Fullgilding samnings um allsherjarbann við tilraunum með kjarnavopn Stjórnartillaga - þingskjal nr. 887

125. löggjafarþing 1999–2000.

Þskj. 887 - 585. mál.

Tillaga til þingsályktunar um fullgildingu samnings um allsherjarbann við tilraunum með kjarnavopn.

(Lögð fyrir Alþingi á 125. löggjafarþingi 1999–2000.)

Alþingi ályktar að heimila ríkisstjórninni að fullgilda fyrir Íslands hönd samning um allsherjarbann við tilraunum með kjarnavopn sem samþykktur var í New York 10. september 1996.

Athugasemdir við þingsályktunartillögu þessa.

Með þingsályktunartillögu þessari er leitað heimildar Alþingis til fullgildingar á samningi um allsherjarbann við tilraunum með kjarnavopn sem samþykktur var í New York 10. september 1996. Samningurinn er prentaður sem fylgiskjal með tillögunni.

Samningur þessi er tvímælalaust mikilvægasti alþjóðasamningur undanfarinna ára er snýr að kjarnavopnum. Samningurinn kveður á um allsherjarbann við tilraunum með kjarnasprengingar. Áður höfðu samningar náðst um bann við tilraunum í andrúmslofti, í geimnum og neðansjávar (1963), sem og um takmörkun sprenginga við 150 kílótonna styrkleika (1974).

Afvopnunarráðstefnan í Genf hóf samningaviðræður um allsherjarbann við tilraunum með kjarnavopn 26. janúar 1994. Ráðstefnan getur einungis tekið ákvarðanir með almennu samþykki þeirra ríkja sem taka þátt í henni og þegar upp var staðið var eitt ríkjanna, Indland, ekki reiðubúið til að samþykkja þau samningsdrög sem samstaða var um að öðru leyti. Af þessum sökum var samningurinn lagður fyrir aukaallsherjarþing Sameinuðu þjóðanna sem kallað var saman sérstaklega í þessum tilgangi og samþykkti það samninginn með miklum meiri hluta 10. september 1996. Samningurinn var lagður fram til undirritunar 24. september 1996 og var hann undirritaður af Íslands hálfu sama dag.

Samningurinn um allsherjarbann við tilraunum með kjarnavopn hafði hinn 24. mars 2000 verið undirritaður af 155 ríkjum og fullgiltur af hálfu 55 ríkja. Samningurinn öðlast ekki gildi fyrr en þau 44 ríki, sem tilgreind eru í 2. viðauka við samninginn, hafa fullgilt hann. Af þessum ríkjum hafa 28 ríki fullgilt samninginn en 41 undirritað hann. Þrjú ríkjanna, Indland, Pakistan og Norður-Kórea, hafa ekki undirritað samninginn. Kjarnorkuveldin Bandaríkin, Rússland, Kína, Frakkland og Bretland hafa öll undirritað samninginn. Tvö síðastnefndu ríkin hafa enn fremur fullgilt samninginn.

Samningurinn gerir ráð fyrir alþjóðlegu eftirlitskerfi sem samanstendur af alls 321 stöð víðs vegar um heim í samtals 89 löndum. Kerfið er tvískipt, aðalkerfi og varakerfi. Tvær þessara stöðva verða staðsettar á Íslandi til mælinga á geislavirkni og jarðhræringum. Stöð til mælinga á geislavirkni tilheyrir aðalkerfinu og verður staðsett á Rjúpnahæð. Uppsetning stöðvarinnar er áætluð síðar á þessu ári. Verður hún í umsjón Geislavarna ríkisins sem einnig munu sjá um að miðla upplýsingum frá stöðinni til alþjóðlegrar gagnamiðstöðvar sem safnar saman upplýsingum frá stöðvum víðs vegar um heim. Stöð til jarðskjálftamælinga, sem Veðurstofa Íslands hefur umsjón með, er staðsett í nágrenni við Borgarnes og er henni ætlað að þjóna varakerfinu.

Sérstök stofnun með aðsetur í Vínarborg hefur umsjón með framkvæmd samningsins og rekstri alþjóðaeftirlitskerfisins og gagnamiðstöðvarinnar.

Kjarnorkuveldin hafa frá árinu 1945 framkvæmt alls 2.046 sprengingar með kjarnavopn. Engar tilraunasprengingar fóru fram eftir að samningurinn var lagður fram til undirskriftar í september 1996 þar til í maí 1998 að Indland og Pakistan rufu þá samstöðu sem ríkti um allsherjarbann.

Allsherjarbann við kjarnasprengingum hefur mikla þýðingu til að stemma stigu við vígbúnaðarkapphlaupi á sviði kjarnavopna. Samningurinn setur ríkjum skorður í þróun og smíði kjarnavopna, einkum þeim ríkjum sem ekki eiga slík vopn fyrir en hafa í hyggju að koma þeim upp. Samningurinn hamlar einnig gegn frekari þróun nýrra vopna þeirra ríkja sem þegar hafa á að skipa kjarnavopnum. Samningurinn hefur þannig mjög mikið gildi í viðleitni til að stemma stigu við útbreiðslu kjarnavopna og hefta frekari þróun þeirra. Hann er einnig álitinn skipta miklu hvað varðar fækkun kjarnavopna.

Kjarnorkuveldin Bandaríkin, Rússland og Kína hafa enn ekki fullgilt samninginn um allsherjarbann við tilraunum með kjarnavopn. Bandaríkin voru meðal þeirra ríkja sem höfðu forustu um gerð samningsins og hafa alla tíð verið í fararbroddi í því að stemma stigu við útbreiðslu kjarnavopna. Öldungadeild Bandaríkjaþings felldi í atkvæðagreiðslu (51–48) ályktun um fullgildingu samningnsins í október 1999. Bandaríkjaforseti lýsti því yfir að hann mundi halda áfram að berjast fyrir allsherjarbanni við tilraunum með kjarnavopn og að Bandaríkin mundu halda áfram þeirri stefnu sem mörkuð var árið 1992 að gera ekki tilraunir með kjarnavopn.

Rússland og Kína hafa lýst því yfir að þau muni fullgilda samninginn en ekki liggur fyrir hvenær það verður.

Það leiðir af framangreindu að það er allsendis óvíst hvenær samningurinn mun öðlast gildi. Vestræn ríki hafa almennt lagt áherslu á að fullgilda samninginn hið fyrsta og framfylgja ákvæðum hans án tillits til hvenær hann öðlast formlega gildi. Að baki búa pólitískar ástæður og viðleitni til að skapa aðstæður sem flýtt geta fyrir gildistöku samningsins.

Samningurinn samanstendur af inngangsorðum, 17 greinum og tveimur viðaukum, auk bókunar með viðaukum.

Í inngangsorðum er farið almennum orðum um markmið samningsins og þær skyldur sem aðildarríki takast á hendur samkvæmt honum. Í 1.–6. gr. eru sett fram meginefnisatriði samningsins.

1. gr. felur í sér skuldbindingu aðildarríkja til að framkvæma engar tilraunasprengingar kjarnavopna eða að taka á nokkurn hátt þátt í slíkum tilraunum og banna allar slíkar sprengingar í lögsögu eða á yfirráðasvæði þeirra.

2. gr. fjallar um stofnun þá í Vínarborg sem fer með umsjón og framkvæmd samningsins, uppbyggingu hennar, starfsreglur og hlutverk.

3. gr. tilgreinir þær ráðstafanir sem hvert aðildaríkjanna þarf að standa að heima fyrir til að uppfylla skuldbindingar samkvæmt samningnum.

4. gr. felur í sér ítarleg ákvæði um eftirlit og alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfið, þær skuldbindingar sem aðildarríkin taka á sig varðandi eftirlit á staðnum, framkvæmd eftirlits og önnur atriði sem lúta að eftirliti með því að samningnum sé framfylgt.

5. gr. fjallar um aðgerðir til að tryggja að staðið sé við skuldbindingar samkvæmt samningnum, þar á meðal viðurlög.

6. gr. fjallar um lausn deilumála sem upp kunna að koma í tengslum við framkvæmd samningsins.

7. gr. segir til um hvernig farið skuli með tillögur um breytingar á samningnum.

8. gr. fjallar um endurskoðunarráðstefnur samningsins sem haldnar eru á tíu ára fresti.

9.–17. gr. fjalla m.a. um gildistíma og úrsögn, gildi bókunar og viðauka, undirritun, fullgildingu, gildistöku, fyrirvara og vörsluaðila.

Tveir viðaukar eru við samninginn. Sá fyrri er listi yfir aðildarríki samningsins sem tekið geta sæti í framkvæmdaráði samkvæmt ákveðinni landfræðilegri skiptingu. Framkvæmdaráðið er hluti stofnunarinnar í Vínarborg og í því eiga sæti fulltrúar 51 aðildarríkis. Seinni viðaukinn er listi yfir þau 44 ríki sem þurfa að fullgilda samninginn til þess að hann geti öðlast gildi.

Í bókuninni með samningnum er ítarleg útfærsla á 4. gr. samningsins um eftilit. Bókunin skiptist í þrjá hluta. Sá fyrsti tekur til alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfisins og gagnamiðstöðvarinnar. Annar hlutinn fjallar um starfsreglur og eftirlit á staðnum og sá þriðji um traustvekjandi aðgerðir. Tveir viðaukar eru við bókunina. Sá fyrri hefur að geyma lista yfir stöðvar alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfisins og sá seinni tilgreinir tæknilega mælikvarða sem gagnamiðstöðin hefur til hliðsjónar í störfum sínum.

Dómsmálaráðuneytið hefur til athugunar hvort þörf sé á setningu nýrra laga eða breytingu á núgildandi lögum til þess að Ísland geti staðið við þær skuldbindingar sem í samningnum felast.

Fylgiskjal.

SAMNINGUR

UM ALLSHERJARBANN VIÐ TILRAUNUM MEÐ KJARNAVOPN

Inngangsorð.

Ríkin sem eru aðilar að samningi þessum (hér eftir nefnd „aðildarríkin“),

fagna þeim alþjóðasamningum og öðrum jákvæðum aðgerðum undanfarinna ára á sviði afvopnunar er lúta að kjarnavopnum, þar á meðal samdrætti í birgðum kjarnavopna, svo og hvað varðar hvers kyns hömlur á útbreiðslu kjarnavopna,

undirstrika mikilvægi alhliða og tafarlausrar framkvæmdar slíkra samninga og aðgerða,

eru sannfærð um að núverandi ástand alþjóðamála veiti tækifæri til frekari virkra aðgerða í átt til afvopnunar á sviði kjarnavopna og til að vinna á móti hvers kyns útbreiðslu kjarnavopna og lýsa yfir fyrirætlun sinni að grípa til slíkra aðgerða,

leggja áherslu á, af þessum sökum, að halda áfram kerfisbundinni og stöðugri viðleitni til að fækka kjarnavopnum um heim allan með það endanlega markmið að útrýma þessum vopnum og koma á almennri og algjörri afvopnun undir ströngu og skilvirku alþjóðlegu eftirliti,

viðurkenna að stöðvun allra tilraunasprenginga með kjarnavopn og allra annarra kjarnasprenginga, með því að hefta þróun og betrumbætur kjarnavopna og stöðva þróun nýrra tegunda kjarnavopna, felur í sér skilvirka aðgerð á sviði afvopnunar er lýtur að kjarnavopnum og hverskyns útbreiðslu þeirra,

viðurkenna enn fremur að stöðvun allra slíkra kjarnasprenginga muni því fela í sér mikilvægt skref í að koma á kerfisbundnu ferli til afvopnunar á sviði kjarnavopna,

eru sannfærð um að skilvirkasta leiðin til að koma á stöðvun tilrauna með kjarnavopn sé gerð samnings um allsherjarbann við tilraunum með kjarnavopn, sem nái til alls heimsins og unnt sé að hafa alþjóðlegt og skilvirkt eftirlit með, en það hefur lengi verið eitt af helstu forgangsmarkmiðum hins alþjóðlega samfélags á sviði afvopnunar og þess að stemma stigu við útbreiðslu vopna,

vekja athygli á þeim vonum sem lýst var af hálfu aðildarríkja samningsins um bann við tilraunum með kjarnavopn í gufuhvolfinu, í geimnum og neðansjávar um að takast mætti að stöðva endanlega allar tilraunir með kjarnasprengjur,

vekja enn fremur athygli á þeim viðhorfum, sem fram hafa komið, að samningur þessi gæti stuðlað að verndun umhverfisins,

staðfesta það markmið að afla fylgis allra ríkja við samning þennan og þann tilgang hans að stuðla með skilvirkum hætti að því að hefta hverskyns útbreiðslu kjarnavopna, að afvopnun á sviði kjarnavopna og þar með að eflingu friðar og öryggis í heiminum, og

hafa orðið ásátt um eftirfarandi:

1. gr.

Grundvallarskuldbindingar.

1. Hvert aðildarríki skuldbindur sig til að framkvæma engar tilraunasprengingar með kjarnavopn eða nokkrar aðrar kjarnasprengingar og að banna og koma í veg fyrir allar slíkar sprengingar hvar sem er í lögsögu þess eða yfirráðasvæði.

2. Hvert aðildarríki skuldbindur sig enn fremur til þess að forðast að valda, hvetja til eða taka á nokkurn hátt þátt í að framkvæma neinar tilraunasprengingar með kjarnavopn eða hvers kyns aðrar kjarnasprengingar.

2. gr.

Stofnunin.

A. Almenn ákvæði.

1. Aðildarríkin setja hér með á fót stofnunina um allsherjarbann við tilraunum með kjarnavopn (hér eftir nefnd „stofnunin“) til að koma í framkvæmd tilgangi og markmiði samningsins, til að tryggja framkvæmd ákvæða hans, þar á meðal þeirra sem lúta að alþjóðlegu eftirliti með að honum verði framfylgt, og til að skapa samráðs- og samstarfsvettvang meðal aðildarríkjanna.

2. Aðildarríkin skulu öll vera aðilar að stofnuninni. Aðildarríki verður ekki svipt aðild að stofnuninni.

3. Stofnunin skal hafa aðsetur í Vínarborg í Austurríki.

4. Hér með eru settar á fót eftirfarandi einingar stofnunarinnar: þing aðildarríkjanna, framkvæmdaráðið og tækniskrifstofan sem nær meðal annars yfir alþjóðlegu gagnamiðstöðina.

5. Sérhvert aðildarríki skal eiga samstarf við stofnunina um framkvæmd starfa hennar í samræmi við ákvæði þessa samnings. Aðildarríkin skulu hafa beint samráð sín á milli, eða fyrir milligöngu stofnunarinnar eða á grundvelli annara viðeigandi alþjóðlegra starfsreglna, þar á meðal starfsreglna innan vébanda Sameinuðu þjóðanna og samkvæmt sáttmála þeirra, varðandi hvert það atriði sem upp kann að koma í tengslum við tilgang og markmið þessa samnings eða framkvæmd ákvæða hans.

6. Stofnunin skal við störf að eftirliti með samningnum leitast við að forðast ágengni eins og kostur er og samræmist tímanlegum og skilvirkum lyktum þess. Hún skal einungis fara fram á upplýsingar og gögn sem nauðsynleg eru til að sinna skyldum sínum samkvæmt samningi þessum. Hún skal gera hvers kyns varúðarráðstafanir til að varðveita trúnaðarupplýsingar um borgaralega og hernaðarlega starfsemi og aðstöðu sem hún fær í hendur við framkvæmd samningsins, og einkum skal hún fara að trúnaðarákvæðum þeim sem sett eru fram í samningnum.

7. Hvert aðildarríki, sem fær í hendur trúnaðarupplýsingar og -gögn frá stofnuninni í tengslum við framkvæmd samningsins, skal fara með þau sem trúnaðarmál og veita þeim sérstaka meðferð. Það skal einvörðungu fara með slíkar upplýsingar og gögn í tengslum við réttindi og skyldur þess samkvæmt þessum samningi.

8. Stofnunin skal sem sjálfstæð eining leitast við að nýta sérþekkingu og aðstöðu sem fyrir hendi er, eftir því sem við á, á fjárhaglega hagkvæman hátt með því að gera samkomulag um samstarf við aðrar alþjóðastofnanir svo sem Alþjóðakjarnorkumálastofnunina. Slíkt samkomulag, að undanskildu því er lýtur að minni háttar viðskipta- og verktakaverkefnum, skal leggja fram á þingi aðildarríkjanna til samþykktar.

9. Kostnaður við starfsemi stofnunarinnar skal greiddur á ársgrundvelli af aðildarríkjunum í samræmi við kvarða Sameinuðu þjóðanna, lagfærðan að teknu tilliti til mismunar á aðild að Sameinuðu þjóðunum og stofnuninni.

10. Fjárframlög aðildarríkjanna til undirbúningsnefndarinnar skulu dregin með viðeigandi hætti frá framlögum þeirra til almennrar fjárhagsáætlunar stofnunarinnar.

11. Aðili að stofnuninni, sem er í vanskilum með greiðslu á áætluðum framlögum sínum til stofnunarinnar, skal ekki hafa atkvæðisrétt innan stofnunarinnar ef skuldin nemur framlögum hans á næstliðnum tveimur árum eða meira. Þing aðildarríkjanna getur hins vegar leyft slíkum aðila að greiða atkvæði, ef sýnt þykir að vanskilin megi rekja til óviðráðanlegra ástæðna.

B. Þing aðildarríkjanna.

Samsetning, málsmeðferðarreglur og ákvarðanataka.

12. Þing aðildarríkjanna (hér á eftir nefnt „þingið“) skal samsett af öllum aðildarríkjunum. Hvert aðildarríki skal eiga einn fulltrúa á þinginu og er honum heimilt að hafa með sér varamenn og ráðgjafa.

13. Vörsluaðili skal boða til opnunarfundar þingsins eigi síðar en 30 dögum eftir að þessi samningur öðlast gildi.

14. Þingið skal koma saman á reglulegum fundum, sem haldnir skulu árlega, nema annað sé ákveðið.

15. Boðað skal til aukafundar þingsins:

a. þegar þingið ákveður það;

b. þegar framkvæmdaráðið óskar þess; eða

c. þegar þess er óskað af aðildarríki sem stutt er af meiri hluta aðildarríkjanna.

Boðað skal til aukafundarins eigi síðar en 30 dögum eftir að þingið hefur tekið ákvörðun þar að lútandi, framkvæmdaráðið hefur óskað þess eða tekist hefur að afla nægjanlegs stuðnings til boðunar aukafundarins, nema annað komi fram í ákvörðuninni eða beiðninni.

16. Einnig má kalla þingið saman í formi breytingarþings í samræmi við 7. gr.

17. Þingið má enn fremur kalla saman sem endurskoðunarþing í samræmi við 8. gr.

18. Þingfundir skulu fara fram þar sem stofnunin hefur aðsetur nema þingið ákveði annað.

19. Þingið skal setja sér reglur um málsmeðferð. Í upphafi hvers fundar skal kjörinn forseti og aðrir embættismenn eftir þörfum. Skulu þeir gegna störfum þar til nýr forseti og aðrir embættismenn hafa verið kjörnir á næsta fundi.

20. Fundur er ákvörðunarbær ef fulltrúar meiri hluta aðildarríkjanna eru viðstaddir.

21. Hvert aðildarríki hefur eitt atkvæði.

22. Þingið skal taka ákvarðanir um mál er lúta að málsmeðferð með meiri hluta þeirra fulltrúa aðila sem viðstaddir eru og greiða atkvæði. Ákvarðanir um efnisatriði skulu, að svo miklu leyti sem kostur er, teknar með almennu samkomulagi. Náist ekki almennt samkomulag við ákvarðanatöku skal forseti þingsins fresta atkvæðagreiðslu um sólarhring og nýta frestinn til að gera allt sem í hans valdi stendur til að ná almennu samkomulagi og gera þinginu grein fyrir stöðu mála áður en fresturinn rennur út. Náist ekki almennt samkomulag innan sólarhrings skal þingið taka ákvörðun með tveimur þriðju hlutum þeirra fulltrúa aðila sem viðstaddir eru og greiða atkvæði nema öðruvísi sé kveðið á um í samningnum. Þegar áhöld eru um hvort um sé að ræða efnislegt atriði eða ekki skal farið með það sem efnislegt nema annað sé ákveðið af þeim meiri hluta sem þarf til að að taka ákvarðanir um efnisleg atriði.

23. Þegar þingið starfar samkvæmt k-lið 26. mgr. skal ákvörðun um að bæta einhverju ríki við listann yfir ríki í 1. viðauka við samninginn vera í samræmi við málsmeðferð um ákvarðanir um efnisleg atriði sem lýst er í 22. mgr. Þrátt fyrir 22. mgr. skal þingið taka ákvarðanir um sérhverja aðra breytingu á 1. viðauka við þennan samning með almennu samkomulagi.

Valdsvið og verkefni.

24. Þingið skal vera höfuðeining stofnunarinnar. Það skal taka til umfjöllunar öll álitamál, málefni og atriði sem falla undir gildissvið þessa samnings, þar með talin þau sem tengjast valdsviði og verkefnum framkvæmdaráðsins og tækniskrifstofunnar, í samræmi við samninginn. Þingið getur gert tilmæli og tekið ákvarðanir varðandi öll álitamál, málefni og atriði innan gildissviðs samningsins sem sett eru fram af aðildarríki eða framkvæmdaráðið vekur athygli þess á.

25. Þingið skal hafa umsjón með framkvæmd samningsins, fylgjast með því að honum sé framfylgt og stuðla að því að markmiði hans og tilgangi verði náð. Það skal einnig hafa umsjón með starfsemi framkvæmdaráðsins og tækniskrifstofunnar og getur gefið út leiðbeiningar fyrir hvort um sig til að starfa eftir.

26. Þingið skal:

a. taka til athugunar og samþykkja skýrslu stofnunarinnar um framkvæmd þessa samnings og ársáætlun og fjárhagsáætlun stofnunarinnar, sem lagðar eru fram af framkvæmdaráðinu, sem og ígrunda aðrar skýrslur;

b. ákveða kvarða um fjárframlög sem aðildarríkin skulu greiða samkvæmt 9. mgr.;

c. kjósa meðlimi framkvæmdaráðsins;

d. tilnefna framkvæmdastjóra tækniskrifstofunnar (hér eftir nefndur ,,framkvæmdastjórinn“);

e. fjalla um og samþykkja málsmeðferðarreglur framkvæmdaráðsins sem hið síðarnefnda leggur fram;

f. taka til athugunar og endurskoðunar vísindalega og tæknilega þróun sem gæti haft áhrif á framkvæmd samningsins. Í þessu sambandi getur þingið gert framkvæmdastjóranum að stofna vísindalega ráðgjafarnefnd til að auðvelda honum að framfylgja þeim starfsskyldum sínum að veita þinginu, framkvæmdaráðinu eða aðildarríkjunum sérfræðiráðgjöf á sviði tækni og vísinda sem máli skiptir að því er varðar samninginn. Vísindalega ráðgjafarnefndin skal í því tilviki vera skipuð sjálfstæðum og óháðum sérfræðingum sem skipaðir eru, í samræmi við umboð sem þingið ákveður, á grundvelli sérhæfingar þeirra og þekkingar á viðkomandi sviðum vísinda sem máli skipta við framkvæmd samningsins;

g. gera nauðsynlegar ráðstafanir til að tryggja að samningnum sé framfylgt og að lagfærðar séu og ráðin bót á hvers kyns aðstæðum sem stangast á við ákvæði samningsins, í samræmi við 5. gr.;

h. taka til athugunar og samþykkja á upphafsfundi sínum öll þau drög að samningum, fyrirkomulagi, ákvæðum, málsmeðferðarreglum, vinnuleiðbeiningum, leiðbeiningum og öðrum skjölum sem samin eru og mælt er með af undirbúningsnefndinni;

i. taka til athugunar og samþykkja samninga eða fyrirkomulag sem tækniskrifstofan semur um við aðildarríki, önnur ríki og alþjóðastofnanir sem framkvæmdaráðið skal sjá um fyrir hönd stofnunarinnar samkvæmt h-lið 38. mgr.;

j. setja á fót undirstofnanir sem hún telur nauðsynlegar til að sinna hlutverki sínu í samræmi við samninginn; og

k. uppfæra, ef þurfa þykir, 1. viðauka við samninginn samkvæmt 23. mgr.

C. Framkvæmdaráðið.

Samsetning, málsmeðferðarreglur og ákvarðanataka.

27. Í framkvæmdaráðinu skal eiga sæti 51 fulltrúi. Hvert aðildarríki skal eiga rétt á sæti í framkvæmdaráðinu samkvæmt ákvæðum þessarar greinar.

28. Með hliðsjón af þörf fyrir jafna landfræðilega dreifingu skal framkvæmdaráðið samsett af fulltrúum:

a. tíu aðildarríkja frá Afríku;

b. sjö aðildarríkja frá Austur-Evrópu;

c. níu aðildarríkja frá Suður- og Mið-Ameríku og ríkjum í Karabíska hafinu;

d. sjö aðildarríkja frá Austurlöndum nær og Suður-Asíu;

e. tíu aðildarríkja frá Norður-Ameríku og Vestur-Evrópu;

f. átta aðildarríkja frá Suðaustur-Asíu, Kyrrahafsvæðinu og Austurlöndum fjær;

Öll ríki á hverju framangreindra landfræðilegra svæða eru skráð í 1. viðauka við þennan samning. 1. viðauki við þennan samning skal uppfærður, eftir því sem þurfa þykir, af þinginu í samræmi við 23. mgr. og k-lið 26. mgr. Ekki skal gera á honum breytingar samkvæmt málsmeðferðarreglum þeim sem kveðið er á um í 7. gr.

