Context: sent1: if heat is conducted to an object then that object will become hot sent2: a light bulb generates light sent3: becoming hot means increasing in heat energy sent4: if something converts a resource into energy it doesn't use then that something is not using that resource efficiently sent5: a light bulb generates visible light when it is turned on sent6: if something generates heat, then that something will be hot in temperature sent7: a light bulb is a kind of object sent8: an incandescent light bulb converts electrical energy; electricity into light energy and heat energy by sending electricity through a filament sent9: the heat energy produced by the light bulb is not used sent10: a light bulb is a part of a lamp sent11: a light bulb is a kind of electrical device sent12: if heat is transferred to an object , then the object will get hot sent13: when electricity flows to a light bulb , the light bulb will turn on; come on sent14: a hot object is a source of heat sent15: a light bulb converts electrical energy; electricity into light energy; light energy and heat energy sent16: not efficient means inefficient sent17: hot means high in heat energy; temperature sent18: if an object is exposed to a source of heat then that object may become hot sent19: an incandescent light bulb converts electrical energy into light energy and heat energy sent20: a light bulb is a part of a lamp sent21: to get hot means become hot sent22: a hot; warm something is a source of heat sent23: hot means high in temperature sent24: a light bulb requires electrical energy to produce light sent25: the heat energy produced by the light bulb is not used

Question: Every night, Johnny reads next to a lamp that is lit by an incandescent light bulb. Which is the best indication that the transfer of electrical energy to the lamp is inefficient?

Answer: The bulb gets hot.

Hypothesis: the light bulb does not use the resource efficiently becasue it produces heat energy that is not used


Context: sent1: light means light energy sent2: converting is similar to producing sent3: a source of something generates that something sent4: a machine is a kind of device sent5: tool means instrument sent6: producing is similar to causing sent7: a device is a kind of object sent8: light is a kind of light energy sent9: device means tool sent10: instrument means device sent11: light is a kind of energy sent12: to produce something means to make something sent13: a source of something emits; produces; generates; provides that something sent14: to generate something means to produce something sent15: a laser is a kind of device for producing light sent16: a laser is used for producing light sent17: a source of something produces that something sent18: light is a kind of energy sent19: to provide something can mean to produce something sent20: instrument means tool sent21: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent22: light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation sent23: electromagnetic energy is a kind of energy sent24: emit means produce sent25: generate means produce

Question: Which device would most likely be used to produce light energy?

Answer: a laser

Hypothesis: a laser is a device used to produce light energy


Context: sent1: steel; carbon steel is always ferromagnetic; magnetic sent2: a metal rod is a kind of object sent3: an electromagnet is made of coiled wires, iron core, and source of electricity sent4: iron is a kind of metal sent5: an electromagnet is a kind of electric magnet sent6: metal is a kind of material sent7: a rod is a kind of object sent8: insulation requires an insulator sent9: steel is a kind of solid metal sent10: iron is a kind of metal sent11: iron is always magnetic sent12: a wire is usually made of metal sent13: ferrous metals contain iron sent14: a magnet attracts magnetic metals; ferromagnetic metals through magnetism sent15: a magnet is often made of magnetic metals; ferromagnetic metals sent16: iron is a kind of element sent17: an insulator is a kind of material sent18: soft iron; iron is always ferromagnetic; magnetic sent19: a magnet will not attract nonmagnetic metals; nonmagnetic materials sent20: an electromagnet contains a wire; cylindrical ferrous metal sent21: metal is a kind of material sent22: a battery is a kind of object sent23: an insulated wire is a kind of wire sent24: an insulator is insulated sent25: objects are made of materials; substances; matter

Question: Which of the following groups of materials would most likely be used to build an electromagnet?

Answer: insulated wire, iron rod, battery

Hypothesis: insulated wire, iron rod, and battery can build an electromagnet


Context: sent1: black objects absorb the most amount of sunlight sent2: darker objects absorb more sunlight than lighter objects sent3: a panel is a kind of object sent4: if an object; something is in the sunlight then that object; that something will absorb solar energy sent5: black is a kind of color sent6: color is a property of an object sent7: amount is a property of something and includes ordered values of none; least; little; some; half; much; many; most; all sent8: if an object is black then that object absorbs all visible light; heat sent9: a solar panel is a kind of object sent10: color is a property of a material sent11: a panel is a kind of object sent12: non-black objects absorb less amount of sunlight than black objects sent13: if something receives sunlight, it will absorb the sunlight sent14: take in means absorb sent15: dark is a kind of color sent16: black is dark in color sent17: the sun is a source of light; light energy called sunlight sent18: sunlight means solar energy sent19: darker objects absorb more light than light colored objects sent20: color is a property of an object; a material sent21: if something is in the sunlight then that something will absorb solar energy sent22: to absorb means to capture sent23: to receive sunlight means to absorb sunlight sent24: receiving sunlight is synonymous with absorbing sunlight sent25: if an object is in the sunlight then that object will absorb solar energy

Question: Solar panels are used to absorb sunlight. Which color panel would absorb the most sunlight?

Answer: black

Hypothesis: a black panel will absorb the most amount of sunlight


Context: sent1: if something is a source of something else then that something is associated with that something else sent2: bands; ranges of frequencies of light waves is called electromagnetic spectrum sent3: visible light is made of lights of different colors including violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, red light sent4: electromagnetic radiation means electromagnetic energy sent5: a type is synonymous with a kind sent6: observable means visible sent7: human eyes can only see light in the range of visible light sent8: light is a kind of color sent9: visible light is a kind of light sent10: a class of something means a type of something sent11: blue is a kind of color sent12: electromagnetic radiation is arranged in the electromagnetic spectrum by wavelength; frequency sent13: visible means able to be seen sent14: light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation sent15: spectrum means a range of colors sent16: blue is a kind of color sent17: visible light is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum sent18: visible lights can be divided into smaller ranges of light waves by the range of colors sent19: green is a kind of color sent20: the rainbow is made of all different colors in visible light sent21: visible light makes up the smallest region; range in the electromagnetic spectrum sent22: radio wave is a kind of electromagnetic wave sent23: red is a kind of color sent24: a range of a spectrum means a part of a spectrum sent25: all ranges of frequencies of radiant energy is called electromagnetic spectrum

Question: The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete range of electromagnetic radiation ranging from radio waves to gamma rays. Which type of radiation in this spectrum is associated with observable colors such as red, green, and blue?

Answer: visible light

Hypothesis: visible light is the part of electromagnetic spectrum that has red, green, and blue light


Context: sent1: a light bulb is a kind of object sent2: a light bulb is used for seeing in the dark sent3: a light bulb is a kind of tool for seeing in the dark sent4: a light bulb converts electrical energy; electricity into light energy; light energy and heat energy sent5: to be capable means can sent6: electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum sent7: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent8: a light bulb is a kind of electrical device sent9: a light bulb requires electrical energy to produce light sent10: light travels fastest through a vacuum sent11: a source of something emits; produces; generates; provides that something sent12: an incandescent light bulb converts electrical energy; electricity into light energy and heat energy by sending electricity through a filament sent13: light is a kind of electromagnetic wave sent14: light is a kind of wave sent15: light bulb means lightbulb sent16: light can travel through a vacuum sent17: an incandescent light bulb converts electrical energy into light energy and heat energy sent18: causing is similar to generating sent19: waves can travel through matter sent20: waves usually cannot travel through a vacuum sent21: to generate something means to produce something sent22: a light bulb is used for seeing in the dark sent23: electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum and matter sent24: a light bulb generates visible light when it is turned on sent25: a light bulb generates light

Question: Which generates waves that are capable of traveling through a vacuum?

Answer: a light bulb

Hypothesis: a light bulb generates waves that can travel through a vacuum

light is a kind of electromagnetic wave
light can travel through a vacuum


Context: sent1: lenses are a kind of object sent2: refraction is when light passes from one medium to another medium sent3: light travels between two different materials (air and glass) sent4: eyes are part of a human for seeing sent5: sunlight is a kind of light sent6: glass is a kind of object sent7: a glass is a kind of object sent8: light comes to the focal point after passing through a convex lens sent9: refraction is when a wave goes through; transmits through; passes through a surface; a material; an object and travels in a different direction relative to the angle of incidence sent10: refraction happens when light passes from one medium to another medium sent11: a convex lens causes light to refract and concentrate to magnify distant objects sent12: lenses are a part of eyeglasses sent13: glass; objects made of glass cause refraction of light sent14: a convex lens is a kind of lenses sent15: sunlight is a kind of light sent16: an eyeglass lens is a kind of object sent17: refraction is a property of light sent18: a magnifying glass is a kind of tool for observing small things sent19: refracting sunlight; light causes sunlight; light to split into different colors sent20: an eyeglass lens is often made of glass sent21: glass is a kind of object sent22: refraction is when light bends sent23: eyes are used for seeing by animals by sensing light sent24: magnifying glass is used to see small things by making objects appear bigger sent25: eyes are a part of a human for seeing

Question: When light reaches an eyeglass lens, the light is

Answer: refracted.

