</td><td>$ 17</td><td>$ 19</td><td>$ 18</td><td></td></tr></table>

The service cost and amortization of prior service cost components are reported among other employee compensation costs in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The remaining components, interest cost, expected returns on plan assets and amortization of actuarial loss, are reported as Other non-operating items, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Amortization of the net actuarial loss from accumulated other comprehensive income is made over the estimated average remaining lifetime of the plan participants (28 to 32 years) for the U.S. plans, and the estimated average remaining service lives or lifetimes of the plan participants for the non-U.S. plans, the periods varying over a wide range between the different countries depending on the age of the population concerned.

COMPONENTS OF ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS BEFORE TAX AS OF DECEMBER 31

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2">U.S.</td><td colspan="2">Non-U.S.</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>(Dollars in millions)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net actuarial loss</td><td>$ 35</td><td>$ 62</td><td>$ 30</td><td>$ 42</td></tr><tr><td>Prior service cost</td><td>—</td><td>0</td><td>3</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Total accumulated other comprehensive loss</td><td>$ 35</td><td>$ 62</td><td>$ 33</td><td>$ 45</td></tr><tr><td>recognized in the balance sheet</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS BEFORE TAX FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2">U.S.</td><td colspan="2">Non-U.S.</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>(Dollars in millions)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total retirement benefit recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss at beginning of year</td><td>$ 62</td><td>$ 63</td><td>$ 45</td><td>$ 51</td></tr><tr><td>Net actuarial loss (gain)</td><td>(19)</td><td>8</td><td>(8)</td><td>(5)</td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of prior service credit (cost)</td><td>—</td><td>0</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of actuarial loss</td><td>(7)</td><td>(10)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td></tr><tr><td>Translation difference</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>(2)</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Total retirement benefit recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss at end of year</td><td>$ 35</td><td>$ 62</td><td>$ 33</td><td>$ 45</td></tr></table>

The accumulated benefit obligation for the U.S. non-contributory defined benefit pension plans was $381 million and $419 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The accumulated benefit obligation for the non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans was $223 million and $237 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Pension plans for which the accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) is notably in excess of the plan assets reside in the following countries: U.S., Mexico, France, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Sweden, Thailand and Turkey.



## PENSION PLANS FOR WHICH ABO EXCEEDS THE FAIR VALUE OF PLAN ASSETS AS OF DECEMBER 31

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(Dollars in millions)</td><td colspan="2">U.S.</td><td colspan="2">Non-U.S.</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO)</td><td>$ 381</td><td>$ 426</td><td>$ 164</td><td>$ 179</td></tr><tr><td>Accumulated Benefit Obligation (ABO)</td><td>381</td><td>419</td><td>132</td><td>143</td></tr><tr><td>Fair value of plan assets</td><td>343</td><td>355</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr></table>

The Company, in consultation with its actuarial advisors, determines certain key assumptions to be used in calculating the projected benefit obligation and annual net periodic benefit cost.

## ASSUMPTIONS USED TO DETERMINE THE BENEFIT OBLIGATIONS AS OF DECEMBER 31

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(% Weighted average)</td><td colspan="2">U.S.</td><td colspan="2">Non-U.S. \( ^{1} \)</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>Discount rate</td><td>2.77</td><td>2.37</td><td>0.25-3.20</td><td>0.25-2.70</td></tr><tr><td>Rate of increases in compensation level</td><td>2.65</td><td>2.65</td><td>1.80-4.00</td><td>1.80-4.00</td></tr></table>

## ASSUMPTIONS USED TO DETERMINE THE NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(% Weighted average)</td><td colspan="2">U.S.</td><td colspan="2">Non-U.S. \( ^{1} \)</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Discount rate</td><td>2.37</td><td>3.25</td><td>4.35</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rate of increases in compensation level</td><td>2.65</td><td>2.65</td><td>2.65</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Expected long-term rate of return on assets</td><td>5.05</td><td>5.05</td><td>5.05</td><td></td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(% Weighted average)</td><td colspan="2">Non-U.S. \( ^{1} \)</td><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Discount rate</td><td>0.25-2.70</td><td>0.25-2.70</td><td>0.50-3.25</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rate of increases in compensation level</td><td>1.80-4.00</td><td>2.00-5.00</td><td>2.00-5.00</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Expected long-term rate of return on assets</td><td>1.40-2.25</td><td>1.50-2.25</td><td>2.25-2.50</td><td></td></tr></table>

1) The Non-U.S. weighted average plan ranges in the tables above represent significant plans only.

The discount rate for the U.S. plans has been set based on the rates of return on high-quality fixed-income investments currently available at the measurement date and expected to be available during the period the benefits will be paid. The expected timing of cash flows from the plan has also been considered in selecting the discount rate. In particular, the yields on bonds rated AA or better on the measurement date have been used to set the discount rate. The discount rate for the U.K. plan has been set based on the weighted average yields on long-term high-grade corporate bonds and is determined by reference to financial markets on the measurement date.

The expected rate of increase in compensation levels and long-term rate of return on plan assets are determined based on a number of factors and must take into account long-term expectations and reflect the financial environment in the respective local market. The expected return on assets for the U.S. and U.K. plans are based on the fair value of the assets as of December 31.