29. Fulltrúar í framkvæmdaráðið skulu kjörnir af þinginu. Í þessu sambandi skal hvert landfræðilegt svæði tilnefna aðildarríki frá því svæði til setu í framkvæmdaráðinu sem hér segir:

a. að minnsta kosti einn þriðji hluti þeirra sæta, sem úthlutað er til hvers landfræðilegs svæðis, skal skipaður með tilliti til stjórnmála- og öryggishagsmuna, af aðildarríkjum á viðkomandi svæði sem tilnefnd eru á grundvelli tilstyrks á sviði kjarnorkusem máli skiptir út frá samningnum eins og markast af alþjóðlegum upplýsingum sem og í öllum eða sérhverjum eftirfarandi leiðandi viðmiðum í þeirri forgangsröð sem kveðið er á um af hverju svæði fyrir sig:

a. fjölda stöðva í hinu alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfi;

b. sérfræðiþekkingu og reynslu í eftirlitstækni; og

c. framlagi til árlegrar fjárhagsáætlunar stofnunarinnar;

b. eitt þeirra sæta sem úthlutað er til hvers landfræðilegs svæðis skal skipað til skiptis af því aðildarríki sem fremst stendur í enskri stafrófsröð á meðal aðildarríkjanna á viðkomandi svæði sem lengst hefur ekki átt sæti í framkvæmdaráðinu frá því að það varð aðildarríki eða átti sæti, eftir því hvort tímabilið er styttra. Aðildarríki, sem tilnefnt er á þessum grundvelli, getur ákveðið að afsala sér sæti sínu. Í því tilviki skal það aðildarríki senda bréf þess efnis til framkvæmdastjórans og gengur sætið til aðildarríkis sem næst er í röðinni samkvæmt þessari málsgrein; og

c. þau sæti, sem eftir eru af þeim sætum sem úthlutað er til hvers landfræðilegs svæðis, skulu skipuð af aðildarríkjum sem tilnefnd eru af öllum aðildarríkjum þess svæðis sín á milli samkvæmt útskiptingarreglu eða með kjöri.

30. Sérhver aðili að framkvæmdaráðinu hefur einn fulltrúa í því og má hann hafa í fylgd með sér varamenn og ráðgjafa.

31. Hver fulltrúi í framkvæmdaráðinu skal sitja í embætti frá lokum þess þingfundar þar sem hann var kjörinn til loka annars reglulegs ársfundar þingsins þar á eftir, að því undanskildu að í fyrsta kjöri til framkvæmdaráðsins skulu 26 fulltrúar kjörnir til að sitja í embætti til loka þriðja reglulegs ársfundar þingsins, að teknu tilhlýðilegu tilliti til þeirra tölulegu hlutfalla sem lýst er í 28. mgr.

32. Framkvæmdaráðið skal semja málsmeðferðarreglur sínar og leggja þær fyrir þingið til samþykktar.

33. Framkvæmdaráðið skal kjósa sér formann úr hópi fulltrúa í ráðinu.

34. Framkvæmdaráðið skal koma saman til reglulegra funda. Þess á milli skal það koma saman eins og þurfa þykir til að uppfylla skyldur sínar og hlutverk.

35. Hver fulltrúi í framkvæmdaráðinu skal hafa eitt atkvæði.

36. Framkvæmdaráðið skal taka ákvarðanir um mál er varða málsmeðferð með meiri hluta allra fulltrúa í því. Framkvæmdaráðið skal taka ákvarðanir um efnisatriði með tveimur þriðju hlutum allra fulltrúa í því nema annað sé sérstaklega tilgreint í samningi þessum. Þegar upp kemur ágreiningur hvort mál sé efnislegt eða ekki skal það mál meðhöndlað sem efnislegt málefni nema annað sé ákveðið af þeim meiri hluta sem tilskilinn er til að taka ákvarðanir um efnisatriði.

Valdheimildir og hlutverk.

37. Framkvæmdaráðið skal vera framkvæmdaaðili stofnunarinnar. Það skal bera ábyrgð gagnvart þinginu. Ráðið skal framkvæma þær skyldur og hlutverk sem því er falið samkvæmt samningi þessum. Í þeim efnum skal það starfa í samræmi við tilmæli, ákvarðanir og viðmiðunarreglur þingsins og tryggja stöðuga og rétta framkvæmd þeirra.

38. Framkvæmdaráðið skal:

a. stuðla að skilvirkri framkvæmd og framfylgd við samning þennan;

b. hafa eftirlit með starfsemi tækniskrifstofunnar;

c. setja fram tilmæli, eftir því sem nauðsyn krefur, til þingsins um umfjöllun um frekari tillögur til að stuðla að því markmiðum og tilgangi þessa samnings verði náð;

d. eiga samvinnu við umsjónarstjórnvald í hverju aðildarríki;

e. fjalla um og leggja fyrir þingið drög að árlegri áætlun og fjárlögum stofnunarinnar, drög að skýrslu stofnunarinnar um framkvæmd þessa samnings, skýrsluna um eigin starfsemi og aðrar þær skýrslur sem það telur nauðsynlegar eða þingið kann að óska eftir;

f. gera ráðstafanir fyrir fundi þingsins, þar með talið undirbúningur að drögum að dagskrá;

g. kanna tillögur um breytingar, í málum er lúta að stjórnun eða tæknilegum atriðum, á bókuninni eða viðaukunum við hana, í samræmi við 7. gr., og setja fram tilmæli til aðildarríkjanna um samþykkt þeirra;

h. að því tilskildu að samþykki þingsins liggi fyrir, ganga frá samningum eða fyrirkomulagi við aðildarríkin, önnur ríki og alþjóðastofnanir fyrir hönd stofnunarinnar og hafa umsjón með framkvæmd þeirra, að undanskildum samningum eða fyrirkomulagi sem vísað er til í i-lið;

i. samþykkja og hafa umsjón með framkvæmd samninga eða fyrirkomulags sem tengjast framkvæmd á eftirliti hjá aðildarríkjum og öðrum ríkjum; og

j. samþykkja sérhverjar nýjar starfsleiðbeiningar og sérhverjar breytingar á gildandi starfsleiðbeiningum sem tækniskrifstofan kann að leggja til.

39. Framkvæmdaráðið getur farið fram á sérstakan fund þingsins.

40. Framkvæmdaráðið skal:

a. greiða fyrir samvinnu meðal aðildarríkja og milli aðildarríkja og tækniskrifstofunnar, í tengslum við framkvæmd þessa samnings, með upplýsingaskiptum;

b. greiða fyrir samráði og skýringum milli aðildarríkja í samræmi við 4. gr.; og

c. veita viðtöku, kanna og bregðast við óskum og skýrslum um staðbundnar kannanir í samræmi við 4. gr.

41. Framkvæmdaráðið skal kanna hvert það mál sem aðildarríki vekur athygli á um hugsanlegt brot á samningi þessum og misnotkun á þeim réttindum sem samningur þessi veitir. Þegar það er gert skal framkvæmdaráðið hafa samráð við þau aðildarríki sem hlut eiga að máli og, eftir því sem þörf krefur, óska eftir því að aðildarríki grípi til aðgerða til að bæta úr ástandinu innan tiltekins tíma. Að svo miklu leyti sem framkvæmdaráðið telur frekari aðgerða þörf skal það m.a. grípa til einnar eða fleiri eftirtalinna aðgerða:

a. tilkynna öllum aðildarríkjum um málefnið;

b. vekja athygli þingsins á málefninu;

c. gera tilmæli til þingsins eða grípa til aðgerða, eftir því sem við á, til að bæta úr ástandinu og tryggja framfylgd í samræmi við 5. gr.

D. Tækniskrifstofan.

42. Tækniskrifstofan skal aðstoða aðildarríki við framkvæmd þessa samnings. Tækniskrifstofan skal aðstoða þingið og framkvæmdaráðið í að framfylgja hlutverkum sínum. Tækniskrifstofan skal framkvæma eftirlit og önnur verkefni sem því eru falin í samningnum sem og þau verk sem því eru falin af þinginu eða framkvæmdaráðinu í samræmi við samning þennan. Alþjóðlega gagnamiðstöðin skal vera óaðskiljanlegur hluti tækniskrifstofunnar.

43. Hlutverk tækniskrifstofunnar hvað varðar eftirlit með að samningi þessum sé framfylgt skal, í samræmi við 4. gr. og bókunina, meðal annars fela í sér:

a. að bera ábyrgð á umsjón og samræmingu á starfsemi alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfisins;

b. að starfrækja alþjóðlegu gagnamiðstöðina;

c. að taka reglulega á móti, vinna úr, greina og skýra frá gögnum frá alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfinu;

d. að sjá um tæknilega aðstoð og stuðning við uppsetningu og starfrækslu á eftirlitsstöðvum;

e. að aðstoða framkvæmdaráðið í að greiða fyrir samráði og skýringum meðal aðildarríkjanna;

f. að taka við beiðnum um staðbundið eftirlit og vinna úr þeim, aðstoða framkvæmdaráðið við athugun á slíkum beiðnum, standa að undirbúningi fyrir og sjá um tæknilegan stuðning á meðan staðbundið eftirlit fer fram og gefa skýrslu til framkvæmdaráðsins;

g. að gera samninga eða fyrirkomulag við aðildarríki, önnur ríki og alþjóðastofnanir og ganga frá, að því tilskildu að fyrir liggi samþykki framkvæmdaráðsins, öllum slíkum samningum eða fyrirkomulagi sem tengjast eftirlitsaðgerðum við aðildarríki eða önnur ríki; og

h. að aðstoða aðildarríkin fyrir milligöngu umsjónarstjórnvalda í hverju ríki, í öðrum málum er varða eftirlitsaðgerðir og falla undir samning þennan.

44. Tækniskrifstofan skal þróa og viðhalda, að gefnu samþykki framkvæmdaráðsins, starfsleiðbeiningum til að leiðbeina um starfssemi hinna ýmsu hluta eftirlitskerfisins í samræmi við 4. gr. og bókunina. Þessar leiðbeiningar skulu ekki vera óaðskiljanlegur hluti samnings þessa eða bókunarinnar og getur tækniskrifstofan breytt þeim með samþykki framkvæmdaráðsins. Tækniskrifstofan skal þegar tilkynna aðildarríkjunum um allar breytingar á starfsleiðbeiningunum.

45. Hlutverk tækniskrifstofunnar með tilliti til stjórnsýslu skal fela í sér:

a. að undirbúa og leggja fyrir framkvæmdaráðið drög að starfsáætlun og fjárhagsáætlun stofnunarinnar;

b. að undirbúa og leggja fyrir framkvæmdaráðið drög að skýrslu stofnunarinar um framkvæmd þessa samnings og aðrar þær skýrslur sem þingið eða framkvæmdaráðið kann að fara fram á;

c. að leggja þinginu, framkvæmdaráðinu og öðrum undirstofnunum til stjórnsýslu- og tækniaðstoð;

d. að afgreiða og taka við erindum fyrir hönd stofnunarinnar sem tengjast framkvæmd þessa samnings; og

e. að framfylgja stjórnsýslulegum skyldum sem tengjast samningum milli stofnunarinnar og annarra alþjóðastofnana.

46. Allar beiðnir og tilkynningar frá aðildarríkjunum til stofnunarinnar skulu sendar af umsjónarstjórnvöldum þeirra til framkvæmdastjórans. Beiðnir og tilkynningar skulu vera á einu hinna opinberu tungumála þessa samnings. Í svari skal framkvæmdastjórinn nota tungumál það sem hin innsenda beiðni eða tilkynning er rituð á.

47. Með hliðsjón af starfi tækniskrifstofunnar við að undirbúa og leggja fyrir framkvæmdaráðið drög að starfsáætlun og fjárhagsáætlun stofnunarinnar skal tækniskrifstofan ákveða og halda greinargóð reikningsskil yfir allan kostnað við hverja stöð sem stofnað hefur verið til sem hluti af alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfinu. Hliðstæð meðferð skal, í drögum að starfsáætlun og fjárhagáætlun, viðhöfð í allri annarri starfsemi stofnunarinnar.

48. Tækniskrifstofan skal tafarlaust upplýsa framkvæmdaráðið um öll vandamál sem komið hafa upp í sambandi við að framfylgja hlutverki sínu, sem athygli hennar hefur verið vakin á í störfum sínum og sem henni hefur ekki tekist að leysa í samráði við viðkomandi aðildarríki.

49. Tækniskrifstofan skal samanstanda af framkvæmdastjóra, sem skal vera yfirmaður hennar og aðalstjórnandi, og vísindalegu, tæknilegu og öðru starfsliði sem þörf er á. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal skipaður af þinginu samkvæmt tilmælum framkvæmdaráðsins til fjögurra ára í senn sem framlengja má einu sinni en ekki oftar. Fyrsti framkvæmdastjórinn skal skipaður af þinginu á fyrsta fundi hennar samkvæmt tilmælum undirbúningsnefndarinnar.

50. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal vera ábyrgur gagnvart þinginu og framkvæmdaráðinu varðandi skipan starfsliðsins og skipulagningu og starfsemi tækniskrifstofunnar. Það sem mestu máli skiptir við ráðningu starfsliðsins og við ákvörðun starfsskilyrða skal vera nauðsyn á að tryggja ítrustu kröfur um faglega sérþekkingu, reynslu, skilvirkni, hæfni og heiðarleika. Aðeins ríkisborgarar aðildarríkjanna skulu sinna starfi framkvæmdastjóra, eftirlitsmanna eða vera í starfsliði fagfólks og aðstoðarfólks. Leggja skal áherslu á mikilvægi þess að ráða starfsmenn frá eins mörgum landfræðilegum svæðum og mögulegt er. Ráðningar skulu fara eftir þeirri reglu að starfsmenn skulu ekki vera fleiri en nauðsynlegt er fyrir störf tækniskrifstofunnar.

51. Framkvæmdastjórinn getur, eftir því sem við á, að höfðu samráði við framkvæmdaráðið, sett á fót tímabundna vinnuhópa vísindamanna til að setja fram tilmæli um ákveðin mál.

52. Í skyldustörfum sínum er framkvæmdastjóranum, eftirlitsmönnum, aðstoðarmönnum við eftirlit, og starfsmönnum óheimilt að leita eftir eða taka við fyrirmælum frá ríkisstjórnum eða öðrum aðilum sem standa utan við stofnunina. Þeir skulu forðast hvers konar aðgerðir sem gætu varpað skugga á stöðu þeirra sem alþjóðlegir starfsmenn sem einungis eru ábyrgir gagnvart stofnuninni. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal bera ábyrgð á starfsemi eftirlitsmannahóps.

53. Hvert aðildarríki skal virða það að hlutverk framkvæmdastjóra, eftirlitsmanna, aðstoðarmanna þeirra og starfsmanna er eingöngu alþjóðlegt í eðli sínu, og skal ekki leitast við að hafa áhrif á framkvæmd starfa þeirra.

E. Sérréttindi og friðhelgi.

54. Stofnunin skal njóta, á yfirráðasvæði og á hverjum öðrum stað sem er undir lögsögu eða stjórn aðildarríkis, þeirrar réttarstöðu, þeirra sérréttinda og þeirrar friðhelgi sem nauðsynleg eru fyrir starfsemi hennar.

55. Sendifulltrúar aðildarríkja, ásamt varamönnum og ráðgjöfum þeirra, kjörnir fulltrúar í framkvæmdaráðinu, ásamt varamönnum og ráðgjöfum þeirra, framkvæmdastjórinn, eftirlitsmenn, aðstoðarmenn eftirlitsmanna og starfslið stofnunarinnar skulu njóta þeirra sérréttinda og þeirrar friðhelgi sem nauðsynleg eru til að rækja á sjálfstæðan hátt störf sín sem tengd eru stofnuninni.

56. Þá réttarstöðu, þau sérréttindi og þá friðhelgi, sem vísað er til í þessari grein, skal skilgreina í samningum milli stofnunarinnar og aðildarríkja, svo og í samningi milli stofnunarinnar og þess ríkis þar sem hún hefur aðsetur. Slíka samninga skal fjalla um og samþykkja í samræmi við h- og i-lið 26. mgr.

57. Þrátt fyrir 54. og 55. mgr. skulu, meðan á eftirliti stendur, sérréttindi og friðhelgi framkvæmdastjórans, eftirlitsmanna, aðstoðarmanna eftirlitsmanna, og starfsmanna tækniskrifstofunnar vera þau sem sett eru fram í bókuninni.

3. gr.

Framkvæmdarráðstafanir innanlands.

1. Hvert aðildarríki skal, í samræmi við stjórnskipulega meðferð sína, gera þær ráðstafanir sem nauðsynlegar eru til að framfylgja sínum skuldbindingum samkvæmt þessum samningi. Það skal einkum gera þær ráðstafanir sem nauðsynlegar eru:

a. til að banna einstaklingum og lögaðilum, hvar sem er á yfirráðasvæði sínu eða á öðrum stað sem er undir lögsögu þess samkvæmt þjóðarétti, að viðhafa hvers kyns starfsemi sem aðildarríki er bönnuð samkvæmt samningi þessum;

b. til að banna einstaklingum og lögaðilum að viðhafa hvers kyns slíka starfsemi hvar sem er á yfirráðasvæði sínu; og

c. til að banna, í samræmi við þjóðarétt, einstaklingum sem eru ríkisborgarar þess að viðhafa slíka starfsemi hvar sem er.

2. Hvert aðildarríki skal hafa samvinnu við önnur aðildarríki og veita viðeigandi lögfræðilega aðstoð til að stuðla að framkvæmd skuldbindinga samkvæmt 1. mgr.

3. Hvert aðildarríki skal upplýsa stofnunina um ráðstafanir sem gerðar eru samkvæmt þessari grein.

4. Til þess að uppfylla skuldbindingar sínar samkvæmt samningnum skal hvert aðildarríki tilnefna eða setja á stofn umsjónarstjórnvald og skal upplýsa stofnunina þar um við gildistöku samningsins að því er aðildarríkið varðar. Umsjónarstjórnvaldið skal starfa sem miðstöð fyrir tengsl við stofnunina og önnur aðildarríki.

4. gr.

Eftirlit.

A. Almenn ákvæði.

1. Til að sannreyna framfylgd við samninginn skal komið á eftirlitskerfi og skal það samanstanda af eftirfarandi þáttum:

a. alþjóðlegu eftirlitskerfi;

b. samráði og skýringum;

c. staðbundnu eftirliti; og

d. traustvekjandi aðgerðum.

Við gildistöku samningsins skal eftirlitskerfið vera fært um að standast kröfur þessa samnings um eftirlit.

2. Eftirlitsstarfsemi skal byggja á hlutlausum upplýsingum, skal takmarkast við efni þessa samnings, og skal framfylgt með fullri virðingu fyrir fullveldi aðildarríkja og þannig að valdi sem minnstri truflun og samræmist skilvirkum og tímanlegum lyktum hennar. Hvert aðildarríki skal forðast hverskyns misbeitingu á rétti til eftirlits.

3. Hvert aðildarríki tekur að sér í samræmi við þennan samning að vinna, í gegnum umsjónarstjórnvald það, sem sett er á fót samkvæmt 4. mgr. 3. gr., með stofnuninni og öðrum aðildarríkjum til að auðvelda eftirlit með því að staðið sé við samninginn með því m.a. að:

a. setja upp nauðsynlega aðstöðu til að taka þátt í eftirlitsaðgerðum og koma á nauðsynlegum boðskiptum;

b. láta í té upplýsingar frá stöðvum sem eru hluti af alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfinu;

c. taka þátt í samráði og skýringum, eftir því sem við á;

d. leyfa staðbundið eftirlit; og

e. taka þátt í traustvekjandi aðgerðum, eftir því sem við á.

4. Öll aðildarríki, án tillits til tæknilegrar og efnahagslegrar getu, skulu njóta sama réttar til eftirlits og taka á sig sömu skyldu til að gangast undir eftirlit.

5. Að því er þennan samning varðar skal ekkert aðildarríki útilokað frá því að nota upplýsingar sem aflað hefur verið með eigin eftirlitskerfum með þeim hætti sem samræmist almennt viðurkenndum grundvallarreglum þjóðaréttar, að meðtaldri virðingu fyrir fullveldi ríkja.

6. Með fyrirvara um rétt aðildarríkja til að vernda viðkvæman búnað, starfsemi eða staði, sem ekki eru tengdir þessum samningi, skulu aðildarríki ekki skipta sér af neinum þáttum eftirlitskerfis þessa samnings eða innlendum tækniaðferðum við eftirlit sem fer fram í samræmi við 5. mgr.

7. Hvert aðildarríki skal eiga rétt á að gera ráðstafanir til að vernda viðkvæman búnað og til að fyrirbyggja uppljóstrun trúnaðarupplýsinga og -gagna sem ekki eru tengd samningnum.

8. Enn fremur skal gera allar þær ráðstafanir sem nauðsynlegar eru til að vernda trúnað hvað varðar upplýsingar tengdar borgaralegum og hernaðarlegum athöfnum og aðstöðu sem fengin er við eftirlitsstarfsemi.

9. Með fyrirvara um 8. mgr. skulu upplýsingar, sem aflað er af stofnuninni með eftirlitskerfinu sem komið er á með samningnum, vera tiltækar öllum aðildarríkjum í samræmi við þar til bær ákvæði samningsins og bókunarinnar.

10. Ákvæði samningsins skulu ekki túlkuð að þann hátt að þau takmarki alþjóðleg upplýsingaskipti í þágu vísinda.

11. Hvert aðildarríki skuldbindur sig til að eiga samvinnu við stofnunina og við önnur aðildarríki til að bæta eftirlitskerfið og kanna kosti annarrar eftirlitstækni svo sem rafsegulsviðs púls vaktbúnað eða gervihnattarvaktbúnað, með það fyrir augum að þróa, eftir því sem við á, sérstakar aðgerðir til að auka skilvirkt og hagkvæmt eftirlit með framkvæmd samningsins. Slíkar aðgerðir skulu, þegar þær eru samþykktar, felldar inn í gildandi ákvæði samningsins eða bókunarinnar eða sem aukakaflar við bókunina, í samræmi við 7. gr., eða, eftir því sem við á, endurspeglast í starfsleiðbeiningum í samræmi við 44. mgr. 2. gr.

12. Aðildarríki skuldbinda sig til að stuðla að samvinnu sín á milli til að auðvelda og taka þátt í eins miklum skiptum og mögulegt er hvað varðar tækni sem notuð er við eftirlit með framkvæmd samningsins til að gera öllum aðildarríkjum kleift að styrkja framkvæmd eigin eftirlitsaðgerða og til að hafa gagn af notkun slíkrar tækni í friðsamlegum tilgangi.

13. Ákvæði þessa samnings skulu framkvæmd á þann hátt að komist verði hjá því að hamla efnahags- og tækniþóun aðildarríkja sem nýtist til frekari þróunar kjarnorku til notkunar í friðsamlegum tilgangi.

Ábyrgð tækniskrifstofunnar hvað varðar eftirlit.

14. Við framkvæmd skyldustarfa innan eftirlitssvæðisins, sem tilgreint er í þessum samningi og bókuninni, skal tækniskrifstofan, í samvinnu við aðildarríki, að því er þennan samning varðar:

a. gera ráðstafanir til að taka við og dreifa gögnum og skýrslum sem máli skipta hvað varðar eftirlit með framkvæmd þessa samnings í samræmi við ákvæði hans og halda uppi alþjóðlegu boðskiptakerfi sem dugar til að leysa verkið af hendi;

b. á reglubundinn hátt, í gegnum alþjóðlegu gagnamiðstöðina, sem í grundvallaratriðum skal vera miðpunktur tækniskrifstofunnar að því er varðar varðveislu og vinnslu gagna:

a. veita viðtöku og óska eftir gögnum frá alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfinu;

b. taka við gögnum, eftir því sem við á, sem eru árangur samráðs og útskýringa, staðbundins eftirlits og traustvekjandi aðgerða; og

c. taka við öðrum gögnum sem máli skipta frá aðildarríkjum og alþjóðastofnunum í samræmi við samninginn og bókunina;

c. hafa umsjón með, samræma og tryggja starfrækslu alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfisins og þeirra þátta sem mynda kerfið, svo og alþjóðlegu gagnamiðstöðvarinnar, í samræmi við þær starfsleiðbeiningar sem við eiga;

d. vinna reglulega úr, greina og gefa skýrslur um gögn alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfisins með þeim hætti sem málsmeðferðarreglur segja til um, í þeim tilgangi að gefa færi á árangursríku alþjóðaeftirliti með framkvæmd samningsins og stuðla að skjótri lausn á vandamálum varðandi framfylgd hans;

e. veita öllum aðildarríkjum aðgang að öllum gögnum, bæði óunnum og unnum, og hvers konar skýrslum og skal sérhvert aðildarríki taka ábyrgð á notkun gagna alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfisins í samræmi við 7. mgr. 2. gr. og 8. og 13. mgr. þessarar greinar;

f. veita öllum aðildarríkjum jafnan, opinn, hentugan og skjótan aðgang að öllum varðveittum gögnum;

g. varðveita öll gögn, bæði óunnin og unnin, og skýrslur;

h. samræma og greiða fyriróskum varðandi frekari gögn frá alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfinu;

i. samræma óskir um frekari gögn frá einu aðildarríki til annars;

j. veita tæknilega aðstoð og stuðning við uppsetningu og starfrækslu eftirlitsstöðva og fjarskipta þeirra, í þeim tilvikum sem beðið er um slíka aðstoð eða stuðning af viðkomandi ríki;

k. veita hverju aðildarríki aðgang, að ósk þess, að þeirri tækni sem notuð er af tækniskrifstofunni og alþjóðlegu gagnamiðstöðinni til að safna saman, varðveita, vinna úr, greina og upplýsa um gögn frá alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfinu; og

l. hafa eftirlit með, meta og greina frá almennri frammistöðu alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfisins og alþjóðlegu gagnamiðstöðvarinnar.

15. Þeim málsmeðferðarreglum, sem samþykktar hafa verið til notkunar af hálfu tækniskrifstofunnar við framkvæmd á eftirlitsskyldum þeim sem vísað er til í 14. mgr. og nánar er lýst í bókuninni, skulu gerð ítarleg skil í starfsleiðbeiningum.

B. Alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfið.

16. Alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfið skal samanstanda af aðstöðu til jarðskjálftaeftirlits, eftirlits með geislavirkni þ.m.t. viðurkenndum rannsóknarstofnunum, eftirlits í vatni, eftirlits með lágtíðnihljóðbylgjum og tilheyrandi fjarskiptabúnaði og skal stutt af hinni alþjóðlegu gagnamiðstöð tækniskrifstofunnar.

17. Alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfið skal sett undir stjórn tækniskrifstofunnar. Allar eftirlitsstöðvar alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfisins skulu vera í eigu og starfræktar af þeim ríkjum þar sem þær eru staðsettar eða sem bera að öðru leyti ábyrgð á þeim samkvæmt bókuninni.

18. Hverju aðildarríki skal áskilinn réttur til að taka þátt í alþjóðlegum skiptum á gögnum og aðgangur að öllum gögnum sem alþjóðlegu gagnamiðstöðinni er veittur aðgangur að. Hvert aðildarríki skal hafa samvinnu við alþjóðlegu gagnamiðstöðina í gegnum sitt umsjónarstjórnvald.

Fjármögnun alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfisins.

19. Varðandi stöðvar sem tilheyra alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfinu og sem tilgreindar eru í töflum 1-A, 2-A, 3 og 4 í 1. viðauka við bókunina og starfrækslu þeirra, svo framarlega sem viðkomandi ríki og stofnunin samþykki að slíkar stöðvar veiti alþjóðlegu gagnamiðstöðinni gögn í samræmi við tæknileg skilyrði sem sett eru fram í bókuninni og þeim starfsleiðbeiningum sem við eiga, skal stofnunin svo sem skilgreint er í samningum eða fyrirkomulagi samkvæmt 4. mgr. 1. hluta bókunarinnar kosta:

a. uppsetningu nýrra stöðva og uppfærslu þeirra sem fyrir eru nema ríkið sem ábyrgt er fyrir slíkum stöðvum taki sjálft á sig þennan kostnað;

b. starfrækslu og viðhald stöðva alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfisins, þ.á m. öryggi stöðva ef það á við, og beitingu málsmeðferðarreglna sem samþykktar hafa verið til að sannreyna gögn;

c. að senda gögn alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfisins (óunnin eða unnin) til alþjóðlegu gagnamiðstöðvarinnar á eins greiðan og hagkvæman hátt og kostur er á, þ.á m., ef nauðsynlegt er, með þar til gerðum fjarskiptastöðvum, frá eftirlitsstöðvum, rannsóknarstofum, greiningarstöðvum, eða gagnamiðstöðvum ríkja; eða slík gögn (þ.á m. sýnishorn, ef það á við) til rannsóknarstofa og greiningarstöðva frá eftirlitsstöðvum; og

d. að greina sýnishorn á vegum stofnunarinnar.

20. Varðandi jarðskjálftastöðvar varakerfisins sem tilgreindar eru í töflu 1-B í 1. viðauka við bókunina skal stofnunin, svo sem tilgreint er í samningum eða fyrirkomulagi samkvæmt 4. mgr. 1. gr. bókunarinnar, einungis kosta:

a. sendingu gagna til alþjóðlegu gagnamiðstöðvarinnar;

b. staðfestingu upplýsinga frá slíkum stöðvum;

c. uppfærslu stöðva til að mæta nauðsynlegum tæknilegum stöðlum nema það ríki sem ábyrgt er fyrir slíkum stöðvum taki sjálft á sig kostnaðinn; og

d. ef nauðsyn krefur, að setja á fót nýjar stöðvar til að uppfylla samninginn þar sem viðeigandi aðstaða er ekki fyrir hendi, nema ríkið sem ábyrgt er fyrir slíkri aðstöðu taki sjálft á sig kostnaðinn; og

e. hvers kyns frekari kostnað vegna öflunar gagna sem stofnunin þarf á að halda, svo sem tilgreint er í viðkomandi starfsleiðbeiningum.

21. Stofnunin skal einnig kosta miðlun til hvers aðildarríkis á umbeðnu vali, úr stöðluðu úrvali af skýrslum og þjónustu frá alþjóðlegu gagnamiðstöðinni, svo sem tilgreint er í kafla F í 1. hluta bókunarinnar. Kostnaður við undirbúning og miðlun á hverskyns viðbótargögnum eða -skýrslum skal greiddur af aðildarríki því sem biður um það.

22. Samningar eða, ef viðá, fyrirkomulag, sem gert er við aðildarríki eða ríki sem hýsa eða taka á annan hátt ábyrgð á stöðvum alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfisins, skal fela í sér ákvæði til að mæta þessum kostnaði. Slík ákvæði geta innihaldið leiðir þar sem aðildarríki greiðir kostnað sem vísað er til í a-lið 19. mgr. og c- og d-lið 20. gr. fyrir stöðvar sem það hýsir eða sem það er ábyrgt fyrir og fær á móti tilsvarandi niðurskurð á metnu fjárframlagi til stofnunarinnar. Slík lækkun skal ekki vera meiri en 50% af árlegu metnu fjárframlagi aðildarríkis, en má dreifast yfir nokkur ár í röð. Aðildarríki má deila slíkri lækkun með öðru aðildarríki með samningi eða fyrirkomulagi þeirra á milli og með samþykki framkvæmdaráðsins. Samninga eða fyrirkomulag, sem vísað er til í þessari málsgrein, skal samþykkja í samræmi við h-lið 26. mgr. og i-lið 38. mgr. 2. gr.

Breytingar á alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfinu.

23. Hvers konar ráðstafanir sem vísað er til í 11. mgr. og varða alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfið með því að bæta við eða hætta notkun eftirlitstækni skulu, þegar þær eru samþykktar, felldar inn í þennan samning og bókunina í samræmi við 1.–6. mgr. 7. gr.

24. Eftirfarandi breytingar á alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfinu, svo framarlega sem þær eru samþykktar af þeim ríkjum sem þær varða beint, skulu metnar sem stjórnsýslulegs eða tæknilegs eðlis í samræmi við 7. og 8. mgr. 7. gr.:

a. breytingar á fjölda stöðva sem tilgreindar eru í bókuninni fyrir ákveðna eftirlitstækni; og

b. breytingar á öðrum atriðum í sambandi við einstakar stöðvar svo sem kemur fram í töflum í 1. viðauka við bókunina (þ.á m. ríki sem ábyrgt er fyrir stöðinni; staðsetning; nafn stöðvar; gerð stöðvar; og eiginleikar stöðvar á milli aðal- og varajarðskjálftamælingakerfa).

Ef framkvæmdaráðið mælir með því, í samræmi við d-lið 8. mgr. 7. gr., að taka upp slíkar breytingar skal það einnig almennt, í samræmi við g-lið 8. mgr. 7. gr., mæla með því að slíkar breytingar taki gildi um leið og framkvæmdastjórinn tilkynnir um samþykkt þeirra.

25. Þegar framkvæmdastjórinn leggur fyrir framkvæmdaráðið og aðildarríki upplýsingar og mat í samræmi við b-lið 8. mgr. 7. gr. skal hann, þegar um er að ræða tillögu samkvæmt 24. mgr., leggja fram:

a. tæknilegt mat á tillögunni;

b. yfirlýsingu um stjórnsýsluleg og fjárhagsleg áhrif tillögunnar; og

c. skýrslu um samráð við ríki sem yrðu fyrir beinum áhrifum af tillögunni, þ.á m. vísbendingu um samþykki þeirra.

Tímabundnar ráðstafanir.

26. Ef um þýðingarmiklar eða óbætanlegar bilanir er að ræða í eftirlitsstöð sem tilgreind er í töflum í 1. viðauka við bókunina, eða til að bæta fyrir annars konar tímabundnar skerðingar á eftirliti, skal framkvæmdastjórinn, með samráði og samþykki þeirra ríkja sem eiga beinlínis í hlut og með samþykki framkvæmdaráðsins, eiga frumkvæði að ráðstöfunum sem vara ekki lengur en eitt ár, sem endurnýja má um eitt ár ef nauðsyn krefur með samþykki framkvæmdaráðsins og þeirra ríkja sem eiga beinlínis í hlut. Slíkar ráðstafanir skulu ekki valda því að fjöldi virkra stöðva alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfisins verði hærri en sá fjöldi sem kveðið er á um fyrir viðkomandi kerfi; skulu standast eins fljótt og kostur er tæknilegar og rekstrarlegar kröfur sem tilteknar eru í starfsleiðbeiningum fyrir viðkomandi kerfi; og skulu vera innan fjárhagsáætlunar stofnunarinnar. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal einnig gera ráðstafanir til að bæta úr ástandinu og setja fram tillögur um varanlega lausn málsins. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal gera öllum aðildarríkjum grein fyrir hverskyns ákvörðun sem tekin er samkvæmt þessari málsgrein.

Samstarfsstöðvar.

27. Aðildarríki mega einnig, hvert í sínu lagi, ganga frá samstarfsfyrirkomulagi við stofnunina til að veita alþjóðlegu gagnamiðstöðinni viðbótarupplýsingar frá eftirlitsstöðvum einstakra ríkja sem eru ekki formlega hluti af hinu alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfi.

28. Koma má slíku samstarfsfyrirkomulagi á með eftirfarandi hætti:

a. samkvæmt beiðni aðildarríkis og á kostnað þess skal tækniskrifstofan gera nauðsynlegar ráðstafanir til að votta að ákveðin eftirlitsstöð standist þær tæknilegu og starfslegu kröfur sem tilgreindar eru í viðkomandi starfsleiðbeiningum fyrir stöð í alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfinu og gera ráðstafanir til að staðfesta gögn frá henni. Að gefnu samþykki framkvæmdaráðsins skal tækniskrifstofan formlega tilnefna slíka stöð sem samstarfsstöð. Tækniskrifstofan skal gera nauðsynlegar ráðstafanir til að endurnýja vottun sína eins og við á;

b. tækniskrifstofan skal halda við gildandi lista yfir samstarfsstöðvar og dreifa honum til allra aðildarríkja; og

c. alþjóðlega gagnamiðstöðin skal óska eftir upplýsingum frá samstarfsstöðvum, sé þess óskað af aðildarríki, í þeim tilgangi að auðvelda samráð og skýringar og athugun óska um staðbundið eftirlit, en kostnað við miðlun upplýsinga ber viðkomandi aðildarríki.

Þau skilyrði, sem gilda um veitingu viðbótarupplýsinga frá slíkum stöðvum og um óskir alþjóðlegu gagnamiðstöðvarinnar um frekari eða hraðari upplýsingar eða skýringar, skulu skýrð nákvæmlega í starfsleiðbeiningum fyrir það eftirlitskerfi sem í hlut á.

C. Samráð og skýringar.

29. Án þess að fyrirgera rétti nokkurs aðildarríkis til að óska eftir staðbundnu eftirliti ættu aðildarríki, eins og kostur er, fyrst að reyna til hlítar að skýra og leysa, sín á milli, með eða fyrir milligöngu stofnunarinnar, hvert það mál sem valdið getur áhyggjum um að ekki sé staðið við grundvallarskuldbindingar samkvæmt þessum samningi.

30. Aðildarríki, sem fær beiðni samkvæmt 29. mgr. beint frá öðru aðildarríki, skal leggja fram skýringu til ríkisins sem leggur fram beiðnina svo fljótt sem auðið er, en hvað sem öðru líður eigi síðar en 48 klukkustundum eftir að beiðnin berst. Hlutaðeigandi aðildarríki geta látið framkvæmdaráðið og framkvæmdastjórann vita um beiðnina og svarið.

31. Aðildarríki skal hafa rétt til að fara fram á að framkvæmdastjórinn aðstoði við að skýra hvert það mál sem valdið getur áhyggjum um að ekki sé staðið við grundvallarskuldbindingar samkvæmt þessum samningi. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal leggja til viðeigandi upplýsingar úr vörslu tækniskrifstofunnar sem máli skipta varðandi slíkar áhyggjur. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal upplýsa framkvæmdaráðið um beiðnina og þær upplýsingar sem veittar eru í svari við henni, sé þess óskað af því aðildarríki sem setur fram beiðnina.

32. Aðildarríki skal hafa rétt til þess að fara fram á það við framkvæmdaráðið að það fái skýringar frá öðru aðildarríki um hvert það mál sem mögulega getur valdið áhyggjum um að ekki sé staðið við grundvallarskuldbindingar samkvæmt þessum samningi. Í því tilviki skal eftirfarandi eiga við:

a. framkvæmdaráðið skal koma beiðninni um skýringar til hlutaðeigandi aðildarríkis fyrir milligöngu framkvæmdastjórans eigi síðar en 24 klukkustundum eftir móttöku hennar;

b. aðildarríkið sem beiðninni er beint til skal gefa framkvæmdaráðinu skýringu svo fljótt sem auðið er, en hvað sem öðru líður eigi síðar en 48 klukkustundum eftir móttöku beiðninnar;

c. framkvæmdaráðið skal kynna sér skýringuna og senda hana áfram til beiðanda eigi síðar en 24 klukkustundum eftir móttöku hennar;

d. ef aðildarríkið sem leggur fram beiðnina telur skýringuna ófullnægjandi skal það hafa rétt til að biðja framkvæmdaráðið um frekari skýringu frá aðildarríkinu sem beiðninni er beint til.

Framkvæmdaráðið skal tafarlaust upplýsa öll önnur aðildarríki um sérhverja beiðni um skýringu samkvæmt þessari málsgrein sem og öll svör sem aðildarríkið sem beðið hefur verið skýringa leggur fram.

33. Ef aðildarríkið, sem beðið hefur skýringa, telur skýringuna sem gefin er samkvæmt d-lið 32. mgr. ófullnægjandi skal það hafa rétt til að krefjast fundar framkvæmdaráðsins þar sem aðildarríki sem hlut eiga að máli og ekki eru meðlimir í framkvæmdaráðinu eiga rétt til þátttöku. Á slíkum fundi skal framkvæmdaráðið fjalla um málið og getur mælt með hvaða ráðstöfunum sem er í samræmi við 5. gr.

D. Staðbundið eftirlit.

Beiðni um staðbundið eftirlit.

34. Hvert aðildarríki hefur rétt til að óska eftir staðbundnu eftirliti samkvæmt ákvæðum þessarar greinar og II. hluta bókunarinnar á yfirráðasvæði eða á sérhverjum öðrum stað undir lögsögu eða stjórn sérhvers aðildarríkis eða á sérhverju svæði utan lögsögu eða stjórn ríkja.

35. Eini tilgangur staðbundins eftirlits skal vera að upplýsa hvort tilraunasprenging með kjarnavopn eða nokkur önnur kjarnasprenging hafi verið framkvæmd í bága við 1. gr. og, að svo miklu leyti sem unnt er, að safna saman upplýsingum um hvers kyns staðreyndir sem gætu aðstoðað við að bera kennsl á aðila sem hugsanlega hefur brotið samninginn.

36. Aðildarríkið sem leggur fram beiðni skal bundið af því að halda beiðninni um staðbundið eftirlit innan ramma þessa samnings og leggja í beiðninni fram upplýsingar í samræmi við 37. mgr. Aðildarríkið sem leggur fram beiðnina skal forðast óígrundaða eða rangláta beiðni um eftirlit.

37. Beiðnin um staðbundið eftirlit skal grundvölluð á upplýsingum sem safnað hefur verið af alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfinu, á hvers kyns tæknilegum upplýsingun sem máli skipta og aflað hefur verið með eigin eftirlitskerfum í samræmi við almennt viðurkenndar reglur þjóðaréttar, eða samblandi þessara upplýsinga. Beiðnin skal innihalda upplýsingar í samræmi við 41. mgr. II. hluta bókunarinnar.

38. Aðildarríkið sem leggur fram beiðni um staðbundið eftirlit skal koma beiðninni á framfæri við framkvæmdaráðið og um leið við framkvæmdastjórann til að hinn síðarnefndi geti tafarlaust hafið úrvinnslu beiðninnar.

Framhaldsaðgerðir í kjölfar afhendingar beiðni um staðbundið eftirlit.

39. Framkvæmdaráðið skal hefja umfjöllun sína þegar við móttöku beiðninnar um staðbundið eftirlit.

40. Eftir móttöku beiðninnar um staðbundið eftirlit skal framkvæmdastjórinn staðfesta móttöku beiðninnar við aðildarríkið sem leggur hana fram innan tveggja klukkustunda og koma beiðninni á framfæri við aðildarríkið, sem farið er fram á að sæti eftirliti, innan sex klukkustunda. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal fullvissa sig um að beiðnin fullnægi kröfum sem tilgreindar eru í 41. mgr. II. hluta bókunarinnar og, ef nauðsyn krefur, aðstoða aðildarríkið sem leggur fram beiðnina við að leggja hana fram samkvæmt þeim og skal hann koma beiðninni á framfæri við framkvæmdaráðið og öll önnur aðildarríki innan 24 klukkustunda.

41. Þegar beiðnin um staðbundið eftirlit fullnægir kröfunum skal tækniskrifstofan tafarlaust hefja undirbúning staðbundins eftirlits.

42. Þegar framkvæmdastjórinn hefur móttekið beiðni um staðbundið eftirlit, sem vísar til eftirlitssvæðis sem er undir lögsögu eða stjórn aðildarríkis, skal hann þegar í stað leita eftir skýringu frá aðildarríkinu, sem farið er fram á að sæti eftirliti, í þeim tilgangi að skýra og leysa þann vanda sem lýst er í beiðninni.

43. Aðildarríki, sem móttekur beiðni um skýringu í samræmi við42. mgr., skal veita framkvæmdastjóranum skýringar og aðrar fáanlegar upplýsingar sem máli skipta eins fljótt og kostur er, en eigi síðar en 72 klukkustundum eftir móttöku beiðninnar um skýringu.

44. Áður en framkvæmdaráðið tekur ákvörðun um beiðnina um staðbundið eftirlit skal framkvæmdastjórinn tafarlaust koma á framfæri við framkvæmdaráðið öllum fáanlegum viðbótarupplýsingum frá alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfinu eða frá einhverju aðildarríki um atvikið sem tilgreint er í beiðninni, þar á meðal öllum skýringum sem gefnar eru í samræmi við 42. og 43. mgr., sem og öllum öðrum upplýsingum frá tækniskrifstofunni sem framkvæmdastjórinn telur skipta máli eða sem framkvæmdaráðið fer fram á.

45. Framkvæmdaráðið skal taka ákvörðun um beiðnina um staðbundið eftirlit samkvæmt 46. mgr., nema aðildarríkið sem leggur hana fram telji að áhyggjur þær, sem lýst er í beiðninni, séu leystar og dragi hana tilbaka.

Ákvarðanir framkvæmdaráðsins.

46. Framkvæmdaráðið skal taka ákvörðun um beiðnina um staðbundið eftirlit eigi síðar en 96 klukkustundum eftir að hafa tekið við henni frá aðildarríkinu sem leggur hana fram. Ákvörðun um að samþykkja beiðnina um staðbundið eftirlit skal tekin með að minnsta kosti 30 meðatkvæðum meðlima framkvæmdaráðsins. Ef framkvæmdaráðið fellst ekki á eftirlitið skal undirbúningi hætt og engar frekari aðgerðir varðandi beiðnina teknar.

47. Eigi síðar en 25 dögum eftir að staðbundið eftirlit hefur verið samþykkt samkvæmt 46. mgr. skal eftirlitshópurinn, fyrir milligöngu framkvæmdastjórans, leggja fyrir framkvæmdaráðið skýrslu um árangur af eftirlitinu. Framhald eftirlitsins skal teljast samþykkt nema meiri hluti allra meðlima framkvæmdaráðsins ákveði, eigi síðar en 72 klukkustundum eftir móttöku skýrslunnar um árangur af eftirliti, að hætta eftirlitinu. Ef framkvæmdaráðið ákveður að hætta eftirlitinu skal því lokið og eftirlitshópurinn skal yfirgefa eftirlitssvæðið og yfirráðasvæði aðildarríkisins sem eftirlitinu sætti eins fljótt og kostur er, í samræmi við 109. og 100. mgr. II. hluta bókunarinnar.

48. Á meðan staðbundið eftirlit fer fram getur eftirlitshópurinn lagt fyrir framkvæmdaráðið, fyrir milligöngu framkvæmdastjórans, beiðni um að framkvæma boranir. Framkvæmdaráðið skal taka ákvörðun um slíka beiðni eigi síðar en 72 klukkustundum eftir móttöku beiðninnar. Ákvörðunin um að samþykkja boranir skal tekin af meiri hluta allra meðlima framkvæmdaráðsins.

49. Eftirlitshópurinn getur farið þess á leit á við framkvæmdaráðið, fyrir milligöngu framkvæmdastjórans, að það framlengi eftirlitstímann í allt að 70 daga fram yfir það 60 daga tímabil sem tilgreint er í 4. mgr. II. hluta bókunarinnar, ef eftirlitshópurinn álítur slíka framlengingu nauðsynlega til að gera honum kleift að framfylgja erindisbréfi sínu. Eftirlitshópurinn skal í beiðni sinni benda á hvaða starfsemi og aðferðir, sem taldar eru upp í 69. mgr. II. hluta bókunarinnar, hann hyggst framkvæma á framlengingartímanum. Framkvæmdaráðið skal taka ákvörðun um beiðnina um framlengingu eigi síðar en 72 klukkustundum eftir móttöku hennar. Ákvörðunin um að samþykkja framlengingu á eftirlitstímanum skal tekin af meiri hluta allra meðlima framkvæmdaráðsins.

50. Eftirlitshópnum er heimilt, hvenær sem er í kjölfar samþykktar um framhald á staðbundnu eftirliti í samræmi við 47. mgr., að leggja fyrir framkvæmdaráðið, fyrir milligöngu framkvæmdastjórans, tillögu um stöðvun eftirlitsins. Slík tillaga skal talin samþykkt nema framkvæmdaráðið ákveði, eigi síðar en 72 klukkustundum eftir að það tekur við tillögunni, með 2/3 hluta allra meðlima að samþykkja ekki stöðvun eftirlits. Sé eftirlit stöðvað skal eftirlitshópurinn yfirgefa eftirlitssvæðið og yfirráðasvæði þess aðildarríkis sem eftirlit er haft með eins fljótt og unnt er, í samræmi við 109. og 110. mgr. II. hluta bókunarinnar.

51. Aðildarríkinu sem leggur fram beiðni um eftirlit og aðildarríkinu sem óskað er að sæti eftirliti er heimilt að taka þátt í umræðu í framkvæmdaráðinu varðandi beiðni um staðbundið eftirlit án þess þó að greiða atkvæði. Sömu ríki mega einnig taka þátt í allri frekari umræðu í framkvæmdaráðinu um eftirlitið án þess að greiða atkvæði.

52. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal, innan 24 klukkustunda, gera öllum aðildarríkjum grein fyrir hvers konar ákvörðunum framkvæmdaráðsins sem og skýrslum, tillögum, beiðnum og tilmælum sem því berast í samræmi við 46.–50. mgr.

Framhaldsaðgerðir í kjölfar samþykktar framkvæmdaráðsins á staðbundnu eftirliti.

53. Staðbundið eftirlit, sem samþykkt er af framkvæmdaráðinu, skal framkvæmt án tafar af eftirlitshópi sem tilnefndur er af framkvæmdastjóranum og í samræmi við ákvæði þessa samnings og bókunarinnar. Eftirlitshópurinn skal vera kominn á þann stað sem farið er inn í landið eigi síðar en sex dögum eftir að framkvæmdaráðið tekur við beiðni um staðbundið eftirlit frá aðildarríkinu sem leggur hana fram.

54. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal útbúa erindisbréf fyrir framkvæmd staðbundins eftirlits. Erindisbréfið skal innihalda upplýsingar þær sem kveðið er á um í 42. mgr. II. hluta bókunarinnar.

55. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal tilkynna aðildarríki því sem sæta á eftirliti um eftirlitið eigi síðar en 24 klukkustundum fyrir áætlaða komu eftirlitshópsins á þann stað sem farið er inn í landið í samræmi við 43. mgr. II. hluta bókunarinnar.

Framkvæmd staðbundins eftirlits.

56. Sérhvert aðildarríki skal leyfa stofnuninni að framkvæma staðbundið eftirlit á sínu yfirráðasvæði eða á stöðum sem eru undir lögsögu eða stjórn þess í samræmi við ákvæði þessa samnings og bókunarinnar. Hins vegar er engu aðildarríki skylt að samþykkja að fram fari margar staðbundnar eftirlitsaðgerðir á sama tíma á yfirráðasvæði sínu eða á stöðum sem eru undir lögsögu þess eða stjórn.

57. Í samræmi við ákvæði þessa samnings og bókunarinnar skal aðildarríkið sem eftirlit er haft með hafa:

a. rétt og skyldu til að gera hvaðeina sem tilhlýðilegt er til að sýna fram á að það standi við samninginn og, með þetta fyrir augum, að leyfa eftirlitshópnum að framfylgja erindisbréfi sínu;

b. rétt til að gera þær ráðstafanir sem það telur nauðsynlegar til að tryggja þjóðaröryggishagsmuni og koma í veg fyrir að trúnaðarmál séu opinberuð sem ekki eru tengd markmiðum eftirlitsins;

c. þá skyldu að leyfa aðgang innan eftirlitssvæðisins einungis með það fyrir augum að komast að staðreyndum sem skipta máli fyrir markmið eftirlitsins, að teknu tilliti til b- liðar og hvers konar stjórnskipulegra skuldbindinga sem það kann að hafa með hliðsjón af eignarrétti eða leit eða kyrrsetningu;

d. skyldu til að vísa ekki til þessarar málsgreinar eða 88. mgr. II. hluta bókunarinnar til að leyna broti á skuldbindingum sínum samkvæmt 1. gr.; og

e. skyldu til að skerða ekki getu eftirlitshópsins til að hreyfa sig innan eftirlitssvæðisins og til að framkvæma eftirlitsaðgerðir í samræmi við þennan samning og bókunina.

