E/e ' was nonlinearly related to AVPD ( R = -@ ; P < @ ) and s ' ( R = -@ ; P < @ ) and showed no relationship with mFS and SCmFS .


Longitudinal indexes were superior to circumferential ones in predicting e ' < @ cm/s , E/e ' < @ , and E/e ' @ .


The effect of LV geometry on LV diastolic function was evident among patients with preserved systolic longitudinal function , but was blunted among patients with impaired longitudinal function .


In multivariable analyses , only longitudinal indexes remained associated with e ' and E/e ' .


Analyses using strains provided similar results .


In asymptomatic hypertensive subjects , LV diastolic performance is independently associated with longitudinal systolic dysfunction , but not with circumferential systolic dysfunction .


Subtle longitudinal systolic impairment plays a role in mediating the effect of LV geometry on diastolic performance .


These findings may support the need of critically revising the concept of isolated diastolic dysfunction in these patients .


Multiple Sclerosis ( MS ) is a chronic and disabling disease resulting in disabilities in young and middle-aged persons .


In this study , researchers explored the effect of yoga techniques on physical activities and sexual function among some Iranian women with MS.


In this study , @ Iranian women with multiple sclerosis ( MS ) were placed in two equally divided control and case groups through random selection to assess pre-and post-effects of yoga exercises on their physical activities and sexual satisfaction levels .


Women in case group were offered a series of yoga training and exercises for @ months , which consisted of @ sessions per month for @ to @ minutes at each session .


Yoga training program included the @ principles of slow motions ( Hatayoga ) , respiratory exercises ( Pranayama ) and centralization to control mind via meditation , expansion and stasis ( Rajayoga ) .


After @ months both groups were surveyed using the initial questionnaire to evaluate and compare findings with the base-line data .


Researchers found significant statistical difference in physical activity and sexual satisfaction levels among the women in case group ( P = @ ) .


Women in case group showed improvement in physical ability while women in control group manifested exacerbated symptoms .


Yoga techniques may improve physical activities and sexual satisfaction function of women with MS.


To evaluate the safety and efficacy of antiplatelet therapy of ticagrelor on patients suffering from acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention .


In the study , @ patients suffering from acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction onset within @ h undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention from May to October in @ were randomly divided into ticagrelor group ( n = @ ) and clopidogrel group ( n = @ ) by using the method of random number table .


Ticagrelor and clopidogrel antiplatelet treatment were used before and after operation .


Their baseline data , coronary artery disease characteristics , platelet count , adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ) - induced platelet inhibition rate by thrombelastograph after @ days of treatment , the major adverse cardiovascular events of the follow up for @ months and bleeding complications were observed and compared in the two groups .


The differences between the two groups of patients with their baseline data , the features of coronary artery lesions , platelet count before and after @ days of treatment had no statistical significance ( P > @ ) .


ADP induced platelet inhibition rate -LSB- ( @ ) % -RSB- after @ days of treatment in ticagrelor group was significantly higher than that in clopidogrel group -LSB- ( @ ) % , P < @ -RSB- .


The two groups of patients were followed up for @ months , @ cases of major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in clopidogrel group , @ cases of major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in ticagrelor group , and there was significant difference between the two groups ( P < @ ) .


The two groups ( @ cases of @ patients in ticagrelor group vs. @ cases of @ patients in clopidogrel group ) had no statistically significant difference in bleeding complications ( P > @ ) .


Antiplatelet therapy of ticagrelor on patients suffering from acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing emergency PCI has good efficacy and safety .


To evaluate the image quality , radiation dose and diagnostic accuracy of @kVp , high-pitch CT pulmonary angiography ( CTPA ) with iterative reconstruction using @ ml of contrast agent .


One hundred patients with suspected pulmonary embolism ( PE ) were randomly divided into two groups ( n = @ each ; group A , @ kVp , @ pitch , @ ml of contrast medium and filtered back projection algorithm ; group B , @ kVp , @ pitch , @ ml of contrast medium and sinogram affirmed iterative reconstruction ) .


Image quality , diagnostic accuracy and radiation dose were evaluated and compared .


Mean CT numbers of pulmonary arteries in group B were higher than those in group A ( all P < @ ) .


Contrast-to-noise ratio and signal-to-noise ratio of group B were higher than those of group A ( both P < @ ) .


There was no significant difference in subjective image quality scores between two groups ( P = @ ) .


The interobserver agreement was excellent ( k = @ ) .


There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between the two groups ( P > @ ) .


Compared with group A , radiation dose of group B was reduced by @ % ( P < @ ) .


High-pitch CTPA at @ kVp can obtain sufficient image quality in normal-weight individuals with @ ml of contrast agent and half the radiation dose of a conventional CTPA protocol .


CTPA is feasible at @ kVp using only @ ml of contrast agent .


High-pitch CTPA at @ kVp has an effective dose under @ mSv .


This CTPA protocol can obtain sufficient image quality in normal-weight individuals .


Families express a need for guidance in helping their loved ones with anorexia nervosa ( AN ) .


Guided self-help interventions can offer support to caregivers .


One hundred seventy-eight adult AN patients and their caregivers were recruited from @ UK treatment centres .


Families were randomized to carers ' assessment , skills and information sharing ( C ) intervention + treatment as usual ( TAU ) or TAU alone .


Feedback forms were sent at @months post-discharge and , if not returned , at @months .


One hundred two ( @ % ) patient forms ( n = @TAU ; n = @C ) and @ ( @ % ) caregiver forms ( n = @TAU ; n = @C ) were returned .


Two researchers coded data blind , using thematic analysis .


( i ) Caregivers and patients express a need for post-discharge support .


( ii ) Patients identify helpful and unhelpful support strategies , useful for developing future interventions .


( iii ) Patients could identify positive caregiver behaviour changes targeted in intervention .


( iv ) Guided self-help may benefit caregiver and sufferer , post-discharge .


Caregiver interventions can be a useful tool that will improve the cost effectiveness of inpatient treatment by enhancing the well-being of caregivers and patients .


Cardiac mortality and electrophysiological dysfunction both increase with age .


Heart rate variability ( HRV ) provides indices of autonomic function and electrophysiology that are associated with cardiac risk .


How habitual physical activity among older adults prospectively relates to HRV , including nonlinear indices of erratic sinus patterns , is not established .


We hypothesized that increasing the levels of both total leisure-time activity and walking would be prospectively associated with more favorable time-domain , frequency-domain , and nonlinear HRV measures in older adults .


We evaluated serial longitudinal measures of both physical activity and @-hour Holter HRV over @ years among @ older US adults in the community-based Cardiovascular Health Study .


After multivariable adjustment , greater total leisure-time activity , walking distance , and walking pace were each prospectively associated with specific , more favorable HRV indices , including higher @-hour standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals ( Ptrend = @ , @ , @ , respectively ) and ultralow-frequency power ( Ptrend = @ , @ , @ , respectively ) .


Greater walking pace was also associated with a higher short-term fractal scaling exponent ( Ptrend = @ ) and lower Poincar ratio ( Ptrend = @ ) , markers of less erratic sinus patterns .


Greater total leisure-time activity , and walking alone , as well , were prospectively associated with more favorable and specific indices of autonomic function in older adults , including several suggestive of more normal circadian fluctuations and less erratic sinoatrial firing .


Our results suggest potential mechanisms that might contribute to lower cardiovascular mortality with habitual physical activity later in life .


Our aim was to compare anatomical and functional outcome between vaginal colposuspension and transvaginal mesh .


This was a prospective randomized controlled trial in a teaching hospital .


Sixty-eight women with stage @ anterior vaginal wall prolapse according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification ( POP-Q ) system were assessed , randomized , and analyzed .


Patients were randomized to anterior colporrhaphy with vaginal colposuspension ( n = @ ) or transvaginal mesh ( n = @ ) .


Primary outcome was objective cure rate of the anterior vaginal wall , defined as POP-Q @ at @years .


Secondary outcomes were functional results , quality-of-life ( QoL ) scores , mesh-related morbidity , and onset of urinary incontinence .


The anatomical result for point Ba was significantly better at @years in the mesh group ( -@ cm ) than in the colposuspension group ( -@ cm ) ( p = @ ) .


Concerning POP-Q stages , the anatomical success rate at @years was @ % for colposuspension and @ % for mesh ( p = @ ) .


There were @ anatomic recurrences ( @ % ) in the colposuspension group .


The erosion rate was @ % ( n = @ ) .


No significant difference was noted regarding minor complications .


Analysis of QoL questionnaires showed overall improvement in both groups , with no significant difference between them .


The vaginal colposuspension technique of anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair gave good anatomical and functional results at @years .


Transobturator vaginal mesh gave better @-year anatomical results than vaginal colposuspension , with overall improvement in QoL in both groups .


Clinical studies evaluating the effects of medications on - cell function in type @ diabetes ( T@DM ) are compromised by an inability to determine the actual baseline degree of - cell dysfunction independent of the reversible dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia ( glucotoxicity ) .


Short-term intensive insulin therapy ( IIT ) is a strategy for eliminating glucotoxicity before randomization .


This study determined whether liraglutide can preserve - cell function over @ weeks in early T@DM following initial elimination of glucotoxicity with IIT .


In this double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial , @ patients with T@DM of @ @ years ' duration and an A@C of @ @ % ( @ @ mmol/mol ) completed @ weeks of IIT before randomization to daily subcutaneous liraglutide or placebo injection , with serial assessment of - cell function by Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-@ ( ISSI-@ ) on oral glucose tolerance test performed every @ weeks .


The primary outcome of baseline-adjusted ISSI-@ at @ weeks was higher in the liraglutide group than in the placebo group ( @ @ vs. @ @ , P = @ ) .


Baseline-adjusted HbA@c at @ weeks was lower in the liraglutide group ( @ @ % vs. @ @ % , P = @ ) ( @ @ vs. @ @ mmol/mol ) .


At each quarterly assessment , > @ % of participants on liraglutide had an HbA@c @ % ( @ mmol/mol ) and glucose tolerance in the nondiabetic range .


Despite this level of glycemic control , no difference was found in the incidence of hypoglycemia between the liraglutide and placebo groups ( P = @ ) .


Two weeks after stopping treatment , however , the beneficial effect on ISSI-@ of liraglutide versus placebo was entirely lost ( @ @ vs. @ @ , P = @ ) .


Liraglutide provides robust enhancement of - cell function that is sustained over @ weeks in early T@DM but lost upon cessation of therapy .


To investigate the effectiveness of rectally administered indomethacin in the prophylaxis of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP ) pancreatitis and hyperamylasaemia in a multicentre study .


