Balchem Corporation (BCPC, NASDAQ)
Industry: Basic Materials / Specialty Chemicals
Annual report, fiscal year 2019






## BALCHEM CORPORATION – Company Profile

At Balchem, we are committed to making the world a healthier place by delivering trusted, innovative, and science-based solutions to the nutrition, food, sterilization, and energy markets. We provide the service, quality, and technology that enables our customers to win with their customers. We have built a reputation for delivering results to all of our stakeholders.
Founded in 1967, Balchem became a publicly traded company in 1970 and is listed on NASDAQ under the symbol "BCPC." Our corporate headquarters is located in New Hampton, New York, and we have a broad network of sales offices, manufacturing sites, and R&D centers, primarily located in the US and Europe.



The company consists of four business segments: Human Nutrition & Health; Animal Nutrition & Health; Specialty Products and Industrial Products. Balchem employs over 1,400 people worldwide who are engaged in diverse activities, committed to developing the company into global market leadership positions.

## BALCHEM SOLVES TODAY, SHAPES TOMORROW.



## Human Nutrition & Health

Balchem Human Nutrition and Health is the global leader in choline, chelated mineral, and micro-encapsulation technologies with strong positions in powder, flavor and cereal system formulation. Food or beverage, supplement or pharmaceutical, our Human Nutrition & Health business segment provides ready-made and custom nutrients, ingredients, systems, and products that enable our customers to create better finished goods that improve all aspects of life. As the human nutrition space continues to evolve, our capabilities grow, allowing us to deliver scientifically proven health benefits and fantastic taste in applications from infant formulas to performance shakes and functional foods.



## Animal Nutrition & Health

Balchem Animal Nutrition and Health is the global leader in choline production and nutrient encapsulation technology. With a growing portfolio of nutrition products and a dedication to innovation and industry sustainability, Balchem Animal Nutrition and Health is leading the charge to meet the nutritional needs of ruminants, monogastrics, and companion animals.



## Specialty Products

Our Specialty Products business segment specializes in re-packaging and worldwide distribution of select gases and chemicals, especially ethylene oxide for sterilization of medical devices and propylene oxide for spice and nutmeat fumigation. We have the packaging and distribution know-how to ensure the safe delivery of these products in returnable, reusable, environmentally safe containers. Our Plant Nutrition business unit, included in Specialty Products, provides chelated minerals under the trade name Metalosate \( ^{®} \)  to the agricultural market.



## Industrial Products

Balchem’s Industrial Products segment offers solutions using choline, choline derivatives, and methylamines for various applications, including as a component for hydraulic fracking and drilling fluids for shale oil and natural gas wells. Our products offer effective, economical and environmentally friendly alternatives for clay stabilization to an environmentally sensitive market.



## Dear Fellow Shareholders:



As I sit here in March of 2020, with the COVID-19 pandemic unfolding before us, I want to first send my sincerest best wishes to all of you as we navigate this unprecedented time together. I certainly hope that you are all healthy and safe and by the time of our Annual Meeting, the world will be well on its way back to normalcy.

Now to the business at hand and the 2019 Annual Report; 2019 was another strong year for Balchem. Financially, we delivered record sales of $643.7 million dollars, with year over year sales growth in three of our four segments. Human Nutrition and Health, Animal Nutrition and Health, and Specialty Products all delivered record sales performances in 2019. These record sales drove record adjusted net earnings of $103.7 million dollars compared to $97.7 million dollars from the prior year, an increase of $5.9 million dollars or 6.1 percent, and record Adjusted EBITDA of $160.0 million dollars, an increase of $0.7 million dollars or 0.5 percent from the prior year. And free cash flow remained strong, at $96.1 million dollars in 2019.

Strategically, we also had a very good year. As a company, we are striving to make the world a healthier place by providing innovative solutions for the health and nutritional needs of the world, and at the same time operating with excellence as strong stewards of all our stakeholders. We are making progress on choline, mineral, and amino acid nutritional understanding and awareness, and our investments in new product development, external studies, and new science development are making a difference for the future advancement of our human, animal, and plant nutrition franchises.

Most notably, as a result of our innovation efforts, we launched several new products to the market that are making a difference, including a line of silica-free chelated minerals and an improved compaction calcium citrate malate chelated mineral for Human Nutrition and Health. We expanded our PetShure \( ^{\circledR} \)  line of products for the companion animal market to include sensory inclusions for pet treats, and we introduced AminoShure \( ^{\circledR} \)  XM, our next generation rumen protected methionine that delivers enhanced bioavailability and superior feed stability. And we launched an organic chelated potassium micro nutrient foliar applied product to fill out our line of organic micro nutrients for plant nutrition.

At the same time, we are making significant advancements through our external research and studies, including work we are doing with our partners within Human Nutrition and Health on child cognition, the development of a choline bio-marker, the exploration of the synergies between Choline and DHA absorption, the development of next generation magnesium chelates, and the development of a unique treatment for autism. Additionally, important progress is being made through our investments in the exploration of the broad ranging benefits of choline, mineral, and amino acid nutrition for monogastric and ruminant species within Animal Nutrition and Health.

We also remained active on the acquisition front, completing the acquisitions of Chemogas NV in May, and Zumbro River Brand, Inc. in December. We have effectively completed the integration of Chemogas into our Specialty Products segment and we have been realizing identified synergies as we leverage this acquisition to create a global performance gases business that services our customers' needs for ethylene oxide and other products worldwide. We have also been progressing the integration of Zumbro and already realizing some synergies, as we further enhance our portfolio of solutions in the food and beverage industry, particularly through Zumbro's unique high protein products and extrusion manufacturing capabilities. Both of these acquisitions contributed nicely in 2019 to our financial performance and our strategic positioning and capabilities.



From a corporate perspective, we significantly progressed our effort to consolidate our five Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems into one; Microsoft Dynamics 365. This twelve million dollar initiative is critical for the continued growth and operational efficiency of the company. After all of the planning, implementation started in earnest in 2019, as we significantly progressed the staged ERP implementation across our businesses and network of manufacturing sites, ending the year with approximately 60% of our users and revenues now on the new system. This has been a tremendous amount of work, but we are very pleased with the progress to date and we look forward to full implementation over the coming year.

In 2019, we once again provided a dividend to our shareholders. The 10.6% increase over the prior year’s cash dividend represents the tenth consecutive increase in our annual dividend, reflecting both the outstanding financial performance the Company has delivered on a consistent basis and the Board’s continued confidence in our long-term strategies. Our dividend is one component of our overall capital deployment strategy that focuses primarily on investing in organic growth opportunities that provide an attractive return, augmenting our organic growth through strategic M&A where appropriate, paying down debt, and maintaining a strong balance sheet.

And lastly, Balchem released its first Sustainability Report in 2019, which captures the Company’s commitment to managing our Environmental, Social and Governance, or ESG, performance. While this is our first formal sustainability report, we have spent the past 50 years passionately engaged in developing and delivering innovative solutions for the health and nutritional needs of the world while operating our facilities and businesses to the expectations and requirements of all of our stakeholders. Our ambition is to build a stronger and more vibrant company that meaningfully contributes to making the world a healthier place. Our sustainability journey is one of continuous improvement and this report shares the foundation we have built and communicates our commitments to these objectives. We look forward to making further progress on our ESG initiatives in 2020 and into the future.

All in all, another strong year for Balchem, both financially and strategically. And we look forward to continuing our momentum in 2020 and beyond!

Our success would not be possible without the dedicated Balchem team of employees and their incredible expertise, talent, and relentless focus on serving our customers' requirements and delivering solutions to address the markets' needs. I would like to thank all of our employees, as well as our board of directors, customers, suppliers, partners and shareholders, for their continued commitment and support, and I look forward to sharing more with you in the upcoming year.

Thank you for your continued support of Balchem and once again, I wish everyone good health in the year ahead.

Sincerely,



Theodore L. Harris

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer



# UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

# FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☑ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR SECTION 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ___ to ___

Commission file number: 1-13648

## Balchem Corporation

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland

13-2578432

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

52 Sunrise Park Road, New Hampton, NY 10958

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (845) 326-5600

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

<table><tr><td>Title of each class</td><td>Trading symbol</td><td>Name of each exchange on which registered</td></tr><tr><td>Common Stock, par value $.06-2/3 per share</td><td>B CPC</td><td>Nasdaq Global Market</td></tr></table>

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☑ No ☐



Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

(Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☑

Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. □

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☑

The aggregate market value of the common stock, par value $0.06-2/3 per share (the “Common Stock”), issued and outstanding and held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based upon the closing price for the Common Stock on the NASDAQ Global Market on June 30, 2019 was approximately $3,212,000,000. For purposes of this calculation, shares of the Registrant held by directors and officers of the Registrant and under the Registrant’s 401(k)/profit sharing plan have been excluded.

The number of shares outstanding of Common Stock was 32,254,855 as of February 13, 2020.

## DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Selected portions of the Registrant’s proxy statement for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “2020 Proxy Statement”) to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after Registrant’s fiscal year-end of December 31, 2019 are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent stated therein.



This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical facts, but rather reflect our current expectations or beliefs concerning future events and results. We generally use the words “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “likely,” “will,” “estimates,” “project” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements, including those concerning our expectations, involve risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The risks, uncertainties and factors that could cause our results to differ materially from our expectations and beliefs include, but are not limited to, those factors set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K under “Item 1A. - Risk Factors” below.

We cannot assure you that the expectations or beliefs reflected in these forward-looking statements will prove correct. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are cautioned not to unduly rely on such forward-looking statements when evaluating the information presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and all subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements made by us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained herein.



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## BALCHEM CORPORATION
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS

<table><tr><td colspan="3">PART I</td></tr><tr><td>Item 1.</td><td>Business</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Item 1A.</td><td>Risk Factors</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>Item 1B.</td><td>Unresolved Staff Comments</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>Item 2.</td><td>Properties</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Item 3.</td><td>Legal Proceedings</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Item 4.</td><td>Mine Safety Disclosures</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">PART II</td></tr><tr><td>Item 5.</td><td>Market for Registrant&#x27;s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Item 6.</td><td>Selected Financial Data</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>Item 7.</td><td>Management&#x27;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>Item 7A.</td><td>Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><td>Item 8.</td><td>Financial Statements and Supplementary Data</td><td>23</td></tr><tr><td>Item 9.</td><td>Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>Item 9A.</td><td>Controls and Procedures</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>Item 9B.</td><td>Other Information</td><td>63</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">PART III</td></tr><tr><td>Item 10.</td><td>Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance</td><td>64</td></tr><tr><td>Item 11.</td><td>Executive Compensation</td><td>64</td></tr><tr><td>Item 12.</td><td>Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters</td><td>64</td></tr><tr><td>Item 13.</td><td>Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence</td><td>64</td></tr><tr><td>Item 14.</td><td>Principal Accounting Fees and Services</td><td>64</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">PART IV</td></tr><tr><td>Item 15.</td><td>Exhibits and Financial Statement schedules</td><td>65</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">SIGNATURE PAGE</td><td>68</td></tr></table>



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## PART I

## Item 1. Business (All amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

## General:

Balchem Corporation (“Balchem,” the “Company,” “we” or “us”), incorporated in the State of Maryland in 1967, is engaged in the development, manufacture and marketing of specialty performance ingredients and products for the food, nutritional, feed, pharmaceutical, medical sterilization and industrial markets. Our reportable segments are strategic businesses that offer products and services to different markets. We presently have four reportable segments: Human Nutrition & Health; Animal Nutrition & Health; Specialty Products; and Industrial Products.

We sell our products through our own sales force, independent distributors and sales agents. Financial information concerning our business, business segments and geographic information appears in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under Item 7 below and in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 8 below, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

## Human Nutrition & Health

Our Human Nutrition & Health ("HNH") segment provides human grade choline nutrients and mineral amino acid chelated products through this segment for nutrition and wellness applications. Choline is recognized to play a key role in the development and structural integrity of brain cell membranes in infants, processing dietary fat, reproductive development and neural functions, such as memory and muscle function. Our mineral amino acid chelates, specialized mineral salts, and mineral complexes are used as raw materials for inclusion in premier human nutrition products. Proprietary technology has been combined to create an organic molecule in a form the body can readily assimilate. Sales growth for human nutrition applications is reliant on differentiation from lower-cost competitive products through scientific data, intellectual property and customers' appreciation of brand value. Consequently, we make investments in such activities for long-term value differentiation. This segment also serves the food and beverage industry for beverage, bakery, dairy, confectionary, and savory manufacturers. We partner with our customers from ideation through commercialization to bring on-trend beverages, baked goods, confections, dairy and meat products to market. We have expertise in trends analysis and product development. When combined with our strong manufacturing capabilities in customized spray dried and emulsified powders, extrusion and agglomeration, blended lipid systems, liquid flavor delivery systems, juice and dairy bases, chocolate systems, as well as ice cream bases and variegates, we are a one-stop solutions provider for beverage and dairy product development needs. Additionally, this segment provides microencapsulation solutions to a variety of applications in food, pharmaceutical and nutritional ingredients to enhance performance of nutritional fortification, processing, mixing, and packaging applications and shelf-life. Major product applications are baked goods, refrigerated and frozen dough systems, processed meats, seasoning blends, confections, sports and protein bars, dietary plans, and nutritional supplements. We also create cereal systems for ready-to-eat cereals, grain-based snacks, and cereal based ingredients.

## Animal Nutrition & Health

Our Animal Nutrition & Health (“ANH”) segment provides nutritional products derived from our microencapsulation and chelation technologies in addition to basic choline chloride. For ruminant animals, our microencapsulated products boost health and milk production, delivering nutrient supplements that are biologically available, providing required nutritional levels. Our proprietary chelation technology provides enhanced nutrient absorption for various species of production and companion animals and is marketed for use in animal feed throughout the world. ANH also manufactures and supplies choline chloride, an essential nutrient for monogastric animal health, predominantly to the poultry, pet and swine industries. Choline, which is manufactured and sold in both dry and aqueous forms, plays a vital role in the metabolism of fat. In poultry, choline deficiency can result in reduced growth rates and perosis in young birds, while in swine production choline is a necessary and required component of gestating and lactating sow diets for both liver health and prevention of leg deformity.

Sales of value-added encapsulated products are highly dependent on overall industry economics as well as our ability to leverage the results of university and field research on the animal health and production benefits of our products. Management believes that success in the commodity-oriented basic choline chloride marketplace is highly dependent on our ability to maintain our strong reputation for excellent product quality and customer service. We continue to drive production efficiencies in order to maintain our competitive-cost position to effectively compete in a competitive global marketplace.



## Specialty Products

Ethylene oxide, at the 100% level and blended with carbon dioxide, is sold as a sterilant gas, primarily for use in the health care industry. It is used to sterilize a wide range of medical devices because of its versatility and effectiveness in treating hard or soft surfaces, composites, metals, tubing and different types of plastics without negatively impacting the performance of the device being sterilized. Our 100% ethylene oxide product and blends are distributed worldwide in specially designed, reusable and recyclable drum and cylinder packaging, to assure compliance with safety, quality and environmental standards as outlined by the applicable regulatory agencies in the countries our products are shipped to. Our inventory of these specially built drums and cylinders, along with our five filling facilities, represents a significant capital investment. Contract sterilizers and medical device manufacturers are principal customers for this product. We also sell single use canisters with 100% ethylene oxide for use in sterilizing re-usable devices typically processed in autoclave units in hospitals. As a fumigant, ethylene oxide blends are highly effective in killing bacteria, fungi, and insects in spices and other seasoning materials.

We also distribute a number of other gases for various uses, most notably propylene oxide and ammonia. Propylene oxide is marketed and sold in the U.S. as a fumigant to aid in the control of insects and microbiological spoilage; and to reduce bacterial and mold contamination in certain shell and processed nut meats, processed spices, cacao beans, cocoa powder, raisins, figs and prunes. We distribute our propylene oxide product in the U.S. primarily in recyclable, single-walled, carbon steel cylinders according to standards outlined by the EPA and the DOT. Propylene oxide is also sold worldwide to customers in approved reusable and recyclable drum and cylinder packaging for various chemical synthesis applications, such as increasing paint durability and manufacturing specialty starches and textile coatings. Ammonia is used primarily as a refrigerant, and also for heat treatment of metals and various chemical synthesis applications, and is distributed in reusable and recyclable drum and cylinder packaging approved for use in the countries these products are shipped to. Our inventory of cylinders for these products also represents a significant capital investment.

Our micronutrient agricultural nutrition business sells chelated minerals primarily into high value crops. We have a unique and patented two-step approach to solving mineral deficiency in plants to optimize health, yield and shelf-life. First, we determine optimal mineral balance for plant health. We then have a foliar applied Metalosate \( ^{®} \)  product range, utilizing patented amino acid chelate technology. Our products quickly and efficiently deliver mineral nutrients. As a result, the farmer/grower gets healthier crops that are more resistant to disease and pests, larger yields and healthier food for the consumer with extended shelf life for produce being shipped long distances.

## Industrial Products

Certain derivatives of choline chloride are manufactured and sold into industrial applications predominantly as a component for hydraulic fracturing of shale natural gas wells. Our products offer an attractive, effective and more environmentally responsible alternative than other clay stabilizers. Industrial grade choline bicarbonate is completely chloride free and our choline chloride reduces the amount of chlorides released into the environment up to 75% when compared to potassium chloride. The Industrial Products segment also includes the manufacture and sale of methylamines. Methylamines are a primary building block for the manufacture of choline products and are produced at our Italian operation and sold for a wide range of industrial applications in Europe.

## Acquisitions

On May 27, 2019, we acquired 100 percent of the outstanding common shares of Chemogas Holding NV, a privately held specialty gases company headquartered in Grimbergen, Belgium ("Chemogas"). We made payments of approximately €99,503 (translated to $111,324) on the acquisition date, amounting to approximately €88,579 (translated to $99,102) to the former shareholders and approximately €10,924 (translated to $12,222) to Chemogas' lender to pay off all Chemogas bank debt. Considering the cash acquired of €3,943 (translated to $4,412), net payments made to the former shareholders were €84,636 (translated to $94,690). The acquisition was primarily financed through our Credit Agreement (as defined below). Chemogas, through its subsidiary companies, has been a leader in the packaging and distribution of a wide variety of specialty gases, most notably ethylene oxide, primarily in the European and Asian markets, for medical device sterilization. Through its operational and logistical excellence, Chemogas supports its customers' needs across more than 70 countries. With the acquisition, we significantly expand our geographic presence in the packaged ethylene oxide market, enabling us to offer worldwide service and support to its medical device sterilization customers within the Specialty Products segment. The Chemogas sites in Europe and Asia, along with Balchem's sites in the United States form a global network of facilities.

On December 13, 2019, we completed an acquisition of Zumbro River Brand, Inc. ("Zumbro"), headquartered in Albert Lea, MN. We made payments of $52,403 on the acquisition date, amounting to $47,058 to the former shareholders and $5,345 to Zumbro's lenders to pay Zumbro debt. Considering the cash acquired of $686, net payments made to the former shareholders equaled



$46,372. The acquisition was primarily financed through the Company's Credit Agreement (as defined below). Zumbro specializes in developing, marketing, and manufacturing agglomerated and extruded products for the food and beverage industry and is a market leader in high protein and specialty extruded snacks, cereals, and crisps, marketed under the brands Z-Crisps \( ^{®} \) , Whey-Os \( ^{™} \) , Whey-Vs \( ^{™} \) , and Z-Texx Complete \( ^{™} \) . Zumbro is integrated within Balchem's HNH Segment.

## Raw Materials

The raw materials utilized by us in the manufacture of our products are sourced from suppliers both domestically and internationally. Such raw materials include materials derived from petrochemicals, minerals, metals, agricultural commodities and other readily available commodities and are subject to price fluctuations due to market conditions. We are not experiencing any current difficulties in procuring such materials and do not anticipate any such problems; however, we cannot assure that will always be the case.

## Intellectual Property

We currently hold 111 patents in the United States and overseas and use certain trade-names and trademarks. We also use know-how, trade secrets, formulae, and manufacturing techniques that assist in maintaining competitive positions of certain of our products. Formulae and know-how are of particular importance in the manufacture of a number of our proprietary products. We believe that certain of our patents, in the aggregate, are advantageous to our business. However, it is believed that no single patent or related group of patents is currently so material to us that the expiration or termination of any single patent or group of patents would materially affect our business. Our U.S. patents expire between 2020 and 2034. We believe that our sales and competitive position are dependent primarily upon the quality of our products, technical sales efforts and market conditions, rather than on patent protection.

## Seasonality

In general, the businesses of our segments are not seasonal to any material extent.

## Backlog

At December 31, 2019, we had a total backlog of $36,776 (comprised of $29,846 for the HNH segment; $4,723 for the ANH segment; $2,132 for the Specialty Products segment and $75 for the Industrial Products segment), as compared to a total backlog of $37,021 at December 31, 2018 (comprised of $26,432 for the HNH segment; $9,149 for the ANH segment; $549 for the Specialty Products segment and $891 for the Industrial Products segment). It has generally been our policy and practice to maintain an inventory of finished products and/or component materials for our segments to enable us to ship products within two months after receipt of a product order. All orders in the current backlog are expected to be filled in the 2020 fiscal year.

## Competition

Our competitors include many large and small companies, some of which have greater financial, research and development, production and other resources than us. Competition in the supplement, food and beverage markets we serve are based primarily on product performance, customer support, quality, service and price. The development of new and improved products is important to our success. This competitive environment requires substantial investments in product and manufacturing process research and development. In addition, the winning and retention of customer acceptance of our food and nutrition products involve substantial expenditures for application testing, either internally or at customer/prospect sites, and sales efforts. Our competition in this market includes a variety of ingredient and nutritional supplement companies many of which are privately-held. Therefore, it is difficult to assess the size of all of our segment competitors or where we rank in comparison to such privately-held competitors.

Competition in the animal feed and industrial markets we serve are based primarily on product performance, customer support, quality, service and price. The markets for our products are subject to competitive risks because these markets are highly price competitive. Our competition in this market includes a variety of animal nutrition and health ingredient companies, along with certain industrial companies, many of which are privately-held. Therefore, we are unable to assess the size of all of our competitors or where we rank in comparison to such privately-held competitors.

In the Specialty Products segment, our products face competition from alternative sterilizing technologies and products. Competition in this marketplace is based primarily on medical device compositions, product performance, customer support, quality, service and price. Our competition in this market includes sterilization companies, a number of which are privately-held.



## Research & Development

During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we incurred research and development expenses of approximately $11,377, $11,592, and $9,305, respectively, on Company-sponsored research and development for new products, improvements to existing products, and manufacturing processes. We have historically funded our research and development programs with funds available from current operations with the intent of recovering those costs from profits derived from future sales of products resulting from, or enhanced by, the research and development effort.

We prioritize our product development activities in an effort to allocate resources to those product candidates that, we believe, have the greatest commercial potential. Factors we consider in determining the products to pursue include projected markets and needs, status of our proprietary rights, technical feasibility, expected and known product attributes, and estimated costs to bring the product to market.