Hypothesis: light will refract when it travels between two different materials

refraction is when a wave passes through a material and travels in a different direction relative to the angle of incidence


Context: sent1: to observe an object of small size requires the use of magnifying glass sent2: a convex lens is a part of telescope sent3: a liquid is a kind of substance sent4: a convex lens is a kind of lenses sent5: a convex lens causes light to refract and concentrate to magnify distant objects sent6: to cross means to pass sent7: magnifying glass is used to see small things by making objects appear bigger sent8: a solid is a kind of substance sent9: substances are made of matter sent10: substances are made of matter sent11: matter is a kind of substance sent12: diffraction is when the waves bends when passing an edge or opening sent13: a convex lens is used in camera sent14: light refracts when it passes through water droplets sent15: a solid is a kind of substance sent16: light can not travel through an opaque object sent17: an eyeglass lens is a kind of object sent18: a liquid is a kind of substance sent19: to pass means to travel sent20: lenses are a kind of object sent21: objects are made of materials; substances; matter sent22: objects are made of substances sent23: material means substance sent24: light comes to the focal point after passing through a convex lens sent25: to pass through means to move through

Question: Which object is best used to demonstrate the bending of light as it passes through a substance?

Answer: convex lens

Hypothesis: a convex lens will cause the light to bend when the light passes through the lens


Context: sent1: glass; objects made of glass cause refraction of light sent2: rays of the sun means sunlight sent3: light rays means light sent4: refraction is when light bends sent5: a glass is a kind of object sent6: light means light energy sent7: light rays pass through a glass window sent8: glass is a kind of material sent9: reflection is when light is reflected from one object; one place to another object; another place sent10: a window is a kind of object sent11: a prism refracts light sent12: objects are made of materials; substances; matter sent13: refraction is a property of light sent14: glass is a kind of object sent15: light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation sent16: glass is a kind of object sent17: light rays pass through air sent18: a window is made of glass sent19: a window pane is a kind of surface sent20: a window is a kind of object sent21: glass is a kind of material sent22: sunlight is a kind of light sent23: sunlight is a kind of light sent24: a surface is a part of an object sent25: light is a kind of light energy

Question: Which object refracts light rays?

Answer: glass window

Hypothesis: the light rays will refract when they pass through a glass window

refraction is when light passes from one medium to another medium


Context: sent1: refraction is when a wave goes through; transmits through; passes through a surface; a material; an object and travels in a different direction relative to the angle of incidence sent2: to pass through means to move through sent3: refracting sunlight; light causes sunlight; light to split into different colors sent4: some lenses are made of glass sent5: glass; objects made of glass cause refraction of light sent6: glass is a kind of object sent7: a laser beam passes through air sent8: a prism refracts light sent9: glass is a kind of medium sent10: a prism is a kind of object sent11: diffraction is when the waves bends when passing an edge or opening sent12: glass is a kind of object sent13: a prism is made of glass sent14: refraction is a property of light sent15: glass is a kind of material sent16: to cross means to pass sent17: a prism is a kind of tool for refracting light sent18: refraction is when light passes from one medium to another medium sent19: a prism is used for refracting light sent20: refraction is when light bends sent21: to pass means to travel sent22: a glass is a kind of object sent23: glass is a kind of material sent24: a laser beam is shone through a glass prism sent25: refraction happens when light passes from one medium to another medium

Question: A laser beam is aimed at four different objects. Through which of these objects will the laser beam pass and be refracted?

Answer: a glass prism

Hypothesis: the laser beam will refract when it is shone through the glass prism


Context: sent1: the parts of something make up that something sent2: a prism refracts light sent3: something is composed of its components sent4: composed of means made of sent5: instrument means tool sent6: if something is made of something else, then that something contains at least one of that something else sent7: tool means instrument sent8: the rainbow is made of all different colors in visible light sent9: sunlight is made of all colors in the rainbow sent10: if something has something else then that something might be made of that something else sent11: to discover means to make a discovery sent12: a tool is a kind of object sent13: made up of means contains; made of sent14: a prism is a kind of tool for refracting light sent15: a prism is a kind of object sent16: if something contains something else, then that something is made of that something else sent17: a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by splitting light into all different colors sent18: a rainbow is formed by refraction of light by separating light; splitting light into all different colors sent19: a prism is used for refracting light sent20: a prism is made of glass sent21: sunlight is a kind of light sent22: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent23: to be made of means to consist of sent24: light is a kind of color sent25: sunlight is a kind of light

Question: In the 1600s Sir Isaac Newton discovered that sunlight is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What tool did Sir Isaac Newton most likely use to make his discovery?

Answer: A prism

Hypothesis: a prism refracts light and splits light into lights of different color

refraction of light can split light into lights of different color


Context: sent1: gasoline is a kind of chemical power source sent2: gravitational potential energy is a kind of potential energy sent3: potential energy means stored energy sent4: potential energy is a kind of energy sent5: 1 liter is equal to 106 quarts sent6: liters l is a metric unit used for measuring volume generally used for values between 10 and 500000000 sent7: moving changes potential energy; stored energy into kinetic energy and heat energy sent8: potential energy of an object is determined by the mass and the height of the object sent9: gasoline is a kind of fossil fuel sent10: chemical energy is a kind of potential energy sent11: potential is a kind of ability sent12: oil is a source of gasoline sent13: liters l is a metric unit used for measuring volume generally used for values between 1 and 50000000 sent14: increase means more sent15: using a gasoline engine requires burning gasoline sent16: a kind of something is an example of that something sent17: fossil fuels have high potential energy sent18: a liter is 106 quart sent19: gasoline is a kind of fuel sent20: potential energy is a measure of the energy of an object due to position relative to other objects sent21: gasoline is a source of chemical energy sent22: fuel is a source of energy sent23: liters are a kind of unit for measuring volume of liquids sent24: burning fossil fuels converts potential energy into thermal energy sent25: to add means to increase

Question: Which of the following is the best example of potential energy?

Answer: a liter of gasoline

Hypothesis: gasoline is a source of potential energy


Context: sent1: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent2: to have a function is similar to to be responsible for sent3: a source of something generates that something sent4: sound is made of sound waves sent5: plucking; strumming a string can cause that string to vibrate sent6: as a string of a musical instrument is plucked harder , the string will vibrate harder; faster sent7: matter; molecules vibrating can cause sound sent8: vibrations are a source of sound sent9: a source of something emits; produces; generates; provides that something sent10: musical instruments make sound when they are played sent11: sound wave is similar to sound sent12: sound waves means sound energy sent13: if something comes from something else then that something else is a source of that something sent14: if something causes a process then that something is required for that process sent15: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent16: to cause means to be responsible for sent17: a string is a kind of object sent18: a violin is a kind of musical instrument sent19: vibrating matter can produce sound sent20: plucking a string can cause that string to vibrate sent21: playing music causes sound to be produced sent22: causing is similar to generating sent23: to generate something means to produce something sent24: if something cause something else to happen then that something is responsible for that something else sent25: a string is a kind of object made from matter

Question: Bruce plays his violin every Friday night for the symphony. Before he plays, he plucks each string to see if his violin is in tune. Which is most responsible for the generation of sound waves from his violin?

Answer: vibrations of the string

Hypothesis: the vibrations of a string are a source of sound


Context: sent1: an animal is a kind of living thing sent2: a human is a kind of living thing sent3: an animal is a kind of living thing sent4: a human is a kind of animal sent5: to be used for is similar to allowing sent6: if two objects are apart from each other then matter is between those two objects sent7: vibrations are a source of sound sent8: air is a vehicle for sound sent9: a student is a kind of object sent10: causing is similar to allowing sent11: matter; molecules vibrating can cause sound sent12: a person speaking is a source of sound sent13: humans are a kind of organism sent14: hearing is used for sensing sound by animals sent15: a human is a kind of organism sent16: a student is a kind of human sent17: talking is when a human produces sound to communicate sent18: human voice is a kind of sound sent19: hearing is used for sensing sound by animals sent20: speaking is a kind of communication sent21: sound can be used for communication by animals sent22: sound is a kind of air vibration sent23: hearing is used for sensing sounds by animals sent24: sound can travel through air by vibrating air sent25: a human is a kind of animal

Question: What allows two students standing ten feet apart to hear each other talk?

Answer: air vibrations

Hypothesis: human talking to each other can sense the sound made by the other human through air vibrations


Context: sent1: vibrations are a source of sound sent2: thunder occurs during thunderstorms sent3: a rattle is a kind of object sent4: lightning occurs during lightning storms / thunderstorms sent5: a thunderstorm is a kind of storm sent6: a thunder has intense sound energy sent7: a rattle is a kind of vibration sent8: sound is a kind of energy sent9: sound is a kind of sound energy sent10: a thunderstorm is a kind of storm sent11: rattle is a kind of motion sent12: a thunder has intense sound energy sent13: thunder is a source of sound energy sent14: lightning causes thunder sent15: a window is a kind of object sent16: intense sound energy can move objects sent17: thunderstorm is a kind of severe weather sent18: thunder is a kind of sound sent19: sound means sound energy sent20: lightning occurs during lightning storms; thunderstorms sent21: a cause of something is a reason for that something sent22: a window is a kind of object sent23: a storm is usually a source of strong winds sent24: a rattle is a kind of vibration sent25: storm is a kind of weather; weather event

Question: Which of the following best explains the cause of windows rattling during a thunderstorm?

Answer: sound energy

Hypothesis: a thunder can make a window rattle through intense sound energy


Context: sent1: salt water is a kind of water sent2: freshwater is non-salty sent3: as the mass of an object increases , the density of that object will increase sent4: freshwater is a kind of water sent5: sound is a kind of sound energy sent6: density is a measure of mass of an object divided by volume sent7: density is a measure of mass of an object over volume; divided by volume sent8: higher means greater; above in value; amount; number sent9: fresh water means freshwater sent10: denser means more dense sent11: salt water contains salt sent12: if a substance has a higher density than another substance , then the molecules in the substance will be closer than those of the other substance sent13: faster means an increase; higher in speed sent14: sound means sound energy sent15: dense means high in density sent16: densest means greatest in density sent17: greater means higher; more in value sent18: less dense liquids; particles in liquids; materials float liquids; particiles in liquids; materials that are more dense sent19: faster means an increase in speed sent20: salt water is made of salt and water sent21: saltwater has a higher density than freshwater sent22: if a substance has a higher density than another substance , then the molecules in the substance will be closer than those of the other substance sent23: sound travels fastest through solid sent24: if an object has a small volume and large mass , then the object will have a high density sent25: seawater is a kind of salt water

Question: The most likely reason sound travels faster in saltwater than in freshwater is that saltwater

Answer: has a higher density.