A prospective , randomised , placebo-controlled multicentre study in five endoscopic units was conducted on @ patients randomised to receive a suppository containing @ mg indomethacin , or an inert placebo , @-@ min before ERCP .


Post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasaemia were evaluated @ h following the procedure on the basis of clinical signs and laboratory parameters , and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging findings if required .


Twenty-one patients were excluded because of incompleteness of their data or because of protocol violation .


The results of @ investigations were evaluated : @ in the indomethacin group and @ in the placebo group .


The distributions of the risk factors in the two groups did not differ significantly .


Pancreatitis developed in @ patients ( @ % ) : it was mild in @ ( @ % ) and severe in eight ( @ % ) cases .


Hyperamylaesemia occurred in @ patients ( @ % ) .


There was no significant difference between the indomethacin and placebo groups in the incidence of either post-ERCP pancreatitis ( @ % vs @ % ) or hyperamylasaemia ( @ % vs @ % ) .


Similarly , subgroup analysis did not reveal any significant differences between the two groups .


@ mg rectal indomethacin administered before ERCP did not prove effective in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis .


We sought to determine the incidence of newly diagnosed diabetes in treated elderly hypertensive patients and the prognostic impact of diabetes on long-term survival .


The Second Australian National Blood Pressure ( ANBP@ ) study randomized @,@ hypertensive patients aged @-@ years to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( ACEI ) or thiazide diuretic-based therapy and followed them for a median of @ years .


Long-term survival was determined in @,@ patients over an additional median of @ years after ANBP@ ( post-trial ) .


After ANBP@ , the cohort was classified into preexisting ( @ % ) , newly diagnosed ( @ % ) , and no diabetes ( @ % ) groups .


A @ % higher incidence of newly diagnosed diabetes was observed in patients randomized to thiazide diuretic compared with ACEI-based treatment .


The other predictors of newly diagnosed diabetes were having a higher body mass index , having a higher random blood glucose , and living in a regional location compared to major cities ( a geographical classification based on accessibility ) at study entry .


After completion of ANBP@ , compared with those with no diabetes , the preexisting diabetes group experienced higher cardiovascular ( hazards ratio ( HR ) = @ ; @ % confidence interval ( CI ) = @-@ @ ) and all-cause mortality ( HR = @ ; @ % CI = @-@ @ ) when adjusted for age , sex , and treatment .


A similar pattern was observed after including the post-trial period for cardiovascular ( HR = @ ; @ % CI = @-@ @ ) and all-cause mortality ( HR = @ ; @ % CI = @-@ @ ) .


However , when the newly diagnosed group was compared with the no diabetes group , no significant difference was observed in cardiovascular ( HR = @ ; @ % CI = @-@ @ ) or all-cause mortality ( HR = @ ; @ % CI = @-@ @ ) either during the ANBP@ trial or including post-trial follow-up ( cardiovascular : HR = @ ; @ % CI = @-@ @ ; all-cause mortality : HR = @ ; @ % CI = @-@ @ ) .


Long-term presence of diabetes reduces survival .


Compared with thiazide diuretics , ACEI-based antihypertensives may delay the development of diabetes in those at risk and thus potentially improve cardiovascular outcome in the elderly .


Obesity is associated with a risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease .


The pharmacodynamic efficacy of proton pump inhibitors has not been specifically evaluated in obese subjects .


The aim of this study was to compare the antisecretory response to a single oral dose of @ mg rabeprazole , @ mg omeprazole and placebo in obese subjects .


Gastric pH was monitored for @ hours on three separate occasions in eighteen H. pylori-negative , asymptomatic obese subjects .


Subjects were given omeprazole , rabeprazole or placebo in a randomized order and in a double-blind fashion .


The main analysis criterion was @-h percent of time post dose with intragastric pH above @ ; secondary criteria were percentage of time above pH @ , median pH , -LSB- H + -RSB- concentrations and nocturnal acid breakthrough ( NAB ) .


Results were analyzed using linear mixed models and Wilks test comparing variances .


@-h median -LSB- IQ -RSB- percentages of time with gastric pH above @ and @ were higher with rabeprazole than omeprazole ( @ -LSB- @-@ -RSB- vs. @ -LSB- @-@ -RSB- % , @ -LSB- @-@ -RSB- % for placebo ) but the differences did not reach statistical significance ( p = @ and @ , respectively ) .


Median acid concentrations were significantly lower with rabeprazole than with omeprazole and placebo ( @ -LSB- @-@ -RSB- vs. @ -LSB- @-@ -RSB- and @ -LSB- @-@ -RSB- mmoles/l , p < @ ) for all periods .


The number of NAB was significantly lower with rabeprazole than with omeprazole ( median @ -LSB- @,@ -RSB- vs. @ -LSB- @-@ -RSB- , p = @ ) .


Variances of @-h data ( pH above @ and @ , median pH , -LSB- H + -RSB- concentrations ) were significantly lower with rabeprazole than with omeprazole ( p < @ ) .


In asymptomatic obese subjects the gastric antisecretory response to a single dose of rabeprazole and omeprazole was strong and not significantly different between drugs despite a significantly more homogeneous response with rabeprazole .


To study the effect of growth hormone ( GH ) treatment on ovarian and uterine morphology and function in short , prepubertal small-for-gestational-age ( SGA ) girls .


A multinational , randomized controlled trial on safety and efficacy of GH therapy in short , prepubertal children born SGA .


Not applicable .


A subgroup of @ Danish girls born SGA included in North European SGA Study ( NESGAS ) .


One year of GH treatment ( @ g/kg/day ) followed by @ years of randomized GH treatment ( @ g/kg/day , @ g/kg/day , or IGF-I titrated ) .


Data on anthropometrics , reproductive hormones , and ultrasonographic examination of the internal genitalia were collected during @ months of GH treatment .


Uterine and ovarian volume increased significantly during @ years of treatment ( @ % and @ % , respectively ) but remained low within normal reference ranges .


Ovarian follicles became visible in @ % after @ year compared with @ % before GH therapy .


Anti-Mllerian hormone increased significantly during the @ years of GH therapy but remained within the normal range .


Precocious puberty was observed in one girl ; another girl developed multicystic ovaries .


GH treatment was associated with statistically significant growth of the internal genitalia , but remained within the normal range .


As altered pubertal development and ovarian morphology were found in @ of @ girls , monitoring of puberty and ovarian function during GH therapy in SGA girls is prudent .


Altogether , the findings are reassuring .


However , long-term effects of GH treatment on adult reproductive function remain unknown .


To test the hypothesis that a brief , clinic-based , single-session programme will reduce the rate of @ selected condom use errors in a clinical sample of young black men ( YBM ) ages @ through @ years .


Data were collected in clinics treating patients with sexually transmitted infections ( STI ) in three southern US cities .


Males @-@years of age who identified as black/African-American , and reported recent ( past @months ) condom use were eligible .


Only those also reporting condom use in the @months prior to a @-month follow-up assessment ( n = @ ) were included in this secondary analysis of data from a randomised , controlled trial .


Difference scores were used to capture a GroupTime effect .


YBM reported @ condom use events in the @months preceding study enrolment and @ in the @months preceding the follow-up assessment .


Mean baseline error rates were @ and @ for young men randomised to the intervention and control conditions , respectively .


Follow-up rates were @ and @ for young men randomised to the intervention and control conditions , respectively .


Controlled findings yielded a significant effect for the influence of group assignment on the difference score ( baseline to follow-up ) in the condom use error rate ( = @ ; p = @ ) .


A brief , clinic-based counselling programme produced modest reductions in condom use errors among YBM attending STI clinics in the southern USA Intensified clinic-based intervention that helps YBM improve the quality of their condom use behaviours is warranted .


To provide evidence for Chinese medical treatment of children with EB virus infection by exploring its clinical efficacy from multiple angles .


Totally @ children patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group ( @ cases ) and the control group ( @ cases ) .


Patients in the treatment group took Chinese medical decoction , while those in the control received intravenous dripping of Ganciclovir and oral administration of pidotimod .


The treatment period for the two groups was @ weeks .


Patients were followed-up till the @th week .


Clinical symptoms such as fever , lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly , as well as lab indices such as abnormal lymphocyte percentage , EB virus antibody , virus DNA load , T cell subsets , immunoglobulin , and so on were observed before and after treatment , at week @ and @ of follow-ups .


( @ ) The total effective rate at week @ was @ % in the treatment group , higher than that of the control group ( @ % ) , but there was no statistical difference between the two groups .


( @ ) The time for defervescence , duration of pharyngeal hyperemia , duration of swollen tonsils was shorter in the treatment group than in the control group ( P < @ ) .


The subsidence of lymphadenopathy , hepatomegaly , and abnormal lymphocytes was better in the treatment group than in the control group ( P < @ ) .


( @ ) The positive cases of peripheral blood hetero-lymphocyte was significantly reduced after treatment , at week @ and @ of follow-ups both in the treatment group and the control group ( P < @ ) .


The expression of IgA and IgM decreased after treatment in the two groups when compared with before treatment in the same group ( P < @ , P < @ ) .


IgG in the treatment group also obviously decreased after treatment , at week @ and @ of follow-ups ( P < @ , P < @ ) , while it decreased only after treatment in the control group ( P < @ ) .


Activities of AST and ALT in the treatment group and the AST activity in the control group were markedly improved when compared with those before treatment ( P < @ ) .


Compared with the control group , the abnormal lymphocyte positive case number obviously decreased in the treatment group after treatment , at week @ and @ of follow-ups ( P < @ ) .


( @ ) After treatment , at week @ and @ of follow-ups , CD@ + and CD@ + significantly decreased ; CD@ + , CD@/CD@ , and B cells significantly increased in the two groups , when compared with before treatment ( P < @ ) .


NK cells significantly increased more in the treatment group after treatment , at week @ and @ of follow-ups , higher than before treatment as well as the control group ( P < @ ) .


( @ ) EB viral DNA and EB viral CA-IgM negative conversion case numbers significantly increased in the two groups after treatment , at week @ and @ of follow-ups ( P < @ ) .


Compared with the control group , EB viral DNA and EB viral CA-IgM negative conversion case numbers significantly increased in the treatment group after treatment and at week @ of follow-ups ( P < @ ) .


Treatment of EB virus infection by Chinese medical treatment was effective .


It could promote the recovery of EB viral infection , and reduce the risk of vicious disease after EB viral infection .


The primary objective was to compare the cosmetic outcomes of traumatic trunk and extremity lacerations repaired using absorbable versus nonabsorbable sutures .