## Capital Projects

We continue to invest in projects across all production facilities and capital expenditures were approximately $25,790, $19,170, and $27,526 for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. In 2019, we invested $6,437 to expand capacity in key product lines in the HNH segment and to invest in several other large projects including a new quality, research and development lab. In addition, we invested $3,739 for environmental, health, safety, and security upgrades to our facilities. In 2018, we invested $5,662 to expand capacity in key product lines in the HNH segment along with upgrading automation systems in our manufacturing sites to drive efficiencies. In addition, we invested $3,137 for environmental, health, safety, and security upgrades to our facilities. In 2017, we spent approximately $13,200 to expand manufacturing capacity at our AMT facility in Utah to accommodate production previously manufactured in Clearfield, UT prior to the site fire. Capital expenditures are projected to range from $30,000 to $35,000 for 2020.

## Environmental / Regulatory Matters

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (“FIFRA”), a health and safety statute, requires that certain products within our Specialty Products segment must be registered with the EPA because they are considered pesticides. In order to obtain a registration, an applicant typically must demonstrate, through extensive test data, that its product will not cause unreasonable adverse effects on human health or the environment. We hold EPA registrations permitting us to sell ethylene oxide as a medical device sterilant and spice fumigant, and propylene oxide as a fumigant of nuts and spices.

In April 2008, the EPA issued a RED (“Reregistration Eligibility Decision”) for ethylene oxide which permitted the continued use of ethylene oxide “to sterilize medical or laboratory equipment, pharmaceuticals, and aseptic packaging, or to reduce microbial load on musical instruments, cosmetics, whole and ground spices and other seasoning materials and artifacts, archival material or library objects”. Currently, the EPA has initiated a new registration review of ethylene oxide, in line with and part of the registration review scheduled for a large number of other pesticides. A Final Work Plan was issued in March 2014. The EPA anticipates this registration review process will take approximately seven years. As part of this review process, the EPA identified several testing requirements. To date, after discussion with EPA staff and submission of pertinent information, the EPA has issued waivers for four studies and one required study was submitted and accepted. Several waiver requests are still under consideration, and additional information has been requested. In December 2016, the EPA issued its Integrated Risk Information System (“IRIS”) assessment of ethylene oxide (the "IRIS Assessment"), another aspect of EPA’s safety review of ethylene oxide. To date, we have no knowledge of how this IRIS assessment will impact the registration review process. While some additional testing will be necessary, we believe that the use of ethylene oxide will continue to be permitted. The product, when used as a sterilant for certain medical devices, has no known equally effective substitute. In October 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, in a public statement said, "Although medical devices can be sterilized by several methods, ethylene oxide is the most common method of sterilization of medical devices in the U.S. and is a well-established and scientifically-proven method of preventing harmful microorganisms from reproducing and causing infections." Management believes the lack of availability of this product could not be easily tolerated by various medical device manufacturers or the health care industry due to the resultant infection potential.

Similarly, the EPA issued a RED for propylene oxide in August 2006. At that time, the EPA “determined that products containing the active ingredient PPO [propylene oxide] are eligible for reregistration provided that…risk mitigation measures…are adopted.” Our product label was amended as required to reflect these mitigation measures and also to show that propylene oxide has been reclassified as a restricted use pesticide. Currently, the EPA has initiated a new registration review of propylene oxide, in line with and part of the registration review scheduled for a large number of other pesticides. A Final Work Plan was issued in March 2014. The EPA anticipates this review process will take approximately seven years. As part of the process, the EPA has identified several potential additional testing requirements. We have completed six of the required studies and they were submitted to the EPA for evaluation. Two of those studies have been deemed accepted, and the other four are still being evaluated. A waiver has



been granted for one study. We are currently in discussions with the EPA regarding other studies. While it is possible that we will be required to perform additional testing, we believe that the use of propylene oxide to treat nuts and spices will continue to be permitted.

Our facility in Verona, Missouri, while held by a prior owner, was designated by the EPA as a Superfund site and placed on the National Priorities List in 1983, because of dioxin contamination on portions of the site. Remediation was conducted by the prior owner under the oversight of the EPA and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (“MDNR”). While we must maintain the integrity of the capped areas in the remediation areas on the site, the prior owner is responsible for completion of any further Superfund remedy. We are indemnified by the sellers under our May 2001 asset purchase agreement covering our acquisition of the Verona facility for potential liabilities associated with the Superfund site and one of the sellers, in turn, has the benefit of certain contractual indemnification by the prior owner that executed the above-described Superfund remedy.

In connection with normal operations at our plant facilities, we are required to maintain environmental and other permits, including those relating to the ethylene oxide operations.

We believe we are in compliance in all material respects with federal, state, local and international provisions that have been enacted or adopted regulating the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment. Such compliance includes the maintenance of required permits under air pollution regulations and compliance with requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The cost of such compliance has not had a material effect upon the results of our operations or our financial condition.

We produce products which are required to be manufactured in conformity with current Good Manufacturing Practice (“cGMP”) regulations as interpreted and enforced by the FDA, through third party contract arrangement. Modifications, enhancements or changes in contracted manufacturing facilities or procedures relating to our pharmaceutical products are, in many circumstances, subject to FDA approval, which may be subject to a lengthy application process or which we may be unable to obtain. Any contracted manufacturing facilities that manufacture our pharmaceutical products are periodically subject to inspection by the FDA and other governmental agencies, and operations at these facilities could be interrupted or halted if the results of these inspections are unsatisfactory.

## Employees

As of December 31, 2019, the Company employed approximately 1,424 persons. Approximately 105 employees at our Marano, Ticino, Italy facility are covered by a national collective bargaining agreement, which expires in 2022. Approximately 22 employees at our Bertinoro, Italy facility are also covered by a national collective bargaining agreement, which expired in 2019 and is currently under negotiation. Approximately 78 employees at the Company’s Verona, Missouri facility are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, which expires in 2020.

## Available Information

Our headquarters is located at 52 Sunrise Park Road, New Hampton, NY 10958. Our telephone number is (845) 326-5600 and our Internet website address is www.balchem.com. We make available through our website, free of charge, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to such reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Such reports are available via a link from the Investor Relations page on our website to a list of our reports on the SEC’s EDGAR website.

## Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business is subject to a high degree of risk and uncertainty, including the following risks and uncertainties, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operation, cash flows and the trading price of our Common Stock:

Global economic conditions may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Unfavorable changes in economic conditions, including inflation, recession, changes in tariffs and trade relations amongst international trading partners, or other changes in economic conditions, may adversely impact the markets in which we operate. These conditions may make it extremely difficult for our customers, our vendors and us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities, and they could cause U.S. and foreign businesses to slow spending on our products which would reduce our revenues and profitability. Furthermore, during challenging economic times our customers may face issues gaining timely access to sufficient credit, which could result in an impairment of their ability to make timely payments to us. If that were to occur, we may be required to increase our allowance for doubtful accounts and cash flow would be negatively impacted. We cannot predict the timing, depth or duration of any economic slowdown or subsequent economic recovery, worldwide, or in the markets in which



we operate. Also, at any point in time we have funds in our cash accounts that are with third party financial institutions. These balances in the U.S., Italy, Belgium, Malaysia, Australia, Philippines, and Singapore could exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"), Fondo Interbancario di Tutela dei Depositi ("FITD"), Financial Services and Markets Authority ("FSMA"), Perbadanan Insurans Deposit Malaysia ("PIDM"), Australian Prudential Regulation Authority ("APRA"), Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation ("PDIC"), and Singapore Deposit Insurance Corporation ("SDIC") insurance limits, respectively. While we monitor the cash balances in our accounts, these balances could be impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail or could be subject to other adverse conditions in the financial markets. Additionally, our future results of operations could be adversely affected by changes in the effective tax rate as a result of a change in the mix of earnings in jurisdictions with differing statutory tax rates, changes in tax laws, regulations and judicial rulings or changes in the interpretation thereof.

Increased competition could hurt our business and financial results.

We face competition in our markets from a number of large and small companies, some of which have greater financial, research and development, production and other resources than we do. Our competitive position is based principally on performance, quality, customer support, service, breadth of product line, manufacturing or packaging technology and the selling prices of our products. Our competitors may improve the design and performance of their products and introduce new products with competitive price and performance characteristics. We expect to do the same to maintain our current competitive position and market share.

The loss of governmental permits and approvals would materially harm some of our businesses.

Pursuant to applicable environmental and safety laws and regulations, we are required to obtain and maintain certain governmental permits and approvals, including EPA registrations under FIFRA for two of our products. We maintain EPA FIFRA registrations for ethylene oxide as a medical device sterilant and spice fumigant and for propylene oxide as a fumigant of nuts and spices. The EPA has issued REDs for both products in recent years and these uses have been approved for the time being. The EPA may re-examine the registrations in the future in accordance with the provisions of FIFRA. Any future failure of the EPA to allow reregistration of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.

Commercial supply of pharmaceutical products that we may develop, subject to cGMP manufacturing regulations, will be performed by third-party cGMP manufacturers. Modifications, enhancements or changes in third-party manufacturing facilities or procedures of our pharmaceutical products are, in many circumstances, subject to FDA approval, which may be subject to a lengthy application process or which we may be unable to obtain. Any third-party cGMP manufacturers that we may use are periodically subject to inspection by the FDA and other governmental agencies, and operations at these facilities could be interrupted or halted if the results of these inspections are unsatisfactory. Failure to comply with the FDA or other governmental regulations can result in fines, unanticipated compliance expenditures, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production, enforcement actions, injunctions and criminal prosecution, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.

Permits and approvals may be subject to revocation, modification or denial under certain circumstances. Our operations or activities (including the status of compliance by the prior owner of the Verona, Missouri facility under Superfund remediation) could result in administrative or private actions, revocation of required permits or licenses, or fines, penalties or damages, which could have an adverse effect on us. In addition, we cannot predict the extent to which any legislation or regulation may affect the market for our products or our cost of doing business.

Raw material shortages or price increases could adversely affect our business and financial results.

The principal raw materials that we use in the manufacture of our products can be subject to price fluctuations due to market conditions. Such raw materials include materials derived from petrochemicals, minerals, metals, agricultural commodities and other commodities. While the selling prices of our products tend to increase or decrease over time with the cost of raw materials, these changes may not occur simultaneously or to the same degree. At times, we may be unable to pass increases in raw material costs through to our customers due to certain contractual obligations. Such increases in the price of raw materials, if not offset by product price increases, or substitute raw materials, would have an adverse impact on our profitability. We believe we have reliable sources of supply for our raw materials under normal market conditions. We cannot, however, predict the likelihood or impact of any future raw material shortages. Any shortages or unforeseen price increases could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

Concerns about ethylene oxide emissions have resulted in certain state actions against certain of our customers that are currently impacting these customers' ability to use the ethylene oxide process to sterilize medical devices, which may, in turn, affect sales to these customers.



Certain of the Company’s customers who use ethylene oxide for the sterilization of medical devices have received ongoing state and local scrutiny for environmental concerns at their facilities. This scrutiny centers around the IRIS Assessment described in the “Environmental / Regulatory Matters” Section above, which resulted in a very conservative view of the risks associated with the production and use of ethylene oxide. The EPA has not yet used the IRIS Assessment to regulate change to existing permissible emissions’ limits. In the absence of a definitive EPA regulation, some state and local regulators have drawn their own conclusions from the IRIS Assessment, which has resulted in certain state actions against our customers that are currently impacting these customers’ ability to use the ethylene oxide process to sterilize medical devices. Because of these actions, one customer facility has been shut down and other customers are taking voluntary downtime to install new abatement equipment. The installation of the new abatement equipment is being done ahead of what is expected to be changes in the EPA regulations. The Company remains confident that the sterilization industry will be able to install abatement equipment to satisfy the new forthcoming EPA requirements. The Company is working with various stakeholders to ensure the EPA considers all available assessments to appropriately quantify ethylene oxide’s risks. While the Company believes that EPA will, as it has in the past, ultimately regulate to lower emissions levels based on a combined consideration of the various assessments available and that industry will then adopt practices and procedures to ensure compliance with these new regulations, there is no assurance that this will be the case.

Our financial success depends in part on the reliability and sufficiency of our manufacturing facilities.

Our revenues depend on the effective operation of our manufacturing, packaging, and processing facilities. The operation of our facilities involves risks, including the breakdown, failure, or substandard performance of equipment, power outages, the improper installation or operation of equipment, explosions, fires, natural disasters, failure to achieve or maintain safety or quality standards, work stoppages, supply or logistical outages, and the need to comply with environmental and other directives of governmental agencies. The occurrence of material operational problems, including, but not limited to, the above events, could adversely affect our profitability during the period of such operational difficulties.

Our business exposes us to potential product liability claims and recalls, which could adversely impact our financial condition and performance.

Our development, manufacture and sales of food ingredient, pharmaceutical and nutritional supplement products involve an inherent risk of exposure to product liability claims, product recalls, product seizures and related adverse publicity. A product liability judgment against us could also result in substantial and unexpected expenditures, affect consumer confidence in our products, and divert management’s attention from other responsibilities. Although we maintain product liability insurance coverage in amounts we believe are customary within the industry, there can be no assurance that this level of coverage is adequate or that we will be able to continue to maintain our existing insurance or obtain comparable insurance at a reasonable cost, if at all. A product recall or a partially or completely uninsured judgment against us could have a material adverse effect on results of operations and financial condition.

We face risks associated with our sales to customers and manufacturing operations outside the United States.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, approximately 26% of our net sales consisted of sales outside the United States. In addition, we conduct a portion of our manufacturing outside the United States. The majority of our foreign sales occur through our foreign subsidiaries and the remainder of our foreign sales result from exports to foreign distributors, resellers and customers. Our foreign sales and operations are subject to a number of risks, including: longer accounts receivable collection periods; the impact of recessions and other economic conditions in economies outside the United States; export duties and quotas; changes in tariffs and trade relations including but not limited to those associated with the North American Free Trade Agreement and the pending exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union; unexpected changes in regulatory requirements; certification requirements; environmental regulations; reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries; potentially adverse tax consequences; political and economic instability; and preference for locally produced products. These factors could have a material adverse impact on our ability to increase or maintain our international sales.

We may, from time to time, experience problems in our labor relations.

In North America, approximately 78 employees, or 6% of our North American workforce, as of December 31, 2019, are represented by a union under a single collective bargaining agreement, which was re-negotiated and is effective as of November 14, 2017. It will expire in 2020. In Europe, approximately 105 employees at our Marano, Ticino, Italy facility are covered by a national collective bargaining agreement, which expires in 2022. Approximately 22 employees at our Bertinoro, Italy facility are also covered by a national collective bargaining agreement, which expired in 2019 and is currently under negotiation. We believe that our present labor relations with all our union employees are satisfactory, however, our failure to renew these agreements on



reasonable terms could result in labor disruptions and increased labor costs, which could adversely affect our financial performance. Similarly, if our relations with the union portion of our workforce do not remain positive, such employees could initiate a strike, work stoppage or slowdown in the future. In the event of such an action, we may not be able to adequately meet the needs of our customers using our remaining workforce and our operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. Additionally, other portions of our workforce could become subject to union campaigns.

Our international operations subject us to currency translation risk and currency transaction risk which could cause our results to fluctuate from period to period.

The financial condition and results of operations of our foreign subsidiaries are reported in Euros, Canadian Dollars, Malaysian Ringgits, Singapore Dollars, Australian Dollars, and Philippine Pesos and then translated into U.S. dollars at the applicable currency exchange rate for inclusion in our consolidated financial statements. Exchange rates between these currencies in recent years have fluctuated and may do so in the future. Furthermore, we incur currency transaction risk whenever we enter into either a purchase or a sales transaction using a currency different than the functional currency. Given the volatility of exchange rates, we may not be able to effectively manage our currency transactions and/or translation risks. Volatility in currency exchange rates could impact our business and financial results.

On May 28, 2019, we entered into a cross-currency swap to manage foreign exchange risk related to our investment in Chemogas. Although we utilize risk management tools, such as derivative instruments, to mitigate market fluctuations in foreign currencies, any changes in strategy in regard to risk management tools can also affect revenue, expenses and results of operations and there can be no assurance that such measures will result in cost savings or that all market fluctuation exposure will be eliminated.

Our debt instruments impose operating and financial restrictions which could have an adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

Our incurrence of indebtedness could have negative consequences to us, including limiting our ability to borrow additional monies for our working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements or other general corporate purposes; limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our operations, our business or the industries in which we compete; our leverage may place us at a competitive disadvantage by limiting our ability to invest in the business or in further research and development; making us more vulnerable to downturns in our business or the economy; and there would be a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition if we were unable to service our indebtedness or obtain additional financing, as needed.

Our ability to make payments on our indebtedness depends on our ability to generate cash in the future. If we do not generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service and working capital requirements, we may need to seek additional financing or sell assets. This may make it more difficult for us to obtain financing on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. Without any such financing, we could be forced to sell assets to make up for any shortfall in our payment obligations under unfavorable circumstances.

Interest payable in accordance with our five-year senior secured revolving credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") is based on a fluctuating rate. In light of potential fluctuations, we are exposed to risk resulting from adverse changes in interest rates.

On May 28, 2019, we entered into an interest rate swap to protect us against adverse fluctuations in interest rates by reducing its exposure to variability in cash flows relating to interest payments on a portion of our outstanding debt. We use LIBOR ("the London interbank offered rate") as a reference rate in the derivative agreements. LIBOR is the basic rate of interest used in lending between banks on the London interbank market and is widely used as a reference for setting the interest rate on loans globally. On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021. As such, the future of LIBOR at this time is uncertain. In preparation for the potential phase out of LIBOR, we may need to renegotiate our financial obligations and derivative instruments that utilize LIBOR. However, these efforts may not be successful in mitigating the legal and financial risk from changing the reference rate in our legacy agreements. Furthermore, the discontinuation of LIBOR may adversely impact our ability to manage and hedge exposures to fluctuations in interest rates using derivative instruments.

Adverse publicity or consumer concern regarding the safety or quality of food products containing our products, or health concerns, whether with our products, products in the same general class as our products or for food products containing our products, may result in the loss of sales. Also, consumer preferences for products containing our products may change.

We are dependent upon consumers’ perception of the safety, quality and possible dietary benefits of products containing our food ingredient products. As a result, substantial negative publicity concerning our products or other foods and beverages in which our



products are used could lead to a loss of consumer confidence in those products, removal of those products from retailers' shelves and reduced sales and prices of our products. Product quality issues, actual or perceived, or allegations of product contamination, even when false or unfounded, could hurt the image of our products or of brands of products containing our products, and cause consumers to choose other products. Further, any product recall, whether our own or by a third party, whether due to real or unfounded allegations, could impact demand on food products containing our products or even our products. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Consumer preferences, as well as trends, within the food industries change often and our failure to anticipate, identify or react to changes in these preferences and trends could, among other things, lead to reduced demand and price reductions, and could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. While we continue to diversify our product offerings, developing new products entails risks and we cannot be certain that demand for our products and products containing our products will continue at current levels or increase in the future.

Demand for certain of our products is dependent on the levels of productivity by the oil and gas industry, particularly as it relates to shale gas fracturing. Continuing substantial or extended declines in oil and gas prices could result in lower expenditures by the oil and gas industry, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

The oil and gas industry historically experiences periodic downturns and has been experiencing one of such downturns since second quarter of 2019. Demand for certain of our products depends on the level of expenditures by the oil and gas industry for the exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas reserves and we have seen declining demand since second quarter of 2019. These expenditures are generally dependent on the industry’s view of future oil and natural gas prices and are sensitive to the industry’s view of future economic growth and the resulting impact on demand for oil and natural gas. Further declines in oil and gas prices could result in a more significant downturn in the oil and gas industry and thereby result in further reduction in demand for oilfield services and related products, which could lead to further reduced demand for our products and further downward pressure on the prices we charge. These circumstances could ultimately have an adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows beyond those that we have already experienced.

We may not be able to successfully consummate and manage acquisition, joint venture and divestiture activities which could have an impact on our results.

From time to time, we may acquire other businesses, enter into joint ventures and, based on an evaluation of our business portfolio, divest existing businesses. These acquisitions, joint ventures and divestitures may present financial, managerial and operational challenges, including diversion of management attention from existing businesses, difficulty with integrating or separating personnel and financial and other systems, increased expenses, assumption of unknown liabilities and indemnities, and potential disputes with the buyers or sellers. In addition, we may be required to incur asset impairment charges (including charges related to tangible assets, goodwill and other intangible assets) in connection with acquired businesses which may reduce our profitability. If we are unable to consummate such transactions, or successfully integrate and grow acquisitions and achieve contemplated revenue synergies and cost savings, our financial results could be adversely affected. Additionally, joint ventures inherently involve a lesser degree of control over business operations, thereby potentially increasing the financial, legal, operational and/or compliance risks.

Technology failures or cyber security breaches could have an adverse effect on the Company’s operations.

We rely on information technology systems to process, transmit, store, and protect electronic information. For example, a significant portion of the communications between our personnel, customers, and suppliers depend on information technology. Our information technology systems may be vulnerable to a variety of interruptions due to events beyond our control including, but not limited to, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, hackers, and other security issues. We have technology and information security processes and disaster recovery plans in place to mitigate our risk to these vulnerabilities; however, these measures may not be adequate to ensure that our operations will not be disrupted, should such an event occur.

## Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.



## Item 2. Properties

Our corporate headquarters is located in New Hampton, New York. Our operations are conducted at our owned and leased facilities throughout the U.S. and other foreign countries. These facilities house manufacturing and warehousing operations, as well as administrative offices.

The following is a summary of our principal properties:

<table><tr><td>Segment</td><td>Location</td><td>Administrative</td><td>Manufacturing</td><td>Warehousing</td></tr><tr><td>Corporate</td><td>4 U.S. cities</td><td>4</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>HNH</td><td>15 U.S. cities and 3 foreign countries</td><td>2</td><td>13</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>ANH</td><td>5 U.S. cities and 4 foreign countries</td><td>1</td><td>8</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Specialty Products</td><td>5 U.S. cities and 6 foreign countries</td><td>1</td><td>9</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Industrial Products</td><td>1 U.S. city and 1 foreign country</td><td>-</td><td>2</td><td>-</td></tr></table>

We believe that our production facilities and related machinery and equipment, are well maintained, suitable for their purpose, and adequate to support our businesses.

## Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are involved in legal proceedings through the normal course of business. Management believes that any unfavorable outcome related to these proceedings will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

## PART II

Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

## Market Information

The Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “BCPC.”

On February 13, 2020 the closing price for the Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Market was $111.94.

## Record Holders

As of February 13, 2020, the approximate number of holders of record of Common Stock was 73. Such number does not include stockholders who hold their stock in street name.

## Dividends

We declared cash dividends of $0.52 and $0.47 per share on Common Stock during our fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.