Aðgangur, í samhengi við staðbundið eftirlit, merkir bæði eiginlegur aðgangur eftirlitshópsins og eftirlitsbúnaðar að eftirlitssvæðinu svo og framkvæmd eftirlitsaðgerða innan eftirlitssvæðisins.

58. Staðbundið eftirlit skal framkvæmt þannig að það valdi sem minnstri truflun, í samræmi við skilvirkar og tímanlegar lyktir eftirlitsins og í samræmi við málsmeðferðarreglur sem settar eru fram í bókuninni. Hvar sem mögulegt er skal eftirlitshópurinn byrja á þann hátt sem veldur minnstri truflun og síðan einungis hefja ágengari aðgerðir að því marki sem hann telur nauðsynlegt til að safna saman nægjanlegum upplýsingum til að skýra áhyggjur um hugsanlegar vanefndir á samningnum. Eftirlitsmenn skulu einungis leita upplýsinga og gagna sem nauðsynleg eru fyrir eftirlitið og leitast við að valda sem minnstum truflunum á daglegri starfsemi í aðildarríki því sem haft er eftirlit með.

59. Aðildarríki það sem eftirlit er haft með skal aðstoða eftirlitshópinn meðan á staðbundnu eftirliti stendur og greiða fyrir verki hans.

60. Ef aðildarríki það, sem eftirlit er haft með og gerir ráðstafanir í samræmi við 86.–96. mgr. II. hluta bókunarinnar, hindrar aðgang innan eftirlitssvæðisins skal það gera hvaðeina sem tilhlýðilegt getur talist, í samráði við eftirlitshópinn, til að sýna með öðrum hætti að það stendur við samninginn.

Áhorfandi.

61. Hvað varðar áhorfanda skal eftirfarandi eiga við:

a. aðildarríki það sem leggur fram beiðni má, svo framarlega sem samþykki fæst frá aðildarríki því sem eftirlit er haft með, senda fulltrúa, sem skal annaðhvort vera ríkisborgari aðildarríkis þess sem leggur fram beiðnina eða þriðja aðildarríkis, til að fylgjast með framkvæmd staðbundna eftirlitsins;

b. aðildarríkið sem eftirlit er haft með skal tilkynna samþykki sitt eða synjun að því er varðar áhorfandann sem tillaga er gerð um til framkvæmdastjórans innan 12 klukkustunda eftir að framkvæmdaráðið samþykkir hið staðbundna eftirlit;

c. ef samþykki er veitt skal aðildarríkið sem eftirlit er haft með veita áhorfandanum aðgang í samræmi við bókunina;

d. aðildarríkið sem eftirlit er haft með skal almennt samþykkja þann áhorfanda sem tillaga er gerð um, en ef að aðildarríkið sem eftirlit er haft með ber fram synjun, skal sú staðreynd skráð í eftirlitsskýrslu.

Eigi skulu vera fleiri en þrír áhorfendur frá hópi þeirra aðildarríkja sem leggja fram beiðni.

Skýrslur um staðbundið eftirlit.

62. Eftirlitsskýrslur skulu innihalda:

a. lýsingu á aðgerðum eftirlitshópsins;

b. niðurstöður eftirlitshópsins sem hafa þýðingu fyrir markmið eftirlitsins;

c. greinargerð varðandi veitta samvinnu meðan á staðbundnu eftirliti stóð;

d. lýsingu á því í hvaða mæli aðgangur var veittur, þ.á m. öðrum möguleikum sem hópnum voru veittir, meðan á staðbundnu eftirliti stóð; og

e. hvers konar önnur atriði sem þýðingu hafa varðandi markmið eftirlitsins.

Sérstakar athugasemdir einstakra eftirlitsmanna má setja sem viðhengi við skýrsluna.

63. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal veita aðildarríki því sem eftirlit er haft með aðgang að drögum að eftirlitsskýrslum. Aðildarríki það sem eftirlit er haft með skal eiga rétt á að leggja fyrir framkvæmdastjórann innan 48 klukkustunda athugasemdir sínar og skýringar, og að bera kennsl á hvers kyns upplýsingar og gögn sem að áliti þess eru ekki tengd markmiðum eftirlitsins og ættu ekki að fara til dreifingar utan tækniskrifstofunnar. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal íhuga tillögur sem aðildarríkið sem eftirlit er haft með leggur fram varðandi breytingar við drög að eftirlitsskýrslu og skal þar sem unnt er fella þær inn í skýrsluna. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal einnig setja athugasemdir og skýringar sem gefnar eru af aðildarríki því sem eftirlit er haft með sem viðauka við eftirlitsskýrsluna.

64. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal tafarlaust senda eftirlitsskýrslu til aðildarríkisins sem leggur fram beiðnina, aðildarríkisins sem eftirlit er haft með, framkvæmdaráðsins og allra annarra aðildarríkja. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal einnig tafarlaust senda til framkvæmdaráðsins og allra annarra aðildarríkja hvers konar niðurstöður úr greiningu á sýnishornum frá tilnefndum rannsóknarstofum í samræmi við 104. mgr. II. hluta bókunarinnar, gögn sem máli skipta frá alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfinu, álit aðildarríkisins sem leggur fram beiðnina og aðildarríkisins sem eftirlit er haft með, ásamt hvers konar öðrum upplýsingum sem framkvæmdastjórinn telur skipta máli. Ef um er að ræða skýrslu um framgang eftirlits sem vísað er til í 47. mgr. skal framkvæmdastjórinn senda skýrsluna til framkvæmdaráðsins innan þess tíma sem kveðið er á um í þeirri málsgrein.

65. Framkvæmdaráðið skal, í samræmi við valdheimildir þess og starfssvið, ígrunda eftirlitsskýrsluna og hvers konar efni sem lagt er fram í samræmi við 64. mgr. og skal fjalla um hvers kyns áhyggjur sem varða:

a. hvort um vanefndir á samningnum sé að ræða; og

b. hvort rétturinn til að biðja um staðbundið eftirlit hafi verið misnotaður.

66. Ef framkvæmdaráðið kemst að þeirri niðurstöðu, í samræmi við valdheimildir þess og starfssvið, að nauðsyn sé á frekari aðgerðum með tilliti til 65. mgr. skal það gera viðeigandi ráðstafanir í samræmi við 5. gr.

Léttvægar eða ranglátar beiðnir um staðbundið eftirlit.

67. Ef framkvæmdaráðið samþykkir ekki staðbundið eftirlit á þeim grundvelli að beiðni um staðbundið eftirlit sé léttvæg eða ranglát eða ef eftirlit er stöðvað af sömu ástæðum skal framkvæmdaráðið ígrunda og ákveða hvort viðeigandi ráðstafanir skuli framkvæmdar til að ráða bót á ástandinu, þ.á m. eftirfarandi:

a. að krefja aðildarríkið sem bað um eftirlit um greiðslu kostnaðar við undirbúning af hálfu tækniskrifstofunnar;

b. að fella niður rétt aðildarríkisins sem lagði fram beiðnina til að biðja um staðbundið eftirlit um ákveðinn tíma, svo sem ákvarðað er af framkvæmdaráðinu; og

c. að fella niður rétt aðildarríkisins sem lagði fram beiðnina til að sitja í framkvæmdaráðinu um ákveðinn tíma.

E. Traustvekjandi aðgerðir.

68. Í þeim tilgangi að:

a. stuðla að tímanlegri lausn á áhyggjum um vanefndir á samningnum sem stafað gætu af hugsanlegri mistúlkun á eftirlitsgögnum sem varða sprengingar með efnavopn; og

b. aðstoða við stillingu þeirra stöðva sem tilheyra einstökum hlutum alþjóðlega eftirlitskerfisins,

tekst hvert aðildarríki á hendur að vinna með stofnuninni og öðrum aðildarríkjum við að framkvæma aðgerðir sem máli skipta, eins og lýst er í III. hluta bókunarinnar.

5. gr.

Aðgerðir til að ráða bót á ástandi og til að tryggja efndir, þar á meðal viðurlög.

1. Þingið skal, m.a. með hliðsjón af tilmælum framkvæmdaráðsins, grípa til þeirra nauðsynlegu aðgerða sem settar eru fram í 2. og 3. mgr. til að tryggja að þessi samningur sé efndur og ráða bót á og lagfæra hvert það ástand sem brýtur gegn ákvæðum þessa samings.

2. Í tilvikum þar sem þingið eða framkvæmdaráðið hefur beðið aðildarríki um að ráða bót á ástandi, sem veldur vanda að því er efndir þess varðar, og aðildarríkið gerir það ekki innan tilgreinds tíma, getur þingið meðal annars ákveðið að takmarka eða taka af aðildarríkinu réttindi og sérréttindi samkvæmt samningi þessum þar til þingið ákveður annað.

3. Í tilvikum þar sem vanefndir grundvallarskuldbindinga þessa samnings geta skaðað markmið og tilgang samningsins getur þingið mælt með því við aðildarríki að grípið verði til sameiginlegra aðgerða sem samræmast þjóðarétti.

4. Þingið, eða, ef málið er brýnt, framkvæmdaráðið, getur lagt málið fyrir Sameinuðu þjóðirnar, þar á meðal upplýsingar og niðurstöður sem máli skipta.

6. gr.

Lausn deilumála.

1. Deilumál sem upp kunna að koma varðandi beitingu eða túlkun þessa samnings skulu útkljáð í samræmi við viðkomandi ákvæði þessa samnings og í samræmi við ákvæði sáttmála Sameinuðu þjóðanna.

2. Þegar upp kemur deila milli tveggja eða fleiri aðildarríkja, eða á milli eins eða fleiri aðildarríkja og stofnunarinnar, sem varðar beitingu eða túlkun þessa samnings, skulu viðkomandi aðilar hafa samráð sín á milli í þeim tilgangi að leysa deiluna skjótt með samningaviðræðum eða öðrum friðsamlegum leiðum að þeirra vali, þar á meðal að leita til þar til viðeigandi stofnana þessa samnings og, með gagnkvæmu samþykki, að vísa málinu til Alþjóðadómstólsins í samræmi við samþykktir dómstólsins. Þeir aðilar, sem hlut eiga að máli, skulu upplýsa framkvæmdaráðið um þær ráðstafanir sem gripið er til.

3. Framkvæmdaráðið getur tekið þátt í að finna lausn á deilum sem koma kunna upp varðandi beitingu eða túlkun þessa samnings á hvern þann hátt sem því þykir hæfa, þar á meðal að bjóða fram milligöngu sína, hvetja aðildarríkin sem deila til að leita lausna eftir leiðum að eigin vali, leggja málið fyrir þingið og mæla með tímatakmörkunum varðandi þá meðferð sem samstaða næst um.

4. Þingið skal fjalla um álitamál sem tengjast deilum sem aðildarríki taka upp eða sem framkvæmdaráðið vekur athygli þess á. Þingið skal eftir því sem það telur nauðsyn á, stofna eða fela undirstofnunum verkefni sem varða lausn þessara deilna í samræmi við j-lið 26. mgr. 2. gr.

5. Þingið og framkvæmdaráðið hafa hvort um sig vald, að gefnu leyfi allsherjarþings Sameinuðu þjóðanna, til að fara fram á það við Alþjóðadómstólinn að hann veiti ráðgefandi álit um sérhvert lagalegt álitamál sem upp kemur varðandi starfssvið stofnunarinnar. Gerður skal samningur í þessum tilgangi milli stofnunarinnar og Sameinuðu þjóðanna í samræmi við h-lið 38. mgr. 2. gr.

6. Þessi grein hefur ekki áhrif á 4. og 5. gr.

7. gr.

Breytingar.

1. Hvert aðildarríkjanna getur, hvenær sem er eftir að samningur þessi hefur öðlast gildi, lagt til breytingar á samningnum, bókuninni eða viðaukum við bókunina. Hvert aðildarríkjanna getur einnig lagt til breytingar, í samræmi við 7. mgr., á bókuninni eða viðaukum við hana. Breytingartillögur skulu falla undir málsmeðferðina í 2.–6. mgr. Breytingartillögur í samræmi við 7. mgr. skulu falla undir málsmeðferðina í 8. mgr.

2. Einungis skal fjallað um breytingartillögu og hún samþykkt á sérstöku breytingarþingi.

3. Sérhverri breytingartillögu skal komið til framkvæmdastjórans sem skal dreifa henni til allra aðildarríkjanna og vörsluaðila og leita eftir áliti aðildarríkjanna á því hvort boðað skuli til breytingarþings til að fjalla um tillöguna. Ef meiri hluti aðildarríkjanna tilkynnir framkvæmdastjóranum, eigi síðar en 30 dögum eftir að breytingartillögunni var dreift, að þau styðji að tillagan verði tekin til frekari athugunar skal framkvæmdastjórinn boða til breytingarþings sem öllum aðildarríkjunum skal boðið til.

4. Breytingarþing skal haldið þegar að loknum reglulegum fundi þingsins nema öll aðildarríkin sem styðja að boðað sé til breytingarþings fari fram á að það verði haldið fyrr. Aldrei skal þó breytingarþing fyrr en 60 dögum eftir að breytingartillögunni var dreift.

5. Breytingar skulu samþykktar af breytingarþinginu með jáatkvæði meiri hluta aðildarríkjanna og án þess að nokkurt aðildarríki greiði mótatkvæði.

6. Breytingar skulu taka gildi að því er öll aðildarríki varðar 30 dögum eftir að öll þau aðildarríki, sem greiddu atkvæði með þeim á breytingarþinginu, hafa afhent skjöl sín um fullgildingu eða staðfestingu.

7. Í þeim tilgangi að tryggja raunhæfni og virkni þessa samnings skulu I. og III. hluti bókunarinnar og 1. og 2. viðauki við bókunina vera háðir breytingum samkvæmt 8. mgr., ef breytingarnar sem lagðar eru til eru einungis stjórnsýslu- eða tæknilegs eðlis. Öll önnur ákvæði bókunarinnar og viðaukanna við hana skulu ekki háð breytingum í samræmi við 8. mgr.

8. Tillögur að breytingum sem vísað er til í 7. mgr. skulu gerðar í samræmi við eftirfarandi málsmeðferð:

a. Texta breytinganna sem lagðar eru til skal komið til framkvæmdastjórans ásamt nauðsynlegum upplýsingum. Hvert aðildarríkjanna og framkvæmdastjórinn geta lagt fram viðbótarupplýsingar til að meta gildi tillögunnar. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal strax miðla öllum slíkum tillögum og upplýsingum til allra aðildarríkjanna, framkvæmdaráðsins og vörsluaðila.

b. Eigi síðar en 60 dögum eftir að framkvæmdastjóranum berst tillagan í hendur skal hann meta hana til að ákvarða allar hugsanlegar afleiðingar sem hún gæti haft fyrir ákvæði þessa samnings og framkvæmd þeirra og skal hann miðla öllum slíkum upplýsingum til allra aðildarríkjanna og framkvæmdaráðsins.

c. Framkvæmdaráðið skal kanna tillöguna í ljósi allra þeirra upplýsinga sem það hefur undir höndum, þar á meðal hvort tillagan standist kröfur sem gerðar eru í 7. mgr. Eigi síðar en 90 dögum eftir að því hefur borist hún í hendur skal framkvæmdaráðið tilkynna öllum aðildarríkjunum um tilmæli sín, ásamt viðeigandi skýringum, þeim til athugunar. Aðildarríki skulu staðfesta móttöku innan 10 daga.

d. Ef framkvæmdaráðið mælir með því við öll aðildarríkin að tillaga skuli samþykkt skal hún teljast samþykkt ef ekkert aðildarríkjanna mótmælir henni innan 90 daga frá móttöku tilmælanna. Ef framkvæmdaráðið mælir með því að tillögunni verði hafnað skal hún teljast hafa verið hafnað ef ekkert aðildarríki mótmælir höfnuninni innan 90 daga frá móttöku tilmælanna.

e. Ef tilmæli framkvæmdaráðsins ná ekki því samþykki sem krafist er samkvæmt d-lið skal ákvörðun um tillöguna, meðal annars um hvort hún standist kröfur 7. mgr., tekin sem efnisatriði á þinginu á næsta fundi þess.

f. Framkvæmdastjórinn skal tilkynna öllum aðildarríkjunum og vörsluaðila um allar ákvarðanir samkvæmt þessari málsgrein.

g. Breytingar, sem samþykktar eru samkvæmt þessari meðferð, skulu taka gildi að því er öll aðildarríkin varðar 180 dögum frá þeim degi sem framkvæmdastjórinn tilkynnir um samþykki þeirra nema framkvæmdaráðið mæli með öðrum tíma eða þingið kveði svo á um.

8. gr.

Endurskoðun samningsins.

1. Tíu árum eftir að samningur þessi öðlast gildi skal, nema meiri hluti aðildarríkja ákveði annað, halda þing aðildarríkjanna til að endurskoða framkvæmd og virkni þessa samnings, með það fyrir augum að fullvissa sig um að markmið og tilgangur, sem fram koma í inngangsorðum og ákvæðum samningsins, nái fram að ganga. Slík endurskoðun skal taka tillit til allrar nýrrar vísindalegrar og tæknilegrar þróunar sem þýðingu hefur fyrir samning þennan. Á grundvelli beiðni frá einhverju aðildarríkjanna skal endurskoðunarþingið fjalla um þann möguleika að leyfa að fram fari kjarnasprengingar neðanjarðar í friðsamlegum tilgangi. Ef endurskoðunarþingið ákveður, með almennu samkomulagi, að slíkar kjarnasprengingar megi leyfa skal það tafarlaust hefja störf, með það fyrir augum að leggja til við aðildarríkin viðeigandi breytingu á þessum samningi sem útilokar nokkurn hernaðarlegan ávinning af slíkum kjarnasprengingum. Sérhverri slíkri breytingu, sem lögð er til, skal eitthvert aðildarríki koma á framfæri við framkvæmdastjórann og skal fjallað um hana samkvæmt ákvæðum 7. gr.

2. Á tíu ára fresti þar á eftir má boða til frekari endurskoðunarþinga í sama tilgangi, ef þingið ákveður þá meðferð árið á undan. Boða má til slíkra þinga eftir styttra hlé en tíu ár ef þingið tekur efnislega ákvörðun þar um.

3. Endurskoðunarþing skal venjulega halda þegar á eftir reglulegum árlegum fundi þingsins sem kveðið er á um í 2. gr.

9. gr.

Gildistími og úrsögn.

1. Samningur þessi hefur ótakmarkaðan gildistíma.

2. Hvert aðildarríki skal í krafti fullveldis síns hafa rétt til að segja samningnum upp ef það telur að óvenjulegir atburðir, sem tengjast efni þessa samnings, hafi stofnað grundvallarhagsmunum þess í hættu.

3. Úrsögn skal framkvæmd með því að tilkynna öllum öðrum aðildarríkjum, framkvæmdaráðinu, vörsluaðila og öryggisráði Sameinuðu þjóðanna þar um með sex mánaða fyrirvara. Tilkynningu um úrsögn skal fylgja yfirlýsing um þann óvenjulega atburð eða atburði sem aðildarríki telur að stofni grundvallarhagsmunum þess í hættu.

10. gr.

Staða bókunarinnar og viðaukanna.

Viðaukarnir við samning þennan, bókunin og viðaukarnir við bókunina eru óaðskiljanlegir hlutar samningsins. Sérhver tilvísun í samninginn tekur til viðaukanna við samning þennan, bókunarinnar og viðaukanna við bókunina.

11. gr.

Undirskrift.

Þessi samningur skal opinn öllum ríkjum til undirritunar þar til hann öðlast gildi.

12. gr.

Fullgilding.

Þessi samningur skal háður fullgildingu af hálfu þeirra ríkja sem undirrita hann í samræmi við stjórnskipulega meðferð hvers og eins.

13. gr.

Aðild.

Sérhvert ríki, sem ekki skrifar undir þennan samning áður en hann öðlast gildi, getur gerst aðili að honum hvenær sem er eftir það.

14. gr.

Gildistaka.

1. Þessi samningur skal öðlast gildi 180 dögum eftir að fullgildingarskjöl hafa verið afhent af hálfu allra þeirra ríkja sem upp eru talin í 2. viðauka við samning þennan, en þó eigi fyrr en tveimur árum eftir að hann er lagður fram til undirritunar.

2. Ef samningur þessi hefur ekki öðlast gildi þremur árum frá þeim degi sem hann er lagður fram til undirritunar skal vörsluaðili kalla saman þing ríkjanna sem þegar hafa afhent fullgildingarskjöl sín, að beiðni meiri hluta þessara ríkja. Það þing skal kanna að hve miklu leyti skilyrði því sem sett er fram í 1. mgr. hefur verið fullnægt og skal fjalla um og ákveða með almennu samkomulagi til hvaða aðgerða, sem samræmast þjóðarétti, megi grípa til að hraða fullgildingarferlinu í þeim tilgangi að greiða fyrir fljótri gildistöku þessa samnings.

3. Þessi meðferð skal endurtekin eftirleiðis á árlegum undirskriftardegi þessa samnings þar til hann öðlast gildi nema þingið, sem vísað er til í 2. mgr. eða önnur slík þing, kveði öðruvísi á um.

4. Öllum þeim ríkjum, sem undirritað hafa samninginn, skal boðið að sækja þingið sem vísað er til í 2. mgr. og öll síðari þing eins og vísað er til í 3. mgr., sem áheyrnaraðilar.

5. Að því er varðar ríki, sem afhenda fullgildingar- eða aðildarskjöl eftir að samningur þessi öðlast gildi, skal hann öðlast gildi á þrítugasta degi eftir að þau afhenda fullgildingar- eða aðildarskjöl sín.

15. gr.

Fyrirvarar.

Greinar þessa samnings og viðaukar við hann eru ekki háðir fyrirvörum. Ákvæði bókunarinnar við þennan samning og viðauka við bókunina eru ekki háð fyrirvörum sem ekki samræmast markmiði og tilgangi þessa samnings.

16. gr.

Vörsluaðili.

1. Aðalframkvæmdastjóri Sameinuðu þjóðanna skal vera vörsluaðili samnings þessa og skal veita viðtöku undirritunum, fullgildingarskjölum og aðildarskjölum.

2. Vörsluaðili skal tafarlaust upplýsa öll ríki sem undirritað hafa samninginn og ríki sem gerst hafa aðilar að honum um dagsetningu hverrar undirritunar, dagsetningu afhendingar hvers fullgildingarskjals eða aðildarskjals, gildistökudag samningsins og hvers konar breytinga á honum, og viðtöku annarra tilkynninga.

3. Vörsluaðili skal senda staðfest afrit þessa samnings til ríkisstjórna þeirra ríkja sem undirritað hafa samninginn og þeirra ríkja sem gerst hafa aðilar að honum.

4. Þessi samningur skal skráður af hálfu vörsluaðila í samræmi við 102. gr. sáttmála Sameinuðu þjóðanna.

17. gr.

Gildir textar.

Samningur þessi, en arabískur, enskur, franskur, kínverskur, rússneskur og spænskur texti hans eru allir jafngildir, skal varðveittur hjá aðalframkvæmdastjóra Sameinuðu þjóðanna.

COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR-TEST-BAN TREATY

PREAMBLE

The States Parties to this Treaty (hereinafter referred to as “the States Parties),

Welcoming the international agreements and other positive measures of recent years in the field of nuclear disarmament, including reductions in arsenals of nuclear weapons, as well as in the field of the prevention of nuclear proliferation in all its aspects,

Underlining the importance of the full and prompt implementation of such agreements and measures,

Convinced that the present international situation provides an opportunity to take further effective measures towards nuclear disarmament and against the proliferation of nuclear weapons in all its aspects, and declaring their intention to take such measures,

Stressing therefore the need for continued systematic and progressive efforts to reduce nuclear weapons globally, with the ultimate goal of eliminating those weapons, and of general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control,

Recognizing that the cessation of all nuclear weapon test explosions and all other nuclear explosions, by constraining the development and qualitative improvement of nuclear weapons and ending the development of advanced new types of nuclear weapons, constitutes an effective measure of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation in all its aspects,

Further recognizing that an end to all such nuclear explosions will thus constitute a meaningful step in the realization of a systematic process to achieve nuclear disarmament,

Convinced that the most effective way to achieve an end to nuclear testing is through the conclusion of a universal and internationally and effectively verifiable comprehensive nuclear test-ban treaty, which has long been one of the highest priority objectives of the international community in the field of disarmament and non-proliferation,

Noting the aspirations expressed by the Parties to the 1963 Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water to seek to achieve the discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time,

Noting also the views expressed that this Treaty could contribute to the protection of the environment,

Affirming the purpose of attracting the adherence of all States to this Treaty and its objective to contribute effectively to the prevention of the proliferation of nuclear weapons in all its aspects, to the process of nuclear disarmament and therefore to the enhancement of international peace and security,

Have agreed as follows:

ARTICLE I

BASIC OBLIGATIONS

1. Each State Party undertakes not to carry out any nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion, and to prohibit and prevent any such nuclear explosion at any place under its jurisdiction or control.

2. Each State Party undertakes, furthermore, to refrain from causing, encouraging, or in any way participating in the carrying out of any nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion.

ARTICLE II

THE ORGANIZATION

A. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1. The States Parties hereby establish the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (hereinafter referred to as “the Organization) to achieve the object and purpose of this Treaty, to ensure the implementation of its provisions, including those for international verification of compliance with it, and to provide a forum for consultation and cooperation among States Parties.

2. All States Parties shall be members of the Organization. A State Party shall not be deprived of its membership in the Organization.

3. The seat of the Organization shall be Vienna, Republic of Austria.

4. There are hereby established as organs of the Organization: the Conference of the States Parties, the Executive Council and the Technical Secretariat, which shall include the International Data Centre.

5. Each State Party shall cooperate with the Organization in the exercise of its functions in accordance with this Treaty. States Parties shall consult, directly among themselves, or through the Organization or other appropriate international procedures, including procedures within the framework of the United Nations and in accordance with its Charter, on any matter which may be raised relating to the object and purpose, or the implementation of the provisions, of this Treaty.