The secondary objective was to compare complication rates between the two groups .


This was a randomized controlled trial comparing wounds repaired with Vicryl Rapide and Prolene sutures .


Pediatric and adult patients with lacerations were enrolled in the study .


At a @-day follow-up , the wounds were evaluated for infection and dehiscence .


After @ months , patients returned to have the wounds photographed .


Two plastic surgeons blinded to the method of closure rated the cosmetic outcome of each wound using a @-mm visual analog scale ( VAS ) .


Using a noninferiority design , a VAS score of @ mm or greater was considered to be a clinically significant difference .


We used a Student 's t-test to compare differences between mean VAS scores and odds ratios ( ORs ) to compare differences in complication rates between the two groups .


Of the @ patients enrolled , @ completed the study including @ in the Vicryl Rapide group and @ in the Prolene group .


The mean ( SD ) age of patients who completed the study was @ ( @ ) years , and @ were male .


We found no significant differences in the age , race , sex , length of wound , number of sutures , or layers of repair in the two groups .


The observer 's mean VAS for the Vicryl Rapide group was @ mm ( @ % confidence interval -LSB- CI -RSB- = @ to @ mm ) and for the Prolene group was @ mm ( @ % CI = @ to @ mm ) .


The resulting mean difference was @ mm ( @ % CI = -@ to @ mm ; p = @ ) ; thus noninferiority was established .


Statistical testing showed no differences in the rates of complications between the two groups , but a higher percentage of the Vicryl Rapide wounds developed complications .


The use of absorbable sutures for the repair of simple lacerations on the trunk and extremities should be considered as an alternative to nonabsorbable suture repair .


Aspirin early after intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke increases the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage ( SICH ) , without influencing functional outcome at @ months .


The effect of aspirin on early neurological deterioration ( END ) was explored as a post hoc analysis of the randomized Antiplatelet Therapy in Combination With Recombinant t-PA Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke ( ARTIS ) trial .


END , defined as a @ points National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale worsening @ hours after intravenous thrombolysis , was categorized into SICH ( ENDSICH ) and cerebral ischemia ( ENDCI ) .


Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the effect of aspirin on END .


Of the @ patients , @ patients ( @ % ) experienced END ( @ ENDSICH , @ ENDCI ) .


Aspirin increased the risk of ENDSICH ( odds ratio , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ) but not of ENDCI ( odds ratio , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ) .


After adjustment for other explanatory variables , the association between aspirin and ENDSICH remained significant .


In this trial , there is no evidence of an early antithrombotic effect from the addition of aspirin to intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke .


To compare the relative effectiveness of methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil for noninfectious intermediate uveitis , posterior uveitis , or panuveitis .


Multicenter , block-randomized , observer-masked clinical trial .


Eighty patients with noninfectious intermediate , posterior , or panuveitis requiring corticosteroid-sparing therapy at Aravind Eye Hospitals in Madurai and Coimbatore , India .


Patients were randomized to receive @ mg weekly oral methotrexate or @ g twice daily oral mycophenolate mofetil and were monitored monthly for @ months .


Oral prednisone and topical corticosteroids were tapered .


Masked examiners assessed the primary outcome of treatment success , defined by achieving the following at @ and @ months : ( @ ) @ + anterior chamber cells , @ + vitreous cells , @ + vitreous haze and no active retinal/choroidal lesions in both eyes , ( @ ) @ mg of prednisone and @ drops of prednisolone acetate @ % a day , and ( @ ) no declaration of treatment failure because of intolerability or safety .


Additional outcomes included time to sustained corticosteroid-sparing control of inflammation , change in best spectacle-corrected visual acuity , resolution of macular edema , adverse events , subgroup analysis by anatomic location , and medication adherence .


Forty-one patients were randomized to methotrexate and @ to mycophenolate mofetil .


A total of @ patients ( @ methotrexate , @ mycophenolate mofetil ) contributed to the primary outcome .


Sixty-nine percent of patients achieved treatment success with methotrexate and @ % with mycophenolate mofetil ( P = @ ) .


Treatment failure from adverse events or tolerability was not different by treatment arm ( P = @ ) .


There were no differences between treatment groups in time to corticosteroid-sparing control of inflammation ( P = @ ) , change in best spectacle-corrected visual acuity ( P = @ ) , or resolution of macular edema ( P = @ ) .


There was no statistically significant difference in corticosteroid-sparing control of inflammation between patients receiving methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil .


However , there was a @ % difference in treatment success favoring methotrexate .


The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis ( CF ) has increased dramatically over the last decade , and is now affecting approximately @ % of patients .


Epidemiologic evidence suggests that persistent infection with MRSA results in an increased rate of decline in FEV@ and shortened survival .


Currently , there are no conclusive studies demonstrating an effective and safe treatment protocol for persistent MRSA respiratory infection in CF.


The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a @-day course of vancomycin for inhalation in combination with oral antibiotics in eliminating MRSA from the respiratory tract of individuals with CF and persistent MRSA infection .


This is a two-center , randomized , double-blind , comparator-controlled , parallel-group study with @:@ assignment to either vancomycin for inhalation ( @mg twice a day ) or taste-matched placebo for @days in individuals with cystic fibrosis .


In addition , both groups will receive oral rifampin , a second oral antibiotic - trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole ( TMP/SMX ) or doxycycline , protocol determined - mupirocin intranasal cream , and chlorhexidine body washes .


Forty patients with persistent respiratory tract MRSA infection will be enrolled : @ will be randomized to vancomycin for inhalation and @ to a taste-matched placebo .


The primary outcome will be the presence of MRSA in sputum respiratory tract cultures @month after the conclusion of treatment .


Secondary outcomes include the efficacy of the intervention on : FEV@ % predicted , patient reported outcomes , pulmonary exacerbations , and MRSA colony-forming units found in respiratory tract sample culture .


Results of this study will provide guidance to clinicians regarding the safety and effectiveness of a targeted eradication strategy for persistent MRSA infection in CF.


There is a strong association between weight gain and metabolic events in patients with schizophrenia receiving many of the second-generation antipsychotic agents .


We explored the relationship between body mass index ( BMI ) and metabolic events in patients with schizophrenia receiving long-acting injectable paliperidone palmitate ( PP ) in a long-term trial .


We conducted a post hoc analysis of data from a PP study that included a @-week open-label transition ( TR ) and maintenance phase ; a variable duration , randomized , double-blind ( DB ) , placebo-controlled phase and a @-week open-label extension ( OLE ) phase .


Overall , @ patients received PP continuously from study entry through discontinuation or study completion and were grouped by baseline BMI ( kg/m@ ) : underweight ( BMI < @ ; n = @ , @ % ) , normal-weight ( BMI @ - < @ ; n = @ , @ % ) , overweight ( BMI @ - < @ ; n = @ , @ % ) and obese ( BMI @ ; n = @ , @ % ) .


Metabolic treatment-emergent adverse events ( TEAEs ) and changes in related laboratory results from TR baseline were analyzed .


PP exposure was similar across BMI groups ; overall mean ( SD ) dose/month was @ ( @ ) mg eq .


-LSB- @ ( @ ) mg -RSB- ; median duration of exposure was @ days ( @ to @ days ) .


Occurrences of metabolic TEAEs overall by group were @ % ( underweight ) , @ % ( normal-weight ) , @ % ( overweight ) , and @ % ( obese ) .


The most common ( @ % ) metabolic TEAE were weight gain and elevated blood levels of glucose , lipids , and insulin .


Mean BMI and weight increased in normal-weight and overweight groups at DB endpoint , and in underweight , normal-weight and overweight groups at OLE endpoint ( p @ ) .


No consistent trend for increased metabolic-related laboratory values by baseline BMI group was observed .


Homeostatic model assessments for insulin resistance indicated preexisting insulin resistance at baseline , with minimal changes at OLE endpoint across baseline BMI groups .


Occurrences of metabolic-related TEAEs trended with greater BMI status in patients with schizophrenia treated with PP ; consistent trends in metabolic-related laboratory values were not observed .


Fecal immunochemical tests ( FITs ) are recommended to screen average-risk adults for colorectal cancer ( CRC ) .


Little research has examined whether a two-sample FIT affects participant uptake , compared with a one-sample FIT .


Examining participant uptake is important , as evidence suggests that a two-sample FIT may increase the sensitivity to detect CRC .


This study had two objectives : ( i ) to evaluate FIT completion in a population that received either a one-sample FIT kit ( @-FIT ) or a two-sample FIT kit ( @-FIT ) and ( ii ) to understand whether uptake varies by age , sex , or receipt of prior CRC screening .


We conducted a randomized controlled trial in which @ participants who were aged between @ and @ years and were at an average risk for CRC , and who had requested FITs , randomly received @-FIT ( n = @ ) or @-FIT ( n = @ ) kits .


FIT completion was defined as the completion and return of a one-sample test by the patients in the @-FIT group or of both sample tests by those in the @-FIT group .


Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to determine the independent effect of group type ( @-FIT vs. @-FIT ) on the completion of the FIT , adjusting for age , sex , and receipt of prior CRC screening .


The @-FIT group had lower test completion rates ( hazard ratio = @ ; @ % confidence interval = @-@ @ ; P = @ ) after adjusting for age , sex , and receipt of prior CRC screening .


Participant uptake did not vary by age , sex , or receipt of prior CRC screening .


This unique , rigorous randomized controlled trial found that the @-FIT regimen decreases completion of FIT .


Further research is needed to understand whether decreases in participant uptake are offset by increased gains in test sensitivity .


Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of pazopanib , a multikinase angiogenesis inhibitor , in a single-arm , open-label , extension study ( VEG@/NCT@ ) for placebo-treated patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ) from a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled phase III study ( VEG@/NCT@ ) .


Patients received pazopanib @ mg/day .


The primary endpoint was the safety and tolerability of pazopanib treatment .


Secondary endpoints included response rate per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors , progression-free survival ( PFS ) , and overall survival ( OS ) .


Seventy-nine placebo-treated patients from VEG@/NCT@ who experienced disease progression and one pazopanib-treated patient ( an exemption ) were enrolled .


Forty-one patients ( @ % ) were treatment-naive ; @ ( @ % ) were cytokine-pretreated .


Median exposure to pazopanib was @ months .


All patients had discontinued pazopanib at the time of analysis .


The most common reason for discontinuation was disease progression ( @ % ) .


The most common adverse events were hypertension ( @ % ) , diarrhea ( @ % ) , hair color changes ( @ % ) , anorexia ( @ % ) , and nausea ( @ % ) .