Hypothesis: sound will travel faster in saltwater than freshwater

as the distance between molecules decreases , the speed of the sound will increase


Context: sent1: matter is a kind of material sent2: steel is a kind of metal sent3: media; medium means the material something travel through sent4: faster means an increase; higher in speed sent5: steel is a kind of solid metal sent6: objects are made of matter sent7: sound requires matter to travel sent8: metal is a kind of material sent9: metal is a kind of material sent10: sound travels fastest through solid sent11: transport means to move; to make travel sent12: sound means sound energy sent13: steel; carbon steel is always ferromagnetic; magnetic sent14: fastest means greatest in speed sent15: faster means an increase in speed sent16: sound travels through vibrations of particles sent17: fast means quickly sent18: the type of material through which sound passes changes the speed at which sound travels sent19: objects are made of materials; substances; matter sent20: objects are made of materials sent21: vibrations are a source of sound sent22: materials are made of matter sent23: metals are made of metal sent24: to pass through means to move through sent25: sound is a kind of sound energy

Question: Through which material would sound travel the fastest?

Answer: steel

Hypothesis: sound travels fastest in steel


Context: sent1: metal is a thermal energy conductor sent2: to conduct is similar to to transfer sent3: a spoon is a kind of object sent4: a metal spoon is placed in a cup of hot tea sent5: metal is a thermal; thermal energy conductor sent6: when a cooler object touches a warmer object , thermal conduction occurs sent7: tea is a kind of substance sent8: the heat energy in the cooler object increases in thermal conduction sent9: electrical conduction is when metals; electrical conductors conduct electricity through a wire;electrical conductor;metal sent10: tea is a kind of beverage sent11: metal is a thermal conductor sent12: a thermal energy conductor transfers heat from warmer objects; hotter objects to cooler objects sent13: if heat is conducted to an object then that object will become hot sent14: if a spoon is used to stir a liquid then that spoon is touching that liquid sent15: a spoon is a kind of object sent16: spoons are usually made of metal sent17: a spoon sometimes is made of metal sent18: a spoon is a kind of thing sent19: a thermal energy conductor conducts heat sent20: a thermal energy conductor transfers heat sent21: thermal conduction is when heat is transfer from a warmer object to a colder object sent22: if two things are touching then heat energy will be transferred between those things sent23: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent24: if a spoon; an object is used to stir a liquid; mixture then that spoon; that object is touching that liquid; that mixture sent25: metal is a thermal / thermal energy conductor

Question: Emily made a cup of tea and stirred it with a spoon. The spoon became warm. How was the heat from the tea transferred to the spoon?

Answer: conduction

Hypothesis: the metal spoon will be heated up by thermal conduction

if a thermal conductor is exposed to a source of heat, then thermal conduction will make the thermal conductor become hot


Context: sent1: a source of something emits; produces; generates; provides that something sent2: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent3: heat means heat energy sent4: friction occurs when two object's surfaces move against each other sent5: friction occurs when two objects move against each other sent6: a student is rubbing his hands together sent7: heat is a kind of heat energy sent8: if two objects are rubbing each other, then they are moving against each other sent9: touching is when a body part makes contact with the surface of an object sent10: producing is similar to causing sent11: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent12: a thermal energy conductor conducts heat sent13: to generate something means to produce something sent14: heat energy is synonymous with thermal energy sent15: heat is a kind of energy sent16: to rub; to rub together means to move against sent17: thermal energy is a kind of energy sent18: a student is a kind of human sent19: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent20: heat is a kind of thermal energy sent21: rubbing against something is a kind of contact sent22: generate means produce sent23: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces touch each other sent24: a thermal energy conductor transfers heat sent25: temperature is a measure of heat energy

Question: A student stands outside on a cold winter day. His hands become cold and he rubs them together to make them warmer. Which statement explains why rubbing his hands together makes them warmer?

Answer: This action produces thermal energy through friction.

Hypothesis: friction causes the temperature of student's hands to increase

This action produces thermal energy through friction.


Context: sent1: to conduct is similar to to transfer sent2: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object sent3: heat is a kind of thermal energy sent4: being pushed together is similar to colliding sent5: thermal conduction is when materials conduct heat through those materials through collision of particles sent6: thermal conduction is when heat is transfer from a warmer object to a colder object sent7: a particle is a kind of object sent8: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent9: a process is a kind of event sent10: conduction is a kind of process sent11: a process transfers heat through particles colliding in a solid sent12: an impact can mean the result of two objects forcibly colliding sent13: colliding means coming into a collision sent14: heat means heat energy sent15: temperature is a measure of heat sent16: transfer is a kind of process sent17: heat is a kind of heat energy sent18: matter is made of particles sent19: a thermal energy conductor transfers heat sent20: a thermal energy conductor conducts heat sent21: matter; materials; substances are made of atoms; particles sent22: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent23: temperature is a measure of heat energy sent24: to transfer is similar to transport sent25: particles in objects are a kind of matter

Question: Which process transfers heat when particles collide in a solid?

Answer: conduction

Hypothesis: the process transferring heat through collision of particles in a solid is thermal conduction


Context: sent1: heat is a kind of heat energy sent2: a spoon is used to stir a cup of hot chocolate sent3: a thermal energy conductor transfers heat sent4: if two things are touching then heat energy will be transferred between those things sent5: a spoon is a kind of thing sent6: if a spoon; an object is used to stir a liquid; mixture then that spoon; that object is touching that liquid; that mixture sent7: heat is a kind of thermal energy sent8: if a spoon is used to stir a liquid then that spoon is touching that liquid sent9: heat is a kind of energy sent10: a thermal energy conductor transfers heat from warmer objects; hotter objects to cooler objects sent11: the heat energy in the cooler object increases in thermal conduction sent12: if an object is put inside; poured into another object , then two objects are touching sent13: to conduct is similar to to transfer sent14: adding heat to something means trasferring heat to that something sent15: a spoon is a kind of object sent16: hot chocolate is a kind of liquid sent17: heat means the transfer of thermal energy sent18: thermal conduction is when heat is transfer from a warmer object to a colder object sent19: spoons are usually made of metal sent20: when a cooler object touches a warmer object , thermal conduction occurs sent21: hot chocolate is kind of hot substance sent22: thermal conduction is when materials conduct heat through those materials through collision of particles sent23: a spoon is a kind of object sent24: hot chocolate is a kind of object sent25: thermal conduction is when heat flows from warmer object to cooler object

Question: A student is mixing a cup of hot chocolate with a spoon. How is the heat transferred between the hot chocolate and the part of the spoon that is in the hot chocolate?

Answer: Conduction transfers energy from the hot chocolate to the spoon.

Hypothesis: heat is transferred to the spoon from the hot chocolate through conduction

Conduction transfers energy from the hot chocolate to the spoon.

if a thermal conductor is exposed to a source of heat then that conductor may become hot / warm

if heat is transferred to an object , then the object will get hot


Context: sent1: the sun is a source of heat energy called sunlight sent2: a brick is a kind of object sent3: the sun is a source of radiation; heat called sunlight sent4: the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight sent5: the sun is the source of solar energy called sunlight sent6: the sun is a source of light; light energy called sunlight sent7: radiation means radiant energy sent8: electromagnetic radiation transfers heat and light energy by radiation sent9: sun radiation is similar to solar energy sent10: the sun is a source of light energy called sunlight sent11: sunlight is a kind of solar energy sent12: solar radiation means solar energy sent13: the brick absorbs heat energy from the sunglight sent14: sunlight is a kind of solar energy sent15: radiation is when electromagnetic waves transfers heat and light energy sent16: the sun is a kind of star sent17: the sun transfers light and heat energy from itself to the planets through sunlight sent18: the sun transfers heat energy from itself to the planets / earth through sunlight sent19: the sun is a source of radiation / heat called sunlight sent20: receiving direct sunlight causes objects to become warm sent21: the sun is a kind of star sent22: the sun is a source of solar energy called sunlight sent23: light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation sent24: the sun transfers solar energy; light energy; heat energy from itself to the planets;earth through sunlight sent25: sunlight is a kind of solar radiation

Question: A black brick exposed to sunlight becomes warm. How is energy from the Sun transferred to the brick?

Answer: radiation

Hypothesis: the sun transfers heat and light energy to the brick by radiation


Context: sent1: ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic energy sent2: sun radiation is similar to solar energy sent3: solar radiation means solar energy sent4: form means kind sent5: rays of the sun means sunlight sent6: the sun is a source of radiation / heat called sunlight sent7: electromagnetic radiation means electromagnetic energy sent8: the sun is a source of radiation; heat called sunlight sent9: uv light is a kind of light sent10: a kind of is similar to a form of sent11: radiation means radiant energy sent12: to be a source of something means to cause that something sent13: sunlight is made of ultraviolet, infrared, and visible light sent14: harming something has a negative impact on; effect on that something sent15: uv mean ultraviolet sent16: light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation sent17: the sun is a kind of star sent18: ultraviolet light causes sunburn sent19: sunlight is a kind of solar radiation sent20: ultraviolet rays means ultraviolet light sent21: ultraviolet radiation is ionizing sent22: ultraviolet radiation is ionizing sent23: being exposed to the ultraviolet light has a negative impact on living organisms sent24: ultraviolet light is a kind of light sent25: sunlight contains ultraviolet light

Question: Which form of solar radiation causes sunburn?