6. The Organization shall conduct its verification activities provided for under this Treaty in the least intrusive manner possible consistent with the timely and efficient accomplishment of their objectives. It shall request only the information and data necessary to fulfil its responsibilities under this Treaty. It shall take every precaution to protect the confidentiality of information on civil and military activities and facilities coming to its knowledge in the implementation of this Treaty and, in particular, shall abide by the confidentiality provisions set forth in this Treaty.

7. Each State Party shall treat as confidential and afford special handling to information and data that it receives in confidence from the Organization in connection with the implementation of this Treaty. It shall treat such information and data exclusively in connection with its rights and obligations under this Treaty.

8. The Organization, as an independent body, shall seek to utilize existing expertise and facilities, as appropriate, and to maximize cost efficiencies, through cooperative arrangements with other international organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency. Such arrangements, excluding those of a minor and normal commercial and contractual nature, shall be set out in agreements to be submitted to the Conference of the States Parties for approval.

9. The costs of the activities of the Organization shall be met annually by the States Parties in accordance with the United Nations scale of assessments adjusted to take into account differences in membership between the United Nations and the Organization.

10. Financial contributions of States Parties to the Preparatory Commission shall be deducted in an appropriate way from their contributions to the regular budget.

11. A member of the Organization which is in arrears in the payment of its assessed contribution to the Organization shall have no vote in the Organization if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contribution due from it for the preceding two full years. The Conference of the States Parties may, nevertheless, permit such a member to vote if it is satisfied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the member.

B. THE CONFERENCE OF THE STATES PARTIES

Composition, Procedures and Decision-making

12. The Conference of the States Parties (hereinafter referred to as “the Conference) shall be composed of all States Parties. Each State Party shall have one representative in the Conference, who may be accompanied by alternates and advisers.

13. The initial session of the Conference shall be convened by the Depositary no later than 30 days after the entry into force of this Treaty.

14. The Conference shall meet in regular sessions, which shall be held annually, unless it decides otherwise.

15. A special session of the Conference shall be convened:

(a) When decided by the Conference;

(b) When requested by the Executive Council; or

(c) When requested by any State Party and supported by a majority of the States Parties.

The special session shall be convened no later than 30 days after the decision of the Conference, the request of the Executive Council, or the attainment of the necessary support, unless specified otherwise in the decision or request.

16. The Conference may also be convened in the form of an Amendment Conference, in accordance with Article VII.

17. The Conference may also be convened in the form of a Review Conference in accordance with Article VIII.

18. Sessions shall take place at the seat of the Organization unless the Conference decides otherwise.

19. The Conference shall adopt its rules of procedure. At the beginning of each session, it shall elect its President and such other officers as may be required. They shall hold office until a new President and other officers are elected at the next session.

20. A majority of the States Parties shall constitute a quorum.

21. Each State Party shall have one vote.

22. The Conference shall take decisions on matters of procedure by a majority of members present and voting. Decisions on matters of substance shall be taken as far as possible by consensus. If consensus is not attainable when an issue comes up for decision, the President of the Conference shall defer any vote for 24 hours and during this period of deferment shall make every effort to facilitate achievement of consensus, and shall report to the Conference before the end of this period. If consensus is not possible at the end of 24 hours, the Conference shall take a decision by a two-thirds majority of members present and voting unless specified otherwise in this Treaty. When the issue arises as to whether the question is one of substance or not, that question shall be treated as a matter of substance unless otherwise decided by the majority required for decisions on matters of substance.

23. When exercising its function under paragraph 26 (k), the Conference shall take a decision to add any State to the list of States contained in Annex 1 to this Treaty in accordance with the procedure for decisions on matters of substance set out in paragraph 22. Notwithstanding paragraph 22, the Conference shall take decisions on any other change to Annex 1 to this Treaty by consensus.

Powers and Functions

24. The Conference shall be the principal organ of the Organization. It shall consider any questions, matters or issues within the scope of this Treaty, including those relating to the powers and functions of the Executive Council and the Technical Secretariat, in accordance with this Treaty. It may make recommendations and take decisions on any questions, matters or issues within the scope of this Treaty raised by a State Party or brought to its attention by the Executive Council.

25. The Conference shall oversee the implementation of, and review compliance with, this Treaty and act in order to promote its object and purpose. It shall also oversee the activities of the Executive Council and the Technical Secretariat and may issue guidelines to either of them for the exercise of their functions.

26. The Conference shall:

(a) Consider and adopt the report of the Organization on the implementation of this Treaty and the annual programme and budget of the Organization, submitted by the Executive Council, as well as consider other reports;

(b) Decide on the scale of financial contributions to be paid by States Parties in accordance with paragraph 9;

(c) Elect the members of the Executive Council;

(d) Appoint the Director-General of the Technical Secretariat (hereinafter referred to as “the Director-General);

(e) Consider and approve the rules of procedure of the Executive Council submitted by the latter;

(f) Consider and review scientific and technological developments that could affect the operation of this Treaty. In this context, the Conference may direct the Director-General to establish a Scientific Advisory Board to enable him or her, in the performance of his or her functions, to render specialized advice in areas of science and technology relevant to this Treaty to the Conference, to the Executive Council or to States Parties. In that case, the Scientific Advisory Board shall be composed of independent experts serving in their individual capacity and appointed, in accordance with terms of reference adopted by the Conference, on the basis of their expertise and experience in the particular scientific fields relevant to the implementation of this Treaty;

(g) Take the necessary measures to ensure compliance with this Treaty and to redress and remedy any situation that contravenes the provisions of this Treaty, in accordance with Article V;

(h) Consider and approve at its initial session any draft agreements, arrangements, provisions, procedures, operational manuals, guidelines and any other documents developed and recommended by the Preparatory Commission;

(i) Consider and approve agreements or arrangements negotiated by the Technical Secretariat with States Parties, other States and international organizations to be concluded by the Executive Council on behalf of the Organization in accordance with paragraph 38 (h);

(j) Establish such subsidiary organs as it finds necessary for the exercise of its functions in accordance with this Treaty; and

(k) Update Annex 1 to this Treaty, as appropriate, in accordance with paragraph 23.

C. THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL

Composition, Procedures and Decision-making

27. The Executive Council shall consist of 51 members. Each State Party shall have the right, in accordance with the provisions of this Article, to serve on the Executive Council.

28. Taking into account the need for equitable geographical distribution, the Executive Council shall comprise:

a. Ten States Parties from Africa;

b. Seven States Parties from Eastern Europe;

c. Nine States Parties from Latin America and the Caribbean;

d. Seven States Parties from the Middle East and South Asia;

e. Ten States Parties from North America and Western Europe; and

f. Eight States Parties from South-East Asia, the Pacific and the Far East.

All States in each of the above geographical regions are listed in Annex 1 to this Treaty. Annex 1 to this Treaty shall be updated, as appropriate, by the Conference in accordance with paragraphs 23 and 26 (k). It shall not be subject to amendments or changes under the procedures contained in Article VII.

29. The members of the Executive Council shall be elected by the Conference. In this connection, each geographical region shall designate States Parties from that region for election as members of the Executive Council as follows:

a. At least one-third of the seats allocated to each geographical region shall be filled, taking into account political and security interests by States Parties in that region designated on the basis of the nuclear capabilities relevant to the Treaty as determined by international data as well as all or any of the following indicative criteria in the order of priority determined by each region:

a. Number of monitoring facilities of the International Monitoring System;

b. Expertise and experience in monitoring technology; and

c. Contribution to the annual budget of the Organization;

b. One of the seats allocated to each geographical region shall be filled on a rotational basis by the State Party that is first in the English alphabetical order among the States Parties in that region that have not served as members of the Executive Council for the longest period of time since becoming States Parties or since their last term, whichever is shorter. A State Party designated on this basis may decide to forgo its seat. In that case, such a State Party shall submit a letter of renunciation to the Director-General, and the seat shall be filled by the State Party following next-in-order according to this sub- paragraph; and

c. The remaining seats allocated to each geographical region shall be filled by States Parties designated from among all the States Parties in that region by rotation or elections.

30. Each member of the Executive Council shall have one representative on the Executive Council, who may be accompanied by alternates and advisers.

31. Each member of the Executive Council shall hold office from the end of the session of the Conference at which that member is elected until the end of the second regular annual session of the Conference thereafter, except that for the first election of the Executive Council, 26 members shall be elected to hold office until the end of the third regular annual session of the Conference, due regard being paid to the established numerical proportions as described in paragraph 28.

32. The Executive Council shall elaborate its rules of procedure and submit them to the Conference for approval.

33. The Executive Council shall elect its Chairman from among its members.

34. The Executive Council shall meet for regular sessions. Between regular sessions it shall meet as may be required for the fulfilment of its powers and functions.

35. Each member of the Executive Council shall have one vote.

36. The Executive Council shall take decisions on matters of procedure by a majority of all its members. The Executive Council shall take decisions on matters of substance by a two-thirds majority of all its members unless specified otherwise in this Treaty. When the issue arises as to whether the question is one of substance or not, that question shall be treated as a matter of substance unless otherwise decided by the majority required for decisions on matters of substance.

Powers and Functions

37. The Executive Council shall be the executive organ of the Organization. It shall be responsible to the Conference. It shall carry out the powers and functions entrusted to it in accordance with this Treaty. In so doing, it shall act in conformity with the recommendations, decisions and guidelines of the Conference and ensure their continuous and proper implementation.

38. The Executive Council shall:

a. Promote effective implementation of, and compliance with, this Treaty;

b. Supervise the activities of the Technical Secretariat;

c. Make recommendations as necessary to the Conference for consideration of further proposals for promoting the object and purpose of this Treaty ;

d. Cooperate with the National Authority of each State Party;

e. Consider and submit to the Conference the draft annual programme and budget of the Organization, the draft report of the Organization on the implementation of this Treaty, the report on the performance of its own activities and such other reports as it deems necessary or that the Conference may request;

f. Make arrangements for the sessions of the Conference, including the preparation of the draft agenda;

g. Examine proposals for changes, on matters of an administrative or technical nature, to the Protocol or the Annexes thereto, pursuant to Article VII, and make recommendations to the States Parties regarding their adoption;

h. Conclude, subject to prior approval of the Conference, agreements or arrangements with States Parties, other States and international organizations on behalf of the Organization and supervise their implementation, with the exception of agreements or arrangements referred to in sub-paragraph (i);

i. Approve and supervise the operation of agreements or arrangements relating to the implementation of verification activities with States Parties and other States; and

j. Approve any new operational manuals and any changes to the existing operational manuals that may be proposed by the Technical Secretariat.

39. The Executive Council may request a special session of the Conference.

40. The Executive Council shall:

a. Facilitate cooperation among States Parties, and between States Parties and the Technical Secretariat, relating to the implementation of this Treaty through information exchanges;

b. Facilitate consultation and clarification among States Parties in accordance with Article IV; and

c. Receive, consider and take action on requests for, and reports on, on-site inspections in accordance with Article IV.

41. The Executive Council shall consider any concern raised by a State Party about possible non-compliance with this Treaty and abuse of the rights established by this Treaty. In doing so, the Executive Council shall consult with the States Parties involved and, as appropriate, request a State Party to take measures to redress the situation within a specified time. To the extent that the Executive Council considers further action to be necessary, it shall take, inter alia, one or more of the following measures:

a. Notify all States Parties of the issue or matter;

b. Bring the issue or matter to the attention of the Conference;

c. Make recommendations to the Conference or take action, as appropriate, regarding measures to redress the situation and to ensure compliance in accordance with Article V.

D. THE TECHNICAL SECRETARIAT

42. The Technical Secretariat shall assist States Parties in the implementation of this Treaty. The Technical Secretariat shall assist the Conference and the Executive Council in the performance of their functions. The Technical Secretariat shall carry out the verification and other function entrusted to it by this Treaty, as well as those functions delegated to it by the Conference or the Executive Council in accordance with this Treaty. The Technical Secretariat shall include, as an integral part, the International Data Centre.

43. The functions of the Technical Secretariat with regard to verification of compliance with this Treaty shall, in accordance with Article IV and the Protocol, include inter alia:

a. Being responsible for supervising and coordinating the operation of the International Monitoring System;

b. Operating the International Data Centre;

c. Routinely receiving, processing, analysing and reporting on International Monitoring System data;

d. Providing technical assistance in, and support for, the installation and operation of monitoring stations;

e. Assisting the Executive Council in facilitating consultation and clarification among States Parties;

f. Receiving requests for on-site inspections and processing them, facilitating Executive Council consideration of such requests, carrying out the preparations for, and providing technical support during, the conduct of on-site inspections, and reporting to the Executive Council;

g. Negotiating agreements or arrangements with States Parties, other States and international organizations and concluding, subject to prior approval by the Executive Council, any such agreements or arrangements relating to verification activities with States Parties or other States; and

h. Assisting the States Parties through their National Authorities on other issues of verification under this Treaty.

44. The Technical Secretariat shall develop and maintain, subject to approval by the Executive Council, operational manuals to guide the operation of the various components of the verification regime, in accordance with Article IV and the Protocol. These manuals shall not constitute integral parts of this Treaty or the Protocol and may be changed by the Technical Secretariat subject to approval by the Executive Council. The Technical Secretariat shall promptly inform the States Parties of any changes in the operational manuals.

45. The functions of the Technical Secretariat with respect to administrative matters shall include:

a. Preparing and submitting to the Executive Council the draft programme and budget of the Organization;

b. Preparing and submitting to the Executive Council the draft report of the Organization on the implementation of this Treaty and such other reports as the Conference or the Executive Council may request;

c. Providing administrative and technical support to the Conference, the Executive Council and other subsidiary organs;

d. Addressing and receiving communications on behalf of the Organization relating to the implementation of this Treaty; and

e. Carrying out the administrative responsibilities related to any agreements between the Organization and other international organizations.

46. All requests and notifications by States Parties to the Organization shall be transmitted through their National Authorities to the Director-General. Requests and notifications shall be in one of the official languages of this Treaty. In response the Director-General shall use the language of the transmitted request or notification.

47. With respect to the responsibilities of the Technical Secretariat for preparing and submitting to the Executive Council the draft programme and budget of the Organization, the Technical Secretariat shall determine and maintain a clear accounting of all costs for each facility established as part of the International Monitoring System. Similar treatment in the draft programme and budget shall be accorded to all other activities of the Organization.

48. The Technical Secretariat shall promptly inform the Executive Council of any problems that have arisen with regard to the discharge of its functions that have come to its notice in the performance of its activities and that it has been unable to resolve through consultations with the State Party concerned.

49. The Technical Secretariat shall comprise a Director-General, who shall be its head and chief administrative officer, and such scientific, technical and other personnel as may be required. The Director-General shall be appointed by the Conference upon the recommendation of the Executive Council for a term of four years, renewable for one further term, but not thereafter. The first Director-General shall be appointed by the Conference at its initial session upon the recommendation of the Preparatory Commission.

50. The Director-General shall be responsible to the Conference and the Executive Council for the appointment of the staff and for the organization and functioning of the Technical Secretariat. The paramount consideration in the employment of the staff and in the determination of the conditions of service shall be the necessity of securing the highest standards of professional expertise, experience, efficiency, competence and integrity. Only citizens of States Parties shall serve as the Director-General, as inspectors or as members of the professional and clerical staff. Due regard shall be paid to the importance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis as possible. Recruitment shall be guided by the principle that the staff shall be kept to the minimum necessary for the proper discharge of the responsibilities of the Technical Secretariat.

51. The Director-General may, as appropriate, after consultation with the Executive Council, establish temporary working groups of scientific experts to provide recommendations on specific issues.

52. In the performance of their duties, the Director-General, the inspectors, the inspection assistants and the members of the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any Government or from any other source external to the Organization. They shall refrain from any action that might reflect adversely on their positions as international officers responsible only to the Organization. The Director-General shall assume responsibility for the activities of an inspection team.

53. Each State Party shall respect the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Director-General, the inspectors, the inspection assistants and the members of the staff and shall not seek to influence them in the discharge of their responsibilities.

E. PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES

54. The Organization shall enjoy on the territory and in any other place under the jurisdiction or control of a State Party such legal capacity and such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the exercise of its functions.

55. Delegates of States Parties, together with their alternates and advisers, representatives of members elected to the Executive Council, together with their alternates and advisers, the Director-General, the inspectors, the inspection assistants and the members of the staff of the Organization shall enjoy such privileges and immunities as are necessary in the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the Organization.

56. The legal capacity, privileges and immunities referred to in this Article shall be defined in agreements between the Organization and the State Parties as well as in an agreement between the Organization and the State in which the Organization is seated. Such agreements shall be considered and approved in accordance with paragraph 26 (h) and (i).

57. Notwithstanding paragraphs 54 and 55, the privileges and immunities enjoyed by the Director-General, the inspectors, the inspection assistants and the members of the staff of the Technical Secretariat during the conduct of verification activities shall be those set forth in the Protocol.

ARTICLE III

NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES

1. Each State Party shall, in accordance with its constitutional processes, take any necessary measures to implement its obligations under this Treaty. In particular, it shall take any necessary measures:

a. To prohibit natural and legal persons anywhere on its territory or in any other place under its jurisdiction as recognized by international law from undertaking any activity prohibited to a State Party under this Treaty;

b. To prohibit natural and legal persons from undertaking any such activity anywhere under its control; and

c. To prohibit, in conformity with international law, natural persons possessing its nationality from undertaking any such activity anywhere.

2. Each State Party shall cooperate with other States Parties and afford the appropriate form of legal assistance to facilitate the implementation of the obligations under paragraph 1.

3. Each State Party shall inform the Organization of the measures taken pursuant to this Article.

4. In order to fulfill its obligations under the Treaty, each State Party shall designate or set up a National Authority and shall so inform the Organization upon entry into force of the Treaty for it. The National Authority shall serve as the national focal point for liaison with the Organization and with other States Parties.

ARTICLE IV

VERIFICATION

A. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1. In order to verify compliance with this Treaty, a verification regime shall be established consisting of the following elements:

a. An International Monitoring System;

b. Consultation and clarification;

c. On-site inspections; and

d. Confidence-building measures.

At entry into force of this Treaty, the verification regime shall be capable of meeting the verification requirements of this Treaty.

2. Verification activities shall be based on objective information, shall be limited to the subject matter of this Treaty, and shall be carried out on the basis of full respect for the sovereignty of States Parties and in the least intrusive manner possible consistent with the effective and timely accomplishment of their objectives. Each State Party shall refrain from any abuse of the right of verification.

3. Each State Party undertakes in accordance with this Treaty to cooperate through its National Authority established pursuant to Article III, paragraph 4, with the Organization and with other States Parties to facilitate the verification of compliance with this Treaty by, inter alia:

a. Establishing the necessary facilities to participate in these verification measures and establishing the necessary communication;

b. Providing data obtained from national stations that are part of the International Monitoring System;

c. Participating, as appropriate, in a consultation and clarification process;

d. Permitting the conduct of on-site inspections; and

e. Participating, as appropriate, in confidence-building measures.

4. All States Parties, irrespective of their technical and financial capabilities, shall enjoy the equal right of verification and assume the equal obligation to accept verification.

5. For the purposes of this Treaty, no State Party shall be precluded from using information obtained by national technical means of verification in a manner consistent with generally recognized principles of international law, including that of respect for the sovereignty of States.

6. Without prejudice to the right of States Parties to protect sensitive installations, activities or locations not related to this Treaty, States Parties shall not interfere with elements of the verification regime of this Treaty or with national technical means of verification operating in accordance with paragraph 5.

7. Each State Party shall have the right to take measures to protect sensitive installations and to prevent disclosure of confidential information and data not related to this Treaty.

8. Moreover, all necessary measures shall be taken to protect the confidentiality of any information related to civil and military activities and facilities obtained during verification activities.

9. Subject to paragraph 8, information obtained by the Organization through the verification regime established by this Treaty shall be made available to all States Parties in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Treaty and the Protocol.

10. The provisions of this Treaty shall not be interpreted as restricting the international exchange of data for scientific purposes.

11. Each State Party undertakes to cooperate with the Organization and with other States Parties in the improvement of the verification regime, and in the examination of the verification potential of additional monitoring technologies such as electromagnetic pulse monitoring or satellite monitoring, with a view to developing, when appropriate, specific measures to enhance the efficient and cost-effective verification of this Treaty. Such measures shall, when agreed, be incorporated in existing provisions in this Treaty, the Protocol or as additional sections of the Protocol, in accordance with Article VII, or, if appropriate, be reflected in the operational manuals in accordance with Article II, paragraph 44.

12. The States Parties undertake to promote cooperation among themselves to facilitate and participate in the fullest possible exchange relating to technologies used in the verification of this Treaty in order to enable all States Parties to strengthen their national implementation of verification measures and to benefit from the application of such technologies for peaceful purposes.

13. The provisions of this Treaty shall be implemented in a manner which avoids hampering the economic and technological development of the States Parties for further development of the application of atomic energy for peaceful purposes.

Verification Responsibilities of the Technical Secretariat

14. In discharging its responsibilities in the area of verification specified in this Treaty and the Protocol, in cooperation with the State Parties the Technical Secretariat shall, for the purpose of this Treaty:

a. Make arrangements to receive and distribute data and reporting products relevant to the verification of this Treaty in accordance with its provisions, and to maintain a global communications infrastructure appropriate to this task;

b. Routinely through its International Data Centre, which shall in principle be the focal point within the Technical Secretariat for data storage and data processing:

(i) Receive and initiate requests for data from the International Monitoring System;

(ii) Receive data, as appropriate, resulting from the process of consultation and clarification, from on-site inspections, and from confidence-building measures; and

(iii) Receive other relevant data from States Parties and international organizations in accordance with this Treaty and the Protocol;

(c) Supervise, coordinate and ensure the operation of the International Monitoring System and its component elements, and of the International Data Centre, in accordance with the relevant operational manuals;

(d) Routinely process, analyse and report on International Monitoring System data according to agreed procedures so as to permit the effective international verification of this Treaty and to contribute to the early resolution of compliance concerns;

(e) Make available all data, both raw and processed, and any reporting products, to all States Parties, each State Party taking responsibility for the use of International Monitoring System data in accordance with Article II, paragraph 7, and with paragraphs 8 and 13 of this Article;

(f) Provide to all States Parties equal, open, convenient and timely access to all stored data;

(g) Store all data, both raw and processed, and reporting products;

(h) Coordinate and facilitate requests for additional data from the International Monitoring system;

(i) Coordinate requests for additional data from one State Party to another State Party;

(j) Provide technical assistance in, and support for, the installation and operation of monitoring facilities and respective communication means, where such assistance and support are required by the State concerned;

(k) Make available to any State Party, upon its request, techniques utilized by the Technical Secretariat and its International Data Centre in compiling, storing, processing, analysing and reporting on data from the verification regime; and

(l) Monitor, assess and report on the overall performance of the International Monitoring System and of the International Data Centre.

15. The agreed procedures to be used by the Technical Secretariat in discharging the verification responsibilities referred to in paragraph 14 and detailed in the Protocol shall be elaborated in the relevant operational manuals.

B. THE INTERNATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEM

16. The International Monitoring System shall comprise facilities for seismological monitoring, radionuclide monitoring including certified laboratories, hydroacoustic monitoring, infrasound monitoring, and respective means of communication, and shall be supported by the International Data Centre of the Technical Secretariat.

17. The International Monitoring System shall be placed under the authority of the Technical Secretariat. All monitoring facilities of the International Monitoring System shall be owned and operated by the States hosting or otherwise taking responsibility for them in accordance with the Protocol.

18. Each State Party shall have the right to participate in the international exchange of data and to have access to all data made available to the International Data Centre. Each State Party shall cooperate with the International Data Centre through its National Authority.

Funding the International Monitoring System

19. For facilities incorporated into the International Monitoring System and specified in Tables 1-A, 2-A, 3 and 4 of Annex 1 to the Protocol, and for their functioning, to the extent that such facilities are agreed by the relevant State and the Organization to provide data to the International Data Centre in accordance with the technical requirements of the Protocol and relevant operational manuals, the Organization, as specified in agreements or arrangements pursuant to Part I, paragraph 4 of the Protocol, shall meet the costs of:

a. Establishing any new facilities and upgrading existing facilities unless the State responsible for such facilities meets these costs itself;

b. Operating and maintaining International Monitoring System facilities, including facility physical security if appropriate, and application of agreed data authentication procedures;

c. Transmitting International Monitoring System data (raw or processed) to the International Data Centre by the most direct and cost effective means available, including, if necessary, via appropriate communications nodes, from monitoring stations, laboratories, analytical facilities or from national data centres; or such data (including samples where appropriate) to laboratory and analytical facilities from monitoring stations; and

d. Analysing samples on behalf of the Organization.

20. For auxiliary network seismic stations specified in Table 1-B of Annex 1 to the Protocol the Organization, as specified in agreements or arrangements pursuant to Part I, paragraph 4 of the Protocol, shall meet the costs only of:

a. Transmitting data to the International Data Centre;

b. Authenticating data from such stations;

c. Upgrading stations to the required technical standard, unless the State responsible for such facilities meets these costs itself;

d. If necessary, establishing new stations for the purposes of this Treaty where no appropriate facilities currently exist, unless the State responsible for such facilities meets these costs itself; and

e. Any other costs related to the provision of data required by the Organization as specified in the relevant operational manuals.

21. The Organization shall also meet the cost of provision to each State Party of its requested selection from the standard range of International Data Centre reporting products and services, as specified in Part I, Section F of the Protocol. The cost of preparation and transmission of any additional data or products shall be met by the requesting State Party.