The response rate was @ % -LSB- @ % confidence interval ( CI ) : @-@ @ -RSB- ; median PFS was @ months ( @ % CI : @-@ @ ) ; median OS was @ months ( @ % CI : @-@ @ ) .


Efficacy and safety profiles for pazopanib in this extension study of patients with RCC previously treated with placebo were very similar to those observed for pazopanib-treated patients in the pivotal phase III study .


An established multivariate serum protein test can be used to classify patients according to whether they are likely to have a good or poor outcome after treatment with EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors .


We assessed the predictive power of this test in the comparison of erlotinib and chemotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer .


From Feb @ , @ , to April @ , @ , patients ( aged @ years ) with histologically or cytologically confirmed , second-line , stage IIIB or IV non-small-cell lung cancer were enrolled in @ centres in Italy .


Patients were stratified according to a minimisation algorithm by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status , smoking history , centre , and masked pretreatment serum protein test classification , and randomly assigned centrally in a @:@ ratio to receive erlotinib ( @ mg/day , orally ) or chemotherapy ( pemetrexed @ mg/m ( @ ) , intravenously , every @ days , or docetaxel @ mg/m ( @ ) , intravenously , every @ days ) .


The proteomic test classification was masked for patients and investigators who gave treatments , and treatment allocation was masked for investigators who generated the proteomic classification .


The primary endpoint was overall survival and the primary hypothesis was the existence of a significant interaction between the serum protein test classification and treatment .


Analyses were done on the per-protocol population .


This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT@ .


@ patients were randomly assigned to chemotherapy and @ to erlotinib , and @ ( @ % ) and @ ( @ % ) , respectively , were included in the per-protocol analysis .


@ ( @ % ) patients in the chemotherapy group and @ ( @ % ) in the erlotinib group had a proteomic test classification of good .


Median overall survival was @ months ( @ % CI @-@ ) in the chemotherapy group and @ months ( @-@ ) in the erlotinib group .


We noted a significant interaction between treatment and proteomic classification ( pinteraction = @ when adjusted for stratification factors ; pinteraction = @ when unadjusted for stratification factors ) .


Patients with a proteomic test classification of poor had worse survival on erlotinib than on chemotherapy ( hazard ratio @ -LSB- @ % CI @-@ -RSB- , p = @ ) .


There was no significant difference in overall survival between treatments for patients with a proteomic test classification of good ( adjusted HR @ -LSB- @-@ -RSB- , p = @ ) .


In the group of patients who received chemotherapy , the most common grade @ or @ toxic effect was neutropenia ( @ -LSB- @ % -RSB- vs one -LSB- < @ % -RSB- in the erlotinib group ) , whereas skin toxicity ( one -LSB- < @ % -RSB- vs @ -LSB- @ % -RSB- ) was the most frequent in the erlotinib group .


Our findings indicate that serum protein test status is predictive of differential benefit in overall survival for erlotinib versus chemotherapy in the second-line setting .


Patients classified as likely to have a poor outcome have better outcomes on chemotherapy than on erlotinib .


This study was to evaluate the effect of intraoperative continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine on intraocular pressure ( IOP ) in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy ( RALRP ) in the steep Trendelenburg ( ST ) .


Sixty-eight patients were randomly divided into two groups .


The dexmedetomidine group ( Group D , n = @ ) received a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine at a rate of @ g kg ( -@ ) hour ( -@ ) from the induction of anesthesia until the end of the ST position , while the control group ( Group C , n = @ ) received an equal volume of physiologic saline at the same rate under conventional general anesthesia with sevoflurane and remifentanil .


IOP was measured at @ predefined time points for all patients .


Significant differences in IOP were detected between the two groups by a linear mixed model analysis ( p < @ ) .


The highest mean IOP was @ mm Hg in Group D and @ mm Hg in Group C ; both were measured @ minutes after the patients had been placed in the ST position .


No significant between-group differences in ocular perfusion pressure , mean blood pressure , or heart rate were observed between the two groups .


No ocular or other complications were noted .


Intraoperative continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine may help alleviate IOP increase in patients undergoing RALRP in the ST position .


Disruptive or challenging behavior problems pose a threat to children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers .


Psychopharmacological treatment is mostly studied with new-generation antipsychotics and has been criticized for adverse side effects .


This study examined the effect of the classic antipsychotic zuclopenthixol .


A total of @ boys ( ages @-@ @ years ) with learning disabilities were included and examined for a response to zuclopenthixol during a @ week period of open label treatment .


Doses started low and were adapted individually .


From responders , zuclopenthixol was randomly withdrawn for @ weeks .


Responses to withdrawal were observed by external raters using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale .


Of all patients included into the study , @ were not randomized because of insufficient therapeutic effect , adverse event , or noncompliance .


Kaplan-Meier estimations showed less aggressive behavior problems for the continuing subgroup ( n = @ ) than in the placebo group ( n = @ ) .


Individual doses stayed < @mg/day .


Zuclopenthixol proved to be effective in reducing challenging behavior in boys even at low doses .


The purpose of this multicenter , open label , randomized phase III study was to determine whether ixabepilone resulted in improved overall survival ( OS ) compared with commonly used single-agent chemotherapy ( doxorubicin or paclitaxel ) in women with locally advanced , recurrent , or metastatic endometrial cancer with at least one failed prior platinum-based chemotherapeutic regimen .


Patients were randomized @:@ to ixabepilone ( @mg/m ( @ ) ) , or either paclitaxel ( @mg/m ( @ ) ) or doxorubicin ( @mg/m ( @ ) ) , every @days .


Patients that had previously received an anthracycline were randomized to ixabepilone or paclitaxel ; all other patients were randomized to ixabepilone or doxorubicin .


An interim analysis of futility for OS was planned .


At the time of database lock , @ patients were randomized to receive ixabepilone ( n = @ ) or control ( n = @ ) ; nine patients in the control arm were not treated .


The interim analysis of futility for OS ( @ events ) favored the control chemotherapy arm ( hazard ratio = @ -LSB- @ % confidence interval : @-@ @ -RSB- , stratified log rank test P = @ ) , indicating that the study would not meet its primary objective .


The study was discontinued based on the interim OS results .


The frequency of adverse events was comparable between the treatment arms .


The study did not meet its primary objective of improving OS in the ixabepilone arm compared to the control chemotherapy arm .


A favorable risk/benefit ratio was not observed for ixabepilone versus control at the time of the interim analysis .


The safety results were consistent with the known safety profiles of ixabepilone and control .


To determine the impact of calcium and phosphorus on radiological and biochemical characteristics of osteopenia in premature infants .


The randomised clinical trial study was conducted at Valie-e-Asr Hospital of Zanjan city , Iran , from December @ to June @ .


It involved monitoring @ premature neonates over a period of six months .


The babies , who were fed with breast milk and @ units of vitamin D daily , were randomly divided into two equal groups .


One group received supplement of calcium and phosphorus .


Serum calcium , phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels as well as growth parameters ( including weight , height , and head circumference ) were measured every two weeks .


At the end of the study , wrist X-ray was done for evaluation of osteopenia .


Data was analysed using SPSS @ .


Radiological changes , characteristic of osteopenia , were found in @ ( @ % ) cases and @ ( @ % ) controls ( p < @ ) .


The mean of weight , length and head circumference increased significantly from second to sixth week during follow-up ( p < @ ) .


Phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased significantly from second to sixth week of follow-up ( p < @ , p < @ respectively ) .


However , repeated measurement analyses did not show significant effect of intervention in biochemical and growth parameters in the trial group .


The study did n't show significant effect of calcium and phosphorus on prevention of osteopenia and improvement of growth .


Further studies of longer duration and with different doses of supplement are recommended .


The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a @-month course of anti-inflammatory treatment with colchicinein improving functional status of patients with stable chronic heart failure ( CHF ) .


CHF has been shown to be associated with inflammatory activation .


Inflammation has been designated as a therapeutic target in CHF .


Patients with stable CHF were randomly assigned to colchicine ( @ mg twice daily ) or placebo for @ months .


Theprimary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving at least one-grade improvement in New York HeartAssociation class .


Two hundred sixty-seven patients were available for final evaluation of the primary endpoint : its rate was @ % in the control group and @ % in the colchicine group ( odds ratio : @ ; @ % confidence interval : @ to @ ; p = @ ) .


The rate of the composite of death or hospital stay for heart failure was @ % in the control group , compared with @ % in the colchicine group ( p = @ ) .


The changes in treadmill exercise time with treatment were insignificant and similar in the @ groups ( p = @ ) .


C-reactive protein and interleukin-@ were both significantly reduced in the colchicine group ( -@ mg/l and -@ pg/ml , respectively ; p < @ for both , compared with the control group ) .


According to this prospective , randomized study , anti-inflammatory treatment with colchicine in patients with stable CHF , although effective in reducing inflammation biomarker levels , did not affect in any significant way patient functional status ( in terms of New York Heart Association class and objective treadmill exercise tolerance ) or the likelihood of death or hospital stay for heart failure .


To examine the comparative antidepressant efficacy of S-adenosyl-L-methionine ( SAMe ) and escitalopram in a placebo-controlled , randomized , double-blind clinical trial .


One hundred eighty-nine outpatients ( @ % female , mean -LSB- SD -RSB- age = @ -LSB- @ -RSB- years ) with DSM-IV-diagnosed major depressive disorder ( MDD ) were recruited from April @ , @ , to December @ , @ , at the Massachusetts General Hospital and at Butler Hospital .


Patients were randomized for @ weeks to SAMe @,@-@ ,@ mg/d , escitalopram @-@ mg/d , or placebo .


Doses were escalated at @ weeks in the event of nonresponse .


The main outcome measure was the @-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( HDRS-@ ) .


Tolerability was assessed by the Systematic Assessment for Treatment of Emergent Events-Specific Inquiry ( SAFTEE-SI ) .


All @ treatment arms demonstrated a significant improvement of about @-@ points in HDRS-@ scores ( P < @ for all ) , and no significant differences were observed between the treatment arms ( P > @ for all ) .


Response rates in the intent-to-treat sample were @ % for SAMe , @ % for escitalopram , and @ % for placebo .


Remission rates were @ % for SAMe , @ % for escitalopram , and @ % for placebo .


No comparisons between treatment groups attained significance ( P > @ for all ) .


Tolerability was good , with gastrointestinal side effects ( @ % for stomach discomfort and @ % for diarrhea ) as the most common in the SAMe arm .


Significant differences were observed between treatment groups for dizziness , anorgasmia , diminished mental acuity , and hot flashes ( P < @ for all ) .