Answer: Ultraviolet

Hypothesis: the ultraviolet in solar radiation causes sunburn

sunlight contains ultraviolet light
ultraviolet light causes sunburn


Context: sent1: sound is made of sound waves sent2: sound wave is a kind of mechanical wave sent3: gas is a kind of material sent4: gas is a kind of state of matter sent5: sound requires matter to travel sent6: sound travels through vibrations of particles sent7: sound waves means sound energy sent8: sound travels as longitudinal waves sent9: sound wave is similar to sound sent10: to pass through means to move through sent11: waves can travel through matter sent12: solid is a kind of state of matter sent13: a liquid is a kind of substance sent14: a liquid is a kind of substance sent15: gas is a kind of substance sent16: a solid is a kind of substance sent17: gas is a kind of substance sent18: a solid is a kind of substance sent19: longitudinal waves travel through pattern of compressions and rarefactions sent20: sound travels as longitudal waves sent21: longitudinal wave is a kind of mechanical wave sent22: sound wave is a kind of wave sent23: transport means to move; to make travel sent24: a liquid is a kind of fluid sent25: a wave is a kind of object

Question: A longitudinal wave, such as a sound wave, can travel through

Answer: gas, liquids, and solids.

Hypothesis: longitudinal waves can travel through gas, liquids, and solids


Context: sent1: to conduct is similar to to transfer sent2: sound is made of sound waves sent3: sound wave is similar to sound sent4: a demonstration is similar to an example sent5: to transfer is similar to transport sent6: to flow is similar to to transfer sent7: light is a kind of wave sent8: sound wave is a kind of mechanical wave sent9: a vibration is similar to a wave sent10: sound is a kind of energy sent11: wave motion is transferred from the source to matter to produce sound sent12: a wave is a kind of object sent13: sound wave is a kind of wave sent14: electrical energy is a kind of energy sent15: sound energy is transferred by vibrational waves sent16: electrical energy is a kind of energy sent17: all waves transfer; transmit energy from one place to another sent18: to pass means to transfer sent19: if something transfers energy to something else then that something else absorbs that energy sent20: sound waves means sound energy sent21: sound waves transfer energy sent22: all waves transmit energy from one place to another sent23: sound is a kind of sound energy sent24: waves contain mechanical energy sent25: a bell ringing is a source of sound

Question: Which best demonstrates that waves transfer energy?

Answer: a bell ringing in a tower

Hypothesis: a bell ringing is an example of sound waves trasferring energy

grounding the core concept in the example,


Context: sent1: a human is a kind of animal sent2: sound wave is a kind of mechanical wave sent3: light waves travel as transverse waves sent4: a human is a kind of animal sent5: sound is made of sound waves sent6: a human is a kind of living thing sent7: sound wave is a kind of wave sent8: speaking is a kind of communication sent9: except means not sent10: transverse waves cause object to move perpendicular to the direction of the wave sent11: transverse waves have objects moving in the opposite direction of longitudinal waves sent12: a person speaking is a source of sound sent13: a source of something emits / produces / generates / provides that something sent14: person is synonymous with human sent15: longitudinal wave is a kind of mechanical wave sent16: emit means produce sent17: a type is synonymous with a kind sent18: transverse waves cause objects to move perpendicular to the direction of the wave sent19: a source of something emits; produces; generates; provides that something sent20: talking is when a human produces sound to communicate sent21: a person is a kind of living thing sent22: a person is a kind of animal sent23: a wave is a kind of object sent24: a vibration is similar to a wave sent25: to generate something means to produce something

Question: When a person speaks, the type of wave produced can be described as all these except

Answer: transverse.

Hypothesis: sound is not a transverse wave

longitudinal waves cause object to move in the same direction of the wave

transverse waves have particles moving in the opposite direction of longitudinal waves

while not critical to answer the question, it may also be helpful to know that


Context: sent1: friction is a kind of force sent2: two sticks are rubbing against each other sent3: heat means heat energy sent4: producing is similar to causing sent5: rubbing against something is a kind of contact sent6: friction causes the temperature of an object to increase sent7: become warm means get warm sent8: generate means produce sent9: a kind of something is an example of that something sent10: a hot; warm something is a source of heat sent11: if two objects are rubbing each other, then they are moving against each other sent12: to generate something means to produce something sent13: friction occurs when two object's surfaces move against each other sent14: a source of something emits; produces; generates; provides that something sent15: friction occurs when two objects move against each other sent16: a stick is a kind of object sent17: warm; becoming warm means heat is added sent18: as the roughness of something increases , the friction of that something will increase when its surface moves against another surface sent19: friction exerts force on moving objects sent20: to rub; to rub together means to move against sent21: if something increases in temperature, then that something will be warm sent22: to heat means to warm up sent23: friction exerts force on moving objects sent24: a stick is a kind of object sent25: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces touch each other

Question: What is an example of a force producing heat?

Answer: two sticks getting warm when rubbed together

Hypothesis: frictional force between two sticks causes them to increase in temperature

two sticks getting warm when rubbed together

friction occurs when two object 's surfaces move against each other


Context: sent1: sliding is a kind of moving sent2: friction acts to counter the motion of two objects when their surfaces are touching sent3: counter means reduce; stop; resist sent4: as the roughness of something increases , the friction of that something will increase when its surface moves against another surface sent5: slipping is a kind of motion sent6: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces touch each other sent7: to be used for something means to be required by that something sent8: friction is a kind of force sent9: as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase sent10: friction occurs when two object's surfaces move against each other sent11: friction acts to counter the motion of two objects when their surfaces are touching sent12: to require something means to need something sent13: friction exerts force on moving objects sent14: sliding is a kind of motion sent15: if somethings slides on something else then that something is moving against that something else sent16: skidding causes friction sent17: low friction can cause an object to slip sent18: slipping on ice requires walking on that ice sent19: friction exerts force on moving objects sent20: friction occurs when two objects move against each other sent21: as friction increases, the chance of slipping will decrease sent22: the surface of ice exerts low friction on objects on it sent23: sliding is a kind of movement sent24: to be required means to be necessary sent25: as the friction increases, the resistance on the object to move will increase

Question: What force is needed to help stop a child from slipping on ice?

Answer: friction

Hypothesis: an increase in friction will decrease the chance of a child slipping


Context: sent1: to rub; to rub together means to move against sent2: stop means not move sent3: rubber is a kind of material sent4: friction occurs when two objects move against each other sent5: rolling is a kind of motion sent6: a ball is a kind of object sent7: the rubber ball is rolling across a surface sent8: stop; stopped means zero; 0; no speed sent9: as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase sent10: a ball is a kind of object sent11: a roll is a kind of movement sent12: rolling on a surface is a kind of moving on a surface sent13: as the friction increases, the resistance on the object to move will increase sent14: the object will stop when its speed is decreased to zero sent15: friction acts to counter the motion of two objects when their surfaces are touching sent16: rolling is a kind of motion sent17: rubber is a kind of material sent18: friction exerts force on moving objects sent19: a rubber ball is a kind of object sent20: as the roughness of something increases , the friction of that something will increase when its surface moves against another surface sent21: friction occurs when two object's surfaces move against each other sent22: due to means caused by sent23: counter means reduce; stop; resist sent24: friction acts to counter the motion of two objects when their surfaces are touching sent25: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces touch each other

Question: A rubber ball rolls across a level surface. The ball will eventually stop rolling due to

Answer: friction

Hypothesis: friction will cause the rubber ball to stop by decreasing the speed of the rubber ball to zero

friction causes the speed of an object to decrease


Context: sent1: friction exerts force on moving objects sent2: friction acts to counter the motion of two objects when their surfaces are touching sent3: as the smoothness of something increases , the friction of that something will decrease when its surface moves against another surface sent4: friction acts to counter the motion of two objects when their surfaces are touching sent5: if one surface is moved against; moved over; moved down another surface then those surfaces are touching sent6: grass is a kind of plant sent7: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces touch each other sent8: as the friction increases, friction will decrease the speed of the object more sent9: as the roughness of something increases , the friction of that something will increase when its surface moves against another surface sent10: rubbing against something is a kind of contact sent11: grass is a rough surface sent12: to slow; to slow down decreases speed sent13: more means an increase in the amount of something sent14: as the resistance on the object to move increase, the object will move slower sent15: friction causes the speed of an object to decrease sent16: as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase sent17: sidewalk means pavement sent18: grass is a rough surface sent19: as the smoothness of something increases , the friction of that something will decrease sent20: friction occurs when two object's surfaces move against each other sent21: friction causes speed to decrease sent22: friction occurs when two objects move against each other sent23: friction exerts force on moving objects sent24: as the friction increases, the speed of objects will decrease more sent25: as the friction increases, the resistance on the object to move will increase

Question: Christina kicks a ball. The ball moves faster when she kicks it on the concrete sidewalk than when she kicks it on the grass. Why does the ball travel slower on the grass than the sidewalk?

Answer: The grass has more friction.