## Performance Graph

The graph below sets forth the cumulative total stockholder return on the Common Stock (referred to in the table as “BCPC”) for the five years ended December 31, 2019, the overall stock market return during such period for shares comprising the Russell 2000 \( ^{\circledR} \)  Index (which we believe includes companies with market capitalization similar to that of us), and the overall stock market return during such period for shares comprising the Dow Jones U.S. Specialty Chemicals Index, in each case assuming a comparable initial investment of 100 on December 31, 2014 and the subsequent reinvestment of dividends. The Russell 2000 \( ^{\circledR} \)  Index measures the performance of the shares of the 2000 smallest companies included in the Russell 3000 \( ^{\circledR} \)  Index. In light of our industry segments, we do not believe that published industry-specific indices are necessarily representative of stocks comparable to us. Nevertheless, we consider the Dow Jones U.S. Specialty Chemicals Index to be potentially useful as a peer group index with respect to us. The performance of the Common Stock shown on the graph below is historical only and not necessarily indicative of future performance.



## Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The selected statements of operations data set forth below for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 and the selected balance sheet data as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 have been derived from our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere herein. The selected financial data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 have been derived from audited Consolidated Financial Statements not included herein, but which were previously filed with the SEC. The following information should be read in conjunction with Item 7 — “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included elsewhere herein.



<table><tr><td colspan="7">(In thousands, except per share data)</td></tr><tr><td>Year ended December 31,</td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Statement of Operations Data</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net sales</td><td>$ 643,705</td><td>$ 643,679</td><td>$ 594,790</td><td>$ 553,204</td><td>$ 552,492</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Earnings before income tax expense</td><td>96,478</td><td>99,030</td><td>88,488</td><td>82,934</td><td>87,063</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Income tax expense (benefit)</td><td>16,807</td><td>20,457</td><td>(1,583)</td><td>26,962</td><td>27,341</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net earnings</td><td>79,671</td><td>78,573</td><td>90,071</td><td>55,972</td><td>59,722</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Basic net earnings per common share</td><td>$ 2.48</td><td>$ 2.45</td><td>$ 2.83</td><td>$ 1.78</td><td>$ 1.92</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Diluted net earnings per common share</td><td>$ 2.45</td><td>$ 2.42</td><td>$ 2.79</td><td>$ 1.75</td><td>$ 1.89</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>At December 31,</td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td><td>2016</td><td>2015</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Balance Sheet Data</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total assets</td><td>$ 1,155,682</td><td>$ 981,355</td><td>$ 963,636</td><td>$ 948,626</td><td>$ 879,686</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Long-term debt (including current portion)</td><td>248,569</td><td>156,000</td><td>218,964</td><td>280,490</td><td>295,963</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other long-term obligations</td><td>12,654</td><td>7,372</td><td>5,847</td><td>6,896</td><td>6,683</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total Stockholders&#x27; equity</td><td>743,667</td><td>691,618</td><td>616,881</td><td>521,033</td><td>463,705</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dividends per common share</td><td>$ 0.52</td><td>$ 0.47</td><td>$ 0.42</td><td>$ 0.38</td><td>$ 0.34</td><td></td></tr></table>

## Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (All amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with Item 6 — “Selected Financial Data” and our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes included in this report. Refer to Part II, Item 7 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 (filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019) for additional discussion of our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017, as well as our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017. Those statements in the following discussion that are not historical in nature should be considered to be forward-looking statements that are inherently uncertain. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

## Overview

We develop, manufacture, distribute and market specialty performance ingredients and products for the nutritional, food, pharmaceutical, animal health, medical device sterilization, plant nutrition and industrial markets. Our four reportable segments are strategic businesses that offer products and services to different markets: HNH, ANH, Specialty Products, and Industrial Products, as more fully described in Note 11 of the consolidated financial statements.

We sell products for all four segments through our own sales force, independent distributors, and sales agents.

The following tables summarize consolidated net sales by segment and business segment earnings from operations for the three years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):



Business Segment Net Sales:

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>HNH</td><td>$ 347,433</td><td>$ 341,237</td><td>$ 315,796</td></tr><tr><td>ANH</td><td>177,557</td><td>175,693</td><td>157,688</td></tr><tr><td>Specialty Products</td><td>92,257</td><td>75,808</td><td>73,355</td></tr><tr><td>Industrial Products</td><td>26,458</td><td>50,941</td><td>47,951</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$ 643,705</td><td>$ 643,679</td><td>$ 594,790</td></tr></table>

Business Segment Earnings From Operations:

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>HNH</td><td>$ 48,429</td><td>$ 48,037</td><td>$ 43,747</td></tr><tr><td>ANH</td><td>25,868</td><td>26,607</td><td>22,255</td></tr><tr><td>Specialty Products</td><td>28,513</td><td>25,254</td><td>24,908</td></tr><tr><td>Industrial Products</td><td>3,730</td><td>8,988</td><td>6,402</td></tr><tr><td>Transaction and integration costs, ERP implementation costs, and unallocated legal fees  \( {}^{(1)} \)</td><td>(3,436)</td><td>(1,786)</td><td>(2,496)</td></tr><tr><td>Unallocated amortization expense  \( {}^{(2)} \)</td><td>(551)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Indemnification settlement  \( {}^{(3)} \)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>2,087</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$ 102,553</td><td>$ 107,100</td><td>$ 96,903</td></tr></table>

(1) Transaction and integration costs and unallocated legal fees for year ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 respectively, were primarily related to acquisitions. ERP implementation costs for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were related to a project in connection with a company-wide ERP system implementation.

(2) Unallocated amortization expense for year ended December 31, 2019 was related to amortization of an intangible asset in connection with a company-wide ERP system implementation.

(3) Indemnification settlement was related to a favorable settlement we received relating to the SensoryEffects acquisition.

## Acquisitions

On December 13, 2019, the Company completed an acquisition of Zumbro. The Company made payments of $52,403 on the acquisition date, amounting to $47,058 to the former shareholders and $5,345 to Zumbro's lenders to pay Zumbro debt. Considering the cash acquired of $686, net payments made to the former shareholders were $46,372. Zumbro is integrated within HNH Segment.

On May 27, 2019, we acquired Chemogas. We made payments of approximately €99,503 (translated to $111,324) on the acquisition date, amounting to approximately €88,579 (translated to $99,102) to the former shareholders and approximately €10,924 (translated to $12,222) to Chemogas' lender to pay off all Chemogas bank debt. Considering the cash acquired of €3,943 (translated to $4,412), net payments made to the former shareholders were €84,636 (translated to $94,690).



## RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
(All amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

## Fiscal Year 2019 compared to Fiscal Year 2018

## Net Earnings

<table><tr><td>(in thousands)</td><td colspan="2">2019</td><td colspan="2">2018</td><td>Increase (Decrease)</td><td>% Change</td></tr><tr><td>Net sales</td><td>$     643,705</td><td>$     643,679</td><td>$     26</td><td></td><td>— %</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gross margin</td><td>211,367</td><td>204,252</td><td>$     7,115</td><td></td><td>3.5 %</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operating expenses</td><td>108,814</td><td>97,152</td><td>$     11,662</td><td></td><td>12.0 %</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Earnings from operations</td><td>102,553</td><td>107,100</td><td></td><td>(4,547)</td><td></td><td>(4.2)%</td></tr><tr><td>Other expenses</td><td>6,075</td><td>8,070</td><td></td><td>(1,995)</td><td></td><td>(24.7)%</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax expense/(benefit)</td><td>16,807</td><td>20,457</td><td></td><td>(3,650)</td><td></td><td>(17.8)%</td></tr><tr><td>Net earnings</td><td>$     79,671</td><td>$     78,573</td><td>$     1,098</td><td></td><td>1.4 %</td><td></td></tr></table>

## Net Sales

<table><tr><td>(in thousands)</td><td colspan="2">2019</td><td colspan="2">2018</td><td>Increase (Decrease)</td><td>% Change</td></tr><tr><td>HNH</td><td>$     347,433</td><td>$     341,237</td><td>$     6,196</td><td></td><td>1.8 %</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ANH</td><td>177,557</td><td>175,693</td><td>1,864</td><td></td><td>1.1 %</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Specialty Products</td><td>92,257</td><td>75,808</td><td>16,449</td><td></td><td>21.7 %</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Industrial Products</td><td>26,458</td><td>50,941</td><td>(24,483)</td><td></td><td>(48.1)%</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$     643,705</td><td>$     643,679</td><td>$     26</td><td></td><td>— %</td><td></td></tr></table>

Net sales for the HNH segment increased in 2019 compared to 2018, primarily due to an increase in Encapsulates' sales of $3,207 or 8.1% and higher Human Minerals sale of $3,049 or 7.0%. Net sales for the ANH segment increased in 2019 compared to 2018 primarily due to higher sales of ruminant animal feed market products of $4,657 or 10%, partially offset by reduced sales of monogastric species products of $2,793 or 2.2% primarily due to foreign currency changes and competitive pressures on volume and pricing in the European monogastric business. The increase in Specialty Products segment sales in 2019 compared to 2018 was primarily driven by higher ethylene oxide sales into the medical device sterilization market due to both the contribution of Chemogas and higher legacy product sales, partially offset by lower volumes in the plant nutrition business. Net sales for the Industrial Products segment decreased in 2019 compared to 2018, principally due to lower sales volumes of various choline and choline derivatives used in shale fracking applications.

## Gross Margin

<table><tr><td>(in thousands)</td><td colspan="2">2019</td><td colspan="2">2018</td><td>Increase (Decrease)</td><td>% Change</td></tr><tr><td>Gross margin</td><td>$     211,367</td><td>$     204,252</td><td>$     7,115</td><td></td><td>3.5 %</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>% of net sales</td><td colspan="2">32.8 %</td><td colspan="2">31.7 %</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

Gross margin as a percentage of sales increased in 2019 compared to 2018 primarily due to mix and certain lower raw material costs. Gross margin percentage for the HNH segment remained flat at 30.8% in 2019 compared to 30.7% in 2018. Gross margin percentage for the ANH segment increased by 1.0%, due to certain lower raw material costs and increased average selling prices on ruminant animal feed products, partially offset by lower average selling prices in monogastric species products due to competitive pressures in Europe. Gross margin percentage for the Specialty Products segment decreased 1.8%, primarily due to mix, and gross margin percentage for the Industrial Products segment increased 2.2% from the prior year comparative period, primarily due to certain lower raw material costs and mix.



## Operating Expenses

<table><tr><td>(in thousands)</td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>Increase (Decrease)</td><td>% Change</td></tr><tr><td>Operating expenses</td><td>$ 108,814</td><td>$ 97,152</td><td>$ 11,662</td><td>12.0 %</td></tr><tr><td>% of net sales</td><td>16.9 %</td><td>15.1 %</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to incremental operating expenses related to the Chemogas and Zumbro acquisitions of $4,751, higher bad debt expenses of $1,733, an increase in outside services of $1,686, a restructuring charge in the HNH segment of $1,026, and higher transaction and integration costs of $486.

## Earnings From Operations

<table><tr><td>(in thousands)</td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>Increase (Decrease)</td><td>% Change</td></tr><tr><td>HNH</td><td>$ 48,429</td><td>$ 48,037</td><td>$ 392</td><td>0.8 %</td></tr><tr><td>ANH</td><td>25,868</td><td>26,607</td><td>(739)</td><td>(2.8)%</td></tr><tr><td>Specialty Products</td><td>28,513</td><td>25,254</td><td>3,259</td><td>12.9 %</td></tr><tr><td>Industrial Products</td><td>3,730</td><td>8,988</td><td>(5,258)</td><td>(58.5)%</td></tr><tr><td>Transaction and integration costs, ERP implementation costs, and unallocated legal fees</td><td>(3,436)</td><td>(1,786)</td><td>(1,650)</td><td>92.4 %</td></tr><tr><td>Unallocated amortization expense</td><td>(551)</td><td>—</td><td>(551)</td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td>Earnings from operations</td><td>$ 102,553</td><td>$ 107,100</td><td>$ (4,547)</td><td>(4.2)%</td></tr><tr><td>% of net sales (operating margin)</td><td>15.9 %</td><td>16.6 %</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

We are continuing to focus on leveraging our plant capabilities, driving efficiencies from core volume growth, and broadening product applications of human and animal health specialty ingredients into both the domestic and international markets. Earnings from operations for the HNH segment increased primarily due to the aforementioned higher sales, partially offset by higher operating expenses. ANH segment earnings from operations decreased primarily due to higher operating expenses, partially offset by the higher sales and improved gross margin percentage. The increase in earnings from operations for the Specialty Products segment was primarily due to the aforementioned higher volumes for sterilization gases as well as the contribution from Chemogas. Earnings from operations from the Industrial Products segment decreased primarily due to the aforementioned lower sale volumes.

## Other Expenses (Income)

<table><tr><td>(in thousands)</td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>Increase (Decrease)</td><td>% Change</td></tr><tr><td>Interest expense</td><td>$ 5,959</td><td>$ 7,611</td><td>$ (1,652)</td><td>(21.7)%</td></tr><tr><td>Other, net</td><td>116</td><td>459</td><td>(343)</td><td>(74.7)%</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>$ 6,075</td><td>$ 8,070</td><td>$ (1,995)</td><td>(24.7)%</td></tr></table>

Interest expense for 2019 and 2018 was primarily related to outstanding borrowings under our credit facility. In 2018, interest expense also included a write-off of $363 of deferred financing costs in connection with the extinguished debt in 2018.



<table><tr><td>(in thousands)</td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>Increase (Decrease)</td><td>% Change</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax expense (benefit)</td><td>$ 16,807</td><td>$ 20,457</td><td>$ (3,650)</td><td>(17.8)%</td></tr><tr><td>Effective tax rate</td><td>17.4 %</td><td>20.7 %</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

Our effective tax rate for 2019 and 2018 was 17.4% and 20.7%, respectively. The decrease is primarily due to lower international taxes related to the Patent Box Decree as described below, and certain lower U.S. state taxes, partially offset by a reduction in foreign tax credits.

Italy introduced an elective tax regime (“Patent Box Decree”) that allows companies to benefit from a fifty percent exemption from corporate income tax and local tax on income derived from the direct/indirect use of qualifying intellectual property. During 2019, Balchem Italia received the required ad hoc advance tax ruling. The benefit of the Patent Box Decree had a significant beneficial impact on our effective tax rate for 2019.

Additionally, proposed and final guidance were issued by the U.S. Department of Treasury related to foreign tax credits under the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("U.S. Tax Reform"), which was enacted on December 22, 2017. We will continue to evaluate and analyze the impact of the U.S. Tax Reform and the additional guidance that has been issued, and may be issued, by the U.S. Department of Treasury, the SEC, and/or the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") regarding this act.

We have analyzed any potential Base Erosion and Anti-Abuse Tax (“BEAT”) on related-party transactions and determined we met the gross receipts test but did not meet the level of base erosion payments that would subject us to BEAT in 2019.

We consider the undistributed earnings of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested outside of the United States on the basis of estimates that future domestic cash generation will be sufficient to meet future domestic cash needs and our specific plans for reinvestment of those subsidiary earnings. We project that our foreign earnings will be utilized offshore for working capital and future foreign growth. The determination of the unrecognized deferred tax liability on those undistributed earnings is not practicable due to our legal entity structure and the complexity of U.S. and local country tax laws. If we decide to repatriate the undistributed foreign earnings, we will need to recognize the income tax effects in the period we change our assertion on indefinite reinvestment.



## Contractual Obligations

The Company’s contractual obligations as of December 31, 2019, are summarized in the table below:

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">Contractual Obligations</td><td colspan="6">Payments due by period</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>2020</td><td>2021-2022</td><td>2023-2024</td><td>Thereafter</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operating lease obligations (1)</td><td>$ 13,064</td><td>$ 3,214</td><td>$ 3,938</td><td>$ 2,310</td><td>$ 3,602</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Purchase obligations (2)</td><td>37,221</td><td>37,221</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Debt obligations (3)</td><td>248,569</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>248,569</td><td>—</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Interest payment obligations (4)</td><td>25,688</td><td>7,348</td><td>14,696</td><td>3,644</td><td>—</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$ 324,542</td><td>$ 47,783</td><td>$ 18,634</td><td>$ 254,523</td><td>$ 3,602</td><td></td></tr></table>

 \( ^{(1)} \)  Principally includes obligations associated with future minimum non-cancelable operating lease obligations.

 \( ^{(2)} \)  Principally includes open purchase orders with vendors for inventory not yet received or recorded on our balance sheet.

 \( ^{(3)} \)  Consists of contractual obligations under the Credit Agreement, which was effective on June 27, 2018 and expires on June 27, 2023.

 \( ^{(4)} \)  Includes interest payments on debt obligations based on interest rates at December 31, 2019, and the assumption that there will be no prepayments of principal. This interest is related to the Credit Agreement that expires on June 27, 2023, and the Contractual Obligations table reflects this expiration date and related current contractual obligations.

The table above excludes a $4,762 liability for uncertain tax positions, including the related interest and penalties, recorded in accordance with ASC 740-10, as we are unable to reasonably estimate the timing of settlement, if any.

We know of no current or pending demands on, or commitments for, our liquid assets that will materially affect our liquidity.

We expect our operations to continue generating sufficient cash flow to fund working capital requirements and necessary capital investments. We are actively pursuing additional acquisition candidates. We could seek additional bank loans or access to financial markets to fund such acquisitions, our operations, working capital, necessary capital investments or other cash requirements should we deem it necessary to do so.

## Cash

Cash and cash equivalents increased to $65,672 at December 31, 2019 from $54,268 at December 31, 2018. At December 31, 2019, we had $35,213 of cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries. It is our intention to permanently reinvest these funds in foreign operations by continuing to make additional plant related investments, and potentially invest in partnerships or acquisitions; therefore, we do not currently expect to repatriate these funds to fund U.S. operations or obligations. However, if these funds are needed for U.S. operations, we could be required to pay additional withholding taxes to repatriate them. Working capital was $162,688 at December 31, 2019 as compared to $144,258 at December 31, 2018, an increase of $18,430. Working capital reflects the payment of the 2018 declared dividend in 2019 of $15,135 and proceeds from the sale of business and assets.

<table><tr><td>(in thousands)</td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>Increase (Decrease)</td><td>% Change</td></tr><tr><td>Cash flows provided by operating activities</td><td>124,461</td><td>118,697</td><td>5,764</td><td>4.9%</td></tr><tr><td>Cash flows used in investing activities</td><td>(156,225)</td><td>(31,991)</td><td>(124,234)</td><td>(388.3)%</td></tr><tr><td>Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities</td><td>43,385</td><td>(71,447)</td><td>114,832</td><td>160.7%</td></tr></table>

## Operating Activities

The increase in cash flows from operating activities was primarily due to improved accounts receivable.



## Investing Activities

As previously noted, on May 27, 2019, we acquired 100 percent of the outstanding common shares of Chemogas. In addition, on December 13, 2019, we completed an acquisition of Zumbro. Cash paid for both acquisitions, net of cash acquired, amounted to $141,062.

On September 6, 2019, we sold an insignificant portion of the business which is included in "proceeds from sale of business and assets" in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

We continue to invest in corporate projects, improvements across all production facilities, and intangible assets. Total investments in property, plant and equipment and intangible assets were $28,413 and $19,723 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

## Financing Activities

The acquisitions of Chemogas and Zumbro were primarily funded through the Credit Agreement. We borrowed $168,569 against the revolving loan and also made payments of $17,567 on the acquired debt. Total debt payments on the revolving loan amounted to $76,000 during 2019 and we had $251,431 available under the Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2019.

We have an approved stock repurchase program. The total authorization under this program is 3,763,038 shares. Since the inception of the program in June 1999, a total of 2,431,767 shares have been purchased, and we had 203,879 shares remaining in treasury at December 31, 2019. We intend to acquire shares from time to time at prevailing market prices if and to the extent we deem it is advisable to do so based on our assessment of corporate cash flow, market conditions and other factors. The Company also repurchases shares from employees in connection with settlement of transactions under the Company's equity incentive plans.

Proceeds from stock options exercised were $4,839 and $8,272 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Dividend payments were $15,135 and $13,432 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

## Other Matters Impacting Liquidity

We currently provide postretirement benefits in the form of two retirement medical plans, as discussed in Note 15 – Employee Benefit Plans. The liability recorded in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $1,076 and $1,174, respectively, and the plans are not funded. Historical cash payments made under these plans have typically been less than $100 per year. We do not anticipate any changes to the payments made in the current year for the plans.

On June 1, 2018, we established an unfunded, nonqualified deferred compensation plan maintained for the benefit of a select group of management or highly compensated employees. Assets of the plan are held in a rabbi trust, which are included in non-current assets on our balance sheet. They are subject to additional risk of loss in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of the Company. The deferred compensation liability as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $1,982 and $265, respectively, and is included in other long-term obligations on our balance sheet.

Chemogas has an unfunded defined benefit plan. The plan provides for the payment of a lump sum at retirement or payments in case of death of the covered employees. The amount recorded for these obligations on our balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 was $596 and was included in other long-term obligations.

## Related Party Transactions

We were engaged in related party transactions with St. Gabriel CC Company, LLC for the year ended December 31, 2019. Refer to Note 18, "Related Party Transactions".

## Critical Accounting Policies

Our management is required to make certain estimates and assumptions during the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These estimates and assumptions impact the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those estimates.



Our “critical accounting policies” are those that require application of management's most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and that may change in subsequent periods. Management considers the following accounting policies to be critical.

## Revenue Recognition

Revenue for each of our business segments is recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to realize in exchange for those goods. We report amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling as revenue and include costs incurred for shipping and handling in cost of sales. Amounts received for unshipped merchandise are not recognized as revenue but rather they are recorded as customer deposits and are included in current liabilities. In instances of shipments made on consignment, revenue is recognized when control is transferred to the customer.

ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, was adopted for the fiscal year beginning on January 1, 2018. Per the standard, revenue-generating contracts are assessed to identify distinct performance obligations, allocating transaction prices to those performance obligations, and criteria for satisfaction of a performance obligation. The standard allows for recognition of revenue only when we have satisfied a performance obligation through transferring control of the promised good or service to a customer. Control, in this instance, may mean the ability to prevent other entities from directing the use of, and receiving benefit from, a good or service. The standard indicates that an entity must determine at contract inception whether it will transfer control of a promised good or service over time or satisfy the performance obligation at a point in time through analysis of the following criteria: (i) the entity has a present right to payment, (ii) the customer has legal title, (iii) the customer has physical possession, (iv) the customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership and (v) the customer has accepted the asset. We assess collectability based primarily on the customer’s payment history and on the creditworthiness of the customer.

## Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (first in, first out or average) or net realizable value and have been reduced by an allowance for excess or obsolete inventories. The write-down of potentially obsolete or slow-moving inventory is recorded based on management’s assumptions about future demand and market conditions.

## Long-lived assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets with finite lives, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset, which is generally based on discounted cash flows. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we incurred impairment charges of $1,026 in connection with a restructuring in the HNH segment.

Goodwill represents the excess of costs over fair value of assets of businesses acquired. ASC 350, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other,” requires the use of the acquisition method of accounting for a business combination and defines an intangible asset. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized but are instead assessed for impairment annually and more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired, in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350. We performed our annual test as of October 1. ASC 350 also requires that intangible assets with estimable useful lives be amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values, and reviewed for impairment if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.