The results fail to support an advantage over placebo for either the investigational treatment SAMe or the standard treatment escitalopram for MDD .


Total weight loss induced by energy restriction is highly variable even under tightly controlled conditions .


Identifying weight-loss discriminants would provide a valuable weight management tool and insights into body weight regulation .


This study characterized responsiveness to energy restriction in adults from variables including the plasma metabolome , endocrine and inflammatory markers , clinical indices , body composition , diet , and physical activity .


Data were derived from a controlled feeding trial investigating the effect of @-@ dairy product servings in an energy-restricted diet ( @ kJ/d reduction ) over @ wk .


Partial least squares regression was used to identify weight-loss discriminants in @ overweight and obese adults .


Linear mixed models were developed to identify discriminant variable differences in high - vs. low-weight-loss responders .


Both pre - and postintervention variables ( n = @ ) were identified as weight-loss discriminants ( root mean squared error of prediction = @ kg ; Q ( @ ) = @ ) .


Compared with low-responders ( LR ) , high-responders ( HR ) had greater decreases in body weight ( LR : @ @ kg ; HR : @ @ kg , P < @ ) , BMI ( in kg/m ( @ ) ; LR : @ @ ; HR : @ @ , P < @ ) , and total fat ( LR : @ @ kg ; HR : @ @ kg , P < @ ) .


Significant group effects unaffected by the intervention were determined for the respiratory exchange ratio ( LR : @ @ ; HR : @ @ , P < @ ) , moderate physical activity ( LR : @ @ min ; HR : @ @ min , P = @ ) , sedentary activity ( LR : @ @ min ; HR : @ @ min , P = @ ) , and plasma stearate -LSB- LR : @,@ @,@ quantifier ion peak height ( QIPH ) ; HR : @,@ @,@ QIPH , P = @ -RSB- .


Overweight and obese individuals highly responsive to energy restriction had accelerated reductions in adiposity , likely supported in part by higher lipid mobilization and combustion .


A novel observation was that person-to-person differences in habitual physical activity and magnitude of weight loss were accompanied by unique blood metabolite signatures .


This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT@ .


Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm ( AAA ) has recently been made a class I indication in the treatment of AAA .


In comparison to the conventional open surgical treatment , endovascular AAA repair ( EVAR ) is associated with equivalent long-term morbidity and mortality rates .


Vascular surgeons perform majority of EVAR .


There are no reports for the long-term results of this intervention performed by interventional cardiologists .


We present one of the first reports of periprocedural and long-term outcomes of EVAR performed by interventional cardiologists .


Retrospective chart review on patients with attempted EVAR between September @ and January @ was performed .


Included cases were all consecutive patients who had attempted EVAR by interventional cardiologists .


During the study period EVAR was attempted in @ patients , with @ % being women .


The mean age was @ years ( range @-@ ) .


The endovascular graft placement was successful in @ % ( @/@ ) of patients .


Procedure failures were more common in women ( @ of @ vs @ of @ , P = @ ) .


The @-day mortality was @ % ( @ of @ ) .


In patients with successful EVAR the mean follow-up was @ months and mean length of hospital stay was @ days .


Major periprocedural complications were noted in @ % patients ( @ of @ ) .


During follow-up , six patients ( @ % ) required re-intervention and additional @ patients died with no aneurysm related deaths .


EVAR primarily performed by interventional cardiologists demonstrates high periprocedural and long-term success rates .


A higher EVAR failure rate has been observed in women .


Anorexia nervosa ( AN ) is a severe illness with high rates of relapse .


Exposure and Response Prevention for AN ( AN-EXRP ) is a new approach that specifically addresses maladaptive eating behavior by targeting eating-related fear and anxiety .


The aim of this study was to evaluate AN-EXRP as an adjunctive strategy to improve eating behavior during weight restoration , at a pivotal moment when treatment goals shift toward relapse prevention .


A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare AN-EXRP with a comparison condition , Cognitive Remediation Therapy ( CRT ) .


Hospitalized patients with AN ( n = @ ) who had achieved weight restoration to a BMI > @ kg/m ( @ ) received @ sessions of either AN-EXRP or CRT .


Outcome was assessed by change in caloric intake in an objective assessment of eating behavior .


The average test meal caloric intake of participants who received AN-EXRP increased from @ kcal at baseline to @ kcal post-treatment , while that of participants who received CRT decreased from @ kcal at baseline to @ kcal post-treatment -LSB- t ( @ ) = @ , p = @ -RSB- .


Improvement in intake was significantly associated with improvement in eating-related anxiety ( Spearman 's = @ , p = @ ) .


These data demonstrate that AN-EXRP , compared to a credible comparison intervention , is associated with better caloric intake in a laboratory meal over time in AN .


Additional studies are required to determine whether incorporation of these techniques into a longer treatment program leads to enduring and clinically significant change .


Aggressive behaviour in psychosis is not uncommon .


Community provision for people with psychosis has left informal caregivers to take on a greater role in their care .


However , few studies have explored links between patient-initiated violence in mental health caregiving relationships and caregiver functioning .


Our study investigated caregiver reports of aggressive acts committed by their relative with psychosis and their links to caregiver appraisals of the caregiving relationship and caregiver outcomes .


Caregivers of patients with a recent relapse of psychosis , recruited to a psychological therapy trial , completed the audiotaped Camberwell Family Interview at baseline .


This semi-structured interview includes questions on the quality of the relationship between caregiver and patient , and patient history of violence .


Seventy-two transcripts of interviews were assessed for reports of patient-initiated violence .


One-half of the caregiver sample ( @ % ) reported an incident of patient-initiated violence during their interview ; @ % of these involved violence toward themselves , and @ % toward property .


Reports of patient violence were associated with caregiver ratings of hostility expressed toward patients , lower self-esteem , and emotion-focused coping .


People caring on their own were more likely to report incidents of patient violence .


Younger patients , males , and inpatients were more frequently identified as having a history of this kind of violence .


Our findings suggested that caregiver reports of patient-initiated violence in psychosis are not uncommon .


Mental health staff need to be aware of the risks of such violence for caregivers of people with psychosis , and consider appropriate procedures for minimizing it .


Positive-pressure ventilation during transport of intubated patients is generally delivered via a hand-pressurized device .


Of these devices , self-inflating resuscitators ( SIR ) and flow-inflating resuscitators ( FIR ) constitute the two major types used .


Selection of a particular device for transport , however , remains largely an institutional practice .


To evaluate the hypothesis that transport ventilation goals of intubated pediatric patients are better achieved using an FIR compared to an SIR .


This randomized crossover simulation study compared the performance of SIR and FIR among anesthesia providers in a pediatric transport scenario .


Subjects hand-ventilated a test lung while simultaneously maneuvering a stretcher bed to simulate patient transport .


Hand ventilation was carried out using a Jackson-Rees circuit ( FIR ) and a Laerdal pediatric silicone resuscitator ( SIR ) .


The primary outcome was the proportion of total breaths delivered within the predefined target PIP/PEEP range ( @ + / - @ , @ + / - @ cm H@O ) .


Secondary outcomes included proportion of total breaths delivered with operationally defined unacceptable breath variables ( PIP > @ cm H@O or PEEP < @ cm H@O ) .


Overall , participants were four times more likely to deliver target breaths and one-third less likely to deliver unacceptable breaths using the FIR compared to the SIR .


When comparing device performance , a @ % increase in the proportions of target breaths and a @ % decrease in unacceptable breaths using the FIR were observed ( P < @ for both ) .


Hand ventilation during patient transport is superior using the FIR compared to the SIR to achieve target ventilatory goals and avoid unacceptable ventilatory cycles .


To examine efficacy of hysteroscopic removal of polyps and myomas on health-related quality of life and symptom severity at @-year postprocedure .


Randomized , prospective , comparative setting clinical trial ( Canadian Task Force classification II-@ ) .


Nine outpatient obstetrics and gynecology practices and hospitals in the United States .


Women @ to @years of age with polyps and/or type @ or I myomas @ and @ cm .


Treatment of polyps and fibroids with the MyoSure device .


A total of @ lesions ( @ polyps , @ myomas ) were removed .


Among the @ pathologies removed , @ were removed in an office setting ( @ myomas , @ polyps ) , and @ were removed in an ambulatory surgical center ( ASC ) setting ( @ myomas , @ polyps ) .


The mean percentage of pathology removed was @ % for fibroids and @ @ % for polyps .


Symptom severity as measured by the Uterine Fibroid Symptom-Quality of Life ( UFS-QOL ) scale improved significantly ( p < @ ) between baseline ( mean score of @ ) and @months postprocedure ( mean score of @ ) .


The Health-Related Quality of Life ( HRQOL ) scale also improved significantly ( p < @ ) between baseline ( mean score @ ) and @months postprocedure ( mean score of @ ) .


Both the office and ASC groups demonstrated a statistically significant ( p < @ ) improvement in UFS-QOL and HRQOL .


For women with intrauterine polyps and/or myomas who experienced abnormal uterine bleeding , hysteroscopic morcellation with the MyoSure device provided significant , durable health-related , quality-of-life improvements up to @months postprocedure .


These findings were the same for patients treated in both an office-based setting and ASCs .


To evaluate the effects of a home-monitoring device with tele-monitoring compared with standard care in detection of progression to choroidal neovascularization ( CNV ) associated with age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) , the leading cause of blindness in the US .


Participants , aged @ to @ years , at high risk of developing CNV associated with AMD were recruited to the HOme Monitoring of Eye ( HOME ) Study , an unmasked , multi-center , randomized trial of the ForeseeHome ( FH ) device plus standard care vs. standard care alone .


The FH device utilizes preferential hyperacuity perimetry and tele-monitoring to detect changes in vision function associated with development of CNV , potentially prior to symptom and visual acuity loss .


After establishing baseline measurements , subsequent changes on follow-up are detected by the device , causing the monitoring center to alert the clinical center to recall participants for an exam .


Standard care consists of instructions for self-monitoring visual changes with subsequent self-report to the clinical center .


The primary objective of this study is to determine whether home monitoring plus standard care in comparison with standard care alone , results in earlier detection of incident CNV with better present visual acuity .


The primary outcome is the decline in visual acuity at CNV diagnosis from baseline .


Detection of CNV prior to substantial vision loss is critical as vision outcome following anti-angiogenic therapy is dependent on the visual acuity at initiation of treatment .


HOME Study is the first large scale study to test the use of home tele-monitoring system in the management of AMD patients .