Hypothesis: a ball moving on the grass surface will move slower than on the concrete surface


Context: sent1: as the friction increases, the speed of objects will decrease more sent2: friction occurs when two object 's surfaces touch each other sent3: as the smoothness of something increases , the friction of that something will decrease when its surface moves against another surface sent4: as the roughness of something increases , the friction of that something will increase when its surface moves against another surface sent5: friction acts to counter the motion of two objects when their surfaces are touching sent6: friction causes speed to decrease sent7: friction occurs when two object's surfaces move against each other sent8: friction acts to counter the motion of two objects when their surfaces are touching sent9: a frozen pond is a kind of object sent10: as the friction increases, the resistance on the object to move will increase sent11: the surface of ice exerts low friction on objects on it sent12: to slow; to slow down decreases speed sent13: if an object slides across another object then those objects are touching sent14: friction exerts force on moving objects sent15: as the resistance on the object to move increase, the object will move slower sent16: as the smoothness of something increases , the friction of that something will decrease sent17: friction exerts force on moving objects sent18: a rock is slided across the frozen pond sent19: as roughness of a surface increases , friction will increase sent20: friction occurs when two objects move against each other sent21: rocks contacting; rubbing each other over long periods of time causes those rocks to smooth sent22: as the friction increases, friction will decrease the speed of the object more sent23: friction is a kind of force sent24: force causes the speed of an object to increase; to decrease sent25: friction causes the speed of an object to decrease

Question: Kelly slides a flat rock across the smooth ice of a frozen pond. The rock slows down after several seconds. What causes the rock to slow down?

Answer: The force of friction between the ice and the rock

Hypothesis: friction will cause the speed of the rock to decrease

The force of friction between the ice and the rock


Context: sent1: a soccer ball is a kind of object sent2: gravity;gravitational force causes objects that have mass; substances to be pulled down; to fall on a planet sent3: rolling is a kind of motion sent4: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent5: falling means moving downward sent6: a motion is a kind of event; action sent7: gravity is a kind of force sent8: when a force is applied to an object , that force is acting on that object sent9: rolling is a kind of motion sent10: a roll is a kind of movement sent11: weight means the force of gravity acting on an object sent12: rolling down is similar to falling sent13: a soccer ball is a kind of ball sent14: when the soccer ball is rolling, it is moving against the ground sent15: surface gravity is a kind of force of gravity sent16: rolling on a surface is a kind of moving on a surface sent17: to land on the ground means to hit the ground sent18: gravity accelerates an object while that object falls by pulling on it sent19: down the hill is a kind of direction sent20: a soccer ball is a kind of ball sent21: a pull is a kind of force sent22: a slope is a part of a mountain; hill sent23: gravitational force is similar to force of gravity sent24: gravity means gravitational pull; gravitational energy; gravitational force; gravitational attraction sent25: downhill means down

Question: Jeannie put her soccer ball on the ground on the side of a hill. What force acted on the soccer ball to make it roll down the hill?

Answer: gravity

Hypothesis: gravity is the force causes the soccer ball to be pulled down on a planet

gravity / gravitational force causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet


Context: sent1: the ground means earth's surface sent2: the mass of an object causes the gravitational force exerted by that object sent3: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent4: surface gravity is a kind of force of gravity sent5: gravity;gravitational force causes objects that have mass; substances to be pulled down; to fall on a planet sent6: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent7: a pull is a kind of force sent8: gravity is a kind of force sent9: the ground is part of the earth sent10: falling means moving downward sent11: ground means floor sent12: if something returns to a place then that something increases in that place sent13: as the mass of an object increases , the force of gravity on that object will increase sent14: gravitational force is similar to force of gravity sent15: a ball is a kind of object sent16: to land on the ground means to hit the ground sent17: gravity means gravitational pull; gravitational energy; gravitational force; gravitational attraction sent18: the mass of a planet causes the pull of gravity on that planet sent19: drawing back up; into is similar to returning sent20: weight is a measure of the force of the gravity on the mass of an object sent21: returning is a kind of movement sent22: a ball is a kind of object sent23: to return means to get back sent24: ground is a kind of object sent25: come down is similar to falling

Question: Don throws a ball in the air. The ball comes back to the ground because

Answer: the mass of Earth creates a pull of gravity on the ball.

Hypothesis: gravity is the force that pulls the ball towards the planet

the mass of Earth creates a pull of gravity on the ball.


Context: sent1: a ball is a kind of object sent2: downward means down sent3: low means down sent4: the floor is a kind of object sent5: gravity causes objects that have mass / substances to be pulled down / to fall on a planet sent6: rising means moving upward sent7: rising is a kind of motion sent8: come down is similar to falling sent9: rubber is a kind of material sent10: falling means moving downward sent11: a ball is a kind of object sent12: gravity means gravitational pull; gravitational energy; gravitational force; gravitational attraction sent13: gravity;gravitational force causes objects that have mass; substances to be pulled down; to fall on a planet sent14: to travel up means to rise sent15: up means upward sent16: surface gravity is a kind of gravity sent17: a rubber ball is a kind of object sent18: upward is the opposite of downward sent19: surface gravity is a kind of force of gravity sent20: the floor is a kind of object sent21: rubber is a kind of material sent22: rubber is a kind of solid sent23: gravity is a kind of force sent24: gravitational force is similar to force of gravity sent25: a surface is a part of an object

Question: If you bounce a rubber ball on the floor, it goes up and then comes down. What causes the ball to come down?

Answer: gravity

Hypothesis: gravity pulls the ball down on the planet


Context: sent1: magnetism can cause objects to repel each other sent2: non-contact forces can affect objects that are not touching sent3: a magnet attracts magnetic metals through magnetism sent4: magnetic force means magnetism sent5: a magnet attracts magnetic metals; ferromagnetic metals through magnetism sent6: a paper clip is often made of magnetic metals; ferromagnetic metals sent7: a magnet is often made of magnetic metals; ferromagnetic metals sent8: a magnet is a kind of object sent9: if a magnet is attracted to a metal then that magnet will stick to that metal sent10: magnetism can affect objects that are not touching; without contact sent11: when a force is applied to an object , that force is acting on that object sent12: a paper clip is a kind of object sent13: a kind of something is an example of that something sent14: a magnet will not attract nonmagnetic materials sent15: a magnet attracts magnetic metals sent16: a magnet is magnetic sent17: a magnet will not attract nonmagnetic metals; nonmagnetic materials sent18: a magnetic field is a kind of force sent19: a paper clip is often made of magnetic metals sent20: a magnet will not attract nonmagnetic metals sent21: gravitational fore is a kind of non-contact force sent22: magnetism is a property of materials; objects and includes ordered values of nonmagnetic; magnetic sent23: magnetism is a kind of force sent24: paper is always nonmagnetic sent25: pull is similar to attract

Question: Which of these is an example of a non-contact force acting on an object?

Answer: a paper clip attracted to a magnet

Hypothesis: a magnet attracting a paper clip is an example of non-contact force affecting an object

magnetism can affect objects that are not touching / without contact


Context: sent1: a complex machine is made of more than one simple machine sent2: an object is made of its parts sent3: the parts of something make up that something sent4: to be made of means to consist of sent5: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent6: to be made of something means to be formed of that something sent7: if an object is made of something then the parts of that object are made of that something sent8: if something is made of something else then that something contains that something else sent9: bike means bicycle sent10: if something has something else then that something might be made of that something else sent11: a bicycle is a kind of object sent12: a vehicle is a kind of object sent13: if something is made of something else then that something can be broken down into that something else sent14: if something is part of another thing, then another thing consist of that something sent15: a bicycle is made of levers, wheels and axles, pulleys, and screws sent16: something is composed of its components sent17: a bicycle is made of levers, wheels and axles, pulleys, and screws sent18: if something is made of something else , then that something else will be the component of that something sent19: composed of means made of sent20: if something is made of something else, then that something contains at least one of that something else sent21: bicycling is a kind of motion sent22: a bicycle is a kind of vehicle sent23: made up of means contains; made of sent24: if something contains something else, then that something is made of that something else sent25: a bicycle is a kind of object

Question: A bicycle is considered a complex machine because it is

Answer: made up of more than one simple machine.

Hypothesis: a bicycle is a kind of complex machine

made up of more than one simple machine.


Context: sent1: moving fast is similar to travelling quickly sent2: velocity is a measure of a speed in a direction sent3: speed is a measure of distance travelled by an object over time; divided by time; per unit of time sent4: speed is a measure of how fast an object is moving sent5: kilometers km are a metric unit used for measuring length; distance generally used for values between 10 and 500000000 sent6: something requires motion to travel sent7: a motion is a kind of event; action sent8: travel means to move sent9: a vehicle is a kind of object sent10: a boat is similar to a ship sent11: km/hr is a kind of unit for representing speed sent12: hours hr are a metric unit used for measuring time generally used for values between 025 and 720 sent13: measuring is used for describing an object sent14: distance moved; distance travelled is a measure of how far an object moves sent15: a sailboat is a kind of object sent16: transport means to move; to make travel sent17: motion is when moves an object; something to a direction sent18: motion; movement means moving; to move sent19: dividing 35 by 5 equals to 7 sent20: a sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr sent21: a ship is a kind of vehicle sent22: a vehicle is a kind of object sent23: speed is a measure of distance travelled by an object divided by time sent24: moving is similar to travelling sent25: speed is a property of an object and includes values of slow; fast

Question: A sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr. Which of the following describes the motion of the sailboat?

Answer: Its average speed is 7 km/hr.