22. The agreements or, if appropriate, arrangements concluded with States Parties or States hosting or otherwise taking responsibility for facilities of the International Monitoring System shall contain provisions for meeting these costs. Such provisions may include modalities whereby a State Party meets any of the costs referred to in paragraphs 19 (a) and 20 (c) and (d) for facilities which it hosts or for which it is responsible, and is compensated by an appropriate reduction in its assessed financial contribution to the Organization. Such a reduction shall not exceed 50 percent of the annual assessed financial contribution of a State Party, but may be spread over successive years. A State Party may share such a reduction with another State Party by agreement or arrangement between themselves and with the concurrence of the Executive Council. The agreements or arrangements referred to in this paragraph shall be approved in accordance with Article II, paragraphs 26 (h) and 38 (i).

Changes to the International Monitoring System

23. Any measures referred to in paragraph 11 affecting the International Monitoring System by means of addition or deletion of a monitoring technology shall, when agreed, be incorporated into this Treaty and the Protocol pursuant to Article VII, paragraphs 1 to 6.

24. The following changes to the International Monitoring System, subject to the agreement of those States directly affected, shall be regarded as matters of an administrative or technical nature pursuant to Article VII, paragraphs 7 and 8:

a. Changes to the number of facilities specified in the Protocol for a given monitoring technology; and

b. Changes to other details for particular facilities as reflected in the Tables of Annex 1 to the Protocol (including, inter alia, State responsible for the facility; location; name of facility; type of facility; and attribution of a facility between the primary and auxiliary seismic networks).

If the Executive Council recommends, pursuant to Article VII, paragraph 8 (d) that such changes be adopted, it shall as a rule also recommend pursuant to Article VII, paragraph 8 (g) that such changes enter into force upon notification by the Director-General of their approval.

25. The Director-General, in submitting to the Executive Council and States Parties information and evaluation in accordance with Article VII, paragraph 8 (b), shall include in the case of any proposal made pursuant to paragraph 24:

a. A technical evaluation of the proposal;

b. A statement on the administrative and financial impact of the proposal; and

c. A report on consultations with States directly affected by the proposal, including indication of their agreement.

Temporary Arrangements

26. In cases of significant or irretrievable breakdown of a monitoring facility specified in the Tables of Annex 1 to the Protocol, or in order to cover other temporary reductions of monitoring coverage, the Director-General shall, in consultation and agreement with those States directly affected, and with the approval of the Executive Council, initiate temporary arrangements of no more than one year's duration, renewable if necessary by agreement of the Executive Council and of the States directly affected for another year. Such arrangements shall not cause the number of operational facilities of the International Monitoring System to exceed the number specified for the relevant network; shall meet as far as possible the technical and operational requirements specified in the operational manual for the relevant network; and shall be conducted within the budget of the Organization. The Director-General shall furthermore take steps to rectify the situation and make proposals for its permanent resolution. The Director-General shall notify all States Parties of any decision taken pursuant to this paragraph.

Cooperating National Facilities

27. States Parties may also separately establish cooperative arrangements with the Organization, in order to make available to the International Data Centre supplementary data from national monitoring stations that are not formally part of the International Monitoring System.

28. Such cooperative arrangements may be established as follows:

a. Upon request by a State Party, and at the expense of that State, the Technical Secretariat shall take the steps required to certify that a given monitoring facility meets the technical and operational requirements specified in the relevant operational manuals for an International Monitoring System facility, and make arrangements for the authentication of its data. Subject to the agreement of the Executive Council, the Technical Secretariat shall then formally designate such a facility as a cooperating national facility. The Technical Secretariat shall take the steps required to revalidate its certification as appropriate;

b. The Technical Secretariat shall maintain a current list of cooperating national facilities and shall distribute it to all States Parties and;

c. The International Data Centre shall call upon data from cooperating national facilities, if so requested by a State Party, for the purposes of facilitating consultation and clarification and the consideration of on-site inspection requests, data transmission costs being borne by that State Party.

The conditions under which supplementary data from such facilities are made available, and under which the International Data Centre may request further or expedited reporting, or clarifications, shall be elaborated in the operational manual for the respective monitoring network.

C. CONSULTATION AND CLARIFICATION

29. Without prejudice to the right of any State Party to request an on-site inspection, States Parties should, whenever possible, first make every effort to clarify and resolve, among themselves or with or through the Organization, any matter which may cause concern about possible non-compliance with the basic obligations of this Treaty.

30. A State Party that receives a request pursuant to paragraph 29 directly from another State Party shall provide the clarification to the requesting State Party as soon as possible, but in any case no later than 48 hours after the request. The requesting and requested States Parties may keep the Executive Council and the Director-General informed of the request and the response.

31. A State Party shall have the right to request the Director-General to assist in clarifying any matter which may cause concern about possible non-compliance with the basic obligations of this Treaty. The Director-General shall provide appropriate information in the possession of the Technical Secretariat relevant to such a concern. The Director-General shall inform the Executive Council of the request and of the information provided in response, if so requested by the requesting State Party.

32. A State Party shall have the right to request the Executive Council to obtain clarification from another State Party on any matter which may cause concern about possible non-compliance with the basic obligations of this Treaty. In such a case, the following shall apply:

a. The Executive Council shall forward the request for clarification to the requested State Party through the Director-General no later than 24 hours after its receipt;

b. The requested State Party shall provide the clarification to the Executive Council as soon as possible, but in any case no later than 48 hour after receipt of the request;

c. The Executive Council shall take note of the clarification and forward it to the requesting State Party no later than 24 hours after its receipt;

d. If the requesting State Party deems the clarification to be inadequate, it shall have the right to request the Executive Council to obtain further clarification from the requested State Party.

The Executive Council shall inform without delay all other States Parties about any request for clarification pursuant to this paragraph as well as any response provided by the requested State Party.

33. If the requesting State Party considers the clarification obtained under paragraph 32 (d) to be unsatisfactory, it shall have the right to request a meeting of the Executive Council in which States Parties involved that are not members of the Executive Council shall be entitled to take part. At such a meeting, the Executive Council shall consider the matter and may recommend any measure in accordance with Article V.

D. ON-SITE INSPECTIONS

Request for an On-Site Inspection

34. Each State Party has the right to request an on-site inspection in accordance with the provisions of this Article and Part II of the Protocol in the territory or in any other place under the jurisdiction or control of any State Party, or in any area beyond the jurisdiction or control of any State.

35. The sole Purpose of an on-site inspection shall be to clarify whether a nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion has been carried out in violation of Article I and, to the extent possible, to gather any facts which might assist in identifying any possible violator.

36. The requesting State Party shall be under the obligation to keep the on-site inspection request within the scope of this Treaty and to provide in the request information in accordance with paragraph 37. The requesting State Party shall refrain from unfounded or abusive inspection requests.

37. The on-site inspection request shall be based on information collected by the International Monitoring System, on any relevant technical information obtained by national technical means of verification in a manner consistent with generally recognized principles of international law, or on a combination thereof. The request shall contain information pursuant to Part II, paragraph 41 of the Protocol.

38. The requesting State Party shall present the on-site inspection request to the Executive Council and at the same time to the Director-General for the latter to begin immediate processing.

Follow-up After Submission of an On-Site Inspection Request

39. The Executive Council shall begin its consideration immediately upon receipt of the on-site inspection request.

40. The Director-General, after receiving the on-site inspection request, shall acknowledge receipt of the request to the requesting State Party within two hours and communicate the request to the State Party sought to be inspected within six hours. The Director- General shall ascertain that the request meets the requirements specified in Part II, paragraph 41 of the Protocol, and, if necessary, shall assist the requesting State Party in filing the request accordingly, and shall communicate the request to the Executive Council and to all other states Parties within 24 hours.

41. When the on-site inspection request fulfils the requirements, the Technical Secretariat shall begin preparations for the on-site inspection without delay.

42. The Director-General, upon receipt of an on-site inspection request referring to an inspection area under the jurisdiction or control of a State Party, shall immediately seek clarification from the StateParty sought to be inspected in order to clarify and resolve the concern raised in the request.

43. A State Party that receives a request for clarification pursuant to paragraph 42 shall provide the Director-General with explanations and with other relevant information available as soon as possible, but no later than 72 hours after receipt of the request for clarification.

44. The Director-General, before the Executive Council takes a decision on the on-site inspection request, shall transmit immediately to the Executive Council any additional information available from the International Monitoring System or provided by any State Party on the event specified in the request, including any clarification provided pursuant to paragraphs 42 and 43, as well as any other information from within the Technical Secretariat that the Director-General deems relevant or that is requested by the Executive Council.

45. Unless the requesting State Party considers the concern raised in the on-site inspection request to be resolved and withdraws the request, the Executive Council shall take a decision on the request in accordance with paragraph 46.

Executive Council Decisions

46. The Executive Council shall take a decision on the on-site inspection request no later than 96 hours after receipt of the request from the requesting State Party. The decision to approve the on-site inspection shall be made by at least 30 affirmative votes of members of the Executive Council. If the Executive Council does not approve the inspection, preparations shall be stopped and no further action on the request shall be taken.

47. No later than 25 days after the approval of the on-site inspection in accordance with paragraph 46, the inspection team shall transmit to the Executive Council, through the Director-General, a progress inspection report. The continuation of the inspection shall be considered approved unless the Executive Council, no later than 72 hours after receipt of the progress inspection report, decides by a majority of all its members not to continue the inspection. If the Executive Council decides not to continue the inspection, the inspection shall be terminated, and the inspection team shall leave the inspection area and the territory of the inspected State Party as soon as possible in accordance with Part II, paragraphs 109 and 110 of the Protocol.

48. In the course of the on-site inspection, the inspection team may submit to the Executive Council, through the Director-General, a proposal to conduct drilling. The Executive Council shall take a decision on such a proposal no later than 72 hours after receipt of the proposal. The decision to approve drilling shall be made by a majority of all members of the Executive Council.

49. The inspection team may request the Executive Council, through the Director-General, to extend the inspection duration by a maximum of 70 days beyond the 60-day time-frame specified in Part II, paragraph 4 of the Protocol, if the inspection team considers such an extension essential to enable it to fulfil its mandate. The inspection team shall indicate in its request which of the activities and techniques listed in Part II, paragraph 6 of the Protocol it intends to carry out during the extension period. The Executive Council shall take a decision on the extension request no later than 72 hours after receipt of the request. The decision to approve an extension of the inspection duration shall be made by a majority of all members of the Executive Council.

50. Any time following the approval of the continuation of the on-site inspection in accordance with paragraph 47, the inspection team may submit to the Executive Council, through the Director-General, a recommendation to terminate the inspection. Such a recommendation shall be considered approved unless the Executive Council, no later than 72 hours after receipt of the recommendation, decides by a two-thirds majority of all its members not to approve the termination of the inspection. In case of termination of the inspection, the inspection team shall leave the inspection area and the territory of the inspected State Party as soon as possible in accordance with Part II, paragraphs 109 and 110 of the Protocol.

51. The requesting State Party and the State Party sought to be inspected may participate in the deliberations of the Executive Council on the on-site inspection request without voting. The requesting State Party and the inspected State Party may also participate without voting in any subsequent deliberations of the Executive Council related to the inspection.

52. The Director-General shall notify all States Parties within 24 hours about any decision by and reports, proposals, requests and recommendations to the Executive Council pursuant to paragraphs 46 to 50.

Follow-up after Executive Council Approval of an On-Site Inspection

53. An on-site inspection approved by the Executive Council shall be conducted without delay by an inspection team designated by the Director-General and in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty and the Protocol. The inspection team shall arrive at the point of entry no later than six days following the receipt by the Executive Council of the on-site inspection request from the requesting State Party.

54. The Director-General shall issue an inspection mandate for the conduct of the on-site inspection. The inspection mandate shall contain the information specified in Part II, paragraph 42 of the Protocol.

55. The Director-General shall notify the inspected State Party of the inspection no less than 24 hours before the planned arrival of the inspection team at the point of entry, in accordance with Part II, paragraph 43 of the Protocol.

The Conduct of an On-Site Inspection

56. Each State Party shall permit the Organization to conduct an on-site inspection on its territory or at places under its jurisdiction or control in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty and the Protocol. However, no State Party shall have to accept simultaneous on-site inspections on its territory or at places under its jurisdiction or control.

57. In accordance with the provisions of this Treaty and the Protocol, the inspected State Party shall have:

a. The right and the obligation to make every reasonable effort to demonstrate its compliance with this Treaty and, to this end, to enable the inspection team to fulfil its mandate;

b. The right to take measures it deems necessary to protect national security interests and to prevent disclosure of confidential information not related to the purpose of the inspection;

c. The obligation to provide access within the inspection area for the sole purpose of determining facts relevant to the purpose of the inspection, taking into account sub- paragraph (b) and any constitutional obligations it may have with regard to proprietary rights or searches and seizures;

d. The obligation not to invoke this paragraph or Part II, paragraph 88 of the Protocol to conceal any violation of its obligations under Article I; and

e. The obligation not to impede the ability of the inspection team to move within the inspection area and to carry out inspection activities in accordance with this Treaty and the Protocol.

Access, in the context of an on-site inspection, means both the physical access of the inspection team and the inspection equipment to, and the conduct of inspection activities within, the inspection area.

58. The on-site inspection shall be conducted in the least intrusive manner possible, consistent with the efficient and timely accomplishment of the inspection mandate, and in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Protocol. Wherever possible, the inspection team shall begin with the least intrusive procedures and then proceed to more intrusive procedures only as it deems necessary to collect sufficient information to clarify the concern about possible non-compliance with this Treaty. The inspectors shall seek only the information and data necessary for the purpose of the inspection and shall seek to minimize interference with normal operations of the inspected State Party.

59. The inspected State Party shall assist the inspection team throughout the on-site inspection and facilitate its task.

60. If the inspected State Party, acting in accordance with Part II, paragraphs 86 to 96 of the Protocol, restricts access within the inspection area, it shall make every reasonable effort in consultations with the inspection team to demonstrate through alternative means its compliance with this Treaty.

Observer

61. With regard to an observer, the following shall apply:

a. The requesting State Party, subject to the agreement of the inspected State Party, may send a representative, who shall be a national either of the requesting State Party or of a third State Party, to observe the conduct of the on-site inspection;

b. The inspected State Party shall notify its acceptance or non-acceptance of the proposed observer to the Director-General within 12 hours after approval of the on-site inspection by the Executive Council;

c. In case of acceptance, the inspected State Party shall grant access to the observer in accordance with the Protocol;

d. The inspected State Party shall, as a rule, accept the proposed observer, but if the inspected State Party exercises a refusal, that fact shall be recorded in the inspection report.

There shall be no more than three observers from an aggregate of requesting States Parties.

Reports of an On-Site Inspection

62. Inspection reports shall contain:

a) A description of the activities conducted by the inspection team;

b) The factual findings of the inspection team relevant to the purpose of the inspection,

c) An account of the cooperation granted during the on-site inspection;

d) A factual description of the extent of the access granted, including the alternative means provided to the team, during the on-site inspection; and

e) Any other details relevant to the purpose of the inspection.

Differing observations made by inspectors may be attached to the report.

63. The Director-General shall make draft inspection reports available to the inspected State Party. The inspected State Party shall have the right to provide the Director-General within 48 hours with its comments and explanations, and to identify any information and data which, in its view, are not related to the purpose of the inspection and should not be circulated outside the Technical Secretariat. The Director-General shall consider the proposals for changes to the draft inspection report made by the inspected State Party and shall wherever possible incorporate them. The Director-General shall also annex the comments and explanations provided by the inspected State Party to the inspection report.

64. The Director-General shall promptly transmit the inspection report to the requesting State Party, the inspected State Party, the Executive Council and to all other States Parties. The Director-General shall further transmit promptly to the Executive Council and to all other States Parties any results of sample analysis in designated laboratories in accordance with Part II, paragraph 104 of the Protocol, relevant data from the International Monitoring System, the assessments of the requesting and inspected States Parties, as well as any other information that the Director-General deems relevant. In the case of the progress inspection report referred to in paragraph 47, the Director-General shall transmit the report to the Executive Council within the time-frame specified in that paragraph.

65. The Executive Council, in accordance with its powers and functions, shall review the inspection report and any material provided pursuant to paragraph 64, and shall address any concerns as to:

a. Whether any non-compliance with this Treaty has occurred; and

b. Whether the right to request an on-site inspection has been abused.

66. If the Executive Council reaches the conclusion, in keeping with its powers and functions, that further action may be necessary with regard to paragraph 65, it shall take the appropriate measures in accordance with Article V.

Frivolous or Abusive On-Site Inspection Requests

67. If the Executive Council does not approve the on-site inspection on the basis that the on-site inspection request is frivolous or abusive, or if the inspection is terminated for the same reasons, the Executive Council shall consider and decide on whether to implement appropriate measures to redress the situation, including the following:

(a) Requiring the requesting State Party to pay for the cost of any preparations made by the Technical Secretariat;

(b) Suspending the right of the requesting State Party to request an on-site inspection for a period of time, as determined by the Executive Council; and

(c) Suspending the right of the requesting State Party to serve on the Executive Council for a period of time.

E. CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES

68. In order to:

a. Contribute to the timely resolution of any compliance concerns arising from possible misinterpretation of verification data relating to chemical explosions, and

b. Assist in the calibration of the stations that are part of the component networks of the International Monitoring System,

each State Party undertakes to cooperate with the Organization and with other States Parties in implementing relevant measures as set out in Part III of the Protocol.

ARTICLE V

MEASURES TO REDRESS A SITUATION AND TO ENSURE

COMPLIANCE, INCLUDING SANCTIONS

1. The Conference, taking into account, inter alia, the recommendations of the Executive Council, shall take the necessary measures, as set forth in paragraphs 2 and 3, to ensure compliance with this Treaty and to redress and remedy any situation which contravenes the provisions of this Treaty.

2. In cases where a State Party has been requested by the Conference or the Executive Council to redress a situation raising problems with regard to its compliance and fails to fulfil the request within the specified time, the Conference may, inter alia, decide to restrict or suspend the State Party from the exercise of its rights and privileges under this Treaty until the Conference decides otherwise.

3. In cases where damage to the object and purpose of this Treaty may result from non- compliance with the basic obligations of this Treaty, the Conference may recommend to States Parties collective measures which are in conformity with international law.

4. The Conference, or alternatively, if the case is urgent, the Executive Council, may bring the issue, including relevant information and conclusions to the attention of the United Nations.

ARTICLE VI

SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES

1. Disputes that may arise concerning the application or the interpretation of this Treaty shall be settled in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Treaty and in conformity with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations.

2. When a dispute arises between two or more States Parties, or between one or more States Parties and the Organization, relating to the application or interpretation of this Treaty, the parties concerned shall consult together with a view to the expeditious settlement of the dispute by negotiation or by other peaceful means of the parties' choice, including recourse to appropriate organs of this Treaty and, by mutual consent, referral to the International Court of Justice in conformity with the Statute of the Court. The parties involved shall keep the Executive Council informed of actions being taken.

3. The Executive Council may contribute to the settlement of a dispute that may arise concerning the application or interpretation of this Treaty by whatever means it deems appropriate, including offering its good offices, calling upon the States Parties to a dispute to seek a settlement through a process of their own choice, bringing the matter to the attention of the Conference and recommending a time-limit for any agreed procedure.

4. The Conference shall consider questions related to disputes raised by States Parties or brought to its attention by the Executive Council. The Conference shall, as it finds necessary, establish or entrust organs with tasks related to the settlement of these disputes in conformity with Article II, paragraph 26 (j).

5. The Conference and the Executive Council are separately empowered, subject to authorization from the General Assembly of the United Nations, to request the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion on any legal question arising within the scope of the activities of the Organization. An agreement between the Organization and the United Nations shall be concluded for this purpose in accordance with Article II, paragraph 38 (h).

6. This Article is without prejudice to Articles IV and V.

ARTICLE VII

AMENDMENTS

1. At any time after the entry into force of this Treaty, any State Party may propose amendments to this Treaty, the Protocol, or the Annexes to the Protocol. Any State Party may also propose changes, in accordance with paragraph 7, to the Protocol or the Annexes thereto. Proposals for amendments shall be subject to the procedures in paragraphs 2 to 6. Proposals for changes, in accordance with paragraph 7, shall be subject to the procedures in paragraph 8.

2. The proposed amendment shall be considered and adopted only by an Amendment Conference.

3. Any proposal for an amendment shall be communicated to the Director-General, who shall circulate it to all States Parties and the Depositary and seek the views of the States Parties on whether an Amendment Conference should be convened to consider the proposal. If a majority of the States Parties notify the Director-General no later than 30 days after its circulation that they support further consideration of the proposal, the Director-General shall convene an Amendment Conference to which all States Parties shall be invited.

4. The Amendment Conference shall be held immediately following a regular session of the Conference unless all States Parties that support the convening of an Amendment Conference request that it be held earlier. In no case shall an Amendment Conference be held less than 60 days after the circulation of the proposed amendment.

5. Amendments shall be adopted by the Amendment Conference by a positive vote of a majority of the States Parties with no State Party casting a negative vote.

6. Amendments shall enter into force for all States Parties 30 days after deposit of the instruments of ratification or acceptance by all those States Parties casting a positive vote at the Amendment Conference.

7. In order to ensure the viability and effectiveness of this Treaty, Parts I and III of the Protocol and Annexes 1 and 2 to the Protocol shall be subject to changes in accordance with paragraph 8, if the proposed changes are related only to matters of an administrative or technical nature. All other provisions of the Protocol and the Annexes thereto shall not be subject to changes in accordance with paragraph 8.

8. Proposed changes referred to in paragraph 7 shall be made in accordance with the following procedures:

(a) The text of the proposed changes shall be transmitted together with the necessary information to the Director-General. Additional information for the evaluation of the proposal may be provided by any State Party and the Director-General. The Director- General shall promptly communicate any such proposals and information to all States Parties, the Executive Council and the Depositary;

(b) No later than 60 days after its receipt, the Director-General shall evaluate the proposal to determine all its possible consequences for the provisions of this Treaty and its implementation and shall communicate any such information to all States Parties and the Executive Council;

(c) The Executive Council shall examine the proposal in the light of all information available to it, including whether the proposal fulfils the requirements of paragraph 7. No later than 90 days after its receipt, the Executive Council shall notify its recommendation, with appropriate explanations, to all States Parties for consideration. States Parties shall acknowledge receipt within 10 days;

(d) If the Executive Council recommends to all States Parties that the proposal be adopted, it shall be considered approved if no State Party objects to it within 90 days after receipt of the recommendation. If the Executive Council recommends that the proposal be rejected, it shall be considered rejected if no State Party objects to the rejection within 90 days after receipt of the recommendation;

(e) If a recommendation of the Executive Council does not meet with the acceptance required under sub-paragraph (d), a decision on the proposal, including whether it fulfils the requirements of paragraph 7, shall be taken as a matter of substance by the Conference at its next session;

(f) The Director-General shall notify all States Parties and the Depositary of any decision under this paragraph;

(g) Changes approved under this procedure shall enter into force for all States Parties 180 days after the date of notification by the Director-General of their approval unless another time period is recommended by the Executive Council or decided by the Conference.

ARTICLE VIII

REVIEW OF THE TREATY

1. Unless otherwise decided by a majority of the States Parties, ten years after the entry into force of this Treaty a Conference of the States Parties shall be held to review the operation and effectiveness of this Treaty, with a view to assuring itself that the objectives and purposes in the Preamble and the provisions of the Treaty are being realized. Such review shall take into account any new scientific and technological developments relevant to this Treaty. On the basis of a request by any State Party, the Review Conference shall consider the possibility of permitting the conduct of underground nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes. If the Review Conference decides by consensus that such nuclear explosions may be permitted, it shall commence work without delay, with a view to recommending to States Parties an appropriate amendment to this Treaty that shall preclude any military benefits of such nuclear explosions. Any such proposed amendment shall be communicated to the Director-General by any State Party and shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Article VII.

2. At intervals of ten years thereafter, further Review Conferences may be convened with the same objective, if the Conference so decides as a matter of procedure in the preceding year. Such Conferences may be convened after an interval of less than ten years if so decided by the Conference as a matter of substance.

3. Normally, any Review Conference shall be held immediately following the regular annual session of the Conference provided for in Article II.

ARTICLE IX

DURATION AND WITHDRAWAL

1. This Treaty shall be of unlimited duration.

2. Each State Party shall, in exercising its national sovereignty, have the right to withdraw from this Treaty if it decides that extraordinary events related to the subject matter of this Treaty have jeopardized its supreme interests.

3. Withdrawal shall be effected by giving notice six months in advance to all other States Parties, the Executive Council, the Depositary and the United Nations Security Council. Notice of withdrawal shall include a statement of the extraordinary event or events which a State Party regards as jeopardizing its supreme interests.

ARTICLE X

STATUS OF THE PROTOCOL AND THE ANNEXES

The Annexes to this Treaty, the Protocol, and the Annexes to the Protocol form an integral part of the Treaty. Any reference to this Treaty includes the Annexes to this Treaty, the Protocol and the Annexes to the Protocol.

ARTICLE XI

SIGNATURE

This Treaty shall be open to all States for signature before its entry into force.

ARTICLE XII

RATIFICATION

This Treaty shall be subject to ratification by signatory States according to their respective constitutional processes.

ARTICLE XIII

ACCESSION

Any State which does not sign this Treaty before its entry into force may accede to it at any time thereafter.

ARTICLE XIV

ENTRY INTO FORCE

1. This Treaty shall enter into force 180 days after the date of deposit of the instruments of ratification by all States listed in Annex 2 to this Treaty, but in no case earlier than two years after its opening for signature.

2. If this Treaty has not entered into force three years after the date of the anniversary of its opening for signature, the Depositary shall convene a Conference of the States that have already deposited their instruments of ratification on the request of a majority of those States. That Conference shall examine the extent to which the requirement set out in paragraph 1 has been met and shall consider and decide by consensus what measures consistent with international law may be undertaken to accelerate the ratification process in order to facilitate the early entry into force of this Treaty.

3. Unless otherwise decided by the Conference referred to in paragraph 2 or other such conferences, this process shall be repeated at subsequent anniversaries of the opening for signature of this Treaty, until its entry into force.