In accordance with ASU No. 2011-08, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment” (“ASU 2011-08”), we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is “more likely than not” (i.e. a likelihood of more than 50%) that the fair values of our reporting units are less than their respective carrying amounts, including goodwill, as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two step goodwill impairment test. If determined to be necessary, the two-step impairment test shall be used to identify potential goodwill impairment and measure the amount of a goodwill impairment loss to be recognized (if any). We have an unconditional option to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to performing the first step of the goodwill impairment test.



In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU 2017-04”), which addresses changes to the testing for goodwill impairment by eliminating Step 2 of the process. The guidance is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted; however we have elected not to adopt early as this ASU will not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

As of October 1, 2019 and 2018, we opted to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceeded directly to performing the first step of the goodwill impairment test. We assessed the fair values of our reporting units by utilizing the income approach, based on a discounted cash flow valuation model as the basis for our conclusions, as well as the market approach and cost approach. Our estimates of future cash flows included significant management assumptions such as revenue growth rates, operating margins, discount rates, estimated terminal values and future economic and market conditions. Our assessment concluded that the fair values of the reporting units exceeded their carrying amounts, including goodwill. Accordingly, the goodwill of the reporting units was not considered impaired. We may perform the qualitative assessment in subsequent periods.

## Accounts Receivable

We market our products worldwide to a diverse customer base, principally throughout the Americas, Europe, and Asia. We grant credit terms in the normal course of business to our customers. We perform on-going credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based upon payment history and the customer's current credit worthiness, as determined through review of their current credit information. We continuously monitor collections and payments from customers and maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. Estimated losses are based on historical experience and any specific customer collection issues identified. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances and related bad debt expense may be required.

## Post-employment Benefits

We provide life insurance, health care benefits, and defined benefit pension plan payments for certain eligible retirees and health care benefits for certain retirees’ eligible survivors. The costs and obligations related to these benefits reflect our assumptions as to health care cost trends and key economic conditions including discount rates, expected rate of return on plan assets, and expected salary increases. The cost of providing plan benefits also depends on demographic assumptions including retirements, mortality, turnover, and plan participation. If actual experience differs from these assumptions, the cost of providing these benefits could increase or decrease.

In accordance with ASC 715, “Compensation-Retirement Benefits,” we are required to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit post retirement plan (other than a multiemployer plan) as an asset or liability in our statement of financial position, and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income.

## Intangible Assets with Finite Lives

The useful life of an intangible asset is based on our assumptions regarding expected use of the asset; the relationship of the intangible asset to another asset or group of assets; any legal, regulatory or contractual provisions that may limit the useful life of the asset or that enable renewal or extension of the asset's legal or contractual life without substantial cost; the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition and other economic factors; and the level of maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected future cash flows from the asset and their related impact on the asset's useful life. If events or circumstances indicate that the life of an intangible asset has changed, it could result in higher future amortization charges or recognition of an impairment loss. For the year ended December 31, 2019, there were no triggering events which required intangible asset impairment reviews.

## Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the fiscal year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Valuation allowances would be established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, in full or in part, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including our past operating results, our forecast of future market growth, forecasted earnings, future taxable income, and prudent and



feasible tax planning strategies. The assumptions utilized in determining future taxable income require significant judgment and are consistent with the plans and estimates we are using to manage the underlying businesses.

We recognize uncertain income tax positions taken on income tax returns at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained.

Our policy for recording interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions is to record such items as a component of our income tax provision.

As of December 31, 2019, we have federal and state income tax net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards of $7,078, which will expire in 2034. We believe that the benefit from the state NOL carryforwards will be realized. Therefore, a valuation allowance is not required to be established. However, the Company also acquired an insignificant amount of NOL carryforwards with the acquisition of Chemogas. These NOLs are not expected to be realized and therefore a valuation allowance on these items was established as of December 31, 2019. There was no valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2018.

We consider the undistributed earnings of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested outside of the United States on the basis of estimates that future domestic cash generation will be sufficient to meet future domestic cash needs and our specific plans for reinvestment of those subsidiary earnings. We project that our foreign earnings will be utilized offshore for working capital and future foreign growth. The determination of the unrecognized deferred tax liability on those undistributed earnings is not practicable due to our legal entity structure and the complexity of U.S. and local country tax laws. If we decide to repatriate the undistributed foreign earnings, we will need to recognize the income tax effects in the period we change our assertion on indefinite reinvestment.

## Stock-based Compensation

We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation.” Under the fair value recognition provisions of this statement, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the value of the award and is recognized as expense over the vesting period. Determining the fair value of share-based awards at the grant date requires judgment, including estimating our stock price volatility, employee stock option exercise behaviors and employee option forfeiture rates. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of our stock. The expected term of the options is based on our historical experience of employees’ exercise behavior. As stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, the amount of expense has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. ASC 718 allows for forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience. If factors change and we employ different assumptions in the application of ASC 718, the compensation expense that we record in future periods may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the current period. See Note 3 in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

## New Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements regarding recent accounting pronouncements.

## Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our cash and cash equivalents are held primarily in certificates of deposit and money market investment funds. In the second quarter of 2019, we entered into an interest rate swap and cross-currency swap for hedging purposes. Refer to details noted below (see Note 20). Additionally, as of December 31, 2019, our borrowings were under a revolving loan bearing interest at a fluctuating rate as defined by the Credit Agreement plus an applicable rate. The applicable rate is based upon our consolidated net leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement. A 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates, applied to our borrowings at December 31, 2019, would result in an increase or decrease in annual interest expense and a corresponding reduction or increase in cash flow of approximately $2,486. We are exposed to commodity price risks, including prices of our primary raw materials. Our objective is to seek a reduction in the potential negative earnings impact of raw material pricing arising in our business activities. We manage these financial exposures, where possible, through pricing and operational means. Our practices may change as economic conditions change.



## Interest Rate Risk

We have exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates, including the interest rate relating to our credit agreement dated June 27, 2018. In the second quarter of 2019, we began to manage our interest rate exposure through the use of derivative instruments. All of our derivative instruments are utilized for risk management purposes, and are not used for trading or speculative purposes. We have hedged a portion of our floating interest rate exposure using an interest rate swap (see Note 20 to our consolidated financial statements). As of December 31, 2019, the notional amount of our outstanding interest rate swap was $108,569.

## Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

The financial condition and results of operations of our foreign subsidiaries are reported in Euros, Canadian Dollars, Malaysian Ringgits, Singapore Dollars, Australian Dollars, and Philippine Pesos and then translated into U.S. dollars at the applicable currency exchange rate for inclusion in our consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange risk related to these currencies. Specifically, we are exposed to changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and Euro. In the second quarter of 2019, we entered into a cross-currency swap, with a notional amount of $108,569, which we designated as a hedge of our net investment in Chemogas.



## Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Index to Financial Statements and Supplementary Data: Page Numbers

<table><tr><td>Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td>Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td>Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td>Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td>Consolidated Statements of Stockholders&#x27; Equity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td>Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017</td><td>61</td></tr></table>



# Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Balchem Corporation

## Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Balchem Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes and schedule listed at Item 8 (collectively, the financial statements). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.

As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management has excluded Chemogas Holding NV and its subsidiaries (“Chemogas”) and Zumbro River Brand, Inc. (“Zumbro”) from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, because they were acquired by the Company in purchase business combinations in the second and fourth quarters, respectively, of 2019. We have also excluded Chemogas and Zumbro from our audit of internal control over financial reporting. Chemogas and Zumbro are wholly owned subsidiaries whose total assets and net sales represent approximately 15 percent and 3 percent, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019.

## Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements and an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

## Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.



Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

## Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

## Valuation of Customer Relationships

As described in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company completed the acquisition of Chemogas Holding NV and its subsidiaries (Chemogas) in May 2019 for $111.3 million, which resulted in $42.7 million of intangible assets being recorded, primarily consisting of $39.2 million in customer relationships. Management used the excess earnings method, a form of the income valuation approach, to determine the fair value of the customer relationships acquired, which required management to make significant judgment in formulating the significant estimates and assumptions about sales, operating margins, attrition rates, growth rates, and discount rates based on budgets, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows and market place data.

We identified the Company’s valuation of the customer relationships due to of the acquisition of Chemogas as a critical audit matter as there was a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and audit effort, including the use of our fair value specialist, involved in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to the significant estimates and assumptions utilized by management, including sales, operating margins, attrition rates, growth rates, and discount rates, when calculating the fair value of the acquired customer relationships.

Our audit procedures related to the Company’s valuation of acquired customer relationships as part of the Chemogas acquisition included the following, among others:

- We obtained an understanding of the relevant controls related to the valuation of acquired customer relationships and tested such controls for design and operating effectiveness, including management review controls related to the development of the significant assumptions including sales, operating margins, attrition rates, growth rates, and discount rates.

- We utilized historical data and compared management’s sales and operating margin forecasts to the most recent actual data available to determine reasonableness of assumptions for sales, operating margins, attrition rates, and growth rates.

- With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the discount rates and, tested the relevance and reliability of source information underlying the determination of the discount rates and testing the mathematical accuracy of the calculation, and developed a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rates selected by management.

## Valuation of Reporting Units for Goodwill Impairment Testing

As described in Note 1 and 6 to the financial statements, the Company’s goodwill balance was $524 million as of December 31, 2019. The Company performed an annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1, 2019 using a quantitative evaluation for each of their reporting units. The Company determines the fair value of its reporting units using the income approach, based on a discounted cash flow valuation model. To test for goodwill impairment, the Company compares fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. When estimating the fair value of each reporting unit management makes significant estimates and assumptions related to a number of factors. The Company considers the impact of factors that are specific to each of the reporting units such as industry and economic changes as well as projected revenue and expense growth rates based upon annual budgets and longer-range strategic plans, which are highly sensitive to changes in domestic and foreign economic conditions, and the selection of an appropriate discount rate.

Given the significant estimates and assumptions management makes to estimate the fair value of the reporting units and the sensitivity of the operations to changes in U.S. and foreign economic conditions, we identified management’s assumptions related to the revenue and expense growth rates and the discount rates utilized in the valuation of the reporting units utilized in Company’s goodwill impairment tests as a critical audit matter. Auditing the reasonableness of management’s estimates and assumptions required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists.



Our audit procedures related to revenue and expense growth rates and discount rate utilized in the valuation of the Company’s reporting units included the following, among others:

- We obtained an understanding of the relevant controls related to the valuation of the Company’s reporting units and tested such controls for design and operating effectiveness, including management review controls related to revenue and expense growth rates and the selection of an appropriate discount rate.

- We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s forecasted revenue and expense growth rates by comparing actual results to management’s historical forecasts.

- Due to the uncertain U.S and foreign economic growth, we evaluated the reasonableness of management’s forecasts of revenue and expense growth rates by comparing the forecasts to (1) the historical results, (2) internal communications to management and the board of directors, and (3) external communications made by management to analysts and investors.

- We evaluated changes in the regulatory environment using industry reports containing analysis of the Company’s markets and assessed whether these changes were reflected in management’s forecasts of revenue and expense growth rates.

- With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the discount rates and tested the relevance and reliability of source information underlying the determination of the discount rates, tested the mathematical accuracy of the calculation, and developed a range of independent estimates and compared those to the discount rates selected by management.

## /s/ RSM US LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2004.

New York, New York

February 21, 2020



## BALCHEM CORPORATION
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2019 and 2018
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td>Current assets:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cash and cash equivalents</td><td>$ 65,672</td><td>$ 54,268</td></tr><tr><td>Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,080 and $610 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively</td><td>93,444</td><td>99,545</td></tr><tr><td>Inventories</td><td>83,893</td><td>67,187</td></tr><tr><td>Prepaid expenses</td><td>4,385</td><td>3,830</td></tr><tr><td>Prepaid income taxes</td><td>5,098</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Other current assets</td><td>2,454</td><td>1,484</td></tr><tr><td>Total current assets</td><td>254,946</td><td>226,314</td></tr><tr><td>Property, plant and equipment, net</td><td>216,859</td><td>190,919</td></tr><tr><td>Goodwill</td><td>523,998</td><td>447,995</td></tr><tr><td>Intangible assets with finite lives, net</td><td>143,924</td><td>109,405</td></tr><tr><td>Right of use assets</td><td>7,338</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Other assets</td><td>8,617</td><td>6,722</td></tr><tr><td>Total assets</td><td>$ 1,155,682</td><td>$ 981,355</td></tr><tr><td>Liabilities and Stockholders&#x27; Equity</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Current liabilities:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trade accounts payable</td><td>$ 37,267</td><td>$ 33,345</td></tr><tr><td>Accrued expenses</td><td>24,604</td><td>22,025</td></tr><tr><td>Accrued compensation and other benefits</td><td>11,057</td><td>11,022</td></tr><tr><td>Dividends payable</td><td>16,855</td><td>15,220</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax payable</td><td>—</td><td>444</td></tr><tr><td>Lease liabilities - current</td><td>2,475</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Total current liabilities</td><td>92,258</td><td>82,056</td></tr><tr><td>Revolving loan</td><td>248,569</td><td>156,000</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred income taxes</td><td>56,431</td><td>44,309</td></tr><tr><td>Lease liabilities - non-current</td><td>4,827</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Derivative liabilities</td><td>2,103</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Other long-term obligations</td><td>7,827</td><td>7,372</td></tr><tr><td>Total liabilities</td><td>412,015</td><td>289,737</td></tr><tr><td>Commitments and contingencies (note 16)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stockholders&#x27; equity:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Preferred stock, $25 par value. Authorized 2,000,000 shares; none issued and outstanding</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Common stock, $0.0667 par value. Authorized 120,000,000 shares; 32,405,796 shares issued and 32,201,917 outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 32,256,915 shares issued and 32,256,209 shares outstanding at December 31, 2018, respectively</td><td>2,161</td><td>2,151</td></tr><tr><td>Additional paid-in capital</td><td>174,218</td><td>165,098</td></tr><tr><td>Retained earnings</td><td>590,921</td><td>528,027</td></tr><tr><td>Accumulated other comprehensive loss</td><td>(5,564)</td><td>(3,602)</td></tr><tr><td>Treasury stock, at cost: 203,879 and 706 shares at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively</td><td>(18,069)</td><td>(56)</td></tr><tr><td>Total stockholders&#x27; equity</td><td>743,667</td><td>691,618</td></tr><tr><td>Total liabilities and stockholders&#x27; equity</td><td>$ 1,155,682</td><td>$ 981,355</td></tr></table>

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.



BALCHEM CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Earnings
Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
(In thousands, except per share data)

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>Net sales</td><td>$ 643,705</td><td>$ 643,679</td><td>$ 594,790</td></tr><tr><td>Cost of sales</td><td>432,338</td><td>439,427</td><td>405,781</td></tr><tr><td>Gross margin</td><td>211,367</td><td>204,252</td><td>189,009</td></tr><tr><td>Operating expenses:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Selling expenses</td><td>60,932</td><td>57,219</td><td>54,720</td></tr><tr><td>Research and development expenses</td><td>11,377</td><td>11,592</td><td>9,305</td></tr><tr><td>General and administrative expenses</td><td>36,505</td><td>28,341</td><td>28,081</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>108,814</td><td>97,152</td><td>92,106</td></tr><tr><td>Earnings from operations</td><td>102,553</td><td>107,100</td><td>96,903</td></tr><tr><td>Other expenses:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Interest expense, net</td><td>5,959</td><td>7,611</td><td>7,532</td></tr><tr><td>Other, net</td><td>116</td><td>459</td><td>883</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>6,075</td><td>8,070</td><td>8,415</td></tr><tr><td>Earnings before income tax expense</td><td>96,478</td><td>99,030</td><td>88,488</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax expense/(benefit)</td><td>16,807</td><td>20,457</td><td>(1,583)</td></tr><tr><td>Net earnings</td><td>$ 79,671</td><td>$ 78,573</td><td>$ 90,071</td></tr><tr><td>Basic net earnings per common share</td><td>$ 2.48</td><td>$ 2.45</td><td>$ 2.83</td></tr><tr><td>Diluted net earnings per common share</td><td>$ 2.45</td><td>$ 2.42</td><td>$ 2.79</td></tr></table>

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.



BALCHEM CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
(In thousands)

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>Net earnings</td><td>$ 79,671</td><td>$ 78,573</td><td>$ 90,071</td></tr><tr><td>Other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net foreign currency translation adjustment</td><td>(891)</td><td>(2,982)</td><td>5,404</td></tr><tr><td>Unrealized loss on cash flow hedge, net of taxes of $372 at December 31, 2019</td><td>(1,399)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Net change in postretirement benefit plan, net of taxes of $101, $434, and $207 at December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively</td><td>328</td><td>1,022</td><td>(197)</td></tr><tr><td>Other comprehensive (loss)/income</td><td>(1,962)</td><td>(1,960)</td><td>5,207</td></tr><tr><td>Comprehensive income</td><td>$ 77,709</td><td>$ 76,613</td><td>$ 95,278</td></tr></table>

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.



Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">Balance - December 31, 2016</td><td colspan="3">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)</td><td rowspan="2">Common Stock Amount</td><td rowspan="2">Treasury Stock Shares</td><td rowspan="2">Additional Paid-in Capital</td></tr><tr><td>Total Stockholders&#x27; Equity</td><td>Retained Earnings</td><td>Total Stockholders&#x27; Equity</td></tr><tr><td>Net earnings</td><td>$ 521,033</td><td>$ 388,089</td><td>$ (8,849)</td><td>$ 317,578,861</td><td>$ 2,117</td><td>$ 137,676</td></tr><tr><td>Other comprehensive income</td><td>90,071</td><td>90,071</td><td>(57)</td><td>5,207</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Dividends (5,412 per share)</td><td>(13,464)</td><td>(13,464)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Treasury shares purchased</td><td>(1,905)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>(23,182)</td><td>(1,905)</td></tr><tr><td>Shares and options issued under stock plans and an income tax benefit of 2,354</td><td>15,996</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>261,744</td><td>18</td><td>23,182</td></tr><tr><td>Balance December 31, 2017</td><td>$ 616,881</td><td>$ 464,639</td><td>$ (1,642)</td><td>$ 32,019,605</td><td>$ 2,135</td><td>$ 151,749</td></tr><tr><td>Net earnings</td><td>78,573</td><td>78,573</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Other comprehensive loss, net of cumulative effect of accounting change</td><td>(1,956)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Dividends (5,417 per share)</td><td>(15,185)</td><td>(15,185)</td><td>(1,960)</td><td>—</td><td>(16,755)</td><td>(1,394)</td></tr><tr><td>Treasury shares purchased</td><td>(13,394)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>16</td><td>13,338</td></tr><tr><td>Shares and options issued under stock plans</td><td>14,703</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>237,310</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Balance December 31, 2018</td><td>$ 691,618</td><td>$ 528,027</td><td>$ (3,602)</td><td>$ 32,256,915</td><td>$ 2,151</td><td>$ 165,098</td></tr><tr><td>Net earnings</td><td>79,671</td><td>79,671</td><td>(1,962)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Other comprehensive loss</td><td>(1,962)</td><td>(16,777)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>(240,995)</td><td>(21,321)</td></tr><tr><td>Dividends (5,512 per share)</td><td>(21,321)</td><td>(16,777)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>10</td><td>3,782</td></tr><tr><td>Treasury shares purchased</td><td>12,438</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>148,881</td><td>—</td><td>9,120</td></tr><tr><td>Shares and options issued under stock plans</td><td>743,667</td><td>$ 590,921</td><td>$ (5,564)</td><td>$ 2,405,796</td><td>$ 2,160</td><td>$ (203,879)</td></tr></table>

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.



## BALCHEM CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
(In thousands)

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>Cash flows from operating activities:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net earnings</td><td>$ 79,671</td><td>$ 78,573</td><td>$ 90,071</td></tr><tr><td>Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Depreciation and amortization</td><td>45,862</td><td>44,666</td><td>44,379</td></tr><tr><td>Stock compensation expense</td><td>7,596</td><td>6,413</td><td>6,264</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred income taxes</td><td>(3,563)</td><td>(5,403)</td><td>(28,777)</td></tr><tr><td>Provision for doubtful accounts</td><td>1,776</td><td>43</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign currency transaction (gain)/loss</td><td>72</td><td>(141)</td><td>340</td></tr><tr><td>Asset impairment charge</td><td>1,140</td><td>1,801</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>(Gain)/Loss on disposal of assets</td><td>(3,134)</td><td>(3,244)</td><td>254</td></tr><tr><td>Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquired balances</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Accounts receivable</td><td>11,623</td><td>(7,773)</td><td>(3,906)</td></tr><tr><td>Inventories</td><td>(11,401)</td><td>(6,016)</td><td>(319)</td></tr><tr><td>Prepaid expenses and other current assets</td><td>477</td><td>1,517</td><td>(439)</td></tr><tr><td>Accounts payable and accrued expenses</td><td>1,134</td><td>5,988</td><td>1,511</td></tr><tr><td>Income taxes</td><td>(5,664)</td><td>1,121</td><td>449</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>(1,128)</td><td>1,152</td><td>722</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash provided by operating activities</td><td>124,461</td><td>118,697</td><td>110,618</td></tr><tr><td>Cash flows from investing activities:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Capital expenditures and intangible assets acquired</td><td>(28,413)</td><td>(19,723)</td><td>(28,117)</td></tr><tr><td>Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired</td><td>(141,062)</td><td>(17,399)</td><td>(17,393)</td></tr><tr><td>Proceeds from sale of business and assets</td><td>11,523</td><td>966</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><td>Proceeds from insurance</td><td>2,727</td><td>4,165</td><td>2,792</td></tr><tr><td>Purchase of convertible note</td><td>(1,000)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash used in investing activities</td><td>(156,225)</td><td>(31,991)</td><td>(42,696)</td></tr><tr><td>Cash flows from financing activities:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Proceeds from revolving loan</td><td>168,569</td><td>210,750</td><td>25,000</td></tr><tr><td>Principal payments on revolving loan</td><td>(76,000)</td><td>(54,750)</td><td>(44,000)</td></tr><tr><td>Principal payments on long-term debt</td><td>—</td><td>(219,500)</td><td>(43,000)</td></tr><tr><td>Principal payment on acquired debt</td><td>(17,567)</td><td>(19)</td><td>(2,384)</td></tr><tr><td>Cash paid for financing costs</td><td>—</td><td>(1,374)</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Proceeds from stock options exercised</td><td>4,839</td><td>8,272</td><td>9,732</td></tr><tr><td>Dividends paid</td><td>(15,135)</td><td>(13,432)</td><td>(12,069)</td></tr><tr><td>Purchase of treasury stock</td><td>(21,321)</td><td>(1,394)</td><td>(1,905)</td></tr><tr><td>Net cash used in by financing activities</td><td>43,385</td><td>(71,447)</td><td>(68,626)</td></tr><tr><td>Effect of exchange rate changes on cash</td><td>(217)</td><td>(1,407)</td><td>2,477</td></tr><tr><td>Increase/(Decrease) in cash and cash equivalents</td><td>11,404</td><td>13,852</td><td>1,773</td></tr><tr><td>Cash and cash equivalents beginning of period</td><td>54,268</td><td>40,416</td><td>38,643</td></tr><tr><td>Cash and cash equivalents end of period</td><td>$ 65,672</td><td>$ 54,268</td><td>$ 40,416</td></tr></table>

Supplemental Cash Flow Information - see Note 13

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.