Hypothesis: the speed of the sailboat is 7 km/hr


Context: sent1: motion is when moves an object; something to a direction sent2: an increase is a kind of change sent3: movement is a kind of change sent4: if something has no impact on something else then that something else stays the same sent5: constant is similar to same sent6: movement is a kind of action sent7: motion; movement means moving; to move sent8: a force continually acting on an object in the same direction that the object is moving can cause that object's speed to increase in a forward motion sent9: to act on means to affect sent10: consistent means constant sent11: a force acting on an object in the opposite direction that the object is moving can cause that object's speed to decrease in a forward motion sent12: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent13: constant means not changing sent14: stay the same means not changing sent15: velocity is a measure of a speed in a direction sent16: variable means able to change sent17: an event is a kind of action sent18: an object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed sent19: an increase is a kind of change sent20: a moving object continues to move in the same direction at constant speed unless additional forces are applied sent21: action can cause change sent22: to change means to cause a change sent23: speed is a measure of how fast an object is moving sent24: an object acting against a force can cause that object to move in the opposite direction sent25: force causes the speed of an object to increase; to decrease

Question: An object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. What will happen to the object if no outside force acts on the object?

Answer: The speed and direction of the object will not change.

Hypothesis: the object will move in the same direction and at the same speed if no additional forces are applied to it

The speed and direction of the object will not change.


Context: sent1: a decrease is a kind of change sent2: if an event changes something then that event causes that change sent3: force causes the speed of an object to increase; to decrease sent4: an increase is a kind of change sent5: friction causes the speed of an object to decrease sent6: a force continually acting on an object in the same direction that the object is moving can cause that object's speed to increase in a forward motion sent7: moving is similar to travelling sent8: as the friction increases, friction will decrease the speed of the object more sent9: an increase is the opposite of a decrease sent10: motion; movement means moving; to move sent11: speed is a measure of distance travelled by an object over time; divided by time; per unit of time sent12: to change means to cause a change sent13: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent14: to slow; to slow down decreases speed sent15: an increase is a kind of change sent16: a pull is a kind of force sent17: a decrease is a kind of change sent18: a force acting on an object in the opposite direction that the object is moving can cause that object's speed to decrease in a forward motion sent19: as the speed of an object increases , the force that object exerts will increase sent20: speed is a measure of how fast an object is moving sent21: as the power of the force exerted on an object increases , the speed of the object being moved by the force will increase sent22: a decrease of something is a kind of change sent23: reducing is a kind of change sent24: velocity is a measure of a speed in a direction sent25: movement is a kind of change

Question: What causes a change in the speed of a moving object?

Answer: force

Hypothesis: force causes the speed of an object to change

force causes the speed of an object to increase / to decrease


Context: sent1: a pull is a kind of force sent2: a human is a kind of living thing sent3: a force acting on an object in the opposite direction that the object is moving can cause that object's speed to decrease in a forward motion sent4: a human is a kind of organism sent5: harm means injury sent6: a passenger colliding with a windshield; a steering column; a dashboard during a car accident may cause injury sent7: an object acting against a force can cause that object to move in the opposite direction sent8: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent9: protecting something means preventing harm to that something sent10: having a positive impact on something helps that something sent11: preventing something is a kind of method of protection against that something sent12: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent13: a human is a kind of animal sent14: a seat belt applies force in the opposite direction of the passenger's motion sent15: a human is a kind of animal sent16: seat belts are used for preventing injuries to passengers in cars sent17: when a force is applied to an object , that force is acting on that object sent18: motion is when moves an object; something to a direction sent19: preventing something decreases the amount of that something sent20: applying is similar to increasing sent21: motion; movement means moving; to move sent22: push is a kind of force; application of force sent23: a force is a kind of push or pull on an object sent24: avoiding is similar to preventing sent25: a passenger in a car is usually a human

Question: In a car accident, a seat belt helps prevent injuries by applying a force

Answer: in the opposite direction of the passenger's motion

Hypothesis: seat belts are used for preventing injuries by applying opposite force to the passenger's motion

a seat belt applies force in the opposite direction of the passenger 's motion


Context: sent1: a bird is a kind of object sent2: a bird is a kind of animal sent3: wings are a part of some insects sent4: a bird is a kind of living thing sent5: a fly is a kind of insect sent6: wings are a part of a bird sent7: an animal is a kind of organism sent8: an animal is a kind of organism sent9: an animal is a kind of thing sent10: an animal is a kind of living thing sent11: a bird is a kind of animal sent12: a bird is a kind of thing sent13: animals are a kind of organism sent14: flying is a kind of motion through air; space sent15: limbs are part of an animal sent16: wings are used to fly through air by birds sent17: a living thing is an organism sent18: an animal is a kind of living thing sent19: a bird is a kind of organism sent20: animal is a kind of organism sent21: an insect is a kind of animal sent22: animals are organisms sent23: living thing is a kind of organism sent24: an insect has six legs sent25: legs are usually a part of an animal

Question: An animal has six legs. What is it most likely to be?

Answer: a fly

Hypothesis: a fly has six legs

an insect has six legs
a fly is a kind of insect


Context: sent1: a reptile does not have fur sent2: bird is a kind of taxonomic group of animals sent3: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent4: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent5: hair is often a part of an animal sent6: a frog is a kind of amphibian sent7: mammal is a kind of taxonomic group of animals sent8: a part of an animal is a characteristic of that animal sent9: a fish does not have fur sent10: an amphibian does not have fur sent11: fish is a kind of taxonomic group of animals sent12: fish is a kind of organism sent13: a fish is a kind of animal sent14: hair is usually a part of animals sent15: a fish is a kind of organism sent16: an amphibian is a kind of animal sent17: a reptile is a kind of animal sent18: a reptile is a kind of animal sent19: a part of something means a characteristic of something sent20: a hair is a kind of object sent21: amphibian is a kind of taxonomic group of animals sent22: if something is a characteristic of only one kind of thing then that something is a distinguishing characteristic sent23: a fish is a kind of living thing sent24: hair is similar to fur sent25: a fish is a kind of animal

Question: Which characteristic applies to animals in only one of these taxonomic groups: reptiles, mammals, birds, amphibians, or fishes?

Answer: have hair

Hypothesis: fur is only part of animals of one taxonomic group


Context: sent1: if something is a characteristic of only one kind of thing then that something is a distinguishing characteristic sent2: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent3: a bird is a kind of animal sent4: to distinguish means to tell the difference between sent5: feathers are a part of some wings sent6: feathers are a part of a bird sent7: a bird is a kind of organism sent8: an animal is a kind of living thing sent9: wings are a part of a bird sent10: an example of an adaptation for flight in birds is feathers; wings; hollow bones sent11: a bird is a kind of object sent12: all species of birds have wings sent13: trait means property sent14: a feather is a kind of object sent15: a bird is a kind of thing sent16: an animal is a kind of organism sent17: an animal is a kind of organism sent18: animal is a kind of organism sent19: a bird is a kind of living thing sent20: animals are a kind of organism sent21: an animal is a kind of living thing sent22: if things can be identified as different because of something then they are distinguishable by that something sent23: all species of birds have feathers sent24: animals are organisms sent25: a bird is a kind of animal

Question: Which two traits would best distinguish a bird from other vertebrates?

Answer: feathers and wings

Hypothesis: feathers and wings together are distinguishing characteristics of birds

wings and feathers do not generally occur on animals that are not birds


Context: sent1: a skeletal system is a part of an animal sent2: history means the past sent3: animal is a kind of organism sent4: animals are organisms sent5: skeletal system is made of bones sent6: history occurred a long time ago sent7: if two species of animal have a similar bone structure then those two species probably evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history sent8: similar means in common sent9: an animal is a kind of thing sent10: an animal is a kind of organism sent11: to conclude means to make a conclusion sent12: an animal is a kind of living thing sent13: a bone is a part of some animals sent14: bones are part of some animals sent15: recent geological history means a relatively short period of time sent16: animals are a kind of organism sent17: bone structure is a kind of inherited characteristic of an animal sent18: species from long ago have changed over time sent19: an animal is a kind of living thing sent20: an animal is a member of an animal species sent21: an animal is a kind of organism sent22: evolution occurs over a long period of time sent23: if two or more organisms have similar characteristics then those organisms might share a common ancestor sent24: in common is similar to the same sent25: two or more animals have similar characteristics

Question: Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history?

Answer: The species have similar bone structure.

Hypothesis: animals with similar bone structure probably evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history

The species have similar bone structure.


Context: sent1: a female insect lays eggs during the adult stage of an insect's life cycle sent2: animals are organisms sent3: a frog is a kind of amphibian sent4: reproduction only occurs during adulthood sent5: animal is a kind of organism sent6: reproduction is a stage in the life cycle process sent7: an amphibian is a kind of animal sent8: an animal is a kind of living thing sent9: a frog is a kind of aquatic animal sent10: some adult animals lay eggs sent11: frogs lay eggs sent12: a frog is a kind of aquatic animal sent13: an animal is a kind of organism sent14: reproduction occurs during adulthood sent15: a frog is a kind of animal sent16: an animal is a kind of living thing sent17: to happen means to occur sent18: events occur at a specific place; at a specific time; with a specific frequency sent19: an animal is a kind of organism sent20: a frog is a kind of animal sent21: adulthood is a stage in the life cycle process sent22: frogs / turtles / fish / mice / birds are kinds of animals sent23: something that happens is a kind of event sent24: amphibians lay eggs sent25: animals are a kind of organism

Question: Which of the following happens only during the adult stage of the life cycle of a frog?

Answer: A frog lays eggs.