4. All States Signatories shall be invited to attend the Conference referred to in paragraph 2 and any subsequent conferences as referred to in paragraph 3, as observers.

5. For States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited subsequent to the entry into force of this Treaty, it shall enter into force on the 30th day following the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession.

ARTICLE XV

RESERVATIONS

The Articles of and the Annexes to this Treaty shall not be subject to reservations. The provisions of the Protocol to this Treaty and the Annexes to the Protocol shall not be subject to reservations incompatible with the object and purpose of this Treaty.

ARTICLE XVI

DEPOSITARY

1. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the Depositary of this Treaty and shall receive signatures, instruments of ratification and instruments of accession.

2. The Depositary shall promptly inform all States Signatories and acceding States of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession, the date of the entry into force of this Treaty and of any amendments and changes thereto, and the receipt of other notices.

3. The Depositary shall send duly certified copies of this Treaty to the Governments of the States Signatories and acceding States.

4. This Treaty shall be registered by the Depositary pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

ARTICLE XVII

AUTHENTIC TEXTS

This Treaty, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

ANNEX 1 TO THE TREATY

LIST OF STATES PURSUANT TO ARTICLE II, PARAGRAPH 28

Africa

Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Eastern Europe

Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Ukraine, Yugoslavia.

Latin America and the Caribbean

Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Middle East and South Asia

Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Maldives, Oman, Nepal, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Yemen.

North America and Western Europe

Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America.

South East Asia, the Pacific and the Far East

Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Fiji, Indonesia, Japan, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Mongolia, Myanmar, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Viet Nam.

ANNEX 2 TO THE TREATY

LIST OF STATES PURSUANT TO ARTICLE XIV

List of States members of the Conference on Disarmament as at 18 June 1996 which formally participated in the work of the 1996 session of the Conference and which appear in Table 1 of the International Atomic Energy Agency's April 1996 edition of “Nuclear Power Reactors in the World, and of States members of the Conference on Disarmament as at 18 June 1996 which formally participated in the work of the 1996 session of the Conference and which appear in Table 1 of the International Atomic Energy Agency's December 1995 edition of “Nuclear Research Reactors in the World:

Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Romania, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Viet Nam, Zaire.

PROTOCOL TO THE COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR TEST-BAN TREATY

PART I

THE INTERNATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEM AND

INTERNATIONAL DATA CENTRE FUNCTIONS

A. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1. The International Monitoring System shall comprise monitoring facilities as set out in Article IV, paragraph 16, and respective means of communication.

2. The monitoring facilities incorporated into the International Monitoring System shall consist of those facilities specified in Annex 1 to this Protocol. The International Monitoring System shall fulfil the technical and operational requirements specified in the relevant operational manuals.

3. The Organization, in accordance with Article II, shall, in cooperation and consultation with the States Parties, with other States, and with international organizations as appropriate, establish and coordinate the operation and maintenance, and any future agreed modification or development of the International Monitoring System.

4. In accordance with appropriate agreements or arrangements and procedures, a State Party or other State hosting or otherwise taking responsibility for International Monitoring System facilities and the Technical Secretariat shall agree and cooperate in establishing, operating, upgrading, financing, and maintaining monitoring facilities, related certified laboratories and respective means of communication within areas under its jurisdiction or control or elsewhere in conformity with international law. Such cooperation shall be in accordance with the security and authentication requirements and technical specifications contained in the relevant operational manuals. Such a State shall give the Technical Secretariat authority to access a monitoring facility for checking equipment and communication links, and shall agree to make the necessary changes in the equipment and the operational procedures to meet agreed requirements. The Technical Secretariat shall provide to such States appropriate technical assistance as is deemed by the Executive Council to be required for the proper functioning of the facility as part of the International Monitoring System.

5. Modalities for such cooperation between the Organization and States Parties or States hosting or otherwise taking responsibility for facilities of the International Monitoring System shall be set out in agreements or arrangements as appropriate in each case.

B. SEISMOLOGICAL MONITORING

6. Each State Party undertakes to cooperate in an international exchange of seismological data to assist in the verification of compliance with this Treaty. This cooperation shall include the establishment and operation of a global network of primary and auxiliary seismological monitoring stations. These stations shall provide data in accordance with agreed procedures to the International Data Centre.

7. The network of primary stations shall consist of the 50 stations specified in Table 1-A of Annex 1 to this Protocol. These stations shall fulfil the technical and operational requirements specified in the Operational Manual for Seismological Monitoring and the International Exchange of Seismological Data. Uninterrupted data from the primary stations shall be transmitted, directly or through a national data centre, on-line to the International Data Centre

8. To supplement the primary network, an auxiliary network of 120 stations shall provide information, directly or through a national data centre, to the International Data Centre upon request. The auxiliary stations to be used are listed in Table 1-B of Annex 1 to this Protocol. The auxiliary stations shall fulfil the technical and operational requirements specified in the Operational Manual for Seismological Monitoring and the International Exchange of Seismological Data. Data from the auxiliary stations may at any time be requested by the International Data Centre and shall be immediately available through on-line computer connections.

C. RADIONUCLIDE MONITORING

9. Each State Party undertakes to cooperate in an international exchange of data on radionuclides in the atmosphere to assist in the verification of compliance with this Treaty. This cooperation shall include the establishment and operation of a global network of radionuclide monitoring stations and certified laboratories. The network shall provide data in accordance with agreed procedures to the International Data Centre.

10. The network of stations to measure radionuclides in the atmosphere shall comprise an overall network of 80 stations, as specified in Table 2-A of Annex 1 to this Protocol. All stations shall be capable of monitoring for the presence of relevant particulate matter in the atmosphere. Forty of these stations shall also be capable of monitoring for the presence of relevant noble gases upon the entry into force of this Treaty. For this purpose the Conference, at its initial session, shall approve a recommendation by the Preparatory Commission as to which 40 stations from Table 2-A of Annex 1 to this Protocol shall be capable of noble gas monitoring. At its first regular annual session, the Conference shall consider and decide on a plan for implementing noble gas monitoring capability throughout the network. The Director-General shall prepare a report to the Conference on the modalities for such implementation. All monitoring stations shall fulfil the technical and operational requirements specified in the Operational Manual for Radionuclide Monitoring and the International Exchange of Radionuclide Data.

11. The network of radionuclide monitoring stations shall be supported by laboratories, which shall be certified by the Technical Secretariat in accordance with the relevant operational manual for the performance, on contract to the Organization and on a fee-for- service basis, of the analysis of samples from radionuclide monitoring stations. Laboratories specified in Table 2-B of Annex 1 to this Protocol, and appropriately equipped, shall, as required, also be drawn upon by the Technical Secretariat to perform additional analysis of samples from radionuclide monitoring stations. With the agreement of the Executive Council, further laboratories may be certified by the Technical Secretariat to perform the routine analysis of samples from manual monitoring stations where necessary. All certified laboratories shall provide the results of such analysis to the International Data Centre, and in so doing shall fulfil the technical and operational requirements specified in the Operational Manual on Radionuclide Monitoring and the International Exchange of Radionuclide Data.

D. HYDROACOUSTIC MONITORING

12. Each State Party undertakes to cooperate in an international exchange of hydroacoustic data to assist in the verification of compliance with this Treaty. This cooperation shall include the establishment and operation of a global network of hydroacoustic monitoring stations. These stations shall provide data in accordance with agreed procedures to the International Data Centre.

13. The network of hydroacoustic stations shall consist of the stations specified in Table 3 of Annex 1 to this Protocol, and shall comprise an overall network of six hydrophone and five T-phase stations. These stations shall fulfil the technical and operational requirements specified in the Operational Manual for Hydroacoustic Monitoring and the International Exchange of Hydroacoustic Data.

E. INFRASOUND MONITORING

14. Each State Party undertakes to cooperate in an international exchange of infrasound data to assist in the verification of compliance with this Treaty. This cooperation shall include the establishment and operation of a global network of infrasound monitoring stations. These stations shall provide data in accordance with agreed procedures to the International Data Centre.

15. The network of infrasound stations shall consist of the stations specified in Table 4 of Annex 1 to this Protocol, and shall comprise an overall network of 60 stations. These stations shall fulfil the technical and operational requirements specified in the Operational Manual for Infrasound Monitoring and the International Exchange of Infrasound Data.

F. INTERNATIONAL DATA CENTRE FUNCTIONS

16. The International Data Centre shall receive, collect, process, analyse, report on and archive data from International Monitoring System facilities, including the results of analysis conducted at certified laboratories.

17. The procedures and standard event screening criteria to be used by the International Data Centre in carrying out its agreed functions, in particular for the production of standard reporting products and for the performance of standard range of services for States Parties, shall be elaborated in the Operational Manual for the International Data Centre and shall be progressively developed. The procedures and criteria developed initially by the Preparatory Commission shall be approved by the Conference at its initial session.

International Data Centre Standard Products

18. The International Data Centre shall apply on a routine basis automatic processing methods and interactive human analysis to raw International Monitoring System data in order to produce and archive standard International Data Centre products on behalf of all States Parties. These products shall be provided at no cost to States Parties and shall be without prejudice to final judgements with regard to the nature of any event, which shall remain the responsibility of States Parties, and shall include:

a. Integrated lists of all signals detected by the International Monitoring System, as well as standard event lists and bulletins, including the values and associated uncertainties calculated for each event located by the International Data Centre, based on a set of standard parameters;

b. Standard screened event bulletins that result from the application to each event by the International Data Centre of standard event screening criteria, making use of the characterization parameters specified in Annex 2 to this Protocol, with the objective of characterizing, highlighting in the standard event bulletin, and thereby screening out, events considered to be consistent with natural phenomena or non-nuclear, man-made phenomena. The standard event bulletin shall indicate numerically for each event the degree to which that event meets or does not meet the event screening criteria. In applying standard event screening, the International Data Centre shall use both global and supplementary screening criteria to take account of regional variations where applicable. The International Data Centre shall progressively enhance its technical capabilities as experience is gained in the operation of the International Monitoring System;

c. Executive summaries, which summarize the data acquired and archived by the International Data Centre, the products of the International Data Centre, and the performance and operational status of the International Monitoring System and International Data Centre; and

d. Extracts or subsets of the standard International Data Centre products specified in sub- paragraphs (a) to (c), selected according to the request of an individual State Party.

19. The International Data Centre shall carry out, at no cost to States Parties, special studies to provide in-depth, technical review by expert analysis of data from the International Monitoring System, if requested by the Organization or by a State Party, to improve the estimated values for the standard signal and event parameters.

International Data Centre Services to States Parties

20. The International Data Centre shall provide States Parties with open, equal, timely and convenient access to all International Monitoring System data, raw or processed, all International Data Centre products, and all other International Monitoring System data in the archive of the International Data Centre or, through the International Data Centre, of International Monitoring System facilities. The methods for supporting data access and the provision of data shall include the following services:

(a) Automatic and regular forwarding to a State Party of the products of the International Data Centre or the selection by the State Party thereof, and, as requested, the selection by the State Party of International Monitoring System data;

(b) The provision of the data or products generated in response to ad hoc requests by States Parties for the retrieval from the International Data Centre and International Monitoring System facility archives of data and products, including interactive electronic access to the International Data Centre database; and

(c) Assisting individual States Parties, at their request and at no cost for reasonable efforts, with expert technical analysis of International Monitoring System data and other relevant data provided by the requesting State Party, in order to help the State Party concerned to identify the source of specific events. The output of any such technical analysis shall be considered a product of the requesting State Party, but shall be available to all States Parties.

The International Data Centre services specified in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) shall be made available at no cost to each State Party. The volumes and formats of data shall be set out in the Operational Manual for the International Data Centre.

National Event Screening

21. The International Data Centre shall, if requested by a State Party, apply to any of its standard products, on a regular and automatic basis, national event screening criteria established by that State Party, and provide the results of such analysis to that State Party. This service shall be undertaken at no cost to the requesting State Party. The output of such national event screening processes shall be considered a product of the requesting State Party.

Technical Assistance

22. The International Data Centre shall, where required, provide technical assistance to individual States Parties;

a. In formulating their requirements for selection and screening of data and products;

b. By installing at the International Data Centre, at no cost to a requesting State Party for reasonable efforts, computer algorithms or software provided by that State Party to compute new signal and event parameters that are not included in the Operational Manual for the International Data Centre, the output being considered products of the requesting State Party; and

c. By assisting States Parties to develop the capability to receive, process and analyse International Monitoring System data at a national data centre.

23. The International Data Centre shall continuously monitor and report on the operational status of the International Monitoring System facilities, of communications links, and of its own processing systems. It shall provide immediate notification to those responsible should the operational performance of any component fail to meet agreed levels set out in the relevant operational manual.

PART II

ON-SITE INSPECTIONS

A. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1. The procedures in this Part shall be implemented pursuant to the provisions for on-site inspections set out in Article IV.

2. The on-site inspection shall be carried out in the area where the event that triggered the on-site inspection request occurred.

3. The area of an on-site inspection shall be continuous and its size shall not exceed 1,000 square kilometres. There shall be no linear distance greater than 50 kilometres in any direction.

4. The duration of an on-site inspection shall not exceed 60 days from the date of the approval of the on-site inspection request in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 46, but may be extended by a maximum of 70 days in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 49.

5. If the inspection area specified in the inspection mandate extends to the territory or other place under the jurisdiction or control of more than one State Party, the provisions on on-site inspections shall, as appropriate, apply to each of the States Parties to which the inspection area extends.

6. In cases where the inspection area is under the jurisdiction or control of the inspected State Party but is located on the territory of another State Party or where the access from the point of entry to the inspection area requires transit through the territory of a State Party other than the inspected State Party, the inspected State Party shall exercise the rights and fulfil the obligations concerning such inspections in accordance with this Protocol. In such a case, the State Party on whose territory the inspection area is located shall facilitate the inspection and shall provide for the necessary support to enable the inspection team to carry out its tasks in a timely and effective manner. States Parties through whose territory transit is required to reach the inspection area shall facilitate such transit.

7. In cases where the inspection area is under the jurisdiction or control of the inspected State Party but is located on the territory of a State not Party to this Treaty, the inspected State Party shall take all necessary measures to ensure that the inspection can be carried out in accordance with this Protocol. A State Party that has under its jurisdiction or control one or more areas on the territory of a State not Party to this Treaty shall take all necessary measures to ensure acceptance by the State on whose territory the inspection area is located of inspectors and inspection assistants designated to that State Party. If an inspected State Party is unable to ensure access, it shall demonstrate that it took all necessary measures to ensure access.

8. In cases where the inspection area is located on the territory of a State Party but is under the jurisdiction or control of a State not Party to this Treaty, the State Party shall take all necessary measures required of an inspected State Party and a State Party on whose territory the inspection area is located, without prejudice to the rules and practices of international law, to ensure that the on-site inspection can be carried out in accordance with this Protocol. If the State Party is unable to ensure access to the inspection area, it shall demonstrate that it took all necessary measures to ensure access, without prejudice to the rules and practices of international law.

9. The size of the inspection team shall be kept to the minimum necessary for the proper fulfilment of the inspection mandate. The total number of members of the inspection team present on the territory of the inspected State Party at any given time, except during the conduct of drilling, shall not exceed 40 persons. No national of the requesting State Party or the inspected State Party shall be a member of the inspection team.

10. The Director-General shall determine the size of the inspection team and select its members from the list of inspectors and inspection assistants, taking into account the circumstances of a particular request.

11. The inspected State Party shall provide for or arrange the amenities necessary for the inspection team, such as communication means, interpretation services, transportation, working space, lodging, meals, and medical care.

12. The inspected State Party shall be reimbursed by the Organization, in reasonably short period of time after conclusion of the inspection, for all expenses, including those mentioned in paragraphs 11 and 49, related to the stay and functional activities of the inspection team on the territory of the inspected State Party.

13. Procedures for the implementation of on-site inspections shall be detailed in the Operational Manual for On-Site Inspections.

B. STANDING ARRANGEMENTS

Designation of Inspectors and Inspection Assistants

14. An inspection team may consist of inspectors and inspection assistants. An on-site inspection shall only be carried out by qualified inspectors specially designated for this function. They may be assisted by specially designated inspection assistants, such as technical and administrative personnel, aircrew and interpreters.

15. Inspectors and inspection assistants shall be nominated for designation by the States Parties or, in case of staff of the Technical Secretariat, by the Director-General, on the basis of their expertise and experience relevant to the purpose and functions of on-site inspections. The nominees shall be approved in advance by the States Parties in accordance with paragraph 18.

16. Each State Party, no later than 30 days after the entry into force of this Treaty for it, shall notify the Director-General of the names, dates of birth, sex, ranks, qualifications and professional experience of the persons proposed by the State Party for designation as inspectors and inspection assistants.

17. No later than 60 days after the entry into force of this Treaty, the Technical Secretariat shall communicate in writing to all States Parties an initial list of the names, nationalities, dates of birth, sex and ranks of the inspectors and inspection assistants proposed for designation by the Director-General and the States Parties, as well as a description of their qualifications and professional experience.

18. Each State Party shall immediately acknowledge receipt of the initial list of inspectors and inspection assistants proposed for designation. Any inspector or inspection assistant included in this list shall be regarded as accepted unless a State Party, no later than 30 days after acknowledgment of receipt of the list, declares its non-acceptance in writing. The State Party may include the reason for the objection. In the case of non-acceptance, the proposed inspector or inspection assistant shall not undertake or participate in on-site inspection activities on the territory or in any other place under the jurisdiction or control of the State Party that has declared its non-acceptance. The Technical Secretariat shall immediately confirm receipt of the notification of objection.

19. Whenever additions or changes to the list of inspectors and inspection assistants are proposed by the Director-General or a State Party, replacement inspectors and inspection assistants shall be designated in the same manner as set forth with respect to the initial list. Each State Party shall promptly notify the Technical Secretariat if an inspector or inspection assistant nominated by it can no longer fulfil the duties of an inspector or inspection assistant.

20. The Technical Secretariat shall keep the list of inspectors and inspection assistants up to date and notify all States Parties of additions or changes to the list.

21. A State Party requesting an on-site inspection may propose that an inspector from the list of inspectors and inspection assistants serve as its observer in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 61.

22. Subject to paragraph 23, a State Party shall have the right at any time to object to an inspector or inspection assistant who has already been accepted. It shall notify the Technical Secretariat of its objection in writing and may include the reason for the objection. Such objection shall come into effect 30 days after receipt of the notification by the Technical Secretariat. The Technical Secretariat shall immediately confirm receipt of the notification of the objection and inform the objecting and nominating States Parties of the date on which the inspector or inspection assistant shall cease to be designated for that State Party.

23. A State Party that has been notified of an inspection shall not seek the removal from the inspection team of any of the inspectors or inspection assistants named in the inspection mandate.

24. The number of inspectors and inspection assistants accepted by a State Party must be sufficient to allow for availability of appropriate numbers of inspectors and inspection assistants. If, in the opinion of the Director-General, the non-acceptance by a State Party of proposed inspectors or inspection assistants impedes the designation of a sufficient number of inspectors and inspection assistants or otherwise hampers the effective fulfilment of the purposes of an on-site inspection, the Director-General shall refer the issue to the Executive Council.

25. Each inspector included in the list of inspectors and inspection assistants shall receive relevant training. Such training shall be provided by the Technical Secretariat pursuant to the procedures specified in the Operational Manual for On-Site Inspections. The Technical Secretariat shall co-ordinate, in agreement with the States Parties, a schedule of training for the inspectors.

Privileges and Immunities

26. Following acceptance of the initial list of inspectors and inspection assistants as provided for in paragraph 18 or as subsequently altered in accordance with paragraph 19, each State Party shall be obliged to issue, in accordance with its national procedures and upon application by an inspector or inspection assistant, multiple entry/exit and/or transit visas and other relevant documents to enable each inspector and inspection assistant to enter and to remain on the territory of that State Party for the sole purpose of carrying out inspection activities. Each State Party shall issue the necessary visa or travel documents for this purpose no later than 48 hours after receipt of the application or immediately upon arrival of the inspection team at the point of entry on the territory of the State Party. Such documents shall be valid for as long as is necessary to enable the inspector or inspection assistant to remain on the territory of the inspected State Party for the sole purpose of carrying out the inspection activities.

27. To exercise their functions effectively, members of the inspection team shall be accorded privileges and immunities as set forth in sub-paragraphs (a) to (i). Privileges and immunities shall be granted to members of the inspection team for the sake of this Treaty and not for the personal benefit of the individuals themselves. Such privileges and immunities shall be accorded to them for the entire period between arrival on and departure from the territory of the inspected State Party, and thereafter with respect to acts previously performed in the exercise of their official functions.

(a) The members of the inspection team shall be accorded the inviolability enjoyed by diplomatic agents pursuant to Article 29 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 18 April 1961;

(b) The living quarters and office premises occupied by the inspection team carrying out inspection activities pursuant to this Treaty shall be accorded the inviolability and protection accorded to the premises of diplomatic agents pursuant to Article 30, paragraph 1, of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations;

(c) The papers and correspondence, including records, of the inspection team shall enjoy the inviolability accorded to all papers and correspondence of diplomatic agents pursuant to Article 30, paragraph 2, of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. The inspection team shall have the right to use codes for their communications with the Technical Secretariat;

(d) Samples and approved equipment carried by members of the inspection team shall be inviolable subject to provisions contained in this Treaty and exempt from all customs duties. Hazardous samples shall be transported in accordance with relevant regulations;

(e) The members of the inspection team shall be accorded the immunities accorded to diplomatic agents pursuant to Article 31, paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations;

(f) The members of the inspection team carrying out prescribed activities pursuant to this Treaty shall be accorded the exemption from dues and taxes accorded to diplomatic agents pursuant to Article 34 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations;

(g) The members of the inspection team shall be permitted to bring into the territory of the inspected State Party, without payment of any customs duties or related charges, articles for personal use, with the exception of articles the import or export of which is prohibited by law or controlled by quarantine regulations;

(h) The members of the inspection team shall be accorded the same currency and exchange facilities as are accorded to representatives of foreign Governments on temporary official missions; and

(i) The members of the inspection team shall not engage in any professional or commercial activity for personal profit on the territory of the inspected State Party.

28. When transiting the territory of States Parties other than the inspected State Party, the members of the inspection team shall be accorded the privileges and immunities enjoyed by diplomatic agents pursuant to Article 40, paragraph 1, of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Papers and correspondence, including records, and samples and approved equipment carried by them, shall be accorded the privileges and immunities set forth in paragraph 27 (c) and (d).

29. Without prejudice to their privileges and immunities the members of the inspection team shall be obliged to respect the laws and regulations of the inspected State Party and, to the extent that is consistent with the inspection mandate, shall be obliged not to interfere in the internal affairs of that State. If the inspected State Party considers that there has been an abuse of privileges and immunities specified in this Protocol, consultations shall be held between the State Party and the Director-General to determine whether such an abuse has occurred and, if so determined, to prevent a repetition of such an abuse.

30. The immunity from jurisdiction of members of the inspection team may be waived by the Director-General in those cases when the Director-General is of the opinion that immunity would impede the course of justice and that it can be waived without prejudice to the implementation of the provisions of this Treaty. Waiver must always be express.

31. Observers shall be accorded the same privileges and immunities accorded to members of the inspection team pursuant to this section, except for those accorded pursuant to paragraph 27 (d).

Points of Entry

32. Each State Party shall designate its points of entry and shall supply the required information to the Technical Secretariat no later than 30 days after this Treaty enters into force for it. These points of entry shall be such that the inspection team can reach any inspection area from at least one point of entry within 24 hours. Locations of points of entry shall be provided to all States Parties by the Technical Secretariat. Points of entry may also serve as points of exit.

33. Each State Party may change the points of entry by giving notice of such change to the Technical Secretariat. Changes shall become effective 30 days after the Technical Secretariat receives such notification, to allow appropriate notification to all States Parties.

34. If the Technical Secretariat considers that there are insufficient points of entry for the timely conduct of inspections or that changes to the points of entry proposed by a State Party would hamper such timely conduct of inspections, it shall enter into consultations with the State Party concerned to resolve the problem.

Arrangements for Use of Non-Scheduled Aircraft

35. Where timely travel to the point of entry is not feasible using scheduled commercial flights, an inspection team may utilize non-scheduled aircraft. No later than 30 days after this Treaty enters into force for it, each State Party shall inform the Technical Secretariat of the standing diplomatic clearance number for non-scheduled aircraft transporting an inspection team and equipment necessary for inspection. Aircraft routings shall be along established international airways that are agreed upon between the State Party and the Technical Secretariat as the basis for such diplomatic clearance.

Approved Inspection Equipment

36. The Conference, at its initial session, shall consider and approve a list of equipment for use during on-site inspections. Each State Party may submit proposals for the inclusion of equipment in the list. Specifications for the use of the equipment, as detailed in the Operational Manual for On-Site Inspections, shall take account of safety and confidentiality considerations where such equipment is likely to be used.

37. The equipment for use during on-site inspections shall consist of core equipment for the inspection activities and techniques specified in paragraph 69 and auxiliary equipment necessary for the effective and timely conduct of on-site inspections.

38. The Technical Secretariat shall ensure that all types of approved equipment are available for on-site inspections when required. When required for an on-site inspection, the Technical Secretariat shall duly certify that the equipment has been calibrated, maintained and protected. To facilitate the checking of the equipment at the point of entry by the inspected State Party, the Technical Secretariat shall provide documentation and attach seals to authenticate the certification.

39. Any permanently held equipment shall be in the custody of the Technical Secretariat. The Technical Secretariat shall be responsible for the maintenance and calibration of such equipment.

40. As appropriate, the Technical Secretariat shall make arrangements with States Parties to provide equipment mentioned in the list. Such States Parties shall be responsible for the maintenance and calibration of such equipment.