The level of equity exposure is currently targeted at approximately 40% for the primary U.S. plan. The investment objective is to provide an attractive risk-adjusted return that will ensure the payment of benefits while protecting against the risk of substantial investment losses. Correlations among the asset classes are used to identify an asset mix that Autoliv believes will provide the most attractive returns. Long-term return forecasts for each asset class using historical data and other qualitative considerations to adjust for projected economic forecasts are used to set the expected rate of return for the entire portfolio. The Company has assumed a long-term rate of return on the U.S. plan assets of 5.05% for calculating the 2021 expense and 5.05% for calculating the 2022 expense.

The Company has assumed a long-term rate of return on the non-U.S. plan assets in a range of 1.40-2.25 % for 2021. The closed U.K. plan which has a targeted and actual allocation of almost 100% debt instruments accounts for approximately 80% of the total non-U.S. plan assets.

Autoliv made contributions to the U.S. plan during 2021 and 2020 amounting to $15 million and $17 million, respectively. Contributions to the U.K. plan during 2021 and 2020 amounted to $2 million and $2 million, respectively. The Company expects to contribute $12 million to its U.S. pension plan in 2022 and is currently projecting a yearly funding at the same level in the years thereafter. For the UK pension plan, which is the most significant non-U.S. pension plan, the Company expects to contribute $2 million in 2022 and in the years thereafter.

## FAIR VALUE OF TOTAL PLAN ASSETS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2">U.S.</td><td colspan="2">Non-U.S.</td></tr><tr><td>Target allocation</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2021</td></tr><tr><td>ASSETS CATEGORY % (Weighted average)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Equity securities %</td><td>40</td><td>42</td><td>42</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Debt instruments %</td><td>60</td><td>57</td><td>57</td><td>76</td></tr><tr><td>Other assets %</td><td>—</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>Total %</td><td>100</td><td>100</td><td>100</td><td>100</td></tr></table>

The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plan assets:

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(Dollars in millions)</td><td colspan="2">Fair value measurement at December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>Assets</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Non-U.S. Bonds</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corporate</td><td>$ 77</td><td>$ 80</td></tr><tr><td>Insurance Contracts</td><td>16</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>Other Investments</td><td>8</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Assets at fair value Level 2</td><td>101</td><td>107</td></tr><tr><td>Investments measured at net asset value (NAV):</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Common collective trusts</td><td>343</td><td>351</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$ 445</td><td>$ 457</td></tr></table>

The fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Certain assets that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. Plan assets not measured using the NAV are classified as Level 2 in the table above. Plan assets measured using the NAV mainly relate to the U.S. defined benefit pension plans and are separately disclosed as Common collective trusts below the Level 2 assets in the table above.

The estimated future benefit payments for the pension benefits reflect expected future service, as appropriate. The amount of benefit payments in a given year may vary from the projected amount, especially for the U.S. plan since historically this plan pays the majority of benefits as a lump sum, where the lump sum amounts vary with market interest rates.

<table><tr><td>PENSION BENEFITS EXPECTED PAYMENTS (dollars in millions)</td><td>U.S.</td><td>Non-U.S.</td></tr><tr><td>2022</td><td>$ 20</td><td>$ 10</td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td>21</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>2024</td><td>23</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>2025</td><td>24</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>2026</td><td>27</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>Years 2027-2031</td><td>127</td><td>76</td></tr></table>

## POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS OTHER THAN PENSIONS

The Company currently provides postretirement health care and life insurance benefits to most of its U.S. retirees.

In general, the terms of the plans provide that U.S. employees who retire after attaining age 55, with 15 years of service (5 years before December 31, 2006), are reimbursed for qualified medical expenses up to a maximum annual amount. Spouses for certain retirees are also eligible for reimbursement under the plan. Life insurance coverage is available for those who elect coverage under the retiree health plan. During 2014, the plan was amended to move from a self-insured model where employees were charged an estimated premium based on anticipated plan expenses for continued coverage, to a plan where retirees are provided a fixed contribution to a Health Retirement Account (HRA). Retirees can use the HRA funds to purchase insurance through a private exchange. Employees hired on or after January 1, 2004 are not eligible to participate in the plan.



## CHANGES IN BENEFIT OBLIGATION FOR POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS OTHER THAN PENSIONS AS OF DECEMBER 31

<table><tr><td>(Dollars in millions)</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>Benefit obligation at beginning of year</td><td>$ 21</td><td>$ 18</td></tr><tr><td>Service cost</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Interest cost</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Actuarial loss</td><td>(1)</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Benefits paid</td><td>(0)</td><td>(0)</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Benefit obligation at end of year</td><td>$ 21</td><td>$ 21</td></tr></table>

The liability for postretirement benefits other than pensions is classified as other non-current liabilities in the balance sheet.

## COMPONENTS OF NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST ASSOCIATED WITH THE POST RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS OTHER THAN PENSIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31

<table><tr><td>(Dollars in millions)</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Service cost</td><td>$ 0</td><td>$ 0</td><td>$ 0</td></tr><tr><td>Interest cost</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of prior service cost</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(2)</td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of actuarial loss</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>(0)</td></tr><tr><td>Net periodic benefit (credit)</td><td>$ (1)</td><td>$ (1)</td><td>$ (2)</td></tr></table>

## COMPONENTS OF ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME BEFORE TAX ASSOCIATED WITH POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS OTHER THAN PENSIONS AS OF DECEMBER 31

<table><tr><td></td><td>U.S.</td></tr><tr><td>(Dollars in millions)</td><td>2021</td></tr><tr><td>Net actuarial (gain) loss</td><td>$ (1)</td></tr><tr><td>Prior service (credit)</td><td>(2)</td></tr><tr><td>Total accumulated other comprehensive income recognized in the balance sheet</td><td>$ (3)</td></tr></table>

The average discount rate used to determine the U.S. postretirement benefit obligation was 2.91% in 2021 and 2.60% in 2020. The average discount rate used in determining the postretirement benefit cost was 2.60% in 2021, 3.50% in 2020 and 4.45% in 2019.