# NOTE 1 - BUSINESS DESCRIPTION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

## Business Description

Balchem Corporation (“Balchem” or the “Company”), including, unless the context otherwise requires, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, incorporated in the State of Maryland in 1967, is engaged in the development, manufacture and marketing of specialty performance ingredients and products for the food, nutritional, feed, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and medical sterilization industries.

## Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform with the current period's presentation.

## Revenue Recognition

Revenue for each of the Company’s business segments is recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to realize in exchange for those goods. The Company reports amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling as revenue and includes costs incurred for shipping and handling in cost of sales. Amounts received for unshipped merchandise are not recognized as revenue but rather they are recorded as customer deposits and are included in current liabilities. In instances of shipments made on consignment, revenue is recognized when control is transferred to the customer.

Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, was adopted for the fiscal year beginning on January 1, 2018. Per the standard, revenue-generating contracts are assessed to identify distinct performance obligations, allocating transaction prices to those performance obligations, and criteria for satisfaction of a performance obligation. The standard allows for recognition of revenue only when we have satisfied a performance obligation through transferring control of the promised good or service to a customer. Control, in this instance, may mean the ability to prevent other entities from directing the use of, and receiving benefit from, a good or service. The standard indicates that an entity must determine at contract inception whether it will transfer control of a promised good or service over time or satisfy the performance obligation at a point in time through analysis of the following criteria: (i) the entity has a present right to payment, (ii) the customer has legal title, (iii) the customer has physical possession, (iv) the customer has the significant risks and rewards of ownership and (v) the customer has accepted the asset. The Company assesses collectability based primarily on the customer's payment history and on the creditworthiness of the customer. The impact to revenues as a result of applying ASC 606 was an increase of $338 for the year ended December 31, 2018.

## Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company has funds in its cash accounts that are with third party financial institutions, primarily in certificates of deposit and money market funds. The Company's balances of cash and cash equivalents in the U.S., Italy, Belgium, Malaysia, Australia, Philippines, and Singapore exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"), Fondo Interbancario di Tutela dei Depositi ("FITD"), Financial Services and Markets Authority ("FSMA"), Perbadanan Insurans Deposit Malaysia ("PIDM"), Australian Prudential Regulation Authority ("APRA"), Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation ("PDIC"), and Singapore Deposit Insurance Corporation ("SDIC") insurance limits, respectively.

## Accounts Receivable

Credit terms are granted in the normal course of business to the Company’s customers. On-going credit evaluations are performed on the Company’s customers and credit limits are adjusted based upon payment history and the customer’s current credit worthiness, as determined through review of their current credit information. Collections and payments from customers are continuously monitored and allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of the Company’s customers to make required payments are maintained. Estimated losses are based on historical experience and any specific customer collection issues identified.



## Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (first in, first out or average) or net realizable value and have been reduced by an allowance for excess or obsolete inventories. Cost elements include material, labor and manufacturing overhead.

Property, Plant and Equipment and Depreciation

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost.

Depreciation of plant and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

<table><tr><td>Buildings</td><td>15-25 years</td></tr><tr><td>Equipment</td><td>2-28 years</td></tr></table>

Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense. Alterations and major overhauls that extend the lives or increase the capacity of plant assets are capitalized. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost of the assets and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resultant gain or loss is included in earnings from operations.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, we incurred impairment charges of $1,026 in connection with a restructuring in the HNH segment.

## Business Concentrations

Financial instruments that subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of accounts receivable and money market investments. Investments are managed within established guidelines to mitigate risks. Accounts receivable subject the Company to credit risk partially due to the concentration of amounts due from customers. The Company extends credit to its customers based upon an evaluation of the customers' financial condition and credit histories. The majority of the Company’s customers are major national or international corporations. In 2019, 2018 and 2017, no customer accounted for more than 10% of total net sales.

## Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of costs over fair value of assets of businesses acquired. ASC 350, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other,” requires the use of the acquisition method of accounting for a business combination and defines an intangible asset. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized but are instead assessed for impairment annually and more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired, in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350. The Company performs its annual test as of October 1. ASC 350 also requires that intangible assets with estimable useful lives be amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values and reviewed for impairment if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.

In accordance with ASC 350, the Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is “more likely than not” (i.e. a likelihood of more than 50%) that the fair values of its reporting units are less than their respective carrying amounts, including goodwill, as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. If determined to be necessary, the two-step impairment test shall be used to identify potential goodwill impairment and measure the amount of a goodwill impairment loss to be recognized (if any). The Company has an unconditional option to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to performing the first step of the goodwill impairment test.

As of October 1, 2019 and 2018, the Company opted to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceeded directly to performing the first step of the goodwill impairment test. As of October 1, 2019, it assessed the fair values of its reporting units by utilizing the income approach, based on a discounted cash flow valuation model as the basis for its conclusions. The Company’s estimates of future cash flows included significant management assumptions such as revenue growth rates, operating margins, discount rates, estimated terminal values and future economic and market conditions. The Company’s assessment concluded that the fair values of the reporting units exceeded their carrying amounts, including goodwill. Accordingly, the goodwill of the reporting units is not considered impaired. The Company may resume performing the qualitative assessment in subsequent periods.

The Company had goodwill in the amount of $523,998 and $447,995 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, subject to the provisions of ASC 350, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other.”



<table><tr><td>Goodwill at December 31, 2017</td><td>$ 441,361</td></tr><tr><td>Goodwill as a result of the Acquisitions - see Note 2</td><td>6,838</td></tr><tr><td>Impact due to change in foreign exchange rates</td><td>(204)</td></tr><tr><td>Goodwill at December 31, 2018</td><td>447,995</td></tr><tr><td>Goodwill as a result of the Acquisitions - see Note 2</td><td>77,392</td></tr><tr><td>Impact due to change in foreign exchange rates</td><td>(1,389)</td></tr><tr><td>Goodwill at December 31, 2019</td><td>$ 523,998</td></tr></table>

<table><tr><td></td><td>December 31, 2019</td><td>December 31, 2018</td></tr><tr><td>HNH</td><td>$ 423,600</td><td>$ 405,527</td></tr><tr><td>ANH</td><td>17,189</td><td>18,578</td></tr><tr><td>Specialty Products</td><td>81,981</td><td>22,662</td></tr><tr><td>Industrial Products</td><td>1,228</td><td>1,228</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$ 523,998</td><td>$ 447,995</td></tr></table>

The following intangible assets with finite lives are stated at cost and are amortized either on an accelerated basis or on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives:

<table><tr><td></td><td>Amortization Period (in years)</td></tr><tr><td>Customer relationships and lists</td><td>10 - 20</td></tr><tr><td>Trademarks &amp; trade names</td><td>2 - 17</td></tr><tr><td>Developed technology</td><td>5 - 12</td></tr><tr><td>Regulatory registration costs</td><td>5 - 10</td></tr><tr><td>Patents &amp; trade secrets</td><td>15 - 17</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>3 - 18</td></tr></table>

## Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the fiscal year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Valuation allowances would be established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, in full or in part, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including our past operating results, our forecast of future market growth, forecasted earnings, future taxable income, and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. The assumptions utilized in determining future taxable income require significant judgment and are consistent with the plans and estimates we are using to manage the underlying businesses.

We recognize uncertain income tax positions taken on income tax returns at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a fifty percent likelihood of being sustained.

Our policy for recording interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions is to record such items as a component of our income tax provision.

## Use of Estimates

Management of the Company is required to make certain estimates and assumptions during the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These estimates and assumptions impact the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those estimates.



The Company has a number of financial instruments, none of which are held for trading purposes. The Company estimates that the fair value of all financial instruments at December 31, 2019 and 2018 does not differ materially from the aggregate carrying values of its financial instruments recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value, and, accordingly, the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The carrying value of debt approximates fair value as the interest rate is based on market and the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. The Company’s financial instruments also include cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and are carried at cost which approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

In addition, non-current assets includes rabbi trust funds related to the Company's deferred compensation plan. The money market and rabbi trust funds are valued using level one inputs, as defined by ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement."

The Company also has derivative financial instruments, consisting of a cross-currency swap and an interest rate swap, which are included in either derivative asset or derivative liability, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets (see Note 20, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities"). The fair values of these derivative instruments are determined based on Level 2 inputs, using significant inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities.

## Cost of Sales

Cost of sales are primarily comprised of raw materials and supplies consumed in the manufacture of product, as well as manufacturing labor, maintenance labor, depreciation expense, and direct overhead expense necessary to convert purchased materials and supplies into finished product. Cost of sales also includes inbound freight costs, outbound freight costs for shipping products to customers, warehousing costs, quality control and obsolescence expense.

## Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling expenses consist primarily of compensation and benefit costs, amortization of customer relationships and lists, trade promotions, advertising, commissions and other marketing costs. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll and benefit costs, occupancy and operating costs of corporate offices, depreciation and amortization expense on non-manufacturing assets, information systems costs and other miscellaneous administrative costs.

## Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

## Net Earnings Per Common Share

Basic net earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net earnings per common share is calculated in a manner consistent with basic net earnings per common share except that the weighted average number of common shares outstanding also includes the dilutive effect of stock options outstanding, unvested restricted stock, and unvested performance shares (using the treasury stock method).

## Stock-based Compensation

The Company has stock-based employee compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 3. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation,” which requires all share-based payments, including grants of stock options, to be recognized in the income statement as an operating expense, based on their fair values. The Company estimates the fair value of each option award on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes based option-pricing model. Estimates of and assumptions about forfeiture rates, terms, volatility, interest rates and dividend yields are used to calculate stock-based compensation. A significant change to these estimates could materially affect the Company’s operating results.

## Impairment of Long-lived Assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, plant, and equipment, and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair



value of the asset, which is generally based on discounted cash flows. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we incurred impairment charges of $1,026 in connection with a restructuring in the HNH segment.

## Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company is exposed to market fluctuations in interest rates as well as variability in foreign exchange rates. In May 2019, the Company entered into an interest rate swap with JP Morgan Chase, N.A. (the "Swap Counterparty") and a cross-currency swap with JP Morgan Chase, N.A. (the "Bank Counterparty"). The Company's primary objective for holding derivative financial instruments is to manage interest rate risk and foreign currency risk. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

On May 28, 2019, the Company entered into a pay-fixed, receive-floating interest rate swap with a notional amount of $108,569 and a maturity date of June 27, 2023. The Company's risk management objective and strategy with respect to the interest rate swap is to protect the Company against adverse fluctuations in interest rates by reducing its exposure to variability in cash flows relating to interest payments on a portion of its outstanding debt. The Company is meeting its objective since changes in the cash flows of the interest rate swap are expected to exactly offset the changes in the cash flows attributable to fluctuations in the contractually specified interest rate on the interest payments associated with the Credit Agreement.

At the same time, the Company also entered into a cross-currency swap to manage foreign exchange risk related to the Company's net investment in Chemogas. This derivative has a notional amount of $108,569, an effective date of May 28, 2019, and a maturity date of June 27, 2023.

The derivative instruments are with the above single counterparty and are subject to a contractual agreement that provides for the net settlement of all contracts through a single payment in a single currency in the event of default on or termination of any one contract. As such, the derivative instruments are categorized as a master netting arrangement and presented as a net derivative asset or derivative liability on the consolidated balance sheet.

On a quarterly basis, we assess the effectiveness of the hedging relationships for the interest rate swap and cross-currency swap by reviewing the critical terms indicated in the agreement. As of December 31, 2019, we assessed the hedging relationships and determined them to be highly effective. As such, the net change in fair values of the interest rate swap, that qualify as cash flow hedge, was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) and is subsequently reclassified into interest expense as interest payments are made on our debt. For the cross-currency swap, the amounts that have not yet been recognized in earnings remained in the cumulative translation adjustment section of accumulated other comprehensive income until the hedged net investment is sold or liquidated in accordance with paragraphs 815-35-35-5A and 830-30-40-1 through 40-1A. Refer to Note 20, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" for detailed information about our derivative financial instruments.

## New Accounting Pronouncements

## Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes." The amendments in this Update simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The effective date of this Update is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Standard may be adopted either using the prospective or retrospective transition approach and could also be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In July 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2019-07, "Codification Updates to SEC Sections," which improved, updated, and simplified regulations on financial reporting and disclosure. The Company does not expect this new guidance to have a significant impact on its financial reporting.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract.” The guidance requires implementation costs incurred by customers in cloud computing arrangements to be deferred over the noncancelable term of the cloud computing arrangements plus any optional renewal periods (1) that are reasonably certain to be exercised by the customer or (2) for which exercise of the renewal option is controlled by the cloud service provider. The effective date of this pronouncement is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted and the standard may be adopted either using



the prospective or retrospective transition approach. The Standard Update is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans,” which modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement benefit plans. The guidance removes disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of disclosures and adds disclosure requirements identified as relevant. This update should be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented and is effective for fiscal years ending after December 31, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company expects this new guidance will not have a significant impact on its financial reporting.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The guidance was issued with the objective of improving the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of companies' risk management activities in its financial statements, as well as simplifying the application of hedge accounting guidance especially in the area of assessment of effectiveness of the hedge. In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, "Codification Improvements to Topic 815, Derivative and Hedging", which further clarified ASU 2017-12. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has adopted the new standards when it obtained derivative instruments and entered into hedging activities in the second quarter of 2019. Refer to Note 20, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities."

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (ASU 2017-04), which addresses changes to the testing for goodwill impairment by eliminating Step 2 of the process. The guidance is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted; however, the Company has elected not to adopt early as this ASU will not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments", which requires that credit losses be reported based on expected losses compared to the current incurred loss model. These updates made several consequential amendments to the Codification which requires the accounting for available-for-sale debt securities to be individually assessed for credit losses when fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. In April, May, and November 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2019-04, 2019-05 and ASU 2019-11, "Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses" which further clarifies the ASU 2016-13. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The Company has completed its impact assessment and does not expect this new guidance to have a significant impact on its financial reporting.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases” (“ASU 2016-02”), which was clarified by ASU 2018-11 and addresses the recognition of assets and liabilities that arise from all leases. The guidance requires lessees to recognize right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities for most leases in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019 and has elected the optional transition method to account for the impact of the adoption with a cumulative-effect adjustment in the period of adoption. The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. The Company has elected the “package of practical expedients”, which permits it not to reassess under the new standard its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. The Company has not elected the use-of-hindsight or the practical expedient pertaining to land easements, the latter not being applicable to the Company. The new standard also provides practical expedients for an entity’s ongoing accounting. The Company has elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify, which means for those leases that qualify, the Company will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities. The Company has also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all of its leases. In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-01, "Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements," which further clarifies the determination of fair value of leases and modifies transition disclosure requirements for changes in accounting principles. The effective date of the amendments is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company expects this pronouncement will not have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. Refer to Note 19, "Leases."



## NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES

## Acquisition

On December 13, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of Zumbro. The Company made payments of $52,403 on the acquisition date, amounting to $47,058 to the former shareholders and $5,345 to Zumbro's lenders to pay Zumbro debt. Considering the cash acquired of $686, net payments made to the former shareholders were $46,372.

The estimated goodwill of $18,073 arising from the acquisition consists largely of expected synergies, including the combined entities' experience and technical problem-solving capabilities, and acquired workforce. The goodwill is assigned to HNH and its tax deductibility for income taxes is still being assessed.

The following table summarizes the preliminary estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

<table><tr><td>Cash and cash equivalents</td><td>$</td><td>686</td></tr><tr><td>Accounts receivable</td><td></td><td>3,380</td></tr><tr><td>Inventories</td><td></td><td>4,517</td></tr><tr><td>Prepaid &amp; other current assets</td><td></td><td>521</td></tr><tr><td>Property, plant and equipment</td><td></td><td>15,245</td></tr><tr><td>Customer relationships</td><td></td><td>8,200</td></tr><tr><td>Developed technology</td><td></td><td>4,400</td></tr><tr><td>Trade name</td><td></td><td>2,300</td></tr><tr><td>Other non-current assets</td><td></td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Accounts payable &amp; accrued expenses</td><td></td><td>(1,538)</td></tr><tr><td>Debt</td><td></td><td>(5,345)</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred income taxes</td><td></td><td>(3,391)</td></tr><tr><td>Goodwill</td><td></td><td>18,073</td></tr><tr><td>Amount paid to shareholders</td><td></td><td>47,058</td></tr><tr><td>Zumbro debt paid on purchase date</td><td></td><td>5,345</td></tr><tr><td>Total amount paid on acquisition date</td><td>$</td><td>52,403</td></tr></table>

The estimated valuation of the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management's estimates and assumptions that are subject to change. In preparing our preliminary fair value estimates of the intangible assets and certain tangible assets acquired, management, among other things, consulted an independent advisor. Valuation methods utilized included cost and market approaches for property, plant and equipment, excess earnings method for customer relationships and the relief from royalty method for other intangible assets. The purchase price and related allocation to assets acquired and liabilities assumed is preliminary pending finalizing actual working capital acquired as of the acquisition date. Additionally, certain intangible assets are not tax deductible and the related deferred tax liabilities are preliminary pending management's final review.

Customer relationships are amortized over a 15-year period utilizing an accelerated method based on the estimated average customer attrition rate. Trade name and developed technology are amortized over 10 years and 12 years, respectively, utilizing the straight-line method as the consumption pattern of the related economic benefits cannot be reliably determined.

The Company is indemnified for tax liabilities prior to the acquisition date. Indemnified tax liabilities will create an indemnification asset (receivable). At this time, an indemnification asset balance has not been established.

On May 27, 2019, the Company acquired 100 percent of the outstanding common shares of Chemogas. The Company made payments of approximately €99,503 (translated to $111,324) on the acquisition date, amounting to approximately €88,579 (translated to $99,102) to the former shareholders and approximately €10,924 (translated to $12,222) to Chemogas' lender to pay Chemogas bank debt. Considering the cash acquired of €3,943 (translated to $4,412), net payments made to the former shareholders were €84,636 (translated to $94,690).

The goodwill of $59,319 arising from the acquisition consists largely of expected synergies, including the combined entities' experience and technical problem-solving capabilities, and acquired workforce. The goodwill is assigned to the Specialty Products segment and is not tax deductible for income tax purposes.



The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

<table><tr><td>Cash and cash equivalents</td><td>$ 4,412</td></tr><tr><td>Accounts receivable</td><td>4,176</td></tr><tr><td>Inventories</td><td>957</td></tr><tr><td>Property, plant and equipment</td><td>15,972</td></tr><tr><td>Customer relationships</td><td>39,158</td></tr><tr><td>Developed technology</td><td>2,461</td></tr><tr><td>Trade name</td><td>1,119</td></tr><tr><td>Other assets</td><td>1,491</td></tr><tr><td>Accounts payable</td><td>(3,261)</td></tr><tr><td>Bank debt</td><td>(12,222)</td></tr><tr><td>Other liabilities</td><td>(1,030)</td></tr><tr><td>Pension obligation (net)</td><td>(594)</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred income taxes</td><td>(12,856)</td></tr><tr><td>Goodwill</td><td>59,319</td></tr><tr><td>Amount paid to shareholders</td><td>99,102</td></tr><tr><td>Chemogas bank debt paid on purchase date</td><td>12,222</td></tr><tr><td>Total amount paid on acquisition date</td><td>$ 111,324</td></tr></table>

The estimated valuation of the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s estimates and assumptions that are subject to change. In preparing our preliminary fair value estimates of the intangible assets and certain tangible assets acquired, management, among other things, consulted an independent advisor. Valuation methods utilized included cost and market approaches for property, plant and equipment, excess earnings method for customer relationships and the relief from royalty method for other intangible assets. The purchase price and related allocation to assets acquired and liabilities assumed is preliminary pending management’s final review of fair value calculations and deferred tax liabilities related to certain non-deductible assets.

Customer relationships are amortized over a 20-year period utilizing an accelerated method based on the estimated average customer attrition rate. Trade name and developed technology are amortized over 2 years and 10 years, respectively, utilizing the straight-line method as the consumption pattern of the related economic benefits cannot be reliably determined.

The Company is indemnified for tax liabilities prior to the acquisition date. Indemnified tax liabilities will create an indemnification asset (receivable). At this time, an indemnification asset balance has not been established.

In connection with Chemogas and Zumbro acquisitions, the Company incurred transaction and integration costs of $1,947 for the year ended December 31, 2019.

In 2018, the Company, through its subsidiary, Balchem Italia, completed one immaterial acquisition, Bioscreen Technologies Srl.

Total transaction and integration costs related to recent acquisitions, including the Chemogas and Zumbro acquisitions described above, are recorded in general and administrative expenses. These costs amounted to $2,273, $1,786, and $2,163 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

## Divestiture

On September 6, 2019, the Company sold an insignificant portion of its business. As a result of the transaction, the Company recorded a gain on sale, which was immaterial to the consolidated financial statements and included in general and administrative expenses. Operating results for the portion of the business sold were insignificant relative to the Company’s consolidated financial results for year ended December 31, 2019.



## NOTE 3 - STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

## STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

All share-based payments, including grants of stock options, are recognized in the income statement as an operating expense, based on their fair values.

The Company has made an estimate of expected forfeitures, based on its historical experience, and is recognizing compensation cost only for those stock-based compensation awards expected to vest.

The Company’s results for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 reflected the following compensation cost and such compensation cost had the following effects on net earnings:

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="4">Increase/(Decrease) for the Year Ended, December 31</td></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cost of sales</td><td>$     1,147</td><td>$     973</td><td>$     524</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operating expenses</td><td>6,449</td><td>5,440</td><td>5,736</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net earnings</td><td>(5,884)</td><td>(4,965)</td><td>(3,990)</td><td></td></tr></table>

On December 31, 2019, the Company had one share-based compensation plan under which awards may be granted, which is described below.

In June 2017, the Company adopted the Balchem Corporation 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2017 Plan”) for officers, employees and directors of the Company and its subsidiaries. The 2017 Plan replaced the 1999 Stock Plan and amendments and restatements thereto (collectively to be referred to as the “1999 Plan”), which expired on April 9, 2018. No further awards will be made under the 1999 Plan, and the shares that remained available for grant under the 1999 Plan will only be used to settle outstanding awards granted under the 1999 Plan and will not become available under the 2017 Plan. The 2017 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. The 2017 Plan provides as follows: (i) for a termination date of June 13, 2027; (ii) the authorization of 1,600,000 shares for future grants (which represents a reduction from the 6,000,000 shares authorized for grant under the 1999 Plan); (iii) for the making of grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and other stock-based awards, as well as for the making of cash performance awards; (iv) except as provided in an employment agreement as in effect on the effective date of the 2017 Plan, no automatic acceleration of outstanding awards upon the occurrence of a change in control of the Company; (v) certain annual limits on the number of shares and amount of cash that may be granted; (vi) for dividends or dividend equivalents otherwise payable on an unvested award to accrue and be paid only at such time as the vesting conditions applicable to the underlying award have been satisfied; (vii) for certain discretionary compensation recovery if the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement of its financial statements due to the Company’s material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirements under the securities laws; and (viii) for compliance with the requirements of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code” or the “Code”). No option will be exercisable for longer than ten years after the date of grant.