Hypothesis: frogs only lay eggs during the adult stage of the life cycle process


Context: sent1: the immature; young; baby form of a butterfly is called a caterpillar sent2: metamorphosis is when an amphibian; insect changes from an immature form to an adult form sent3: an animal is a kind of organism sent4: the mature; adult form of a caterpillar is called a butterfly sent5: an animal is a kind of living thing sent6: to become is similar to change into sent7: an insect changed from an immature form to an adult form sent8: a butterfly is a kind of animal sent9: an animal is a kind of organism sent10: the immature form of a butterfly is called a caterpillar sent11: animals are organisms sent12: a butterfly is a kind of animal sent13: metamorphosis is a stage in the life cycle process of some animals sent14: an animal is a kind of living thing sent15: a moth undergoes metamorphosis sent16: a kind of something is an example of that something sent17: an insect is a kind of animal sent18: a caterpillar is kind of a young butterfly sent19: animal is a kind of organism sent20: metamorphosis is when an insect changes from an immature form to an adult form sent21: metamorphosis means complete metamorphosis sent22: a butterfly is a kind of organism sent23: a butterfly is a kind of insect sent24: animals are a kind of organism sent25: the adult form of a caterpillar is called a butterfly

Question: Which is an example of metamorphosis?

Answer: A caterpillar changes into a butterfly.

Hypothesis: an example of metamorphosis is when a butterfly changes from a caterpilar to a butterfly


Context: sent1: a tree is a kind of plant sent2: an apple tree is a kind of plant sent3: growth is a kind of process sent4: cell division often causes growth; healing sent5: an apple tree is a kind of plant sent6: if something causes something else then that something else is a result of that something sent7: cell division is a kind of process sent8: if something causes something else then that something else results from that something sent9: a process is a kind of event sent10: to cause means to result in sent11: cell division means cell reproduction sent12: growth is when a living thing grows sent13: fruit is a part of a plant; tree sent14: to produce means to result in sent15: a tree is a kind of living thing sent16: if something is caused by something else then that something resulted from that something else sent17: growth is a kind of process sent18: cell division produces cells sent19: growth means size;number;value;strength increases sent20: to subdivide is similar to to divide sent21: a tree is a kind of plant sent22: if something causes something else then that something results in that something else sent23: product means result sent24: growing is a kind of process sent25: an apple is a kind of fruit

Question: Which process in an apple tree primarily results from cell division?

Answer: growth

Hypothesis: cell division causes growth


Context: sent1: hiding can be used for avoiding predators sent2: bark is a kind of sound sent3: hearing is used for sensing sound by animals sent4: hearing is used for sensing sound by animals sent5: a prairie dog is a kind of animal sent6: hearing is used for sensing sounds by animals sent7: an animal is a kind of living thing sent8: sound can be used for communication by animals sent9: sensory organs are used for sensing sent10: a danger is dangerous sent11: sensory organs are used for sensing sent12: underground means under ground sent13: burying is a kind of hiding sent14: warning is a kind of communication sent15: a prarie dog barks to communicate sent16: communication can be used to warn people of dangers sent17: communication can be used to let other animals know things sent18: something that is used for communication increases communication sent19: hearing is a kind of sense sent20: hearing is used to identify sound sent21: animals usually keep away from danger or problems sent22: living underground can be used for hiding from predators sent23: to be in danger means to be around; to be near something dangerous sent24: hiding is a kind of protection against predators; from predators sent25: a dog is a kind of animal

Question: A prairie dog living in a community barks loudly. Other prairie dogs nearby know that danger is near and quickly go underground to hide. Which sense are these prairie dogs using to communicate?

Answer: hearing

Hypothesis: the prarie dogs can hear other prarie dogs bark


Context: sent1: a frog is a kind of aquatic animal sent2: an adaptation is an adaptive feature sent3: animals adapt to their environment sent4: aquatic animals; plants live in bodies of water sent5: an adaptation; an ability has a positive impact on an animal's; living thing's survival; health; ability to reproduce sent6: a frog is a kind of aquatic animal sent7: some organisms live in water sent8: an adaptation is a kind of characteristic of an organism sent9: webbed feet are used for moving faster through water by aquatic animals sent10: a frog is a kind of animal sent11: adaptations are a kind of characteristic of living things sent12: a part of an animal is a characteristic of that animal sent13: animals adapt to their environment sent14: young amphibians live in water sent15: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent16: an adaptation is a kind of characteristic sent17: frogs / turtles / fish / mice / birds are kinds of animals sent18: a frog is a kind of animal sent19: a part of something means a characteristic of something sent20: amphibians have webbed feet sent21: feature is synonymous with characteristic sent22: living in an environment causes an organism to adapt to that environment sent23: an amphibian is a kind of animal sent24: a frog is a kind of amphibian sent25: aquatic animals live in bodies of water

Question: Which characteristic of frogs is an adaptation to living in water?

Answer: webbed feet

Hypothesis: webbed feet are a kind of adaptation for living in water

an adaptation has a positive impact on an animal 's survival / health / ability to reproduce


Context: sent1: coloration is a kind of adaptation for hiding;camouflage sent2: many animals blend in with their environment to not be seen by predators sent3: an example of camouflage is organism having the same color as its environment sent4: an example of camouflage is organism changing into the color of the environment sent5: to blend into something means ability to be seen decreases when around that something sent6: hiding means ability to be seen decreases for camouflage sent7: to blend into something means to be difficult to see in something sent8: blending in is synonymous with hiding sent9: hiding means visibility; ability to be seen decreases for camouflage sent10: to blend into something means to be less able to see in something sent11: camouflage is synonymous with visual disguise sent12: camouflage is a kind of protection against predators sent13: not visible means cannot be seen sent14: camouflage is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment sent15: coloration is a kind of adaptation for hiding / camouflage sent16: camouflage is used for protection; hiding by prey; animals against predators; from predators sent17: camouflage is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment sent18: coloration is a kind of adaptation for camouflage sent19: not being seen by predators is a kind of protection against predators sent20: camouflage is used for protection by animals against predators sent21: to hide means ability to be seen decreases sent22: an example of camouflage is organism having the same color as its environment sent23: an example of camouflage is an organism looking like its environment sent24: an example of camouflage is an organism having the same color as its environment sent25: camouflage is used for hiding by animals from predators

Question: Many animals blend in with their environment and can not be easily seen by predators. This is an example of which adaptation?

Answer: camouflaging

Hypothesis: an example of camouflage is animals blending into their environment

camouflage is a kind of protection against predators / from predators / against consumers


Context: sent1: the fur color of the arctic hare changes from brown in the summer to white in the winter sent2: a rabbit may be white in color sent3: an arctic environment becomes white in the winter sent4: camouflage is used for protection; hiding by prey; animals against predators; from predators sent5: when snow falls in an environment , that environment will become white sent6: cold environments sometimes are white in color from being covered in snow sent7: white fur is white in color sent8: the arctic is white in color sent9: the arctic environment is white in color from being covered in snow sent10: when snow falls in an environment in an environment , that environment will become white sent11: when snow falls in an environment in an environment , that environment will become white sent12: snow is white in color sent13: an arctic hare's fur turns white in the winter sent14: when snow falls in an environment, the environment becomes white in color sent15: a hare is a kind of animal sent16: a rabbit is a kind of animal sent17: camouflage is used for hiding by animals from predators sent18: hiding is a kind of protection against predators / from predators sent19: an arctic hare's fur turns white in the winter sent20: a rabbit is a kind of animal sent21: a hare is a kind of animal sent22: camouflage is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment sent23: hiding is a kind of protection against predators; from predators sent24: an arctic hare is a kind of organism sent25: a hare is similar to a rabbit

Question: The Arctic hare's brown fur turns white in winter. This adaptation helps the Arctic hare

Answer: hide from enemies in snow.

Hypothesis: an arctic hare having the same color as an arctic environment is used for hiding from predators

an example of camouflage is organism changing into the color of the environment

an adaptation / an ability has a positive impact on an animal 's / living thing 's survival / health / ability to reproduce


Context: sent1: many animals blend in with their environment to not be seen by predators sent2: an example of camouflage is organism changing into the color of the environment sent3: a snowshoe hare is a kind of animal sent4: camouflage is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment sent5: help means advantage sent6: things that are the same coloration blend into each other sent7: a hare is similar to a rabbit sent8: coloration is a kind of adaptation for hiding / camouflage sent9: an arctic hare's fur turns white in the winter sent10: camouflage is used for hiding by animals from predators sent11: an adaptation is an advantage sent12: blending in is synonymous with hiding sent13: a hare is a kind of animal sent14: a rabbit is a kind of animal sent15: a snowshoe hare's fur is brown during summer sent16: to blend into something means to be difficult to see in something sent17: a rabbit is a kind of animal sent18: advantage has a positive impact on something sent19: a hare is a kind of animal sent20: the fur color of the arctic hare changes from brown in the summer to white in the winter sent21: camouflage is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment sent22: a snowshoe hare's fur is white during winter sent23: a snowshow hare sheds its fur during the summer and winter sent24: a rabbit may be white in color sent25: to blend into something means ability to be seen decreases when around that something

Question: The snowshoe hare sheds its fur twice a year. In the summer, the fur of the hare is brown. In the winter, the fur is white. Which of these statements best explains the advantage of shedding fur?

Answer: Shedding fur helps the hare blend into its habitat.