The estimated future benefit payments for the postretirement benefits set forth below reflect expected future service as appropriate.

<table><tr><td>POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS (Dollars in millions)</td><td>EXPECTED PAYMENTS</td></tr><tr><td>2022</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>2024</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>2025</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>2026</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Years 2027-2031</td><td>4</td></tr></table>

## 19. Related Party Transactions

Throughout the periods covered by consolidated financial statements, Autoliv purchased finished goods from Veoneer. Related party purchases from Veoneer amounted to approximately $69 million and $70 million for the full year 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Autoliv also subleases certain office space to Veoneer. However, related party sublease income from Veoneer was not material for 2021 and 2020.

Amounts due to and due from related parties as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are summarized in the below table:

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">(Dollars in millions)</td><td colspan="2">As of December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>Related party receivables</td><td>1</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Related party payables \( ^{1)} \)</td><td>15</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td>Related party accrued expenses \( ^{1)} \)</td><td>9</td><td>10</td></tr></table>

1) Included in Related party liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Related party receivables primarily relate to an agreement between Autoliv and Veoneer.

The related party payables are mainly driven by Reseller Agreements entered into in connection with the spin-off. The Reseller Agreements are between Autoliv and Veoneer to facilitate the temporary arrangement of the sale of Veoneer products in the interim period post spin-off.

The related party accrued expenses consist of indemnification liabilities where Autoliv is required to indemnify Veoneer for certain warranty and recall related claims in connection with the Spin-off.



## 20. Segment Information

The Company has one operating segment which includes Autoliv's airbag and seatbelt products and components. The operating results of the operating segment are regularly reviewed by the Company's chief operating decision maker to assess the performance of the individual operating segment and make decisions about resources to be allocated to the operating segment.

The Company’s customers consist of all major European, U.S. and Asian automobile manufacturers. Sales to individual customers representing 10% or more of net sales were:

In 2021: Renault 13% (including Nissan and Mitsubishi), Stellantis 11% and VW 10%.

In 2020: Renault 13% (including Nissan and Mitsubishi), VW 11%, Stellantis 11% and Honda 10%.

In 2019: Renault 16% (including Nissan and Mitsubishi) and VW 10% and Honda 10%.

<table><tr><td>NET SALES BY REGION (Dollars in millions)</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>China</td><td>$ 1,766</td><td>$ 1,541</td><td>$ 1,525</td></tr><tr><td>Japan</td><td>733</td><td>733</td><td>810</td></tr><tr><td>Rest of Asia</td><td>908</td><td>769</td><td>841</td></tr><tr><td>Americas</td><td>2,535</td><td>2,337</td><td>2,907</td></tr><tr><td>Europe</td><td>2,289</td><td>2,067</td><td>2,464</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$ 8,230</td><td>$ 7,447</td><td>$ 8,548</td></tr></table>

The Company has attributed net sales to the geographic area based on the location of the entity selling the final product.

External sales in the U.S. amounted to $1,724 million, $1,647 million and $2,090 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Of the external sales, exports from the U.S. to other regions amounted to approximately $280 million, $348 million and $463 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

<table><tr><td>NET SALES BY PRODUCT (Dollars in millions)</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Airbag Products \( ^{1)} \)</td><td>$ 5,380</td><td>$ 4,824</td><td>$ 5,676</td></tr><tr><td>Seatbelt Products \( ^{1)} \)</td><td>2,850</td><td>2,623</td><td>2,871</td></tr><tr><td>Total net sales</td><td>$ 8,230</td><td>$ 7,447</td><td>$ 8,548</td></tr></table>

1) Including Corporate and other sales.

<table><tr><td>LONG-LIVED ASSETS (Dollars in millions)</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td></tr><tr><td>China</td><td>$ 521</td><td>$ 508</td></tr><tr><td>Japan</td><td>178</td><td>184</td></tr><tr><td>Rest of Asia</td><td>293</td><td>292</td></tr><tr><td>Americas</td><td>1,930</td><td>1,974</td></tr><tr><td>Europe</td><td>1,032</td><td>1,030</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$ 3,862</td><td>$ 3,888</td></tr></table>

Long-lived assets in the U.S. amounted to $1,774 million and $1,653 million for 2021 and 2020, respectively. For 2021 and 2020, $1,393 million and $1,235 million, respectively, of the long-lived assets in the U.S. refers to intangible assets, principally from acquisition goodwill.

## 21. Earnings Per Share

The computation of basic and diluted EPS under the two-class method were as follows (dollars and shares in millions):

<table><tr><td></td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td></tr><tr><td>Numerator:  \( {}^{1)} \)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net income attributable to common shareholders</td><td>435</td><td>187</td><td>462</td></tr><tr><td>Denominator:  \( {}^{1)} \)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Basic weighted average common stock</td><td>87.5</td><td>87.3</td><td>87.2</td></tr><tr><td>Added: Weighted average stock options/share awards</td><td>0.2</td><td>0.2</td><td>0.2</td></tr><tr><td>Diluted weighted average common stock</td><td>87.7</td><td>87.5</td><td>87.4</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Basic EPS</td><td>4.97</td><td>2.14</td><td>5.29</td></tr><tr><td>Diluted EPS</td><td>4.96</td><td>2.14</td><td>5.29</td></tr></table>

1) The Company’s unvested RSUs and PSS, of which some included the right to receive non-forfeitable dividend equivalents, are considered participating securities. Calculations of EPS under the two-class method exclude from the numerator any dividends paid or owed on participating securities and any undistributed earnings considered to be attributable to participating securities. The related participating securities are similarly excluded from the denominator. However, these participating securities have been immaterial for all the years presented.