The shares to be issued upon exercise of the outstanding options have been approved, reserved and are adequate to cover all exercises. As of December 31, 2019, the 2017 Plan had 1,095,144 shares available for future awards.

The Company has Restricted Stock Grant Agreements with the Company's non-employee directors and certain employees. Under the Restricted Stock Grant Agreements, certain shares of the Common Stock have been granted, ranging from 70 shares to 54,000 shares, to its non-employee directors and certain employees, subject to time-based vesting requirements.

The Company also has performance share (“PS”) awards, which provide the recipients the right to receive a certain number of shares of the Common Stock in the future, subject to an (1) EBITDA performance hurdle, where vesting is dependent upon the Company achieving a certain EBITDA percentage growth over the performance period, and (2) relative total shareholder return (“TSR”) where vesting is dependent upon the Company’s TSR performance over the performance period (typically three years) relative to a comparator group consisting of the Russell 2000 index constituents.

The fair value of each option award issued under the Company’s stock plans is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes based option-pricing model that uses the assumptions noted in the following table. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The expected term of the options is based on the Company’s historical experience of employees’ exercise behavior. Dividend yields are based on the Company’s historical dividend yields. Risk-free interest rates are



based on the implied yields currently available on U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life.

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">Weighted Average Assumptions:</td><td colspan="3">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>Expected Volatility</td><td>24.0 %</td><td>26.8 %</td><td>30.1 %</td></tr><tr><td>Expected Term (in years)</td><td>4.0</td><td>4.4</td><td>4.6</td></tr><tr><td>Risk-Free Interest Rate</td><td>2.5 %</td><td>2.6 %</td><td>1.8 %</td></tr><tr><td>Dividend Yield</td><td>0.6 %</td><td>0.6 %</td><td>0.5 %</td></tr></table>

The value of the restricted shares is based on the fair value of the award at the date of grant.

Performance Share expense is measured based on the fair value at the date of grant utilizing a Black-Scholes methodology to produce a Monte-Carlo simulation model which allows for the incorporation of the performance hurdles that must be met before the Performance Share vests. The assumptions used in the fair value determination were risk free interest rates of 2.5%, 2.4%, and 1.5%; dividend yields of 0.5%, 0.5%, and 0.6%; volatilities of 24%, 27%, and 32%; and initial TSR’s of -5.9%, -10.5%, and 8.2% in each case for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Expense is based on the estimated number of shares expected to vest, assuming the requisite service period is rendered and the probable outcome of the performance condition is achieved. The estimate is revised if subsequent information indicates that the actual number of shares likely to vest differs from previous estimates. Expense is ultimately adjusted based on the actual achievement of service and performance targets. The Performance Shares will cliff vest 100% at the end of the third year following the grant in accordance with the performance metrics set forth.

Compensation expense for stock options and stock awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, generally three years for stock options, three to four years for employee restricted stock awards, three years for employee performance share awards, and three to four years for non-employee director restricted stock awards.

A summary of stock option plan activity for 2019, 2018, and 2017 for all plans is as follows:

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="3">2019</td><td colspan="3">2018</td><td colspan="3">2017</td></tr><tr><td># of Shares (000s)</td><td>Weighted Average Exercise Price</td><td># of Shares (000s)</td><td>Weighted Average Exercise Price</td><td># of Share (000s)</td><td>Weighted Average Exercise Price</td><td># of Shares (000s)</td><td>Weighted Average Exercise Price</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Outstanding at beginning of year</td><td>887</td><td>$ 61.59</td><td>946</td><td>$ 55.44</td><td>1,066</td><td>$ 45.32</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Granted</td><td>197</td><td>85.13</td><td>148</td><td>74.57</td><td>222</td><td>85.22</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Exercised</td><td>(112)</td><td>43.67</td><td>(198)</td><td>41.71</td><td>(268)</td><td>36.36</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Forfeited</td><td>(17)</td><td>80.88</td><td>(6)</td><td>74.90</td><td>(52)</td><td>72.29</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cancelled</td><td>(4)</td><td>70.90</td><td>(3)</td><td>48.54</td><td>(22)</td><td>57.48</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Outstanding at end of year</td><td>951</td><td>$ 68.18</td><td>887</td><td>$ 61.59</td><td>946</td><td>$ 55.44</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Exercisable at end of year</td><td>581</td><td>$ 59.29</td><td>490</td><td>$ 50.50</td><td>493</td><td>$ 41.01</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

The aggregate intrinsic value for outstanding stock options was $31,814, $16,192 and $24,714 at December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, with a weighted average remaining contractual term of 6.3 years at December 31, 2019. Exercisable stock options at December 31, 2019 had an aggregate intrinsic value of 24,620 with a weighted average remaining contractual term of 5.0 years.



Other information pertaining to option activity during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

Years Ended December 31,

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted-average fair value of options granted</td><td>$ 18.51</td><td>$ 18.62</td><td>$ 23.20</td></tr><tr><td>Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised (000s)</td><td>$ 6,135</td><td>$ 10,456</td><td>$ 11,900</td></tr></table>

Additional information related to stock options outstanding under all plans at December 31, 2019 is as follows:

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">Range of Exercise Prices</td><td rowspan="2">Shares Outstanding (000s)</td><td colspan="2">Options Outstanding</td><td colspan="2">Options Exercisable</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term</td><td>Weighted Average Exercise Price</td><td>Number Exercisable (000s)</td><td>Weighted Average Exercise Price</td></tr><tr><td>$29.06 - $50.32</td><td>152</td><td>2.4 years</td><td>$37.18</td><td>152</td><td>$37.18</td></tr><tr><td>$54.87 - $76.89</td><td>433</td><td>6.3 years</td><td>64.63</td><td>326</td><td>61.38</td></tr><tr><td>$80.26 - $102.25</td><td>366</td><td>8.0 years</td><td>85.22</td><td>103</td><td>85.23</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>951</td><td>6.3 years</td><td>$68.18</td><td>581</td><td>$59.29</td></tr></table>

Non-vested restricted stock activity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 is summarized below:

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="3">2019</td><td colspan="3">2018</td><td colspan="3">2017</td></tr><tr><td>Shares (000s)</td><td>Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</td><td>Shares (000s)</td><td>Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</td><td>Shares (00s)</td><td>Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</td><td>Shares (000s)</td><td>Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</td><td>Shares (000s)</td></tr><tr><td>Non-vested balance at beginning of year</td><td>79</td><td>$72.75</td><td>66</td><td>$65.66</td><td>102</td><td>$54.18</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Granted</td><td>73</td><td>85.69</td><td>42</td><td>77.50</td><td>21</td><td>83.43</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vested</td><td>(8)</td><td>58.52</td><td>(27)</td><td>62.74</td><td>(53)</td><td>51.39</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Forfeited</td><td>(6)</td><td>84.65</td><td>(2)</td><td>74.57</td><td>(4)</td><td>55.45</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Non-vested balance at end of year</td><td>138</td><td>$80.03</td><td>79</td><td>$72.75</td><td>66</td><td>$65.66</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

Non-vested performance share activity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 is summarized below:

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="3">2019</td><td colspan="3">2018</td><td colspan="3">2017</td></tr><tr><td>Shares (000s)</td><td>Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</td><td>Shares (000s)</td><td>Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</td><td>Shares (00s)</td><td>Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</td><td>Shares (000s)</td><td>Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value</td><td>Shares (00s)</td></tr><tr><td>Non-vested balance at beginning of year</td><td>53</td><td>$75.61</td><td>39</td><td>$72.62</td><td>34</td><td>$61.06</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Granted</td><td>33</td><td>81.79</td><td>32</td><td>71.27</td><td>16</td><td>93.85</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vested</td><td>(9)</td><td>65.54</td><td>(15)</td><td>58.78</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Forfeited</td><td>(7)</td><td>60.85</td><td>(3)</td><td>72.55</td><td>(11)</td><td>69.25</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Non-vested balance at end of year</td><td>70</td><td>$81.26</td><td>53</td><td>$75.61</td><td>39</td><td>$72.62</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

As of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, there was $11,643, $8,565 and $7,742, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the plans. As of December 31, 2019, the unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.5 years. We estimate that share-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 will be approximately $8,800.



## REPURCHASE OF COMMON STOCK

The Company has an approved stock repurchase program. The total authorization under this program is 3,763,038 shares. Since the inception of the program in June 1999, a total of 2,431,767 shares have been purchased, of which 203,879 shares and 706 shares remained in treasury at December 31, 2019, and 2018, respectively. During 2019, 2018, and 2017, a total of 240,995, 16,755, and 23,182 shares, respectively, have been purchased at an average cost of $88.47, $83.08, and $82.19 per share, respectively. The Company intends to acquire shares from time to time at prevailing market prices if and to the extent it deems it advisable to do so based on its assessment of corporate cash flow, market conditions and other factors. The Company also repurchases shares from employees in connection with settlement of transactions under the Company’s equity incentive plans.

## NOTE 4 - INVENTORIES

Inventories at December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of the following:

<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">2019</td><td colspan="2">2018</td></tr><tr><td>Raw materials</td><td>$     27,439</td><td>$     23,661</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Work in progress</td><td colspan="2">2,102</td><td colspan="2">4,649</td></tr><tr><td>Finished goods</td><td colspan="2">54,352</td><td colspan="2">38,877</td></tr><tr><td>Total inventories</td><td>$     83,893</td><td>$     67,187</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

On a regular basis, the Company evaluates its inventory balances for excess quantities and obsolescence by analyzing demand, inventory on hand, sales levels and other information. Based on these evaluations, inventory balances are reserved, if necessary. The reserve for inventory was $4,281 and $2,575 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

## NOTE 5 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are summarized as follows:

<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">2019</td><td colspan="2">2018</td></tr><tr><td>Land</td><td>$     11,588</td><td>$     7,965</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Building</td><td colspan="2">79,261</td><td colspan="2">67,702</td></tr><tr><td>Equipment</td><td colspan="2">237,898</td><td colspan="2">213,909</td></tr><tr><td>Construction in progress</td><td colspan="2">14,594</td><td colspan="2">14,750</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">343,341</td><td colspan="2">304,326</td></tr><tr><td>Less: Accumulated depreciation</td><td colspan="2">126,482</td><td colspan="2">113,407</td></tr><tr><td>Property, plant and equipment, net</td><td>$     216,859</td><td>$     190,919</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

Geographic Area Data - Long-Lived Assets (excluding intangible assets):

<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">2019</td><td colspan="2">2018</td></tr><tr><td>United States</td><td>$     178,895</td><td>$     167,410</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Foreign Countries</td><td colspan="2">37,964</td><td colspan="2">23,509</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td colspan="2">216,859</td><td colspan="2">190,919</td></tr></table>

Depreciation expense was $19,791, $18,998 and $17,121 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, we incurred impairment charges of $1,026 in connection with a restructuring in the HNH segment.

## NOTE 6 - INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The Company had goodwill in the amount of $523,998 and $447,995 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 subject to the provisions of ASC 350, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other.” The increase in goodwill is primarily the result of the acquisitions of Chemogas and Zumbro, partially offset by a reduction of goodwill related to an insignificant sale of a portion of the Company’s business,



with the remaining change due to foreign exchange translation adjustments. Refer to Note 2, "Significant Acquisitions and Divestitures," for more information.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had identifiable intangible assets as follows:

<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="3">2019</td><td colspan="3">2018</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Amortization Period (In years)</td><td>Gross Carrying Amount</td><td>Accumulated Amortization</td><td>Gross Carrying Amount</td><td>Accumulated Amortization</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Customer relationships &amp; lists</td><td>10-20</td><td>$ 239,578</td><td>$ 139,863</td><td>$ 192,185</td><td>$ 122,545</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trademarks &amp; trade names</td><td>2-17</td><td>43,102</td><td>20,477</td><td>39,934</td><td>16,755</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Developed technology</td><td>5-12</td><td>20,206</td><td>11,008</td><td>13,338</td><td>8,604</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>3-18</td><td>20,962</td><td>8,576</td><td>18,333</td><td>6,481</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>$ 323,848</td><td>$ 179,924</td><td>$ 263,790</td><td>$ 154,385</td><td></td></tr></table>

Amortization of identifiable intangible assets was $25,789, $24,988 and $26,784 for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Assuming no change in the gross carrying value of identifiable intangible assets, the estimated amortization expense is approximately $27,020 in 2020, $23,246 in 2021, $21,327 in 2022, $18,710 in 2023, and $9,759 in 2024. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no identifiable intangible assets with indefinite useful lives as defined by ASC 350, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other.” Identifiable intangible assets are reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets under Intangible assets with finite lives, net. There were no changes to the useful lives of intangible assets subject to amortization in 2019 and 2018.

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, (“FIFRA”), a health and safety statute, requires that certain products within our specialty products segment must be registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the "EPA") because they are considered pesticides. Costs of such registrations are included as other in the table above.

## NOTE 7 – EQUITY-METHOD INVESTMENT

In 2013, the Company and Eastman Chemical Company (formerly Taminco Corporation) formed a joint venture (66.66% / 33.34% ownership), St. Gabriel CC Company, LLC, to design, develop, and construct an expansion of the Company’s St. Gabriel aqueous choline chloride plant. The Company contributed the St. Gabriel plant, at cost, and all continued expansion and improvements are funded by the owners. The joint venture became operational as of July 1, 2016. St. Gabriel CC Company, LLC is a Variable Interest Entity (VIE) because the total equity at risk is not sufficient to permit the joint venture to finance its own activities without additional subordinated financial support. Additionally, voting rights (2 votes each) are not proportionate to the owners’ obligation to absorb expected losses or receive the expected residual returns of the joint venture. The Company will receive up to 2/3 of the production offtake capacity and absorbs operating expenses approximately proportional to the actual percentage of offtake. The joint venture is accounted for under the equity method of accounting since the Company is not the primary beneficiary as the Company does not have the power to direct the activities of the joint venture that most significantly impact its economic performance. The Company recognized a loss of $388, $569, and $546 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, relating to its portion of the joint venture’s expenses in other expense. The carrying value of the joint venture at December 31, 2019 and 2018 is $4,513 and $4,902, respectively, and is recorded in other assets.

## NOTE 8 – REVOLVING LOAN

On June 27, 2018, the Company and a bank syndicate entered into the Credit Agreement, which replaced the existing credit facility that had provided for a senior secured term loan of $350,000 and a revolving loan of $100,000. The Credit Agreement, which expires on June 27, 2023, provides for revolving loans up to $500,000 (collectively referred to as the “loans”). The loans may be used for working capital, letters of credit, and other corporate purposes and may be drawn upon at the Company’s discretion. The initial proceeds from the Credit Agreement were used to repay the outstanding balance of $210,750 on its senior secured term loan, which was due May 2019. On May 23, 2019, the Company drew down $108,569 to fund the Chemogas acquisition (see Note 2, "Significant Acquisitions and Divestitures"). In connection with these additional borrowings, the Company entered into an interest rate swap to protect against adverse fluctuations in interest rates (see Note 20, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities"). In third quarter of 2019, the Company drew down an additional $15,000 to fund stock repurchases (see Note 3, "Stockholders' Equity). On December 13, 2019, the Company drew down $45,000 to fund the Zumbro acquisition (see Note 2, "Significant Acquisitions and Divestitures"). As of December 31, 2019, the total balance outstanding on the Credit Agreement amounted to $248,569. There are no installment payments required on the revolving loans; they may be voluntarily prepaid in whole or in part without premium or penalty, and all outstanding amounts are due on the maturity date.



Amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement are subject to an interest rate equal to a fluctuating rate as defined by the Credit Agreement plus an applicable rate. The applicable rate is based upon the Company’s consolidated net leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, and the interest rate was 2.917% at December 31, 2019. The Company is also required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the revolving loan, which is based on the Company’s consolidated net leverage ratio as defined in the Credit Agreement and ranges from 0.15% to 0.275% (0.175% at December 31, 2019). The unused portion of the revolving loan amounted to $251,431 at December 31, 2019. The Company is also required to pay, as applicable, letter of credit fees, administrative agent fees, and other fees to the arrangers and lenders.

Costs associated with the issuance of the revolving loans are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the Credit Agreement. Costs associated with the issuance of the extinguished debt instrument were capitalized and amortized over the term of the respective financing arrangement using the effective interest method. Capitalized costs net of accumulated amortization totaled $986 and $1,268 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense pertaining to these costs totaled $282, $680, and $474 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and is included in interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of earnings. In 2018, such interest expense included a write off $363 of deferred financing costs in connection with the extinguished debt in the second quarter of 2018.

The Credit Agreement contains quarterly covenants requiring the consolidated leverage ratio to be less than a certain maximum ratio and the consolidated interest coverage ratio to exceed a certain minimum ratio. At December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with these covenants. Indebtedness under the Company’s loan agreements are secured by assets of the Company.

## NOTE 9 - NET EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

The following presents a reconciliation of the net earnings and shares used in calculating basic and diluted net earnings per common share:

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="4">Year Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net Earnings - Basic and Diluted</td><td>$     79,671</td><td>$     78,573</td><td>$     90,071</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Share (000s)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Weighted Average Common Shares - Basic</td><td>32,136</td><td>32,093</td><td>31,839</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Effect of Dilutive Securities - Stock Options, Restricted Stock, and Performance Shares</td><td>369</td><td>352</td><td>391</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Weighted Average Common Shares - Diluted</td><td>32,505</td><td>32,445</td><td>32,230</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net Earnings Per Share - Basic</td><td>$     2.48</td><td>$     2.45</td><td>$     2.83</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net Earnings Per Share - Diluted</td><td>$     2.45</td><td>$     2.42</td><td>$     2.79</td><td></td></tr></table>

The Company had 12,250, 188,470, and 199,010 stock options outstanding at December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in future periods that were not included in diluted earnings per share because their effect on the period presented was anti-dilutive.

The Company has some share-based payment awards that have non-forfeitable dividend rights. These awards are restricted shares and they participate on a one-for-one basis with holders of Common Stock. These awards have an immaterial impact as participating securities with regard to the calculation using the two-class method for determining earnings per share.

## NOTE 10 - INCOME TAXES

The Company’s effective tax rate for 2019, 2018 and 2017 was 17.4%, 20.7%, and (1.8%), respectively. The decrease from 2018 to 2019 is primarily due to lower international taxes related to the Patent Box Decree as described below, and certain lower U.S. state taxes, partially offset by a reduction in foreign tax credits.

Italy introduced an elective tax regime (“Patent Box Decree”) that allows companies to benefit from a fifty percent exemption from corporate income tax and local tax on income derived from the direct/indirect use of qualifying intellectual property. During 2019, Balchem Italia received the required ad hoc advance tax ruling. The benefit of the Patent Box Decree had a significant beneficial impact on the Company’s effective tax rate for 2019.



Additionally, proposed and final guidance were issued by the U.S. Department of Treasury related to foreign tax credits under the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("U.S. Tax Reform"), which was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Company will continue to evaluate and analyze the impact of the U.S. Tax Reform and the additional guidance that has been issued, and may be issued, by the U.S. Department of Treasury, the SEC, and/or the FASB regarding this act.

The Company has analyzed any potential Base Erosion and Anti-Abuse Tax (“BEAT”) on related-party transactions and determined they met the gross receipts test but did not meet the level of base erosion payments that would subject them to BEAT in 2019.

Income tax expense consists of the following:

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>Current:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Federal</td><td>$ 17,757</td><td>$ 18,296</td><td>$ 20,102</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign</td><td>1,609</td><td>4,060</td><td>3,015</td></tr><tr><td>State</td><td>818</td><td>3,880</td><td>2,790</td></tr><tr><td>Deemed Repatriation</td><td>—</td><td>(970)</td><td>1,389</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Federal</td><td>(3,707)</td><td>(3,788)</td><td>(1,302)</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign</td><td>67</td><td>(69)</td><td>62</td></tr><tr><td>State</td><td>263</td><td>(952)</td><td>(384)</td></tr><tr><td>Federal Rate Change</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>(27,255)</td></tr><tr><td>Total income tax provision</td><td>$ 16,807</td><td>$ 20,457</td><td>$ (1,583)</td></tr></table>

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the Federal statutory rate of 21% for 2019, 21% for 2018 and 35% for 2017 to earnings before income tax expense due to the following:

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>Income tax at Federal statutory rate</td><td>$ 20,260</td><td>$ 20,796</td><td>30,971</td></tr><tr><td>State income taxes, net of Federal income taxes</td><td>(244)</td><td>2,742</td><td>708</td></tr><tr><td>Federal Rate Change</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>(27,255)</td></tr><tr><td>Stock Options</td><td>(222)</td><td>(1,293)</td><td>(2,927)</td></tr><tr><td>GILTI</td><td>2,507</td><td>1,027</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>FDII</td><td>(1,922)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Deemed Repatriation</td><td>—</td><td>(970)</td><td>1,389</td></tr><tr><td>Patent Box Decree (related to prior years)</td><td>(1,948)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign Tax Credits</td><td>(1,125)</td><td>(1,136)</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Domestic production activities deduction</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>(2,382)</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>(499)</td><td>(709)</td><td>(2,087)</td></tr><tr><td>Total income tax provision</td><td>$ 16,807</td><td>$ 20,457</td><td>$ (1,583)</td></tr></table>



The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred tax assets:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Inventories</td><td>$     1,844</td><td>$     1,260</td></tr><tr><td>Restricted stock and stock options</td><td>4,097</td><td>3,567</td></tr><tr><td>Lease liabilities</td><td>1,456</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Currency and interest rate swap</td><td>442</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>3,935</td><td>2,885</td></tr><tr><td>Total deferred tax assets</td><td>11,774</td><td>7,712</td></tr><tr><td>Deferred tax liabilities:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Amortization</td><td>$     28,589</td><td>$     27,080</td></tr><tr><td>Depreciation</td><td>37,075</td><td>23,837</td></tr><tr><td>Prepaid expenses</td><td>465</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Right of use assets</td><td>1,461</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>584</td><td>1,104</td></tr><tr><td>Total deferred tax liabilities</td><td>68,174</td><td>52,021</td></tr><tr><td>Valuation allowance</td><td>31</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Net deferred tax liability</td><td>$     56,431</td><td>$     44,309</td></tr></table>

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not the Company will not realize the benefits of these deductible differences. The amount of deferred tax asset realizable, however, could change if management’s estimate of future taxable income should change.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company has federal and state income tax net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards of $7,078, which will expire in 2034 and are expected to be realized. However, the Company also acquired an insignificant amount of NOL carryforwards with the acquisition of Chemogas. These NOLs are not expected to be realized and therefore a valuation allowance on these items was established as of December 31, 2019. There was no valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2018.