Hypothesis: shedding fur is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment

Shedding fur helps the hare blend into its habitat.

camouflage is used for protection / hiding by prey / animals against predators / from predators


Context: sent1: camouflage is a kind of protection against predators sent2: coloration is a kind of adaptation for hiding / camouflage sent3: an example of camouflage is an organism looking like leaves sent4: camouflage is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment sent5: a leaf is often green in color sent6: an animal is a kind of organism sent7: camouflage is used for hiding by animals from predators sent8: an insect is a kind of animal sent9: camouflage is used for protection; hiding by prey; animals against predators; from predators sent10: a leaf is a part of a green plant sent11: an example of camouflage is organism having the same color as its environment sent12: an example of camouflage is an organism looking like its environment sent13: camouflage is synonymous with visual disguise sent14: a leaf is often green in color sent15: camouflage is a kind of protection against predators; from predators; against consumers sent16: a kind of something is an example of that something sent17: an example of camouflage is an organism having the same color as its environment sent18: camouflage is used for protection by animals against predators sent19: an example of camouflage is organism having the same color as its environment sent20: green is a kind of color sent21: an example of camouflage is organism changing into the color of the environment sent22: coloration is a kind of adaptation for hiding;camouflage sent23: camouflage is a kind of adaptation for hiding in an environment sent24: coloration is a kind of adaptation for camouflage sent25: an animal is a kind of organism

Question: Which description is an example of camouflage?

Answer: green insects sitting on green leaves

Hypothesis: an example of camouflage is an insect having the same color as green leaves


Context: sent1: a predator is a kind of animal sent2: avoiding predators has a positive impact on prey's; an organism's survival; health; ability to reproduce sent3: an animal is a kind of organism sent4: avoiding predators has a positive impact on an organism 's survival sent5: most animals avoid bad odors sent6: an animal is a kind of living thing sent7: an animal is a kind of organism sent8: an animal is a kind of living thing sent9: avoiding predators; escaping predators; avoiding consumers is a kind of protection sent10: avoiding predators has a positive impact on the organism sent11: a predator is a kind of animal sent12: avoiding is similar to preventing sent13: to help means to aid sent14: a source of something emits; produces; generates; provides that something sent15: animal is a kind of organism sent16: avoiding predators has a positive impact on an animal's survival sent17: a predator is a kind of organism sent18: a skunk is a kind of animal sent19: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent20: some animals produce bad odors sent21: animals are a kind of organism sent22: avoiding something with a negative impact has a positive impact sent23: helping something has a positive impact on that something sent24: defenses can help animals avoid predators sent25: a skunk produces a bad odor

Question: A body structure under a skunk's tail produces a liquid with a very bad odor. This odor helps the skunk to

Answer: avoid predators

Hypothesis: producing a bad odor helps skunks avoid predators

a skunk's bad odor helps it avoid predators


Context: sent1: animals require food for survival sent2: an adaptation; an ability has a positive impact on an animal's; living thing's survival; health; ability to reproduce sent3: if a living thing requires something then an increase in that something has a positive impact on that living thing's survival sent4: a camel's humps are used for storing fat sent5: a desert is a kind of environment sent6: an adaptation is a kind of characteristic sent7: an adaptation has a positive impact on a living thing 's survival sent8: an example of an adaptation is camel humps sent9: animals adapt to their environment sent10: animals require food to survive sent11: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent12: living in an environment causes an organism to adapt to that environment sent13: something that animals require has a positive impact on that animal's survival sent14: adaptations are used for survival sent15: well-suited is similar to adapted sent16: a desert environment is a dry environment sent17: an adaptation is a kind of characteristic of an organism sent18: a desert environment is low in availability of water; availability of food sent19: a organism requires food for survival sent20: an adaptation has a positive impact on an animal 's survival sent21: animals adapt to their environment sent22: an animal can survive in an environment with little food by storing fat sent23: adaptations are a kind of characteristic of living things sent24: a camel is a kind of animal sent25: a living thing requires food for survival

Question: Camels have humps on their backs that store fat, allowing them to survive for many days without food. This makes camels well suited to desert life. This characteristic is an example of

Answer: adaptation.

Hypothesis: an example of an adaptation is camel humps storing fat


Context: sent1: some animals shed fur in warm weather sent2: thick fur; thick feathers can be used for keeping warm sent3: some animals shed fur in spring sent4: winter means environmental temperature decreases sent5: fur is often a part of an animal sent6: winter is a kind of season sent7: shedding mean an animal loses hair;fur;skin sent8: seasonal changes are made in response to changes in the environment sent9: changes in an environment cause animals; plants to adapt to survive sent10: winter is a kind of season sent11: adapting is when a living thing responds to a change in an environment sent12: if the environmental temperature; air temperature is too cold then an animal; a living thing in that environment may become cold sent13: winter has cold temperatures;weather sent14: when an animal sheds its fur , its fur becomes less dense sent15: fur is often part of an animal sent16: seasons cause change to the environment sent17: winter means environmental; outdoor temperature decreases sent18: an example of a seasonal change is an animal growing thick fur for keeping warm in the winter sent19: thick fur is a kind of fur sent20: some animals' fur grows thicker for staying warm in the winter sent21: when fur grows it becomes thicker sent22: fur is a covering around the body of an animal sent23: fur is often part of an animal sent24: thick fur can be used for keeping warm sent25: a seasonal change is a kind of environmental change

Question: The fur of some animals becomes thicker in the winter and is shed in the spring. These observations show how animals

Answer: respond to changes in the environment

Hypothesis: some animals grow thicker fur and shed fur as a response to changes in seasons

an example of a seasonal change is an animal shedding fur in the spring


Context: sent1: as dryness increases in an environment , the available water in that environment will decrease sent2: drying means amount of water; amount of liquid; wetness decreases sent3: waxy leaves are used for storing water by some plants sent4: drier means lower in amount of water sent5: drought is when available water decreases in an environment sent6: drying means the amount of liquid decreases sent7: a living things require water for survival sent8: a dry environment is low in availability of water sent9: an adaptation is a kind of characteristic of an organism sent10: dry means low in amount of water sent11: drought is when amount of precipitation decreases sent12: plants require water for survival sent13: drought is when available water decreases in an environment sent14: as the availability of water decreases, the environment will become more dry sent15: as dryness increases in an environment , the available water in that environment will decrease sent16: an adaptation is a kind of characteristic sent17: drier means lower in amount of water; wetness; moisture sent18: trait is synonymous with characteristic sent19: a part of something means a characteristic of something sent20: dry means low in amount of water; wetness; moisture sent21: plants drying out means plants do not have enough water to survive sent22: conserving water can be used for survival in a dry environment sent23: animals; living things require water for survival sent24: conserving water is a kind of characteristic sent25: feature is synonymous with characteristic

Question: Which characteristic of a plant would best help it survive in a very dry climate?

Answer: waxy leaves to keep in water

Hypothesis: waxy leaves are used by some plants for survival in a dry environment

storing water increases the water available to organisms in a dry environment


Context: sent1: something that is protected against something else is safe from that something else sent2: if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal is the predator sent3: protecting part of something helps to protect that something sent4: being protected from predators has a positive impact on an animal's survival sent5: avoiding predators; escaping predators; avoiding consumers is a kind of protection sent6: some animals eat cacti sent7: animals eat cacti sent8: eating an animal; a plant means killing that animal; that plant sent9: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival sent10: defenses can help animals avoid predators sent11: a spine is a part of a cactus that is hard and located on the outside of the cactus sent12: if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal will be the predator sent13: if an animal is eaten by other animals , then the animal will be the prey sent14: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing 's survival / health sent15: a predator eats other animals for food sent16: a cactus spine is a part of a cactus for protecting the cactus from animals sent17: protecting something means preventing harm to that something sent18: a sharp object can be used for protection sent19: if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal will be the predator sent20: if something has a negative impact on an organism then that organism must protect itself from that something sent21: protecting an animal has a positive impact on that animal sent22: if an animal is eaten by other animals , then the animal will be the prey sent23: protecting a living thing has a positive impact on that living thing's survival; health sent24: a cactus is a kind of plant sent25: a cactus spine is a kind of sharp object

Question: Which structure best protects a cactus from being eaten by animals?

Answer: sharp spines as the leaves


Context: sent1: avoiding predators has a positive impact on prey's; an organism's survival; health; ability to reproduce sent2: a bird is a kind of animal sent3: a storm destroys most of the plants on an island sent4: a bird is a kind of animal sent5: changes in an environment cause animals; plants to adapt to survive sent6: adaptations are used for survival sent7: if something has a positive impact on the survival of an organism then that organism is likely going to survive sent8: animals with traits that positively impact their survival have a greater ability to survive / reproduce sent9: an adaptation; an ability has a positive impact on an animal's; living thing's survival; health; ability to reproduce sent10: if a living thing must do something to survive, then increasing that living thing's ability to do that something has a positive impact on that living thing's survival sent11: if an animal does something for survival then that something has a positive impact on that animal's survival sent12: animals adapt to their environment sent13: living in an environment causes an organism to adapt to that environment sent14: if a species of animal is able to thrive in an environment, then the population of that animal will increase sent15: being protected from predators has a positive impact on an animal's survival sent16: if an organism can live in an environment then that organism can withstand the conditions of that environment sent17: adaptation has a positive impact on the population; the survival; the reproduction of a species; of individual organisms sent18: an adaptation has a positive impact on an animal 's survival sent19: an adaptation has a positive impact on a living thing 's survival sent20: if a living thing requires something then an increase in that something has a positive impact on that living thing's survival sent21: a bird is a kind of living thing sent22: a bird is a kind of organism sent23: adaptation has a positive impact on the survival of individual organisms sent24: adaptation has a positive impact on the survival of a species sent25: animals adapt to their environment

Question: Several kinds of birds live on a small island. A storm destroys most of the plants on which the birds feed and build their nests. Which kind of bird is most likely going to survive on the island?

Answer: the birds that are most able to adapt

Hypothesis: animals that are able to adapt are likley going to survive after a storm