Anti-dilutive shares outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 were immaterial.

## 22. Subsequent Events

There were no reportable events subsequent to December 31, 2021.



## Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

There have been no changes to and no disagreements with our independent auditors regarding accounting or financial disclosure matters in our two most recent fiscal years.

## Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

## Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation has been carried out by the Company's management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

## Internal Control over Financial Reporting

## (a) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.

Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company's principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company's board of directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

- pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;

- provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and

- provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of Autoliv's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013 framework).

Based on our assessment, we believe that, as of December 31, 2021, the Company's internal control over financial reporting is effective.

## (b) Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm

Ernst & Young AB has issued an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, which is included herein as the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm under Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for the year ended December 31, 2021.

## (c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

## Item 9B. Other Information

None.

## PART III

## Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by Item 10. regarding executive officers, directors and nominees for election as directors of Autoliv, Autoliv's Audit Committee, Autoliv's code of ethics, and compliance with Section 16(A) of the Securities Exchange Act is incorporated herein by reference from the information under the captions "Executive Officers of the Company" and "Proposal 1: Election of Directors", "Committees of the Board" and "Audit Committee Report", "Corporate Governance Guidelines and Codes of Conduct and Ethics", and "Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports", respectively, in the Company's 2022 Proxy Statement. Information on Board meeting attendance is provided under the caption "Board Meetings" in the 2022 Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by reference.

## Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by Item 11. regarding executive compensation for the year ended December 31, 2021 is included under the caption "Compensation Discussion and Analysis" in the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. The information required by the same item regarding Leadership Development and Compensation Committee is included in the sections "Leadership Development and Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" and "Leadership Development and Compensation Committee Report" in the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

## Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by Item 12. regarding beneficial ownership of Autoliv's common stock is included under the caption "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" in the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

## Shares Previously Authorized for Issuance Under the 1997 Stock Incentive Plan

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2021, about the common stock that may be issued under the Autoliv, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan. The Company does not have any equity compensation plans that have not been approved by its stockholders.

<table><tr><td>Plan Category</td><td>(1) Number of Securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights</td><td>(2) (b) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights(2)</td><td>(3) (c) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))(3)</td></tr><tr><td>Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1)</td><td>447,454</td><td>68.71</td><td>2,772,250</td></tr><tr><td>Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>447,454</td><td>68.71</td><td>2,772,250</td></tr></table>

(1) Autoliv, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated on May 6, 2009, as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated December 17, 2010 and Amendment No. 2 dated May 8, 2012.

(2) All such shares are available for issuance pursuant to grants of full-value stock awards.

## Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Information regarding the Company’s policy and procedures concerning related party transactions is included under the caption “Related Person Transactions” in the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. Information regarding director independence can be found under the caption “Board Independence” in the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

## Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by Item 9(e) of Schedule 14A regarding principal accounting fees and the information required by Item 14 regarding the pre-approval process of accounting services provided to Autoliv is included under the caption “Proposal 3. Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Appointment” in the 2022 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.



## Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a) Documents Filed as Part of this Report

(1) Financial Statements

(i) Consolidated Statements of Income – Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019;

(ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019;

(iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets – as of December 31, 2021 and 2020;

(iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019;

(v) Consolidated Statements of Total Equity – as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019;

(vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements; and

(vii) Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB Auditor ID No. 1433).

(2) Financial Statement Schedules

All of the schedules specified under Regulation S-X to be provided by Autoliv have been omitted either because they are not applicable, they are not required, or the information required is included in the financial statements or notes thereto.

(3) Exhibits

<table><tr><td>Exhibit No.</td><td>Description</td></tr><tr><td>2.1</td><td>Distribution Agreement, dated June 28, 2018, between Veoneer, Inc. and Autoliv, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 2, 2018).</td></tr><tr><td>3.1</td><td>Autoliv&#x27;s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 22, 2015).</td></tr><tr><td>3.2</td><td>Autoliv&#x27;s Third Restated By-Laws, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date December 18, 2015).</td></tr><tr><td>4.1</td><td>Indenture, dated March 30, 2009, between Autoliv, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Autoliv&#x27;s Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-12933, filing date March 30, 2009).</td></tr><tr><td>4.2</td><td>Second Supplemental Indenture (including Form of Global Note), dated March 15, 2012, between Autoliv, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date March 15, 2012).</td></tr><tr><td>4.3</td><td>Form of Note Purchase and Guaranty Agreement dated April 23, 2014, among Autoliv ASP, Inc., Autoliv, Inc. and the purchasers named therein, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 25, 2014).</td></tr><tr><td>4.4</td><td>Amendment and Waiver 2014 Note Purchase and Guaranty Agreement, dated May 24, 2018 among Autoliv, Inc., Autoliv ASP, Inc. and the noteholders named therein, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 27, 2018).</td></tr><tr><td>4.5</td><td>General Terms and Conditions for Swedish Depositary Receipts in Autoliv, Inc., representing common shares in Autoliv, Inc., effective as of May 30, 2018 with Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) serving as a custodian, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 27, 2018).</td></tr><tr><td>4.6</td><td>Agency Agreement dated June 26, 2018 among Autoliv, Inc., Autoliv ASP Inc. and HSBC Bank PLC, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 27, 2018).</td></tr><tr><td>4.7</td><td>Base Listing Particulars Agreement, dated April 11, 2019, among Autoliv, Inc., Autoliv ASP, Inc. and the dealers named therein, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 26, 2019).</td></tr><tr><td>4.8</td><td>Base Listing Particulars Agreement, dated February 21, 2020, among Autoliv, Inc., Autoliv ASP, Inc. and the dealers named therein, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 24, 2020).</td></tr><tr><td>4.9</td><td>Base Listing Particulars Agreement, dated February 19, 2021, among Autoliv, Inc., Autoliv ASP, Inc. and the dealers named therein, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 23, 2021).</td></tr></table>