The Company considers the undistributed earnings of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested outside of the United States on the basis of estimates that future domestic cash generation will be sufficient to meet future domestic cash needs and specific plans for reinvestment of those subsidiary earnings. The Company projects that foreign earnings will be utilized offshore for working capital and future foreign growth. The determination of the unrecognized deferred tax liability on those undistributed earnings is not practicable due to the Company's legal entity structure and the complexity of U.S. and local country tax laws. If Balchem decides to repatriate the undistributed foreign earnings, the income tax effects will need to be recognized in the period the Company changes its assertion on indefinite reinvestment.



Provisions of ASC 740-10 clarify whether or not to recognize assets or liabilities for tax positions taken that may be challenged by a tax authority. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, which is included in other long-term obligations on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, is as follows:

<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">2019</td><td colspan="2">2018</td><td colspan="2">2017</td></tr><tr><td>Balance at beginning of period</td><td>$     5,709</td><td>$     4,781</td><td>$     6,637</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Increases for tax positions of prior years</td><td>431</td><td>1,366</td><td>393</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Decreases for tax positions of prior years</td><td>(1,978)</td><td>(1,185)</td><td>(2,711)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Increases for tax positions related to current year</td><td>600</td><td>747</td><td>462</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Balance at end of period</td><td>$     4,762</td><td>$     5,709</td><td>$     4,781</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

All of Balchem's unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized in future periods, would impact the Company's effective tax rate in such future periods.

The Company recognizes both interest and penalties as part of the income tax provision. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, these amounted to approximately $132, $207 and $94, respectively. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, accrued interest and penalties were $1,612 and $1,839, respectively.

Balchem files income tax returns in the U.S. and in various states and foreign countries. In the major jurisdictions where the Company operates, it is generally no longer subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015 and management does not anticipate any material change in the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits to occur within the next twelve months.

## NOTE 11 - SEGMENT INFORMATION

## HNH

The HNH segment provides human grade choline nutrients and mineral amino acid chelated products through this segment for nutrition and wellness applications. Choline is recognized to play a key role in the development and structural integrity of brain cell membranes in infants, processing dietary fat, reproductive development and neural functions, such as memory and muscle function. The Company's mineral amino acid chelates, specialized mineral salts, and mineral complexes are used as raw materials for inclusion in premier human nutrition products. Proprietary technology has been combined to create an organic molecule in a form the body can readily assimilate. Sales growth for human nutrition applications is reliant on differentiation from lower-cost competitive products through scientific data, intellectual property and customers' appreciation of brand value. Consequently, the Company makes investments in such activities for long-term value differentiation. This segment also serves the food and beverage industry for beverage, bakery, dairy, confectionary, and savory manufacturers. The Company partners with its customers from ideation through commercialization to bring on-trend beverages, baked goods, confections, dairy and meat products to market. The Company has expertise in trends analysis and product development. When combined with its strong manufacturing capabilities in customized spray dried and emulsified powders, extrusion and agglomeration, blended lipid systems, liquid flavor delivery systems, juice and dairy bases, chocolate systems, as well as ice cream bases and variegates, the Company is a one-stop solutions provider for beverage and dairy product development needs. Additionally, this segment provides microencapsulation solutions to a variety of applications in food, pharmaceutical and nutritional ingredients to enhance performance of nutritional fortification, processing, mixing, and packaging applications and shelf-life. Major product applications are baked goods, refrigerated and frozen dough systems, processed meats, seasoning blends, confections, sports and protein bars, dietary plans, and nutritional supplements. The Company also creates cereal systems for ready-to-eat cereals, grain-based snacks, and cereal based ingredients.

## ANH

The Company’s ANH segment provides nutritional products derived from its microencapsulation and chelation technologies in addition to basic choline chloride. For ruminant animals, the Company’s microencapsulated products boost health and milk production, delivering nutrient supplements that are biologically available, providing required nutritional levels. The Company’s proprietary chelation technology provides enhanced nutrient absorption for various species of production and companion animals and is marketed for use in animal feed throughout the world. ANH also manufactures and supplies choline chloride, an essential nutrient for monogastric animal health, predominantly to the poultry, pet and swine industries. Choline, which is manufactured and sold in both dry and aqueous forms, plays a vital role in the metabolism of fat. In poultry, choline deficiency can result in reduced growth rates and perosis in young birds, while in swine production choline is a necessary and required component of gestating and lactating sow diets for both liver health and prevention of leg deformity.



Sales of value-added encapsulated products are highly dependent on overall industry economics as well as the Company's ability to leverage the results of university and field research on the animal health and production benefits of our products. Management believes that success in the commodity-oriented basic choline chloride marketplace is highly dependent on the Company's ability to maintain its strong reputation for excellent product quality and customer service. The Company continues to drive production efficiencies in order to maintain its competitive-cost position to effectively compete in a competitive global marketplace.

## Specialty Products

Ethylene oxide, at the 100% level and blended with carbon dioxide, is sold as a sterilant gas, primarily for use in the health care industry. It is used to sterilize a wide range of medical devices because of its versatility and effectiveness in treating hard or soft surfaces, composites, metals, tubing and different types of plastics without negatively impacting the performance of the device being sterilized. The Company’s 100% ethylene oxide product and blends are distributed worldwide in specially designed, reusable and recyclable drum and cylinder packaging, to assure compliance with safety, quality and environmental standards as outlined by the applicable regulatory agencies in the countries our products are shipped to. The Company’s inventory of these specially built drums and cylinders, along with its five filling facilities, represents a significant capital investment. Contract sterilizers and medical device manufacturers are principal customers for this product. The Company also sells single use canisters with 100% ethylene oxide for use in sterilizing re-usable devices typically processed in autoclave units in hospitals. As a fumigant, ethylene oxide blends are highly effective in killing bacteria, fungi, and insects in spices and other seasoning materials.

The Company also distributes a number of other gases for various uses, most notably propylene oxide and ammonia. Propylene oxide is marketed and sold in the U.S. as a fumigant to aid in the control of insects and microbiological spoilage; and to reduce bacterial and mold contamination in certain shell and processed nut meats, processed spices, cacao beans, cocoa powder, raisins, figs and prunes. The Company distributes its propylene oxide product in the U.S. primarily in recyclable, single-walled, carbon steel cylinders according to standards outlined by the EPA and the DOT. Propylene oxide is also sold worldwide to customers in approved reusable and recyclable drum and cylinder packaging for various chemical synthesis applications, such as increasing paint durability and manufacturing specialty starches and textile coatings. Ammonia is used primarily as a refrigerant, and also for heat treatment of metals and various chemical synthesis applications, and is distributed in reusable and recyclable drum and cylinder drum and cylinder packaging approved for use in the countries these products are shipped to. The Company's inventory of cylinders for these products also represents a significant capital investment.

The Company’s micronutrient agricultural nutrition business sells chelated minerals primarily into high value crops. The Company has a unique and patented two-step approach to solving mineral deficiency in plants to optimize health, yield and shelf-life. First, the Company determines optimal mineral balance for plant health. The Company then has a foliar applied Metalosate product range, utilizing patented amino acid chelate technology. Its products quickly and efficiently deliver mineral nutrients. As a result, the farmer/grower gets healthier crops that are more resistant to disease and pests, larger yields and healthier food for the consumer with extended shelf life for produce being shipped long distances.

## Industrial Products

Certain derivatives of choline chloride are manufactured and sold into industrial applications predominantly as a component for hydraulic fracturing of shale natural gas wells. The Company’s products offer an attractive, effective and more environmentally responsible alternative than other clay stabilizers. Industrial grade choline bicarbonate is completely chloride free and the Company's choline chloride reduces the amount of chlorides released into the environment up to 75% when compared to potassium chloride. The Industrial Products segment also includes the manufacture and sale of methylamines. Methylamines are a primary building block for the manufacture of choline products and are produced at its Italian operation and sold for a wide range of industrial applications in Europe.



The segment information is summarized as follows:

## Business Segment Assets

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td>HNH</td><td>$ 739,030</td><td>$ 702,692</td></tr><tr><td>ANH</td><td>142,247</td><td>136,810</td></tr><tr><td>Specialty Products</td><td>184,487</td><td>59,558</td></tr><tr><td>Industrial Products</td><td>16,176</td><td>22,822</td></tr><tr><td>Other Unallocated \( ^{(1)} \)</td><td>73,742</td><td>59,473</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$ 1,155,682</td><td>$ 981,355</td></tr></table>

## Business Segment Net Sales

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>HNH</td><td>$ 347,433</td><td>$ 341,237</td><td>$ 315,796</td></tr><tr><td>ANH</td><td>177,557</td><td>175,693</td><td>157,688</td></tr><tr><td>Specialty Products</td><td>92,257</td><td>75,808</td><td>73,355</td></tr><tr><td>Industrial Products</td><td>26,458</td><td>50,941</td><td>47,951</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$ 643,705</td><td>$ 643,679</td><td>$ 594,790</td></tr></table>

## Business Segment Earnings Before Income Taxes

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>HNH</td><td>$ 48,429</td><td>$ 48,037</td><td>$ 43,747</td></tr><tr><td>ANH</td><td>25,868</td><td>26,607</td><td>22,255</td></tr><tr><td>Specialty Products</td><td>28,513</td><td>25,254</td><td>24,908</td></tr><tr><td>Industrial Products</td><td>3,730</td><td>8,988</td><td>6,402</td></tr><tr><td>Transaction and integration costs, ERP implementation costs, and unallocated legal fees  \( {}^{(2)} \)</td><td>(3,436)</td><td>(1,786)</td><td>(2,496)</td></tr><tr><td>Unallocated amortization expense  \( {}^{(3)} \)</td><td>(551)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Indemnification Settlement  \( {}^{(4)} \)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>2,087</td></tr><tr><td>Interest and other expense</td><td>(6,075)</td><td>(8,070)</td><td>(8,415)</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$ 96,478</td><td>$ 99,030</td><td>$ 88,488</td></tr></table>

## Depreciation/Amortization

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>HNH</td><td>$ 30,558</td><td>$ 33,594</td><td>$ 33,384</td></tr><tr><td>ANH</td><td>6,552</td><td>5,606</td><td>5,618</td></tr><tr><td>Specialty Products</td><td>7,401</td><td>4,092</td><td>4,097</td></tr><tr><td>Industrial Products</td><td>518</td><td>694</td><td>806</td></tr><tr><td>Unallocated amortization expense  \( {}^{(3)} \)</td><td>551</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Amortization expense related to deferred financing cost  \( {}^{(5)} \)</td><td>282</td><td>680</td><td>474</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$ 45,862</td><td>$ 44,666</td><td>$ 44,379</td></tr></table>



## Capital Expenditures

<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">2019</td><td colspan="2">2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>HNH</td><td>$     18,159</td><td>$     8,881</td><td>$     20,580</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ANH</td><td>3,921</td><td>6,021</td><td>4,424</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Specialty Products</td><td>3,003</td><td>2,356</td><td>1,306</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Industrial Products</td><td>707</td><td>1,912</td><td>1,216</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$     25,790</td><td>$     19,170</td><td>$     27,526</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

(1) Other unallocated assets consist of certain cash, capitalized loan issuance costs, other assets, investments, and deferred income taxes, which the Company does not allocate to its individual business segments.

(2) Transaction and integration costs and unallocated legal fees for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, were primarily related to acquisitions. ERP implementation costs for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were related to a project in connection with a company-wide ERP system implementation.

(3) Unallocated amortization expense for year ended December 31, 2019 was related to amortization of an intangible asset in connection with a company-wide ERP system implementation.

(4) Indemnification settlement was related to a favorable settlement the Company received relating to the SensoryEffects acquisition.

(5) Amortization expense related to capitalized loan issuance costs was included in interest and other (expense) in Company's consolidated statement of earnings.

## NOTE 12 - REVENUE

## Revenue Recognition

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to realize in exchange for those goods.

The following table presents revenues disaggregated by revenue source (in thousands). Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenues.

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>Product Sales</td><td>609,741</td><td>607,879</td><td>564,027</td></tr><tr><td>Co-manufacturing</td><td>24,087</td><td>24,259</td><td>19,696</td></tr><tr><td>Bill and Hold</td><td>3,218</td><td>4,612</td><td>4,094</td></tr><tr><td>Consignment</td><td>2,299</td><td>2,442</td><td>2,333</td></tr><tr><td>Product Sales Revenue</td><td>639,345</td><td>639,192</td><td>590,150</td></tr><tr><td>Royalty Revenue</td><td>4,360</td><td>4,487</td><td>4,640</td></tr><tr><td>Total Revenue</td><td>$     643,705</td><td>$     643,679</td><td>$     594,790</td></tr></table>

The following table presents revenues disaggregated by geography, based on the billing addresses of customers (in thousands):

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>United States</td><td>$     475,033</td><td>$     482,691</td><td>$     460,599</td></tr><tr><td>Foreign Countries</td><td>168,672</td><td>160,988</td><td>134,191</td></tr><tr><td>Total</td><td>$     643,705</td><td>$     643,679</td><td>$     594,790</td></tr></table>

## Product Sales Revenues

The Company’s primary operation is the manufacturing and sale of health and wellness ingredient products, in which the Company receives an order from a customer and fulfills that order. The Company’s product sales are considered point-in-time revenue and consist of four sub-streams: product sales, co-manufacturing, bill and hold, and consignment.

Under the co-manufacturing agreements, the Company is responsible for the manufacture of a finished good where the customer provides the majority of the raw materials. The Company controls the manufacturing process and the ultimate end-product before



it is shipped to the customer. Based on these factors, the Company has determined that it is the principal in these agreements and therefore revenue is recognized in the gross amount of consideration the Company expects to be entitled for the goods provided.

## Royalty Revenues

Royalty revenue consists of agreements with customers to use the Company’s intellectual property in exchange for a sales-based royalty. Royalties are considered over time revenue and are recorded in the HNH segment.

## Contract Liabilities

The Company records contract liabilities when cash payments are received or due in advance of performance, including amounts which are refundable.

The Company’s payment terms vary by the type and location of customers and the products offered. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. For certain products or services and customer types, the Company requires payment before the products are delivered to the customer.

## Practical Expedients and Exemptions

The Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling and marketing expenses.

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for products shipped.

## NOTE 13 - SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Cash paid during the year for:

<table><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>Income taxes</td><td>$ 21,771</td><td>$ 20,593</td><td>$ 25,845</td></tr><tr><td>Interest</td><td>$ 5,674</td><td>$ 6,940</td><td>$ 7,021</td></tr><tr><td>Non-cash financing activities:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>Dividends payable</td><td>$ 16,855</td><td>$ 15,220</td><td>$ 13,484</td></tr></table>



## NOTE 14 – ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="4">Years Ended December 31,</td></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2017</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net foreign currency translation adjustment</td><td>$ (891)</td><td>$ (2,982)</td><td>$ 5,404</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net change of cash flow hedge (see Note 20 for further information)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Unrealized loss on cash flow hedge</td><td>(1,771)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tax</td><td>372</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net of tax</td><td>(1,399)</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net change in postretirement benefit plan (see Note 15 for further information)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Prior service (credit)/cost and (gain)/loss arising during the period</td><td>199</td><td>522</td><td>(49)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of prior service credit/(cost)</td><td>74</td><td>74</td><td>74</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of gain/(loss)</td><td>(46)</td><td>(8)</td><td>(15)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total before tax</td><td>227</td><td>588</td><td>10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tax</td><td>101</td><td>434</td><td>(207)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net of tax</td><td>328</td><td>1,022</td><td>(197)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total other comprehensive income (loss)</td><td>$ (1,962)</td><td>$ (1,960)</td><td>$ 5,207</td><td></td></tr></table>

Included in "Net foreign currency translation adjustment" was $262 of loss related to a net investment hedge, which included tax of $70 for the year ended December 31, 2019. There was no such activity for the year ended December 31, 2018. See Note 20, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities."

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) at December 31, 2019 consisted of the following:

<table><tr><td></td><td>Foreign currency translation adjustment</td><td>Cash flow hedge</td><td>Postretirement benefit plan</td><td>Total</td></tr><tr><td>Balance December 31, 2018</td><td>$ (4,285)</td><td>$ —</td><td>$ 683</td><td>(3,602)</td></tr><tr><td>Other comprehensive (loss)/gain</td><td>(891)</td><td>(1,399)</td><td>328</td><td>(1,962)</td></tr><tr><td>Balance December 31, 2019</td><td>$ (5,176)</td><td>$ (1,399)</td><td>$ 1,011</td><td>(5,564)</td></tr></table>

## NOTE 15 - EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

## Defined Contribution Plans

During 2019, the Company sponsored two 401(k) savings plans for eligible employees. The plans allow participants to make pretax contributions and the Company matches certain percentages of those pretax contributions. One of the plans has a discretionary profit sharing portion and matches 401(k) contributions with shares of the Company’s Common Stock. All amounts contributed to the plans are deposited into a trust fund administered by independent trustees. The Company provided for profit sharing contributions and matching 401(k) savings plan contributions of $592 and $3,451 in 2019, $825 and $3,153 in 2018, and $395 and $2,594 in 2017, respectively.

## Postretirement Medical Plans

The Company provides postretirement benefits in the form of two unfunded postretirement medical plans; one that is under a collective bargaining agreement and covers eligible retired employees of the Verona facility and a plan for those named as executive officers in the Company’s proxy statement. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for its postretirement



medical plans. In accordance with ASC 715, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits,” the Company is required to recognize the over funded or underfunded status of a defined benefit post retirement plan (other than a multiemployer plan) as an asset or liability in its statement of financial position, and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income.

The actuarial recorded liabilities for such unfunded postretirement benefits are as follows:

Change in benefit obligation:

<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">2019</td><td colspan="2">2018</td></tr><tr><td>Benefit obligation at beginning of year</td><td>$     1,174</td><td>$     1,573</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Initial adoption of new plan</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Service cost with interest to end of year</td><td>63</td><td>78</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Interest cost</td><td>39</td><td>44</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Participant contributions</td><td>35</td><td>40</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Benefits paid</td><td>(162)</td><td>(136)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Actuarial gain</td><td>(73)</td><td>(425)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Benefit obligation at end of year</td><td>$     1,076</td><td>$     1,174</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

Change in plan assets:

<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">2019</td><td colspan="2">2018</td></tr><tr><td>Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year</td><td>$      —</td><td>$      —</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Employer (reimbursement)/contributions</td><td>127</td><td>96</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Participant contributions</td><td>35</td><td>40</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Benefits paid</td><td>(162)</td><td>(136)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fair value of plan assets at end of year</td><td>$      —</td><td>$      —</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheet:

<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">2019</td><td colspan="2">2018</td></tr><tr><td>Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation</td><td>$      (1,076)</td><td>$      (1,174)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fair value of plan assets</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Funded status</td><td>(1,076)</td><td>(1,174)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Unrecognized prior service cost</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Unrecognized net (gain)/loss</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Net amount recognized in consolidated balance sheet (after ASC 715) (included in other long-term obligations)</td><td>$     1,076</td><td>$     1,174</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Accrued postretirement benefit cost (included in other long-term obligations)</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>

Components of net periodic benefit cost:

<table><tr><td></td><td colspan="2">2019</td><td colspan="2">2018</td><td colspan="2">2017</td></tr><tr><td>Service cost with interest to end of year</td><td>$     63</td><td>$     78</td><td>$     67</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Interest cost</td><td>39</td><td>44</td><td>46</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of prior service credit</td><td>74</td><td>74</td><td>74</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Amortization of gain</td><td>(46)</td><td>(8)</td><td>(15)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Total net periodic benefit cost</td><td>$     130</td><td>$     188</td><td>$     172</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table>



Estimated future employer contributions and benefit payments are as follows:

<table><tr><td>Year</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2020</td><td></td><td>$ 79</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td></td><td>67</td></tr><tr><td>2022</td><td></td><td>85</td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td></td><td>76</td></tr><tr><td>2024</td><td></td><td>99</td></tr><tr><td>Years 2025-2029</td><td></td><td>444</td></tr></table>

Assumed health care cost trend rates have been used in the valuation of postretirement health insurance benefits. The trend rate is 5.99% in 2020 declining to 4.50% in 2038 and thereafter. A one percentage point increase in health care cost trend rates in each year would increase the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 2019 by $96 and the net periodic postretirement benefit cost for 2019 by $14. A one percentage point decrease in health care cost trend rates in each year would decrease the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 2019 by $84 and the net periodic postretirement benefit cost for 2019 by $12. The weighted average discount rate used in determining the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation was 2.50% in 2019 and 3.50% in 2018.

## Defined Benefit Pension Plans

The Company contributes to one multiemployer defined benefit plan under the terms of a collective-bargaining agreement covering its union-represented employees of the Verona facility. The risks of participation in this multiemployer plan are different from single-employer plans in the following aspects: (a) assets contributed to the multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers, (b) if a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers, and (c) if the Company chooses to stop participating in its multiemployer plan, the Company will be required to pay that plan an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as the withdrawal liability.

The Company’s participation in this plan for the annual period ended December 31, 2019 is outlined in the table below. The “EIN/Pension Plan Number” column provides the Employee Identification Number (EIN). The zone status is based on information that the Company received from the plan and is certified by the plan’s actuary. Among other factors, plans in the red zone or critical and declining zone are generally less than 65 percent funded, plans in the yellow zone are less than 80 percent funded, and plans in the green zone are at least 80 percent funded. The “FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented” column indicates plans for which a financial improvement plan (FIP) or a rehabilitation plan (RP) is either pending or has been implemented. The last column lists the expiration date of the collective-bargaining agreement to which the plan is subject. Finally, the period-to-period comparability of the contributions for 2019 and 2018 was affected by a 4.0% increase in the 2019 contribution rate. There have been no other significant changes that affect the comparability of 2019 and 2018 contributions. The Company does not represent more than 5% of the contributions to this pension fund.

<table><tr><td rowspan="2">Pension Fund</td><td rowspan="2">EIN/Pension Plan Number</td><td colspan="2">Pension Plan Protection Act Zone Status</td><td rowspan="2">FIP/RP Status Impending/Implemented</td><td colspan="2">Contributions of Balchem Corporation</td><td rowspan="2">Surcharge Imposed</td><td rowspan="2">Expiration Date of Collective-Bargaining Agreement</td></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td>2018</td><td>2019</td><td>2018</td></tr><tr><td>Central States, Southeast and Southwest Areas</td><td>36-6044243</td><td>Critical &amp; Declining as of 1/1/19</td><td>Critical &amp; Declining as of 1/1/18</td><td>Implemented</td><td>$676</td><td>$614</td><td>$594</td><td>No</td></tr></table>

On May 27, 2019, the Company acquired Chemogas, which has an unfunded defined benefit pension plan. The plan provides for the payment of a lump sum at retirement or payments in case of death of the covered employees. The amount recorded for these obligations on the Company's balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 was $596 and was included in other long-term obligations.