C. ON-SITE INSPECTION REQUEST, INSPECTION MANDATE

AND NOTIFICATION OF INSPECTION

On-Site Inspection Request

41. Pursuant to Article IV, paragraph 37, the on-site inspection request shall contain at least the following information:

a. The estimated geographical and vertical coordinates of the location of the event that triggered the request with an indication of the possible margin of error;

b. The proposed boundaries of the area to be inspected, specified on a map and in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3;

c. The State Party or States Parties to be inspected or an indication that the area to be inspected or part thereof is beyond the jurisdiction or control of any State;

d. The probable environment of the event that triggered the request;

e. The estimated time of the event that triggered the request with indication of the possible margin of error;

f. All data upon which the request is based;

g. The personal details of the proposed observer, if any; and

h. The results of a consultation and clarification process in accordance with Article IV, or an explanation, if relevant, of the reasons why such a consultation and clarification process has not been carried out.

Inspection Mandate

42. The mandate for an on-site inspection shall contain:

(a) The decision of the Executive Council on the on-site inspection request;

(b) The name of the State Party or States Parties to be inspected or an indication that the inspection area or part thereof is beyond the jurisdiction or control of any State;

(c) The location and boundaries of the inspection area specified on a map, taking into account all information on which the request was based and all other available technical information, in consultation with the requesting State Party;

(d) The planned types of activity of the inspection team in the inspection area;

(e) The point of entry to be used by the inspection team;

(f) Any transit or basing points, as appropriate;

(g) The name of the head of the inspection team;

(h) The names of members of the inspection team;

(i) The name of the proposed observer, if any; and

(j) The list of equipment to be used in the inspection area.

If a decision by the Executive Council pursuant to Article IV, paragraphs 46 to 49 necessitates a modification of the inspection mandate, the Director-General may update the mandate with respect to sub-paragraphs (d), (h) and (j), as appropriate. The Director-General shall immediately notify the inspected State Party of any such modification.

Notification of Inspection

43. The notification made by the Director-General pursuant to Article IV, paragraph 55 shall include the following information:

a. The inspection mandate;

b. The date and estimated time of arrival of the inspection team at the point of entry;

c. The means of arrival at the point of entry;

d. If appropriate, the standing diplomatic clearance number for non-scheduled aircraft; and

e. A list of any equipment which the Director-General requests the inspected State Party to make available to the inspection team for use in the inspection area.

44. The inspected State Party shall acknowledge receipt of the notification by the Director-General no later than 12 hours after having received the notification.

D. PRE-INSPECTION ACTIVITIES

Entry Into the Territory of the Inspected State Party, Activities at the Point of Entry and Transfer to the Inspection Area

45. The inspected State Party that has been notified of the arrival of the inspection team shall ensure the immediate entry of the inspection team into its territory.

46. When a non-scheduled aircraft is used for travel to the point of entry, the Technical Secretariat shall provide the inspected State Party with a flight plan, through the National Authority, for the flight of the aircraft from the last airfield prior to entering the airspace of that State Party to the point of entry, no less than six hours before the scheduled departure time from that airfield. Such a plan shall be filed in accordance with the procedures of the International Civil Aviation Organization applicable to civil aircraft. The Technical Secretariat shall include in the remarks section of the flight plan the standing diplomatic clearance number and the appropriate notation identifying the aircraft as an inspection aircraft. If a military aircraft is used, the Technical Secretariat shall request prior authorization from the inspected State Party to enter its airspace.

47. No less than three hours before the scheduled departure of the inspection team from the last airfield prior to entering the airspace of the inspected State Party, the inspected State Party shall ensure that the flight plan filed in accordance with paragraph 46 is approved, so that the inspection team may arrive at the point of entry by the estimated arrival time.

48. Where necessary, the head of the inspection team and the representative of the inspected State Party shall agree on a basing point and a flight plan from the point of entry to the basing point and, if necessary, to the inspection area.

49. The inspected State Party shall provide for or arrange parking, security protection, servicing and fuel as required by the Technical Secretariat for the aircraft of the inspection team at the point of entry and, where necessary, at the basing point and at the inspection area. Such aircraft shall not be liable for landing fees, departure tax, and similar charges. This paragraph shall also apply to aircraft used for overflight during the on-site inspection.

50. Subject to paragraph 51, there shall be no restriction by the inspected State Party on the inspection team bringing approved equipment that is in conformity with the inspection mandate into the territory of that State Party, or on its use in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty and this Protocol.

51. The inspected State Party shall have the right, without prejudice to the time-frame specified in paragraph 54, to check in the presence of inspection team members at the point of entry that the equipment has been approved and certified in accordance with paragraph 38. The inspected State Party may exclude equipment that is not in conformity with the inspection mandate or that has not been approved and certified in accordance with paragraph 38.

52. Immediately upon arrival at the point of entry and without prejudice to the time-frame specified in paragraph 54, the head of the inspection team shall present to the representative of the inspected State Party the inspection mandate and an initial inspection plan prepared by the inspection team specifying the activities to be carried out by it. The inspection team shall be briefed by representatives of the inspected State Party with aid of maps and other documentation as appropriate. The briefing shall include relevant natural terrain features, safety and confidentiality issues, and logistical arrangements for the inspection. The inspected State Party may indicate locations within the inspection area that, in its view, are not related to the purpose of the inspection.

53. After the pre-inspection briefing, the inspection team shall, as appropriate, modify the initial inspection plan, taking into account any comments by the inspected State Party. The modified inspection plan shall be made available to the representative of the inspected State Party.

54. The inspected State Party shall do everything in its power to provide assistance and to ensure the safe conduct of the inspection team, the approved equipment specified in paragraphs 50 and 51 and baggage from the point of entry to the inspection area no later than 36 hours after arrival at the point of entry, if no other timing has been agreed upon within the time-frame specified in paragraph 57.

55. To confirm that the area to which the inspection team has been transported corresponds to the inspection area specified in the inspection mandate, the inspection team shall have the right to use approved location-finding equipment. The inspected State Party shall assist the inspection team in this task.

E. CONDUCT OF INSPECTIONS

General Rules

56. The inspection team shall discharge its functions in accordance with the provisions for the Treaty and this Protocol.

57. The inspection team shall begin its inspection activities in the inspection area as soon as possible, but in no case later than 72 house after arrival at the point of entry.

58. The activities of the inspection team shall be so arranged as to ensure the timely and effective discharge of its functions and the least possible inconvenience to the inspected State Party and disturbance to the inspection area.

59. In cases where the inspected State Party has been requested, pursuant to paragraph 43 (e) or in the course of the inspection, to make available any equipment for use by the inspection team in the inspection area, the inspected State Party shall comply with the request to the extent it can.

60. During the on-site inspection the inspection team shall have, inter alia:

(a) The right to determine how the inspection will proceed, consistent with the inspection mandate and taking into account any steps taken by the inspected State Party consistent with the provisions on managed access;

(b) The right to modify the inspection plan, as necessary, to ensure the effective execution of the inspection;

(c) The obligation to take into account the recommendations and suggested modifications by the inspected State Party to the inspection plan;

(d) The right to request clarifications in connection with ambiguities that may arise during the inspection;

(e) The obligation to use only those techniques specified in paragraph 69 and to refrain from activities that are not relevant to the purpose of the inspection. The team shall collect and document such facts as are related to the purpose of the inspection, but shall neither seek nor document information that is clearly unrelated thereto. Any material collected and subsequently found not to be relevant shall be returned to the inspected State Party;

(f) The obligation to take into account and include in its report date and explanations on the nature of the event that triggered the request, provided by the inspected State Party from the national monitoring networks of the inspected State Party and from other sources;

(g) The obligation to provide the inspected State Party, at its request, with copies of the information and data collected in the inspection area; and

(h) The obligation to respect the confidentiality and the safety and health regulations of the inspected State Party.

61. During the on-site inspection the inspected State Party shall have, inter alia:

a. The right to make recommendations at any time to the inspection team regarding possible modification of the inspection plan;

b. The right and the obligation to provide a representative to liaise with the inspection team;

c. The right to have representatives accompany the inspection team during the performance of its duties and observe all inspection activities carried out by the inspection team. This shall not delay or otherwise hinder the inspection team in the exercise of its functions;

d. The right to provide additional information and to request the collection and documentation of additional facts it believes are relevant to the inspection;

e. The right to examine all photographic and measurement products as well as samples and to retain any photographs or parts thereof showing sensitive sites not related to the purpose of the inspection. The inspected State Party shall have the right to receive duplicate copies of all photographic and measurement products. The inspected State Party shall have the right to retain photographic originals and first-generation photographic products and to put photographs or parts thereof under joint seal within its territory. The inspected State Party shall have the right to provide its own camera operator to take still/video photographs as requested by the inspection team. Otherwise, these functions shall be performed by members of the inspection team;

f. The right to provide the inspection team, from its national monitoring networks and from other sources, with data and explanations on the nature of the event that triggered the request; and

g. The obligation to provide the inspection team with such clarification as may be necessary to resolve any ambiguities that arise during the inspection.

Communications

62. The members of the inspection team shall have the right at all times during the on-site inspection to communicate with each other and with the Technical Secretariat. For this purpose they may use their own duly approve and certified equipment with the consent of the inspected State Party to the extent that the inspected State Party does not provide them with access to other telecommunication.

Observer

63. In accordance with Article IV, paragraph 61, the requesting State Party shall liaise with the Technical Secretariat to coordinate the arrival of the observer at the same point of entry or basing point as the inspection team within a reasonable period of the arrival of the inspection team.

64. The observer shall have the right throughout the inspection to be in communication with the embassy of the requesting State Party located in the inspected State Party or, in the case of absence of an embassy, with the requesting State Party itself.

65. The observer shall have the right to arrive at the inspection area and to have access to and within the inspection area as granted by the inspected State Party.

66. The observer shall have the right to make recommendations to the inspection team throughout the inspection.

67. Throughout the inspection, the inspection team shall keep the observer informed about the conduct of the inspection and the findings.

68. Throughout the inspection, the inspected State Party shall provide or arrange for the amenities necessary for the observer similar to those enjoyed by the inspection team as described in paragraph 11. All costs in connection with the stay of the observer on the territory of the inspected State Party shall be borne by the requesting State Party.

Inspection Activities and Techniques

69. The following inspection activities may be conducted and techniques used, in accordance with the provisions on managed access, on collection, handling and analysis of samples, and on overflights:

(a) Position finding from the air and at the surface to confirm the boundaries of the inspection area and establish coordinates of locations therein, in support of the inspection activities;

(b) Visual observation, video and still photography and multi-spectral imaging, including infrared measurements, at and below the surface, and from the air, to search for anomalies or artifacts;

(c) Measurement of levels of radioactivity above, at and below the surface, using gamma radiation monitoring and energy resolution analysis from the air, and at or under the surface, to search for and identify radiation anomalies;

(d) Environmental sampling and analysis of solids, liquids and gases from above, at and below the surface to detect anomalies;

(e) Passive seismological monitoring for aftershocks to localize the search area and facilitate determination of the nature of an event;

(f) Resonance seismometry and active seismic surveys to search for and locate underground anomalies, including cavities and rubble zones;

(g) Magnetic and gravitational field mapping, ground penetrating radar and electrical conductivity measurements at the surface and from the air, as appropriate, to detect anomalies or artifacts; and

(h) Drilling to obtain radioactive samples.

70. Up to 25 days after the approval of the on-site inspection in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 46, the inspection team shall have the right to conduct any of the activities and use any of the techniques listed in paragraph 69 (a) to (e). Following the approval of the continuation of the inspection in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 47, the inspection team shall have the right to conduct any of the activities and use any of the techniques listed in paragraph 69 (a) to (e). The inspection team shall only conduct drilling after the approval of the Executive Council in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 48. If the inspection team requests an extension of the inspection duration in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 49, it shall indicate in its request which of the activities and techniques listed in paragraph 69 it intends to carry out in order to be able to fulfil its mandate.

Overflights

71. The inspection team shall have the right to conduct an overflight over the inspection area during the on-site inspection for the purposes of providing the inspection team with a general orientation of the inspection area, narrowing down and optimizing the locations for ground-based inspection and facilitating the collection of factual evidence, using equipment specified in paragraph 79.

72. The overflight shall be conducted as soon as practically possible. The total duration of the overflight over the inspection area shall be no more than 12 hours.

73. Additional overflights using equipment specified in paragraphs 79 and 80 may be conducted subject to the agreement of the inspected State Party.

74. The area to be covered by overflights shall not extend beyond the inspection area.

75. The inspected State Party shall have the right to impose restrictions or, in exceptional cases and with reasonable justification, prohibitions on the overflight of sensitive sites not related to the purpose of the inspection. Restrictions may relate to the flight altitude, the number of passes and circling, the duration of hovering, the type of aircraft, the number of inspectors on board, and the type of measurements or observations. If the inspection team considers that the restrictions or prohibitions on the overflight of sensitive sites may impede the fulfilment of its mandate, the inspected State Party shall make every reasonable effort to provide alternative means of inspection.

76. Overflights shall be conducted according to a flight plan duly filed and approved in accordance with aviation rules and regulations of the inspected State Party. Flight safety regulations of the inspected State Party shall be strictly observed throughout all flying operations.

77. During overflights landing should normally be authorized only for purposes of staging or refuelling.

78. Overflights shall be conducted at altitudes as requested by the inspection team consistent with the activities to be conducted, visibility conditions, as well as the aviation and the safety regulations of the inspected State Party and its right to protect sensitive information not related to the purposes of the inspection. Overflights shall be conducted up to a maximum altitude of 1,500 metres above the surface.

79. For the overflight conducted pursuant to paragraphs 71 and 72, the following equipment may be used on board the aircraft:

a. Field glasses;

b. Passive location-finding equipment;

c. Video cameras; and

d. Hand-held still cameras.

80. For any additional overflights conducted pursuant to paragraph 73, inspectors on board the aircraft may also use portable, easily installed equipment for:

(a) Multi-spectral (including infrared) imagery;

(b) Gamma spectroscopy; and

(c) Magnetic field mapping.

81. Overflights shall be conducted with a relatively slow fixed or rotary wing aircraft. The aircraft shall afford a broad, unobstructed view of the surface below.

82. The inspected State Party shall have the right to provide its own aircraft, pre-equipped as appropriate in accordance with the technical requirements of the relevant operational manual, and crew. Otherwise, the aircraft shall be provided or rented by the Technical Secretariat.

83. If the aircraft is provided or rented by the Technical Secretariat, the inspected State Party shall have the right to check the aircraft to ensure that it is equipped with approved inspection equipment. Such checking shall be completed within the time-frame specified in paragraph 57.

84. Personnel on board the aircraft shall consist of:

a. The minimum number of flight crew consistent with the safe operation of the aircraft;

b. Up to four members of the inspection team;

c. Up to two representatives of the inspected State Party;

d. An observer, if any, subject to the agreement of the inspected State Party; and

e. An interpreter, if necessary.

85. Procedures for the implementation of overflights shall be detailed in the Operational Manual for On-Site Inspections.

Managed Access

86. The inspection team shall have the right to access the inspection are in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty and this Protocol.

87. The inspected State Party shall provide access within the inspection area in accordance with the time-frame specified in paragraph 57.

88. Pursuant to Article IV, paragraph 57 and paragraph 86 above, the rights and obligations of the inspected State Party shall include:

(a) The right to take measures to protect sensitive installations an locations in accordance with this Protocol;

(b) The obligation, when access is restricted within the inspection area, to make every reasonable effort to satisfy the requirements of the inspection mandate through alternative means. Resolving any questions regarding one or more aspects of the inspection shall not delay or interfere with the conduct of the inspection team of other aspects of the inspection; and

(c) The right to make the final decision regarding any access of the inspection team, taking into account its obligations under this Treaty and the provisions on managed access.

89. Pursuant to Article IV, paragraph 57 (b) and paragraph 88 (a) above, the inspected State Party shall have the right throughout the inspection area to take measures to protect sensitive installations and locations and to prevent disclosure of confidential information not related to the purpose of the inspection. Such measures may include, inter alia:

a. Shrouding of sensitive displays, stores, and equipment;

b. Restricting measurements of radionuclide activity and nuclear radiation to determining the presence or absence of those types and energies of radiation relevant to the purpose of the inspection;

c. Restricting the taking of or analysing of samples to determining the presence or absence of radioactive or other products relevant to the purpose of the inspection;

d. Managing access to buildings and other structures in accordance with paragraphs 90 and 91; and

e. Declaring restricted-access sites in accordance with paragraphs 92 to 96.

90. Access to buildings and other structures shall be deferred until after the approval of the continuation of the on-site inspection in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 47, except for access to buildings and other structures housing the entrance to a mine, other excavations, or caverns of large volume not otherwise accessible. For such buildings and structures, the inspection team shall have the right only of transit, as directed by the inspected State Party, in order to enter such mines, caverns or other excavations.

91. If, following the approval of the continuation of the inspection in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 47, the inspection team demonstrates credibly to the inspected State Party that access to buildings and other structures is necessary to fulfil the inspection mandate and that the necessary activities authorized in the mandate could not be carried out from the outside, the inspection team shall have the right to gain access to such buildings or other structures. The head of the inspection team shall request access to a specific building or structure indicating the purpose of such access, the specific number of inspectors, as well as the intended activities. The modalities for access shall be subject to negotiation between the inspection team and the inspected State Party. The inspected State Party shall have the right to impose restrictions or, in exceptional cases and with reasonable justification, prohibitions, on the access to buildings and other structures.

92. When restricted-access sites are declared pursuant to paragraph 89 (e), each such site shall be no larger than 4 square kilometres. The inspected State Party has the right to declare up to 50 square kilometres of restricted-access sites. If more than one restricted-access site is declared, each such site shall be separated from any other such site by a minimum distance of 20 metres. Each restricted-access site shall have clearly defined and accessible boundaries.

93. The size, location, and boundaries of restricted-access sites shall be presented to the head of the inspection team no later than the time that the inspection team seeks access to a location that contains all or part of such a site.

94. The inspection team shall have the right to place equipment and take other steps necessary to conduct its inspection up to the boundary of a restricted-access site.

95. The inspection team shall be permitted to observe visually all open places within the restricted-access site from the boundary of the site.

96. The inspection team shall make every reasonable effort to fulfil the inspection mandate outside the declared restricted-access sites prior to requesting access to such sites. If at any time the inspection team demonstrates credibly to the inspected State Party that the necessary activities authorized in the mandate could not be carried out from the outside and that access to a restricted-access site is necessary to fulfil the mandate, some members of the inspection team shall be granted access to accomplish specific tasks within the site. The inspected State Party shall have the right to shroud or otherwise protect sensitive equipment, objects and materials not related to the purpose of the inspection. The number of inspectors shall be kept to the minimum necessary to complete the tasks related to the inspection. The modalities for such access shall be subject to negotiation between the inspection team and the inspected State Party.

Collection, Handling and Analysis of Samples

97. Subject to paragraphs 86 to 96 and 98 to 100, the inspection team shall have the right to collect and remove relevant samples from the inspection area.

98. Whenever possible, the inspection team shall analyse samples on-site. Representatives of the inspected State Party shall have the right to be present when samples are analysed on- site. At the request of the inspection team, the inspected State Party shall, in accordance with agreed procedures, provide assistance for the analysis of samples on-site. The inspection team shall have the right to transfer samples for off-site analysis at laboratories designated by the Organization only if it demonstrates that the necessary sample analysis cannot be performed on-site.

99. The inspected State Party shall have the right to retain portions of all samples collected when these samples are analysed and may take duplicate samples.

100. The inspected State Party shall have the right to request that any unused samples or portions thereof be returned.

101. The designated laboratories shall conduct chemical and physical analysis of the samples transferred for off-site analysis. Details of such analysis shall be elaborated in the Operational Manual for On-Site Inspections.

102. The Director-General shall have the primary responsibility for the security, integrity and preservation of samples and for ensuring that the confidentiality of samples transferred for off-site analysis is protected. The Director-General shall do so in accordance with procedures contained in the Operational Manual for On-Site Inspections. The Director- General shall in any case:

(a) Establish a stringent regime governing the collection, handling, transport and analysis of samples;

(b) Certify the laboratories designated to perform different types of analysis;

(c) Oversee the standardization of equipment and procedures at these designated laboratories and of mobile analytical equipment and procedures;

(d) Monitor quality control and overall standards in relation to the certification of these laboratories and in relation to mobile equipment and procedures; and

(e) Select from among the designated laboratories those which shall perform analytical or other functions in relation to specific investigations.

103. When off-site analysis is to be performed, samples shall be analysed in at least two designated laboratories. The Technical Secretariat shall ensure the expeditious processing of the analysis. The samples shall be accounted for by the Technical Secretariat and any unused samples or portions thereof shall be returned to the Technical Secretariat.

104. The Technical Secretariat shall compile the results of the laboratory analysis of samples relevant to the purpose of the inspection. Pursuant to Article IV, paragraph 63, the Director-General shall transmit any such results promptly to the inspected State Party for comments and thereafter to the Executive Council and to all other States Parties and shall include detailed information concerning the equipment and methodology employed by the designated laboratories.

Conduct of Inspections in Areas beyond the Jurisdiction or Control of any State

105. In case of an on-site inspection in an area beyond the jurisdiction or control of any State, the Director-General shall consult with the appropriate States Parties and agree on any transit or basing points to facilitate a speedy arrival of the inspection team in the inspection area.

106. The States Parties on whose territory transit or basing points are located shall, as far as possible, assist in facilitating the inspection, including transporting the inspection team, its baggage and equipment to the inspection area, as well as providing the relevant amenities specified in paragraph 11. The Organization shall reimburse assisting States Parties for all costs incurred.

107. Subject to the approval of the Executive Council, the Director-General may negotiate standing arrangements with States Parties to facilitate assistance in the event of an on-site inspection in an area beyond the jurisdiction or control of any State.

108. In cases where one or more States Parties have conducted an investigation of an ambiguous event in an area beyond the jurisdiction or control of any State before a request is made for an on-site inspection in that area, any results of such investigation may be taken into account by the Executive Council in its deliberations pursuant to Article IV.

Post-Inspection Procedures

109. Upon conclusion of the inspection, the inspection team shall meet with the representative of the inspected State Party to review the preliminary findings of the inspection team and to clarify any ambiguities. The inspection team shall provide the representative of the inspected State Party with its preliminary findings in written form according to a standardized format, together with a list of any samples and other material taken from the inspection area pursuant to paragraph 98. The document shall be signed by the head of the inspection team. In order to indicate that he or she has taken notice of the contents of the document, the representative of the inspected State Party shall countersign the document. The meeting shall be completed no later than 24 hours after the conclusion of the inspection.

Departure

110. Upon completion of the Post-inspection procedures, the inspection team and the observer shall leave, as soon as possible, the territory of the inspected State Party. The inspected State Party shall do everything in its power to provide assistance and to ensure the safe conduct of the inspection team, equipment and baggage to the point of exit. Unless agreed otherwise by the inspected State Party and the inspection team, the point of exit used shall be the same as the point of entry.

PART III

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES

1. Pursuant to Article IV, paragraph 68, each State Party shall, on a voluntary basis, provide the Technical Secretariat with notification of any chemical explosion using 300 tonnes or greater of TNT-equivalent blasting material detonated as a single explosion anywhere on its territory, or at any place under its jurisdiction or control. If possible, such notification shall be provided in advance. Such notification shall include details on location, time, quantity and type of explosive used, as well as on the configuration and intended purpose of the blast.

2. Each State Party shall, on a voluntary basis, as soon as possible after the entry into force of this Treaty provide to the Technical Secretariat, and at annual intervals thereafter update, information related to its national use of all other chemical explosions greater than 300 tonnes TNT-equivalent. In particular, the State Party shall seek to advise:

a. The geographic locations of sites where the explosions originate:

b. The nature of activities producing them and the general profile and frequency of such explosions;

c. Any other relevant detail, if available; and

to assist the Technical Secretariat in clarifying the origins of any such event detected by the International Monitoring System.

3. A State Party may, on a voluntary and mutually acceptable basis, invite representatives of the Technical Secretariat or of other States Parties to visit sites within its territory referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2.

4. For the purpose of calibrating the International Monitoring System, States Parties may liaise with the Technical Secretariat to carry out chemical calibration explosions or to provide relevant information on chemical explosions planned for other purposes.

ANNEX 1 TO THE PROTOCOL

Table 1-A

List of seismological stations comprising the primary network

Key:

3-C > array: indicates that the site could start operations in the International Monitoring System as a three-component station and be upgraded to an array at a later time.

Table 1-B

List of seismological stations comprising the auxiliary network

Table 2-A

List of radionuclide stations

Table 2-B

List of radionuclide laboratories

Table 3

List of hydroacoustic stations

Table 4

List of Infrasound Stations

ANNEX 2 TO THE PROTOCOL

List of Characterisation Parameters for International Data Centre Standard Event Screening

1. The International Data Centre standard event screening criteria shall be based on the standard event characterisation parameters determined during the combined processing of data from all the monitoring technologies in the International Monitoring System. Standard event screening shall make use of both global and supplementary screening criteria to take account of regional variations where applicable.

2. For events detected by the International Monitoring System seismic component, the following parameters, inter alia, may be used:

. location of the event;

. depth of the event;

. ratio of the magnitude of surface waves to body waves;

. signal frequency content;

. spectral ratios of phases;

. spectral scalloping;

. first motion of the P-wave;

. focal mechanism;

. relative excitation of seismic phases;

. comparative measures to other events and groups of events; and

. regional discriminants where applicable.

3. For events detected by the International Monitoring System hydroacoustic component, the following parameters, inter alia, may be used:

. signal frequency content including corner frequency, wide-band energy and mean centre frequency and bandwidth;

. frequency-dependent duration of signals;

. spectral ratio; and

. indications of bubble-pulse signals and bubble-pulse delay.

4. For events detected by the International Monitoring System infrasound component, the following parameters, inter alia, may be used:

. signal frequency content and dispersion;

. signal duration; and

. peak amplitude.

5. For events detected by the International Monitoring System radionuclide component, the following parameters, inter alia, may be used:

. concentration of background natural and man-made radionuclides;

. concentration of specific fission and activation products outside normal observations; and

. ratios of one specific fission and activation product to another.