4.10 Amended and Restated Programme Agreement, dated February 19, 2021, among Autoliv, Inc., Autoliv ASP, Inc., and the dealers named therein, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.14 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 23, 2021)

4.11 Amended and Restated Agency Agreement, dated February 19, 2021, among Autoliv, Inc., Autoliv ASP, Inc., and the dealers named therein, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.15 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 23, 2021)

4.12 Description of Registrant’s Securities, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.13 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date February 19, 2021).

10.1+ Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated on May 6, 2009, incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A of the Definitive Proxy Statement of Autoliv, Inc. on Schedule 14A (filing date March 23, 2009).

10.2 Revolving Credit Facility Agreement, dated June 21, 2010, between Autoliv AB, Autoliv, Inc., and Nordea Bank AB (publ), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 23, 2010).

10.3 Facility Agreement, dated June 21, 2010, among Autoliv, Inc., Autoliv AB, Swedish Export Credit Corporation, National Export Credits Guarantee Board and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 23, 2010).

10.4+ Amendment No. 1 to the Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan as amended and restated on May 6, 2009, dated December 17, 2010, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date February 23, 2011).

10.5 Remarketing Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2012, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date March 15, 2012).

10.6+ Amendment No. 2 to the Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated on May 6, 2009, dated May 8, 2012, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 20, 2012).

10.7+ Finance Contract, dated July 16, 2013, among European Investment Bank, Autoliv AB (publ) and Autoliv, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date October 24, 2013).

10.8 Guarantee Agreement, dated July 16, 2013, between European Investment Bank and Autoliv, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date October 24, 2013).

10.9 Form of Note Purchase and Guaranty Agreement, dated April 23, 2014, among Autoliv ASP, Inc., Autoliv, Inc. and the purchasers named therein, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 25, 2014).

10.10 Amendment, dated January 27, 2015, to the Finance Contract, dated July 16, 2013, among European Investment Bank, Autoliv AB (publ) and Autoliv, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date February 19, 2015).

10.11 General Terms and Conditions for Swedish Depositary Receipts in Autoliv, Inc. representing common shares in Autoliv, Inc., effective as of May 30, 2018, with Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) serving as custodian, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 27, 2018).

10.12 Facilities Agreement of $1,100,000,000, dated July 14, 2016, among Autoliv, Inc., Autoliv ASP, Inc., Autoliv AB, HSBC Bank PLC, Mizuho Bank, Ltd. and Investment Banking, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ), and the other parties and lenders named therein, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date October 27, 2016).

10.13+ Amendment No. 3 to the Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, dated April 24, 2017, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 28, 2017).

10.14+ Form of Employee restricted stock unit award agreement (2017) to be used under the Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 28, 2017).

10.15+ Form of performance share award agreement (2017) to be used under the Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 28, 2017).

10.16 Employee Matters Agreement, dated June 28, 2018, between Veoneer, Inc. and Autoliv, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 2, 2018).

10.17 Tax Matters Agreement, dated June 28, 2018, between Veoneer, Inc. and Autoliv, Inc., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 2, 2018).



10.18 Facilities Agreement, dated May 24, 2018, among Autoliv, Inc., Autoliv ASP, J.P. Morgan Securities PLC and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 27, 2018).

10.19+ Employment Agreement, effective as of June 29, 2018, by and between Autoliv, Inc. and Mikael Bratt, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 27, 2018).

10.20+ Employment Agreement, effective as of June 29, 2018, by and between Autoliv, Inc. and Jordi Lombarte incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 27, 2018).

10.21+ Employment Agreement, effective as of June 29, 2018, by and between Autoliv, Inc. and Anthony J. Nellis, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 27, 2018).

10.22 Cooperation Agreement, dated March 1, 2019, between Autoliv, Inc. and Cevian Capital II GP Limited, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date March 1, 2019).

10.23+ Form of Employee restricted stock unit grant agreement (2019) to be used under the Autoliv, Inc 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 26, 2019).

10.24+ Form of Employee performance share grant agreement (2019) to be used under the Autoliv, Inc 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 26, 2019).

10.25 SEK Facility Agreement dated June 24, 2019 between Autoliv, Inc., Autoliv ASP, Inc. and AB Svensk Exportkredit (Publ), incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 19, 2019).

10.26+ Employment Agreement, dated April 23, 2019, between Autoliv, Inc. and Frithjof Doldroff, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 19, 2019).

10.27+ Employment Agreement, dated March 18, 2019, between Autoliv, Inc. and Christian Swahn, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date October 25, 2019).

10.28+ Employment Agreement, dated February 15, 2019, between Autoliv, Inc. and Magnus Järlegen, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date October 25, 2019).

10.29 Form of Indemnification Agreement between Autoliv, Inc. and its directors and certain of its executive officers, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date October 25, 2019).