## Deferred Compensation Plan

On June 1, 2018, the Company established an unfunded, non-qualified deferred compensation plan maintained for the benefit of a select group of management or highly compensated employees. Assets of the plan are held in a rabbi trust, which are subject to additional risk of loss in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of the Company. The deferred compensation liability as of



December 31, 2019 and 2018 were $1,982, $265, respectively and were included in other long-term obligations on the Company's balance sheet.

## NOTE 16 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

In 2018, the Company entered into a two (2) year lease extension for approximately 20,000 square feet of office space, which serves as the Company’s corporate headquarters and as a laboratory facility. During 2018, the Company also entered into a two year and three month lease for 7,952 square feet of additional office space, which serves as an expansion of the corporate headquarters. The Company did not enter into any significant leases in 2019. The Company leases various office, warehousing, and production space under non-cancelable operating leases, which expire at various times through 2067. The Company also leases most of its vehicles and office equipment under non-cancelable operating leases, which expire at various times through 2025. Rent expense charged to operations under such lease agreements for 2019, 2018 and 2017 aggregated approximately $3,181, $3,917 and $3,417, respectively.

Aggregate future minimum rental payments required under non-cancelable operating leases at December 31, 2019 are as follows:

<table><tr><td>Year</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2020</td><td>$ 3,214</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>2,243</td></tr><tr><td>2022</td><td>1,695</td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td>1,259</td></tr><tr><td>2024</td><td>1,051</td></tr><tr><td>Thereafter</td><td>3,602</td></tr><tr><td>Total minimum lease payments</td><td>$ 13,064</td></tr></table>

The Company’s Verona, Missouri facility, while held by a prior owner, was designated by the EPA as a Superfund site and placed on the National Priorities List in 1983, because of dioxin contamination on portions of the site. Remediation was conducted by the prior owner under the oversight of the EPA and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (“MDNR”). While the Company must maintain the integrity of the capped areas in the remediation areas on the site, the prior owner is responsible for completion of any further Superfund remedy. The Company is indemnified by the sellers under its May 2001 asset purchase agreement covering its acquisition of the Verona, Missouri facility for potential liabilities associated with the Superfund site.

From time to time, the Company is a party to various litigation, claims and assessments. Management believes that the ultimate outcome of such matters will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

## NOTE 17 – FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company has a number of financial instruments, none of which are held for trading purposes. The Company estimates that the fair value of all financial instruments at December 31, 2019 and 2018 does not differ materially from the aggregate carrying values of its financial instruments recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment is necessarily required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value, and, accordingly, the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The carrying value of debt approximates fair value as the interest rate is based on market and the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio. The Company’s financial instruments also include cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, which are carried at cost and approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2019 and 2018 included $808 and $793 in money market funds, respectively.

Non-current assets at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 included $1,982 and $265, respectively, of rabbi trust funds related to the Company's deferred compensation plan. The money market and rabbi trust funds are valued using level one inputs, as defined by ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement."

The Company also has derivative financial instruments, consisting of a cross-currency swap and an interest rate swap, which are included in derivative assets or derivative liabilities, in the consolidated balance sheets (see Note 20, "Derivative Instruments and



Hedging Activities"). The fair values of these derivative instruments are determined based on Level 2 inputs, using significant inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities.

## NOTE 18 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company provides services on a contractual agreement to St. Gabriel CC Company, LLC. These services include accounting, information technology, quality control, and purchasing services, as well as operation of the St. Gabriel CC Company, LLC plant. The Company also sells raw materials to St. Gabriel CC Company, LLC. These raw materials are used in the production of finished goods that are, in turn, sold by Saint Gabriel CC Company, LLC to the Company for resale to unrelated parties. As such, the sale of these raw materials to St. Gabriel CC Company, LLC in this scenario lacks economic substance and therefore the Company does not include them in net sales within the consolidated statements of earnings.

The services the Company provided amounted to $3,883, $3,694, and $3,445, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017. The raw materials purchased and subsequently sold amounted to $24,786, $31,107, and $23,459, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017. These services and raw materials are primarily recorded in cost of goods sold net of the finished goods received from St. Gabriel CC Company, LLC of $18,598, $22,540, and $20,827, respectively for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had receivables of $4,840 and $3,210, respectively, recorded in accounts receivable from St. Gabriel CC Company, LLC for services rendered and raw materials sold and payables of $3,230 and $1,943, respectively, for finished goods received recorded in accrued expenses. The Company had payables in the amount of $366 and $314 related to non-contractual monies owed to St. Gabriel CC Company, LLC, recorded in accrued expenses as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

## NOTE 19 – LEASES

The Company has both real estate leases and equipment leases. The main types of equipment leases include forklifts, trailers, printers and copiers, railcars, and trucks. All leases are categorized as operating leases. As a result of electing the practical expedient within ASU 2016-02, variable lease payments are combined and recognized on the balance sheet in the event that those charges and any related increases are explicitly stated in the lease. Such payments include common area maintenance charges, property taxes, and insurance charges and are recorded in the ROU asset and corresponding liability when the payments are stated in the lease with (a) fixed or in-substance fixed amounts, or (b) a variable payment based on an index or rate. Due to the acquisitive nature of the Company and the potential for synergies upon integration of acquired entities, the Company determined that the reasonably certain criterion could not be met for any renewal periods beginning two years beyond the implementation date, which is January 1, 2019. In addition, the Company has historically not been exercising purchase options with equipment leases as it does not make economic sense to buy the equipment. Instead, the Company has historically replaced the equipment with a new lease. Therefore, the Company determined that the reasonably certain criterion could not be met as it relates to purchase options. The Company has no residual value guarantees in lease transactions.

The Company did not identify any embedded leases. As indicated above, the Company elected the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components and recognizes the combined amount on the consolidated balance sheet. Management determined that since the Company has a centralized treasury function, the parent company would either fund or guarantee a subsidiary's loan for borrowing over a similar term. As such, the Company's management determined it is appropriate to utilize a corporate based borrowing rate for all locations. The Company developed four tranches of leases based on lease terms and these tranches reflect the composition of the current lease portfolio. The Company's borrowing history shows that interest rates of a term loan or a line of credit depend on the duration of the loan rather than the nature of the assets purchased by those funds. Based on this understanding, the Company elected to use a portfolio approach to discount rates, applying corporate rates to the tranches of leases based on lease terms. Based on the Company's risk rating, the company applied the following discount rates upon implementation: (1) 1-2 years, 3.45% (2) 3-4 years, 4.04% (3) 5-9 years, 4.38% and (4) 10+ years, 5.10%.



For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company's total lease cost was as follows, which included both amounts recognized in profits or losses during the period and amounts capitalized on the balance sheet, and the cash flows arising from lease transactions:

<table><tr><td></td><td>Year ended December 31, 2019</td></tr><tr><td>Lease Cost</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operating lease cost</td><td>$ 3,181</td></tr><tr><td>Other information</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>(Gains) and losses on sale and leaseback transactions, net</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Operating cash flow from operating leases</td><td>3,216</td></tr><tr><td>Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities</td><td>10,173</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases</td><td>4.93 years</td></tr><tr><td>Weighted-average discount rate - operating</td><td>4.6 %</td></tr></table>

## NOTE 20 – DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The Company is exposed to market fluctuations in interest rates as well as variability in foreign exchange rates. In May 2019, the Company entered into an interest rate swap with the Swap Counterparty and a cross-currency swap with the Bank Counterparty. The Company's primary objective for holding derivative financial instruments is to manage interest rate risk and foreign currency risk.

On May 28, 2019, the Company entered into a pay-fixed (2.05%), receive-floating interest rate swap with a notional amount of $108,569 and a maturity date of June 27, 2023. The Company's risk management objective and strategy with respect to the interest rate swap is to protect the Company against adverse fluctuations in interest rates by reducing its exposure to variability in cash flows relating to interest payments on a portion of its outstanding debt. The Company is meeting its objective since changes in the cash flows of the interest rate swap are expected to exactly offset the changes in the cash flows attributable to fluctuations in the contractually specified interest rate on the interest payments associated with the Credit Agreement. The net interest income related to the interest rate swap contract was $40 for the year ended December 31, 2019, which was recorded in the consolidated statements of operations under interest expense, net.

At the same time, the Company also entered into a pay-fixed (0.00%), receive-fixed (2.05%) cross-currency swap to manage foreign exchange risk related to the Company's net investment in Chemogas. The derivative has a notional amount of $108,569, an effective date of May 28, 2019, and a maturity date of June 27, 2023. The interest income related to the cross-currency swap contract was $1,317 for the year ended December 31, 2019, which was recorded in the consolidated statements of operations under interest expense, net.

The derivative instruments are with a single counterparty and are subject to a contractual agreement that provides for the net settlement of all contracts through a single payment in a single currency in the event of default on or termination of any one contract. As such, the derivative instruments are categorized as a master netting arrangement and presented as a net derivative asset or derivative liability on the consolidated balance sheet.



As of December 31, 2019, the fair value of derivative instruments are shown as follows in the Company's consolidated balance sheet:

<table><tr><td></td><td>Balance Sheet Location</td><td>December 31, 2019</td></tr><tr><td>Derivative liabilities:</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Interest rate swap</td><td>Derivative liabilities</td><td>$ 1,771</td></tr><tr><td>Cross-currency swap</td><td>Derivative liabilities</td><td>$ 332</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>$ 2,103</td></tr></table>

On a quarterly basis, the Company assesses whether the hedging relationship related to the interest rate swap is highly effective at achieving offsetting changes in cash flow attributable to the risk being hedged based on the following factors: (1) the key features and terms as enumerated above for the interest rate swap and hedged transactions match during the period (2) it is probable that the Swap Counterparty will not default on its obligations under the swap, and (3) the Company performs a qualitative review each quarter to assess whether the relationship qualifies for hedge accounting.

In addition, on a quarterly basis the Company assesses whether the hedging relationship related to the cross-currency swap is highly effective based on the following evaluations: (1) the Company will always have a sufficient amount of non-functional currency (EUR) net investment balance to at least meet the cross-currency notional until the maturity date of the hedge (2) it is probable that the Swap Counterparty will not default on its obligations under the swap, and (3) the Company performs a qualitative review each quarter to assess whether the relationship qualifies for hedge accounting.

If any mismatches arise for either the interest rate swap or cross-currency swap, the Company will perform a regression analysis to determine if the hedged transaction is highly effective. If determined not to be highly effective, the Company will discontinue hedge accounting.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company assessed the hedging relationships for the interest rate swap and cross-currency swap and determined them to be highly effective. As such, the net change in fair values of the derivative instruments was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Losses and gains on our hedging instruments are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and categorized as follows for the year ended December 31, 2019:

<table><tr><td></td><td>Location within Statements of Comprehensive Income</td><td>Year ended December 31, 2019</td></tr><tr><td>Cash flow hedge (interest rate swap), net of tax</td><td>Unrealized loss on cash flow hedge, net</td><td>$ (1,399)</td></tr><tr><td>Net investment hedge (cross-currency swap), net of tax</td><td>Net foreign currency translation adjustment</td><td>(262)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>$ (1,661)</td></tr></table>

There was no hedging activity for the year ended December 31, 2018.



NOTE 21 – QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)

<table><tr><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="3">2019</td><td colspan="3">2018</td></tr><tr><td>First Quarter</td><td>Second Quarter</td><td>Third Quarter</td><td>Fourth Quarter</td><td>Second Quarter</td><td>Third Quarter</td></tr><tr><td>Net sales</td><td>$ 157,029</td><td>$ 161,554</td><td>$ 158,595</td><td>$ 166,527</td><td>$ 164,410</td><td>$ 163,687</td></tr><tr><td>Gross profit</td><td>49,095</td><td>53,918</td><td>54,008</td><td>54,346</td><td>55,459</td><td>53,466</td></tr><tr><td>Earnings before income taxes</td><td>24,793</td><td>24,881</td><td>24,436</td><td>22,368</td><td>25,017</td><td>23,529</td></tr><tr><td>Net earnings</td><td>18,783</td><td>19,829</td><td>20,676</td><td>20,383</td><td>19,346</td><td>19,214</td></tr><tr><td>Basic net earnings per common share</td><td>$ .58</td><td>$ .62</td><td>$ .64</td><td>$ .64</td><td>$ .60</td><td>$ .61</td></tr><tr><td>Diluted net earnings per common share</td><td>$ .58</td><td>$ .61</td><td>$ .64</td><td>$ .63</td><td>$ .60</td><td>$ .61</td></tr></table>



## BALCHEM CORPORATION
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
(In thousands)

<table><tr><td></td><td>Allowance for Doubtful Accounts</td><td>Inventory Reserve</td></tr><tr><td>Balance - December 31, 2016</td><td>$ 489</td><td>$ 2,546</td></tr><tr><td>Additions charged (credited) to costs and expenses</td><td>126</td><td>538</td></tr><tr><td>Adjustments/deductions \( ^{(a)} \)</td><td>(184)</td><td>(769)</td></tr><tr><td>Balance - December 31, 2017</td><td>431</td><td>2,315</td></tr><tr><td>Additions charged (credited) to costs and expenses</td><td>43</td><td>898</td></tr><tr><td>Adjustments/deductions \( ^{(a)} \)</td><td>136</td><td>(638)</td></tr><tr><td>Balance - December 31, 2018</td><td>610</td><td>2,575</td></tr><tr><td>Additions charged (credited) to costs and expenses</td><td>1,776</td><td>7,069</td></tr><tr><td>Adjustments/deductions \( ^{(a)} \)</td><td>(306)</td><td>(5,363)</td></tr><tr><td>Balance - December 31, 2019</td><td>$ 2,080</td><td>$ 4,281</td></tr></table>

(a) Represents write-offs and other adjustments



## Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

## Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

## Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2019. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

## Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of our principal executive and principal financial officers to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable assurances that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and our directors; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, no evaluation of internal control over financial reporting can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our Company have been detected. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or its internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud.

These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of controls effectiveness to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.



We completed the Zumbro and Chemogas acquisitions in 2019. Management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting excludes the internal controls over financial reporting of Chemogas and Zumbro. The acquisitions contributed approximately 3% of our net sales for the year ended December 31, 2019, and accounted for approximately 15% of our assets as of December 31, 2019. Registrants are permitted to exclude acquisitions from their assessment of internal controls over financial reporting during the first year if, among other circumstances and factors, there is not adequate time between the consummation date of the acquisition and the assessment date for assessing internal controls. Management is in the process of implementing internal control procedures for these subsidiaries.

As of December 31, 2019, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework (New Framework) to conduct an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Based on this assessment, management has determined that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019.

## Attestation Report of Registered Public Accounting Firm

The independent registered public accounting firm of RSM US LLP has issued an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting, which is included herein.

## Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no significant change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

None.



## PART III

## Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers of the Registrant, and Corporate Governance.

(a) Directors of the Company.

The required information is to be set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "2020 Proxy Statement") under the captions "Nominees for Election as Director" and "Directors Not Standing for Election", which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

(b) Executive Officers of the Company.

The required information is to be set forth in the 2020 Proxy Statement under the captions "Nominees for Election as Director" (as to Theodore L. Harris, the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer) and "Executive Officers" (as to the Company's other executive officers), which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

(c) Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.

The required information is to be set forth in the 2020 Proxy Statement under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

(d) Code of Ethics.

The required information is to be set forth in the 2020 Proxy Statement under the caption “Code of Business Conduct and Ethics,” which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Our Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers is available on the Corporate Governance page in the Investor Relations section of our website, www.balchem.com.

(e) Corporate Governance.

The required information is to be set forth in the 2020 Proxy Statement under the captions “Nomination of Directors,” and “Committees of the Board of Directors,” which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

## Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The information required by this Item is to be set forth in the 2020 Proxy Statement under the captions “Executive Compensation,” “Compensation Committee Report,” and “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

## Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The information required by this Item is to be set forth in the 2020 Proxy Statement under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and of Management” and the caption “Equity Compensation Plan Information,” all of which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

## Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence.

The information required by this Item is to be set forth in the 2020 Proxy Statement under the caption “Related Party Transactions,” and “Director Independence,” which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

## Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

The information required by this Item is to be set forth in the 2020 Proxy Statement under the caption “Proposal No. 2 - Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,” which information is hereby incorporated herein by reference.



## PART IV

## Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K:

<table><tr><td>1.</td><td>Financial Statements</td><td>Page Number</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017</td><td>28</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017</td><td>29</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Consolidated Statements of Stockholders&#x27; Equity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>2.</td><td>Financial Statement Schedules</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017</td><td>61</td></tr><tr><td>3.</td><td>Exhibits</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3.1</td><td>Balchem Corporation Composite Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company&#x27;s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated March 16, 2006 for the year ended December 31, 2005).</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3.2</td><td>Balchem Corporation Articles of Amendment (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Company&#x27;s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Commission on April 25, 2008).</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3.3</td><td>Balchem Corporation Articles of Amendment (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Company&#x27;s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Commission on April 28, 2011).</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3.4</td><td>By-laws of the Company, as amended and restated as of December 17, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company&#x27;s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 19, 2019).</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10.1</td><td>Balchem Corporation 401(k)/Profit Sharing Plan, dated January 1, 1998 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 to the Company&#x27;s Registration Statement on Form S-8, File No. 333-118291, dated August 17, 2004).</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10.2</td><td>Balchem Corporation Second Amended and Restated 1999 Stock Plan, (incorporated by reference to the Company&#x27;s Registration Statement on Form S-8, File No. No. 333-155655, dated November 25, 2008, and to Proxy Statement, dated April 25, 2008, for the Company&#x27;s 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders).*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10.3</td><td>Form of Restricted Stock Grant Agreement and Stock Option Agreement under the Balchem Corporation Second Amended and Restated 1999 Stock Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company&#x27;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012).</td><td></td></tr></table>



<table><tr><td>10.4</td><td>Employment Agreement, dated as of April 22, 2016, between the Company and Theodore L. Harris (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#x27;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2016).*</td></tr><tr><td>10.5</td><td>Balchem Corporation 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to the Company&#x27;s Registration Statement on Form S-8, File No. 333-219722, dated August 4, 2017 and Appendix A to the Company&#x27;s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed April 27, 2017).</td></tr><tr><td>10.6</td><td>Forms of Restricted Stock Grant Agreement, Performance Share Unit Grant Agreement and Stock Option Agreement under the Balchem Corporation 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company&#x27;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018).</td></tr><tr><td>10.7</td><td>Credit Agreement dated June 27, 2018 among Balchem Corporation, the Domestic Guarantors (as defined in the Credit Agreement), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the Lenders guarantors (as defined in the Credit Agreement) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company&#x27;s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 5, 2018).</td></tr><tr><td>10.8</td><td>Security and Pledge Agreement dated June 27, 2018 among Balchem Corporation, the Domestic Guarantors and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company&#x27;s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 5, 2018).</td></tr><tr><td>10.9</td><td>Offer Letter, dated as of January 10, 2019, between the Company and Martin Bengtsson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company&#x27;s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 4, 2019).</td></tr><tr><td>10.10</td><td>Securities Purchase Agreement among (a) Balchem, (b) Chemogas Gilde B.V., a limited liability company organized and existing under the laws of The Netherlands, (c) Dirk Battig, (d) Dirk Van den Borre, (e) Eric Matthijs, (f) Christophe Marque, (g) Adamo Pia (h) Jurgen De Smet, and (i) Sebastien Verwilghen, dated as of May 2, 2019 (incorporated by reference to the Company&#x27;s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 6, 2019) (certain exhibits and schedules to the Securities Purchase Agreement have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K and the Company will furnish a copy of any such omitted exhibit or Schedule to the SEC upon Request)).</td></tr><tr><td>10.11</td><td>Equity Purchase Agreement relating to the Equity Interests of Zumbro River Brand, Inc. and Prairie Resources, LLC dated as of December 13, 2019 (incorporated by reference to the Company&#x27;s Current Report on Form 8-K Dated December 18, 2019) (certain exhibits and schedules to the Equity Purchase Agreement have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K and the Company will furnish a copy of any such omitted exhibit or Schedule to the SEC upon Request)).</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>Subsidiaries of Registrant.</td></tr><tr><td>23.1</td><td>Consent of RSM US LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.</td></tr><tr><td>31.1</td><td>Certification of Chief Executive Officer Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).</td></tr><tr><td>31.2</td><td>Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).</td></tr><tr><td>32.1</td><td>Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code.</td></tr><tr><td>32.2</td><td>Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code.</td></tr><tr><td>101.INS</td><td>XBRL Instance Document</td></tr></table>



101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Each of the Exhibits noted by an asterisk is a management compensatory plan or arrangement.



## SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: February 21, 2020

BALCHEM CORPORATION
By:/s/ Theodore L. Harris
Theodore L. Harris, President and
Chief Executive Officer

## SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

/s/ Theodore L. Harris

Theodore L. Harris, President and

Chief Executive Officer (Chairman)

Date: February 21, 2020

/s/ Martin Bengtsson

Martin Bengtsson, Chief Financial Officer

and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer)

Date: February 21, 2020

/s/ William A. Backus

William A. Backus, Chief Accounting Officer

(Principal Accounting Officer)

Date: February 21, 2020

/s/ Paul D. Coombs

Paul D. Coombs, Director

Date: February 21, 2020

/s/ David B. Fischer

David B. Fischer, Director

Date: February 21, 2020

/s/ Daniel E. Knutson

Daniel E. Knutson, Director

Date: February 21, 2020

/s/ Joyce Lee

Joyce Lee, Director

Date: February 21, 2020

/s/ Perry W. Premdas

Perry W. Premdas, Director

Date: February 21, 2020

/s/ Dr. John Televantos

Dr. John Televantos, Director

Date: February 21, 2020

/s/ Matthew Wineinger

Matthew Wineinger, Director

Date: February 21, 2020



HEADQUARTERS
Balchem Corporation
52 Sunrise Park Road
New Hampton, NY 10958
845.326.5600

STOCK LISTING
NASDAQ Global Select Market
Symbol: BCPC

INVESTOR RELATIONS
Mary Ann Brush
845.326.5616

TRANSFER AGENT
Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc.
2 Journal Square Plaza
Jersey City, NJ 07306

INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
RSM US LLP
1185 Avenue of the Americas, 6th Fl.
New York, NY 10036

CORPORATE COUNSEL
Duane Morris, LLP
100 High Street, Suite 2400
Boston, MA 02110-1724

WEB SITE
www.balchem.com

BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Theodore L. Harris
Paul D. Coombs
David B. Fischer
Daniel E. Knutson
Joyce J. Lee
Perry W. Premdas
Dr. John Y. Televantos
Matthew D. Wineinger

CORPORATE OFFICERS
Theodore L. Harris
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

C. Martin Bengtsson
Chief Financial Officer
Treasurer

Mark A. Stach
General Counsel
Secretary



## balchem \( ^{®} \) 

Balchem Corporation

52 Sunrise Park Road

New Hampton, NY 10958

Phone (845) 326-5600

Fax (845) 326-5702

Email info@balchem.com

Web www.balchem.com