Avastin Biomarkers In lunG And @D Innovative anaLysis ( ABIGAIL ) , which is a phase II , open-label , randomized study , investigated correlations between biomarkers and best overall response to bevacizumab plus platinum-doublet chemotherapy for patients with advanced/recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer .


Patients received bevacizumab ( @ or @ mg/kg , @-weekly until disease progression/unacceptable toxicity ) plus carboplatin/gemcitabine or carboplatin/paclitaxel ( maximum six cycles ) .


Plasma samples ( baseline/throughout treatment ) were analyzed for vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) - A ( baseline only ) , VEGF receptors ( VEGFR-@ / VEGFR-@ ) , basic fibroblast growth factor , E-selectin , intercellular adhesion molecule-@ , and placental growth factor ( baseline only ) .


Tumor samples ( primary specimen ) were analyzed for VEGF-A , VEGFR-@ / VEGFR-@ , neuropilin ( NRP ) , and CD@ .


Response was evaluated at baseline and every @ weeks ( Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors ) .


Patients were randomized to receive chemotherapy plus @ mg/kg ( n = @ ) or @ mg/kg ( n = @ ) bevacizumab .


For the primary analysis , none of the baseline plasma biomarkers correlated with best overall response .


Exploratory analyses showed that low VEGF-A levels were associated with longer progression-free survival ( @ versus @ months ; hazard ratio , @ ; @ % confidence intervals , @ to @ ; p = @ ) and overall survival ( @ versus @ months ; hazard ratio , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ; p = @ ) compared with these in high baseline plasma VEGF-A levels .


No plasma biomarkers changed significantly over time .


No significant correlations were observed between tumor biomarkers and clinical outcomes .


No new safety signals were observed .


Baseline and/or dynamic changes in plasma basic fibroblast growth factor , E-selectin , intercellular adhesion molecule-@ , placental growth factor , VEGFR-@ and VEGFR-@ , and tumor biomarkers did not correlate statistically with treatment outcomes for bevacizumab plus chemotherapy .


Only baseline plasma VEGF-A was significantly correlated with progression-free survival/overall survival .


Evidence from armed conflict settings points to high levels of intimate partner violence ( IPV ) against women .


Current knowledge on how to prevent IPV is limited-especially within war-affected settings .


To inform prevention programming on gender-based violence in settings affected by conflict , we evaluated the impact of adding a targeted men 's intervention to a community-based prevention programme in Cte d'Ivoire .


We conducted a two-armed , non-blinded cluster randomized trial in Cte d'Ivoire among @ pair-matched communities spanning government-controlled , UN buffer , and rebel-controlled zones .


The intervention communities received a @-week IPV prevention intervention using a men 's discussion group format .


All communities received community-based prevention programmes .


Baseline data were collected from couples in September @ ( pre-intervention ) and follow-up in March @ ( one year post-intervention ) .


The primary trial outcome was women 's reported experiences of physical and/or sexual IPV in the last @ months .


We also assessed men 's reported intention to use physical IPV , attitudes towards sexual IPV , use of hostility and conflict management skills , and participation in gendered household tasks .


An adjusted cluster-level intention to treat analysis was used to compare outcomes between intervention and control communities at follow-up .


At follow-up , reported levels of physical and/or sexual IPV in the intervention arm had decreased compared to the control arm ( ARR @ , @ % CI @-@ @ , not significant ) .


Men participating in the intervention reported decreased intentions to use physical IPV ( ARR @ , @ % CI @-@ @ ) and improved attitudes toward sexual IPV ( ARR @ , @ % CI @-@ @ ) .


Significant differences were found between men in the intervention and control arms ' reported ability to control their hostility and manage conflict ( ARR @ , @ % CI @-@ @ ) , and participation in gendered household tasks ( ARR @ , @ % CI @-@ @ ) .


This trial points to the value of adding interventions working with men alongside community activities to reduce levels of IPV in conflict-affected settings .


The intervention significantly influenced men 's reported behaviours related to hostility and conflict management and gender equitable behaviours .


The decreased mean level of IPV and the differences between intervention and control arms , while not statistically significant , suggest that IPV in conflict-affected areas can be reduced through concerted efforts to include men directly in violence prevention programming .


A larger-scale trial is needed to replicate these findings and further understand the mechanisms of change .


This paper describes the rationale , design , and methods of a two-year randomized controlled trial conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an environmental intervention in @ elementary schools in Mexico City .


There were two units of analysis , school level addressing changes in elementary public part-time schools , and individual-level addressing behavioral changes in students @ to @ years of age .


Two intensities of an intervention program were implemented ( basic and plus ) , each containing two intervention components : physical activity and nutrition , supported by a communication/education component .


Evaluation of the intervention was carried out during the school cycles @-@ and @-@ .


Primary outcomes were overweight and obesity prevalence and fitness ; environmental and behavioural measures were also examined .


This is the first institutional multilevel , multifactorial project , consistent with the best practices available in current literature , carried out in Mexico to prevent childhood obesity in schools .


PF-@ is a potent , selective phosphodiesterase @A ( PDE@A ) inhibitor that elevates guanoscine @ ' ,@ ' - cyclic monophosphate ( cGMP ) in brain and cerebrospinal fluid .


PDE@A inhibition enhances synaptic plasticity and improves memory in preclinical cognition models , and prevents decreases in dendritic spine density in transgenic mice that overexpress amyloid precursor protein ( APP ) leading to high levels of amyloid beta ( A ) production ( Tg@ ) .


This Phase @ multicenter study was designed to assess the efficacy , safety and pharmacokinetics of PF-@ compared with placebo in mild to moderate probable Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) .


Subjects in overall good health with Mini Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) scores of @-@ were randomized to @ weeks treatment with PF-@ @ mg q@h ( n = @ ) or placebo ( n = @ ) .


Concomitant acetylcholinesterase inhibitor or memantine use was excluded .


The primary outcome was the Alzheimer 's Disease Assessment Scale - cognitive subscale ( ADAS-cog ) .


The Neuropsychiatric Inventory ( NPI ) , Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale ( CGI-I ) and standard safety measures were secondary outcomes .


Completion rates were similar , @ % PF-@ vs @ % placebo .


At week @ the mean ( SE ) baseline adjusted decrease from baseline in ADAS cog for PF-@-treated patients was -@ ( @ ) .


Placebo treated patients had a change of -@ ( @ ) .


The difference between treatments was -@ ( @ % CI of -@ , @ ) .


Corresponding values for the NPI were -@ ( @ ) vs -@ ( @ ) with a treatment difference of -@ ( @ % CI of -@ , @ ) .


Neither these changes nor the distribution of CGI-I scores were statistically significantly different between groups .


The incidence of serious adverse events ( AEs ) was similar between groups with @ deaths in the placebo group .


The PF-@ group reported more gastrointestinal AEs including diarrhea ( @ % vs @ % ) and nausea ( @ % vs @ % ) and had a higher rate of discontinuation due to AEs ( @ % vs @ % ) .


Although generally safe and well-tolerated , @ weeks PF-@ treatment did not improve cognition , behavior , and global change compared with placebo .


In most cases the only knowledge an individual will receive with regards to their own body and its proper functioning is during their high school education .


The aim of this study was to evaluate high school students ' knowledge about basic physiology .


The research was carried out in five , randomly chosen high schools in Krakow , Poland .


Young people in the age of @-@ years were asked to fill in the questionnaire designed by the authors .


The first part of the survey included personal data .


The second part contained @ close-ended questions assessing students ' knowledge about the basics of human physiology .


Question difficulty varied from easy through average , and up to difficult .


The maximum number of points to achieve was @ .


One-thousand-and eighty-three ( out of @ invited -- @ % ) Polish high school students ( @ % female ) filled in a @-item questionnaire constructed by the authors regarding basic human physiology .


The mean age of the group was @ @ years .


The mean score among the surveyed was @ @ ( range @-@ ) .


Only @ % of students achieved a grade of @ % or more , and only one person obtained the highest possible score .


Females achieved significantly better scores than males ( @ @ vs. @ @ ; p < @ ) .


Pupils in their second year who were in the process of studying physiology , obtained better results than those in their third year who had already finished the biology course ( @ @ vs. @ @ respectively ; p < @ ) and those in their first year who did not yet study human physiology ( @ @ vs. @ @ respectively ; p = @ ) .


Over @ % of students did not know that mature red blood cells do not have cell nuclei and a similar number of them answered that humans have @,@ erythrocytes in @ mm@ of blood .


Over @ % believed that plasma does not participate in the transport of respiratory gases , and @ % believed that endocrine glands secrete hormones within their immediate vicinity and into the blood .


Our research has shown that young people , especially men , often lack basic physiological knowledge needed to make conscious and responsible decisions regarding their health .


Our results suggest that more emphasis should be put on properly teaching human physiology in high school , especially to those students who do not plan a career in medicine-related fields .


This study brings to light the disturbing fact that about a year after a student finishes his basic physiology course his knowledge of the subject returns to a pre high school level .


With both a high need for recovery ( NFR ) and overweight and obesity being a potential burden for organizations ( e.g. productivity loss and sickness absence ) , the aim of this paper was to examine the associations between overweight and obesity and several other health measures and NFR in office workers .


Baseline data of @ office employees participating in a randomised controlled trial aimed at improving NFR in office workers were used .


Associations between self-reported BMI categories ( normal body weight , overweight , obesity ) and several other health measures ( general health , mental health , sleep quality , stress and vitality ) with NFR were examined .


Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed and adjusted for age , education and job demands .


In addition , we adjusted for general health in the association between overweight and obesity and NFR .


A significant positive association was observed between stress and NFR ( B = @ , @ % CI :@ -@ ) .


General health , mental health , sleep quality and vitality were negatively associated with NFR ( p < @ ) .


Analyses also showed a significant positive association between obesity and NFR ( B = @ , @ % CI :@ -@ ) , but not between overweight and NFR .


The findings suggest that self-reported stress is , and obesity may be , associated with a higher NFR .


Additionally , the results imply that health measures that indicate a better health are associated with a lower NFR .


Patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis have impaired health-related quality of life .


The thyroid gland has a high selenium concentration , and specific selenoprotein enzyme families are crucial to immune function , and catalyze thyroid hormone metabolism and redox processes in thyroid cells .


Previous randomized controlled trials have found that selenium supplementation decreases thyroid-disease-specific antibody levels .


We hypothesize that selenium might be beneficial in the treatment of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis .


The CATALYST trial is an investigator-initiated randomized , blinded , multicentre clinical trial of selenium supplementation versus placebo in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis .


age @ years ; serum thyroid peroxidase antibody level @ IU/ml within the previous @ months ; treatment with levothyroxine and written informed consent .


previous diagnosis of toxic nodular goitre , Graves ' hyperthyroidism , postpartum thyroiditis , Graves ' orbitopathy ; previous antithyroid drug treatment , radioiodine therapy or thyroid surgery ; immune-modulatory or other medication affecting thyroid function ; pregnancy , planned pregnancy or breastfeeding ; allergy towards any intervention or placebo component ; intake of selenium supplementation > @ g/day ; inability to read or understand Danish or lack of informed consent .


The trial will include @ participants .


The experimental intervention and control groups will receive @ g selenium-enriched yeast or matching placebo tablets daily for @ months .


The experimental supplement will be SelenoPrecise .


The primary outcome is thyroid-related quality of life assessed by the Thyroid Patient-Reported Outcome ( ThyPRO ) questionnaire .


Secondary outcomes include serum thyroid peroxidase antibody concentration ; serum triiodothyronine/thyroxine ratio ; levothyroxine dosage ; adverse reactions and serious adverse reactions and events .


In this pragmatic trial , participating patients follow their usual treatment at their usual hospitals .


In order to collect high-quality data on the clinical course and quality of life , and to minimize missing data , an elaborate trial management system has been designed .


@ months intervention duration was selected in consideration of the primary outcome , thyroid-related quality of life .


Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by reversible obstruction , inflammation and hyperresponsiveness to different stimulus .


Aerobic and breathing exercises have been demonstrated to benefit asthmatic patients ; however , there is no evidence comparing the effectiveness of these treatments .


This is a prospective , comparative , blinded , and randomized clinical trial with @ groups that will receive distinct interventions .


Forty-eight asthmatic adults with optimized medical treatment will be randomly divided into either aerobic ( AG ) or breathing exercises ( BG ) .


Patients will perform breathing or aerobic exercise twice a week for @months , totalizing @ sessions of @minutes each .


Before intervention , both groups will complete an educational program consisting of @ educational classes .


Before and after interventions , the following parameters will be quantified : clinical control ( main outcome ) , health related quality of life , levels of anxiety and depression , daily living physical activity and maximal exercise capacity ( secondary outcome ) .


Hyperventilation syndrome symptoms , autonomic nervous imbalance , thoracoabdominal kinematics , inflammatory cells in the sputum , fraction of exhaled nitric oxide ( FENO ) and systemic inflammatory cytokines will also be evaluated as possible mechanisms to explain the benefits of both interventions .


Although the benefits of breathing and aerobic exercises have been extensively studied , the comparison between both has never been investigated .


Furthermore , the findings of our results will allow us to understand its application and suitability to patients that will have more benefits for every intervention optimizing its effect .


Although whole-body vibration ( WBV ) has sparked tremendous research interest in neurorehabilitation , the cardiovascular responses to WBV in people with stroke remain unknown .


The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of different WBV protocols on oxygen consumption ( Vo@ ) , heart rate ( HR ) , rate of perceived exertion ( RPE ) , blood pressure ( BP ) , and rate-pressure product ( RPP ) during the performance of @ different exercises among people with chronic stroke ( time since onset @ months ) .


A repeated-measures design was used .


Each of the @ participants experienced all @ WBV protocols in separate sessions : ( @ ) no WBV , ( @ ) low-intensity WBV ( peak acceleration = @ unit of gravity of Earth -LSB- g -RSB- ) , and ( @ ) high-intensity WBV ( @ g ) .


The order in which they encountered the WBV protocols was randomized , as was the order of exercises performed during each session .


Oxygen consumption , HR , and RPE were measured throughout the study .


Blood pressure and RPP were measured before and after each session .


Low-intensity and high-intensity WBV induced significantly higher Vo@ by an average of @ and @ mL/kg/min , respectively , compared with the control condition .


These protocols also increased HR by an average of @ bpm .


The @ WBV protocols induced higher RPE than the control condition during static standing exercise only .


Although the diastolic and systolic BP and RPP were increased at the end of each exercise session , the addition of WBV had no significant effect on these variables .


The results are generalizable only to ambulatory and community-dwelling people with chronic stroke .


Addition of high - and low-intensity WBV significantly increased the Vo@ and HR , but the increase was modest .


Thus , WBV should not pose any substantial cardiovascular hazard in people with chronic stroke .


Little is known about the effect of specific anti-interleukin-@ therapy , as compared with established anti-tumor necrosis factor therapies , for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis .


In a @-week , phase @ , dose-ranging , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , active-comparator trial , we compared guselkumab ( CNTO @ ) , an anti-interleukin-@ monoclonal antibody , with adalimumab in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis .


A total of @ patients were randomly assigned to receive guselkumab ( @ mg at weeks @ and @ and every @ weeks thereafter , @ mg every @ weeks , @ mg at weeks @ and @ and every @ weeks thereafter , @ mg every @ weeks , or @ mg at weeks @ and @ and every @ weeks thereafter ) through week @ , placebo , or adalimumab ( standard dosage for psoriasis ) .


At week @ , patients in the placebo group crossed over to receive guselkumab at a dose of @ mg every @ weeks .


The primary end point was the proportion of patients with a Physician 's Global Assessment ( PGA ) score of @ ( indicating cleared psoriasis ) or @ ( indicating minimal psoriasis ) at week @ .


At week @ , the proportion of patients with a PGA score of @ or @ was significantly higher in each guselkumab group than in the placebo group : @ % in the @-mg group , @ % in the @-mg group , @ % in the @-mg group , @ % in the @-mg group , and @ % in the @-mg group , as compared with @ % in the placebo group ( P@ @ for all comparisons ) .


Moreover , the proportion was significantly higher in the @-mg , @-mg , and @-mg guselkumab groups than in the adalimumab group ( @ % ) ( P < @ for all comparisons ) .


At week @ , the proportion of patients with at least a @ % improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores was significantly higher in each guselkumab group than in the placebo group ( P < @ for all comparisons ) .


At week @ , the proportion of patients with a PGA score of @ or @ remained significantly higher in the @-mg , @-mg , and @-mg guselkumab groups than in the adalimumab group ( @ % , @ % , and @ % , respectively , vs. @ % ) ( P < @ for all comparisons ) .


Between week @ and week @ , infections were observed in @ % of the patients in the guselkumab groups , @ % in the adalimumab group , and @ % in the placebo group .


The results of this phase @ trial suggest that guselkumab may be an effective therapy for plaque psoriasis and that control of psoriasis can be achieved with specific anti-interleukin-@ therapy .


( Funded by Janssen Research and Development ; X-PLORE ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT@ . )


The role of trypanocidal therapy in patients with established Chagas ' cardiomyopathy is unproven .


We conducted a prospective , multicenter , randomized study involving @ patients with Chagas ' cardiomyopathy who received benznidazole or placebo for up to @ days and were followed for a mean of @ years .


The primary outcome in the time-to-event analysis was the first event of any of the components of the composite outcome of death , resuscitated cardiac arrest , sustained ventricular tachycardia , insertion of a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator , cardiac transplantation , new heart failure , stroke , or other thromboembolic event .


The primary outcome occurred in @ patients ( @ % ) in the benznidazole group and in @ ( @ % ) in the placebo group ( hazard ratio , @ ; @ % confidence interval -LSB- CI -RSB- , @ to @ ; P = @ ) .


At baseline , a polymerase-chain-reaction ( PCR ) assay was performed on blood samples obtained from @ patients ; @ % had positive results for Trypanosoma cruzi on PCR .


The rates of conversion to negative PCR results ( PCR conversion ) were @ % in the benznidazole group and @ % in the placebo group at the end of treatment , @ % and @ % , respectively , at @ years , and @ % and @ % , respectively , at @ years or more ( P < @ for all comparisons ) .


The effect of treatment on PCR conversion varied according to geographic region : in Brazil , the odds ratio for PCR conversion was @ ( @ % CI , @ to @ ) at @ years and @ ( @ % CI , @ to @ ) at @ or more years ; in Colombia and El Salvador , the odds ratio was @ ( @ % CI , @ to @ ) at @ years and @ ( @ % CI , @ to @ ) at @ or more years ; and in Argentina and Bolivia , the odds ratio was @ ( @ % CI , @ to @ ) at @ years and @ ( @ % CI , @ to @ ) at @ or more years ( P < @ for interaction ) .


However , the rates of PCR conversion did not correspond to effects on clinical outcome ( P = @ for interaction ) .


Trypanocidal therapy with benznidazole in patients with established Chagas ' cardiomyopathy significantly reduced serum parasite detection but did not significantly reduce cardiac clinical deterioration through @ years of follow-up .


( Funded by the Population Health Research Institute and others ; ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT@ ; Current Controlled Trials number , ISRCTN@ . )


Emotional eating in children has been related to the consumption of energy-dense foods and obesity , but the development of emotional eating in young children is poorly understood .


We evaluated whether emotional eating can be induced in @-@-y-old children in the laboratory and assessed whether parental use of overly controlling feeding practices at @-@ y of age predicts a greater subsequent tendency for children to eat under conditions of mild stress at ages @-@ y.


Forty-one parent-child dyads were recruited to participate in this longitudinal study , which involved parents and children being observed consuming a standard lunch , completing questionnaire measures of parental feeding practices , participating in a research procedure to induce child emotion ( or a control procedure ) , and observing children 's consumption of snack foods .


Children at ages @-@ y who were exposed to a mild emotional stressor consumed significantly more calories from snack foods in the absence of hunger than did children in a control group .


Parents who reported the use of more food as a reward and restriction of food for health reasons with their children at ages @-@ y were more likely to have children who ate more under conditions of negative emotion at ages @-@ y.


Parents who overly control children 's food intake may unintentionally teach children to rely on palatable foods to cope with negative emotions .


Additional research is needed to evaluate the implications of these findings for children 's food intake and weight outside of the laboratory setting .


This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT@ .


To compare the effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs placebo in reducing the risk of recurrences of Toxoplasma gondii retinochoroiditis .


Single-center , prospective randomized double-masked clinical trial .


A total of @ patients from Campinas , Brazil , with active recurrent Toxoplasma gondii retinochoroiditis were included .


The initially active toxoplasmosis lesions were successfully treated in all cases using trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ( @ mg/@ mg ) twice daily for @ days .


Subsequently , @ patients dropped out of the study .


The remaining patients were randomized to Group @ ( trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole tablet every @ days ) or Group @ ( identical placebo tablet every @ days ) .


Randomization was @:@ , was stratified by sex , and used block sizes of @ .


The primary outcome was recurrent toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis within @ year , and the secondary outcome was a @-year change in best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) ( ETDRS chart ) .