10.30+ Employment Agreement, dated November 26, 2019 and effective as of March 1, 2020, between Autoliv, Inc. and Erdfrick Westin, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.56 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date February 21, 2020).

10.31+ Employment Agreement, dated January 23, 2020, between Autoliv, Inc. and Svante Mogefors, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.58 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-12933, filing date February 21, 2020).

10.32+ Form of Employee 202 restricted stock units grant agreement promised under the Autoliv, Inc 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 24, 2020).

10.33+ Form of Employee 202 performance share units grant agreement promised under the Autoliv, Inc 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 24, 2020).

10.34 Facility Agreement, dated May 28, 2020, by and among Autoliv AB, as borrower, Autoliv, Inc. and Autoliv ASP, as guarantors, and AB Svensk Exportkredit, as lender, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 17, 2020).

10.35+ Form of Non-Employee Directors 2020 restricted stock units grant agreement under the Autoliv, Inc 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 17, 2020).

10.36+ Employment Agreement, dated May 20, 2020 and effective as of July 1, 2020, between Autoliv, Inc. and Per Ericson, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 17, 2020).

10.37+ Employment Agreement, dated June 8, 2020 and effective as of June 15, 2020, between Autoliv, Inc. and Kevin Fox, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 17, 2020).

10.38+ Employment Agreement, effective as of August 17, 2020, by and between Autoliv AB and Mikael Hagtström incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date October 23, 2020).

10.39+ Amendment No. 2, effective as of March 9, 2021, to Employment Agreement, effective March 21, 2018, by and between Autoliv Inc. and Jordi Lombarte incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 23, 2021).

10.40+ Employment Agreement, dated October 1, 2020 and effective as of November 1, 2020, by and between Autoliv Inc. and Colin Naughton incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 23, 2021).

10.41+ Form of Employee 2021 restricted stock units grant agreement promised under the Autoliv, Inc 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 23, 2021).

10.42+ Form of Employee 2021 performance share units grant agreement promised under the Autoliv, Inc 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 23, 2021).

10.43+ Amendment No. 1, effective as of April 1, 2021, to Employment Agreement, effective March 18, 2019, by and between Autoliv Inc. and Christian Swahn incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date April 23, 2021).

10.44+ Form of Non-Employee Directors 2021 restricted stock units grant agreement under Autoliv, Inc. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-12933, filing date July 16, 2021).

10.45+ Autoliv, Inc. Non-employee Director Compensation Policy, effective May 1, 2021.

10.46+ Employment Agreement, dated December 14, 2021 and effective as of January 19, 2021, by and between Autoliv Inc. and
Sng Yih.

21 \( ^{*} \)  Autoliv's List of Subsidiaries.

23 \( ^{*} \)  Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

31.1 \( ^{*} \)  Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

31.2 \( ^{*} \)  Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

32.1 \( ^{*} \)  Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2 \( ^{*} \)  Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS \( ^{*} \)  Inline XBRL Instance Document – The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Date File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.

101.SCH \( ^{*} \)  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL \( ^{*} \)  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF \( ^{*} \)  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB \( ^{*} \)  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE \( ^{*} \)  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

104 \( ^{*} \)  Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the inline XBRL document).

* Filed herewith.

+ Management contract or compensatory plan.

† Confidential treatment requested as to portions of the exhibit. Confidential materials omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.



## SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, as of February 22, 2022.

AUTOLIV, INC.

(Registrant)

By /s/ Fredrik Westin
Fredrik Westin
Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated, as of February 22, 2022.

<table><tr><td>Title</td><td>Name</td></tr><tr><td>Chairman of the Board of Directors</td><td>/s/ Jan Carlson
Jan Carlson</td></tr><tr><td>Chief Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive Officer) and Director</td><td>/s/ Mikael Bratt
Mikael Bratt</td></tr><tr><td>Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Principal Accounting Officer)</td><td>/s/ Fredrik Westin
Fredrik Westin</td></tr><tr><td>Director</td><td>/s/ Laurie Brlas
Laurie Brlas</td></tr><tr><td>Director</td><td>/s/ Hasse Johansson
Hasse Johansson</td></tr><tr><td>Director</td><td>/s/ Leif Johansson
Leif Johansson</td></tr><tr><td>Director</td><td>/s/ Franz-Josef Kortüm
Franz-Josef Kortüm</td></tr><tr><td>Director</td><td>/s/ Frédéric Lissalde
Frédéric Lissalde</td></tr><tr><td>Director</td><td>/s/ Min Liu
Min Liu</td></tr><tr><td>Director</td><td>/s/ Xiaozhi Liu
Xiaozhi Liu</td></tr><tr><td>Director</td><td>/s/ Martin Lundstedt
Martin Lundstedt</td></tr><tr><td>Director</td><td>/s/ Thaddeus Senko
Thaddeus Senko</td></tr></table>

## Glossary and Definitions

In this report, the following company or industry specific terms and abbreviations are used:

## BCC

Best Cost Country.

## CASH CONVERSION

Free cash flow in relation to net income.

## CAPITAL EMPLOYED

Total equity and net debt (net cash).

## CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

Investments in property, plant and equipment.

## CAPITAL TURN-OVER RATE

Annual sales in relation to average capital employed.

## CPV

Content Per Vehicle, i.e. value of the safety products in a vehicle.

## DEVELOPED MARKETS

Includes North America, Western Europe, Japan and South Korea

## EARNINGS PER SHARE

Net income attributable to controlling interest relative to weighted average number of shares (net of treasury shares) assuming dilution and basic, respectively.

## EBIT

Earnings before interest and taxes.

## EBITDA

Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization

## FREE CASH FLOW

Cash flows from operating activities less capital expenditures, net.

## GROSS MARGIN

Gross profit relative to sales.

## GROWTH MARKETS

Includes all markets except North America, Western Europe, Japan and South Korea.

## HEADCOUNT

Employees plus temporary personnel.

## INVENTORY OUTSTANDING IN RELATION TO SALES

Outstanding inventory relative to annualized fourth quarter sales.



## LEVERAGE RATIO

Debt per the Policy (Net debt adjusted for pension liabilities) in relation to EBITDA per the Policy (Adjusted EBITDA) (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization, other non-operating items, net, income from equity method investments and capacity alignments), see Item 7 for a calculation of this non-U.S. GAAP measure.

## LMPU

Labor minutes per produced unit.

## LVP

Light vehicle production of light motor vehicles with a gross weight of up to 3.5 metric tons.

This 10-K includes content supplied by IHS Markit Automotive; Copyright © Light Vehicle Production Forecast, January 2022. All rights reserved. IHS Markit is a global supplier of independent industry information. The permission to use IHS Markit copyrighted reports, data and information does not constitute an endorsement or approval by IHS Markit of the manner, format, context, content, conclusion, opinion or viewpoint in which IHS Markit reports, data and information or its derivations are used or referenced herein.

## NET DEBT

Short and long-term debt including debt-related derivatives less cash and cash equivalents, see Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures in Item 7 for a reconciliation of this non-U.S. GAAP measure.

## NET DEBT TO CAPITALIZATION

Net debt in relation to total equity (including non-controlling interest) and net debt.

## NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES

Employees with a continuous employment agreement, recalculated to full time equivalent heads.

## OEM

Original Equipment Manufacturer referring to customers assembling new vehicles.

## OPERATING MARGIN

Operating income relative to sales.

## OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL

Current assets excluding cash and cash equivalents less current liabilities excluding short-term debt. Any current derivatives reported in current assets and current liabilities related to net debt are excluded from operating working capital. See Non-U.S. GAAP Performance Measures in Item 7 for reconciliation of this non-U.S. GAAP measure.

## OUR MARKET

Our products include seatbelts, airbags and steering wheels.

## PAYABLES OUTSTANDING IN RELATION TO SALES

Outstanding payables relative to annualized fourth quarter sales.

## PRETAX MARGIN

Income before taxes relative to sales.

## RECEIVABLES OUTSTANDING IN RELATION TO SALES

Outstanding receivables relative to annualized fourth quarter sales.

## RETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYED

Operating income and equity in earnings of affiliates, relative to average capital employed.

## RETURN ON TOTAL EQUITY

Net income relative to average total equity.

## ROA

Rest of Asia includes all Asian countries except China and Japan.

## TOTAL EQUITY RATIO

Total equity relative to total assets.

## TRADE WORKING CAPITAL

Outstanding receivables and outstanding inventory less outstanding payables.



## Multi-Year Financial Summary

Continuing Operations unless noted.