The incidence of recurrent toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis within @ months was @ of @ ( @ % ) and @ of @ ( @ % ) in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and placebo groups , respectively ( P = @ ) .


Visual acuity improvements in the @ groups were similar .


No treatment-limiting toxicity was observed .


Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole therapy resulted in a @ % reduction in the recurrence of Toxoplasma gondii retinochoroiditis over @ year of treatment .


Antisocial personality is a common adult problem that imposes a major public health burden , but for which there is no effective treatment .


Affected individuals exhibit persistent antisocial behavior and pervasive antisocial character traits , such as irritability , manipulativeness , and lack of remorse .


Prevention of antisocial personality in childhood has been advocated , but evidence for effective interventions is lacking .


The authors conducted two follow-up studies of randomized trials of group parent training .


One involved @ clinic-referred @ - to @-year-olds with severe antisocial behavior for whom treatment was indicated , @ of whom were reassessed between ages @ and @ .


The other involved @ high-risk @ - to @-year-olds with elevated antisocial behavior who were selectively screened from the community , @ of whom were reassessed between ages @ and @ .


The primary psychiatric outcome measures were the two elements of antisocial personality , namely , antisocial behavior ( assessed by a diagnostic interview ) and antisocial character traits ( assessed by a questionnaire ) .


Also assessed were reading achievement ( an important domain of youth functioning at work ) and parent-adolescent relationship quality .


In the indicated sample , both elements of antisocial personality were improved in the early intervention group at long-term follow-up compared with the control group ( antisocial behavior : odds ratio of oppositional defiant disorder = @ , @ % CI = @ , @ ; antisocial character traits : B = -@ , @ % CI = -@ , -@ ) .


Additionally , reading ability improved ( B = @ , @ % CI = @ , @ ) .


Parental expressed emotion was warmer ( B = @ , @ % CI = @ , @ ) and supervision was closer ( B = -@ , @ % CI = -@ , -@ ) , but direct observation of parenting showed no differences .


Teacher-rated and self-rated antisocial behavior were unchanged .


In contrast , in the selective high-risk sample , early intervention was not associated with improved long-term outcomes .


Early intervention with severely antisocial children for whom treatment is indicated may prevent the development of antisocial personality in adolescence and may improve academic performance .


In contrast , early intervention with selective high-risk samples may be ineffective .


The authors compared the baby enclosed afferent reservoir ( Baby EAR ) with the Jackson-Rees ( JR ) anesthesia circuit for the minimal fresh gas flow ( FGF ) requirement with no and clinically acceptable rebreathing in spontaneous breathing anesthesia among pediatric patients .


The present study was a randomized crossover study .


Twenty patients , weighing @ to @ kg with ASA physical status I-II were enrolled .


They were allocated to group @ ( EAR-JR ) starting with Baby EAR then switching to JR or group @ ( JR-EAR ) , reversedpattern .


After induction and intubation , anesthesia was maintainedwith a N@O/O@ combination with sevoflurane @ to @ % and fentanyl .


Starting with the first circuit , all patients were spontaneously ventilated with FGF @ mL/kg/min for @ minutes , and then gradually decreased by @ mL/kg/min every five minutes .


End-tidal CO@ ( ETCO ) and inspired minimum CO@ ( imCO ) were recorded until rebreathing ( imCO@ > @ mmHg ) occurred and continued until rebreathing was not clinically acceptable ( imCO@ > @ mmHg ) .


The anesthesia breathing circuit was switched and the procedure repeated .


The minimal FGF at no rebreathing of Baby EAR and JR were @ and @ mL/kg/min ; p < @ .


At acceptable rebreathing , the values were @ and @ mL/kg/min ; p < @ .


Baby EAR can be used safely , effectively , and requires less FGF than JR in pediatric anesthesia in patients weighing @ to @ kg .


To study the effects of extensively hydrolyzed protein formula ( eHF ) on the feeding and growth in preterm infants through a multicenter controlled clinical study .


Preterm infants admitted to eight upper first-class hospitals in China between February @ and December @ were randomly selected .


They were divided into two observation groups and two control groups .


The first observation group consisted of preterm infants with a gestational age of < @ weeks , who were fed with eHF for @-@ days after birth and then with standard preterm formula ( SPF ) until discharge .


The second observation group consisted of preterm infants with a gestational age of @-@ weeks , who were fed with SPF after birth , but were switched to eHF ( @-@ days ) if suffering feeding intolerance at @-@ days after birth .


The two control groups with corresponding gestational ages kept to be fed with SPF after birth .


Clinical data were recorded to compare feeding condition , physical growth , blood biochemical indices , and major complications between different groups .


A total of @ preterm infants were enrolled .


Preterm infants with a gestational age of < @ weeks in the observation group had a significantly shorter meconium evacuation time than in the corresponding control group ( P < @ ) .


They also had significantly lower levels of serum total bilirubin at weeks @ and @ after birth compared with the control group ( P < @ ) .


The observation group needed more time in reaching enteral nutrition ( EN ) basic energy uptake of @ kcal / ( kgd ) , partial parenteral nutrition ( PPN ) , hospitalization , and corrected gestational age at discharge compared with the controlled infants ( P < @ ) .


There was no difference in the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation ( EUGR ) at discharge between the two groups ( P > @ ) .


Preterm infants with a gestational age of @-@ weeks in the observation group had significantly lower serum total bilirubin levels at @ weeks after birth compared with the corresponding control group ( P < @ ) .


They required more time in achieving EN basic energy and PPN than in the control group ( P < @ ) .


There was no difference in the incidence of EUGR at discharge between the two groups ( P > @ ) .


For preterm infants , eHF can improve gastrointestinal motility , accelerate bilirubin metabolism and excretion and does not increase the incidence of EUGR .


To investigate the effect of a computer-supported indirect-form lifestyle-modification program using Lifestyle Intervention Support Software for Diabetes Prevention ( LISS-DP ) , as a clinically feasible strategy for primary prevention , on diet and physical activity habits in adults with a family history of type @ diabetes .


This was a two-arm , randomized controlled trial : ( @ ) lifestyle intervention ( LI ) group ( n = @ ) ; ( @ ) control ( n = @ ) .


Healthy adults aged @-@ years with a history of type @ diabetes among their first-degree relatives were recruited .


LI group received three times of lifestyle intervention using LISS-DP during six-month intervention period via mail .


Lifestyle intervention group showed significantly greater decrease in energy intake six months after baseline , compared to control ( -@ and -@ kcal/day , respectively , p = @ , Cohen 's d = @ ) , though the difference disappeared @ year after from baseline .


No difference was found in physical activity energy expenditure .


A computer-based , non-face-to-face lifestyle intervention was effective on dietary habits , only during the intervention period .


Further examination of the long-term effects of such intervention and physical activity is required .


The present study aimed to compare the postoperative contrast sensitivity functions between wavefront-guided LASIK eyes and their contralateral wavefront-guided PRK eyes .


The participants were @ healthy subjects ( mean age = @ @ years ) who had myopic astigmatism .


The spatial contrast sensitivity functions were measured before and three times after the surgery .


Psycho and a Cambridge graphic board ( VSG @/@ ) were used to measure luminance , red-green , and blue-yellow spatial contrast sensitivity functions ( from @ to @ cycles/degree ) .


Longitudinal analysis and comparison between surgeries were performed .


There was no significant contrast sensitivity change during the one-year follow-up measurements neither for LASIK nor for PRK eyes .


The comparison between procedures showed no differences at @ months postoperative .


The present data showed similar contrast sensitivities during one-year follow-up of wave-front guided refractive surgeries .


Moreover , one year postoperative data showed no differences in the effects of either wavefront-guided LASIK or wavefront-guided PRK on the luminance and chromatic spatial contrast sensitivity functions .


Survivors of cervical cancer experience quality-of-life ( QOL ) disruptions that persist years after treatment .


This study examines the effect of a psychosocial telephone counseling ( PTC ) intervention on QOL domains and associations with biomarkers .


We conducted a randomized clinical trial in survivors of cervical cancer , who were @ and less than @ months from diagnosis ( n = @ ) , to compare PTC to usual care ( UC ) .


PTC included five weekly sessions and a @-month booster .


Patient-reported outcomes ( PROs ) and biospecimens were collected at baseline and @ and @ months after enrollment .


Changes in PROs over time and associations with longitudinal change in cytokines as categorical variables were analyzed using multivariable analysis of variance for repeated measures .


Participant mean age was @ years ; @ % of women were Hispanic , and @ % were non-Hispanic white .


Adjusting for age and baseline scores , participants receiving PTC had significantly improved depression and improved gynecologic and cancer-specific concerns at @ months compared with UC participants ( all P < @ ) ; significant differences in gynecologic and cancer-specific concerns ( P < @ ) were sustained at @ months .


Longitudinal change in overall QOL and anxiety did not reach statistical significance .


Participants with decreasing interleukin ( IL ) -@ , IL-@ , IL-@ , and IL-@ had significantly greater improvement in QOL than those with increasing cytokine levels .


This trial confirms that PTC benefits mood and QOL cancer-specific and gynecologic concerns for a multiethnic underserved population of survivors of cancer .


The improvement in PROs with decreases in T-helper type @ and counter-regulatory cytokines supports a potential biobehavioral pathway relevant to cancer survivorship .


There is a paucity of data on the effect of antiretroviral medications on male fertility .


Couples affected by HIV-@ often have fertility intentions , and antiretroviral medications , as both treatment of HIV-@-infected persons and pre-exposure prophylaxis ( PrEP ) for uninfected persons , are part of peri-conception risk reduction .


Within a randomized , placebo-controlled trial of daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ( TDF ) and combination emtricitabine ( FTC ) / TDF PrEP for HIV-@ prevention conducted among heterosexual HIV-@-serodiscordant couples , we assessed the impact of TDF and FTC/TDF use on male fertility , measured as incident pregnancy in female partners of men assigned to PrEP vs. placebo .


Of the @ HIV-@-uninfected men partners , @ were randomized to TDF , @ to FTC/TDF , and @ to placebo .


The overall pregnancy incidence in their HIV-@-infected female partners was @ per @ person-years and did not differ significantly across the study arms ( @ TDF , @ FTC/TDF , @ placebo ) .


The frequency of live births , pregnancy losses , and gestational age at birth or loss was also statistically similar in the three randomization groups .


TDF and FTC/TDF , when used as PrEP by HIV-@-uninfected men , did not adversely affect male fertility or pregnancy outcomes .


Tiotropium is a once-daily , long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator with the potential to alleviate airway obstruction in cystic fibrosis .