<table><tr><td>(Dollars in millions, unaudited)</td><td>2021</td><td>2020</td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>Sales and Income</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net sales</td><td>$8,230</td><td>$7,447</td><td>$8,548</td><td>$8,678</td><td>$8,137</td></tr><tr><td>Airbag sales \( ^{1)} \)</td><td>5,380</td><td>4,824</td><td>5,676</td><td>5,699</td><td>5,342</td></tr><tr><td>Seatbelt sales</td><td>2,850</td><td>2,623</td><td>2,871</td><td>2,980</td><td>2,794</td></tr><tr><td>Operating income</td><td>675</td><td>382</td><td>726</td><td>686</td><td>860</td></tr><tr><td>Net income attributable to controlling interest</td><td>435</td><td>187</td><td>462</td><td>376</td><td>586</td></tr><tr><td>Earnings per share (US\() - basic \)^{2)}</td><td>4.97</td><td>2.14</td><td>5.29</td><td>4.32</td><td>6.70</td></tr><tr><td>Earnings per share (US\() - assuming dilution \)^{2, 3)}</td><td>4.96</td><td>2.14</td><td>5.29</td><td>4.31</td><td>6.68</td></tr><tr><td>Gross margin \( ^{4)} \)</td><td>18.4%</td><td>16.7%</td><td>18.5%</td><td>19.7%</td><td>20.6%</td></tr><tr><td>R, D\&amp;E net in relation to sales</td><td>(4.7)%</td><td>(5.0)%</td><td>(4.7)%</td><td>(4.8)%</td><td>(4.6)%</td></tr><tr><td>S, G &amp; A net in relation to sales</td><td>(5.3)%</td><td>(5.2)%</td><td>(4.7)%</td><td>(4.5)%</td><td>(5.0)%</td></tr><tr><td>Operating margin \( ^{5)} \)</td><td>8.2%</td><td>5.1%</td><td>8.5%</td><td>7.9%</td><td>10.6%</td></tr><tr><td>Adjusted operating margin \( ^{6, 7)} \)</td><td>8.3%</td><td>6.5%</td><td>9.1%</td><td>10.5%</td><td>11.1%</td></tr><tr><td>Balance Sheet</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trade working capital \( ^{8)} \)</td><td>1,332</td><td>1,366</td><td>1,417</td><td>1,396</td><td>1,444</td></tr><tr><td>Trade working capital in relation to sales \( ^{9)} \)</td><td>15.7%</td><td>13.6%</td><td>16.2%</td><td>15.9%</td><td>16.7%</td></tr><tr><td>Receivables outstanding in relation to sales \( ^{10)} \)</td><td>20.0%</td><td>18.1%</td><td>18.6%</td><td>19.0%</td><td>19.6%</td></tr><tr><td>Inventory outstanding in relation to sales \( ^{11)} \)</td><td>9.2%</td><td>7.9%</td><td>8.5%</td><td>8.6%</td><td>8.2%</td></tr><tr><td>Payables outstanding in relation to sales \( ^{12)} \)</td><td>13.5%</td><td>12.5%</td><td>10.8%</td><td>11.7%</td><td>11.1%</td></tr><tr><td>Total equity</td><td>2,648</td><td>2,423</td><td>2,122</td><td>1,897</td><td>4,169</td></tr><tr><td>Total parent shareholders&#x27; equity per share (US\() \)</td><td>30.10</td><td>27.56</td><td>24.19</td><td>21.63</td><td>46.38</td></tr><tr><td>Current assets excluding cash</td><td>2,705</td><td>3,091</td><td>2,557</td><td>2,670</td><td>2,598</td></tr><tr><td>Property, plant and equipment, net</td><td>1,855</td><td>1,869</td><td>1,816</td><td>1,690</td><td>1,609</td></tr><tr><td>Intangible assets (primarily goodwill)</td><td>1,395</td><td>1,412</td><td>1,410</td><td>1,423</td><td>1,440</td></tr><tr><td>Capital employed</td><td>3,700</td><td>3,637</td><td>3,772</td><td>3,516</td><td>4,538</td></tr><tr><td>Net debt \( ^{7)} \)</td><td>1,052</td><td>1,214</td><td>1,650</td><td>1,619</td><td>368</td></tr><tr><td>Total assets</td><td>7,537</td><td>8,157</td><td>6,771</td><td>6,722</td><td>6,947</td></tr><tr><td>Long-term debt</td><td>1,662</td><td>2,110</td><td>1,726</td><td>1,609</td><td>1,311</td></tr><tr><td>Return on capital employed \( ^{13, 14)} \)</td><td>18%</td><td>10%</td><td>20%</td><td>17%</td><td>n/a</td></tr><tr><td>Return on total equity \( ^{14, 15)} \)</td><td>17%</td><td>9%</td><td>23%</td><td>13%</td><td>n/a</td></tr><tr><td>Total equity ratio</td><td>35%</td><td>30%</td><td>31%</td><td>28%</td><td>49%</td></tr><tr><td>Cash flow and other data</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operating Cash flow \( ^{16)} \)</td><td>754</td><td>849</td><td>641</td><td>591</td><td>936</td></tr><tr><td>Depreciation and amortization \( ^{16)} \)</td><td>394</td><td>371</td><td>351</td><td>397</td><td>426</td></tr><tr><td>Capital expenditures, net \( ^{16)} \)</td><td>454</td><td>340</td><td>476</td><td>555</td><td>570</td></tr><tr><td>Capital expenditures, net in relation to sales \( ^{16)} \)</td><td>5.5%</td><td>4.6%</td><td>5.6%</td><td>5.7%</td><td>5.5%</td></tr><tr><td>Free Cash flow \( ^{7, 16, 17)} \)</td><td>300</td><td>509</td><td>165</td><td>36</td><td>366</td></tr><tr><td>Cash conversion \( ^{7, 16, 18)} \)</td><td>68.6%</td><td>270%</td><td>35.6%</td><td>19.5%</td><td>121%</td></tr><tr><td>Direct shareholder return \( ^{16, 19)} \)</td><td>165</td><td>54</td><td>217</td><td>214</td><td>366</td></tr><tr><td>Cash dividends paid per share (US\() \)</td><td>1.88</td><td>0.62</td><td>2.48</td><td>2.46</td><td>2.38</td></tr><tr><td>Number of shares outstanding (millions \( ^{20)} \)</td><td>87.5</td><td>87.4</td><td>87.2</td><td>87.1</td><td>87.0</td></tr><tr><td>Number of employees, December 31</td><td>55,900</td><td>61,000</td><td>58,900</td><td>57,700</td><td>56,700</td></tr></table>

1) Including steering wheels, inflators and initiators. 2) Participating share awards with right to receive dividend equivalents are under the (now two-class method) excluded from the EPS calculation. 3) Assuming dilution and net of treasury shares. 4) Gross profit relative to sales. 5) Operating income relative to sales. 6) Excluding costs for capacity alignment, antitrust related matters and separation of our business segments. 7) Non-US GAAP measure, for reconciliation see tables above. 8) Outstanding receivables and outstanding inventory less outstanding payables. 9) Outstanding receivables and outstanding inventory less outstanding payables relative to annualized fourth quarter sales. 10) Outstanding receivables relative to annualized fourth quarter sales. 11) Outstanding inventory relative to annualized fourth quarter sales. 12) Outstanding payables relative to annualized fourth quarter sales. 13) Operating income and income from equity method investments, relative to average capital employed. 14) The Company has decided not to recalculate prior periods since the distribution of Veoneer had a significant impact on total equity and capital employed making the comparison less meaningful. 15) Income relative to average total equity. 16) Including Discontinued Operations in 2017 and 2018. 17) Operating cash flow less Capital expenditures, net. 18) Free cash flow relative to Net income. 19) Dividends paid and Shares repurchased. 20) At year end, excluding dilution and net of treasury shares.



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